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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-개요" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#개요"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>개요</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-개요-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>개요 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-개요-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-역사" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#역사"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>역사</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-역사-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-실용적_측면" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#실용적_측면"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>실용적 측면</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-실용적_측면-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-현대_사회의_후생경제학" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#현대_사회의_후생경제학"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>현대 사회의 후생경제학</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-현대_사회의_후생경제학-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-참고_문헌" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#참고_문헌"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>참고 문헌</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-참고_문헌-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">후생경제학</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 36개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%87" title="اقتصاد رفاه – 아랍어" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اقتصاد رفاه" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="아랍어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifah_iqtisadiyyat%C4%B1" title="Rifah iqtisadiyyatı – 아제르바이잔어" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rifah iqtisadiyyatı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="아제르바이잔어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Икономика на благосъстоянието – 불가리아어" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Икономика на благосъстоянието" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="불가리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="জনকল্যাণ অর্থনীতি – 벵골어" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জনকল্যাণ অর্থনীতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="벵골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economia_del_benestar" title="Economia del benestar – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Economia del benestar" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomie_blahobytu" title="Ekonomie blahobytu – 체코어" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ekonomie blahobytu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="체코어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velf%C3%A6rds%C3%B8konomi" title="Velfærdsøkonomi – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Velfærdsøkonomi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wohlfahrts%C3%B6konomik" title="Wohlfahrtsökonomik – 독일어" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wohlfahrtsökonomik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="독일어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welfare_economics" title="Welfare economics – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Welfare economics" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Econom%C3%ADa_del_bienestar" title="Economía del bienestar – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Economía del bienestar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heaolu%C3%B6konoomika" title="Heaoluökonoomika – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Heaoluökonoomika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ongizatearen_ekonomia" title="Ongizatearen ekonomia – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ongizatearen ekonomia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%87" title="اقتصاد رفاه – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اقتصاد رفاه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyvinvointitaloustiede" title="Hyvinvointitaloustiede – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hyvinvointitaloustiede" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89conomie_du_bien-%C3%AAtre" title="Économie du bien-être – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Économie du bien-être" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="कल्याण अर्थशास्त्र – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कल्याण अर्थशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomi_kesejahteraan" title="Ekonomi kesejahteraan – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ekonomi kesejahteraan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economia_del_benessere" title="Economia del benessere – 이탈리아어" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Economia del benessere" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="이탈리아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9A%E7%94%9F%E7%B5%8C%E6%B8%88%E5%AD%A6" title="厚生経済学 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="厚生経済学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99" title="ເສດຖະສາດສະຫວັດດີການ – 라오어" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເສດຖະສາດສະຫວັດດີການ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="라오어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Економска благосостојба – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Економска благосостојба" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welvaartseconomie" title="Welvaartseconomie – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Welvaartseconomie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velferds%C3%B8konomi" title="Velferdsøkonomi – 노르웨이어(보크말)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Velferdsøkonomi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="노르웨이어(보크말)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekonomia_dobrobytu" title="Ekonomia dobrobytu – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ekonomia dobrobytu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ko" dir="ltr"><p><span class="nowrap"></span> </p> <table style="line-height:140%; font-size: 95%; margin: 0.3em 0 0.6em 0.6em; border: 1px solid #BEBEBE; background-color:#f9f9f9; clear:right; float:right; text-align: center;" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size: 120%; background:#ccccdd; border-bottom: 1px solid #BEBEBE; padding: 5px 5px 3px 5px; text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="경제학">경제학</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center; background:#FFFFFF;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:GDP_per_capita_(nominal)_2015.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/GDP_per_capita_%28nominal%29_2015.png/200px-GDP_per_capita_%28nominal%29_2015.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/GDP_per_capita_%28nominal%29_2015.png/300px-GDP_per_capita_%28nominal%29_2015.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/GDP_per_capita_%28nominal%29_2015.png/400px-GDP_per_capita_%28nominal%29_2015.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="625" /></a></span><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;font-size:95%;padding:4px;border:none;"><div style="font-size:100%;line-height:1.6;font-weight:bold;background:transparent;text-align:center;;"><b>지역별 경제</b></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;;"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%94%84%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%98_%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C" title="아프리카의 경제">아프리카</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%B6%81%EC%95%84%EB%A9%94%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%98_%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="북아메리카의 경제 (없는 문서)">북아메리카</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%82%A8%EC%95%84%EB%A9%94%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%98_%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="남아메리카의 경제 (없는 문서)">남아메리카</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84%EC%9D%98_%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C" title="아시아의 경제">아시아</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD%EC%9D%98_%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="유럽의 경제 (없는 문서)">유럽</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%98%A4%EC%84%B8%EC%95%84%EB%8B%88%EC%95%84%EC%9D%98_%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="오세아니아의 경제 (없는 문서)">오세아니아</a></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ddddee; font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px solid #BEBEBE; border-bottom: 1px solid #BEBEBE; padding: 0 3px 0 3px;">일반 영역 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 3px 0 3px;"><a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EC%8B%9C%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="미시경제학">미시경제학</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%EA%B1%B0%EC%8B%9C%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="거시경제학">거시경제학</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%EC%82%AC%EC%83%81%EC%82%AC" title="경제사상사">경제사상사</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99%EC%9D%98_%EB%B0%A9%EB%B2%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="경제학의 방법 (없는 문서)">방법</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%EC%A3%BC%EB%A5%98%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="주류경제학">주류</a> / <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EC%A3%BC%EB%A5%98_%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="비주류 경제학">비주류</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ddddee; font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px solid #BEBEBE; border-bottom: 1px solid #BEBEBE; padding: 0 3px 0 3px;">기법 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 3px 0 3px;"> <p><a href="/wiki/%EC%88%98%EB%A6%AC%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="수리경제학">수리</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%84%EB%9F%89%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="계량경제학">계량</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A4%ED%97%98%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="실험경제학">실험</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B5%AD%EB%AF%BC%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%EA%B3%84%EC%82%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="국민경제계산 (없는 문서)">국민경제계산</a><br /> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ddddee; font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px solid #BEBEBE; border-bottom: 1px solid #BEBEBE; padding: 0 3px 0 3px;">분야 </th></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 3px 0 3px;"> <p><a href="/wiki/%ED%96%89%EB%8F%99%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="행동경제학">행동</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="문화경제학">문화</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%84%ED%99%94%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="진화경제학">진화</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%EC%84%B1%EC%9E%A5" title="경제성장">성장</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%9C%EB%B0%9C%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="개발경제학">개발</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%EC%82%AC" title="경제사">역사</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="국제경제학">국제</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%EC%B2%B4%EC%A0%9C" title="경제체제">경제체제</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%94%ED%8F%90%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="화폐경제학">화폐</a>와 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9E%AC%EC%A0%95%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="재정경제학 (없는 문서)">재정</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%B5%EA%B3%B5%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="공공경제학">공공</a>과 <a class="mw-selflink selflink">후생</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%98%EB%A3%8C%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="의료경제학 (없는 문서)">의료</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%90%EC%9C%A1%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="교육경제학">교육</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%EB%B3%B5%EC%A7%80" title="복지">복지</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%B8%EA%B5%AC%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="인구경제학 (없는 문서)">인구</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%8F%99%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="노동경제학">노동</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%B8%EC%82%AC%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="인사경제학 (없는 문서)">인사</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B4%80%EB%A6%AC%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="관리경제학 (없는 문서)">관리</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B3%84%EC%82%B0%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="계산경제학 (없는 문서)">계산</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%85%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="기업경제학 (없는 문서)">기업</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/%EC%A0%95%EB%B3%B4%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="정보경제학">정보</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%EC%9E%84%EC%9D%B4%EB%A1%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="게임이론">게임이론</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EC%97%85%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%81%EB%A1%A0" title="산업조직론">산업조직론</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%95%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="법경제학">법</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%EB%86%8D%EC%97%85%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="농업경제학">농업</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%B2%9C%EC%97%B0%EC%9E%90%EC%9B%90%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="천연자원경제학 (없는 문서)">천연자원</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%ED%99%98%EA%B2%BD%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="환경경제학">환경</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%83%9C%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="생태경제학">생태</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%8B%9C%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="도시경제학">도시</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%EB%86%8D%EC%B4%8C%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="농촌경제학">농촌</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%97%AD%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="지역경제학">지역</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%EC%A7%80%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="경제지리학">지리</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ddddee; font-size: 95%; border-top: 1px solid #BEBEBE; border-bottom: 1px solid #BEBEBE; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="분류:경제학">목록</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; text-align:center;"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99_%ED%95%99%EC%88%A0%EC%A7%80_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="경제학 학술지 목록 (없는 문서)">학술지</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99%EC%9D%98_%EC%A4%91%EC%9A%94%EC%B6%9C%ED%8C%90%EB%AC%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="경제학의 중요출판물 (없는 문서)">출판물</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="분류:경제학">분류</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99_%ED%99%94%EC%A0%9C_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="경제학 화제 목록 (없는 문서)">화제</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99%EC%9E%90_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="경제학자 목록 (없는 문서)">경제학자</a> <br /> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="NavHead" style="border-style: none; padding: 0px; background:#ddddee; border-top: 1px solid #BEBEBE; text-align: center; height:1.9em;"><b><a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C" title="경제">개념과 역사</a></b></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ccccdd; line-height:110%; font-size: 85%; border-top: 1px solid #BEBEBE; padding: 0 3px 0 3px; text-align:center;"><span class="noprint plainlinks plainlinksneverexpand" style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-size:smaller; ;"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8B%80:%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99_%EB%91%98%EB%9F%AC%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0" title="틀:경제학 둘러보기"><span title="이 틀을 보기" style=";">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:smaller;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8B%80%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0:%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99_%EB%91%98%EB%9F%AC%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="틀토론:경제학 둘러보기 (없는 문서)"><span title="이 틀에 대한 토론" style=";">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:smaller;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%ED%8B%80:%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99_%EB%91%98%EB%9F%AC%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0&action=edit"><span title="이 틀을 편집할 수 있습니다. 단, 저장하기 전에 미리 보기로 결과를 확인하여 주십시오." style=";">e</span></a> <span style="font-size:smaller;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%ED%8B%80:%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99_%EB%91%98%EB%9F%AC%EB%B3%B4%EA%B8%B0&action=history"><span title="이 틀의 역사를 볼 수 있습니다." style=";">h</span></a></span> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>후생경제학</b>(厚生經濟學, <span style="font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EC%96%B4" title="영어">영어</a>: </span><span lang="en">welfare economics</span>)은 인류 경제활동의 궁극적 목표가 '행복추구'라는 전제하에 사회구성원의 소비효용 또는 복리증진을 목표로 하는 경제학의 일부이다. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="개요"><span id=".EA.B0.9C.EC.9A.94"></span>개요</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9B%84%EC%83%9D%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 개요"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>근대경제학의 시초인 영국의 고전파 경제학계의 경제학자들은 '복지경제학'에 대해 다뤄왔으며, 영국의 경제학자 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%84%9C_%EC%84%B8%EC%8B%A4_%ED%94%BC%EA%B5%AC" title="아서 세실 피구">아서 세실 피구</a>(Arthur Cecil Pigou)가 1920년에 그의 주저 《후생경제학》(The Economics of Welfare)을 간행함으로 후생경제학이란 말이 경제학에서 본격적으로 등장하였다. 그는 "후생경제학은 경제적 건전성과 인류의 복리증진을 증대시키기 위한 경제 관점의 정책을 연구한 것이다"라고 정의했다. 그외 수많은 후생경제학 분야의 경제학자들은, 시장 경제를 무정부적으로 놔둘 때 나타나는 여러 가지 단점, 그리고 시장 경제가 만능이 아니라는 점에 대해서 정립했다. 이들은 새로운 복지 경제의 모델을 제시하고, 기본적인 후생경제 정책 실행의 과정을 이렇게 정의했다. </p> <ul><li>특정 재화에 대한 국민의 기수적 효용을 조사하고, 해당 효용 규모에 맞는 후생경제 제도를 마련한다.</li> <li>정기적인 외생적 요인이 발생하는 상황에서 경제적 이윤을 추구하기 위한 여러 가지 척도와 성장의 장기균형이 안정적인가를 조사한다.</li> <li>공공재는 빈곤한 소비주체에게 지속적으로 추가적 국민분배분을 제공한다.</li></ul> <p>하지만, 이때는 후생경제학의 영역이 거시경제 부분에서 정체되어있었고, 미시적인 측면에서 연구가 이뤄지지 않았다. 이런 상태에서 경제학자였던 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%A1%B4_%EB%A6%AC%EC%B2%98%EB%93%9C_%ED%9E%89%EC%8A%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="존 리처드 힉스 (없는 문서)">존 리처드 힉스</a>는 후생경제학의 미시경제적 이론도 정립했다. 그는 "후생경제학이란 낭비되는 자원, 그리고 이로인한 자원 분배의 비효율성에 따른 궁핍화에 대한 연구"가 후생경제학의 미시경제학적 측면이라고 설명했다. </p><p>후생경제학은 경제 현상을 전제로 나아가 발전된 <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%A4%EC%A6%9D%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="실증경제학">실증경제학</a>을 핵심 개념으로 하고있다. 이런 전제에서 이론을 전개하며, 사회의 최적에 해당하는 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C%ED%9B%84%EC%83%9D%ED%95%A8%EC%88%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="사회후생함수 (없는 문서)">사회후생함수</a>를 연구한다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="역사"><span id=".EC.97.AD.EC.82.AC"></span>역사</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9B%84%EC%83%9D%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 역사"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>사실 후생경제학과 유사한 경제학은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%84%9C_%EC%84%B8%EC%8B%A4_%ED%94%BC%EA%B5%AC" title="아서 세실 피구">아서 세실 피구</a>의 '후생경제학' 이전부터 존재하였다. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%A0%84%ED%8C%8C_%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="고전파 경제학">고전파 경제학</a>의 창시자 <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%A0%EB%8D%A4_%EC%8A%A4%EB%AF%B8%EC%8A%A4" title="애덤 스미스">애덤 스미스</a>는 원래, 경제 활동의 중심을 '생산력의 발달' 즉, 생산이론을 주축으로 발달시켰지만, <a href="/wiki/%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%EB%B9%84%EB%93%9C_%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EB%8F%84" title="데이비드 리카도">데이비드 리카도</a>는 경제 규모가 커짐에 따라, 시장 경제를 전제로 한 상태에서 생산활동의 발달이 만능이 아니라는 것을 설파하기 위해, '분배이론'을 최초로 제시했다. 또한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EB%B3%B8%EB%A1%A0" title="자본론">자본론</a>을 저작했던 독일의 정치경제학자 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%BC_%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4%ED%81%AC%EC%8A%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="칼 마르크스">칼 마르크스</a>는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8D%B0%EC%9D%B4%EB%B9%84%EB%93%9C_%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4%EB%8F%84" title="데이비드 리카도">데이비드 리카도</a>와 궁극적으로 유사하지만, 다른 논리로 '<a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%89%EC%97%AC%EA%B0%80%EC%B9%98%EC%84%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="잉여가치설">잉여가치설</a>' 그리고 그에 따른 '이윤율 저하 경향'을 설파하여, 시장이 만능이 아니라는 점을 주장했다. </p><p>위와 같은 논쟁이 진행된 이후 고전파 경제학 내부에서 시장이 모든 경제 활동의 절대적인 위치를 점한다는 관점에 대해 벗어나게 되었다. 고전파에 속했던 사상가인 <a href="/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EC%8A%A4%ED%8A%9C%EC%96%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EB%B0%80" title="존 스튜어트 밀">존 스튜어트 밀</a>은 이러한 근거를 들어서, 기존의 애덤 스미스 원류의 경제학을 비판하고, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%90%EB%B3%B8%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="자본주의">자본주의</a> 자체를 유지하는 것을 전제로, 정부가 적극적으로 시장에 개입해서 분배 정책을 써야한다고 자신의 저서 《정치경제학의 원리》에서 주장했다. 이런 밀의 주장은 당시 영국 사회에서 활발히 재생산되어, 영국 노동운동과 노동복지에 큰 도움이 되었다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="실용적_측면"><span id=".EC.8B.A4.EC.9A.A9.EC.A0.81_.EC.B8.A1.EB.A9.B4"></span>실용적 측면</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9B%84%EC%83%9D%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 실용적 측면"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>후생경제학을 현실 정책평가에 활용한다고 할 때, 그 사회의 소비, 생산 능력과 사회적 후생능력에 대한 척도, 그리고 경제적 보상변화점에 대한 선조사가 먼저 정확히 이루어져야한다. 그러나 사회적 후생이란 것은 각 개인의 주관적인 관점 또는 개념이어서 정확하게 또는 객관적으로 측정하기가 힘들다. 후생경제를 위한 증세 정책과 일대의 개혁 정책이 일반 대중계층, 경제주체에게 장기적으로 '개혁 효과'를 주거나, 아니면 그 반대로 예상치 못한 부작용이 나타나는가, 이러한 사회경제학적 의심과 불확실함은 후생경제학 이론을 현실에 그대로 대입하기 어려운 요인이 된다. </p><p>그러나 이러한 후생경제학 측면은 보상변화점과 정확한 사회적 후생 필요성의 측정 없이, 전 사회적으로 경제 불균형이 진행되면, 일련의 급진적인 정책들로 실행된다. 이러한 주기적인 후생경제학 정책 쓰임은 시간이 지날 수록, 경제 불균형이 상당수 진행된 사회에서 최적의 후생경제적 효율, 복리증진을 가져오기 위해 후생경제학의 이론이 지속적으로 발전해야 한다는 근거를 제시한다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="현대_사회의_후생경제학"><span id=".ED.98.84.EB.8C.80_.EC.82.AC.ED.9A.8C.EC.9D.98_.ED.9B.84.EC.83.9D.EA.B2.BD.EC.A0.9C.ED.95.99"></span>현대 사회의 후생경제학</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9B%84%EC%83%9D%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 현대 사회의 후생경제학"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4%ED%8B%B0%EC%95%84_%EC%BF%A0%EB%A7%88%EB%A5%B4_%EC%84%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="아마르티아 쿠마르 센">아마르티아 쿠마르 센</a>은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84" title="인도">인도</a> <a href="/wiki/%EC%BC%80%EB%9E%84%EB%9D%BC_%EC%A3%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="케랄라 주">케랄라 주</a>의 집권당인 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%9D%B8%EB%8F%84_%EC%A2%8C%ED%8C%8C%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A0%84%EC%84%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="인도 좌파민주전선 (없는 문서)">인도 좌파민주전선</a>의 경제 정책을 참고해서 현대적 후생경제학을 정립했다.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 그는 시장만능주의는 이미 환경 문제와 빈부격차 문제를 파생시켜, 경제학 관점에서, 이미 학문의 궁극적 목표에서 벗어났다고 비판했다. 그는 <a href="/wiki/20%EC%84%B8%EA%B8%B0" title="20세기">20세기</a>와 <a href="/wiki/21%EC%84%B8%EA%B8%B0" title="21세기">21세기</a>의 경제학, 그리고 산업 발전의 척도에 맞춰 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%99%98%EA%B2%BD%EC%84%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="환경세 (없는 문서)">환경세</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EA%B3%BC%EC%A0%90" class="mw-redirect" title="독과점">독과점</a> 규제, 재분배정책 등 여러 가지 후생경제적 정책들의 필요성을 천명했다. </p><p>이런 측면에서, <a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%AC%EC%A0%95%ED%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="재정학">재정학</a> 부문에서는 복리증진, 후생경제를 위한 수식, 조세구조, 최적의 지출함수가 확립되었고, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="경제학">경제학</a> 부문에서는 사중손실을 최소화하기 위한 여러 가지 개념들인 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%A0%88%ED%86%A0_%EC%B5%9C%EC%A0%81" title="파레토 최적">파레토 최적</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%A0%88%ED%86%A0_%EA%B0%9C%EC%84%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="파레토 개선">파레토 개선</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>이라는 개념도 제시되었다. 현대사회의 후생경제학은 기본적인 경제 성장을 끝마친 나라 중에서 무조건적인 GDP 성장이 1차적으로 그 국가 국민의 생활 수준 증진과는 상관없다는 전제 하에 이론을 전개하며, 성장에 따른 실질적인 생활 수준 향상을 위한 여러 가지 제도, 정책들을 제시한다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9B%84%EC%83%9D%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480479">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480595">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><b><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%AF%B8%EB%94%94%EC%96%B4_%EA%B3%B5%EC%9A%A9" title="위키미디어 공용">위키미디어 공용</a></b>에 관련된<br />미디어 분류가 있습니다.<div style="padding-left:1em;"><b><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Welfare_theory?uselang=ko">후생경제학</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EB%8B%88_%EA%B3%84%EC%88%98" title="지니 계수">지니 계수</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%EC%A0%81_%EC%9E%89%EC%97%AC" title="경제적 잉여">경제적 잉여</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EB%B9%84%EC%9E%90_%EC%9E%89%EC%97%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="소비자 잉여">소비자 잉여</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EC%82%B0%EC%9E%90_%EC%9E%89%EC%97%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="생산자 잉여">생산자 잉여</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EC%A4%91%EC%86%90%EC%8B%A4" title="사중손실">사중손실</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8C%8C%EB%A0%88%ED%86%A0_%EB%B6%84%EC%84%9D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="파레토 분석 (없는 문서)">파레토 분석</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%ED%9B%84%EC%83%9D%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99%EC%9D%98_%EA%B8%B0%EB%B3%B8_%EC%A0%95%EB%A6%AC" title="후생경제학의 기본 정리">후생경제학의 기본 정리</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%EB%AF%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="경제민주주의">경제민주주의</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="참고_문헌"><span id=".EC.B0.B8.EA.B3.A0_.EB.AC.B8.ED.97.8C"></span>참고 문헌</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9B%84%EC%83%9D%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 참고 문헌"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>《후생경제학》- 아서 세실 피구 저(이만우 역, 율곡출판사)</li> <li>《경제학의 향연》- 폴 크루그먼 저</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%9B%84%EC%83%9D%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99&action=edit&section=7" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/2001/01/09/stories/05092523.htm">센의 케랄라 모델</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">이 개념에 의하면, 어떠한 특정 분야 또는 표본집단에 대한 후생경제적 정책이 다른 경제 분야 또는 타 집단에 피해를 준다는 전제에서 벗어나야한다. 어디까지나 후생경제학은 생활수준의 모든 면이 한 쪽의 희생없이 발달하는 것을 목표로한다.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r36480591">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EC%A0%84%EA%B1%B0_%ED%86%B5%EC%A0%9C" title="위키백과:전거 통제">전거 통제</a>: 국가 <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851147#identifiers" title="위키데이터에서 편집하기"><img alt="위키데이터에서 편집하기" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Économie du bien-être"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119341628">프랑스</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Économie du bien-être"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119341628">BnF 데이터</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4066735-2">독일</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007553639905171">이스라엘</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="Welfare economics"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85146027">미국</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00566696">일본</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><abbr title="ekonomie blahobytu"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph119837&CON_LNG=ENG">체코</a></abbr></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KSH1998010934">한국</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">원본 주소 "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=후생경제학&oldid=36178919">https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=후생경제학&oldid=36178919</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98" title="특수:분류">분류</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98:%ED%9B%84%EC%83%9D%EA%B2%BD%EC%A0%9C%ED%95%99" title="분류:후생경제학">후생경제학</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">숨은 분류: <ul><li><a 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