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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" 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href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="کالومبورو، استرالیای غربی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کالومبورو، استرالیای غربی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A2%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Կալումբուրու – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կալումբուրու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalumburu" title="Kalumburu – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kalumburu" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalumburu" title="Kalumburu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kalumburu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Калумбуру – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Калумбуру" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Калумбуру – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Калумбуру" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1722740#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kalumburu,_Western_Australia" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kalumburu,_Western_Australia&params=14.295_S_126.642_E_type:city_region:AU-WA"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">14°17′42″S</span> <span class="longitude">126°38′31″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">14.295°S 126.642°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-14.295; 126.642</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalumburu&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalumburu">Kalumburu</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Community in Western Australia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr" style="font-size: 125%; line-height: 1.3em; background-color:#e9f9d2;"><span class="fn org locality">Kalumburu</span><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-size:88%" class="region"><a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:CSIRO_ScienceImage_10573_Aboriginal_health_8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/CSIRO_ScienceImage_10573_Aboriginal_health_8.jpg/270px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_10573_Aboriginal_health_8.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/CSIRO_ScienceImage_10573_Aboriginal_health_8.jpg/405px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_10573_Aboriginal_health_8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/CSIRO_ScienceImage_10573_Aboriginal_health_8.jpg/540px-CSIRO_ScienceImage_10573_Aboriginal_health_8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2657" data-file-height="1787" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The mission garden at Kalumburu</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:180px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:180px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:180px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Australia_Western_Australia_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kalumburu is located in Western Australia"><img alt="Kalumburu is located in Western Australia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Australia_Western_Australia_location_map.svg/180px-Australia_Western_Australia_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Australia_Western_Australia_location_map.svg/270px-Australia_Western_Australia_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Australia_Western_Australia_location_map.svg/360px-Australia_Western_Australia_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1205" data-file-height="1738" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:4.91%;left:83.188%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kalumburu"><img alt="Kalumburu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Kalumburu</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="12" data-overlays="["_f4dddf20aac9f9e774674557e481c667eb038ef5"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Kalumburu%2C_Western_Australia&revid=1281116966&groups=_f4dddf20aac9f9e774674557e481c667eb038ef5" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Kalumburu%2C_Western_Australia&revid=1281116966&groups=_f4dddf20aac9f9e774674557e481c667eb038ef5 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#e9f9d2;"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kalumburu,_Western_Australia&params=14.295_S_126.642_E_type:city_region:AU-WA"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">14°17′42″S</span> <span class="longitude">126°38′31″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">14.295°S 126.642°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-14.295; 126.642</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#e9f9d2;">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">388 (<abbr title="suburb and locality">SAL</abbr> <a href="/wiki/2021_Australian_census" title="2021 Australian census">2021</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#e9f9d2;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1937</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#e9f9d2;"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_Australia" title="Postcodes in Australia">Postcode(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6740</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#e9f9d2;">Elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">23 m (75 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#e9f9d2;">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">4.1 km<sup>2</sup> (1.6 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#e9f9d2;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_areas_of_Western_Australia" title="Local government areas of Western Australia">LGA(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Shire_of_Wyndham-East_Kimberley" class="mw-redirect" title="Shire of Wyndham-East Kimberley">Shire of Wyndham-East Kimberley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#e9f9d2;"><a href="/wiki/Electorates_of_the_Australian_states_and_territories" title="Electorates of the Australian states and territories">State electorate(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Kimberley" title="Electoral district of Kimberley">Kimberley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:40%; background-color:#e9f9d2;"><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_the_Australian_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Divisions of the Australian House of Representatives">Federal division(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Durack" title="Division of Durack">Durack</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; border: 1px #ddd solid;"> <tbody><tr class="mergedrow"> <td style="background-color:#f0f0ff;border: 1px #FFF solid; text-align:center; width:33%;"><b>Mean max temp</b></td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0ff;border: 1px #FFF solid; text-align:center; width:34%;"><b>Mean min temp</b></td> <td style="background-color:#f0f0ff;border: 1px #FFF solid; text-align:center; width:33%;"><b>Annual rainfall</b></td> </tr><tr style="border: 1px #FFF solid" class="mergedrow"> <td style="padding: 2px 0px; text-align:center; width:33%;"> 34.3 °C <br />94 °F</td> <td style="padding: 2px 0px; text-align:center; width:34%;">20.8 °C <br />69 °F</td> <td style="padding: 2px 0px; text-align:center; width:33%;">1,217.3 mm <br />47.9 in</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kalumburu</b> (postcode 6740) and <b>Kalumburu Community</b> (formerly <b>Drysdale River Mission</b>) are both bounded localities within the <a href="/wiki/Shire_of_Wyndham-East_Kimberley" class="mw-redirect" title="Shire of Wyndham-East Kimberley">Shire of Wyndham-East Kimberley</a> in <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a>. Kalumburu Community is the northernmost settlement in Western Australia. </p><p>According to the 2011 census, it has a population of 412 people<sup id="cite_ref-ABS_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ABS-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is inhabited mostly by <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Aboriginal people</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Wunambal_language" title="Wunambal language">Wunambal and Kwini</a> language groups. Kalumburu Community is remote from any main roads – the nearest is the <a href="/wiki/Gibb_River_Road" title="Gibb River Road">Gibb River Road</a>, 270 km to the south via the <a href="/wiki/Kalumburu_Road" title="Kalumburu Road">Kalumburu Road</a>. It was the site of a <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> airbase, which was attacked by <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese</a> planes in 1943. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalumburu,_Western_Australia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1905, the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Benedict" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Saint Benedict">Order of Saint Benedict</a> (OSB) decided to establish a mission near the <a href="/wiki/Drysdale_River" title="Drysdale River">Drysdale River</a>. The mission was established in 1908, 20 kilometres north-east of the present site, at Pago, near the southern end of Napier Broome Bay, by Benedictine <a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">monks</a> from <a href="/wiki/New_Norcia,_Western_Australia" title="New Norcia, Western Australia">New Norcia</a>. In 1937, water supply problems forced the missionaries to move to the present site at Kalumburu Pool, on the <a href="/wiki/King_Edward_River" title="King Edward River">King Edward River</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalumburu,_Western_Australia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the outbreak of World War II, the Australian government commissioned an airfield at the mission. After Japanese forces occupied the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> in 1942, Drysdale became a frontline <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="Royal Australian Air Force">Royal Australian Air Force</a> (RAAF) base, acting as a staging post for <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> squadrons based further south. The airfield was a refuelling and ammunition depot for the RAAF anti-submarine aircraft operating between Darwin and Fremantle. On 19 February, the mission provided assistance to the crew and passengers of the merchant vessel <i><a href="/wiki/Koolama" class="mw-redirect" title="Koolama">Koolama</a></i>, which had been attacked by Japanese planes. </p><p>In February 1943, Allied signals intelligence suggested that Japanese aircraft would be built up in <a href="/wiki/Timor" title="Timor">Timor</a> for attacks on Darwin. Eight <a href="/wiki/Beaufighter" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaufighter">Beaufighters</a> from <a href="/wiki/No._31_Squadron_RAAF" title="No. 31 Squadron RAAF">No. 31 Squadron RAAF</a> were despatched to Drysdale River, to prepare for a pre-emptive strike.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 28 February, it was confirmed that the enemy aircraft had arrived at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penfui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penfui (page does not exist)">Penfui</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Kupang" title="Kupang">Kupang</a>. An early morning strike destroyed 12 Japanese aircraft on the ground and damaged another 10. Two Beaufighters were damaged by Japanese fighter aircraft but returned to Drysdale River. </p><p>On 27 September 1943, the base and settlement were attacked by 21 Japanese <a href="/wiki/Kawasaki_Ki-48" title="Kawasaki Ki-48">Kawasaki Ki-48</a> bombers, based at Kupang, Timor, with a fighter escort. The Superior of the mission, Father Thomas Gil O.S.B, aged 45 years, and five Aboriginal people ranging from the age of 1 to 45 years were killed. This included a mother and son. All victims were buried together on mission grounds, the Aboriginal people on either side of Father Thomas, following the funeral at the damaged church. Many buildings at the mission were also destroyed or severely damaged during the raid. </p><p>In April 1944, <a href="/wiki/Flight_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight Lieutenant">Flt Lt</a> D. S. Askew, the commanding officer of <a href="/w/index.php?title=No._58_Operational_Base_Unit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="No. 58 Operational Base Unit (page does not exist)">No. 58 Operational Base Unit</a>, reported 367 aircraft movements during that month, the busiest period since operations had begun. He also wrote: "Approximately 250 operational hours were flown from Drysdale resulting in approximately 60,000 <a href="/wiki/Pound_(mass)" title="Pound (mass)">lb</a> of bombs being dropped on enemy territory".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The military significance of the airfield declined once <a href="/wiki/Mungalalu_Truscott_Airbase" title="Mungalalu Truscott Airbase">Truscott Airfield</a> was constructed, about 32 km (20 mi) north, in 1944. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-war">Post-war</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalumburu,_Western_Australia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Post-war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1951, Drysdale River Mission was officially renamed Kalumburu. Management of the community was later taken over by Kalumburu Aboriginal Corporation, on behalf of the Kalumburu Community Council. The community retains strong links with the OSB, including a priest and several Benedictine nuns.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medical_services">Medical services</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalumburu,_Western_Australia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Medical services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kalumburu is 568 km via a poor quality road to the nearest hospital. During the dry season, this takes about 12 hours. There is a small clinic staffed by two remote area nurses with a visiting doctor once per week. This community has been extensively studied and is the subject of publications in regards to Aboriginal health (e.g. trachoma and kidney disease). </p><p>In 2008 a new clinic was being built, in collaboration with the Australian Army and Western Australia Health. There is provision for a small <a href="/wiki/Kidney_dialysis" title="Kidney dialysis">dialysis</a> unit, although staffing and equipment are yet to be finalized. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Flying_Doctor_Service" title="Royal Flying Doctor Service">Royal Flying Doctor Service</a> land on the Kalumburu strip to the north of the town. There is also the old <a href="/wiki/Mungalalu_Truscott_Airbase" title="Mungalalu Truscott Airbase">Truscott Airbase</a> which can be used in cases of emergency. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalumburu,_Western_Australia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/2021_Australian_census" title="2021 Australian census">2021 census</a> of Population, there were 388 people in Kalumburu. </p> <ul><li>Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 88.4% of the population.</li> <li>92.3% of people were born in Australia and 81.2% of people spoke only English at home.</li> <li>The most common response for religion was Catholic at 83.8%.</li> <li>10.6% of people stated that they finished year 12, with 14.4% of people stating they had finished school at a year 9 level or below.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Town_planning">Town planning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalumburu,_Western_Australia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Town planning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kalumburu Layout Plan No.2 was prepared in accordance with State Planning Policy 3.2 Aboriginal Settlements. Layout Plan No.2 was endorsed by the community in 2004 and the <a href="/wiki/Western_Australian_Planning_Commission" title="Western Australian Planning Commission">Western Australian Planning Commission</a> in 2005. The layout plan map-set and background report can be viewed at Planning Western Australia's website.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalumburu,_Western_Australia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen–Geiger climate classification system</a> classifies its climate as <a href="/wiki/Tropical_savanna_climate" title="Tropical savanna climate">tropical savanna</a> (<i>Aw</i>) with very hot daytime temperatures year round and cool winter nighttime temperatures. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Kalumburu </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF0800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.3<br />(104.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF0B00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.8<br />(103.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF0900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.1<br />(104.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.2<br />(104.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.0<br />(102.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.3<br />(99.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.3<br />(100.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.6<br />(103.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.4<br />(106.5) </td> <td style="background: #E40000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.4<br />(110.1) </td> <td style="background: #F60000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.1<br />(107.8) </td> <td style="background: #EB0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.9<br />(109.2) </td> <td style="background: #E40000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">43.4<br />(110.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.1<br />(93.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.7<br />(92.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.1<br />(93.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.9<br />(94.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6<br />(92.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4<br />(90.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.9<br />(93.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.0<br />(96.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.2<br />(99.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.3<br />(99.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.7<br />(96.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">34.6<br />(94.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7<br />(76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB973; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.6<br />(58.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9<br />(58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5<br />(40.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4<br />(47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7<br />(58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">4.5<br />(40.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">347.2<br />(13.67) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">290.6<br />(11.44) </td> <td style="background: #00CB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">205.8<br />(8.10) </td> <td style="background: #BFFFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.0<br />(1.61) </td> <td style="background: #E9FFE9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7<br />(0.58) </td> <td style="background: #FBFFFB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1<br />(0.08) </td> <td style="background: #FCFFFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4<br />(0.06) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(0.01) </td> <td style="background: #FBFFFB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1<br />(0.08) </td> <td style="background: #CCFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6<br />(1.32) </td> <td style="background: #80FF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.1<br />(3.23) </td> <td style="background: #00A900; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">228.2<br />(8.98) </td> <td style="background: #61FF61; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,248.7<br />(49.16) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #0808FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">20.0 </td> <td style="background: #0B0BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.0 </td> <td style="background: #4242FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.3 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7 </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0 </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 </td> <td style="background: #3D3DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.7 </td> <td style="background: #9D9DFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">92.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average afternoon <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #4343FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">49 </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33 </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29 </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30 </td> <td style="background: #6969FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45 </td> <td style="background: #3B3BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">51 </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">60 </td> <td style="background: #4B4BFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">47 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalumburu,_Western_Australia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAustralian_Bureau_of_Statistics2022" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Australian Bureau of Statistics">Australian Bureau of Statistics</a> (28 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/SAL50716">"Kalumburu (suburb and locality)"</a>. <i>Australian Census 2021 QuickStats</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Census+2021+QuickStats&rft.atitle=Kalumburu+%28suburb+and+locality%29&rft.date=2022-06-28&rft.au=Australian+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs.gov.au%2Fcensus%2Ffind-census-data%2Fquickstats%2F2021%2FSAL50716&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalumburu%2C+Western+Australia" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1722740#Q1722740$86772FD9-D617-45A4-9312-50096B9AB23D" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAustralian_Bureau_of_Statistics2022" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Australian Bureau of Statistics">Australian Bureau of Statistics</a> (28 June 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/UCL522032">"Kalumburu (suburb and locality)"</a>. <i>Australian Census 2021</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Census+2021&rft.atitle=Kalumburu+%28suburb+and+locality%29&rft.date=2022-06-28&rft.au=Australian+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs.gov.au%2Fcensus%2Ffind-census-data%2Fquickstats%2F2021%2FUCL522032&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalumburu%2C+Western+Australia" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1722740#Q1722740$86772FD9-D617-45A4-9312-50096B9AB23D" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABS-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ABS_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAustralian_Bureau_of_Statistics2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Australian Bureau of Statistics">Australian Bureau of Statistics</a> (27 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2016/UCL522030">"Kalumburu (L) (Urban Centre/Locality)"</a>. <i>2016 Census QuickStats</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2016+Census+QuickStats&rft.atitle=Kalumburu+%28L%29+%28Urban+Centre%2FLocality%29&rft.date=2017-06-27&rft.au=Australian+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs.gov.au%2Fcensus%2Ffind-census-data%2Fquickstats%2F2016%2FUCL522030&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalumburu%2C+Western+Australia" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1722740#P4093" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CC_BY_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CC_BY_icon.svg/50px-CC_BY_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CC_BY_icon.svg/75px-CC_BY_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/CC_BY_icon.svg/100px-CC_BY_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="88" data-file-height="31" /></a></span> Material was copied from this source, which is available under a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110930154752/http://www.aussieheritage.com.au/listings/wa/Kalumburu/KalumburuAirfield/20706">"Kalumburu Airfield, Kalumburu"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aussieheritage.com.au/listings/wa/Kalumburu/KalumburuAirfield/20706">the original</a> on 30 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kalumburu+Airfield%2C+Kalumburu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aussieheritage.com.au%2Flistings%2Fwa%2FKalumburu%2FKalumburuAirfield%2F20706&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalumburu%2C+Western+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060821012044/http://peoplesvoice.gov.au/stories/wa/kalumburu/kalumburu_w.htm">"People's Voice"</a>. <i>peoplesvoice.gov.au</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://peoplesvoice.gov.au/stories/wa/kalumburu/kalumburu_w.htm">the original</a> on 21 August 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=peoplesvoice.gov.au&rft.atitle=People%27s+Voice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeoplesvoice.gov.au%2Fstories%2Fwa%2Fkalumburu%2Fkalumburu_w.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalumburu%2C+Western+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/local/audio/2011/08/17/3295355.htm">Father Anscar McPhee publishes a book for Kalumburu heroes</a> ABC Kimberley radio, 17 August 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/UCL522032">"2021 Kalumburu (L), Census All persons QuickStats | Australian Bureau of Statistics"</a>. <i>www.abs.gov.au</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.abs.gov.au&rft.atitle=2021+Kalumburu+%28L%29%2C+Census+All+persons+QuickStats+%7C+Australian+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abs.gov.au%2Fcensus%2Ffind-census-data%2Fquickstats%2F2021%2FUCL522032&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalumburu%2C+Western+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dplh.wa.gov.au/information-and-services/state-planning/aboriginal-communities/aboriginal-community-maps/layout-plans">"Layout plans"</a>. Department of Planning, Lands and Heritage. 20 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Layout+plans&rft.pub=Department+of+Planning%2C+Lands+and+Heritage&rft.date=2020-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dplh.wa.gov.au%2Finformation-and-services%2Fstate-planning%2Faboriginal-communities%2Faboriginal-community-maps%2Flayout-plans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalumburu%2C+Western+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_001019_All.shtml">"Climate statistics for Australian locations-Kalumburu"</a>. BOM.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+statistics+for+Australian+locations-Kalumburu&rft.pub=BOM&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bom.gov.au%2Fclimate%2Faverages%2Ftables%2Fcw_001019_All.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalumburu%2C+Western+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalumburu,_Western_Australia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Choo, Christine.(2001) <i>Mission girls : Aboriginal women on Catholic missions in the Kimberley, Western Australia 1900-1950</i> Nedlands, W. A. : University of W.A. Press, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-876268-55-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-876268-55-7">1-876268-55-7</a></li> <li>Peet, L. (1995). "Monks at War: Interpretations of the Kalumburu War Diary, 1942-1945." New Norcia Studies July 1995(3): 39–53.</li> <li>Peet, L. (2008). "A Very Convenient Location: Kalumburu Mission During World War II." New Norcia Studies September 2008(16): 4-10.</li> <li>Perez, E. (1958). Kalumburu "Formerly Drysdale River" Benedictine Mission North-Western Australia: A Golden Jubilee Publication (1908–1958). New Norcia, Service Printing Co Pty Ltd for Abbey Press:</li> <li>Perez, E. (1977). Kalumburu The Benedictine Mission and the Aborigines 1908 - 1975: The History of Kalumburu Mission in North Western Australia Kalumburu, Kalumburu Benedictine Mission:</li> <li>Perez, E. (1981). Kalumburu War Diary R. Pratt and J. Millington. 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cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.eqiad.main-58c4b96c94-qrbk6","wgBackendResponseTime":178,"wgKartographerLiveData":{"_f4dddf20aac9f9e774674557e481c667eb038ef5":[{"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","url":"https://maps.wikimedia.org/geoshape?getgeojson=1\u0026ids=Q1722740","properties":{"title":"Kalumburu, Western 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