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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko" class=""><span>기부</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EB%83%89%EB%8C%80+%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다" class=""><span>계정 만들기</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EB%83%89%EB%8C%80+%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>로그인</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="더 많은 옵션" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="개인 도구" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">개인 도구</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="사용자 메뉴" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ko.wikipedia.org&uselang=ko"><span>기부</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EA%B3%84%EC%A0%95%EB%A7%8C%EB%93%A4%EA%B8%B0&returnto=%EB%83%89%EB%8C%80+%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="계정을 만들고 로그인하는 것이 좋습니다. 하지만 필수는 아닙니다"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>계정 만들기</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EC%9D%B8&returnto=%EB%83%89%EB%8C%80+%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="위키백과에 로그인하면 여러가지 편리한 기능을 사용할 수 있습니다. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>로그인</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 로그아웃한 편집자를 위한 문서 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%EC%86%8C%EA%B0%9C" aria-label="편집에 관해 더 알아보기"><span>더 알아보기</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EA%B8%B0%EC%97%AC" title="이 IP 주소의 편집 목록 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>기여</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EB%82%B4%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%EC%9E%90%ED%86%A0%EB%A1%A0" title="현재 사용하는 IP 주소에 대한 토론 문서 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>토론</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="사이트"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="목차" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">목차</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">사이드바로 이동</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">숨기기</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">처음 위치</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-정의" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#정의"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>정의</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-정의-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-기후구" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#기후구"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>기후구</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-기후구-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>기후구 하위섹션 토글하기</span> </button> <ul id="toc-기후구-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-쾨펜" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#쾨펜"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>쾨펜</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-쾨펜-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-트러타" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#트러타"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>트러타</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-트러타-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-특징" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#특징"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>특징</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-특징-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-분포_지역" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#분포_지역"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>분포 지역</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-분포_지역-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-식생과_토양" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#식생과_토양"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>식생과 토양</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-식생과_토양-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-주요_농작물" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#주요_농작물"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>주요 농작물</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-주요_농작물-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-같이_보기" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#같이_보기"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>같이 보기</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-같이_보기-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-각주" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#각주"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>각주</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-각주-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-참고_문헌" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#참고_문헌"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>참고 문헌</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-참고_문헌-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="목차" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="목차 토글" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">목차 토글</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">냉대 기후</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="다른 언어로 문서를 방문합니다. 30개 언어로 읽을 수 있습니다" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30개 언어</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81" title="Субарктычны пояс – 벨라루스어" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Субарктычны пояс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="벨라루스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AA-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2" title="উপ-সুমেরু অঞ্চল – 벵골어" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উপ-সুমেরু অঞ্চল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="벵골어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub%C3%A0rtic" title="Subàrtic – 카탈로니아어" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Subàrtic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="카탈로니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subarktis" title="Subarktis – 덴마크어" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Subarktis" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="덴마크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Υποαρκτική – 그리스어" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Υποαρκτική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="그리스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subarctic" title="Subarctic – 영어" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Subarctic" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="영어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88earkto" title="Ĉearkto – 에스페란토어" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉearkto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="에스페란토어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub%C3%A1rtico" title="Subártico – 스페인어" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Subártico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="스페인어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A4his-Arktika" title="Lähis-Arktika – 에스토니아어" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lähis-Arktika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="에스토니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azpiartiko" title="Azpiartiko – 바스크어" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Azpiartiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="바스크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="جنب‌شمالگان – 페르시아어" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنب‌شمالگان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="페르시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala-arktinen" title="Ala-arktinen – 핀란드어" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ala-arktinen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="핀란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9gion_subarctique" title="Région subarctique – 프랑스어" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Région subarctique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="프랑스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subarktis" title="Subarktis – 서부 프리지아어" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Subarktis" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="서부 프리지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fo-arctagh" title="Fo-arctagh – 맹크스어" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Fo-arctagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="맹크스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="उपार्कटिक – 힌디어" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उपार्कटिक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="힌디어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B1%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%AB" title="Մերձարկտիկական գոտի – 아르메니아어" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մերձարկտիկական գոտի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="아르메니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subarktika" title="Subarktika – 인도네시아어" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Subarktika" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="인도네시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9C%E5%AF%92%E5%B8%AF" title="亜寒帯 – 일본어" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="亜寒帯" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="일본어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A7%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="სუბარქტიკული სარტყელი – 조지아어" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სუბარქტიკული სარტყელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="조지아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%83" title="Субарктикалық белдеу – 카자흐어" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Субарктикалық белдеу" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="카자흐어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8B" title="Субарктика алкагы – 키르기스어" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Субарктика алкагы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="키르기스어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Субарктичка зона – 마케도니아어" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Субарктичка зона" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="마케도니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subarctis" title="Subarctis – 네덜란드어" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Subarctis" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="네덜란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subarktyka" title="Subarktyka – 폴란드어" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Subarktyka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="폴란드어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona_subarctic%C4%83" title="Zona subarctică – 루마니아어" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Zona subarctică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="루마니아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81" title="Субарктический пояс – 러시아어" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Субарктический пояс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="러시아어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81" title="Субполярний кліматичний пояс – 우크라이나어" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Субполярний кліматичний пояс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="우크라이나어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subarktika_mintaqasi" title="Subarktika mintaqasi – 우즈베크어" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Subarktika mintaqasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="우즈베크어" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E5%8C%97%E6%A5%B5%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="副北極地區 – 광둥어" lang="yue" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ko" dir="ltr"><p><span class="nowrap"></span> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Larix_laricina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Larix_laricina.jpg/220px-Larix_laricina.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Larix_laricina.jpg/330px-Larix_laricina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Larix_laricina.jpg/440px-Larix_laricina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%EC%BA%90%EB%82%98%EB%8B%A4" title="캐나다">캐나다</a>의 냉대 기후 지역의 침엽수림</figcaption></figure> <p><b>냉대 기후</b>(冷帶氣候) 또는 <b>아한대 기후</b>(亞寒帶氣候)는 중위도 지역 북부와 고위도 지역에서 발달하는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%BE%A8%ED%8E%9C%EC%9D%98_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EA%B5%AC%EB%B6%84" title="쾨펜의 기후 구분">쾨펜의 기후구분</a>의 기후대 중 하나이다. 기호는 D로 저위도부터 4번째에 위치함을 나타낸다. </p><p>플론의 기후구분에서는 냉대(기호:6)와 아한대(기호:6a)는 구별된다. 플론의 기후구분의 경우, 냉대(6)는 쾨펜의 기후구분의 <a href="/wiki/%ED%88%B0%EB%93%9C%EB%9D%BC_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="툰드라 기후">툰드라 기후</a>(ET)에 상응하며, 아한대(6a)는 쾨펜의 기후구분의 아한대·냉대와 일치한다.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="정의"><span id=".EC.A0.95.EC.9D.98"></span>정의</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%83%89%EB%8C%80_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84&action=edit&section=1" title="부분 편집: 정의"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>최한월의 평균 기온이 -3℃ 미만일 것(겨울철 내린 눈이 봄까지 녹지 않을 것).</li> <li>최난월의 평균 기온이 10℃ 이상일 것(수목이 자랄 수 있을 것).</li> <li>연평균 강수량이 <a href="/wiki/%EC%BE%A8%ED%8E%9C%EC%9D%98_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EA%B5%AC%EB%B6%84" title="쾨펜의 기후 구분">건조 한계</a> 이상일 것.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="기후구"><span id=".EA.B8.B0.ED.9B.84.EA.B5.AC"></span>기후구</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%83%89%EB%8C%80_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84&action=edit&section=2" title="부분 편집: 기후구"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="쾨펜"><span id=".EC.BE.A8.ED.8E.9C"></span>쾨펜</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%83%89%EB%8C%80_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84&action=edit&section=3" title="부분 편집: 쾨펜"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>'<a href="/wiki/%EC%BE%A8%ED%8E%9C%EC%9D%98_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EA%B5%AC%EB%B6%84" title="쾨펜의 기후 구분">쾨펜의 기후구분</a>'도 참조</i> <a href="/wiki/%EC%BE%A8%ED%8E%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="쾨펜">쾨펜</a>은 비가 많이 오는 계절에 따라 3개의 기후로 구분하고, 여름 기온에 따라 각각 4가지로 분류하였다. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%83%89%EB%8C%80_%EC%8A%B5%EC%9C%A4_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="냉대 습윤 기후">냉대 습윤 기후</a> (Dfa,Dfb,Dfc,Dfd)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%83%89%EB%8C%80_%EB%8F%99%EA%B3%84_%EC%86%8C%EC%9A%B0_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="냉대 동계 소우 기후">냉대 동계 소우 기후</a> (Dwa,Dwb,Dwc,Dwd)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%A7%80_%EC%A7%80%EC%A4%91%ED%95%B4%EC%84%B1_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="고지 지중해성 기후">고지 지중해성 기후</a> (Dsa,Dsb,Dsc,Dsd)</li></ul> <p>f는 습윤(feucht), w는 겨울에 건조(wintertrocken), s는 여름에 건조(sommertrocken)의 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC%EC%96%B4" title="독일어">독일어</a> 약자이다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="트러타"><span id=".ED.8A.B8.EB.9F.AC.ED.83.80"></span>트러타</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%83%89%EB%8C%80_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84&action=edit&section=4" title="부분 편집: 트러타"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>트러타(Trewartha)는 쾨펜이 하위 구분으로 사용한 여름 기온에 따라 4개 기후구로 나누었다. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%B5%EC%9C%A4_%EB%8C%80%EB%A5%99%EC%84%B1_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="습윤 대륙성 기후">습윤 대륙성 기후</a> (Dfa,Dwa,Dsa,Dfb,Dwb,Dsb)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%95%9C%EB%8C%80_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" class="mw-redirect" title="아한대 기후">아한대 기후</a> (Dfc,Dwc,Dsc,Dfd,Dwd,Dsd) ⇒북반구의 한극(寒極, 지구상에서 가장 추운 지점)이 있다.</li></ul> <p>겨울이 길고 춥지만, 사계절의 변화를 보이고 식물의 생육기간이 길어서 농목업이 가능한 혼합림형(Da,Db)과 짧은 여름과 혼합림형보다 더 길고 추위가 심한 겨울로 인해 <a href="/wiki/%ED%9D%99" title="흙">토양</a>이 메말라 농업에 적합하지 않은 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EC%B9%A8%EC%97%BD%EC%88%98%EB%A6%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="침엽수림 (없는 문서)">침엽수림</a>형(Dc,Dd)로 구분된다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="특징"><span id=".ED.8A.B9.EC.A7.95"></span>특징</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%83%89%EB%8C%80_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84&action=edit&section=5" title="부분 편집: 특징"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>온대 기후에 비해 겨울이 상대적으로 더 춥고 혹독하다. 온대 기후에서는 아무리 추워도 영하로 거의 내려가지 않지만, 냉대기후는 겨울에 영하로 내려간다. 그렇기 때문에 눈이 내리고 얼음이 언다. </p><p>온도를 기준으로 보면 최한월 영하 3c° 이하 영하 35c° 이상의 기후대를 의미한다. 대신 최난월 기후는 영상 10c° 이상으로 올라가, 여름에는 상당히 더운 경우가 있다. 한대 기후와는 달리 특정 시기에만 혹한이 찾아온다. </p><p>수림(樹林) 기후 중에서는 한란(寒暖)의 차이가 가장 큰 기후이다.(연교차가 크다.) <a href="/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%B2%A0%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84" title="시베리아">시베리아</a> 동부 내륙 지역 등에서는 여름에는 덥고 겨울에는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%99%EC%84%A4_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="빙설 기후">빙설 기후</a>와 비슷하거나 그 이상의 추위가 나타나는 때가 있어 세계적인 연교차를 이루고 있다. </p><p>수목의 생육 및 여름철 농업이 가능하기 때문에 한대기후에 비하면 많은 인간이 거주한다. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%EB%86%8D%EC%97%85" title="농업">농업</a>·<a href="/wiki/%EC%9E%84%EC%97%85" title="임업">임업</a>·<a href="/wiki/%EC%B6%95%EC%82%B0%EC%97%85" class="mw-redirect" title="축산업">축산업</a>과 같은 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EC%97%85" title="산업">산업</a> 외에 근대 이후 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8B%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%B4%EB%8F%84" title="홋카이도">홋카이도</a>, 유럽 동부나 <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD" title="미국">미국</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EC%BA%90%EB%82%98%EB%8B%A4" title="캐나다">캐나다</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EA%B2%BD" title="국경">국경</a> 부근에는 고도의 산업 집적이 이루어져 많은 도시가 있다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="분포_지역"><span id=".EB.B6.84.ED.8F.AC_.EC.A7.80.EC.97.AD"></span>분포 지역</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%83%89%EB%8C%80_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84&action=edit&section=6" title="부분 편집: 분포 지역"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8" title="몽골">몽골</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EC%A4%91%ED%99%94%EC%9D%B8%EB%AF%BC%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="중화인민공화국">중화인민공화국</a> 북동부, 한반도 중부 및 북부, 일본 <a href="/wiki/%ED%99%8B%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%B4%EB%8F%84" title="홋카이도">홋카이도</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EB%9F%AC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84" title="러시아">러시아</a> 대부분, <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%85%EC%9D%BC" title="독일">독일</a> 동부부터 <a href="/wiki/%EB%8F%99%EC%9C%A0%EB%9F%BD" title="동유럽">동유럽</a>까지, <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%8C%ED%94%84%EC%8A%A4%EC%82%B0%EB%A7%A5" title="알프스산맥">알프스산맥</a> 주변, <a href="/wiki/%EC%BA%85%EC%B9%B4%EC%8A%A4%EC%82%B0%EB%A7%A5" title="캅카스산맥">캅카스산맥</a> 주변, <a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%B9%B8%EB%94%94%EB%82%98%EB%B9%84%EC%95%84_%EB%B0%98%EB%8F%84" class="mw-redirect" title="스칸디나비아 반도">스칸디나비아 반도</a>의 국가들, 발트해 연안 국가들, <a href="/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD" title="미국">미국</a> 북부에서 <a href="/wiki/%EC%BA%90%EB%82%98%EB%8B%A4" title="캐나다">캐나다</a>에 걸친 지역 등 주로 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9C%A0%EB%9D%BC%EC%8B%9C%EC%95%84" title="유라시아">유라시아</a>와 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B6%81%EC%95%84%EB%A9%94%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4" title="북아메리카">북아메리카</a>의 대략 위도 40° 이상(대륙 서안에서는 50-60° 이상)의 고위도 지역이나 고고도 지역에 비교적 넓게 분포한다. <a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%AC%EB%9E%80%EB%93%9C" title="아이슬란드">아이슬란드</a> 남부나 <a href="/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8" title="일본">일본</a> 북부는 몇 안 되는 냉대에 속하는 섬나라다('섬'이라면 캐나다 동쪽 끝의 <a href="/wiki/%EC%BC%80%EC%9D%B4%ED%94%84_%EB%B8%8C%EB%A0%88%ED%8A%BC_%EC%84%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="케이프 브레튼 섬">케이프 브레턴섬</a>이나 <a href="/wiki/%EB%89%B4%ED%8E%80%EB%93%A4%EB%9E%9C%EB%93%9C_%EC%84%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="뉴펀들랜드 섬">뉴펀들랜드섬</a>도 이 기후대에 속한다). 남반구에서는 이 위도에 육지가 적고 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EC%95%84%EB%A9%94%EB%A6%AC%EC%B9%B4" title="남아메리카">남아메리카</a> 남쪽 끝의 <a href="/wiki/%ED%91%B8%EC%97%90%EA%B3%A0_%EC%84%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="푸에고 섬">푸에고섬</a> 등 몇 안 되는 육지에서는 연교차가 작은 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%B4%EC%96%91%EC%84%B1_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" class="mw-redirect" title="해양성 기후">해양성 기후</a>가 되어 오히려 여름 기온에서, 즉 최한월 평균 기온이 영하 3℃ 미만이 되지 않고 최난월 평균 기온이 10℃ 이상이냐 미만이냐에 따라 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EB%8C%80" title="온대">온대</a>인지 <a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EB%8C%80_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="한대 기후">한대</a>인지 구분되기 때문에 육상에 냉대가 나타나는 것은 북반구뿐이다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="식생과_토양"><span id=".EC.8B.9D.EC.83.9D.EA.B3.BC_.ED.86.A0.EC.96.91"></span>식생과 토양</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%83%89%EB%8C%80_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84&action=edit&section=7" title="부분 편집: 식생과 토양"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>트러타에 의한 세분에 따라 냉대 지역의 식생과 토양을 구분하여 설명할 수 있다.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%B5%EC%9C%A4_%EB%8C%80%EB%A5%99%EC%84%B1_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="습윤 대륙성 기후">습윤 대륙성 기후</a>(Da, Db)에 속하는 지역(주로 남부)에서는 침엽수림과 활엽수림의 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%ED%98%BC%ED%95%A9%EB%A6%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="혼합림 (없는 문서)">혼합림</a>이 펼쳐져 비옥한 <a href="/w/index.php?title=%EA%B0%88%EC%83%89_%EC%82%BC%EB%A6%BC%ED%86%A0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="갈색 삼림토 (없는 문서)">갈색 삼림토</a>가 분포하고 있다.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%95%9C%EB%8C%80_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" class="mw-redirect" title="아한대 기후">아한대 기후</a>(Dc, Dd)에 속하는 지역(주로 북부)에서는 <a href="/wiki/%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4%EA%B0%80" title="타이가">타이가</a>라는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%B9%A8%EC%97%BD%EC%88%98" class="mw-redirect" title="침엽수">침엽수</a> 단순림(단일 수종이 대부분을 차지하는 삼림)이 형성되어 한랭한 기후 때문에 유기물 분해가 진행되지 않고 용탈작용에 의해 <a href="/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EC%84%B1" class="mw-disambig" title="산성">산성</a>의 <a href="/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EB%93%9C%EC%A1%B8" title="포드졸">포졸</a>이라는 척박한 회백색 흙이 대부분을 차지한다. 지하에는 일 년 내내 얼어 있는 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%81%EA%B5%AC%EB%8F%99%ED%86%A0" title="영구동토">영구동토</a>가 펼쳐진다. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84_%EB%B3%80%ED%99%94" class="mw-redirect" title="기후 변화">지구 온난화</a>의 진행과 함께 영구 동토가 녹아 갇혀 있던 유기물이 분해되어 강력한 <a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EC%8B%A4_%ED%9A%A8%EA%B3%BC" title="온실 효과">온실 효과</a> 물질인 <a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%94%ED%85%8C%EC%9D%B8" title="메테인">메탄</a>이 되어 대기 중으로 방출되는 악순환이 형성된 것으로 보고되고 있다.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="주요_농작물"><span id=".EC.A3.BC.EC.9A.94_.EB.86.8D.EC.9E.91.EB.AC.BC"></span>주요 농작물</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%83%89%EB%8C%80_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84&action=edit&section=8" title="부분 편집: 주요 농작물"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>봄<a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%80" title="밀">밀</a>, <a href="/wiki/%ED%98%B8%EB%B0%80" title="호밀">호밀</a>, <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%90%EC%9E%90" title="감자">감자</a> 등. </p><p>땅이 메말라 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A1%EB%AC%BC" title="곡물">곡물</a> 생산 등 농작물 재배에 적합하지 않거나 월평균 기온이 10℃ 이상인 상태가 3개월 이하(Dc, Dd 기후) 지속되는 지역에서는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B0%A9%EB%AA%A9" title="방목">방목</a>과 <a href="/wiki/%EB%82%99%EB%86%8D" title="낙농">낙농</a>이 이뤄진다. 지역에 따라서는 서늘한 기후에 강한 <a href="/wiki/%EA%B0%90%EC%9E%90" title="감자">감자</a>·<a href="/wiki/%ED%98%B8%EB%B0%80" title="호밀">호밀</a>·<a href="/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EB%B0%80" title="메밀">메밀</a> 등이 재배되기도 한다. 홋카이도와 중국 동북부 등 비교적 저위도에서 여름철 따뜻하고 습윤한 지역에서는 <a href="/wiki/%EB%B2%BC%EB%86%8D%EC%82%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="벼농사">벼농사</a>도 이루어지고 있다. </p><p>낙농은 주로 큰 소비 지역과 가까운 지역, 방목은 그렇지 않은 지역에서 이루어지고 있다. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="같이_보기"><span id=".EA.B0.99.EC.9D.B4_.EB.B3.B4.EA.B8.B0"></span>같이 보기</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%83%89%EB%8C%80_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84&action=edit&section=9" title="부분 편집: 같이 보기"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%83%89%EB%8C%80_%EC%8A%B5%EC%9C%A4_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="냉대 습윤 기후">냉대 습윤 기후</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%83%89%EB%8C%80_%EB%8F%99%EA%B3%84_%EC%86%8C%EC%9A%B0_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="냉대 동계 소우 기후">냉대 동계 소우 기후</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%A7%80_%EC%A7%80%EC%A4%91%ED%95%B4%EC%84%B1_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="고지 지중해성 기후">고지 지중해성 기후</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%B5%EC%9C%A4_%EB%8C%80%EB%A5%99%EC%84%B1_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="습윤 대륙성 기후">습윤 대륙성 기후</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EA%B7%B9_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="아극 기후">아극 기후</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="각주"><span id=".EA.B0.81.EC.A3.BC"></span>각주</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%83%89%EB%8C%80_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84&action=edit&section=10" title="부분 편집: 각주"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREF矢澤1989">矢澤 1989</a>, 306–7쪽<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> 괄호 없는 하버드 인용 error: 대상 없음: CITEREF矢澤1989 (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" class="extiw" title="en:Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="참고_문헌"><span id=".EC.B0.B8.EA.B3.A0_.EB.AC.B8.ED.97.8C"></span>참고 문헌</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%EB%83%89%EB%8C%80_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84&action=edit&section=11" title="부분 편집: 참고 문헌"><span>편집</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREF矢澤1989" class="citation book">矢澤, 大二 (1989년 11월 20일). 《『気候地域論考―その思潮と展開―』》. 古今書院. <a href="/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EC%A0%9C_%ED%91%9C%EC%A4%80_%EB%8F%84%EC%84%9C_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="국제 표준 도서 번호">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98:%EC%B1%85%EC%B0%BE%EA%B8%B0/4-7722-1113-6" title="특수:책찾기/4-7722-1113-6"><bdi>4-7722-1113-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EB%8C%80_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="열대 기후">열대 기후</a> A</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EB%8C%80_%EC%9A%B0%EB%A6%BC_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="열대 우림 기후">열대 우림</a>(Af)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EB%8C%80_%EB%AA%AC%EC%88%9C_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="열대 몬순 기후">열대 몬순</a>(Am)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%B0%94%EB%82%98_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="사바나 기후">사바나</a>(Aw)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EB%8C%80_%ED%95%98%EA%B3%84_%EC%86%8C%EC%9A%B0_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="열대 하계 소우 기후">열대 하계 소우</a>(As)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EA%B1%B4%EC%A1%B0_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="건조 기후">건조 기후</a> B</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%9D_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="스텝 기후">스텝</a>(BS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%A7%89_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="사막 기후">사막</a>(BW)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EB%8C%80" title="온대">온대 기후</a> C</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EB%82%9C_%EC%8A%B5%EC%9C%A4_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="온난 습윤 기후">온난 습윤</a>(Cfa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%84%9C%EC%95%88_%ED%95%B4%EC%96%91%EC%84%B1_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="서안 해양성 기후">서안 해양성</a>(Cfb, Cfc)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%98%A8%EB%8C%80_%ED%95%98%EC%9A%B0_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="온대 하우 기후">온대 하우</a>(Cw)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EC%A4%91%ED%95%B4%EC%84%B1_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="지중해성 기후">지중해성</a>(Cs)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">냉대 기후</a> D</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%EB%83%89%EB%8C%80_%EC%8A%B5%EC%9C%A4_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="냉대 습윤 기후">냉대 습윤</a>(Df)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%83%89%EB%8C%80_%EB%8F%99%EA%B3%84_%EC%86%8C%EC%9A%B0_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="냉대 동계 소우 기후">냉대 동계 소우</a>(Dw)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%A7%80_%EC%A7%80%EC%A4%91%ED%95%B4%EC%84%B1_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="고지 지중해성 기후">고지 지중해성</a>(Ds)<br /><a href="/wiki/%EC%8A%B5%EC%9C%A4_%EB%8C%80%EB%A5%99%EC%84%B1_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="습윤 대륙성 기후">습윤 대륙성</a>(Dfa, Dwa, Dsa, Dfb, Dwb, Dsb)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EC%95%84%EA%B7%B9_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="아극 기후">아극</a>(Dfc, Dwc, Dsc, Dfd, Dwd, Dsd)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%ED%95%9C%EB%8C%80_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="한대 기후">한대 기후</a> E</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%ED%88%B0%EB%93%9C%EB%9D%BC_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="툰드라 기후">툰드라</a>(ET)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%EB%B9%99%EC%84%A4_%EA%B8%B0%ED%9B%84" title="빙설 기후">빙설</a>(EF)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="notice metadata plainlinks stub" style="clear: both; font-size: smaller;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 40px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%BC:Jordens_inre.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Jordens_inre.svg/40px-Jordens_inre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Jordens_inre.svg/60px-Jordens_inre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Jordens_inre.svg/80px-Jordens_inre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" 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