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class="social-profile-container"><div class="left-panel-container"><div class="user-info-component-wrapper"><div class="user-summary-cta-container"><div class="user-summary-container"><div class="social-profile-avatar-container"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Alexander McFarlane" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/18673222/140180564/129663861/s200_alexander.mcfarlane.png" /></div><div class="title-container"><h1 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-sm">Alexander McFarlane</h1><div class="affiliations-container fake-truncate js-profile-affiliations"><div><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://adelaide.academia.edu/">University of Adelaide</a>, <a class="u-tcGrayDarker" href="https://adelaide.academia.edu/Departments/Faculty_of_Health_Sciences/Documents">Faculty of Health Sciences</a>, <span 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0px;"><b>Address: </b>Australia<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="suggested-academics-container"><div class="suggested-academics--header"><p class="ds2-5-body-md-bold">Related Authors</p></div><ul class="suggested-user-card-list"><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/TashaStanton"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" border="0" alt="" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TashaStanton">Tasha Stanton</a></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://unisa-au.academia.edu/LorimerMoseley"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Lorimer Moseley" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" src="https://gravatar.com/avatar/5353f7f10acff833d230b2444e2ba5f7?s=200" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://unisa-au.academia.edu/LorimerMoseley">Lorimer Moseley</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">University of South Australia</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://adelaide1.academia.edu/CarolynBerryman"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Carolyn Berryman" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/31812261/9448846/10528602/s200_carolyn.berryman.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://adelaide1.academia.edu/CarolynBerryman">Carolyn Berryman</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">The University of Adelaide</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://unito.academia.edu/IRonga"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" border="0" alt="" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://unito.academia.edu/IRonga">Irene Ronga</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">Università degli Studi di Torino</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://essex.academia.edu/EliaValentini"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Elia Valentini" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/1158963/409729/18773246/s200_elia.valentini.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://essex.academia.edu/EliaValentini">Elia Valentini</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">University of Essex</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://ubc.academia.edu/RobertStowe"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" border="0" alt="" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://ubc.academia.edu/RobertStowe">Robert M Stowe</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">University of British Columbia</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://mcmaster.academia.edu/JohnConnolly"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" border="0" alt="" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://mcmaster.academia.edu/JohnConnolly">John F Connolly</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">McMaster University</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://uclouvain.academia.edu/ValeryLegrain"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Valery Legrain" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/1882144/15651067/16217548/s200_valery.legrain.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://uclouvain.academia.edu/ValeryLegrain">Valery Legrain</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">UCLouvain (University of Louvain)</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://helsinki.academia.edu/JuhaniPartanen"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" alt="Juhani Partanen" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s200_no_pic.png';" width="200" height="200" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/54826031/14456079/17934676/s200_juhani.partanen.jpg" /></a></div><div class="suggested-user-card__user-info"><a class="suggested-user-card__user-info__header ds2-5-body-sm-bold ds2-5-body-link" href="https://helsinki.academia.edu/JuhaniPartanen">Juhani Partanen</a><p class="suggested-user-card__user-info__subheader ds2-5-body-xs">University of Helsinki</p></div></div><div class="suggested-user-card"><div class="suggested-user-card__avatar social-profile-avatar-container"><a href="https://univ-fcomte.academia.edu/EricLaurent"><img class="profile-avatar u-positionAbsolute" border="0" alt="" 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data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/34197625/A_case_matched_study_of_neurophysiological_correlates_to_attention_working_memory_in_people_with_somatic_hypervigilance"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A case-matched study of neurophysiological correlates to attention/working memory in people with somatic hypervigilance" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/54114881/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/34197625/A_case_matched_study_of_neurophysiological_correlates_to_attention_working_memory_in_people_with_somatic_hypervigilance">A case-matched study of neurophysiological correlates to attention/working memory in people with somatic hypervigilance</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://adelaide1.academia.edu/CarolynBerryman">Carolyn Berryman</a>, <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://adelaide.academia.edu/AlexanderMcFarlane">Alexander McFarlane</a>, and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LorimerMoseley">Lorimer Moseley</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Objective: Somatic hypervigilance describes a clinical presentation in which people report more, ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Objective: Somatic hypervigilance describes a clinical presentation in which people report more, and more intense, bodily sensations than is usual. Most explanations of somatic hypervigilance implicate altered information processing, but strong empirical data are lacking. Attention and working memory are critical for information processing, and we aimed to evaluate brain activity during attention/working memory tasks in people with and without somatic hypervigilance. Method: Data from 173 people with somatic hypervigilance and 173 controls matched for age, gender, handedness, and years of education were analyzed. Event-related potential (ERP) data, extracted from the continuous electroencephalograph recordings obtained during performance of the Auditory Oddball task, and the Two In A Row (TIAR) task, for N1, P2, N2, and P3, were used in the analysis. Betweengroup differences for P3 amplitude and N2 amplitude and latency were assessed with two-tailed independent t tests. Between-group differences for N1 and P2 amplitude and latency were assessed using mixed, repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) with group and Group × Site factors. Linear regression analysis investigated the relationship between anxiety and depression and any outcomes of significance. Results: People with somatic hypervigilance showed smaller P3 amplitudes-Auditory Oddball task: t(285) = 2.32, 95% confidence interval, CI [3.48, 4.47], p = .026, d = 0.27; Two-In-A-Row (TIAR) task: t(334) = 2.23, 95% CI [2.20; 3.95], p = .021, d = 0.24-than case-matched controls. N2 amplitude was also smaller in people with somatic hypervigilance-TIAR task: t (318) = 2.58, 95% CI [0.33, 2.47], p = .010, d = 0.29-than in case-matched controls. Neither depression nor anxiety was significantly associated with any outcome. Conclusion: People with somatic hypervigilance demonstrated an event-related potential response to attention/working memory tasks that is consistent with altered information processing.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="71468a5309e8c50a813ca337d7b43f67" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":54114881,"asset_id":34197625,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54114881/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="34197625"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34197625"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34197625; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31640612"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/31640612/Hazardous_or_harmful_alcohol_use_in_Royal_Australian_Navy_veterans_of_the_1991_Gulf_War_Identification_of_high_risk_subgroups"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Hazardous or harmful alcohol use in Royal Australian Navy veterans of the 1991 Gulf War: Identification of high risk subgroups" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51962363/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/31640612/Hazardous_or_harmful_alcohol_use_in_Royal_Australian_Navy_veterans_of_the_1991_Gulf_War_Identification_of_high_risk_subgroups">Hazardous or harmful alcohol use in Royal Australian Navy veterans of the 1991 Gulf War: Identification of high risk subgroups</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HelenKelsall">Helen Kelsall</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://adelaide.academia.edu/AlexanderMcFarlane">Alexander McFarlane</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Addictive Behaviors</span><span>, 2006</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Good faith, a little one; not past a pint, Good faith, a little one; not past a pint, as I am a s...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Good faith, a little one; not past a pint, Good faith, a little one; not past a pint, as I am a soldier as I am a soldier (Othello, Act 2, Scene 3) (Othello, Act 2, Scene 3)</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d3bb17d6826914b09f60ff1afb2e5cca" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":51962363,"asset_id":31640612,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51962363/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31640612"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31640612"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31640612; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31640612]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31640612]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31640612; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='31640612']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31640615"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/31640615/Medically_evaluated_psychological_and_physical_health_of_Australian_Gulf_War_veterans_with_chronic_fatigue"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Medically evaluated psychological and physical health of Australian Gulf War veterans with chronic fatigue" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51962366/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/31640615/Medically_evaluated_psychological_and_physical_health_of_Australian_Gulf_War_veterans_with_chronic_fatigue">Medically evaluated psychological and physical health of Australian Gulf War veterans with chronic fatigue</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HelenKelsall">Helen Kelsall</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://adelaide.academia.edu/AlexanderMcFarlane">Alexander McFarlane</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Psychosomatic Research</span><span>, 2006</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate fatigue in Australian Gulf War veterans and a mi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate fatigue in Australian Gulf War veterans and a military comparison group according to the 1994 chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) definition and investigate the relation with exposures. Methods: Comprehensive medical, psychological and reported exposure assessments of 1456 veterans and 1588 comparison group in a cross-sectional study. Results: More Gulf War veterans had fatigue at all levels than did the military comparison group. The findings may be at least partly explained as an bactive-deployment effect.Q The odds ratios increased with increasing clinical evaluation of the nature of the fatigue, even after adjustment for current psychiatric disorders in addition to other possible confounding factors. Conclusion: Medically unexplained chronic fatigue was more common, but not more disabling, in veterans than in the comparison group, but veterans with unexplained chronic fatigue had poorer health than veterans without. Within both populations, CFS is uncommon and at a similar level to the general community. D</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="217591c025f605f040fed9a28f9c946f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":51962366,"asset_id":31640615,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51962366/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31640615"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31640615"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31640615; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31640616"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/31640616/War_zone_stress_without_direct_combat_The_Australian_naval_experience_of_the_Gulf_War"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of War zone stress without direct combat: The Australian naval experience of the Gulf War" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51962364/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/31640616/War_zone_stress_without_direct_combat_The_Australian_naval_experience_of_the_Gulf_War">War zone stress without direct combat: The Australian naval experience of the Gulf War</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HelenKelsall">Helen Kelsall</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://adelaide.academia.edu/AlexanderMcFarlane">Alexander McFarlane</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Traumatic Stress</span><span>, 2005</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bf34b3cdf88b10f462f8b2c6417ae970" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":51962364,"asset_id":31640616,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51962364/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31640616"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31640616"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31640616; 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</script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31519255"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519255/The_nature_of_traumatic_stressors_and_the_epidemiology_of_posttraumatic_reactions"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The nature of traumatic stressors and the epidemiology of posttraumatic reactions" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519255/The_nature_of_traumatic_stressors_and_the_epidemiology_of_posttraumatic_reactions">The nature of traumatic stressors and the epidemiology of posttraumatic reactions</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31519255"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31519255"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31519255; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31519255]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31519255]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31519255; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='31519255']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=31519255]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":31519255,"title":"The nature of traumatic stressors and the epidemiology of posttraumatic reactions","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31519255/The_nature_of_traumatic_stressors_and_the_epidemiology_of_posttraumatic_reactions","owner_id":18673222,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":18673222,"first_name":"Alexander","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"McFarlane","page_name":"AlexanderMcFarlane","domain_name":"adelaide","created_at":"2014-10-12T18:44:01.669-07:00","display_name":"Alexander McFarlane","url":"https://adelaide.academia.edu/AlexanderMcFarlane"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31519253"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519253/Clinical_rheumatology_training_of_Australian_medical_students_A_national_survey_of_1991_graduates"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Clinical rheumatology training of Australian medical students. A national survey of 1991 graduates" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519253/Clinical_rheumatology_training_of_Australian_medical_students_A_national_survey_of_1991_graduates">Clinical rheumatology training of Australian medical students. A national survey of 1991 graduates</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Medical journal of Australia</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">To describe Australian medical graduates&amp;#39; knowledge, experiences and practical training i...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">To describe Australian medical graduates&amp;#39; knowledge, experiences and practical training in rheumatology and their attitudes towards rehabilitation and disability. Cross-sectional survey of all interns at randomly selected hospitals in each State. 382 Australian interns at 12 hospitals surveyed in the first week of their 1991 internship. New interns demonstrated little experience with soft tissue rheumatism, with only 45% reporting they had examined a patient with bursitis and 22% one with epicondylitis. There was considerable dissatisfaction with the teaching of assessment of low back pain, regardless of the amount of formal rheumatology teaching the graduates had experienced, with only 22% rating it as good or excellent. There was little evidence that students are exposed to the social dimensions of chronic illness; only 32% of students reported that they had been shown how to assess a patient&amp;#39;s psychological adjustment to illness. Only 22% felt competent at assessing disability and handicap and less than half of the graduates studied had ever attended a clinic where there was a physiotherapist. Graduates who had never been attached to either a rheumatology ward or an outpatients clinic (17%) were less likely to have examined a patient with gout (P &amp;lt; 0.001), osteoarthritis (P &amp;lt; 0.01), or chronic low back pain (P &amp;lt; 0.05), and were more likely to report dissatisfaction with training in rheumatology. This survey suggests that there are significant problems in the training of medical students in musculoskeletal disorders, particularly in relation to the assessment of disability and the appreciation of psychosocial factors.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31519253"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31519253"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31519253; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31519253]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31519253]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31519253; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='31519253']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=31519253]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":31519253,"title":"Clinical rheumatology training of Australian medical students. A national survey of 1991 graduates","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31519253/Clinical_rheumatology_training_of_Australian_medical_students_A_national_survey_of_1991_graduates","owner_id":18673222,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":18673222,"first_name":"Alexander","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"McFarlane","page_name":"AlexanderMcFarlane","domain_name":"adelaide","created_at":"2014-10-12T18:44:01.669-07:00","display_name":"Alexander McFarlane","url":"https://adelaide.academia.edu/AlexanderMcFarlane"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31519252"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519252/Posttraumatic_stress_disorder_A_model_of_longitudinal_course_and_the_role_of_risk_factors"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Posttraumatic stress disorder: A model of longitudinal course and the role of risk factors" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519252/Posttraumatic_stress_disorder_A_model_of_longitudinal_course_and_the_role_of_risk_factors">Posttraumatic stress disorder: A model of longitudinal course and the role of risk factors</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) differs from other anxiety disorders in that experience of a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) differs from other anxiety disorders in that experience of a traumatic event is necessary for the onset of the disorder. The condition runs a longitudinal course, involving a series of transitional states, with progressive modification occurring with time. Notably, only a small percentage of people that experience trauma will develop PTSD. Risk factors, such as prior trauma, prior psychiatric history, family psychiatric history, peritraumatic dissociation, acute stress symptoms, the nature of the biological response, and autonomic hyperarousal, need to be considered when setting up models to predict the course of the condition. These risk factors influence vulnerability to the onset of PTSD and its spontaneous remission. In the majority of cases, PTSD is accompanied by another condition, such as major depression, an anxiety disorder, or substance abuse. This comorbidity can also complicate the course of the disorder and raises questions about the role of PTSD in other psychiatric conditions. This article reviews what is known about the emergence of PTSD following exposure to a traumatic event using data from clinical studies.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31519252"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31519252"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31519252; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31519252]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31519252]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31519252; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='31519252']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=31519252]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":31519252,"title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder: A model of longitudinal course and the role of risk factors","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31519252/Posttraumatic_stress_disorder_A_model_of_longitudinal_course_and_the_role_of_risk_factors","owner_id":18673222,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":18673222,"first_name":"Alexander","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"McFarlane","page_name":"AlexanderMcFarlane","domain_name":"adelaide","created_at":"2014-10-12T18:44:01.669-07:00","display_name":"Alexander McFarlane","url":"https://adelaide.academia.edu/AlexanderMcFarlane"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31519251"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519251/Howard_Florey_Alexander_Fleming_and_the_fairy_tale_of_Penicillin"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Howard Florey, Alexander Fleming and the fairy tale of Penicillin" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51863064/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519251/Howard_Florey_Alexander_Fleming_and_the_fairy_tale_of_Penicillin">Howard Florey, Alexander Fleming and the fairy tale of Penicillin</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Medical journal of Australia</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The public myth of the discovery of penicillin is an archetypal "quest story" of the type common ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The public myth of the discovery of penicillin is an archetypal "quest story" of the type common to every human culture. But the real story of the discovery, testing and refinement of penicillin is a complex tale of accident, serendipity, oversight, conflict, the pressure of war, idiosyncratic personalities and even -the invention of history.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f9e786f126aa2d50f5563a9688d6709b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":51863064,"asset_id":31519251,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51863064/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31519251"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31519251"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31519251; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31519250"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519250/Debriefing_Care_and_sympathy_are_not_enough_Editorial_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Debriefing: Care and sympathy are not enough (Editorial)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51863073/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519250/Debriefing_Care_and_sympathy_are_not_enough_Editorial_">Debriefing: Care and sympathy are not enough (Editorial)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Medical journal of Australia</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="08fd23032178def85c66ea3435c44673" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":51863073,"asset_id":31519250,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51863073/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31519250"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31519250"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31519250; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31519250]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31519250]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31519250; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='31519250']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31519249"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519249/Re_experiencing_phenomena_following_a_disaster_The_long_term_predictive_role_of_intrusion_symptoms_in_the_development_of_post_trauma_depression_and_anxiety"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Re-experiencing phenomena following a disaster: The long-term predictive role of intrusion symptoms in the development of post-trauma depression and anxiety" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519249/Re_experiencing_phenomena_following_a_disaster_The_long_term_predictive_role_of_intrusion_symptoms_in_the_development_of_post_trauma_depression_and_anxiety">Re-experiencing phenomena following a disaster: The long-term predictive role of intrusion symptoms in the development of post-trauma depression and anxiety</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Affective Disorders</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Contention in the literature regarding the diagnostic utility of intrusion symptoms highlights th...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Contention in the literature regarding the diagnostic utility of intrusion symptoms highlights that they have high sensitivity but low specificity in predicting PTSD. They are highly prevalent following a range of traumatic events, and across a range of disorders. The prevalence of intrusion symptoms in the absence of PTSD suggests their relevance to the development of other psychopathology. Therefore, the predictive role of intrusion symptoms for other post-trauma psychopathology was examined using data from an epidemiological, longitudinal sample of adults recruited in childhood. From 5 phases of data collection for this sample, these analyses focused on the 20 year and 28 year follow-ups (n=583). Lifetime exposure to trauma was assessed using a modified set of 10 Criterion-A events from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), with PTSD assessed in reference to a self-nominated worst lifetime event, and other DSM-IV disorder also assessed using the CIDI. Results showed that the presence of intrusion symptoms without PTSD at the 20 year follow-up was predictive of increased risk at 28 years for depressive but not anxiety disorders. There was limited psychopathology in the sample, reducing the power to examine many individual disorders. Furthermore, trauma history and psychiatric symptoms were retrospectively reported, introducing the possibility of recall bias. Together the findings suggest that intrusion symptoms may play an aetiological role in the development and/or maintenance of disorders other than PTSD.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31519249"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31519249"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31519249; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31519247"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519247/The_association_between_inflammatory_markers_and_psychological_disorders_in_veterans_and_military_personnel_a_systematic_review_protocol"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The association between inflammatory markers and psychological disorders in veterans and military personnel: a systematic review protocol" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519247/The_association_between_inflammatory_markers_and_psychological_disorders_in_veterans_and_military_personnel_a_systematic_review_protocol">The association between inflammatory markers and psychological disorders in veterans and military personnel: a systematic review protocol</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>JBI database of systematic reviews and implementation reports</span><span>, Jan 15, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31519247"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31519247"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31519247; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=31519247]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":31519247,"title":"The association between inflammatory markers and psychological disorders in veterans and military personnel: a systematic review protocol","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31519247/The_association_between_inflammatory_markers_and_psychological_disorders_in_veterans_and_military_personnel_a_systematic_review_protocol","owner_id":18673222,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":18673222,"first_name":"Alexander","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"McFarlane","page_name":"AlexanderMcFarlane","domain_name":"adelaide","created_at":"2014-10-12T18:44:01.669-07:00","display_name":"Alexander McFarlane","url":"https://adelaide.academia.edu/AlexanderMcFarlane"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31519246"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519246/Psychosocial_measures"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Psychosocial measures" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519246/Psychosocial_measures">Psychosocial measures</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Journal of Rheumatology</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31519246"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31519246"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31519246; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=31519246]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":31519246,"title":"Psychosocial measures","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31519246/Psychosocial_measures","owner_id":18673222,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":18673222,"first_name":"Alexander","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"McFarlane","page_name":"AlexanderMcFarlane","domain_name":"adelaide","created_at":"2014-10-12T18:44:01.669-07:00","display_name":"Alexander McFarlane","url":"https://adelaide.academia.edu/AlexanderMcFarlane"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="22177095"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/22177095/Dissociation_somatization_and_affect_regulation_The_complexity_of_adaptation_to_trauma"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Dissociation, somatization, and affect regulation: The complexity of adaptation to trauma" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/42836861/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/22177095/Dissociation_somatization_and_affect_regulation_The_complexity_of_adaptation_to_trauma">Dissociation, somatization, and affect regulation: The complexity of adaptation to trauma</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://bu.academia.edu/BKolk">Bessel van der Kolk</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://adelaide.academia.edu/AlexanderMcFarlane">Alexander McFarlane</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>American Journal of Psychiatry</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8e08c924f7cc587c9afc9cc3b0faae53" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":42836861,"asset_id":22177095,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42836861/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="22177095"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22177095"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22177095; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31519245"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519245/Sleep_Disturbance_Immediately_Prior_to_Trauma_Predicts_Subsequent_Psychiatric_Disorder"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Sleep Disturbance Immediately Prior to Trauma Predicts Subsequent Psychiatric Disorder" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51863052/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519245/Sleep_Disturbance_Immediately_Prior_to_Trauma_Predicts_Subsequent_Psychiatric_Disorder">Sleep Disturbance Immediately Prior to Trauma Predicts Subsequent Psychiatric Disorder</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Sleep</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">study Objectives: This study investigated the extent to which sleep disturbance in the period imm...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">study Objectives: This study investigated the extent to which sleep disturbance in the period immediately prior to a traumatic event predicted development of subsequent psychiatric disorder. Design: Prospective design cohort study setting: Four major trauma hospitals across Australia Patients: A total of 1033 traumatically injured patients were initially assessed during hospital admission and followed up at 3 months (898) after injury Measures: Lifetime psychiatric disorder was assessed in hospital with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Sleep disturbance in the 2 weeks prior to injury was also assessed using the Sleep Impairment Index. The prevalence of psychiatric disorder was assessed 3 months after traumatic injury. results: There were 255 (28%) patients with a psychiatric disorder at 3 months. Patients who displayed sleep disturbance prior to the injury were more likely to develop a psychiatric disorder at 3 months (odds ratio: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.62-3.69). In terms of patients who had never experienced a prior disorder (n = 324), 96 patients (30%) had a psychiatric disorder at 3 months, and these patients were more likely to develop disorder if they displayed prior sleep disturbance (odds ratio: 3.16, 95% CI: 1.59-4.75). conclusions: These findings provide evidence that sleep disturbance prior to a traumatic event is a risk factor for development of posttraumatic psychiatric disorder.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5364a78070dca07eea83c49a54103a4f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":51863052,"asset_id":31519245,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51863052/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31519245"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31519245"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31519245; 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The long‐term costs of traumatic stress: intertwined physical and psychological consequences" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51863080/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519244/McFarlane_AC_The_long_term_costs_of_traumatic_stress_intertwined_physical_and_psychological_consequences">McFarlane AC. 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Most explanations of somatic hypervigilance implicate altered information processing, but strong empirical data are lacking. Attention and working memory are critical for information processing, and we aimed to evaluate brain activity during attention/working memory tasks in people with and without somatic hypervigilance. Method: Data from 173 people with somatic hypervigilance and 173 controls matched for age, gender, handedness, and years of education were analyzed. Event-related potential (ERP) data, extracted from the continuous electroencephalograph recordings obtained during performance of the Auditory Oddball task, and the Two In A Row (TIAR) task, for N1, P2, N2, and P3, were used in the analysis. Betweengroup differences for P3 amplitude and N2 amplitude and latency were assessed with two-tailed independent t tests. Between-group differences for N1 and P2 amplitude and latency were assessed using mixed, repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) with group and Group × Site factors. Linear regression analysis investigated the relationship between anxiety and depression and any outcomes of significance. Results: People with somatic hypervigilance showed smaller P3 amplitudes-Auditory Oddball task: t(285) = 2.32, 95% confidence interval, CI [3.48, 4.47], p = .026, d = 0.27; Two-In-A-Row (TIAR) task: t(334) = 2.23, 95% CI [2.20; 3.95], p = .021, d = 0.24-than case-matched controls. N2 amplitude was also smaller in people with somatic hypervigilance-TIAR task: t (318) = 2.58, 95% CI [0.33, 2.47], p = .010, d = 0.29-than in case-matched controls. Neither depression nor anxiety was significantly associated with any outcome. Conclusion: People with somatic hypervigilance demonstrated an event-related potential response to attention/working memory tasks that is consistent with altered information processing.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="71468a5309e8c50a813ca337d7b43f67" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":54114881,"asset_id":34197625,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54114881/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="34197625"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34197625"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34197625; 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not past a pint, Good faith, a little one; not past a pint, as I am a s...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Good faith, a little one; not past a pint, Good faith, a little one; not past a pint, as I am a soldier as I am a soldier (Othello, Act 2, Scene 3) (Othello, Act 2, Scene 3)</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d3bb17d6826914b09f60ff1afb2e5cca" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":51962363,"asset_id":31640612,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51962363/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31640612"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31640612"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31640612; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31640615"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/31640615/Medically_evaluated_psychological_and_physical_health_of_Australian_Gulf_War_veterans_with_chronic_fatigue"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Medically evaluated psychological and physical health of Australian Gulf War veterans with chronic fatigue" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51962366/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/31640615/Medically_evaluated_psychological_and_physical_health_of_Australian_Gulf_War_veterans_with_chronic_fatigue">Medically evaluated psychological and physical health of Australian Gulf War veterans with chronic fatigue</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HelenKelsall">Helen Kelsall</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://adelaide.academia.edu/AlexanderMcFarlane">Alexander McFarlane</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Psychosomatic Research</span><span>, 2006</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate fatigue in Australian Gulf War veterans and a mi...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate fatigue in Australian Gulf War veterans and a military comparison group according to the 1994 chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) definition and investigate the relation with exposures. Methods: Comprehensive medical, psychological and reported exposure assessments of 1456 veterans and 1588 comparison group in a cross-sectional study. Results: More Gulf War veterans had fatigue at all levels than did the military comparison group. The findings may be at least partly explained as an bactive-deployment effect.Q The odds ratios increased with increasing clinical evaluation of the nature of the fatigue, even after adjustment for current psychiatric disorders in addition to other possible confounding factors. Conclusion: Medically unexplained chronic fatigue was more common, but not more disabling, in veterans than in the comparison group, but veterans with unexplained chronic fatigue had poorer health than veterans without. Within both populations, CFS is uncommon and at a similar level to the general community. D</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="217591c025f605f040fed9a28f9c946f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":51962366,"asset_id":31640615,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51962366/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31640615"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31640615"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31640615; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31640616"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/31640616/War_zone_stress_without_direct_combat_The_Australian_naval_experience_of_the_Gulf_War"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of War zone stress without direct combat: The Australian naval experience of the Gulf War" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51962364/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/31640616/War_zone_stress_without_direct_combat_The_Australian_naval_experience_of_the_Gulf_War">War zone stress without direct combat: The Australian naval experience of the Gulf War</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HelenKelsall">Helen Kelsall</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://adelaide.academia.edu/AlexanderMcFarlane">Alexander McFarlane</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Traumatic Stress</span><span>, 2005</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bf34b3cdf88b10f462f8b2c6417ae970" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":51962364,"asset_id":31640616,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51962364/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31640616"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31640616"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31640616; 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</script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31519255"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519255/The_nature_of_traumatic_stressors_and_the_epidemiology_of_posttraumatic_reactions"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The nature of traumatic stressors and the epidemiology of posttraumatic reactions" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519255/The_nature_of_traumatic_stressors_and_the_epidemiology_of_posttraumatic_reactions">The nature of traumatic stressors and the epidemiology of posttraumatic reactions</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31519255"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31519255"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31519255; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31519255]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31519255]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31519255; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='31519255']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=31519255]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":31519255,"title":"The nature of traumatic stressors and the epidemiology of posttraumatic reactions","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31519255/The_nature_of_traumatic_stressors_and_the_epidemiology_of_posttraumatic_reactions","owner_id":18673222,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":18673222,"first_name":"Alexander","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"McFarlane","page_name":"AlexanderMcFarlane","domain_name":"adelaide","created_at":"2014-10-12T18:44:01.669-07:00","display_name":"Alexander McFarlane","url":"https://adelaide.academia.edu/AlexanderMcFarlane"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31519253"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519253/Clinical_rheumatology_training_of_Australian_medical_students_A_national_survey_of_1991_graduates"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Clinical rheumatology training of Australian medical students. A national survey of 1991 graduates" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519253/Clinical_rheumatology_training_of_Australian_medical_students_A_national_survey_of_1991_graduates">Clinical rheumatology training of Australian medical students. A national survey of 1991 graduates</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Medical journal of Australia</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">To describe Australian medical graduates&amp;#39; knowledge, experiences and practical training i...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">To describe Australian medical graduates&amp;#39; knowledge, experiences and practical training in rheumatology and their attitudes towards rehabilitation and disability. Cross-sectional survey of all interns at randomly selected hospitals in each State. 382 Australian interns at 12 hospitals surveyed in the first week of their 1991 internship. New interns demonstrated little experience with soft tissue rheumatism, with only 45% reporting they had examined a patient with bursitis and 22% one with epicondylitis. There was considerable dissatisfaction with the teaching of assessment of low back pain, regardless of the amount of formal rheumatology teaching the graduates had experienced, with only 22% rating it as good or excellent. There was little evidence that students are exposed to the social dimensions of chronic illness; only 32% of students reported that they had been shown how to assess a patient&amp;#39;s psychological adjustment to illness. Only 22% felt competent at assessing disability and handicap and less than half of the graduates studied had ever attended a clinic where there was a physiotherapist. Graduates who had never been attached to either a rheumatology ward or an outpatients clinic (17%) were less likely to have examined a patient with gout (P &amp;lt; 0.001), osteoarthritis (P &amp;lt; 0.01), or chronic low back pain (P &amp;lt; 0.05), and were more likely to report dissatisfaction with training in rheumatology. This survey suggests that there are significant problems in the training of medical students in musculoskeletal disorders, particularly in relation to the assessment of disability and the appreciation of psychosocial factors.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31519253"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31519253"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31519253; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31519253]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31519253]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31519253; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='31519253']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=31519253]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":31519253,"title":"Clinical rheumatology training of Australian medical students. A national survey of 1991 graduates","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31519253/Clinical_rheumatology_training_of_Australian_medical_students_A_national_survey_of_1991_graduates","owner_id":18673222,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":18673222,"first_name":"Alexander","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"McFarlane","page_name":"AlexanderMcFarlane","domain_name":"adelaide","created_at":"2014-10-12T18:44:01.669-07:00","display_name":"Alexander McFarlane","url":"https://adelaide.academia.edu/AlexanderMcFarlane"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31519252"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519252/Posttraumatic_stress_disorder_A_model_of_longitudinal_course_and_the_role_of_risk_factors"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Posttraumatic stress disorder: A model of longitudinal course and the role of risk factors" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519252/Posttraumatic_stress_disorder_A_model_of_longitudinal_course_and_the_role_of_risk_factors">Posttraumatic stress disorder: A model of longitudinal course and the role of risk factors</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) differs from other anxiety disorders in that experience of a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) differs from other anxiety disorders in that experience of a traumatic event is necessary for the onset of the disorder. The condition runs a longitudinal course, involving a series of transitional states, with progressive modification occurring with time. Notably, only a small percentage of people that experience trauma will develop PTSD. Risk factors, such as prior trauma, prior psychiatric history, family psychiatric history, peritraumatic dissociation, acute stress symptoms, the nature of the biological response, and autonomic hyperarousal, need to be considered when setting up models to predict the course of the condition. These risk factors influence vulnerability to the onset of PTSD and its spontaneous remission. In the majority of cases, PTSD is accompanied by another condition, such as major depression, an anxiety disorder, or substance abuse. This comorbidity can also complicate the course of the disorder and raises questions about the role of PTSD in other psychiatric conditions. This article reviews what is known about the emergence of PTSD following exposure to a traumatic event using data from clinical studies.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31519252"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31519252"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31519252; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31519252]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31519252]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31519252; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='31519252']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=31519252]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":31519252,"title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder: A model of longitudinal course and the role of risk factors","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31519252/Posttraumatic_stress_disorder_A_model_of_longitudinal_course_and_the_role_of_risk_factors","owner_id":18673222,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":18673222,"first_name":"Alexander","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"McFarlane","page_name":"AlexanderMcFarlane","domain_name":"adelaide","created_at":"2014-10-12T18:44:01.669-07:00","display_name":"Alexander McFarlane","url":"https://adelaide.academia.edu/AlexanderMcFarlane"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31519251"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519251/Howard_Florey_Alexander_Fleming_and_the_fairy_tale_of_Penicillin"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Howard Florey, Alexander Fleming and the fairy tale of Penicillin" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51863064/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519251/Howard_Florey_Alexander_Fleming_and_the_fairy_tale_of_Penicillin">Howard Florey, Alexander Fleming and the fairy tale of Penicillin</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Medical journal of Australia</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The public myth of the discovery of penicillin is an archetypal "quest story" of the type common ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The public myth of the discovery of penicillin is an archetypal "quest story" of the type common to every human culture. But the real story of the discovery, testing and refinement of penicillin is a complex tale of accident, serendipity, oversight, conflict, the pressure of war, idiosyncratic personalities and even -the invention of history.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="f9e786f126aa2d50f5563a9688d6709b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":51863064,"asset_id":31519251,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51863064/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31519251"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31519251"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31519251; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31519251]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31519251]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31519251; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='31519251']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31519250"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519250/Debriefing_Care_and_sympathy_are_not_enough_Editorial_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Debriefing: Care and sympathy are not enough (Editorial)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51863073/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519250/Debriefing_Care_and_sympathy_are_not_enough_Editorial_">Debriefing: Care and sympathy are not enough (Editorial)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Medical journal of Australia</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="08fd23032178def85c66ea3435c44673" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":51863073,"asset_id":31519250,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51863073/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31519250"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31519250"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31519250; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31519249"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519249/Re_experiencing_phenomena_following_a_disaster_The_long_term_predictive_role_of_intrusion_symptoms_in_the_development_of_post_trauma_depression_and_anxiety"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Re-experiencing phenomena following a disaster: The long-term predictive role of intrusion symptoms in the development of post-trauma depression and anxiety" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519249/Re_experiencing_phenomena_following_a_disaster_The_long_term_predictive_role_of_intrusion_symptoms_in_the_development_of_post_trauma_depression_and_anxiety">Re-experiencing phenomena following a disaster: The long-term predictive role of intrusion symptoms in the development of post-trauma depression and anxiety</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Affective Disorders</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Contention in the literature regarding the diagnostic utility of intrusion symptoms highlights th...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Contention in the literature regarding the diagnostic utility of intrusion symptoms highlights that they have high sensitivity but low specificity in predicting PTSD. They are highly prevalent following a range of traumatic events, and across a range of disorders. The prevalence of intrusion symptoms in the absence of PTSD suggests their relevance to the development of other psychopathology. Therefore, the predictive role of intrusion symptoms for other post-trauma psychopathology was examined using data from an epidemiological, longitudinal sample of adults recruited in childhood. From 5 phases of data collection for this sample, these analyses focused on the 20 year and 28 year follow-ups (n=583). Lifetime exposure to trauma was assessed using a modified set of 10 Criterion-A events from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), with PTSD assessed in reference to a self-nominated worst lifetime event, and other DSM-IV disorder also assessed using the CIDI. Results showed that the presence of intrusion symptoms without PTSD at the 20 year follow-up was predictive of increased risk at 28 years for depressive but not anxiety disorders. There was limited psychopathology in the sample, reducing the power to examine many individual disorders. Furthermore, trauma history and psychiatric symptoms were retrospectively reported, introducing the possibility of recall bias. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31519247"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519247/The_association_between_inflammatory_markers_and_psychological_disorders_in_veterans_and_military_personnel_a_systematic_review_protocol"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The association between inflammatory markers and psychological disorders in veterans and military personnel: a systematic review protocol" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519247/The_association_between_inflammatory_markers_and_psychological_disorders_in_veterans_and_military_personnel_a_systematic_review_protocol">The association between inflammatory markers and psychological disorders in veterans and military personnel: a systematic review protocol</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>JBI database of systematic reviews and implementation reports</span><span>, Jan 15, 2015</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31519247"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31519247"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31519247; 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} }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31519246"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519246/Psychosocial_measures"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Psychosocial measures" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519246/Psychosocial_measures">Psychosocial measures</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Journal of Rheumatology</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31519246"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31519246"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31519246; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=31519246]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":31519246,"title":"Psychosocial measures","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31519246/Psychosocial_measures","owner_id":18673222,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":18673222,"first_name":"Alexander","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"McFarlane","page_name":"AlexanderMcFarlane","domain_name":"adelaide","created_at":"2014-10-12T18:44:01.669-07:00","display_name":"Alexander McFarlane","url":"https://adelaide.academia.edu/AlexanderMcFarlane"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="22177095"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/22177095/Dissociation_somatization_and_affect_regulation_The_complexity_of_adaptation_to_trauma"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Dissociation, somatization, and affect regulation: The complexity of adaptation to trauma" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/42836861/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/22177095/Dissociation_somatization_and_affect_regulation_The_complexity_of_adaptation_to_trauma">Dissociation, somatization, and affect regulation: The complexity of adaptation to trauma</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--coauthors"><span>by </span><span><a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://bu.academia.edu/BKolk">Bessel van der Kolk</a> and <a class="" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-authors" href="https://adelaide.academia.edu/AlexanderMcFarlane">Alexander McFarlane</a></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>American Journal of Psychiatry</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8e08c924f7cc587c9afc9cc3b0faae53" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":42836861,"asset_id":22177095,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42836861/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="22177095"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22177095"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22177095; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22177095]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22177095]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22177095; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='22177095']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31519245"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519245/Sleep_Disturbance_Immediately_Prior_to_Trauma_Predicts_Subsequent_Psychiatric_Disorder"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Sleep Disturbance Immediately Prior to Trauma Predicts Subsequent Psychiatric Disorder" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51863052/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519245/Sleep_Disturbance_Immediately_Prior_to_Trauma_Predicts_Subsequent_Psychiatric_Disorder">Sleep Disturbance Immediately Prior to Trauma Predicts Subsequent Psychiatric Disorder</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Sleep</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">study Objectives: This study investigated the extent to which sleep disturbance in the period imm...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">study Objectives: This study investigated the extent to which sleep disturbance in the period immediately prior to a traumatic event predicted development of subsequent psychiatric disorder. Design: Prospective design cohort study setting: Four major trauma hospitals across Australia Patients: A total of 1033 traumatically injured patients were initially assessed during hospital admission and followed up at 3 months (898) after injury Measures: Lifetime psychiatric disorder was assessed in hospital with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Sleep disturbance in the 2 weeks prior to injury was also assessed using the Sleep Impairment Index. The prevalence of psychiatric disorder was assessed 3 months after traumatic injury. results: There were 255 (28%) patients with a psychiatric disorder at 3 months. Patients who displayed sleep disturbance prior to the injury were more likely to develop a psychiatric disorder at 3 months (odds ratio: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.62-3.69). In terms of patients who had never experienced a prior disorder (n = 324), 96 patients (30%) had a psychiatric disorder at 3 months, and these patients were more likely to develop disorder if they displayed prior sleep disturbance (odds ratio: 3.16, 95% CI: 1.59-4.75). conclusions: These findings provide evidence that sleep disturbance prior to a traumatic event is a risk factor for development of posttraumatic psychiatric disorder.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5364a78070dca07eea83c49a54103a4f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":51863052,"asset_id":31519245,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51863052/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31519245"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31519245"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31519245; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31519244"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519244/McFarlane_AC_The_long_term_costs_of_traumatic_stress_intertwined_physical_and_psychological_consequences"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of McFarlane AC. The long‐term costs of traumatic stress: intertwined physical and psychological consequences" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/51863080/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519244/McFarlane_AC_The_long_term_costs_of_traumatic_stress_intertwined_physical_and_psychological_consequences">McFarlane AC. The long‐term costs of traumatic stress: intertwined physical and psychological consequences</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="3c28c17753c55cb7c4ac37b3ca6792e8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":51863080,"asset_id":31519244,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51863080/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31519244"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31519244"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31519244; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31519244]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31519244]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31519244; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='31519244']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "3c28c17753c55cb7c4ac37b3ca6792e8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=31519244]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":31519244,"title":"McFarlane AC. 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window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31519243]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31519243]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31519243; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='31519243']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="31519242"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519242/The_black_hole_of_trauma"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The black hole of trauma" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/31519242/The_black_hole_of_trauma">The black hole of trauma</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="31519242"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="31519242"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 31519242; 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