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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ownership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ownership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ownership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ownership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Whaling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Whaling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Whaling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Whaling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deforestation_and_farming" 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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Flora and fauna subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Forest_and_vegetation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forest_and_vegetation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Forest and vegetation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forest_and_vegetation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Birds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Birds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Birds</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Birds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lizards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lizards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Lizards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lizards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Bats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Invertebrates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Invertebrates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Invertebrates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Invertebrates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Introduced_predators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Introduced_predators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Introduced predators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Introduced_predators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marine_reserve" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marine_reserve"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Marine reserve</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marine_reserve-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology_and_geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology_and_geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Geology and geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology_and_geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Heritage_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heritage_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Heritage sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heritage_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_and_television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_and_television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Film and television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_and_television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kapiti Island</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapiti_(su%C3%A1lui)" title="Kapiti (suálui) – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kapiti (suálui)" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="جزيرة كابيتي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جزيرة كابيتي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%86%D1%96" title="Капіці – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Капіці" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapiti_Island" title="Kapiti Island – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kapiti Island" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapiti" title="Kapiti – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kapiti" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapiti_Island" title="Kapiti Island – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kapiti Island" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapiti" title="Kapiti – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kapiti" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isla_Kapiti" title="Isla Kapiti – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Isla Kapiti" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulo_Kapiti" title="Insulo Kapiti – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Insulo Kapiti" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="جزیره کاپیتی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جزیره کاپیتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_de_Kapiti" title="Île de Kapiti – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Île de Kapiti" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapiti" title="Kapiti – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Kapiti" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illa_Kapiti" title="Illa Kapiti – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Illa Kapiti" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="კაპიტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კაპიტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapiti_(eiland)" title="Kapiti (eiland) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kapiti (eiland)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapiti%C3%B8ya" title="Kapitiøya – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kapitiøya" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%82" title="ਕਾਪਿਤੀ ਟਾਪੂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਪਿਤੀ ਟਾਪੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%81_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="جزیرہ کاپیتی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جزیرہ کاپیتی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapiti" title="Kapiti – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kapiti" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilha_Kapiti" title="Ilha Kapiti – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ilha Kapiti" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Капити – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Капити" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapiti_(saari)" title="Kapiti (saari) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kapiti (saari)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%82%D1%96" title="Капіті – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Капіті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A3o_Kapiti" title="Đảo Kapiti – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đảo Kapiti" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%9A%AE%E8%92%82%E5%B3%B6" title="卡皮蒂島 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卡皮蒂島" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1471997#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kapiti_Island" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Kapiti_Island" rel="discussion" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kapiti_Island&params=40_51_18_S_174_54_54_E_region:NZ_type:isle"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°51′18″S</span> <span class="longitude">174°54′54″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.85500°S 174.91500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-40.85500; 174.91500</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Island off the Kāpiti Coast of New Zealand</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129712854">.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-title-embed{background-color:#efefef;font-weight:bold;padding:0.3em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native>div{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-header{background-color:#efefef}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country{border-top:1px solid black;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country2{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-below{text-align:left;border-top:#aaa 1px solid}</style><table class="infobox ib-islands vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Kapiti Island</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="nickname">Te Waewae-Kapiti-o-Tara-rāua-ko-Rangitāne</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kapiti_Island_(51331562058)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Kapiti_Island_%2851331562058%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Kapiti_Island_%2851331562058%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Kapiti_Island_%2851331562058%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/375px-Kapiti_Island_%2851331562058%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Kapiti_Island_%2851331562058%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Kapiti_Island_%2851331562058%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4921" data-file-height="2861" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">View of Kapiti Island from <a href="/wiki/Pukerua_Bay" title="Pukerua Bay">Pukerua Bay</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:260px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:260px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:260px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Zealand_(location_map).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kapiti Island is located in New Zealand"><img alt="Kapiti Island is located in New Zealand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/New_Zealand_%28location_map%29.svg/260px-New_Zealand_%28location_map%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="372" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/New_Zealand_%28location_map%29.svg/390px-New_Zealand_%28location_map%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/New_Zealand_%28location_map%29.svg/520px-New_Zealand_%28location_map%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1380" data-file-height="1976" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:50.036%;left:68.295%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kapiti Island"><img alt="Kapiti Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Disc_Plain_red.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Disc_Plain_red.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Disc_Plain_red.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="460" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Kapiti Island</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tasman_Sea" title="Tasman Sea">Tasman Sea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kapiti_Island&params=40_51_18_S_174_54_54_E_region:NZ_type:isle"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°51′18″S</span> <span class="longitude">174°54′54″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.85500°S 174.91500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-40.85500; 174.91500</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">19.65 km<sup>2</sup> (7.59 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">8 km (5 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Width</th><td class="infobox-data">2 km (1.2 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">521 m (1709 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest point</th><td class="infobox-data">Tūteremoana</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Administration</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div><b><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_Zealand" title="Regions of New Zealand">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Region" title="Wellington Region">Greater Wellington</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Territorial_authorities_of_New_Zealand" title="Territorial authorities of New Zealand">Territorial authority</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/K%C4%81piti_Coast_District" title="Kāpiti Coast District">Kāpiti Coast District</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kapiti Island</b> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="mi-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/M%C4%81ori" title="Help:IPA/Māori">[kɑːpiti]</a></span>), sometimes written as <b>Kāpiti Island</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an island <a href="/wiki/Nature_reserve" title="Nature reserve">nature reserve</a> located 5.6 km (3 mi) off the west coast of the lower <a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a> of New Zealand and within the <a href="/wiki/K%C4%81piti_Coast_District" title="Kāpiti Coast District">Kāpiti Coast District</a>. Parts of the island were previously farmed, but it is now a predator-free sanctuary for endemic birds, including many endangered birds. The island is 10 km (6.2 mi) long, running southwest/northeast, and roughly 2 km (1.2 mi) wide, being more or less rectangular in shape, and has an area of 19.65 km<sup>2</sup> (7.59 sq mi). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kapiti.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Kapiti.png/220px-Kapiti.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Kapiti.png/330px-Kapiti.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Kapiti.png/440px-Kapiti.png 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="4320" /></a><figcaption>Topographic map of Kapiti Island</figcaption></figure> <p>The island is separated from the North Island by the <a href="/wiki/Rauoterangi_Channel" title="Rauoterangi Channel">Rauoterangi Channel</a>. The highest point on the island is Tūteremoana, 521 m (1,709 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-Prickett_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prickett-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The seaward (west) side of the island is particularly rocky and has high cliffs, some hundreds of metres high, that drop straight into the sea.<sup id="cite_ref-Prickett_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prickett-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cliffs are subject to very strong prevailing westerly winds and the scrubby vegetation that grows there is low and stunted by the harsh environmental conditions. A cross-section of the island would show almost a right-angled triangle, revealing its origins from lying on a <a href="/wiki/Fault_(geology)" title="Fault (geology)">fault</a> line (part of the same ridge as the <a href="/wiki/Tararua_Range" title="Tararua Range">Tararua Range</a>). The island's vegetation is dominated by <a href="/wiki/Shrubland" title="Shrubland">scrub</a> and forest of <a href="/wiki/Kohekohe" title="Kohekohe">kohekohe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beilschmiedia_tawa" title="Beilschmiedia tawa">tawa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kunzea_ericoides" title="Kunzea ericoides">kanuka</a>. Most of the forest is regenerating after years of burn-offs and farming, but some areas of original bush remain, with 30 m (98 ft) trees. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name_and_etymology">Name and etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapiti_Island&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name and etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The full original name for the island is <b>Te Waewae-Kapiti-o-Tara-rāua-ko-Rangitāne</b>, meaning "the boundary of Tara and Rangitāne" and referring to it as a place where the <a href="/wiki/Rohe" title="Rohe">rohe</a> (territories) of Ngāi Tara (now known as <a href="/wiki/Mua%C5%ABpoko" title="Muaūpoko">Muaūpoko</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Rangit%C4%81ne" title="Rangitāne">Rangitāne</a> (descendents of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wh%C4%81tonga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Whātonga (page does not exist)">Whātonga</a>) <a href="/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi">iwi</a> adjoined each other.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Waitangi_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waitangi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word <i>kapiti</i> (meaning 'to be joined') is spelt without a <a href="/wiki/Macron_(diacritic)" title="Macron (diacritic)">macron</a>, and is unrelated to the word <i>kāpiti</i> (cabbage).<sup id="cite_ref-Gazetteer_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gazetteer-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Taura_Whiri_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taura_Whiri-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island does not have an official name, but is recorded on topographical maps and hence in the New Zealand Gazetteer as <i>Kapiti Island</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010 the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Language_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori Language Commission">Māori Language Commission</a> acknowledged that, while the ordinary word <i>kapiti</i> does not have a macron, iwi of the Kāpiti region have evidence from history and local pronunciation that the place name is a variant form of <i>āpiti</i>, and that <i>Kāpiti</i> (with a macron) is correct.<sup id="cite_ref-Taura_Whiri_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taura_Whiri-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the past, it was sometimes spelt <i>Capiti Island</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The island also became known by <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a> as <b>Motu Rongonui</b>, or the "famous island".<sup id="cite_ref-Black_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Black-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> visited New Zealand during his <a href="/wiki/First_voyage_of_James_Cook" title="First voyage of James Cook">1770 survey</a>, he called it Entry Island or Entry Isle,<sup id="cite_ref-TeAra1966_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TeAra1966-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but Cook's name did not come into common use. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapiti_Island&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/K%C4%81piti_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Kāpiti Coast">Kāpiti Coast</a> region has been occupied by Māori since the <a href="/wiki/12th_century" title="12th century">12th century</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Waitangi_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waitangi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around the year 1150, Māori navigator Whātonga of the waka <i><a href="/wiki/Kurahaup%C5%8D" title="Kurahaupō">Kurahaupō</a></i> divided the country into two sections: land from the southern tip of Kapiti Island north was given to his son Tautoki and his ancestors, who became <a href="/wiki/Rangit%C4%81ne" title="Rangitāne">Rangitāne</a> <a href="/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi">iwi</a>, and from the southern tip south was given to his son Tara and ancestors (Ngāi Tara, now known as <a href="/wiki/Mua%C5%ABpoko" title="Muaūpoko">Muaūpoko</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Black_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Black-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The traditional name for the island refers to this division between Ngāi Tara and Rangitāne.<sup id="cite_ref-Gazetteer_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gazetteer-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Waitangi_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waitangi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The island was surveyed in 1770 during the <a href="/wiki/First_voyage_of_James_Cook" title="First voyage of James Cook">first voyage of James Cook</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TeAra1966_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TeAra1966-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Justice_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Justice-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 1800s, the island was in the <a href="/wiki/Rohe" title="Rohe">rohe</a> of Muaūpoko.<sup id="cite_ref-Prickett_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prickett-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Te_Rauparaha" title="Te Rauparaha">Te Rauparaha</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81ti_Toa" title="Ngāti Toa">Ngāti Toa</a> saw the advantage of settling on Kapiti Island, after noticing how Western ships frequented the Cook Strait area, who would be good trading partners.<sup id="cite_ref-Prickett_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prickett-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1821, amid pressure from tribes in the Waikato, Te Rauparaha led a migration of Ngāti Toa from <a href="/wiki/Kawhia_Harbour" title="Kawhia Harbour">Kawhia Harbour</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Cook_Strait" title="Cook Strait">Cook Strait</a>, and went on to settle on the Kapiti Coast and <a href="/wiki/Waikanae" title="Waikanae">Waikanae</a> in 1822, securing it and the island from Muaūpoko in 1823.<sup id="cite_ref-Prickett_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prickett-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tribe regularly sailed in canoes on raiding journeys up to the <a href="/wiki/Whanganui_River" title="Whanganui River">Whanganui River</a> and down to <a href="/wiki/Marlborough_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Marlborough Region">Marlborough</a>. In the Battle of Waiorua (1824) the Ngāti Toa destroyed a force of 2,000 mainland warriors who had landed at the northern end of Kapiti in an attempt to capture the island.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Te Rauparaha encouraged European ships to visit Kapiti, which by 1830 became a centre for the <a href="/wiki/Flax_in_New_Zealand" title="Flax in New Zealand">New Zealand flax trade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Prickett_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prickett-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1850, no members of Ngāti Toa permanently lived on the island, but occasionally visited for the island's resources.<sup id="cite_ref-Justice_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Justice-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ownership">Ownership</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapiti_Island&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ownership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ownership of the island, and nearby <a href="/wiki/Mana_Island_(New_Zealand)" title="Mana Island (New Zealand)">Mana Island</a>, reverted to Ngāti Toa on 31 December 2024 under a Treaty of Waitangi settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Whaling">Whaling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapiti_Island&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Whaling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jillett%27s_whaling_station_on_Kapiti_Island,_1844.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Jillett%27s_whaling_station_on_Kapiti_Island%2C_1844.jpg/220px-Jillett%27s_whaling_station_on_Kapiti_Island%2C_1844.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Jillett%27s_whaling_station_on_Kapiti_Island%2C_1844.jpg/330px-Jillett%27s_whaling_station_on_Kapiti_Island%2C_1844.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Jillett%27s_whaling_station_on_Kapiti_Island%2C_1844.jpg/440px-Jillett%27s_whaling_station_on_Kapiti_Island%2C_1844.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2613" data-file-height="1011" /></a><figcaption>View of Jillett's Whaling Station on Waiorua Beach in 1844. Drawn by <a href="/wiki/Walter_Armiger_Bowring" title="Walter Armiger Bowring">Walter Armiger Bowring</a> in 1907, based on an original sketch by <a href="/wiki/John_Alexander_Gilfillan" title="John Alexander Gilfillan">John Alexander Gilfillan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1830s and 1840s, the island became one of the most developed areas in the country for <a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">whaling</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Prickett_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prickett-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Justice_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Justice-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> due to the <a href="/wiki/South_Taranaki_Bight" title="South Taranaki Bight">South Taranaki Bight</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cook_Strait" title="Cook Strait">Cook Strait</a> being whale nurseries. During whaling times 2,000 people were based on the island. There were seven whaling stations in and around Kapiti Island.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Oil was melted from the <a href="/wiki/Blubber" title="Blubber">blubber</a> and shipped to America for use in machinery before petroleum was used. Five whaling stations were established on Kapiti, with three additional stations on the offshore islets of Tokomapuna, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Motungarara_Island_(Wellington)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Motungarara Island (Wellington) (page does not exist)">Motungarara</a> and Tahoramaurea to the south-east.<sup id="cite_ref-Prickett_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prickett-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The whaling station on Waiorua Bay was surrounded by a "rough township".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the collapse of the whaling industry in the 1840s, whalers and their families left the island.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deforestation_and_farming">Deforestation and farming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapiti_Island&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Deforestation and farming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hunters_on_verandah_of_house,_Kapiti_Island,_(1890s)_(4835443923)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Hunters_on_verandah_of_house%2C_Kapiti_Island%2C_%281890s%29_%284835443923%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Hunters_on_verandah_of_house%2C_Kapiti_Island%2C_%281890s%29_%284835443923%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Hunters_on_verandah_of_house%2C_Kapiti_Island%2C_%281890s%29_%284835443923%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Hunters_on_verandah_of_house%2C_Kapiti_Island%2C_%281890s%29_%284835443923%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Hunters_on_verandah_of_house%2C_Kapiti_Island%2C_%281890s%29_%284835443923%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Hunters_on_verandah_of_house%2C_Kapiti_Island%2C_%281890s%29_%284835443923%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4743" data-file-height="2933" /></a><figcaption>Hunters on Kapiti Island in the 1890s</figcaption></figure> <p>The island was originally forested with <a href="/wiki/Metrosideros_robusta" title="Metrosideros robusta">rātā</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dacrycarpus_dacrydioides" title="Dacrycarpus dacrydioides">kahikatea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dacrydium_cupressinum" title="Dacrydium cupressinum">rimu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Prickett_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prickett-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1825 and 1840 part of the island's vegetation was burned to allow for farming.<sup id="cite_ref-Justice_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Justice-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1874 and the 1890s, the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_Land_Court" title="Māori Land Court">Māori Land Court</a> partitioned the island into blocks, primarily owned by <a href="/wiki/Western_Maori" title="Western Maori">Western Maori</a> MP <a href="/wiki/Wiremu_Parata" title="Wiremu Parata">Wiremu Parata</a> and his family members.<sup id="cite_ref-Justice_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Justice-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1890s, the Wellington Acclimatisation Society requested that Alfred Ross, a leaseholder and sheep farmer on the island, turn his farm into a game reserve, releasing quail, pheasants and later <a href="/wiki/Common_brushtail_possum_in_New_Zealand" title="Common brushtail possum in New Zealand">brushtail possums</a> onto the island.<sup id="cite_ref-Justice_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Justice-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 1900s, most of the island had been acquired by the New Zealand government for the reserve, except for a section in the north. As the land at the north end could no longer be leased to European farmers, it was farmed directly by Ngāti Toa as a sheep farm by the Webber family.<sup id="cite_ref-Justice_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Justice-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Webber family continued to farm on the island until the 1950s, most land being sold in 1967, however Ngāti Toa retain some land and rights of access to the island.<sup id="cite_ref-Justice_14-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Justice-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wildlife_reserve">Wildlife reserve</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapiti_Island&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Wildlife reserve"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prince_William_holding_a_kiwi_(4289520964).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Prince_William_holding_a_kiwi_%284289520964%29.jpg/220px-Prince_William_holding_a_kiwi_%284289520964%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Prince_William_holding_a_kiwi_%284289520964%29.jpg/330px-Prince_William_holding_a_kiwi_%284289520964%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Prince_William_holding_a_kiwi_%284289520964%29.jpg/440px-Prince_William_holding_a_kiwi_%284289520964%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2636" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Wales" title="William, Prince of Wales">William, Prince of Wales</a> holding a kiwi at a <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Conservation_(New_Zealand)" title="Department of Conservation (New Zealand)">Department of Conservation</a> event in 2010</figcaption></figure> <p>Kapiti Island was identified in 1870 as a possible site for creating a bird sanctuary.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1895, the government had begun considering making Kapiti Island into a wildlife reserve, due to the losses in native flora and fauna caused by introduced predators and deforestation across mainland New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-Justice_14-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Justice-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Parata and his family members protested these plans, and in 1896 stated that they had no intention of selling the land to the government – by this time, Kapiti Island was the only part of the Ngāti Toa rohe still in Māori ownership.<sup id="cite_ref-Justice_14-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Justice-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kapiti Island Public Reserve Act 1897 prohibited any further private sales of land on the island, and provided the basis for the island being acquired by the Crown, to be set aside as a nature reserve, with the exception of land still held by original Māori owners or their descendants.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1893 a pair of the now-extinct <a href="/wiki/Huia" title="Huia">huia</a> were going to be sent to Kapiti Island, but were instead taken to England as a present for <a href="/wiki/Lord_Rothschild" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Rothschild">Lord Rothschild</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Suggestions were also made to move now-extinct <a href="/wiki/South_Island_piopio" title="South Island piopio">South Island piopio</a> to Kapiti Island, or another island, but this did not happen due to difficulty capturing the birds.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1924, the New Zealand Native Birds Protection Society (predecessor of the <a href="/wiki/Forest_%26_Bird" title="Forest & Bird">Royal Forest and Bird Protection Society</a>), reported that there had been a significant improvement in the condition of the island, following a reduction in the number of animals.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1928, goats were eradicated, which was followed by the eradication or eviction of cats, deer, sheep, cattle, pigs, and dogs.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1987 the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Conservation_(New_Zealand)" title="Department of Conservation (New Zealand)">Department of Conservation</a> (DOC) took over administration of the island. In the 1980s and 1990s efforts were made to <a href="/wiki/Island_restoration" title="Island restoration">return the island to a natural state</a>. First, sheep and <a href="/wiki/Common_brushtail_possum" title="Common brushtail possum">possums</a> were removed (over 22,500 possums were killed), then, in an action few thought possible for an island of its size, <a href="/wiki/Rat" title="Rat">rats</a> were eradicated by an aerial application of <a href="/wiki/Brodifacoum" title="Brodifacoum">brodifacoum</a> through September and October 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ranger Peter Winston Daniel, who between 1980 and 1987 coordinated the programme which eradicated the pests, was recognised in the <a href="/wiki/1990_New_Year_Honours_(New_Zealand)" title="1990 New Year Honours (New Zealand)">1990 New Year Honours</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island was declared free of mammalian predators in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003 the anonymous Biodiversity Action Group claimed to have released 11 possums on the island, but no evidence of such were found.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ngāti Toa Rangatira and Ātiawa ki Whakarongotai work with the Department of Conservation to guide conservation efforts on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapiti_Island&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Flora and fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kaka_kapiti.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kaka_kapiti.JPG/220px-Kaka_kapiti.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kaka_kapiti.JPG/330px-Kaka_kapiti.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kaka_kapiti.JPG/440px-Kaka_kapiti.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_kaka" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand kaka">kākā</a> on Kapiti Island</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Forest_and_vegetation">Forest and vegetation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapiti_Island&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Forest and vegetation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Currently 28% of Kapiti Island's land area is covered by mixed forest and another 22% is covered by kanuka scrub forest. The most widespread forest types are <a href="/wiki/Kohekohe" title="Kohekohe">kohekohe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beilschmiedia_tawa" title="Beilschmiedia tawa">tawa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-batroosting_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-batroosting-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 14 June 2007, one of the buildings at the Department of Conservation ranger station caught fire, sparking a major emergency operation to prevent the spread of fire to the native bush. Thirty firefighters were flown to the island and managed to contain the blaze, preventing serious damage to the ecosystem.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Birds">Birds</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapiti_Island&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Birds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The island is home to a number of native bird species, mostly re-introduced. These include the <a href="/wiki/South_Island_takah%C4%93" class="mw-redirect" title="South Island takahē">takahē</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Island_k%C5%8Dkako" title="North Island kōkako">North Island kōkako</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brown_teal" title="Brown teal">brown teal</a> (pāteke), <a href="/wiki/Stitchbird" title="Stitchbird">stitchbird</a> (hihi), <a href="/wiki/North_Island_saddleback" title="North Island saddleback">North Island saddleback</a> (tīeke), <a href="/wiki/Tomtit" title="Tomtit">tomtit</a> (miromiro), <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_fantail" title="New Zealand fantail">fantail</a> (piwakawaka), <a href="/wiki/Morepork" title="Morepork">morepork</a> (ruru), <a href="/wiki/Weka" title="Weka">weka</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Island_robin" title="North Island robin">North Island robin</a> (toutouwai). Five <a href="/wiki/Little_spotted_kiwi" title="Little spotted kiwi">little spotted kiwi</a> were <a href="/wiki/Species_translocation" title="Species translocation">translocated</a> from the <a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a> to Kapiti Island in 1912. There are currently 1,200 little spotted kiwi on Kapiti Island, which are now extinct on the mainland.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:8_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 12 October 1912, three <a href="/wiki/K%C4%81k%C4%81p%C5%8D" title="Kākāpō">kākāpō</a> were released on Kapiti Island.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rat eradication has led to increases in <a href="/wiki/Red-crowned_parakeet" title="Red-crowned parakeet">red-fronted parakeets</a>, North Island robins, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_bellbird" title="New Zealand bellbird">bellbirds</a>, and saddlebacks. The island is considered one of New Zealand's most important sites for bird recovery, and a <a href="/wiki/Bird_colony" title="Bird colony">breeding site</a> for seabirds such as the <a href="/wiki/Sooty_shearwater" title="Sooty shearwater">sooty shearwater</a> (tītī). However, sooty shearwaters have been under threat on the island because of predation by weka.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other birds that use the island for breeding include the <a href="/wiki/Spotted_shag" title="Spotted shag">spotted shag</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kapiti Island is one of Wellington region's "coastal habitats of significance for indigenous birds". It provides predator-free nesting habitat to <a href="/wiki/Little_penguin" title="Little penguin">little blue penguins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red-billed_gull" title="Red-billed gull">red-billed gulls</a>, <a href="/wiki/White-fronted_tern" title="White-fronted tern">white-fronted terns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_reef_heron" title="Pacific reef heron">reef herons</a>. A further four Nationally Threatened or At Risk species occur on the coast of Kapiti Island – the <a href="/wiki/Great_cormorant" title="Great cormorant">black shag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caspian_tern" title="Caspian tern">Caspian tern</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australian_pied_cormorant" title="Australian pied cormorant">pied shag</a> and <a href="/wiki/Variable_oystercatcher" title="Variable oystercatcher">variable oystercatcher</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Takahe_noa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Takahe_noa.jpg/220px-Takahe_noa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Takahe_noa.jpg/330px-Takahe_noa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Takahe_noa.jpg/440px-Takahe_noa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1684" data-file-height="2056" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Takah%C4%93" title="Takahē">Takahē</a> on Kapiti Island</figcaption></figure> <p>North Island saddlebacks have been translocated from the <a href="/wiki/Hauraki_Gulf" title="Hauraki Gulf">Hauraki Gulf</a> to Kapiti Island since 1981. The mean annual population growth rate for saddlebacks on Kapiti Island since 1998 has been 33%.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1991 and 1997, 32 North Island kōkako were translocated to Kapiti Island. Between December 1991 and April 1994, 12 adults came from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Te_Rauamoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Te Rauamoa (page does not exist)">Te Rauamoa</a> (four), <a href="/wiki/Hauturu,_Waikato" title="Hauturu, Waikato">Hauturu</a> (one), <a href="/wiki/Manawahe" title="Manawahe">Manawahe</a> (five), and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Makino_(Taranaki)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makino (Taranaki) (page does not exist)">Makino</a> (two). Between June 1995 and March 1996, seven kōkako came from Little Barrier Island. Five came from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mapara_Wildlife_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mapara Wildlife Reserve (page does not exist)">Mapara Wildlife Reserve</a> in 1996, and eight came from the breeding programme of <a href="/wiki/Pukaha_/_Mount_Bruce_National_Wildlife_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Pukaha / Mount Bruce National Wildlife Centre">Pukaha / Mount Bruce National Wildlife Centre</a> between 1994 and 1997. All the birds were banded. In 2002, the population of kōkako on the island was 39, and 10 of 32 translocated kōkako had survived.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (September 2023)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lizards">Lizards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapiti_Island&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Lizards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The island is home to a number of lizard species, including the <i><a href="/wiki/Oligosoma_polychroma" title="Oligosoma polychroma">Oligosoma polychroma</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Brown_skink" title="Brown skink">brown skink</a>, <a href="/wiki/Copper_skink" title="Copper skink">copper skink</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_gecko" class="mw-redirect" title="Common gecko">common gecko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ornate_skink" title="Ornate skink">ornate skink</a>, <a href="/wiki/Forest_gecko" title="Forest gecko">forest gecko</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wellington_green_gecko" title="Wellington green gecko">Wellington green gecko</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gollin_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gollin-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the eradication of pests, the population of some of these multiplied by rates between 2 times and 28 times.<sup id="cite_ref-Gollin_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gollin-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gold-striped_gecko" title="Gold-striped gecko">Gold-striped geckos</a> were discovered on Kapiti Island in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-Gollin_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gollin-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bats">Bats</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapiti_Island&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_long-tailed_bat" title="New Zealand long-tailed bat">New Zealand long-tailed bats</a> live on Kapiti.<sup id="cite_ref-batroosting_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-batroosting-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Twenty <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_lesser_short-tailed_bat" title="New Zealand lesser short-tailed bat">southern lesser short-tailed bats</a> were translocated from the <a href="/wiki/Tararua_Range" title="Tararua Range">Tararua Range</a> to Kapiti Island by the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Conservation_(New_Zealand)" title="Department of Conservation (New Zealand)">Department of Conservation</a> in April 2005,<sup id="cite_ref-batroosting_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-batroosting-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but they suffered health problems and the translocation was unsuccessful.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 1969<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kapiti_Island&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, bats have only been observed in the eastern side of the island. In February 1969 an attempt was made to locate the long-tailed bat colony. For four nights, mist nets were placed in the Te Rere burial caves, and hollow trees were examined along with more burial caves. These efforts went unsuccessful, and the colony was not found, despite sightings of bats in this time period.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Invertebrates">Invertebrates</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapiti_Island&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Invertebrates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Invertebrates on the island include <a href="/wiki/Cave_w%C4%93t%C4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Cave wētā">cave wētā</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hemiandrus" title="Hemiandrus">Kapiti ground wētā</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cicada" title="Cicada">cicada</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Lycaena_salustius" title="Lycaena salustius">Lycaena salustius</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/P%C5%ABriri_moth" title="Pūriri moth">pūriri moth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porrhothele_antipodiana" title="Porrhothele antipodiana">tunnel web spider</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stick_Insect" class="mw-redirect" title="Stick Insect">stick insect</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peripatoides_indigo" title="Peripatoides indigo">ngāokeoke</a> and the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_giraffe_weevil" title="New Zealand giraffe weevil">giraffe weevil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Introduced_predators">Introduced predators</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapiti_Island&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Introduced predators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1999, the Minister of Conservation declared that the island was free of rats and other mammalian predators.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gollin_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gollin-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island has over 200 traps for rodents and <a href="/wiki/Mustelidae" title="Mustelidae">mustelids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Stoat" title="Stoat">stoat</a>, an introduced mustelid responsible for decimating the bird life in New Zealand, was seen on the island in December 2010, and by August the next year the Department of Conservation had removed three of them.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is believed that they reached Kapiti Island by a combination of drifting and swimming from the mainland.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marine_reserve">Marine reserve</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapiti_Island&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Marine reserve"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kapiti_Marine_Reserve" title="Kapiti Marine Reserve">Kapiti Marine Reserve</a></div> <p>The Kapiti Marine Reserve was established in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No fishing is allowed in this reserve, but swimming, diving and snorkelling are permitted.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reserve is split into eastern and western sections. The eastern section is 1,825 ha (4,510 acres) and extends from Kapiti Island to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Waikanae_Estuary_Scientific_Reserve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Waikanae Estuary Scientific Reserve (page does not exist)">Waikanae Estuary Scientific Reserve</a>. There is a 70 m deep channel with strong currents between the island and the Waikanae coast. Whales were regularly seen in the passage until the 20th century. The western section of the reserve is an area of 342 ha (850 acres) to the west of Kapiti Island, and is known for its <a href="/wiki/P%C4%81ua" title="Pāua">pāua</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rock_lobsters" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock lobsters">rock lobsters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other marine life around Kapiti Island includes the <a href="/wiki/Common_dolphin" title="Common dolphin">common dolphin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arctocephalus_forsteri" title="Arctocephalus forsteri">New Zealand fur seal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orca" title="Orca">orca</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Eagle_ray" title="Eagle ray">eagle ray</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapiti_Island&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is a weather station at Rangatira Bay that measures rainfall, <a href="/wiki/Wet-bulb_temperature" title="Wet-bulb temperature">wet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dry-bulb_temperature" title="Dry-bulb temperature">dry-bulb temperatures</a>, wind speed and direction, cloud cover, and visibility. On average, the island experiences 1,064 mm of annual rainfall. February is the warmest month with a mean temperature of 16.9 °C, July is the coldest with a mean of 8.9 °C. Kapiti Island only experiences an average of 0.4 frosts per year. Most wind comes from the north-west.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kapiti's <a href="/wiki/Beilschmiedia_tawa" title="Beilschmiedia tawa">tawa</a> forest is often covered by a cloud cap which causes increased precipitation and soil moisture in the area, and decreased temperature and sunlight.<sup id="cite_ref-batroosting_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-batroosting-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Kapiti Island (1971–2000 normals, extremes 1931–1987) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.3<br />(86.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8<br />(82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6<br />(83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.8<br />(80.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">30.3<br />(86.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3<br />(77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.3<br />(73.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6<br />(63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3<br />(57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.9<br />(66.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3<br />(54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7<br />(53.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3<br />(54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0<br />(57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8<br />(60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0<br />(64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2<br />(54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4<br />(57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4<br />(47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(52.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2<br />(55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.0<br />(51.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2<br />(50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4<br />(48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0<br />(46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4<br />(41.7) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3<br />(39.7) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0<br />(39.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFEFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6<br />(40.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8<br />(42.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6<br />(38.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(40.5) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(34.0) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.6<br />(30.9) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.6<br />(30.9) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1<br />(34.0) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4<br />(34.5) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4<br />(36.3) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−0.6<br />(30.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #A1FFA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.9<br />(2.48) </td> <td style="background: #77FF77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.0<br />(3.27) </td> <td style="background: #94FF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.8<br />(2.83) </td> <td style="background: #73FF73; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.4<br />(3.56) </td> <td style="background: #66FF66; color:#000000;" class="notheme">102.4<br />(4.03) </td> <td style="background: #53FF53; color:#000000;" class="notheme">111.4<br />(4.39) </td> <td style="background: #6DFF6D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97.4<br />(3.83) </td> <td style="background: #7CFF7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.9<br />(3.46) </td> <td style="background: #73FF73; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.3<br />(3.56) </td> <td style="background: #62FF62; color:#000000;" class="notheme">104.8<br />(4.13) </td> <td style="background: #76FF76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.5<br />(3.48) </td> <td style="background: #6DFF6D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97.8<br />(3.85) </td> <td style="background: #75FF75; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,088.6<br />(42.87) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: NIWA (rain 1981–2010)<sup id="cite_ref-NIWA_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIWA-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology_and_geography">Geology and geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapiti_Island&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Geology and geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kapiti_and_Paraparaumu,_New_Zealand,_6_July_2005_-_Flickr_-_PhillipC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Kapiti_and_Paraparaumu%2C_New_Zealand%2C_6_July_2005_-_Flickr_-_PhillipC.jpg/220px-Kapiti_and_Paraparaumu%2C_New_Zealand%2C_6_July_2005_-_Flickr_-_PhillipC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Kapiti_and_Paraparaumu%2C_New_Zealand%2C_6_July_2005_-_Flickr_-_PhillipC.jpg/330px-Kapiti_and_Paraparaumu%2C_New_Zealand%2C_6_July_2005_-_Flickr_-_PhillipC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Kapiti_and_Paraparaumu%2C_New_Zealand%2C_6_July_2005_-_Flickr_-_PhillipC.jpg/440px-Kapiti_and_Paraparaumu%2C_New_Zealand%2C_6_July_2005_-_Flickr_-_PhillipC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2872" data-file-height="1908" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of Kapiti Island, with <a href="/wiki/Paraparaumu" title="Paraparaumu">Paraparaumu</a> in the background</figcaption></figure> <p>Kapiti Island is 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) long and 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) wide, with an area of 1,965 ha (4,860 acres). It is 30 kilometres north of <a href="/wiki/Wellington" title="Wellington">Wellington</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:7_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and separated from the mainland by the Rauoterangi Channel.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several islets are located in the channel close to island, including Tokomāpuna Island / Aeroplane Island,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tahoramaurea Island / Browns Island<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Motungārara Island / Fishermans Island.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are multiple active fault lines around both sides of Kapiti Island.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eastern side of Kapiti Island has steep cliffs which were created due to uplift from an offshore fault and waves causing erosion on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Prickett_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prickett-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 42">: 42 </span></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Submarine_canyon" title="Submarine canyon">submarine canyon</a> called the Kapiti Seavalley runs parallel to the island, approximately seven kilometres to the west.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the north of the island is a freshwater lake called Ōkupe Lagoon.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are several streams which travel eastwards.<sup id="cite_ref-Prickett_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prickett-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 42">: 42 </span></sup> The highest point on the island is named Tūteremoana, which is 521 metres (1,709 ft) above sea level.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of the island in owned by <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_New_Zealand" title="Monarchy of New Zealand">the Crown</a>, with a small part owned by Māori. The islets surrounding Kapiti are also Māori-owned.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Prickett_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prickett-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Heritage_sites">Heritage sites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapiti_Island&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Heritage sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kapiti Island has several sites recognised by <a href="/wiki/Heritage_New_Zealand" title="Heritage New Zealand">Heritage New Zealand</a>. </p><p>One such building is named 'The Whare', which is located around the centre of the island. It is the oldest building on Kapiti Island and is New Zealand's oldest building associated with conservation. The construction date of this building is not known, but evidence suggests that it was built in 1880 or earlier. The building was used to accommodate people involved with the farming of sheep on the island at the time. After the island became a nature reserve, the Whare housed caretakers and conservationists, including <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henry_(conservationist)" title="Richard Henry (conservationist)">Richard Henry</a>. After a building specially made for caretakers was constructed in the early 20th century, the Whare was used to house guests of the island instead.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uploading_images" title="Wikipedia:Uploading images"><span title="It is requested that a freely-licensed image or photograph be provided (September 2023)">image needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Another heritage site is Te Kahuoterangi Whaling Station, a whaling station built between the 1830s and 1840s.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is about a kilometre south of Waiorua Bay and is under coastal forest and dense scrub.<sup id="cite_ref-Prickett_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prickett-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is not known when operation of the station started, but evidence suggests that the station was in operation in 1839 and ended in 1843. In 1843 it was the station of multiple boats. The remains of the station are considered to be some of the most intact shore stations in New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-Prickett_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prickett-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1910, twenty stone hearths had been found.<sup id="cite_ref-Prickett_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prickett-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uploading_images" title="Wikipedia:Uploading images"><span title="It is requested that a freely-licensed image or photograph be provided (September 2023)">image needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapiti_Island&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kapiti Island is a predator-free nature reserve and access is restricted. Visitors must have a permit to land on the island, and this is usually arranged via tourism operators. Access to Rangatira, a location half-way along the eastern shore is limited to a maximum of 100 visitors per day, and access to the north end is limited to 60 visitors per day. Visitors are not allowed to stay overnight in the area around Rangatira managed by the Department of Conservation. However, there is a private lodge at Waioura Bay on the north end of the island, operated by Kapiti Island Nature Tours where visitors can stay overnight.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Walking tracks for visitors landing at the Rangatira area include the Rangatira Loop Track which is 1.8 km (1.1 mi) and takes approximately 90 minutes. This is a loop and goes through regenerating forest, coastal shrubland, and the Rangatira wetland via a boardwalk. This track allows visitors to see <a href="/wiki/Trypot" class="mw-redirect" title="Trypot">trypots</a> previously used for rendering whale blubber, and the historic Whare. The Wilkinson Track is 3.8 km (2.4 mi) one way, and takes approximately 2 hours to complete. It passes through a picnic area and a feeding station for hihi on the route to the summit of the island. The Trig Track is 2 km (1.2 mi) one way, and ascends to near the summit, taking approximately 2 hours to complete. The Okupe Valley Loop Track is 4.8 km (3.0 mi) and takes approximately 90 minutes, going to cliffs on the west of Kapiti Island. The Boulder Bank Loop Track is 2 km (1.2 mi) and takes approximately 45 minutes, following the coastline around the boulder bank. It is closed between October and March to prevent people disturbing nesting birds.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film_and_television">Film and television</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapiti_Island&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Film and television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A film for television <i>Island of Spirits</i>, was made by <a href="/wiki/Alistair_Te_Ariki_Campbell" title="Alistair Te Ariki Campbell">Alistair Te Ariki Campbell</a> in 1973, exploring the history of the island from the time of it being a base for Māori chief Te Rauparaha, to being the site of whaling stations and then its transition to a bird sanctuary.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2005 film <i><a href="/wiki/King_Kong_(2005_film)" title="King Kong (2005 film)">King Kong</a></i> was filmed partly on Kapiti Island.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The island was used as a filming location alongside other parts of the <a href="/wiki/K%C4%81piti_Coast_District" title="Kāpiti Coast District">Kāpiti Coast</a> in a film called <i>Poppy</i> (2021), about a girl with <a href="/wiki/Down_syndrome" title="Down syndrome">Down syndrome</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapiti_Island&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1275594942">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center .gallery{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left .gallery{justify-content:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right .gallery{justify-content:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery.gallery.gallery{line-height:1.35em;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{outline:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kapiti_Island_from_QE_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kapiti Island from Queen Elizabeth Park"><img alt="Kapiti Island from Queen Elizabeth Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Kapiti_Island_from_QE_Park.jpg/180px-Kapiti_Island_from_QE_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Kapiti_Island_from_QE_Park.jpg/270px-Kapiti_Island_from_QE_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Kapiti_Island_from_QE_Park.jpg/360px-Kapiti_Island_from_QE_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kapiti Island from <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Park,_K%C4%81piti_Coast" title="Queen Elizabeth Park, Kāpiti Coast">Queen Elizabeth Park</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flight_from_Rotorua_to_Queenstown._Kapiti_Island_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aerial view of Kapiti Island"><img alt="Aerial view of Kapiti Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flight_from_Rotorua_to_Queenstown._Kapiti_Island_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-Flight_from_Rotorua_to_Queenstown._Kapiti_Island_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flight_from_Rotorua_to_Queenstown._Kapiti_Island_-_panoramio.jpg/270px-Flight_from_Rotorua_to_Queenstown._Kapiti_Island_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flight_from_Rotorua_to_Queenstown._Kapiti_Island_-_panoramio.jpg/360px-Flight_from_Rotorua_to_Queenstown._Kapiti_Island_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1151" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aerial view of Kapiti Island</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Driftwood_fort,_Kapiti_Island.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Driftwood fort with Kapiti Island in the background"><img alt="Driftwood fort with Kapiti Island in the background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Driftwood_fort%2C_Kapiti_Island.jpg/180px-Driftwood_fort%2C_Kapiti_Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Driftwood_fort%2C_Kapiti_Island.jpg/270px-Driftwood_fort%2C_Kapiti_Island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Driftwood_fort%2C_Kapiti_Island.jpg/360px-Driftwood_fort%2C_Kapiti_Island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Driftwood_fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Driftwood fort">Driftwood fort</a> with Kapiti Island in the background</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nicholas_Chevalier_-_Kapiti_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kapiti (c. 1868), watercolour by Nicholas Chevalier"><img alt="Kapiti (c. 1868), watercolour by Nicholas Chevalier" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Nicholas_Chevalier_-_Kapiti_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/180px-Nicholas_Chevalier_-_Kapiti_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Nicholas_Chevalier_-_Kapiti_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/270px-Nicholas_Chevalier_-_Kapiti_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Nicholas_Chevalier_-_Kapiti_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/360px-Nicholas_Chevalier_-_Kapiti_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5173" data-file-height="2719" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Kapiti</i> (c. 1868), watercolour by <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Chevalier" title="Nicholas Chevalier">Nicholas Chevalier</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:North_coast_of_Kapiti_Island.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View of Arapawaiti Point and the steep cliffs on the north side of the island"><img alt="View of Arapawaiti Point and the steep cliffs on the north side of the island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/North_coast_of_Kapiti_Island.jpg/121px-North_coast_of_Kapiti_Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/North_coast_of_Kapiti_Island.jpg/182px-North_coast_of_Kapiti_Island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/North_coast_of_Kapiti_Island.jpg/243px-North_coast_of_Kapiti_Island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View of Arapawaiti Point and the steep cliffs on the north side of the island</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_from_Kapiti.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View from Tūteremoana, looking south along the steep cliffs towards Kaiwharawhara Point"><img alt="View from Tūteremoana, looking south along the steep cliffs towards Kaiwharawhara Point" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/South_from_Kapiti.jpg/180px-South_from_Kapiti.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/South_from_Kapiti.jpg/270px-South_from_Kapiti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/South_from_Kapiti.jpg/360px-South_from_Kapiti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View from Tūteremoana, looking south along the steep cliffs towards Kaiwharawhara Point</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapiti_Island&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_New_Zealand" title="List of islands of New Zealand">List of islands of New Zealand</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapiti_Island&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKāpiti_Coast_District_Council" class="citation web cs1">Kāpiti Coast District Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kapiticoast.govt.nz/our-district/the-kapiti-coast/kapiti-island/">"Kāpiti Island"</a>. <i>www.kapiticoast.govt.nz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230702061729/https://www.kapiticoast.govt.nz/our-district/the-kapiti-coast/kapiti-island/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kapiticoast.govt.nz&rft.atitle=K%C4%81piti+Island&rft.au=K%C4%81piti+Coast+District+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kapiticoast.govt.nz%2Four-district%2Fthe-kapiti-coast%2Fkapiti-island%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prickett-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Prickett_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prickett_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prickett_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prickett_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prickett_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prickett_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prickett_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prickett_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prickett_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prickett_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prickett_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prickett_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prickett_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prickett_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prickett_2-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrickett,_Nigel1983" class="citation journal cs1">Prickett, Nigel (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/62677782">"An Archaeological Reconnaissance of the Shore Whaling Industry on Kapiti Island, New Zealand"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Records_of_the_Auckland_Institute_and_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum">Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum</a></i>. <b>20</b>: <span class="nowrap">41–</span>63. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0067-0464">0067-0464</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/42906515">42906515</a>. <a href="/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="WDQ (identifier)">Wikidata</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58677530" class="extiw" title="d:Q58677530">Q58677530</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Records+of+the+Auckland+Institute+and+Museum&rft.atitle=An+Archaeological+Reconnaissance+of+the+Shore+Whaling+Industry+on+Kapiti+Island%2C+New+Zealand&rft.volume=20&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E41-%3C%2Fspan%3E63&rft.date=1983&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F42906515%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0067-0464&rft.au=Prickett%2C+Nigel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F62677782&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/24522">"Kapiti Island"</a>. <i>New Zealand Gazetteer</i>. Land Information New Zealand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211129195813/https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/24522">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2022</span>. <q>The full original Māori name for the island is 'Te Waewae-Kapiti-o-Tara-rāua-ko-Rangitāne'; Ngāti Toa (who have membership on Te Whakaminenga o Kapiti – a local iwi group) advised that the full name relates to the junction line of the boundaries between the Ngāi Tara and Rangitāne tribal lands.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Gazetteer&rft.atitle=Kapiti+Island&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgazetteer.linz.govt.nz%2Fplace%2F24522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Waitangi-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Waitangi_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Waitangi_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Waitangi_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBauchop1997" class="citation web cs1">Bauchop, Heather (July 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forms.justice.govt.nz/search/Documents/WT/wt_DOC_93653064/Wai%20145,%20H005.pdf">"Ngati Ira and Rangitane in Te-Whanganui-a-Tara to 1865"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. New Zealand Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210421100715/https://forms.justice.govt.nz/search/Documents/WT/wt_DOC_93653064/Wai%20145,%20H005.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 21 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ngati+Ira+and+Rangitane+in+Te-Whanganui-a-Tara+to+1865&rft.pub=New+Zealand+Government&rft.date=1997-07&rft.aulast=Bauchop&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforms.justice.govt.nz%2Fsearch%2FDocuments%2FWT%2Fwt_DOC_93653064%2FWai%2520145%2C%2520H005.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/parks-and-recreation/places-to-visit/wellington/kapiti-island-brochure.pdf">"Kapiti Island brochure"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Conservation_(New_Zealand)" title="Department of Conservation (New Zealand)">Department of Conservation</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231005080922/https://www.doc.govt.nz/globalassets/documents/parks-and-recreation/places-to-visit/wellington/kapiti-island-brochure.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 5 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Conservation&rft.atitle=Kapiti+Island+brochure&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.doc.govt.nz%2Fglobalassets%2Fdocuments%2Fparks-and-recreation%2Fplaces-to-visit%2Fwellington%2Fkapiti-island-brochure.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gazetteer-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gazetteer_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gazetteer_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/24522">"Kapiti Island"</a>. <i>New Zealand Gazetteer</i>. Land Information New Zealand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200120014357/https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/24522">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Gazetteer&rft.atitle=Kapiti+Island&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgazetteer.linz.govt.nz%2Fplace%2F24522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Taura_Whiri-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Taura_Whiri_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Taura_Whiri_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PO1003/S00188.htm">"Kāpiti the place name and kapiti the word"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Te_Taura_Whiri_i_te_Reo_M%C4%81ori" title="Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori">Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori</a>. 11 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2021</span> – via Scoop.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=K%C4%81piti+the+place+name+and+kapiti+the+word&rft.pub=Te+Taura+Whiri+i+te+Reo+M%C4%81ori&rft.date=2010-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scoop.co.nz%2Fstories%2FPO1003%2FS00188.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/24522">"Kapiti Island"</a>. <i>New Zealand Gazetteer</i>. Land Information New Zealand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211129195813/https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/24522">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 January</span> 2022</span>. <q>Kapiti Island[:] This name is not official – this feature does not have an official name</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Gazetteer&rft.atitle=Kapiti+Island&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgazetteer.linz.govt.nz%2Fplace%2F24522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19501215.2.149.4">"An early whaler"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Press" title="The Press">The Press</a></i>. 15 December 1950. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230816022514/https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19501215.2.149.4?items_per_page=10&phrase=2&query=capiti&snippet=true&sort_by=byDA.rev">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2023</span> – via paperspast.natlib.govt.nz.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Press&rft.atitle=An+early+whaler&rft.date=1950-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2FCHP19501215.2.149.4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NEM19410917.2.35">"One hundred years ago to-day"</a>. <i>Nelson Evening Mail</i>. 17 September 1941. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230816022515/https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NEM19410917.2.35">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2023</span> – via paperspast.natlib.govt.nz.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nelson+Evening+Mail&rft.atitle=One+hundred+years+ago+to-day&rft.date=1941-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2FNEM19410917.2.35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Black-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Black_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Black_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlack2020" class="citation web cs1">Black, Sandi (28 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/whanganui-chronicle/news/museum-notebook-kapiti-island-a-meeting-of-two-cultures/U5IGUG6IKTUJNGPV6K2H4KNFYQ/">"Museum Notebook: Kāpiti Island – a meeting of two cultures"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Whanganui_Chronicle" title="Whanganui Chronicle">Whanganui Chronicle</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210424024423/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/whanganui-chronicle/news/museum-notebook-kapiti-island-a-meeting-of-two-cultures/U5IGUG6IKTUJNGPV6K2H4KNFYQ/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand Herald</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Whanganui+Chronicle&rft.atitle=Museum+Notebook%3A+K%C4%81piti+Island+%E2%80%93+a+meeting+of+two+cultures&rft.date=2020-12-28&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Sandi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fwhanganui-chronicle%2Fnews%2Fmuseum-notebook-kapiti-island-a-meeting-of-two-cultures%2FU5IGUG6IKTUJNGPV6K2H4KNFYQ%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TeAra1966-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TeAra1966_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TeAra1966_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHornabrook1966" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Hornabrook, Judith Sidney (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/1966/kapiti-island">"Kapiti Island"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/An_Encyclopaedia_of_New_Zealand" title="An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand">An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200604204757/https://teara.govt.nz/en/1966/kapiti-island">Archived</a> from the original on 4 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2021</span> – via Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kapiti+Island&rft.btitle=An+Encyclopaedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Hornabrook&rft.aufirst=Judith+Sidney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2F1966%2Fkapiti-island&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReid2005" class="citation web cs1">Reid, Darren (8 February 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/muaupoko/page-1">"Muaūpoko – Early history"</a>. <i>Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210424024433/https://teara.govt.nz/en/muaupoko/page-1">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Te+Ara+%E2%80%93+the+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Mua%C5%ABpoko+%E2%80%93+Early+history&rft.date=2005-02-08&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=Darren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fmuaupoko%2Fpage-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Justice-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Justice_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Justice_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Justice_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Justice_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Justice_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Justice_14-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Justice_14-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Justice_14-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Justice_14-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Justice_14-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoastGilling2008" class="citation web cs1">Boast, R; Gilling, B D (August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forms.justice.govt.nz/search/Documents/WT/wt_DOC_142956055/Wai%202200%2C%20A206.pdf">"Ngati Toa Lands Research Project Report Two: 1865–1975"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. New Zealand Government. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220307174612/https://forms.justice.govt.nz/search/Documents/WT/wt_DOC_142956055/Wai%202200%2C%20A206.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 7 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ngati+Toa+Lands+Research+Project+Report+Two%3A+1865%E2%80%931975&rft.pub=New+Zealand+Government&rft.date=2008-08&rft.aulast=Boast&rft.aufirst=R&rft.au=Gilling%2C+B+D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforms.justice.govt.nz%2Fsearch%2FDocuments%2FWT%2Fwt_DOC_142956055%2FWai%25202200%252C%2520A206.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thepost.co.nz/nz-news/360537256/ngati-toa-takes-ownership-kapiti-and-mana-islands">"Ngāti Toa takes ownership of Kapiti and Mana islands"</a>. <i>www.thepost.co.nz</i>. 31 December 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thepost.co.nz&rft.atitle=Ng%C4%81ti+Toa+takes+ownership+of+Kapiti+and+Mana+islands&rft.date=2024-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepost.co.nz%2Fnz-news%2F360537256%2Fngati-toa-takes-ownership-kapiti-and-mana-islands&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHook1978" class="citation thesis cs1">Hook, Trevor (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/10511"><i>Recreational resource management: Kapiti Island, a New Zealand case study of visitor usage, and perception</i></a> (MA thesis). Massey University. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221206165512/https://mro.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/10511">Archived</a> from the original on 6 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Recreational+resource+management%3A+Kapiti+Island%2C+a+New+Zealand+case+study+of+visitor+usage%2C+and+perception&rft.degree=MA&rft.inst=Massey+University&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Hook&rft.aufirst=Trevor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmro.massey.ac.nz%2Fhandle%2F10179%2F10511&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>New Zealand's first century : the Dominion's scene and story : the pageant of nation-making</i>. T.P.R. Printing Co. 1939. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/books/ALMA1939-9917504243502836-New-Zealand-s-first-century---th">https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/books/ALMA1939-9917504243502836-New-Zealand-s-first-century---th</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-908329-41-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-908329-41-0"><bdi>978-0-908329-41-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Zealand%27s+first+century+%3A+the+Dominion%27s+scene+and+story+%3A+the+pageant+of+nation-making&rft.pages=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fbooks%2FALMA1939-9917504243502836-New-Zealand-s-first-century---th&rft.pub=T.P.R.+Printing+Co.&rft.date=1939&rft.isbn=978-0-908329-41-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.doc.govt.nz/parks-and-recreation/places-to-go/wellington-kapiti/places/kapiti-island-nature-reserve/nature-and-conservation/">"Kapiti Island nature and conservation"</a>. <i>www.doc.govt.nz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240914215913/https://www.doc.govt.nz/parks-and-recreation/places-to-go/wellington-kapiti/places/kapiti-island-nature-reserve/nature-and-conservation/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.doc.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Kapiti+Island+nature+and+conservation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.doc.govt.nz%2Fparks-and-recreation%2Fplaces-to-go%2Fwellington-kapiti%2Fplaces%2Fkapiti-island-nature-reserve%2Fnature-and-conservation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1897/0028/latest/whole.html#DLM134259">"Kapiti Island Public Reserve Act 1897"</a>. <i>New Zealand Legislation</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180205223741/http://legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1897/0028/latest/whole.html#DLM134259">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Legislation&rft.atitle=Kapiti+Island+Public+Reserve+Act+1897&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.govt.nz%2Fact%2Fpublic%2F1897%2F0028%2Flatest%2Fwhole.html%23DLM134259&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2004" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Kerry-Jayne (2004). <i>Flight of the huia: ecology and conservation of New Zealand's frogs, reptiles, birds, and mammals</i>. Christchurch, N.Z: Canterbury University Press. p. 265. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-908812-52-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-908812-52-3"><bdi>978-0-908812-52-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flight+of+the+huia%3A+ecology+and+conservation+of+New+Zealand%27s+frogs%2C+reptiles%2C+birds%2C+and+mammals&rft.place=Christchurch%2C+N.Z&rft.pages=265&rft.pub=Canterbury+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-908812-52-3&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Kerry-Jayne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nzbirdsonline.org.nz/species/south-island-piopio">"South Island piopio | Piopio | New Zealand Birds Online"</a>. <i>nzbirdsonline.org.nz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240420081251/https://nzbirdsonline.org.nz/species/south-island-piopio">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nzbirdsonline.org.nz&rft.atitle=South+Island+piopio+%7C+Piopio+%7C+New+Zealand+Birds+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnzbirdsonline.org.nz%2Fspecies%2Fsouth-island-piopio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Kapiti Island". <i>New Zealand Times</i>. 29 May 1924 – via <a href="/wiki/Papers_Past" class="mw-redirect" title="Papers Past">Papers Past</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Times&rft.atitle=Kapiti+Island&rft.date=1924-05-29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeston2003" class="citation news cs1">Beston, Anne (14 January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=3051236">"Hunters the hunted in Kapiti sabotage"</a>. <i>New Zealand Herald</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230907000904/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/hunters-the-hunted-in-kapiti-sabotage/NYBLC6KM3JDVRQTOQTP735KNGY/?c_id=1&objectid=3051236">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atitle=Hunters+the+hunted+in+Kapiti+sabotage&rft.date=2003-01-14&rft.aulast=Beston&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D1%26objectid%3D3051236&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19891230.2.35">"New Year Honours List"</a>. <i>paperspast.natlib.govt.nz</i>. 30 December 1989. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230827053833/https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19891230.2.35">Archived</a> from the original on 27 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=paperspast.natlib.govt.nz&rft.atitle=New+Year+Honours+List&rft.date=1989-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2FCHP19891230.2.35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"How eradication almost didn't happen". <i><a href="/wiki/Wanganui_Chronicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanganui Chronicle">Wanganui Chronicle</a></i>. 16 March 2022. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/docview/2638964969">2638964969</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wanganui+Chronicle&rft.atitle=How+eradication+almost+didn%27t+happen&rft.date=2022-03-16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConservation2022" class="citation web cs1">Conservation, Department of (9 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.doc.govt.nz/2022/02/10/how-the-kapiti-island-rat-eradication-almost-didnt-happen/,%20https://blog.doc.govt.nz/2022/02/10/how-the-kapiti-island-rat-eradication-almost-didnt-happen/">"How the Kāpiti Island Rat eradication (almost) didn't happen | Conservation blog"</a>. <i>blog.doc.govt.nz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240914215913/https://blog.doc.govt.nz/2022/02/10/how-the-kapiti-island-rat-eradication-almost-didnt-happen/">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=blog.doc.govt.nz&rft.atitle=How+the+K%C4%81piti+Island+Rat+eradication+%28almost%29+didn%27t+happen+%7C+Conservation+blog&rft.date=2022-02-09&rft.aulast=Conservation&rft.aufirst=Department+of&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.doc.govt.nz%2F2022%2F02%2F10%2Fhow-the-kapiti-island-rat-eradication-almost-didnt-happen%2F%2C%2520https%3A%2F%2Fblog.doc.govt.nz%2F2022%2F02%2F10%2Fhow-the-kapiti-island-rat-eradication-almost-didnt-happen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-batroosting-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-batroosting_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-batroosting_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-batroosting_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-batroosting_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuffellSedgeleyParsons2007" class="citation journal cs1">Ruffell, Jay; Sedgeley, Jane; Parsons, Stuart (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014220709510080">"The potential availability of roosting sites for lesser short-tailed bats (<i>Mystacina tuberculata</i>) on Kapiti Island, New Zealand: Implications for a translocation"</a>. <i>New Zealand Journal of Zoology</i>. <b>34</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">219–</span>226. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03014220709510080">10.1080/03014220709510080</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0301-4223">0301-4223</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:83715451">83715451</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240914215914/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03014220709510080">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Journal+of+Zoology&rft.atitle=The+potential+availability+of+roosting+sites+for+lesser+short-tailed+bats+%28Mystacina+tuberculata%29+on+Kapiti+Island%2C+New+Zealand%3A+Implications+for+a+translocation&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E219-%3C%2Fspan%3E226&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A83715451%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0301-4223&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03014220709510080&rft.aulast=Ruffell&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft.au=Sedgeley%2C+Jane&rft.au=Parsons%2C+Stuart&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1080%2F03014220709510080&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlundell2007" class="citation news cs1">Blundell, Kay (15 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pressreader.com/new-zealand/the-dominion-post/20070614/281526516636271">"Mass effort to quell Kapiti Island fire"</a>. <i>Dominion Post</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230907000912/https://www.pressreader.com/new-zealand/the-dominion-post/20070614/281526516636271">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dominion+Post&rft.atitle=Mass+effort+to+quell+Kapiti+Island+fire&rft.date=2007-06-15&rft.aulast=Blundell&rft.aufirst=Kay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pressreader.com%2Fnew-zealand%2Fthe-dominion-post%2F20070614%2F281526516636271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenny" class="citation web cs1">Denny, Edward. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/kapiti-island-nature-reserve">"Kapiti Island Nature Reserve"</a>. <i>Atlas Obscura</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200812042230/https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/kapiti-island-nature-reserve">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atlas+Obscura&rft.atitle=Kapiti+Island+Nature+Reserve&rft.aulast=Denny&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlasobscura.com%2Fplaces%2Fkapiti-island-nature-reserve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamstadGibbRobertsonColbourne2021" class="citation journal cs1">Ramstad, Kristina M.; Gibb, Gillian C.; Robertson, Hugh A.; Colbourne, Rogan M.; Doran, Erin E.; Shepherd, Lara D. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NZ+Herald&rft.atitle=It%27s+bird-eat-bird+on+K%C4%81piti+Island&rft.date=2023-09-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fsponsored-stories%2Fits-bird-eat-bird-on-kapiti-island%2FB7BNJXPK6MCS65G7A7KDSX2TTA%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.birdsnz.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Notornis_47_3_169.pdf#">"Spotted shags breeding on Kapiti Island"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gw.govt.nz/assets/Our-Environment/Environmental-monitoring/Environmental-Reporting/Wellington-coastal-bird-survey-report-July-2019-v4.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+baseline+survey+of+the+indigenous+bird+values+of+the+Wellington+region+coastline&rft.pages=47&rft.date=2019-08-20&rft.aulast=McArthur&rft.aufirst=Nikki&rft.au=Ray%2C+Samantha&rft.au=Crowe%2C+Patrick&rft.au=Bell%2C+Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gw.govt.nz%2Fassets%2FOur-Environment%2FEnvironmental-monitoring%2FEnvironmental-Reporting%2FWellington-coastal-bird-survey-report-July-2019-v4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuarusPaquetteHaleRitchie2011" class="citation journal cs1">Ruarus, Sylvia P.; Paquette, Sebastien Rioux; Hale, Katrina; Ritchie, Peter A. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Gazetteer&rft.atitle=Rauoterangi+Channel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgazetteer.linz.govt.nz%2Fplace%2F4993&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/44360">"Tokomāpuna Island / Aeroplane Island"</a>. <i>New Zealand Gazetteer</i>. Toitū Te Whenua Land Information New Zealand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231005080925/https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/44360">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Gazetteer&rft.atitle=Tokom%C4%81puna+Island+%2F+Aeroplane+Island&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgazetteer.linz.govt.nz%2Fplace%2F44360&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/41142">"Tahoramaurea Island / Browns Island"</a>. <i>New Zealand Gazetteer</i>. Toitū Te Whenua Land Information New Zealand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231005080925/https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/41142">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Gazetteer&rft.atitle=Tahoramaurea+Island+%2F+Browns+Island&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgazetteer.linz.govt.nz%2Fplace%2F41142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/30482">"Motungārara Island / Fishermans Island"</a>. <i>New Zealand Gazetteer</i>. Toitū Te Whenua Land Information New Zealand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240914215915/https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/30482">Archived</a> from the original on 14 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Gazetteer&rft.atitle=Motung%C4%81rara+Island+%2F+Fishermans+Island&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgazetteer.linz.govt.nz%2Fplace%2F30482&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/14521">"Kapiti Seavalley"</a>. <i>New Zealand Gazetteer</i>. Toitū Te Whenua Land Information New Zealand<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Gazetteer&rft.atitle=Kapiti+Seavalley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgazetteer.linz.govt.nz%2Fplace%2F14521&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/33419">"Ōkupe Lagoon"</a>. <i>New Zealand Gazetteer</i>. Toitū Te Whenua Land Information New Zealand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231005080924/https://gazetteer.linz.govt.nz/place/33419">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Gazetteer&rft.atitle=%C5%8Ckupe+Lagoon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgazetteer.linz.govt.nz%2Fplace%2F33419&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gw.govt.nz/assets/WRS/Biodiversity/36-Kapiti-Island.pdf">"Kāpiti Island"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Greater Wellington Regional Council</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200219131411/https://www.gw.govt.nz/assets/WRS/Biodiversity/36-Kapiti-Island.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 19 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Greater+Wellington+Regional+Council&rft.atitle=K%C4%81piti+Island&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gw.govt.nz%2Fassets%2FWRS%2FBiodiversity%2F36-Kapiti-Island.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritage.org.nz/list-details/7342/The%20Whare">"The Whare, Kapiti Island"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Heritage_New_Zealand" title="Heritage New Zealand">Heritage New Zealand</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231005080923/https://www.heritage.org.nz/list-details/7342/The%20Whare">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Heritage+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=The+Whare%2C+Kapiti+Island&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.org.nz%2Flist-details%2F7342%2FThe%2520Whare&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritage.org.nz/list-details/7662/Te%20Kahuoterangi%20Whaling%20Station">"Welcome to Heritage New Zealand"</a>. <i>Welcome to Heritage New Zealand</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231005080921/https://www.heritage.org.nz/list-details/7662/Te%20Kahuoterangi%20Whaling%20Station">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Welcome+to+Heritage+New+Zealand&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+Heritage+New+Zealand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.org.nz%2Flist-details%2F7662%2FTe%2520Kahuoterangi%2520Whaling%2520Station&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19731123.2.30">"Kapiti, 'Island of Spirits'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Press" title="The Press">The Press</a></i>. 23 November 1973. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231005080922/https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19731123.2.30">Archived</a> from the original on 5 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Press&rft.atitle=Kapiti%2C+%27Island+of+Spirits%27&rft.date=1973-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2FCHP19731123.2.30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newzealand.com/us/feature/king-kong-filming-locations/">"King Kong Filming Locations"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230611104415/https://www.newzealand.com/us/feature/king-kong-filming-locations/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=King+Kong+Filming+Locations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newzealand.com%2Fus%2Ffeature%2Fking-kong-filming-locations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://screenwellington.com/why-wellington/made-in-wellington/kapiti-coast-flings-doors-open-to-poppy/">"Kāpiti Coast flings doors open to Poppy"</a>. <i>screenwellington.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230612024050/https://www.screenwellington.com/why-wellington/made-in-wellington/kapiti-coast-flings-doors-open-to-poppy/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=screenwellington.com&rft.atitle=K%C4%81piti+Coast+flings+doors+open+to+Poppy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscreenwellington.com%2Fwhy-wellington%2Fmade-in-wellington%2Fkapiti-coast-flings-doors-open-to-poppy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapiti_Island&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaclean1999" class="citation book cs1">Maclean, Chris (1999). <i>Kapiti</i>. Whitcombe Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-473-06166-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-473-06166-1"><bdi>978-0-473-06166-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kapiti&rft.pub=Whitcombe+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-473-06166-1&rft.aulast=Maclean&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKapiti+Island" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kapiti_Island&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kapiti_Island" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Kapiti Island">Kapiti Island</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.doc.govt.nz/parks-and-recreation/places-to-go/wellington-kapiti/places/kapiti-island-nature-reserve/">Kapiti Island Nature Reserve</a>, Department of Conservation</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzonscreen.com/title/island-of-spirits-1973">Island of Spirits (1973)</a> film for television about Kapiti Island at <a href="/wiki/NZ_On_Screen" title="NZ On Screen">NZ On Screen</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzonscreen.com/title/kapiti-hono-tatati-hono-2007">Kāpiti Hono Tātati Hono – My Island, My Home (2007)</a> film for television about Waiorua Bay, Kapiti Island at <a href="/wiki/NZ_On_Screen" title="NZ On Screen">NZ On Screen</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kāpiti_Coast_District_and_Kapiti_Urban_Area,_New_Zealand196" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:K%C4%81piti_Coast_District" title="Template:Kāpiti Coast District"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:K%C4%81piti_Coast_District" title="Template talk:Kāpiti Coast District"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:K%C4%81piti_Coast_District" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kāpiti Coast District"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kāpiti_Coast_District_and_Kapiti_Urban_Area,_New_Zealand196" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/K%C4%81piti_Coast_District" title="Kāpiti Coast District">Kāpiti Coast District</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kapiti_Urban_Area" title="Kapiti Urban Area">Kapiti Urban Area</a>, New Zealand</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">Seat</a>: <a href="/wiki/Paraparaumu" title="Paraparaumu">Paraparaumu</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Populated places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ōtaki Ward</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctaki,_New_Zealand" title="Ōtaki, New Zealand">Ōtaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctaki_Beach" title="Ōtaki Beach">Ōtaki Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctaki_Forks" title="Ōtaki Forks">Ōtaki Forks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Horo" title="Te Horo">Te Horo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Horo_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Te Horo Beach">Te Horo Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Lakes,_Wellington" title="Forest Lakes, Wellington">Forest Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waitohu" title="Waitohu">Waitohu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paekākāriki-Raumati Ward</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paek%C4%81k%C4%81riki" title="Paekākāriki">Paekākāriki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackays_Crossing" title="Mackays Crossing">Mackays Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonshine_Valley,_New_Zealand" title="Moonshine Valley, New Zealand">Moonshine Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raumati_Beach" title="Raumati Beach">Raumati Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raumati_South" title="Raumati South">Raumati South</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Paraparaumu Ward</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paraparaumu" title="Paraparaumu">Paraparaumu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraparaumu_Beach" title="Paraparaumu Beach">Paraparaumu Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maungakotukutuku" title="Maungakotukutuku">Maungakotukutuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otaihanga" title="Otaihanga">Otaihanga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Waikanae Ward</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waikanae" title="Waikanae">Waikanae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reikorangi" title="Reikorangi">Reikorangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waikanae" title="Waikanae">Waikanae Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peka_Peka" title="Peka Peka">Peka Peka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akatarawa_Saddle" title="Akatarawa Saddle">Akatarawa Saddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akatarawa_Valley" title="Akatarawa Valley">Akatarawa Valley</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kapiti Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maungak%C5%8Dtukutuku_Stream" title="Maungakōtukutuku Stream">Maungakōtukutuku Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngatiawa_River" title="Ngatiawa River">Ngatiawa River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctaki_River" title="Ōtaki River">Ōtaki River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangiora_River" title="Rangiora River">Rangiora River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rauoterangi_Channel" title="Rauoterangi Channel">Rauoterangi Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reikorangi_Stream" title="Reikorangi Stream">Reikorangi Stream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Taranaki_Bight" title="South Taranaki Bight">South Taranaki Bight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tararua_Range" title="Tararua Range">Tararua Range</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Crossing" title="Southern Crossing">Southern Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tararua_Forest_Park" title="Tararua Forest Park">Forest Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Hector_(New_Zealand)" title="Mount Hector (New Zealand)">Mount Hector</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waikanae_River" title="Waikanae River">Waikanae River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waiotauru_River" title="Waiotauru River">Waiotauru River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waitewaewae_River" title="Waitewaewae River">Waitewaewae River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wharemauku_Stream" title="Wharemauku Stream">Wharemauku Stream</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities and attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_Hill_Farm_Forest_Park" title="Battle Hill Farm Forest Park">Battle Hill Farm Forest Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escarpment_Track" title="Escarpment Track">Escarpment Track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadfield_railway_station,_New_Zealand" title="Hadfield railway station, New Zealand">Hadfield railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hautere_railway_station" title="Hautere railway station">Hautere railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapiti_Coast_Airport" title="Kapiti Coast Airport">Kapiti Coast Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%81piti_Expressway" title="Kāpiti Expressway">Kāpiti Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81_Manu_Nature_Reserve" title="Ngā Manu Nature Reserve">Ngā Manu Nature Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otaihanga_railway_station" title="Otaihanga railway station">Otaihanga railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctaki_Health_Camp" title="Ōtaki Health Camp">Ōtaki Health Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctaki_Museum" title="Ōtaki Museum">Ōtaki Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctaki_railway_station_(New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ōtaki railway station (New Zealand)">Ōtaki railway station</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Lourdes_(K%C4%81piti_Coast)" title="Our Lady of Lourdes (Kāpiti Coast)">Our Lady of Lourdes</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraparaumu_railway_station" title="Paraparaumu railway station">Paraparaumu railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paekakariki_railway_station" title="Paekakariki railway station">Paekakariki railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paekakariki_Station_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Paekakariki Station Museum">Paekakariki Station Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharazyn_Reserve" title="Pharazyn Reserve">Pharazyn Reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_Park,_K%C4%81piti_Coast" title="Queen Elizabeth Park, Kāpiti Coast">Queen Elizabeth Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangi%C4%81tea_Church" title="Rangiātea Church">Rangiātea Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raumati_Marine_Gardens" title="Raumati Marine Gardens">Raumati Marine Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southward_Car_Museum" title="Southward Car Museum">Southward Car Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_Horo_railway_station" title="Te Horo railway station">Te Horo railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waikanae_Park" title="Waikanae Park">Waikanae Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waikanae_railway_station" title="Waikanae railway station">Waikanae railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wainui_railway_station" title="Wainui railway station">Wainui railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Tramway_Museum" title="Wellington Tramway Museum">Wellington Tramway Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%81piti_Coast_District_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Kāpiti Coast District Council">District Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_K%C4%81piti_Coast" title="Mayor of Kāpiti Coast">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Wellington_Regional_Council" title="Greater Wellington Regional Council">Wellington Regional Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kapiti_Coast_United" title="Kapiti Coast United">Kapiti Coast United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%81piti_College" title="Kāpiti College">Kāpiti College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapiti_Fine_Foods" title="Kapiti Fine Foods">Kapiti Fine Foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctaki_College" title="Ōtaki College">Ōtaki College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paekakariki_Station_Precinct_Trust" title="Paekakariki Station Precinct Trust">Paekakariki Station Precinct Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraparaumu_College" title="Paraparaumu College">Paraparaumu College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_Incorporated" title="Steam Incorporated">Steam Incorporated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te_W%C4%81nanga_o_Raukawa" title="Te Wānanga o Raukawa">Te Wānanga o Raukawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1471997#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata598" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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