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id="toc-By_place" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_place"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>By place</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_place-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fifth_Crusade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fifth_Crusade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>Fifth Crusade</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fifth_Crusade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mongol_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mongol_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>Mongol Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mongol_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_topic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_topic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>By topic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_topic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Deaths</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1219</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 137 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-137" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">137 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1219 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1219 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B2%DB%B1%DB%B9_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۲۱۹ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۲۱۹ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF" title="১২১৯ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১২১৯" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219_n%C3%AE" title="1219 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1219 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219." title="1219. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1219." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B2%DB%B1%DB%B9_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۲۱۹ (میلادی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۲۱۹ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219%E5%B9%B4" title="1219年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1219年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219%EB%85%84" title="1219년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1219년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF" title="१२१९ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१२१९" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219." title="1219. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1219." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF" title="মারি ১২১৯ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১২১৯" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1219-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1219-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1219 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1219 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219_(almanak_jilyen)" title="1219 (almanak jilyen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1219 (almanak jilyen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219_%D0%B8" title="1219 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1219 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219._gads" title="1219. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1219. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219_m." title="1219 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1219 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF" title="इ.स. १२१९ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १२१९" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B2%DB%B1%DB%B9" title="۱۲۱۹ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۲۱۹" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1219 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1219 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%82%E1%81%81%E1%81%89" title="၁၂၁၉ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၂၁၉" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF" title="सन् १२१९ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सन् १२१९" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219%E5%B9%B4" title="1219年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1219年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%A8%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AF" title="୧୨୧୯ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୨୧୯" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF" title="१२१९ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१२१९" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1219 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1219 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF" title="१२१९ – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="१२१९" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219%D8%B9" title="1219ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1219ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A2%D9%A1%D9%A9" title="١٢١٩ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٢١٩" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219." title="1219. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1219." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1219 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1219 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._1762" title="พ.ศ. 1762 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 1762" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1219" title="Соли 1219 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1219" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219%D8%A1" title="1219ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1219ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219%E5%B9%B4" title="1219年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1219年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219%E5%B9%B4" title="1219年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1219年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219" title="1219 – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="1219" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1219%E5%B9%B4" title="1219年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1219年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Year 1219 in the Gregorian calendar</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Years</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Millennium</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Centuries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/12th_century" title="12th century">12th century</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/13th_century" title="13th century">13th century</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_century" title="14th century">14th century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Decades</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1190s" title="1190s">1190s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1200s_(decade)" title="1200s (decade)">1200s</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/1210s" title="1210s">1210s</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1220s" title="1220s">1220s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1230s" title="1230s">1230s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1216" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1216">1216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1217" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1217">1217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1218" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1218">1218</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/AD_1219" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1219">1219</a> </b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1220" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1220">1220</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1221" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1221">1221</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1222" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1222">1222</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Year_nav" title="Template:Year nav"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Year_nav" title="Template talk:Year nav"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Year_nav" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Year nav"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1219" title="Category:1219">1219 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_sovereign_states_in_1219&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of sovereign states in 1219 (page does not exist)">Political entities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1219" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1219">State leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_13th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 13th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/Category:1219_births" title="Category:1219 births">Births</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:1219_deaths" title="Category:1219 deaths">Deaths</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/Category:1219_establishments" title="Category:1219 establishments">Establishments</a> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:1219_disestablishments&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:1219 disestablishments (page does not exist)">Disestablishments</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Art and literature</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/1219_in_poetry" title="1219 in poetry">1219 in poetry</a></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Template:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C11%E2%80%9317_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C11–17 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%"><span class="summary dtstart">1219 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></span></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1219<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MCCXIX</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>1972</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>668<br />ԹՎ ՈԿԸ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>5969</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1140–1141</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>625–626</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2169</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">English Regnal year</a></td><td>3 <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Hen. 3</a> – 4 <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Hen. 3</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>1763</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>581</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>6727–6728</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">戊寅</a>年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Tiger_(zodiac)" title="Tiger (zodiac)">Tiger</a>)<br />3916 or 3709<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />己卯年 (Earth <a href="/wiki/Rabbit_(zodiac)" title="Rabbit (zodiac)">Rabbit</a>)<br />3917 or 3710</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>935–936</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>2385</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1211–1212</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>4979–4980</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></i></td><td>1275–1276</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></i></td><td>1140–1141</td></tr><tr><td> - <i><a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></i></td><td>4319–4320</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11219</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>219–220</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>597–598</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>615–616</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kenp%C5%8D_(era)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenpō (era)">Kenpō</a> 7 / <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dky%C5%AB" title="Jōkyū">Jōkyū</a> 1<br />(承久元年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1127–1128</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>1219<br /><span style="font-family: serif;"><i>MCCXIX</i></span></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>3552</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td>693 before <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">ROC</a><br />民前693年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>−249</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>1761–1762</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阳土虎年<br />(male Earth-<a href="/wiki/Tiger_(zodiac)" title="Tiger (zodiac)">Tiger</a>)<br />1345 or 964 or 192<br />    <i>— to —</i><br />阴土兔年<br />(female Earth-<a href="/wiki/Rabbit_(zodiac)" title="Rabbit (zodiac)">Rabbit</a>)<br />1346 or 965 or 193</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benozzo_Gozzoli_-_Scenes_from_the_Life_of_St_Francis_(Scene_10,_north_wall)_-_WGA10241.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Benozzo_Gozzoli_-_Scenes_from_the_Life_of_St_Francis_%28Scene_10%2C_north_wall%29_-_WGA10241.jpg/330px-Benozzo_Gozzoli_-_Scenes_from_the_Life_of_St_Francis_%28Scene_10%2C_north_wall%29_-_WGA10241.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Benozzo_Gozzoli_-_Scenes_from_the_Life_of_St_Francis_%28Scene_10%2C_north_wall%29_-_WGA10241.jpg/500px-Benozzo_Gozzoli_-_Scenes_from_the_Life_of_St_Francis_%28Scene_10%2C_north_wall%29_-_WGA10241.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Benozzo_Gozzoli_-_Scenes_from_the_Life_of_St_Francis_%28Scene_10%2C_north_wall%29_-_WGA10241.jpg/600px-Benozzo_Gozzoli_-_Scenes_from_the_Life_of_St_Francis_%28Scene_10%2C_north_wall%29_-_WGA10241.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="976" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Illuminatus_of_Arce" title="Illuminatus of Arce">Illuminatus of Arce</a> meet Sultan <a href="/wiki/Al-Kamil" title="Al-Kamil">Al-Kamil</a>. By <a href="/wiki/Benozzo_Gozzoli" title="Benozzo Gozzoli">Benozzo Gozzoli</a> (15th century).</figcaption></figure> <p>Year <b>1219</b> (<b><a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MCCXIX</a></b>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Tuesday" title="Common year starting on Tuesday">common year starting on Tuesday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1219&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_place">By place</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1219&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: By place"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fifth_Crusade">Fifth Crusade</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1219&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Fifth Crusade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February" title="February">February</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pelagio_Galvani" title="Pelagio Galvani">Pelagius</a> orders the Crusader army to prepare an attack against the Egyptians but is unsuccessful because of the weather and strength of the defenders. Sultan <a href="/wiki/Al-Kamil" title="Al-Kamil">Al-Kamil</a>, in command of the Egyptian forces, is almost overthrown by a conspiracy in his entourage. He considers fleeing to the Ayyubid <a href="/wiki/Islamic_history_of_Yemen#Ayyubids_(1174–1229)" title="Islamic history of Yemen">Emirate of Yemen</a>, ruled by his son <a href="/wiki/Al-Mas%27ud_Yusuf" title="Al-Mas'ud Yusuf">Al-Mas'ud Yusuf</a>, but the arrival of his brother <a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27azzam_Isa" title="Al-Mu'azzam Isa">Al-Mu'azzam</a>, with reinforcements from <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, ends the conspiracy. On hearing the news that Al-Kamil and his army is retreating to <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, the Crusaders march to Al-Adiliya. After driving back an assault from the garrison of <a href="/wiki/Damietta" title="Damietta">Damietta</a> they occupy the town on <a href="/wiki/February_5" title="February 5">February 5</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April" title="April">April</a> – The Crusaders surround Damietta, with the Italian forces to the north, <a href="/wiki/Knights_Templar" title="Knights Templar">Knights Templar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a> to the east – and King <a href="/wiki/John_of_Brienne" title="John of Brienne">John I of Jerusalem</a> with his French and Pisan troops to the south. The Frisians and German troops occupy the old camp across the <a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a>. A new wave of Crusader reinforcements from <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cyprus" title="Kingdom of Cyprus">Cyprus</a> arrive led by <a href="/wiki/Walter_III_of_Caesarea" title="Walter III of Caesarea">Walter III of Caesarea</a>. Meanwhile, Al-Mu'azzam decides to dismantle the fortifications at <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor" title="Mount Tabor">Mount Tabor</a> and other defensive positions, as well as <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> itself, in order to deny their protection should the Crusaders prevail there. Some fanatics wish to destroy the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Holy Sepulchre</a>, but this is refused by Al-Mu'azzam.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_7" title="April 7">April 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/Al-Muzaffar_II_Mahmud" title="Al-Muzaffar II Mahmud">Al-Muzaffar II</a>, Ayyubid ruler of <a href="/wiki/Hama" title="Hama">Hama</a>, arrives <a href="/wiki/Egypt_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Egypt in the Middle Ages">Egypt</a> with Syrian reinforcements, leading multiple attacks on the Crusader camp at Al-Adiliya, with little impact. In the meantime, new Crusader forces bring badly-needed supplies. Egyptian attacks continue through May, with Crusader counter-attacks utilizing a Lombard device known as a <i><a href="/wiki/Carroccio" title="Carroccio">carroccio</a></i>, confounding the defenders.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_8" title="July 8">July 8</a> – Pelagius begins multiple attacks at Damietta, using Pisan and Venetian troops. Each time they are repelled by the defenders, using <a href="/wiki/Greek_fire" title="Greek fire">Greek fire</a>. A counter-offensive led by Al-Kamil on the Templar camp is repulsed on <a href="/wiki/July_31" title="July 31">July 31</a> by their new Grand Master <a href="/wiki/Peire_de_Montagut" title="Peire de Montagut">Peire de Montagut</a>, supported by the <a href="/wiki/Teutonic_Order" title="Teutonic Order">Teutonic Knights</a> – where the Crusaders reform and pursue the enemy outside the gates.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – The Crusaders attack the Egyptian camp in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fariskur_(1219)" title="Battle of Fariskur (1219)">Battle of Faraskur</a> and the Muslims pretend a <a href="/wiki/Feigned_retreat" title="Feigned retreat">feigned retreat</a> to <a href="/wiki/Mansoura,_Egypt" title="Mansoura, Egypt">Mansoura</a>. John I advises to camp overnight, because there is no fresh water in the region between the Nile and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Manzalah" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Manzalah">Lake Manzalah</a>. Al-Kamil decides to halt the retreat and turns his forces to deliver a smashing attack upon the disorganized Crusaders, losing some 4,300 men.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September" title="September">September</a> – <a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a>, an Italian preacher, arrives in the Crusader camp and introduces <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> in Egypt. He seeks permission from Pelagius to visit Al-Kamil. After an initial refusal, he sends Francis under a flag of truce to Faraskur. Al-Kamil receives him courteously and offers him many gifts. He accepts a death-bed <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">baptism</a>, and is escorted back to the Crusader camp.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>October – Al-Kamil sends two captive knights as envoys, to renew his former offers of an armistice. If the Crusaders evacuate Egypt, he will return the True Cross (lost in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hattin" title="Battle of Hattin">Battle of Hattin</a>) and they can have Jerusalem, all central <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a>. John I advised its acceptance, along with the nobles from <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a>, <a href="/wiki/France_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="France in the Middle Ages">France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Germany" title="Kingdom of Germany">Germany</a>. Pelagius again refuses the peace terms.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">November 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Damietta_(1218%E2%80%931219)" title="Siege of Damietta (1218–1219)">Siege of Damietta</a>: The Crusaders enter Damietta and find it abandoned. Seeing the Crusader standards flying from the towers, Al-Kamil hastily abandons his camp at Faraskur and withdraws to Mansoura. Survivors in the city are either sent into slavery or held as hostages to trade for Christian prisoners. On <a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a>, the Crusader army captures the city of <a href="/wiki/Tennis,_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennis, Egypt">Tinnis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mongol_Empire">Mongol Empire</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1219&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Mongol Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Winter – <a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a> sends a Mongol army (some 20,000 men) under his eldest son <a href="/wiki/Jochi" title="Jochi">Jochi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jebe" title="Jebe">Jebe</a> to cross the <a href="/wiki/Tian_Shan" title="Tian Shan">Tian Shan</a> mountains ("Heavenly Mountains") to ravage the fertile <a href="/wiki/Fergana_Valley" title="Fergana Valley">Fergana Valley</a>, in the eastern part of the <a href="/wiki/Khwarezm_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Khwarezm Empire">Khwarezm Empire</a>. The Mongols suffer many losses but slip through the defensive lines and confuse the enemy who thinks this is Genghis' main force. <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_II_of_Khwarazm" title="Muhammad II of Khwarazm">Muhammad II</a> dispatches his elite cavalry reserve to protect the fertile regions with force. Meanwhile, another Mongol army under his second and third sons <a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khan" title="Chagatai Khan">Chagatai</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%96gedei_Khan" title="Ögedei Khan">Ögedei</a> passes through the <a href="/wiki/Dzungarian_Gate" title="Dzungarian Gate">Dzungarian Gate</a>, and immediately start laying siege to the border city of <a href="/wiki/Otrar" title="Otrar">Otrar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mongol forces under Chagatai and Ögedei capture Otrar after a 5-month siege. The city becomes the first of many settlements to have its entire population slain or enslaved before it is razed to the ground. <a href="/wiki/Inalchuq" title="Inalchuq">Inalchuq</a>, the Khwarezmian governor of Otrar, is captured and executed by pouring molten silver into his eyes and ears – an unlikely and unnecessarily expensive end.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>By letter, Genghis Khan summons <a href="/wiki/Qiu_Chuji" title="Qiu Chuji">Qiu Chuji</a> (<b>Master Changchun</b>) to visit him, to advise him on the medicine of immortality (the <a href="/wiki/Philosopher%27s_Stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosopher's Stone">Philosopher's Stone</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Europe">Europe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1219&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">June 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Livonian_Crusade" title="Livonian Crusade">Livonian Crusade</a>: Danish Crusaders led by King <a href="/wiki/Valdemar_II_of_Denmark" title="Valdemar II of Denmark">King Valdemar II</a> (<b>the Victorious</b>), conquer <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lyndanisse" title="Battle of Lyndanisse">Battle of Lyndanisse</a>. What is to become the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Denmark" title="Flag of Denmark">flag of Denmark</a> (<i>Dannebrog</i>) allegedly falls from the sky during that battle. Their stronghold in Tallinn will help the Danes conquer the entirety of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Estonia_(1219%E2%80%931346)" title="Duchy of Estonia (1219–1346)">Danish Estonia</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_early_Lithuanian_dukes" title="List of early Lithuanian dukes">Twenty-four Lithuanian dukes and nobles</a> purportedly sign a peace treaty with <a href="/wiki/Halych-Volhynia" class="mw-redirect" title="Halych-Volhynia">Halych-Volhynia</a>, stating a common cause against invading Christian <a href="/wiki/Crusaders" class="mw-redirect" title="Crusaders">Crusaders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Asia">Asia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1219&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">May 2</a> – King <a href="/wiki/Leo_I,_King_of_Armenia" title="Leo I, King of Armenia">Leo II</a> (or <b>Levon</b>) of <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Armenian Cilicia</a> dies, leaving only two daughters. The elder, <a href="/wiki/Stephanie_of_Armenia" title="Stephanie of Armenia">Stephanie</a>, is the wife of John I; the younger, <a href="/wiki/Isabella,_Queen_of_Armenia" title="Isabella, Queen of Armenia">Isabella</a>, daughter of Princess <a href="/wiki/Sibylla_of_Cyprus" title="Sibylla of Cyprus">Sibylla of Cyprus</a> and Jerusalem, is three years old. Leo has promised the succession to his nephew, <a href="/wiki/Raymond-Roupen" title="Raymond-Roupen">Raymond-Roupen</a> of <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Antioch" title="Principality of Antioch">Antioch</a>, but on his death-bed he names Isabella as his heir.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_topic">By topic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1219&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: By topic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Technology">Technology</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1219&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Windmill" title="Windmill">windmill</a> is first introduced to <a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_of_the_Song_dynasty#Wind_power" title="Science and technology of the Song dynasty">China</a>, with the travels of <a href="/wiki/Yel%C3%BC_Chucai" title="Yelü Chucai">Yelü Chucai</a> to <a href="/wiki/Transoxiana" title="Transoxiana">Transoxiana</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mina%27i_ware" title="Mina'i ware">Mina'i ware</a> pottery production in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Persia</a> ceases as a result of the Mongol conquests.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1219&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tetts%C5%AB_Gikai" title="Tettsū Gikai">Tettsū Gikai</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Zen_master" title="Zen master">Zen Master</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1309" title="1309">1309</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_5" title="April 5">April 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wonjong_of_Goryeo" title="Wonjong of Goryeo">Wonjong of Goryeo</a>, Korean ruler (d. <a href="/wiki/1274" title="1274">1274</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Abbas_al-Mursi" title="Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi">Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi</a>, Moorish <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi</a> leader (d. <a href="/wiki/1287" title="1287">1287</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariq_B%C3%B6ke" title="Ariq Böke">Ariq Böke</a> (or <b>Buka</b>), Mongol ruler (<i><a href="/wiki/Khagan" title="Khagan">khagan</a></i>) (d. <a href="/wiki/1266" title="1266">1266</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldwin_of_Avesnes" title="Baldwin of Avesnes">Baldwin of Avesnes</a>, French <a href="/wiki/Nobility" title="Nobility">nobleman</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1295" title="1295">1295</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_I_of_Denmark" title="Christopher I of Denmark">Christopher I</a> (or <b>Christoffer</b>), king of <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> (d. <a href="/wiki/1259" title="1259">1259</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umiliana_de%27_Cerchi" title="Umiliana de' Cerchi">Umiliana de' Cerchi</a>, Italian noblewoman (d. <a href="/wiki/1246" title="1246">1246</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Devereux_(1219%E2%80%931265)" title="William Devereux (1219–1265)">William Devereux</a>, English nobleman (d. <a href="/wiki/1265" title="1265">1265</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1219&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">February 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Robert_of_Cour%C3%A7on" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert of Courçon">Robert of Courçon</a>, English cardinal (b. <a href="/wiki/1160" title="1160">1160</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Minamoto_no_Sanetomo" title="Minamoto no Sanetomo">Minamoto no Sanetomo</a>, Japanese <a href="/wiki/Shogun" title="Shogun">shogun</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1192" title="1192">1192</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">March 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_I,_Count_Palatine_of_T%C3%BCbingen" title="Rudolph I, Count Palatine of Tübingen">Rudolph I</a>, Count Palatine of <a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCbingen" title="Tübingen">Tübingen</a> (b. 1160)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_22" title="March 22">March 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/Henryk_Kietlicz" title="Henryk Kietlicz">Henryk Kietlicz</a>, archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Gniezno" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gniezno">Gniezno</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1150" title="1150">1150</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">April 30</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aldebrandus" title="Aldebrandus">Aldebrandus</a>, bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Fossombrone" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Fossombrone">Fossombrone</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1119" title="1119">1119</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Raoul_I_of_Lusignan" title="Raoul I of Lusignan">Raoul I of Lusignan</a>, French nobleman and knight</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_2" title="May 2">May 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Leo_I,_King_of_Armenia" title="Leo I, King of Armenia">Leo II</a> (or <b>Levon</b>), king of <a href="/wiki/Armenian_Kingdom_of_Cilicia" title="Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia">Armenian Cilicia</a> (b. 1150)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_14" title="May 14">May 14</a> – <a href="/wiki/William_Marshal,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke">William Marshal</a>, 1st <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Earl of Pembroke">Earl of Pembroke</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1146" title="1146">1146</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">June 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Theoderich_von_Treyden" title="Theoderich von Treyden">Theoderich von Treyden</a>, German missionary</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/David,_Earl_of_Huntingdon" title="David, Earl of Huntingdon">David of Scotland</a>, Scottish nobleman (b <a href="/wiki/1152" title="1152">1152</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_29" title="October 29">October 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ch%27oe_Ch%27ung-h%C5%8Fn" class="mw-redirect" title="Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn">Ch'oe Ch'ung-hŏn</a>, Korean ruler (b. <a href="/wiki/1149" title="1149">1149</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Saer_de_Quincy,_1st_Earl_of_Winchester" title="Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester">Saer de Quincy</a>, English nobleman (b. <a href="/wiki/1170" title="1170">1170</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">November 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hugh_IX_of_Lusignan" title="Hugh IX of Lusignan">Hugh IX</a> (<b>the Brown</b>), French nobleman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_17" title="December 17">December 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/Conon_de_B%C3%A9thune" class="mw-redirect" title="Conon de Béthune">Conon de Béthune</a>, French knight (b. 1150)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casimir_II,_Duke_of_Pomerania" title="Casimir II, Duke of Pomerania">Casimir II</a> (or <b>Kasimir</b>), duke of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Pomerania" title="Duchy of Pomerania">Pomerania-Demmin</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1180" title="1180">1180</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_de_Furnival" title="Gerard de Furnival">Gerard de Furnival</a>, Norman nobleman and knight (b. <a href="/wiki/1175" title="1175">1175</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_de_Grey" title="Henry de Grey">Henry de Grey</a>, English nobleman and <a href="/wiki/Courtier" title="Courtier">courtier</a> (b. <a href="/wiki/1155" title="1155">1155</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inalchuq" title="Inalchuq">Inalchuq</a> (or <b>Inalchuk</b>), Khwarezmian governor of <a href="/wiki/Otrar" title="Otrar">Otrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_B%C3%A9thune_(died_1219)" title="John of Béthune (died 1219)">John of Béthune</a>, French nobleman and bishop (b. 1160)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_de_Courcy" title="John de Courcy">John de Courcy</a>, English nobleman and knight (b. 1150)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_II_of_Courtenay" title="Peter II of Courtenay">Peter II of Courtenay</a>, Latin emperor of <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richalmus" title="Richalmus">Richalmus</a>, German <a href="/wiki/Cistercians" title="Cistercians">Cistercian</a> abbot and biographer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholastique_of_Champagne" title="Scholastique of Champagne">Scholastique of Champagne</a>, French noblewoman (b. <a href="/wiki/1172" title="1172">1172</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_III_of_Ch%C3%A2tillon" title="Walter III of Châtillon">Walter III of Châtillon</a>, French nobleman and knight</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_de_Valognes" title="William de Valognes">William de Valognes</a>, Scoto-Norman <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chamberlain" title="Lord Chamberlain">Lord Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolanda,_Latin_Empress" title="Yolanda, Latin Empress">Yolanda of Flanders</a>, Latin empress and <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> (b. 1175)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1219&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Runciman" title="Steven Runciman">Steven Runciman</a> (1952). <i>A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre</i>, pp. 132–133. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29877-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29877-0">978-0-241-29877-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman (1952). <i>A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre</i>, p. 133. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29877-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29877-0">978-0-241-29877-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moses, Paul (2009). <i>The Saint and the Sultan: The Crusades, Islam, and Francis of Assisi's Mission of Peace</i>, pp. 16–17. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-52370-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-52370-7">978-0-385-52370-7</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Van Cleve, Thomas C. (1969). <i>The Fifth Crusade: Prelude to the Siege</i>, pp. 412–413. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Van Cleve, Thomas C. (1969). <i>The Fifth Crusade: Prelude to the Siege</i>, p. 414. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman (1952). <i>A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre</i>, pp. 134–135. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29877-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29877-0">978-0-241-29877-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman (1952). <i>A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre</i>, p. 136. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29877-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29877-0">978-0-241-29877-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman (1952). <i>A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre</i>, pp. 136–137. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29877-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29877-0">978-0-241-29877-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Man, John (2011). <i>Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection</i>, pp. 190–191. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-553-81498-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-553-81498-9">978-0-553-81498-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Man, John (2011). <i>Genghis Khan: Life, Death and Resurrection</i>, p. 193. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-553-81498-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-553-81498-9">978-0-553-81498-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFButkevičienėGricius2003" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Butkevičienė, Birutė; Gricius, Vytautas (July 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070523045154/http://ausis.gf.vu.lt/mg/nr/2003/07/7mlk.html">"Mindaugas — Lietuvos karalius"</a>. <i>Mokslas Ir Gyvenimas</i> (in Lithuanian). <b>7</b> (547). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ausis.gf.vu.lt/mg/nr/2003/07/7mlk.html">the original</a> on May 23, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mokslas+Ir+Gyvenimas&rft.atitle=Mindaugas+%E2%80%94+Lietuvos+karalius&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=547&rft.date=2003-07&rft.aulast=Butkevi%C4%8Dien%C4%97&rft.aufirst=Birut%C4%97&rft.au=Gricius%2C+Vytautas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fausis.gf.vu.lt%2Fmg%2Fnr%2F2003%2F07%2F7mlk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1219" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Runciman (1952). <i>A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre</i>, p. 138. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29877-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-241-29877-0">978-0-241-29877-0</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1219&oldid=1267067348">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1219&oldid=1267067348</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1219" title="Category:1219">1219</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Lithuanian-language_sources_(lt)" title="Category:CS1 Lithuanian-language sources (lt)">CS1 Lithuanian-language sources (lt)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_February_2011" title="Category:Use mdy dates from February 2011">Use mdy dates from February 2011</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 January 2025, at 13:00<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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