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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British far-right political activist</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">The Lady Birdwood</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Joan Pollock Graham</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1913-05-18</span>)</span>18 May 1913<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Winnipeg" title="Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a>, Manitoba, Canada</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">29 June 2000<span style="display:none">(2000-06-29)</span> (aged 87)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Hounslow" title="Hounslow">Hounslow</a>, London, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Political activist, publisher</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a> (1992)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Monday_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Monday Club">Monday Club</a> (until 1973)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Birdwood,_2nd_Baron_Birdwood" title="Christopher Birdwood, 2nd Baron Birdwood">Christopher Birdwood, 2nd Baron Birdwood</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jane Birdwood, Baroness Birdwood</b> (18 May 1913 – 29 June 2000), born <b>Joan Pollock Graham</b>, was a British <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a> political <a href="/wiki/Activism" title="Activism">activist</a> who took part in a number of movements, and was described as the "largest individual distributor of racist and <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitic</a> material" in Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-Lowles_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lowles-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was the second wife of <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Birdwood,_2nd_Baron_Birdwood" title="Christopher Birdwood, 2nd Baron Birdwood">Christopher Birdwood, 2nd Baron Birdwood</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jane_Birdwood,_Baroness_Birdwood&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>She was born in <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg" title="Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a>, Canada, the daughter of a singer from <a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Hull</a> and a mother from <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle</a>, although according to her <i><a href="/wiki/Searchlight_(magazine)" title="Searchlight (magazine)">Searchlight</a></i> obituary she was the daughter of a Scottish <a href="/wiki/Aristocrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Aristocrat">aristocrat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lowles_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lowles-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family returned to Britain when she was 10 and settled in <a href="/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fountain_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fountain-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph2000_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph2000-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She changed her name to Jane while working in the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> Gramophone Library in order to avoid confusion with Joan Graham, a radio actress of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-Lowles_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lowles-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the war she worked for the <a href="/wiki/Entertainments_National_Service_Association" title="Entertainments National Service Association">Entertainments National Service Association</a> (ENSA), originally in Brussels and then in the early post-war period in Hamburg. Remaining in Germany, she joined the Red Cross in 1947, becoming secretary to Lieutenant Colonel, the Hon Christopher Birdwood.<sup id="cite_ref-Lowles_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lowles-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>They began an affair; she was cited as a co-respondent in Birdwood's divorce case and became his second wife after the divorce was finalised in 1954. Her husband was the son of <a href="/wiki/Field_Marshal_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Field Marshal (UK)">Field Marshal</a> <a href="/wiki/William_Birdwood" title="William Birdwood">William Birdwood, 1st Baron Birdwood</a>); after his father died he succeeded to the title<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph2000_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph2000-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1951. In the 1950s, she was a prominent supporter of the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89migr%C3%A9" title="Émigré">émigré</a> group, the Association of Ukrainians in Great Britain, dominated by supporters of the extreme right-wing <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists">Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists</a> (OUN).<sup id="cite_ref-Lowles_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lowles-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through her work with the Association of Ukrainians, she befriended <a href="/wiki/Yaroslav_Stetsko" title="Yaroslav Stetsko">Yaroslav Stetsko</a>, an OUN leader who read out the declaration proclaiming a Ukrainian state in 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-Lowles_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lowles-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stetsko had organised a <a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">pogrom</a> in Lviv on 30 June 1941 that killed thousands of <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Poles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosenberg_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenberg-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A central aspect of the OUN's ideology was the belief that nations had to stay racially "pure" to be successful, and hence the OUN made it clear that in the Ukrainian state it wished to establish there would be no minorities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolian2011129_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolian2011129-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1961, she visited South Africa, where she praised <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a> as an "inevitable and a social necessity".<sup id="cite_ref-Lowles_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lowles-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Strongly opposed to independence for the colonies of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>, she joined the <a href="/wiki/Monday_Club" title="Monday Club">Monday Club</a>, which represented the right-wing of the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> opposed to <a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">decolonisation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fountain_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fountain-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_activities">Political activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jane_Birdwood,_Baroness_Birdwood&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Initially serving only as a worker for her husband's passion, <a href="/wiki/Aid" title="Aid">international aid</a>, she expanded her political involvement after becoming a widow in 1962. She was a member of the League for European Freedom, an <a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">anti-communist</a> group that sought to aid refugees from Eastern Europe. Her activities also brought her into contact with such groups as the <a href="/wiki/Anti-Bolshevik_Bloc_of_Nations" title="Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations">Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations</a> (ABN) and individuals such as <a href="/wiki/Yaroslav_Stetsko" title="Yaroslav Stetsko">Yaroslav Stetsko</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lowles_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lowles-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her vehement opposition to non-white immigration to Britain was inspired by her work with the ABN.<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph2000_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph2000-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She argued that the "captive nations" of Eastern Europe had lost their independence due to "alien" elements having taken over, and that likewise allowing non-white people into Britain would ultimately erode the "Anglo-Saxon essence" of Britain, resulting in the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Great_Britain" title="Communist Party of Great Britain">British Communist Party</a> taking over.<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph2000_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph2000-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was a founding member and the General-Secretary of the League of European Freedom, which was the western European counterpart of the ABN.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomlinson198156–57_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomlinson198156–57-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1968, she tried to recruit <a href="/wiki/Ziauddin_Sardar" title="Ziauddin Sardar">Ziauddin Sardar</a> to write for her journal <i>New Times</i>, saying having a young "Asian" writing for her magazine would protect her against charges of racism being made against her owing to her <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">anti-immigration</a> crusade.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESarder199768_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESarder199768-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sardar recalled her expressing much approval of <a href="/wiki/Enoch_Powell" title="Enoch Powell">Enoch Powell</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Rivers_of_Blood_speech" title="Rivers of Blood speech">Rivers of Blood</a>" speech, and she argued to Sardar that her anti-immigration activities were primarily directed against <a href="/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people">black</a> immigrants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESarder199768_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESarder199768-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sardar remembered her saying: "Britain is in danger of being swamped by immigrants. As most immigrants do not and cannot speak proper English, as their <a href="/wiki/Cultural_racism" title="Cultural racism">uncouth cultures</a> are totally alien to the green pastures of England, as their eating and hygiene habits are so different from ours, there's bound to be strife. There will be running battles in the streets".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESarder199768_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESarder199768-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apparently expecting Sardar to share her anti-black prejudices and to accept her offer, she was surprised to see him erupt in fury and reject it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESarder199768_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESarder199768-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As she stormed out of the Sardar house with her dog, Sardar's sister shouted "And I hate your stupid dog, too!"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESarder199769_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESarder199769-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>   </p><p>In addition to her anti-immigration activism she remained involved with the ABN. She was the lead speaker at a November 1969 ABN conference held in London as part of the Captive Nations Week where she called for the British government to fight to free all of the "Captive Nations" of Eastern Europe. At the end of Captive Nations Week she was the lead speaker at an ABN rally in London where she called for a moment of silence for "95 million victims" of Communism and spoke about her concern for the "Captive Nations".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around the same time, she allied herself with campaigns to support public decency, and was briefly associated with <a href="/wiki/Mary_Whitehouse" title="Mary Whitehouse">Mary Whitehouse</a>, becoming chairwoman of the London branch of the <a href="/wiki/Mediawatch-uk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediawatch-uk">National Viewers' and Listeners' Association</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lowles_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lowles-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this role, she attempted to launch a number of prosecutions against productions and writers that offended her sense of taste, including the producers of the theatrical revue <i><a href="/wiki/Oh!_Calcutta!" title="Oh! Calcutta!">Oh! Calcutta!</a></i> and actor <a href="/wiki/John_Bird_(actor)" title="John Bird (actor)">John Bird</a>, the author of the play <i>Council of Love</i>, whom she accused of <a href="/wiki/Blasphemy" title="Blasphemy">blasphemy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph2000_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph2000-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lowles_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lowles-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After seeing <i>Oh! Calcutta!</i> on 27 July 1970 with its abundance of full frontal nudity of both sexes, she went to the police station to demand that <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Tynan" title="Kenneth Tynan">Kenneth Tynan</a>, the producer of <i>Oh! Calcutta!</i>, be charged with obscenity.<sup id="cite_ref-Fountain_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fountain-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her "manic persistence and weird taste in spectacles" made her into a media favorite, who could be counted upon to say something outrageous when the press spoke to her.<sup id="cite_ref-Fountain_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fountain-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Manchester Guardian</i> called her in 1970 "the sharpest thorn in the side of the permissive society".<sup id="cite_ref-Fountain_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fountain-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lady Birdwood became involved in campaigns against <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">trade unions</a>, setting up the Citizens Mutual Protection Society in the early 1970s, which launched a failed attempt to run a private postal service. She took a leading role in several <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a> pressure groups, including the Immigration Control Association, Common Cause, the <a href="/wiki/British_League_of_Rights" title="British League of Rights">British League of Rights</a> (of which she was General Secretary) and Self Help, the latter attempting, unsuccessfully, to charge <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Scargill" title="Arthur Scargill">Arthur Scargill</a> with <a href="/wiki/Sedition" title="Sedition">sedition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph2000_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph2000-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She founded Self Help as an anti-union group in 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomlinson198157_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomlinson198157-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She was associated with the <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (United Kingdom)">National Front</a> for a short period in the 1970s. In 1973, she published an article in <i>Spearhead</i>, the journal of the National Front, reporting "one statistic which is characteristic of many of our cities today", namely "for every 12 white children born, there are 184 coloured children born".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFielding198197_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFielding198197-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also worked with <a href="/wiki/Ross_McWhirter" title="Ross McWhirter">Ross McWhirter</a> at this time on his magazine <i>Majority</i>, and became a vocal critic of the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">Provisional Irish Republican Army</a> after his murder in 1975. She also devoted much time to the <a href="/wiki/World_Anti-Communist_League" class="mw-redirect" title="World Anti-Communist League">World Anti-Communist League</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lowles_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lowles-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1974, she briefly served as president of the British chapter of the World Anti-Communist League.<sup id="cite_ref-Fountain_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fountain-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1974, the World Anti-Communist League expelled the Foreign Affairs Committee as its British chapter as too moderate, and instead took on the British League of Rights as its British chapter, whose leader was Birdwood.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomlinson198157_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomlinson198157-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite the fact that the World Anti-Communist League had been founded in 1966 by the governments of the Republic of China (Taiwan) and South Korea, the chapters of the League in West tended to be dominated by <a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">white supremacist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">anti-Semitic</a> groups, giving the League a dubious reputation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomlinson198156_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomlinson198156-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>   </p><p>In 1974, she was a founding member of WISE (Welsh Irish Scots English) group led by Jason Mason, a former civil servant and Monday Club member.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarberisMcHughTyldesley2000195_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarberisMcHughTyldesley2000195-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WISE was fiercely opposed to non-white immigration; called for the "repatriation" by force if necessary of the all non-white people from Britain; and sought to "defend" British culture which it equated with whiteness from "alien" influences.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarberisMcHughTyldesley2000195_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarberisMcHughTyldesley2000195-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conservative MPs, most of whom were Monday Club members, spoke at WISE's rallies, but the tendency of <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">neo-Nazis</a> to attend WISE's rallies caused the group to lose influence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarberisMcHughTyldesley2000195_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarberisMcHughTyldesley2000195-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1975, Phyllis Bowman, president of the <a href="/wiki/Society_for_the_Protection_of_Unborn_Children" title="Society for the Protection of Unborn Children">Society for the Protection of Unborn Children</a> was embarrassed when Birdwood joined in as a plaintiff in an <a href="/wiki/Anti-abortion_movements" title="Anti-abortion movements">anti-abortion</a> legal challenge she had launched under the grounds that Britain was taking in too many immigrants and abortion was reducing the number of white infants being born.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERowbotham1997430_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERowbotham1997430-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bowman felt that having Birdwood being associated with her would reduce public sympathy. One of her major failed efforts had her calling for the UK to enforce the <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Expulsion" title="Edict of Expulsion">Edict of Expulsion</a> against English Jews in 1290 by King Edward I, insisting the edict had never been revoked, although successive British governments had, in fact, overturned the edict, beginning with <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph2000_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph2000-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She accused Indians of being naturally corrupt, Chinese of being unfriendly towards her, and Sikhs of being "too tough" for Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph2000_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph2000-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She stood in the <a href="/wiki/1983_Bermondsey_by-election" title="1983 Bermondsey by-election">1983 by-election in Bermondsey</a> as an independent candidate, winning 69 votes, and attacked her opponents by labelling the Tory candidate a "<a href="/wiki/Multiracialism" title="Multiracialism">multiracialist</a>" and the National Front candidate a "<a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialist</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Lowles_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lowles-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was equally unsuccessful when she stood as a <a href="/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a> candidate in the <a href="/wiki/1992_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1992 United Kingdom general election">1992 general election</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dewsbury_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Dewsbury (UK Parliament constituency)">Dewsbury</a>. Through much of her later life, she published the journal <i>Choice</i>, which presented a right-wing stance but was generally independent of any political party.<sup id="cite_ref-BL_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BL-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Choice</i> was described as a "stridently" anti-immigration magazine, which blamed all of Britain's problems on immigrants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDurnham199898_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDurnham199898-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was observed there was a close stylistic resemblance between the pamphlets of the National Front and the articles in <i>Choice</i>, leading to suspicions that both were being written by the same people.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomlinson198158_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomlinson198158-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1988, she founded the English Solidarity Against Multi-Racialism group that worked with the British National Party in its efforts to protect the "Christian way of life".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarberisMcHughTyldesley2000182_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarberisMcHughTyldesley2000182-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group, which was closely linked with another of Birdwood's creations, the Gentile Self-Defense League, in efforts to stop non-white and non-Christian immigration to the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarberisMcHughTyldesley2000182_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarberisMcHughTyldesley2000182-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Britain, membership of extreme-right groups tends to overlap, and individuals are often closely identified by their choice of a journal than by their group.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoth2002160–161_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoth2002160–161-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1980s–1990s Birdwood's journal <i>Choice</i> was one of the more popular journals, together with <i><a href="/wiki/Candour_(magazine)" title="Candour (magazine)">Candor</a></i> edited by Rosine de Bouneville.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoth2002160–161_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoth2002160–161-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Birdwood's home was a popular meeting place for the extreme right. </p><p> In her 1991 pamphlet <i>The Longest Hatred: An Examination of Anti-Gentilism</i>, Birdwood wrote:</p><blockquote><p>"Against the clear wishes of the indigenous British people and in a manner which can only be described as treasonable, an estimated 10 million racially unassimilable aliens have been brought into our already overcrowded island. The incomers include: West Indians, Africans, Indians, Pakistanis, Bangladeshis, Iranians, Vietnamese, Tamils, Philippinos, Arabs, Egyptians, Indonesians, Malaysians, South and Central Americans, Chinese, Greek and Turkish Cypriots, etc., not to mention vast numbers of 'nearly-Whites' from southern Europe. Now we face the prospect of further millions from Hong Kong—and Turkey, if Turkey's application to join the <a href="/wiki/European_Common_Market" class="mw-redirect" title="European Common Market">'European' Common Market</a> is successful. The hostility which these various ethnic groups bear for us, the 'host' community, is often only exceeded by the imported ancestral hatreds which they nurture for each other.<br />Why is this being done to our country? Because the almighty International Bankers—<a href="/wiki/Rothschild_family" title="Rothschild family">Rothschilds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warburg_family" title="Warburg family">Warburgs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_family" title="Rockefeller family">Rockefellers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Economic_antisemitism" title="Economic antisemitism">their associates</a> have decided that all the peoples of the world are going to have a <a href="/wiki/World_government" title="World government">World Government</a> imposed on them whether they like it or not, and breaking down the identities of the various sovereign nations is best achieved by mixing up their populations. As the pro-World Government spokesman Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Feinberg" title="Abraham Feinberg">Abraham Feinberg</a> put it <i>One World—One Race: the deliberate encouragement of inter-racial marriage</i>.<br />Britain has been selected by the Bankers to be their first victim nation in the context of the Common Market and other developing World Government structures. To ensure that the planned destruction of our nation is total and permanent the Bankers have determined that our unique Anglo-Saxon-Celtic people must be <a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">obliterated as a distinct ethnic group by means of forced race mixing</a> with hordes of Blacks, Browns and <a href="/wiki/Asian_people" title="Asian people">Yellows</a> who are being deliberately brought into our country for this purpose."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> Later in 1991, she had been convicted of distributing <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">antisemitic</a> literature with the intention of stirring up racial hatred by handing out <i>The Longest Hatred</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fountain_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fountain-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the terms of her plea bargain with the Crown, she was spared prison by promising not to republish <i>The Longest Hatred</i>, which she violated in 1994.   </p><p>In another pamphlet misleadingly titled <i>Jewish Tributes To Our Child Martyrs</i>, she repeated the <a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">blood libel</a> as she claimed "Christian children were crucified, tortured and bled to death all over Europe in medieval times to satisfy Jewish religious rituals".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbel1994101_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbel1994101-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She also accused the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> of sanctifying child molestation, human sacrifice and cannibalism, claiming that Jewish rituals required the sexual abuse, killing and eating of Christian children. She claimed that the Talmud was guilty of "incitements to hatred of gentiles and Christians in particular", and asked the rhetorical question: "Could these awful texts have prompted the child murders?"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbel1994101_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbel1994101-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, she claimed that Jews still engage in the killing and eating of Christian children, complaining that the attorney-general had failed to act on her complaints.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAbel1994101_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAbel1994101-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_activities">Later activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jane_Birdwood,_Baroness_Birdwood&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Later activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 1994, Birdwood was prosecuted for violating the <a href="/wiki/Public_Order_Act_1986" title="Public Order Act 1986">Public Order Act 1986</a> by re-publishing her pamphlet <i>The Longest Hatred</i>, which <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">denied</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">the Holocaust</a> and claimed the existence of a subversive conspiracy in Britain involving Jewish bankers.<sup id="cite_ref-Fountain_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fountain-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Independent180394_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Independent180394-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the prosecution, Birdwood admitted to police that she had written the foreword, edited it and was responsible for its publication and distribution.<sup id="cite_ref-Independent180394_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Independent180394-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was sentenced to three months in prison, suspended. According to Birdwood, the victims of the Holocaust died from <a href="/wiki/Typhoid_fever" title="Typhoid fever">typhoid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Telegraph2000_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Telegraph2000-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Birdwood continued to lead British Solidarity as a pressure group, publish <i>Choice</i>, and run a publishing venture, Inter City Researchers, until late 1999, when she was forced to stand down for health reasons. After her retirement, most of these concerns passed into the hands of her associates, the former National Front co-leader <a href="/wiki/Martin_Webster" title="Martin Webster">Martin Webster</a> and Peter Marriner, also a former <a href="/wiki/British_Movement" title="British Movement">British Movement</a> activist.<sup id="cite_ref-Lowles_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lowles-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She died from cancer on 28 June 2000. In her obituary in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>, her various pamphlets outlining her anti-Semitic conspiracy theories were described as "chronicles of wasted time".<sup id="cite_ref-Fountain_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fountain-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>   </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elections_contested">Elections contested</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jane_Birdwood,_Baroness_Birdwood&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Elections contested"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Date of election</th> <th>Constituency</th> <th>Party</th> <th>Votes</th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1983_Bermondsey_by-election" title="1983 Bermondsey by-election">24 February 1983</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bermondsey_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bermondsey (UK Parliament constituency)">Bermondsey</a></td> <td>'Independent Patriot'</td> <td>69</td> <td>0.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1986_Fulham_by-election" title="1986 Fulham by-election">10 April 1986</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fulham_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Fulham (UK Parliament constituency)">Fulham</a></td> <td>England Demands Repatriation</td> <td>226</td> <td>0.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1992_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1992 United Kingdom general election">1992</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dewsbury_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Dewsbury (UK Parliament constituency)">Dewsbury</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a></td> <td>660</td> <td>1.1 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books_and_articles">Books and articles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jane_Birdwood,_Baroness_Birdwood&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Books and articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAbel1994" class="citation book cs1">Abel, Richard (1994). <i>Speech & respect</i>. Stevens & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0226000567" title="Special:BookSources/0226000567"><bdi>0226000567</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Speech+%26+respect&rft.pub=Stevens+%26+Sons&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0226000567&rft.aulast=Abel&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJane+Birdwood%2C+Baroness+Birdwood" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarberisMcHughTyldesley2000" class="citation book cs1">Barberis, Peter; McHugh, John; Tyldesley, Mike (January 2000). <i>Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations: Parties, Groups and Movements of the 20th Century</i>. London: A&C Black. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0826458149" title="Special:BookSources/0826458149"><bdi>0826458149</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+British+and+Irish+Political+Organizations%3A+Parties%2C+Groups+and+Movements+of+the+20th+Century&rft.place=London&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2000-01&rft.isbn=0826458149&rft.aulast=Barberis&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=McHugh%2C+John&rft.au=Tyldesley%2C+Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJane+Birdwood%2C+Baroness+Birdwood" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFielding1981" class="citation book cs1">Fielding, Nigel (1981). <i>The National Front</i>. London: Routledge & Kegan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0710005598" title="Special:BookSources/0710005598"><bdi>0710005598</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+National+Front&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge+%26+Kegan&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0710005598&rft.aulast=Fielding&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJane+Birdwood%2C+Baroness+Birdwood" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurnham1998" class="citation book cs1">Durnham, Martin (1998). <i>Women and Fascism</i>. London: Francis & Taylor. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1134806361" title="Special:BookSources/1134806361"><bdi>1134806361</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+and+Fascism&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Francis+%26+Taylor&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1134806361&rft.aulast=Durnham&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJane+Birdwood%2C+Baroness+Birdwood" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolian2011" class="citation book cs1">Holian, Anna (2011). <i>Between National Socialism and Soviet Communism: Displaced Persons in Postwar Germany</i>. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0472117802" title="Special:BookSources/978-0472117802"><bdi>978-0472117802</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Between+National+Socialism+and+Soviet+Communism%3A+Displaced+Persons+in+Postwar+Germany&rft.place=Ann+Arbor&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0472117802&rft.aulast=Holian&rft.aufirst=Anna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJane+Birdwood%2C+Baroness+Birdwood" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoth2002" class="citation book cs1">Roth, Stephen (2002). <i>Antisemitism Worldwide, 2000/1</i>. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/080325945X" title="Special:BookSources/080325945X"><bdi>080325945X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Antisemitism+Worldwide%2C+2000%2F1&rft.place=Lincoln&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=080325945X&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJane+Birdwood%2C+Baroness+Birdwood" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowbotham1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Rowbotham" title="Sheila Rowbotham">Rowbotham, Sheila</a> (1997). <i>A Century of Women: The History of Women in Britain and the United States</i>. London: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1844678709" title="Special:BookSources/1844678709"><bdi>1844678709</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Century+of+Women%3A+The+History+of+Women+in+Britain+and+the+United+States&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1844678709&rft.aulast=Rowbotham&rft.aufirst=Sheila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJane+Birdwood%2C+Baroness+Birdwood" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarder1997" class="citation book cs1">Sarder, Ziauddin (1997). "British, Muslim, Writer". In Juliet Steyn (ed.). <i>Other Than Identity: The Subject, Politics and Art</i>. Manchester: Manchester University Press. pp. 63–83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0719044634" title="Special:BookSources/0719044634"><bdi>0719044634</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=British%2C+Muslim%2C+Writer&rft.btitle=Other+Than+Identity%3A+The+Subject%2C+Politics+and+Art&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pages=63-83&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0719044634&rft.aulast=Sarder&rft.aufirst=Ziauddin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJane+Birdwood%2C+Baroness+Birdwood" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomlinson1981" class="citation book cs1">Tomlinson, John (1981). <i>Left-right: The March of Political Extremism in Britain</i>. London: John Calder. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0714538558" title="Special:BookSources/0714538558"><bdi>0714538558</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Left-right%3A+The+March+of+Political+Extremism+in+Britain&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Calder&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0714538558&rft.aulast=Tomlinson&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJane+Birdwood%2C+Baroness+Birdwood" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jane_Birdwood,_Baroness_Birdwood&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Lowles-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lowles_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lowles_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lowles_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lowles_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lowles_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lowles_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lowles_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lowles_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lowles_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lowles_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lowles_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lowles_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lowles_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLowles2000" class="citation news cs1">Lowles, Nick (August 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041212032828/http://www.searchlightmagazine.com/index.php?link=template&story=80">"A very English extremist"</a>. Searchlight. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.searchlightmagazine.com/index.php?link=template&story=80">the original</a> on 12 December 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+very+English+extremist&rft.date=2000-08&rft.aulast=Lowles&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.searchlightmagazine.com%2Findex.php%3Flink%3Dtemplate%26story%3D80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJane+Birdwood%2C+Baroness+Birdwood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fountain-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fountain_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fountain_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fountain_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fountain_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fountain_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fountain_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fountain_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fountain_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fountain_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFountain2000" class="citation news cs1">Fountain, Nigel (30 June 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/2000/jun/30/guardianobituaries.nigelfountain">"The Dowager Lady Birdwood"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+Dowager+Lady+Birdwood&rft.date=2000-06-30&rft.aulast=Fountain&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2000%2Fjun%2F30%2Fguardianobituaries.nigelfountain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJane+Birdwood%2C+Baroness+Birdwood" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Telegraph2000-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph2000_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph2000_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph2000_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph2000_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph2000_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph2000_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph2000_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph2000_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Telegraph2000_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1345459/The-Dowager-Lady-Birdwood.html">Obituary: The Dowager Lady Birdwood</a>, <i>The Daily Telegraph</i>, 29 June 2000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rosenberg-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rosenberg_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenberg2014" class="citation news cs1">Rosenberg, Paul (28 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/seven-decades-nazi-collaboration-americas-dirty-little-ukraine-secret/">"Seven Decades of Nazi Collaboration: America's Dirty Little Ukraine Secret"</a>. The Nation<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Union_of_Fascists" title="British Union of Fascists">British Union of Fascists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Britons" title="The Britons">The Britons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britons_Publishing_Society" title="Britons Publishing Society">Britons Publishing Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Array" title="English Array">English Array</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Mistery" title="English Mistery">English Mistery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_National_Association" title="English National Association">English National Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Fascist_League" title="Imperial Fascist League">Imperial Fascist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Link_(UK_organization)" title="The Link (UK organization)">The Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militant_Christian_Patriots" title="Militant Christian Patriots">Militant Christian Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fascisti" title="National Fascisti">National Fascisti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(UK,_1917)" title="National Party (UK, 1917)">National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_League" title="National Socialist League">National Socialist League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_League" title="Nordic League">Nordic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Club" title="Right Club">Right Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct<br />post-1945 groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Democratic_Party_(1979)" title="British Democratic Party (1979)">British Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire_Party" title="British Empire Party">British Empire Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Freedom_Party" title="British Freedom Party">British Freedom Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_People%27s_Party_(2005)" title="British People's Party (2005)">British People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_League_of_Ex-Servicemen_and_Women" title="British League of Ex-Servicemen and Women">British League of Ex-Servicemen and Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_League_of_Rights" title="British League of Rights">British League of Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party_(1960)" title="British National Party (1960)">British National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column_88" title="Column 88">Column 88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Democratic_Alliance" title="Conservative Democratic Alliance">Conservative Democratic Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Movement" title="Constitutional Movement">Constitutional Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England_First_Party" title="England First Party">England First Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Liberation_Front" title="European Liberation Front">European Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_Group" title="Flag Group">Flag Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_Britain_Movement" title="For Britain Movement">For Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_Lads_Alliance" title="Football Lads Alliance">Football Lads Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Britain_Movement" title="Greater Britain Movement">Greater Britain Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Third_Position" title="International Third Position">International Third Position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Empire_Loyalists" title="League of Empire Loyalists">League of Empire Loyalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_GB" title="Liberty GB">Liberty GB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_(UK,_1966)" title="National Democratic Party (UK, 1966)">National Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democrats_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Democrats (United Kingdom)">National Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fellowship" title="National Fellowship">National Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Independence_Party_(UK)" title="National Independence Party (UK)">National Independence Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Labour_Party_(UK,_1957)" title="National Labour Party (UK, 1957)">National Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(UK,_1976)" title="National Party (UK, 1976)">National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Action_Party" title="National Socialist Action Party">National Socialist Action Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(UK,_1962)" title="National Socialist Movement (UK, 1962)">National Socialist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Movement_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Socialist Movement (United Kingdom)">National Socialist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Alliance" title="Nationalist Alliance">Nationalist Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Britain_Party" title="New Britain Party">New Britain Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Nationalist_Party_(UK)" title="New Nationalist Party (UK)">New Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_League_(British_neo-Nazi_organisation)" title="Northern League (British neo-Nazi organisation)">Northern League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_National_Front" title="Official National Front">Official National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Party_(UK)" title="Patriotic Party (UK)">Patriotic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_Preservation_Society" title="Racial Preservation Society">Racial Preservation Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Conservative_Caucus" title="Revolutionary Conservative Caucus">Revolutionary Conservative Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spearhead_(magazine)" title="Spearhead (magazine)"><i>Spearhead</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Movement" title="Union Movement">Union Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Country_Party_(United_Kingdom)" title="United Country Party (United Kingdom)">United Country Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Defence_League" title="White Defence League">White Defence League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Nationalist_Party" title="White Nationalist Party">White Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Goals_Institute" title="Western Goals Institute">Western Goals Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_far-right_groups_(1945%E2%80%93present)" title="List of British far-right groups (1945–present)">Active groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood_%26_Honour" title="Blood & Honour">Blood & Honour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britain_First" title="Britain First">Britain First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Democratic_Party_(2013)" title="British Democratic Party (2013)">British Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Movement" title="British Movement">British Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party" title="British National Party">British National Party</a> (<a href="/wiki/BNP_Youth" title="BNP Youth">BNP Youth</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Council_of_Britain" title="Christian Council of Britain">Christian Council of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_18" title="Combat 18">Combat 18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Defence_League" title="English Defence League">English Defence League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Democrats" title="English Democrats">English Democrats</a> (some members)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Oswald_Mosley" title="Friends of Oswald Mosley">Friends of Oswald Mosley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeland_Party_(Britain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeland Party (Britain)">Homeland Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Saint_George" title="League of Saint George">League of Saint George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Forum_(far-right_group)" title="London Forum (far-right group)">London Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Action_(UK)" title="National Action (UK)">National Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(UK)" title="National Front (UK)">National Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(UK,_1999)" title="National Liberal Party (UK, 1999)">National Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9th_Society" title="November 9th Society">November 9th Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Alternative" title="Patriotic Alternative">Patriotic Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Coalition" title="Protestant Coalition">Protestant Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casuals_United" title="Casuals United">Pie and Mash squad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Nine_Angles" title="Order of Nine Angles">Order of Nine Angles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_Volunteer_Force" title="Racial Volunteer Force">Racial Volunteer Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division#United_Kingdom_(Sonnenkrieg_Division)" title="Atomwaffen Division">Sonnenkrieg Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Islamisation_of_Europe" title="Stop Islamisation of Europe">Stop Islamisation of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Britain_Group" title="Traditional Britain Group">Traditional Britain Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-1945 people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Sophia_Allen" title="Mary Sophia Allen">Mary Sophia Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Amery" title="John Amery">John Amery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hamilton_Beamish" title="Henry Hamilton Beamish">Henry Hamilton Beamish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Beckett_(politician)" title="John Beckett (politician)">John Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Russell,_12th_Duke_of_Bedford" title="Hastings Russell, 12th Duke of Bedford">Hastings Russell, 12th Duke of Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._B._D._Blakeney" title="R. B. D. Blakeney">R. B. D. Blakeney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._K._Chesterton" title="A. K. Chesterton">A. K. Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Clarke" title="John Henry Clarke">John Henry Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Haller_Cooper" title="Thomas Haller Cooper">Thomas Haller Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Domvile" title="Barry Domvile">Barry Domvile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Drummond_Wolff_(Basingstoke_MP)" title="Henry Drummond Wolff (Basingstoke MP)">Henry Drummond Wolff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josslyn_Hay,_22nd_Earl_of_Erroll" title="Josslyn Hay, 22nd Earl of Erroll">Josslyn Hay, 22nd Earl of Erroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Evans-Gordon" title="William Evans-Gordon">William Evans-Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Forgan" title="Robert Forgan">Robert Forgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolf_Gardiner" title="Rolf Gardiner">Rolf Gardiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Boyle,_8th_Earl_of_Glasgow" title="Patrick Boyle, 8th Earl of Glasgow">Patrick Boyle, 8th Earl of Glasgow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Elsdale_Goad" title="Harold Elsdale Goad">Harold Elsdale Goad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Goodall" title="Reginald Goodall">Reginald Goodall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gordon-Canning" title="Robert Gordon-Canning">Robert Gordon-Canning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Greig" title="Louis Greig">Louis Greig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Francis_Hawkins" title="Neil Francis Hawkins">Neil Francis Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._F._C._Fuller" title="J. F. C. Fuller">J. F. C. Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Joyce" title="William Joyce">William Joyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Leese" title="Arnold Leese">Arnold Leese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotha_Lintorn-Orman" title="Rotha Lintorn-Orman">Rotha Lintorn-Orman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_McLardy" title="Frank McLardy">Frank McLardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_Mitford" title="Unity Mitford">Unity Mitford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Mosley" title="Diana Mosley">Diana Mosley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Cynthia_Mosley" title="Lady Cynthia Mosley">Cynthia Mosley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oswald_Mosley" title="Oswald Mosley">Oswald Mosley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_Wallop,_9th_Earl_of_Portsmouth" title="Gerard Wallop, 9th Earl of Portsmouth">Gerard Wallop, 9th Earl of Portsmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archibald_Maule_Ramsay" title="Archibald Maule Ramsay">Archibald Maule Ramsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mitford,_2nd_Baron_Redesdale" title="David Mitford, 2nd Baron Redesdale">David Mitford, 2nd Baron Redesdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliott_Verdon_Roe" title="Alliott Verdon Roe">Alliott Verdon Roe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Russell,_26th_Baron_de_Clifford" title="Edward Russell, 26th Baron de Clifford">Edward Russell, 26th Baron de Clifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Raven_Thomson" title="Alexander Raven Thomson">Alexander Raven Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Seton_Hutchison" title="Graham Seton Hutchison">Graham Seton Hutchison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Vivian" title="Herbert Vivian">Herbert Vivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Warburton_(fascist)" title="John Warburton (fascist)">John Warburton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Watts_(fascist)" title="Charlie Watts (fascist)">Charlie Watts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesta_Helen_Webster" title="Nesta Helen Webster">Nesta Helen Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_5th_Duke_of_Wellington" title="Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington">Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Williamson" title="Henry Williamson">Henry Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormonde_Winter" title="Ormonde Winter">Ormonde Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Yeats-Brown" title="Francis Yeats-Brown">Francis Yeats-Brown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-1945 people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Anderson_(British_politician)" title="Ian Anderson (British politician)">Ian Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Barnbrook" title="Richard Barnbrook">Richard Barnbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._F._X._Baron" title="A. F. X. Baron">A. F. X. Baron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Larratt_Battersby" title="James Larratt Battersby">James Larratt Battersby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Beackon" title="Derek Beackon">Derek Beackon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bean_(politician)" title="John Bean (politician)">John Bean</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jane, Lady Birdwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bowden" title="Jonathan Bowden">Jonathan Bowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Brons" title="Andrew Brons">Andrew Brons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Bryan" title="Kevin Bryan">Kevin Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Buckby" title="Jack Buckby">Jack Buckby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Butler" title="Eddy Butler">Eddy Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._K._Chesterton" title="A. K. Chesterton">A. K. Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Collett" title="Mark Collett">Mark Collett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_London_nail_bombings#David_Copeland" title="1999 London nail bombings">David Copeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Cotterill" title="Mark Cotterill">Mark Cotterill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicky_Crane" title="Nicky Crane">Nicky Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Darby" title="Simon Darby">Simon Darby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Ebanks" title="Sharon Ebanks">Sharon Ebanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Edmonds" title="Richard Edmonds">Richard Edmonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Dowson" title="Jim Dowson">Jim Dowson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Fountaine" title="Andrew Fountaine">Andrew Fountaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayda_Fransen" title="Jayda Fransen">Jayda Fransen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Golding" title="Paul Golding">Paul Golding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Griffin" title="Nick Griffin">Nick Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Hamm" title="Jeffrey Hamm">Jeffrey Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hancock_(publisher)" title="Anthony Hancock (publisher)">Anthony Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Harrington_(activist)" title="Patrick Harrington (activist)">Patrick Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Hill_(British_activist)" title="Ray Hill (British activist)">Ray Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Holland_(activist)" title="Derek Holland (activist)">Derek Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Holmes_(British_politician)" title="Tom Holmes (British politician)">Tom Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katie_Hopkins" title="Katie Hopkins">Katie Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Huxley-Blythe" title="Peter Huxley-Blythe">Peter Huxley-Blythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Irving" title="David Irving">David Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Jordan" title="Colin Jordan">Colin Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raheem_Kassam" title="Raheem Kassam">Raheem Kassam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kemp" title="Arthur Kemp">Arthur Kemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Kurtagi%C4%87" title="Alex Kurtagić">Alex Kurtagić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kingsley_Read" title="John Kingsley Read">John Kingsley Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Lake_(English_Defence_League)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Lake (English Defence League)">Alan Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Lawson_(activist)" title="Richard Lawson (activist)">Richard Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Lecomber" title="Tony Lecomber">Tony Lecomber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_McLaughlin_(activist)" title="Michael McLaughlin (activist)">Michael McLaughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Morrison" title="Eddy Morrison">Eddy Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Morse_(British_politician)" title="John Morse (British politician)">John Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Myatt" title="David Myatt">David Myatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_O%27Brien_(British_politician)" title="John O'Brien (British politician)">John O'Brien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Painter" title="Roy Painter">Roy Painter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neema_Parvini" title="Neema Parvini">Neema Parvini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Pearson_(anthropologist)" title="Roger Pearson (anthropologist)">Roger Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Pirie" title="Denis Pirie">Denis Pirie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Quinn_(neo-Nazi)" title="Kevin Quinn (neo-Nazi)">Kevin Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Reed_Herbert" title="Anthony Reed Herbert">Anthony Reed Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Relf" title="Robert Relf">Robert Relf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Renshaw_(terrorist)" title="Jack Renshaw (terrorist)">Jack Renshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennial_Woes" title="Millennial Woes">Colin Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Robinson" title="Tommy Robinson">Tommy Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Row" title="Robert Row">Robert Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Sheppard_(activist)" title="Simon Sheppard (activist)">Simon Sheppard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Smith_(far-right_activist)" title="Kenny Smith (far-right activist)">Kenny Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy_Southgate" title="Troy Southgate">Troy Southgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Stuart_Donaldson" title="Ian Stuart Donaldson">Ian Stuart Donaldson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keith_Thompson_(politician)" title="Keith Thompson (politician)">Keith Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Tyndall_(far-right_activist)" title="John Tyndall (far-right activist)">John Tyndall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Verrall" title="Richard Verrall">Richard Verrall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Walker_(British_politician)" title="Adam Walker (British politician)">Adam Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Marie_Waters" title="Anne Marie Waters">Anne Marie Waters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Joseph_Watson" title="Paul Joseph Watson">Paul Joseph Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Webster" title="Martin Webster">Martin Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_West_(politician)" title="Robert West (politician)">Robert West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Weston_(politician)" title="Paul Weston (politician)">Paul Weston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Williamson" title="Graham Williamson">Graham Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Wingfield" title="Martin Wingfield">Martin Wingfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Graeme_Wood" title="John Graeme Wood">John Graeme Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo_Yiannopoulos" title="Milo Yiannopoulos">Milo Yiannopoulos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-German_Fellowship" title="Anglo-German Fellowship">Anglo-German Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cable_Street" title="Battle of Cable Street">Battle of Cable Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Fascism" class="mw-redirect" title="British Fascism">British Fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_National_Party_election_results" title="British National Party election results">British National Party election results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliveden_set" title="Cliveden set">Cliveden set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_a_Nation" title="Europe a Nation">Europe a Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_fascist_parties" title="List of British fascist parties">List of British fascist parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(UK)_election_results" title="National Front (UK) election results">National Front election results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_for_the_Maintenance_of_Supplies" title="Organisation for the Maintenance of Supplies">Organisation for the Maintenance of Supplies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Soldier" title="Political Soldier">Political Soldier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Communism" title="Rock Against Communism">Rock Against Communism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active notable publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candour_(magazine)" title="Candour (magazine)"><i>Candour</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redwatch" title="Redwatch">Redwatch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Historical_negationism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Falsification_of_history" title="Template:Falsification of history"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Falsification_of_history" title="Template talk:Falsification of history"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Falsification_of_history" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Falsification of history"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Historical_negationism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Historical_negationism" title="Historical negationism">Historical negationism</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Denialism" title="Denialism">Denialism</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">Disinformation</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_falsification" title="Knowledge falsification">Knowledge falsification</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Pseudohistory" title="Pseudohistory">Pseudohistory</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Textbook_controversies" title="Category:Textbook controversies">school textbook controversies</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rationalization_(psychology)" title="Rationalization (psychology)">Rationalization</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Victim_blaming" title="Victim blaming">Victim blaming</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Genocide_denial" title="Genocide denial">Genocide denial</a> / <br />denial of <a href="/wiki/Mass_killing" title="Mass killing">mass killings</a><br />and atrocities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide_denial" title="Armenian genocide denial">Armenian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denial_of_atrocities_against_Indigenous_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Denial of atrocities against Indigenous peoples">Atrocities against Indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_genocide_denial" title="Bosnian genocide denial">Bosnian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodian_genocide_denial" title="Cambodian genocide denial">Cambodian genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denial_of_the_genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Denial of the genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Genocide of Serbs during WWII</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Wikipedia_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian Wikipedia controversy">Croatian Wikipedia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holodomor_denial" title="Holodomor denial">Holodomor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Katyn" title="Anti-Katyn">Katyn massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khojaly_massacre#Armenian_reactions" title="Khojaly massacre">Khojaly massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre_denial" title="Nanjing Massacre denial">Nanjing Massacre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_cover-up_of_Japanese_war_crimes" title="American cover-up of Japanese war crimes">U.S. cover-up of Japanese war crimes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingya_genocide#Media_coverage_in_Myanmar" title="Rohingya genocide">Rohingya genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwandan_genocide_denial" title="Rwandan genocide denial">Rwandan genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denial_of_the_7_October_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Denial of the 7 October attacks">Denial of the 7 October attacks</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Holocaust" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria_victim_theory" title="Austria victim theory">Austria victim theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myth_of_the_clean_Wehrmacht" title="Myth of the clean Wehrmacht">Clean <i>Wehrmacht</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rommel_myth" title="Rommel myth">Rommel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Speer_myth" class="mw-redirect" title="Speer myth">Speer myth</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Italiani_brava_gente" title="Italiani brava gente">Italiani brava gente</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_trivialization" title="Holocaust trivialization">Trivialization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_genocide_theory" title="Double genocide theory">Double genocide theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_syndrome" title="Vichy syndrome">Vichy syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonderaktion_1005" title="Sonderaktion 1005"><i>Sonderaktion</i> 1005</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other whitewashing<br />of governments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cuba_de_ayer" title="Cuba de ayer">Cuba de ayer</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_myth" title="Czechoslovak myth">Czechoslovak myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denial_of_state_terrorism_in_Argentina" title="Denial of state terrorism in Argentina">Denial of state terrorism in Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driftwood_theory" title="Driftwood theory">Driftwood theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_distortion_regarding_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos apologism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Cause_of_the_Confederacy" title="Lost Cause of the Confederacy">Lost Cause of the Confederacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dunning_School" title="Dunning School">Dunning School</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Negationism_of_the_military_dictatorship_of_Brazil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Negationism of the military dictatorship of Brazil (page does not exist)">Negationism of the military dictatorship of Brazil</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negacionismo_da_ditadura_militar_brasileira" class="extiw" title="pt:Negacionismo da ditadura militar brasileira">pt</a>]</span> / <a href="/wiki/Negationism_of_the_military_dictatorship_of_Chile" title="Negationism of the military dictatorship of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Stalinism" title="Neo-Stalinism">Neo-Stalinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Legacy" title="Operation Legacy">Operation Legacy (UK)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other manifestations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allah_as_a_lunar_deity" title="Allah as a lunar deity">Allah as a lunar deity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_astronauts" title="Ancient astronauts">Ancient astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_race_controversy" title="Ancient Egyptian race controversy">Ancient Egyptian race controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiquization" title="Antiquization">Antiquization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_burning" title="Book burning">Book burnings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_book-burning_incidents" title="List of book-burning incidents">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Zimbabwe#Political_implications" title="Great Zimbabwe">Censorship of Great Zimbabwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_myth_theory" title="Christ myth theory">Christ myth theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacianism" title="Dacianism">Dacianism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Damnatio_memoriae" title="Damnatio memoriae">Damnatio memoriae</a></i></li> <li>Destruction of cultural heritage <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_cultural_heritage_by_the_Islamic_State" title="Destruction of cultural heritage by the Islamic State">Islamic State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_early_Islamic_heritage_sites_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Destruction of early Islamic heritage sites in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_cultural_heritage_during_the_Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Destruction of cultural heritage during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Myth_of_English_aid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Myth of English aid (page does not exist)">Myth of English aid</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mito_de_la_ayuda_inglesa" class="extiw" title="es:Mito de la ayuda inglesa">es</a>]</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Erased" title="The Erased">Izbrisani</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khazar_hypothesis_of_Ashkenazi_ancestry" title="Khazar hypothesis of Ashkenazi ancestry">Khazar hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_erasure" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT erasure">LGBT erasure</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Like_sheep_to_the_slaughter" title="Like sheep to the slaughter">Like sheep to the slaughter</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_success_story" title="Cuban success story">Myth of the golden exile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phantom_time_conspiracy_theory" title="Phantom time conspiracy theory">Phantom time hypothesis</a> / <a href="/wiki/New_chronology_(Fomenko)" title="New chronology (Fomenko)">New chronology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Pseudohistory_Theory" title="Western Pseudohistory Theory">Western Pseudohistory Theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_authorship_question" title="Shakespeare authorship question">Shakespeare authorship question</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_losses_of_Thailand" title="Territorial losses of Thailand">Territorial losses of Thailand</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Azerbaijan" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Falsification_of_history_in_Azerbaijan" title="Falsification of history in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Destruction of Armenian heritage <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_cemetery_in_Julfa" title="Armenian cemetery in Julfa">Cemetery in Julfa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Destruction_of_Armenian_heritage_in_Nakhchivan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Destruction of Armenian heritage in Nakhchivan (page does not exist)">Nakhchivan</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Разрушение армянского наследия в Нахиджеване">ru</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_on_granting_Nizami_the_status_of_the_national_poet_of_Azerbaijan" title="Campaign on granting Nizami the status of the national poet of Azerbaijan">Nizami Ganjavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Azerbaijan_(irredentist_concept)" title="Western Azerbaijan (irredentist concept)">Western Azerbaijan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borussian_myth" title="Borussian myth">Borussian myth</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Myth_of_Langemarck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Myth of Langemarck (page does not exist)">Myth of Langemarck</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mythos_von_Langemarck" class="extiw" title="de:Mythos von Langemarck">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stab-in-the-back_myth" title="Stab-in-the-back myth">Stab-in-the-back myth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel / Palestine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denial_of_the_7_October_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Denial of the 7 October attacks">Denial of the 7 October attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakba_denial" title="Nakba denial">Nakba denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_denial" title="Temple denial">Temple denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/There_was_no_such_thing_as_Palestinians" title="There was no such thing as Palestinians">There was no such thing as Palestinians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegations_of_genocide_in_Donbas" title="Allegations of genocide in Donbas">Allegations of genocide in Donbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Russian_nation" title="All-Russian nation">All-Russian nation</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Historical_Unity_of_Russians_and_Ukrainians" title="On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians">On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Soviet Union <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_of_images_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Censorship of images in the Soviet Union">Censorship of images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denial_of_Crimean_Tatars_by_the_Soviet_Union" title="Denial of Crimean Tatars by the Soviet Union">Denial of Crimean Tatars</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Turkey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denial_of_Kurds_by_Turkey" title="Denial of Kurds by Turkey">Denial of Kurds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_History_Thesis" title="Turkish History Thesis">History Thesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Language_Theory" title="Sun Language Theory">Sun Language Theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1776_Commission" title="1776 Commission">1776 Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_slaves_myth" title="Irish slaves myth">Irish slaves myth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_stab-in-the-back_myth" title="Vietnam stab-in-the-back myth">Vietnam stab-in-the-back myth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Institute" title="Adelaide Institute">Adelaide Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AS%C4%B0MKK" title="ASİMKK">ASİMKK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_the_Study_of_the_Causes_of_the_War" title="Centre for the Study of the Causes of the War">Centre for the Study of the Causes of the War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CODOH" class="mw-redirect" title="CODOH">CODOH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalit_Voice" title="Dalit Voice">Dalit Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FactCheckArmenia.com" title="FactCheckArmenia.com">FactCheckArmenia.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gesellschaft_zur_Rechtlichen_und_Humanit%C3%A4ren_Unterst%C3%BCtzung" title="Gesellschaft zur Rechtlichen und Humanitären Unterstützung">Gesellschaft zur Rechtlichen und Humanitären Unterstützung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIAG" title="HIAG">HIAG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I%C4%9Fd%C4%B1r_Genocide_Memorial_and_Museum" title="Iğdır Genocide Memorial and Museum">Iğdır Genocide Memorial and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Armenian_Research" title="Institute for Armenian Research">Institute for Armenian Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Historical_Review" title="Institute for Historical Review">Institute for Historical Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nippon_Kaigi" title="Nippon Kaigi">Nippon Kaigi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Historical_Society" title="Turkish Historical Society">Turkish Historical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Daughters_of_the_Confederacy" title="United Daughters of the Confederacy">United Daughters of the Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeitgeschichtliche_Forschungsstelle_Ingolstadt" title="Zeitgeschichtliche Forschungsstelle Ingolstadt">Zeitgeschichtliche Forschungsstelle Ingolstadt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Town_Betrayed" title="A Town Betrayed">A Town Betrayed</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Verdade_Sufocada" title="A Verdade Sufocada">A Verdade Sufocada</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Birth_of_a_Nation" title="The Birth of a Nation">The Birth of a Nation</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coverage_of_the_Hillsborough_disaster_by_The_Sun" title="Coverage of the Hillsborough disaster by The Sun">Coverage of the Hillsborough disaster by <i>The Sun</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Did_Six_Million_Really_Die%3F" title="Did Six Million Really Die?">Did Six Million Really Die?</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Falsifiers_of_History" title="Falsifiers of History">Falsifiers of History</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatline_(B.o.B_song)" title="Flatline (B.o.B song)">Flatline</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Folk_og_Land" title="Folk og Land">Folk og Land</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_History_of_the_Palestinian_People" title="A History of the Palestinian People">A History of the Palestinian People (2017)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitler_Diaries" title="Hitler Diaries">Hitler Diaries</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hoax_of_the_Twentieth_Century" title="The Hoax of the Twentieth Century">The Hoax of the Twentieth Century</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Am_More_Than_a_Wolf_Whistle" title="I Am More Than a Wolf Whistle">I Am More Than a Wolf Whistle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jasenovac_%E2%80%93_istina" title="Jasenovac – istina">Jasenovac – istina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Historical_Review" title="Journal of Historical Review">Journal of Historical Review</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leuchter_report" title="Leuchter report">Leuchter report</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Other_Side:_The_Secret_Relationship_Between_Nazism_and_Zionism" title="The Other Side: The Secret Relationship Between Nazism and Zionism">The Other Side: The Secret Relationship Between Nazism and Zionism</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ottoman_Lieutenant" title="The Ottoman Lieutenant">The Ottoman Lieutenant</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Report_about_Case_Srebrenica" title="Report about Case Srebrenica">Report about Case Srebrenica</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conferences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_to_Review_the_Global_Vision_of_the_Holocaust" title="International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust">International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publishing houses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arndt_Verlag" title="Arndt Verlag">Arndt Verlag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.J._Fedorowicz_Publishing" title="J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing">J.J. Fedorowicz Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munin_Verlag" class="mw-redirect" title="Munin Verlag">Munin Verlag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_Europa" title="Nation Europa">Nation Europa Verlag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal status</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_Holocaust_denial" title="Legality of Holocaust denial">Statute law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Verbotsgesetz_1947" title="Verbotsgesetz 1947">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Holocaust_denial_law" title="Belgian Holocaust denial law">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayssot_Act" title="Gayssot Act">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volksverhetzung" title="Volksverhetzung">Germany</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Case law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/R_v_Zundel" title="R v Zundel">R v Zundel</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lehideux_and_Isorni_v_France" title="Lehideux and Isorni v France">Lehideux and Isorni v France</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Irving_v_Penguin_Books_Ltd" title="Irving v Penguin Books Ltd">Irving v Penguin Books Ltd</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Perin%C3%A7ek_v._Switzerland" title="Perinçek v. Switzerland">Perinçek v. Switzerland</a></i> (2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Additional_Protocol_to_the_Convention_on_Cybercrime" title="Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime">Additional Protocol to the Convention on Cybercrime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_truth" title="Right to truth">Right to truth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_fiction" title="Historical fiction">Historical fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_revisionism" title="Historical revisionism">Historical revisionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_misconception" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical misconception">Historical misconceptions</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accusation_in_a_mirror" title="Accusation in a mirror">Accusation in a mirror</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ash_heap_of_history" title="Ash heap of history">Ash heap of history</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship" title="Censorship">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_picking" title="Cherry picking">Cherry picking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">Conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_attribution" title="False attribution">False attribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furtive_fallacy" title="Furtive fallacy">Furtive fallacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide_justification" title="Genocide justification">Genocide justification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">Propaganda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td 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