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Song Dynasty Coin Moulds Found in Salt Lake
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menu-item-6344"><a href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/about-me/">ABOUT ME</a></li> </ul> <div id="header" class="header"> <div id="site_title">Primal Trek</div> <div id="site_tagline">a journey through Chinese culture</div> </div> <div class="columns"> <div class="content"> <div id="post-7637" class="post_box grt top" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Article"> <link href="https://primaltrek.com/blog/2015/07/28/song-dynasty-coin-moulds-found-in-salt-lake/" itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" /> <div class="headline_area"> <h1 class="headline" itemprop="headline">Song Dynasty Coin Moulds Found in Salt Lake</h1> <div class="byline small"> <span class="post_author_intro">by</span> <span class="post_author" itemprop="author">Gary Ashkenazy</span> <meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2015-07-28" /> <meta itemprop="dateModified" content="2015-07-28" /> <span class="post_date_intro">on</span> <span class="post_date" title="2015-07-28">July 28, 2015</span> </div> </div> <div class="post_content" itemprop="articleBody"> <p>Two enthusiasts of the “salt lake culture” were taking pictures of birds at the Yuncheng “salt lake” (运城盐池) when they accidentally discovered a number of clay moulds (模具) used to cast iron coins (铁钱) during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_dynasty#Northern_Song.2C_959.E2.80.931126" target="_blank">Northern Song dynasty</a> (<a href="http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=gUC2mAvSOKCzYAambU4YPsKpaSPmBFTmpWEG-G0I3mMXWBpicl5QgssKqLhN0KhobM9Ac9OFdPNWU_R8NL5eo_" target="_blank">北宋</a> 960-1127), according to an <a href="http://epaper.sxycrb.com/hhcb/html/2015-06/16/content_63917.htm" target="_blank">article</a> published June 16, 2015 by the Yuncheng News Network (运城新闻网).</p> <p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuncheng" target="_blank">Yuncheng</a> (<a href="http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=FkPCat63IsrwwUFDRDQ2b5P-ioQEQKUi465Qf_iifa-1l8qvULG-sap7MJ9c4ovxJSQX-2t6N4bWlNJj5jf9gK" target="_blank">运城</a>) is located in north China’s <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanxi" target="_blank">Shanxi Province</a> (<a href="http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=53qQBhWW2Fs7-dXCyzP36rXKMC61TZ8DlwZtJWNhvQbYqbZOlK3BwJfOQD-7V-yG3oQcRib6Ye9NGfYF8csSYuspEMI3GuUToxVsqB_8c5S" target="_blank">山西</a>) and its large salt lake (盐湖) is known as “<a href="http://en.people.cn/102774/7763942.html" target="_blank">China’s Dead Sea</a>” (<a href="http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=Gjb9MKaW-Wh3hEkb9P22ao0WDptxuq2o84klL1oPBVi2_vx9saSmouN1X8dNdc69QYhh7tOU3A5-Gk222qpXEq" target="_blank">中国死海</a>).</p> <p>Because of its huge quantities of salt, the salt lake has historically been a valuable resource. Beginning in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang_dynasty" target="_blank">Tang Dynasty</a> (<a href="http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=vMyzVTI69yJ_XxP96JHM7LO2OoQlbhc_IxQgueWcsfwT8b8A7aslNAH4kBB0DcaXQqbHv6qzZNZR48GwO5x24zLio3SJSDgWBu45Kpo9UPy" target="_blank">唐朝</a> 618-907), a “Forbidden Wall” (<a href="http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=grpGnkTc9JLFu8z6LtWqIounjLZLCuK_FQcEDK67_r4_8Ar7n_IE9BL9vA9ecJn5Ibbl8N1Y24AzcxfZGVKDNa" target="_blank">禁墙</a>) was built around the lake to protect this important source of tax revenue and to prevent stealing and smuggling.</p> <p>While the wall no longer exists, it is fortunate that a few old and rare photographs have survived which show the wall’s gates.</p> <p><a href="http://maca.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p132501coll5/id/1468" target="_blank">This photograph</a>, which is in the archives of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" target="_blank">Smithsonian Institution</a> (<a href="http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=OVR3NXl7gqA23Kw97o7DprWr7fkTX_fP3dWheYonfU91skwDPKupF0dyq3_ivJT9" target="_blank">史密森学会</a>), shows one of the wall’s gates seen by the Robert Sterling Clark expedition in 1908-1909. Also, the undated photograph in <a href="http://www.tydao.com/2011/0615/js110509jinqiang.htm" target="_blank">this article</a> shows the wall’s middle gate (中禁门).</p> <div style="width: 492px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="http://epaper.sxycrb.com/hhcb/html/2015-06/16/content_63917.htm" target="_blank"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" title="Two bird photographers at the Yuncheng salt lake discover more than 500 clay moulds used to cast iron coins during the Song Dynasty" src="https://primaltrek.com/yunchengsaltlake.jpg" alt="Two bird photographers at the Yuncheng salt lake discover more than 500 clay moulds used to cast iron coins during the Song Dynasty" width="482" height="356" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Two bird photographers at the Yuncheng salt lake discover more than 500 clay moulds used to cast iron coins during the Song Dynasty</p></div> <p>The image above shows Mr. Jing Xiaoxiong (景晓雄) and Mr. Zhang Xiaobie (张小别) who are credited with discovering the coin moulds at the Yuncheng salt lake.</p> <p>They recovered more than 500 moulds although many are in poor condition.</p> <p>Inscriptions on the coin moulds include <em>chong ning tong bao</em> (崇宁通宝), <em>zheng he tong bao</em> (政和通宝) and <em>zheng he zhong bao</em> (政和重宝) written in seal script (篆体), as well as <em>da guan tong bao</em> (大观通宝) and <em>yuan feng tong bao</em> (元丰通宝).</p> <div style="width: 492px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="http://epaper.sxycrb.com/hhcb/html/2015-06/16/content_63905.htm" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" title="Clay mould used to cast "chong ning tong bao" iron coins during the Song Dynasty" src="https://primaltrek.com/yunchengcoinmould1.jpg" alt="Clay mould used to cast "chong ning tong bao" iron coins during the Song Dynasty" width="482" height="397" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Clay mould used to cast “chong ning tong bao” iron coins during the Song Dynasty</p></div> <p>As can be clearly seen in the above image, the inscription is <em>chong ning tong bao</em> (<a href="http://www.shuoqian.net/view-22336039.html" target="_blank">崇宁通宝</a>) which indicates that this mould was used to cast iron coins during the years 1102-1106 of the reign of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_Huizong_of_Song" target="_blank">Emperor Huizong</a> (<a href="http://baike.baidu.com/view/7448.htm?fromtitle=%E5%AE%8B%E5%BE%BD%E5%AE%97&fromid=220068&type=search" target="_blank">宋徽宗</a>) of the Northern Song dynasty.</p> <p>The beautiful calligraphy used for this coin is known as <a href="https://primaltrek.com/chinesecoins.html#chong_ning" target="_blank">“Slender Gold” script</a> (<a href="http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=4TVIBpSdTNjvnmvs4BEe9GM0MIXAmkUtYPaszLzzwUdi5RB-tXRJESz59T8OooA-OtuB3je3ERlJdd2rx9kr9Y61qNmy5mBa4u70n35V0vsfhTEHA-56D5QXUZjXchYmxJcHoNejPa_GMYWSx412HW1RcvkEslMtLKVQlyrz8RW" target="_blank">瘦金书</a>) and was done by Emperor Huizong himself.</p> <div style="width: 492px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="http://epaper.sxycrb.com/hhcb/html/2015-06/16/content_63917.htm" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" title="Examples of moulds used to cast Northern Song iron coins discovered at Yuncheng's salt lake" src="https://primaltrek.com/yunchengcoinmould2.jpg" alt="Examples of moulds used to cast Northern Song iron coins discovered at Yuncheng's salt lake" width="482" height="273" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Examples of moulds used to cast Northern Song iron coins discovered at Yuncheng’s salt lake</p></div> <p>The image above displays 26 of the coin moulds.</p> <p>The inscriptions are still very distinct.</p> <div style="width: 492px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="http://epaper.sxycrb.com/hhcb/html/2015-06/16/content_63917.htm" target="_blank"><img decoding="async" title="Several of the better preserved clay coin moulds" src="https://primaltrek.com/yunchengcoinmould3.jpg" alt="Several of the better preserved clay coin moulds" width="482" height="132" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Several of the better preserved clay coin moulds</p></div> <p>The inscriptions on the clay moulds in the image above are identified in the article as “<em>chong ning tong bao </em>(<a href="http://paimai.artxun.com/finish/goods-506723.html" target="_blank">崇宁通宝</a>), <em>zheng he zhong bao</em> (<a href="http://paimai.artxun.com/finish/goods-1005294.html" target="_blank">政和重宝</a>), <em>zheng he tong bao</em> (<a href="http://paimai.artxun.com/finish/goods-794909.html" target="_blank">政和通宝</a>), and <em>yuan feng tong bao</em> (元丰通宝)”.</p> <p>However, the inscription on the mould at the far right appears to me to be <em>da guan tong bao</em> (<a href="http://so.artxun.com/goods-1921413-6.html" target="_blank">大观通宝</a>).</p> <p>The discovery of the coin moulds is actually quite puzzling.</p> <p>Yuncheng was known as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedong" target="_blank">Hedong</a> (<a href="http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=1WXdPQrMG9Wu_DrFHyLNiwybi4X2bz68CHaT6T3XA8Ng4Cqir92rZU2GICXr5GW1Q5l3vueZ1HDg45aHTIL7ZSARc6xvdhkwpVwupWWnvye" target="_blank">河东</a>) in ancient times. According to historical documents, Hedong did not have a mint during the Song dynasty. Furthermore, no ruins of any mint have ever been discovered in the area.</p> <p>The discovery of the clay moulds will encourage further study of Song dynasty ruins in the Yuncheng area in the search for an ancient coin mint.</p> </div> </div> <div id="comments"> <div class="comments_intro"><span class="bracket">{</span> <span class="num_comments">0</span> comments… <a href="#commentform" rel="nofollow">add one</a> <span class="bracket">}</span></div> <div id="commentform"> <form method="post" action="https://primaltrek.com/blog/wp-comments-post.php"> <a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" href="/blog/2015/07/28/song-dynasty-coin-moulds-found-in-salt-lake/#respond" style="display:none;">Cancel reply</a> <p class="comment_form_title">Leave a Comment</p> <p id="comment_form_name"> <label for="author">Name <span class="required" title="Required">*</span></label> <input type="text" id="author" class="input_text" name="author" value="" tabindex="1" aria-required="true" /> </p> <p 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