CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91354b2e3cf5fe0b',cH: 'csFbWerCVoKU9PatoKPN5Ueo3tIDJRtsG8G4LU5AWdY-1739790235-1.2.1.1-OjB_pa24Jp0seITa97Oi.7WlDrYPC.vK8vEnvuUsYJ40QzLbvl9KOVgLW.UqnzgZ',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Marwa%20E.%20Shabana&__cf_chl_tk=GAwqeFOymSvKAlZrIYHtBZGpyDgXWANfZf.oq0Uo1T8-1739790235-1.0.1.1-fV.xyCkUieapEfmazR54IJvKeMmUobCyXyg5AzKPhxQ",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739790235',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Marwa%20E.%20Shabana&__cf_chl_f_tk=GAwqeFOymSvKAlZrIYHtBZGpyDgXWANfZf.oq0Uo1T8-1739790235-1.0.1.1-fV.xyCkUieapEfmazR54IJvKeMmUobCyXyg5AzKPhxQ",md: "dJjrdI0w6lpb6P.mu5Vvoa5rFYcZqec.1tPcLirPpZo-1739790235-1.2.1.1-vVeIdU_N9U3S3pR_kEWyV84zzUp8wF..vIYE7JECgwjrjtbilLZt4z96N5cfxuNTsgqGvQFSPj5EWpyp2HK8lnvvHk6rIF4JftuB6KHP78pV62HzWiqjHm7OG6sMXaWOfeCRsavZtHqlQHRT2bPsk.rP9kqi9B1jSyywmqlXA_rA4T6RPrULWVCUqaf3pqZQRKusuf0ZvGO_iLGVJPsR3ujw4qM8XwayOsMURjixsb3BI5d6TCOJ1Jr4GS_HJgNl73uniMUHUpK18Uc9gQYhxuOomcSB49_NfKdoMfDqDFofK42_0weLjgQCG66pYgikCrGBP3jpAaMvi47fIRVzcbfTWy_xwU.pQitnowM0vxpDaAjgQ8I2BB.EdSfhayyTG7B5BqVLyC6L5pqlwcW159c.8TGykDISAKZbmkrEexoSIEyxFlbouW.cHasBzikQgr0OAJKPamfK3Qc_QruGNaho_jTrRPQn70bpugKL44tU5GWUtLGoraDzRoFr.2K4JzxmgJgy.BQfD6OvlgL0lr38puvM30BavLekXw56pCxfh23gHSQVWGxsEntWjObVHHuW_zkecO6ewLAChfZfTwV6FFaQmJF1x5YxktHA3QAUfsFS7aAtHEAYePsRw1Iu5EZCMwCHjgJmTPZ4k7IHDd26dV1lrP_.f60IK94l6A2WN2E2TWKUK6fcM_strY6R4haSpcDaw1_6fqRBy4N_9ejlJr6Z1U51oM5i9Mcmf5gFaulN3zyUw1MTvW.z_q1CkPyKwT8aeAUmymeNRCci.50n9VYNjGj4QIzLrtl2QxfkNT5oX53FoKHwwJ35aBxbUiM2NRaHAGkAWIFtu._hera0pTcrLKX7c_ANaSh7ZotwR6CKfkWAC5PmGR65G7KcuHhYSb7QbFTO_rsoQeeKQq31cHQPSvpzBq5Ih1R7sHKRt1wqzvokGURmI1boTiHMGT_Kwlb6wxFk0sa45z6pQYGmOT4EV2lEzyJNNPIRd6XG5b_nfl.yU8I2unrh2m5QjmA6mRkqr3tZa5CPxkUzet_9y7twk5LWBPawdQCJxmgREXoZX1XyzoH6q1JuxEoSYzBqiB0xE0etAkCLHoMOVxjqpUXr63j3QhtKm8ZIsPcv7XtW.blo7EFFd92937ewMUuoO1SDHx3U.94I.R90zUTgFtnj9XInRwhztdioMaLhtofio22sdBytf.14lKYX1rdPvOE7xWhTDERsg3ug90Ml3Lta9o4R1HMmKNdMYC7Ef1NQxor2aGos2_WcKM2ShWjRtMewR_HzSRTJ9PqLNabQ0NSvbgpm5c87TryKgIUEtp7eAaXt.3r7PPMeUoGfswoeyHPGDD4ONoTziaoVrNhWXujYBCSLGcVzcPdvVO1Qhu97SM.YqTaXWBGWjBi.j.h8k3NSc7FY9JkSyTVj2p_QyhbOG.fAGyOh4ANcylMSMiKd75yoMihosq.nHQwL8Etkk2EE2BhoKqtD_6hrwW7nrQICDtfBfmL8wXLmey..8rV08J_4AL.GxS_C0l_3ihEVoLN16SeTNEuVij9BP.oLtG9cQYwU5ABpI.aFcHT8IkuZcBwA2gWtqOxRsp1zE2Tf20dKVMuTOyrTE8ZE5DFv14c518P0kXus9_oS0LraS.2HUKbv7f2y0wzqb2jJC3VrW23ShM8CfwfiEZCS0q7x4wtCr7tnPbHboqzUxYDuRyFj62HvBPfBMnXbPvb1CvTWmErZQu1RQ7wY4WoLeYxtLKo2d8RsGQak7IGU1Qkp7HErFtK.5ew7V.ZCXTM0MY0e.QoBrHUZVVIFKYjqtsbVhR3J3u7J6abT8iZ3kz.MFDzgEnAkjHdZqjysItgecbRriPiNaL36ODVzbAk6WKv08guT86YIlFWurEgGWaWxGOXe_KjhBklSursqrqs0.llU1jmoo4U8nXhK4Tzvvg1VmfE0BGoUD7TSdFcDdzA",mdrd: "wEMfiXnpkjEEZEh6dcTFR0FQBj5eVGRDKWGcBR9K7Ts-1739790235-1.2.1.1-ClORifJN9GTsdoJeWxd5fr2nP.rbSawXK2Al8olcdxZpfW0uB6wpsHPDz2XQdfz_qag5e0KZEtWcHG7yGJ17SVYeif.tWa077rkM5uXkVmGmfOYhLJrx4SJhy5mGXQ7Zszwdjjqc6GaFU_vOPTffefiLPLxKJu2hOq3PM4OoNWa6NcHwyAAJbBxqzHyvZ_m_q4OQ66CjlLu2UlwSkkVgiCi_3uVHYtRte7DmHBc0mUkjJHAYRYPSoQkbUwXmMWB58tOCKIKCnKiKi9TmDo_e5HDEFnfVVQj88vbKSOaZ6.eKdt9a_83nLCjeYCBXUqu2n3fokbjBu98OyOAcMSmDybPfsS5wjUQS7n8U9O_MOZ86ijJE3Fpr96Cd19E7OucdEP8ZrvXLTA3Kn8mpe.JIauWf6GZ3ZvCw2YuVNEnZHTxRZk0OrZjM.HcRJHJ4c_P2.Hxg7irHHjvb4ALGwnbVrly03r.3FubB9X.22U1kdmmepnid78UKivldX0RHH1XvlVDXcddhWwN.nIUWMwjxxf4hc7dPWv3nWahzqXnxwwQuKLtinJag7bbG1UuHmp6L_gRniG.4unSnAhNmXrub5tHEDnZ.RHu2hwLad7MPBYV18i_1h0sRbOXinJAzkT2jFbarETXf0MTWYxFdfjU0XYQkKXdziVkZs1_rEQJJWKO7VuieQ1xHBjW44XF_yzQDGDu0WIab155OUOZiyWv.V_GUq.9I.9g5Af0yK7aPigYj0Zd9Q1.1F4Vm.Gv5UA5u7VinR4r.qlWyjb8V_YDP9TzM.witUY3tLvn8WJUzsxZV6.c7.wqnnzFhDYQbzt6bwIyDO3ltsQHSkdkuluOVf9MpyUEeYABEAV09f34zSj._dzTt9.Lp9Zc0jfmVz7jqJ72NaFN58PR5mTcN3_pgoxn9W9ORRLFMnfVuw.awTS944FjvrHgLcPDxuINiYrKUrRF7JfaBprvzlnR407lwc6DzhOFRuj8agfFIeWCgzJVR0qWS3H_Y1YYheyVfB8yhIA4Iu7BpRZyELE8zJ0Oc.cZ91goHJog7eoUYyi4lAMFnryumGspkx0Cx_HXtxDEWASTZic.hMo4qbH75yMt6SQTvm7I5grfKnL_b5Sdzr6t.rbk31Do82VO74xk7RYSQQ9su3t7RQqj_Yk3hKQezwLHzF8f1DATfrMWMBEbuVxrQPDuMN2pwx2yzCQebCaCNI9jyfL_zCTEzRM3voVADA2dlNAQHNg62WqgPT88Re0Ih6k1lz.yNEMMxHn1f10F7vn28zrdwYPMK8XE4C5GRTI4ZoHN3OpqmeA45bKSwqF8BDFBOWjcCxlqjlDhYzmwo3UN5g5yQnRYXqYvb3OaCjThqeZC7WwwYsfdx.5tOnmChPzYvQVpKshbUgE1c58HhaywnWPqM2AaJ2w18L_Agctzye2pwyIkmbYDtj1hSU_8jbU0RDaO.7u4Ze.AKA6B1q1DMhtRtJGq91YKaAMD4AC7Yw6NSa53HUOFdmciSPMJz2ciUl189H_kPBs1fTRAs.yF_RLdtlifrULD4Dj98F.sE53uiepKCOP.4qTfPSzBPTEsdJsWfPXe0zESSnpuqUCTM496KA0hnESxerqd_bHTwIvzpGpeJij.wP2zLRX3ALbSnHSvywLx00bxCLFItv6MUCgPzgDTk__PvEV3T_w4TC59PwWCdB32Uvs4M3RsIgkl2JaJ0EJOvjBoIQPE7tPfDZKWiIwbfZsf5OQE8BtbSo8eaykRe3eDf9S5SX5JaRGrK3b9eqWXBPKBPHhL0OcntpqgHaP_CLANgk2AvLw0.xI7.Kfg6hVIMjeZaIspbAy_gWslkMFC9BWn8OGLZOPrJv4xb3GXt1GhpivKvRlgOs0lmEh3H2kDkIlnULPBxpbbB1xZTtQ66ko1dW49HSwNt2ViQyFimey34afZ1V44ELdtCc8FWx0K50DZl9_f7bNa0qdLZbT_x9vi2aBxs1vhwXdGpTXFLcxbNrD8rfw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91354b2e3cf5fe0b';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Marwa%20E.%20Shabana&__cf_chl_rt_tk=GAwqeFOymSvKAlZrIYHtBZGpyDgXWANfZf.oq0Uo1T8-1739790235-1.0.1.1-fV.xyCkUieapEfmazR54IJvKeMmUobCyXyg5AzKPhxQ" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>