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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Theories_of_origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theories_of_origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Theories of origin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theories_of_origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>East Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southeast_Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southeast_Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Southeast Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southeast_Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elsewhere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elsewhere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Elsewhere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elsewhere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Production-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Production subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Salt_coagulants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salt_coagulants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Salt coagulants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salt_coagulants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acid_coagulants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acid_coagulants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Acid coagulants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acid_coagulants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enzyme_coagulants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enzyme_coagulants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Enzyme coagulants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enzyme_coagulants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Color" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Color"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Color</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Color-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flavor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flavor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Flavor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flavor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Varieties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Varieties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Varieties</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Varieties-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Varieties subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Varieties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Unpressed_fresh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unpressed_fresh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Unpressed fresh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unpressed_fresh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Extra_soft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extra_soft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Extra soft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extra_soft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.2</span> <span>Soft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pressed_fresh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pressed_fresh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Pressed fresh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pressed_fresh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Firm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Firm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Firm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Firm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extra-firm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extra-firm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Extra-firm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extra-firm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Processed_tofu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Processed_tofu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Processed tofu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Processed_tofu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fermented" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fermented"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.1</span> <span>Fermented</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fermented-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frozen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frozen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3.2</span> <span>Frozen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frozen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By-products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By-products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>By-products</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By-products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tofu_skin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tofu_skin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.1</span> <span>Tofu skin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tofu_skin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soy_pulp" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soy_pulp"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4.2</span> <span>Soy pulp</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soy_pulp-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tofu-like_foods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tofu-like_foods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Tofu-like foods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tofu-like_foods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Almond_tofu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Almond_tofu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.1</span> <span>Almond tofu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Almond_tofu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chickpea_tofu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chickpea_tofu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.2</span> <span>Chickpea tofu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chickpea_tofu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Egg_tofu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egg_tofu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.3</span> <span>Egg tofu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egg_tofu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peanut_tofu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peanut_tofu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.4</span> <span>Peanut tofu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peanut_tofu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sesame_tofu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sesame_tofu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5.5</span> <span>Sesame tofu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sesame_tofu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Preparation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Preparation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Preparation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Preparation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Preparation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Preparation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-East_Asia_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East_Asia_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>East Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East_Asia_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-China_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span>Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southeast_Asia_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southeast_Asia_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Southeast Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southeast_Asia_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Indonesia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.2</span> <span>Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vietnam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vietnam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.3</span> <span>Vietnam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vietnam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Myanmar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Myanmar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.4</span> <span>Myanmar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Myanmar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elsewhere_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elsewhere_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Elsewhere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elsewhere_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nutrition_and_health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutrition_and_health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Nutrition and health</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Nutrition_and_health-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Nutrition and health subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Nutrition_and_health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Protein" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protein"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Protein</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protein-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chemistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Chemistry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proteins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proteins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Proteins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proteins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tofu</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 83 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-83" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">83 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%88" title="توفو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توفو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tofu" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tofu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tofu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%81" title="তৌফু – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তৌফু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahu" title="Tahu – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Tahu" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%83" title="Тофу – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тофу" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%83" title="Тофу – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тофу" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokwa" title="Tokwa – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tokwa" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%83" title="Тофу – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тофу" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Tofu" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tofu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%83" title="Тофу – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тофу" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokwa_(pagkaon)" title="Tokwa (pagkaon) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tokwa (pagkaon)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tofu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tofu" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tofu" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tofu" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CF%8C%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Τόφου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τόφου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tofu" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofuo" title="Tofuo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tofuo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tofu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%88" title="توفو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="توفو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tofu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Tofu" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tofu" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theu-f%C3%BA" title="Theu-fú – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Theu-fú" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%91%90%EB%B6%80" title="두부 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="두부" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awara" title="Awara – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Awara" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%B8%D6%86%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Տոֆու – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տոֆու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%82" title="टोफ़ू – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="टोफ़ू" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tofu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahu" title="Tahu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tahu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3f%C3%BA" title="Tófú – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tófú" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tofu" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95" title="טופו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="טופו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahu" title="Tahu – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tahu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%AB%E0%B2%BC%E0%B3%81" title="ಟೋಫ಼ು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಟೋಫ಼ು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A3" title="ტოფუ – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტოფუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%B9%D9%88%D9%81%D9%88%D9%97" title="ٹوفوٗ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ٹوفوٗ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%83" title="Тофу – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тофу" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Tofu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caseus_soiae" title="Caseus soiae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Caseus soiae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tofu" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Tofu" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soj%C5%B3_var%C5%A1k%C4%97" title="Sojų varškė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sojų varškė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tofu" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahu" title="Tahu – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Tahu" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%83" title="Тофу – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тофу" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tauhu" title="Tauhu – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tauhu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A2u-h%C3%B4" title="Dâu-hô – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dâu-hô" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%B2%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ပဲပြား – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပဲပြား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofoe" title="Tofoe – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tofoe" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%81" title="तोफु – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="तोफु" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90" title="豆腐 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="豆腐" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tofu" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tofu" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tofu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tofu" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tofu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%83" title="Тофу – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тофу" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tofu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tofu" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Tofu" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sojin_sir" title="Sojin sir – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Sojin sir" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%83" title="Тофу – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тофу" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tofu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahu" title="Tahu – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tahu" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tofu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tofu" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokwa" title="Tokwa – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tokwa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%82" title="டோஃபூ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டோஃபூ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89" title="เต้าหู้ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เต้าหู้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tofu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%83" title="Тофу – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тофу" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%87%D8%B1%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A6%DB%87%D9%8A%DB%87%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%89%D8%B3%D9%89" title="پۇرچاق ئۇيۇتمىسى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پۇرچاق ئۇيۇتمىسى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daeuhfouh" title="Daeuhfouh – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Daeuhfouh" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%ADu_ph%E1%BB%A5" title="Đậu phụ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đậu phụ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8F%BD%E4%B9%B3" title="菽乳 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="菽乳" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90" title="豆腐 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="豆腐" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90" title="豆腐 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="豆腐" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90" title="豆腐 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="豆腐" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Soy-based food used as a protein source</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Dubu" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Tofu_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Tofu (disambiguation)">Tofu (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dubu_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Dubu (disambiguation)">Dubu (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span>Tofu</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Japanese_SilkyTofu_(Kinugoshi_Tofu).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Japanese_SilkyTofu_%28Kinugoshi_Tofu%29.JPG/220px-Japanese_SilkyTofu_%28Kinugoshi_Tofu%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Japanese_SilkyTofu_%28Kinugoshi_Tofu%29.JPG/330px-Japanese_SilkyTofu_%28Kinugoshi_Tofu%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Japanese_SilkyTofu_%28Kinugoshi_Tofu%29.JPG/440px-Japanese_SilkyTofu_%28Kinugoshi_Tofu%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3316" data-file-height="2832" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">A block of <a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Japanese</a> raw silken tofu</div></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Alternative names</th><td class="infobox-data">Bean curd</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data country-name"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Associated <a href="/wiki/List_of_cuisines" title="List of cuisines">cuisine</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cuisine">East Asian cuisine</a> & <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast Asian cuisine">Southeast Asian cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_cuisine" title="Okinawan cuisine">Okinawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_cuisine" title="Korean cuisine">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_cuisine" title="Filipino cuisine">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_cuisine" title="Malaysian cuisine">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singaporean_cuisine" title="Singaporean cuisine">Singaporean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_cuisine" title="Thai cuisine">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Vietnamese</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient"><a href="/wiki/Soy_milk" title="Soy milk">Soy milk</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Tofu" class="extiw" title="b:Cookbook:Tofu">Cookbook: Tofu</a></li><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tofu" class="extiw" title="commons:Tofu">Media: Tofu</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tofu</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>: <span lang="ja">豆腐</span>, <a href="/wiki/Hepburn_romanization" title="Hepburn romanization">Hepburn</a>: <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Tōfu</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">두부</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean">RR</a>: <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">dubu</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">豆腐</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">dòufu</span></i>)</span> is a food prepared by <a href="/wiki/Coagulation_(milk)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coagulation (milk)">coagulating</a> <a href="/wiki/Soy_milk" title="Soy milk">soy milk</a> and then pressing the resulting <a href="/wiki/Curd" title="Curd">curds</a> into solid white blocks of varying softness: <i>silken</i>, <i>soft</i>, <i>firm</i>, <i>extra (or super) firm</i>. Tofu is also known as <b>bean curd</b> in English. Tofu originated in China and has been consumed in the country for over 2,000 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Soya_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soya-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tofu is a traditional component of many <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cuisine">East Asian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeast Asian cuisine">Southeast Asian</a> cuisines.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDu_Bois200813–14_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDu_Bois200813–14-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In modern Western cooking, it is often used as a <a href="/wiki/Meat_alternative" title="Meat alternative">meat substitute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nutritionally, tofu is low in <a href="/wiki/Calorie" title="Calorie">calories</a>, while containing a relatively large amount of <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>. It is high and reliable source of <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>, and can have a high <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a> or <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a> content depending on the <a href="/wiki/Flocculation" title="Flocculation">coagulants</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Calcium_chloride" title="Calcium chloride">calcium chloride</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calcium_sulphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcium sulphate">calcium sulphate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magnesium_sulphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnesium sulphate">magnesium sulphate</a>) used in manufacturing. </p><p>Cultivation of tofu, as a protein-rich food source, has one of the lowest needs for land use (1.3 m²/ 1000 kcal)<sup id="cite_ref-x582_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-x582-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and emits some of the lowest amount of greenhouse gas emissions (1.6 kg <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style><span class="chemf nowrap">CO<sub class="template-chem2-sub">2</sub></span>/ 100 g protein).<sup id="cite_ref-c688_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c688-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-s192_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-s192-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The English word "tofu" comes from <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> <i>tōfu</i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">豆腐</span></span>). The Japanese <i>tofu</i>, in turn, is a <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">borrowing</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">豆腐</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Mandarin</a>: <i>dòufǔ; tou4-fu</i>) 'bean curd, bean ferment'.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-dictionary_tofu_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dictionary_tofu-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2015445_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2015445-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest documentation of the word in English is in the 1704 translation of <a href="/wiki/Domingo_Fern%C3%A1ndez_Navarrete" title="Domingo Fernández Navarrete">Domingo Fernández Navarrete</a>'s <i>A Collection of Voyages and Travels</i>, that describes how tofu was made.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word <i>towfu</i> also appears in a 1770 letter from the English merchant <a href="/wiki/James_Flint_(merchant)" title="James Flint (merchant)">James Flint</a> to <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shurt-2013_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shurt-2013-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 73">: 73 </span></sup> The term "bean curd(s)" for tofu has been used in the United States since at least 1840.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tofu making was first recorded during the Chinese <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> about 2000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-Soya_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soya-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chinese legend ascribes its invention to Prince <a href="/wiki/Liu_An" title="Liu An">Liu An</a> (179–122<span class="nowrap"> </span>BC) of <a href="/wiki/Anhui" title="Anhui">Anhui</a> province. Tofu and its production technique were introduced to <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a><sup id="cite_ref-Shimbo_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shimbo-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dougill_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dougill-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi199893_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi199893-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> during the <a href="/wiki/Nara_period" title="Nara period">Nara period</a> (710–794).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Some scholars believe tofu arrived in <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> during the 10th and 11th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-Shurt-2013_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shurt-2013-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 305">: 305 </span></sup> It spread to other parts of <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> as well.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiu2012[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidSynoBwAAQBAJpgPA137_137]_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiu2012[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidSynoBwAAQBAJpgPA137_137]-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This probably coincided with the spread of <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> as it is an important source of <a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">protein</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cuisine" title="Buddhist cuisine">vegetarian diet of East Asian Buddhism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shimbo_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shimbo-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Li_Shizhen" title="Li Shizhen">Li Shizhen</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a>, described a method of making tofu in the <i><a href="/wiki/Compendium_of_Materia_Medica" class="mw-redirect" title="Compendium of Materia Medica">Compendium of Materia Medica</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedhamVol_6_Part_5_Chapter_40,_section_d.2_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedhamVol_6_Part_5_Chapter_40,_section_d.2-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then, tofu has become a <a href="/wiki/Staple_food" title="Staple food">staple</a> in many countries, including <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>, with regional variations in production methods, texture, flavor, and usage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theories_of_origin">Theories of origin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Theories of origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most commonly held of the three theories of tofu's origin maintains that tofu was discovered by <a href="/wiki/Liu_An" title="Liu An">Liu An</a> (179–122 BC), a <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> prince. While plausible, the paucity of reliable sources for this period makes this difficult to conclusively determine. In <a href="/wiki/Chinese_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese history">Chinese history</a>, important inventions were frequently attributed to important leaders and figures of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2004d_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2004d-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1960, a stone mural unearthed from an Eastern Han dynasty tomb provided support for the theory of the Han origin of tofu; however some scholars maintain that tofu during the Han dynasty was rudimentary and lacked the firmness and taste for it to be considered as tofu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedhamVol_6_Part_5_Chapter_40,_pp._306–307_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedhamVol_6_Part_5_Chapter_40,_pp._306–307-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another theory suggests that the production method for tofu was discovered accidentally when a slurry of boiled, ground soybeans was mixed with impure <a href="/wiki/Sea_salt" title="Sea salt">sea salt</a>. Such sea salt would probably have contained calcium and magnesium salts, allowing the soy mixture to curdle and produce a tofu-like gel. </p><p>The last group of theories maintains that the ancient Chinese learned the method for curdling soy milk by emulating the milk curdling techniques of the <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongolians</a>. The primary evidence for this theory is the etymological similarity between the Chinese term <i>rǔfǔ</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">乳腐</span></span>), which literally means "milk curdled", used during <a href="/wiki/Sui_dynasty" title="Sui dynasty">Sui dynasty</a> (AD 581–618), for dishes with a consistency like yogurt or soft cheese, later influenced by Mongolian milk products and methods of production, and the term <i>dòufu</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">豆腐</span></span>, "beans curdled" ) or tofu. Although intriguing and possible, there is no evidence to substantiate this theory beyond academic speculation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2004d_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2004d-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_Asia">East Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: East Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="China">China</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_inventions" title="List of Chinese inventions">List of Chinese inventions</a></div> <p>A form of tofu may have been discovered during the <a href="/wiki/Han_dynasty" title="Han dynasty">Han dynasty</a> (202 BC – AD 220), but it did not become a popular food in China until the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> (960–1279).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2015445_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2015445-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In China, tofu is traditionally used as a food offering when visiting the graves of deceased relatives. It is claimed that the spirits (or ghosts) have long lost their chins and jaws so that only tofu is soft enough for them to eat. Before <a href="/wiki/Refrigeration" title="Refrigeration">refrigeration</a> was available in China, tofu was often only sold during winter since tofu did not spoil as easily in cold weather. During the warmer months, tofu, once made, spoils if stored for more than a day. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Japan">Japan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TofuSeller1500.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/TofuSeller1500.jpg/300px-TofuSeller1500.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/TofuSeller1500.jpg/450px-TofuSeller1500.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/TofuSeller1500.jpg/600px-TofuSeller1500.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1045" data-file-height="655" /></a><figcaption>Illustration of a tofu seller (right) and a <i><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dmen" title="Sōmen">sōmen</a></i> seller (left) by <a href="/wiki/Tosa_Mitsunobu" title="Tosa Mitsunobu">Tosa Mitsunobu</a>, from the <i>Songs of the Seventy-one Craftsmen</i> (七十一番職人歌合 <i>Shichijūichi-ban Shokunin <a href="/wiki/Uta-awase" title="Uta-awase">Uta-awase</a></i>), a poetry anthology written around 1500</figcaption></figure> <p>Tofu was introduced to <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> by Zen Buddhist monks, who initially called it "Chinese curd"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">唐腐</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">tōfu</i></span>)</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2015445_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2015445-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A firm variation of tofu was introduced in <a href="/wiki/Tosa_Province" title="Tosa Province">Tosa Province</a>, today's <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dchi_Prefecture" title="Kōchi Prefecture">Kochi Prefecture</a>, by a Korean doctor and prisoner of war following the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasions_of_Korea_(1592%E2%80%931598)" title="Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)">Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-日本豆腐協会│豆腐の歴史_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-日本豆腐協会│豆腐の歴史-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of tofu's early use in East Asia was as a vegetarian substitute for meat and fish by Buddhist monks, especially those following Zen Buddhism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2015445_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2015445-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-日本豆腐協会│豆腐の歴史_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-日本豆腐協会│豆腐の歴史-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest Japanese document concerning tofu refers to the dish being served as an offering at the <a href="/wiki/Kasuga_Shrine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasuga Shrine">Kasuga Shrine</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nara,_Nara" class="mw-redirect" title="Nara, Nara">Nara</a> in 1183.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book <i><a href="/wiki/Tofu_Hyakuchin" title="Tofu Hyakuchin">Tofu Hyakuchin</a></i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">豆腐百珍</span></span>), published in 1782 of the <a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a>, lists 100 recipes for cooking tofu.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southeast_Asia">Southeast Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Southeast Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Southeast Asia, tofu was introduced to the region by Chinese immigrants from <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian province</a>, as evidenced by many countries in Southeast Asia referring to tofu using the <a href="/wiki/Min_Nan" class="mw-redirect" title="Min Nan">Min Nan</a> Chinese word for either soft or firm tofu, or "tāu-hū" or "tāu-goa<sup>n</sup>" respectively. In <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philippine" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine">Philippines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, tofu is widely available and used in many local dishes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Tofu is called <i>tahu</i> in Indonesia, and <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian dishes</a> such as tahu sumbat, taugeh tahu, <a href="/wiki/Asinan" title="Asinan">asinan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Siomay" title="Siomay">siomay</a> and some curries, often add slices of tofu. <i><a href="/wiki/Tahu_goreng" title="Tahu goreng">Tahu goreng</a></i>, <i>tahu isi</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Tahu_sumedang" title="Tahu sumedang">tahu sumedang</a></i> are popular fried tofu snacks.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Tofu is called <i>tauhu</i> in Malaysia and Singapore. Malaysian and Singaporean Indians use tofu in their cuisine, such as in Indian <i><a href="/wiki/Mee_goreng" title="Mee goreng">mee goreng</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Rojak" title="Rojak">rojak</a></i> pasembor. <a href="/wiki/Peranakan" class="mw-redirect" title="Peranakan">Peranakan</a> cuisine often uses tofu, as in Penang curry noodles and <i><a href="/wiki/Laksa" title="Laksa">laksa</a></i>. Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines are major producers of tofu and have plants in many municipalities. </p><p>Tofu in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> is widely eaten as the breakfast snack <i><a href="/wiki/Taho" title="Taho">tahô</a></i> (soft tofu, from <a href="/wiki/Hokkien_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Hokkien in the Philippines">Philippine Hokkien</a> 豆腐 "tāu-hū"), or as <i>tokwa</i> (dry, firm tofu that is usually fried, from <a href="/wiki/Hokkien_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Hokkien in the Philippines">Philippine Hokkien</a> 豆干 "tāu-goa<sup>n</sup>"), which is a staple alternative to meat in main meals and in numerous regional dishes. Tofu was introduced to the archipelago in the 10th to 13th centuries by <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> Chinese mariners and merchants, along with many other foods that became staples of the Philippine diet. The use and production of tofu were first limited to urban centers with influential Chinese minorities, such as <a href="/wiki/Cebu_City" title="Cebu City">Cebu</a> or <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Tondo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Tondo">Tondo</a>, but quickly spread to even remote native villages and islands.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elsewhere">Elsewhere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Elsewhere"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a> was the first American to mention tofu, in a 1770 letter to <a href="/wiki/John_Bartram" title="John Bartram">John Bartram</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shurt-2013_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shurt-2013-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 73">: 73 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-franklin_to_bartram_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-franklin_to_bartram-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Franklin, who encountered it during a trip to London, included a few soybeans and referred to it as "cheese" from China.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1770, Franklin also corresponded with <a href="/wiki/James_Flint_(merchant)" title="James Flint (merchant)">James Flint</a> on the subject of how the Chinese converted callivances (soybeans) into tofu. Flint's writing "Towfu" in his letter is the earliest documented use of "tofu" in the English language.<sup id="cite_ref-Shurt-2013_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shurt-2013-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 73">: 73 </span></sup> The first tofu company in the United States was established in 1878.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1908, <a href="/wiki/Li_Shizeng" title="Li Shizeng">Li Yuying</a>, a Chinese anarchist and a vegetarian with a French degree in agriculture and biology, opened a soy factory, the Usine de la <a href="/wiki/Cas%C3%A9o-Soja%C3%AFne" title="Caséo-Sojaïne">Caséo-Sojaïne</a>. This was the world's first soy dairy and the first factory in France to manufacture and sell beancurd.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2013_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2013-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, tofu was not well known to most Westerners before the middle of the 20th century, when it was popularized in the United States by <a href="/wiki/William_Shurtleff" title="William Shurtleff">William Shurtleff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Akiko_Aoyagi" title="Akiko Aoyagi">Akiko Aoyagi</a> (<i>The Book of Tofu</i>, 1975).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Making tofu</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sun-dubu_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Sun-dubu_5.jpg/200px-Sun-dubu_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Sun-dubu_5.jpg/300px-Sun-dubu_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Sun-dubu_5.jpg/400px-Sun-dubu_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="514" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Coagulated soy curds</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Making_tofu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Making_tofu.jpg/200px-Making_tofu.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Making_tofu.jpg/300px-Making_tofu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Making_tofu.jpg/400px-Making_tofu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="943" data-file-height="470" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Curds in a tofu <a href="/wiki/Mold_(cooking_implement)" title="Mold (cooking implement)">mold</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>Regardless of the product or scale of the production, the production of tofu essentially consists of: </p> <ol><li>The preparation of soy milk</li> <li>The coagulation of the soy milk to form curds (<a href="/wiki/Douhua" title="Douhua">douhua</a>)</li> <li>The pressing of the soybean curds to form tofu cakes</li></ol> <p>It is similar to the production of dairy <a href="/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese">cheese</a> by coagulating the milk of dairy animals to form curds and pressing and aging the curds to form cheese. Typical tofu-making procedures are cleaning, soaking, grinding beans in water, filtering, boiling, coagulation, and pressing.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also types, such as Japanese raw silken tofu, in which the curds are not pressed.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coagulation" class="extiw" title="wikt:coagulation">Coagulation</a> of the protein and oil (<a href="/wiki/Emulsion" title="Emulsion">emulsion</a>) suspended in boiled soy milk is the most important step in the production of tofu. This process is accomplished with the aid of coagulants. Coagulation depends on complex interactions. There are many variables including the variety and percentage of protein in the soybeans used, slurry cooking temperature, coagulation temperature, and other factors.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Soybean proteins are mainly composed of 7S and 11S proteins. The negative surface charges on these <a href="/wiki/Globulin" title="Globulin">globulins</a> usually cause them to repel each other. Heating soy milk denatures the proteins and exposes hydrophobic groups normally oriented toward the inside of the globulin structure. Cations from coagulants bind the negatively charged groups.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the net charges of the protein molecules are neutralized, attractive <a href="/wiki/Hydrophobic_effect" title="Hydrophobic effect">hydrophobic interactions</a> dominate over repulsive electrostatic charges, and <a href="/wiki/Protein_aggregates" class="mw-redirect" title="Protein aggregates">protein aggregates</a> are formed.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two types of coagulants (salts and acids) are used commercially.<sup id="cite_ref-Zeki_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zeki-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Salt_coagulants">Salt coagulants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Salt coagulants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Tofu tools</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tofu_mould.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Tofu_mould.jpg/200px-Tofu_mould.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Tofu_mould.jpg/300px-Tofu_mould.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Tofu_mould.jpg/400px-Tofu_mould.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><i>Dubu-teul</i> ('tofu mold') from <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tofu_knife.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tofu_knife.jpg/200px-Tofu_knife.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tofu_knife.jpg/300px-Tofu_knife.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Tofu_knife.jpg/400px-Tofu_knife.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><i>Dubu-kal</i> ('tofu knife') from Korea</div></div></div></div></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Calcium_sulfate" title="Calcium sulfate">Calcium sulfate</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Gypsum" title="Gypsum">gypsum</a>) (Chinese: <span lang="zh">石膏</span>; pinyin: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">shígāo</span></i>) – the traditional and most widely used coagulant to produce Chinese-style tofu, it produces a tofu that is tender but slightly brittle in texture. The coagulant itself is tasteless. Also known as gypsum, calcium sulfate is quarried from geological deposits, and no chemical processing or refining is needed, making it the cheapest coagulant used in tofu production. When used in production, the coagulation reaction is slower due to its low solubility, forming a smooth, more gelatinous tofu with relatively high water content and soft texture.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Use of this coagulant also makes tofu that is rich in <a href="/wiki/Calcium#Nutrition" title="Calcium">calcium</a>. As such, many tofu manufacturers choose to use this coagulant to be able to market their tofu as a good source of dietary calcium.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><b>Chloride-type nigari salts</b> or <b>lushui</b> (Traditional: 鹵水, 滷水; Simplified: 卤水; Pinyin: lǔshuǐ) – <a href="/wiki/Magnesium_chloride" title="Magnesium chloride">Magnesium chloride</a> and <a href="/wiki/Calcium_chloride" title="Calcium chloride">calcium chloride</a>: Both of these salts are highly soluble in water and affect soy protein in the same way, whereas <a href="/wiki/Gypsum" title="Gypsum">gypsum</a> is only very slightly soluble in water and acts differently in soy protein precipitation, the basis of tofu formation. These are the coagulants used to make tofu with a smooth and tender texture. In Japan, a white powder called <i><a href="/wiki/Nigari" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigari">nigari</a></i>, which consists primarily of <a href="/wiki/Magnesium_chloride" title="Magnesium chloride">magnesium chloride</a>, is produced from <a href="/wiki/Sea_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea water">seawater</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Sodium_chloride" title="Sodium chloride">sodium chloride</a> is removed and the water evaporated. Depending on its production method, <i>nigari/Lushui</i> may also contain small quantities of <a href="/wiki/Magnesium_sulfate" title="Magnesium sulfate">magnesium sulfate</a> (Epsom salt), <a href="/wiki/Potassium_chloride" title="Potassium chloride">potassium chloride</a>, calcium chloride, and trace amounts of other naturally occurring salts. Although the term <i>nigari</i> is derived from <i>nigai</i>, the Japanese word for "bitter", neither <i>nigari</i> nor pure magnesium chloride imparts a perceivable taste to the finished tofu. Calcium chloride is not found in seawater in significant quantities and therefore is not regarded as <i>nigari</i>. It is used extensively in the United States due to its flavor and low cost.<sup id="cite_ref-Shurt-2013_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shurt-2013-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 73">: 73 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiu2012[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_February_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(February_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiu2012[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_February_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(February_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fresh clean seawater itself can also be used as a coagulant.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Acid_coagulants">Acid coagulants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Acid coagulants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Glucono_delta-lactone" class="mw-redirect" title="Glucono delta-lactone">Glucono delta-lactone</a></b> (GDL): A naturally occurring organic acid also used in <a href="/wiki/Cheesemaking" title="Cheesemaking">cheesemaking</a>, this coagulant produces a very fine textured tofu that is almost jelly-like. It is used especially for "silken" and softer tofus and confers a faint sour taste to the finished product.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuoOno2005_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuoOno2005-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GDL is derived from glucose and takes the form of a white powder at room temperature. Its molecular structure contains a six-membered <a href="/wiki/Heterocyclic_compound" title="Heterocyclic compound">heterocyclic</a> ring that is hydrolyzed upon contact with water, slowly converting GDL to gluconic acid.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When added to soy milk, it gradually lowers the pH and causes proteins to coagulate evenly throughout the mixture,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> forming a single, smooth gel that is free of air gaps and that resists breaking during transportation. Using GDL as a coagulant, silken tofu can be formed directly in its container, as it does not require pressing.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This acid coagulant is also commonly used together with calcium sulfate to give soft tofu a smooth, tender texture.</li> <li>Other edible acids: Though they can affect the taste of the tofu more, and vary in density and texture, acids such as <a href="/wiki/Acetic_acid" title="Acetic acid">acetic acid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vinegar" title="Vinegar">vinegar</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Citric_acid" title="Citric acid">citric acid</a> (such as lemon juice), can also be used to coagulate soy milk and produce tofu.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enzyme_coagulants">Enzyme coagulants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Enzyme coagulants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Among <a href="/wiki/Enzymes" class="mw-redirect" title="Enzymes">enzymes</a> that have been shown to produce tofu are <a href="/wiki/Papain" title="Papain">papain</a>, and alkaline and neutral <a href="/wiki/Protease" title="Protease">proteases</a> from microorganisms. Papain, moreover, has been studied as a gelling agent to produce "instant tofu" from soy protein isolate and soy glycinin (11S) protein.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Contemporary tofu manufacturers may choose to use one or more of these coagulants since each plays a role in producing the desired texture in the finished tofu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGuoOno2005_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGuoOno2005-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Different textures result from different pore sizes and other microscopic features in the tofu produced using each coagulant. The coagulant mixture is dissolved in water, and the solution is then stirred into boiled soy milk until the mixture curdles into a soft <a href="/wiki/Gel" title="Gel">gel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Zeki_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zeki-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Coagulants are typically added at concentrations between 1.5 and 5.0 g/kg. In all coagulants consisting of calcium or magnesium salts, the positive double-bonded ions of the calcium or magnesium are responsible for the coagulation of the soy proteins which become part of the tofu, thereby enhancing its nutritional value. Only 1 part per 1000 of the tofu eaten is coagulant; most of the coagulant reacts with soy protein and is broken down into ions. The non-reactive portion dissolves in the whey and is discarded.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2000_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2000-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The curds are processed differently depending on the form of tofu that is being manufactured. For soft silken tofu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%AB%A9" class="extiw" title="wikt:嫩">嫩</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B1%86" class="extiw" title="wikt:豆">豆</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%85%90" class="extiw" title="wikt:腐">腐</a></span></span>; <i>nèndòufu</i> in Chinese or <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">絹漉し豆腐</span></span> <i>kinugoshi-dōfu</i> in Japanese) or tofu pudding (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B1%86" class="extiw" title="wikt:豆">豆</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%8A%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:花">花</a></span></span>, <i>dòuhuā</i> OR 豆腐花, <i>dòufuhuā</i> in Chinese or <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">おぼろ豆腐</span></span> <i>Oboro-dōfu</i> in Japanese) the soy milk is curdled directly in the tofu's final packaging. For standard firm East Asian tofu, the soy curd is cut and strained of excess liquid using <a href="/wiki/Cheesecloth" title="Cheesecloth">cheesecloth</a> or <a href="/wiki/Muslin" title="Muslin">muslin</a> and then lightly pressed to produce a soft cake. Firmer tofus, such as East Asian dry tofu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B1%86" class="extiw" title="wikt:豆">豆</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%B9%B2" class="extiw" title="wikt:干">干</a></span></span>' in Chinese or <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">凍み豆腐</span></span> <i>Shimi-dōfu</i> in Japanese) or Western types of tofu, are further pressed to remove even more liquid. In Vietnam, the curd is strained and molded in a square mold, and the end product is called <i>đậu khuôn</i> (molded bean) or <i>đậu phụ</i> (one of the Vietnamese ways to pronounce the Chinese <i>dòufu</i>). The tofu curds are allowed to cool and become firm. The finished tofu can then be cut into pieces, flavored or further processed.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Although tartness is sometimes desired in dessert tofu, the acid used in flavoring is usually not the primary coagulant, since concentrations sufficiently high to induce coagulation negatively affect the flavor or texture of the resulting tofu. A sour taste in tofu and a slight cloudiness in its storing liquid is also usually an indication of bacterial growth and, hence, spoilage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Color">Color</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Color"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The whiteness of tofu is ultimately determined by the soybean variety, soybean protein composition, and degree of aggregation of the tofu gel network. The yellowish-beige color of soybeans is due to the color compounds including anthocyanin, isoflavones, and polyphenol compounds; therefore the soybean variety used will predicate the color of the final tofu product.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ways to reduce the yellow color include reducing isoflavone content by changing the pH of the soy milk solution used in the production of the tofu so that the relevant compounds precipitate out and are removed during the extraction of okara.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The opacity of tofu gel and the off-white color typical of standard uncooked firm tofu is due to the scattering of light by the colloidal particles of the tofu. The addition of higher levels of calcium salts or a high protein content will contribute to forming a denser and more aggregated gel network which disperses more light, resulting in tofu with a whiter appearance.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flavor">Flavor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Flavor"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Soy_odor" class="mw-redirect" title="Soy odor">Soy odor</a></div> <p>Tofu flavor is generally described as bland, which is the taste desired by customers in North America. A more beany flavor is preferred in East Asia. The beany or bland taste is generated during the grinding and cooking process, and either a "hot grind" or a "cold grind" can be used to influence the taste. The hot grind method reduces the beany flavor by inactivating the <a href="/wiki/Lipoxygenase" title="Lipoxygenase">lipoxygenase</a> enzyme in the soy protein that is known to generate off flavors. Eliminating these flavors makes tofu that is "bland". If a cold grind is used lipoxygenase remains and produces the aldehyde, alcohol, and ester volatile compounds that create beany notes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2000_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2000-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Varieties">Varieties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Varieties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A wide variety of types and flavors of tofu is available in both Western and Eastern markets. Despite the range of options, tofu products can be split into two main categories: 'fresh tofu', which is produced directly from soy milk, and 'processed tofu', which is produced from fresh tofu. Tofu production also creates important by-products that are used in various cuisines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unpressed_fresh">Unpressed fresh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Unpressed fresh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unpressed fresh tofu is gelled soy milk with curd that has not been cut and pressed of its liquid. Depending on whether the soy milk is gelled with <a href="/wiki/Bittern_(salt)" title="Bittern (salt)">bittern</a> (<a href="/wiki/Magnesium_chloride" title="Magnesium chloride">magnesium chloride</a>) solution or a suspension of gypsum (<a href="/wiki/Calcium_sulphate" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcium sulphate">calcium sulphate</a>), different types of unpressed tofu are produced. Gypsum-gelled soft tofu has a smooth and gel-like texture and is commonly known as soft tofu, silken-tofu, or <a href="/wiki/Douhua" title="Douhua">douhua</a> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">豆花</span></span>). The bittern-gelled variety has a very soft spongy curdled texture and is known as extra-soft or <i>sun-dubu</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">순두부</span></span>). </p><p>Unpressed tofu is so soft that it is directly ladled out for serving or sold with its gelling container. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Extra_soft">Extra soft</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Extra soft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sun-dubu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Sun-dubu.jpg/220px-Sun-dubu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Sun-dubu.jpg/330px-Sun-dubu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Sun-dubu.jpg/440px-Sun-dubu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="933" /></a><figcaption><i>Sun-dubu</i> (extra soft tofu)</figcaption></figure> <p>Unpressed <a href="/wiki/Bittern_(salt)" title="Bittern (salt)">bittern</a>-gelled soft tofu is called <i>sun-dubu</i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">순두부</span></span>; "mild tofu") in <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>. Soy milk is mixed with <a href="/wiki/Seawater" title="Seawater">seawater</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Saline_water" title="Saline water">saline water</a> made with <a href="/wiki/Korean_sea_salt" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean sea salt">sea salt</a>, so that it curdles.<sup id="cite_ref-silkentofu_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-silkentofu-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kangnung_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kangnung-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The curds remain loose and soft. Freshly made <i>sun-dubu</i> is eaten boiled with little or no seasoning. Manufactured <i>sundubu</i> is usually sold in tubes. It is also the main ingredient in <i><a href="/wiki/Sundubu-jjigae" title="Sundubu-jjigae">sundubu-jjigae</a></i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">순두부찌개</span></span>; "soft tofu stew"). </p><p>Although the word <i>sun</i> in <i>sun-dubu</i> does not have a <a href="/wiki/Sino-Korean_vocabulary" title="Sino-Korean vocabulary">Sino-Korean origin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>sun-dubu</i> is often translated into Chinese and Japanese using the Chinese character <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%B4%94" class="extiw" title="wikt:純">純</a>, whose Korean pronunciation is <i>sun</i> and the meaning is "pure". Thus in China, <i>sun-dubu</i> is called <i>chún dòufu</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">純豆腐</span></span>; "pure tofu"), and in Japan, it is called <i>jun-tōfu</i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">純豆腐</span></span>) or <i>sundubu</i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">スンドゥブ</span></span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Soft">Soft</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Soft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soft_tofu_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Soft_tofu_2.jpg/220px-Soft_tofu_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Soft_tofu_2.jpg/330px-Soft_tofu_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Soft_tofu_2.jpg/440px-Soft_tofu_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Soft tofu</figcaption></figure> <p>Soft tofu, also known as "silken tofu", is called <i>nèndòufu</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">嫩豆腐</span></span>; "soft tofu") or <i>huádòufu</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">滑豆腐</span></span>, "smooth tofu") in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>; <i>kinugoshi-dōfu</i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">絹漉し豆腐</span></span>; "silk-filtered tofu") in <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>; and <i>yeon-dubu</i> (<a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang">연두부</span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>: <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">軟豆腐</span></span>; "soft tofu") in <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>. Gelled with gypsum, this tofu is undrained, and unpressed, and contains a high moisture content.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2000_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2000-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Silken tofu is produced by coagulating <a href="/wiki/Soy_milk" title="Soy milk">soy milk</a> without cutting the curd.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Silken tofu is available in several consistencies, including soft and firm, but all silken tofu is more delicate than regular <a href="#Firm">firm tofu</a> (pressed tofu) and it has different culinary uses.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Silken tofu can be used as a substitute for dairy products and eggs, especially for <a href="/wiki/Smoothies" class="mw-redirect" title="Smoothies">smoothies</a> and baked desserts.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Douhua" title="Douhua">Douhua</a></i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">豆花</span></span>, also known as <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">豆腐花</span></span>, <i>dòufuhuā</i> in Chinese), or <i>tofu brain</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">豆腐腦</span></span> or <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">豆腐脑</span></span>, <i>dòufunǎo</i> in Chinese) or <i>dau fa</i> (Cantonese) and <i>tau hua</i> (Fujianese) (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">豆花</span></span>; "bean flower") is similar to silken tofu, but is typically served a few hours after it is prepared. It is most often eaten as a hot dessert, but sometimes salty pickles or hot sauce are added. This is a type of soft tofu with very high moisture content. Because using <a href="/wiki/Chopsticks" title="Chopsticks">chopsticks</a> make <i>douhua</i> difficult to pick up, it is generally eaten with a spoon. With the addition of flavorings such as finely chopped <a href="/wiki/Spring_onions" class="mw-redirect" title="Spring onions">spring onions</a>, dried <a href="/wiki/Shrimp" title="Shrimp">shrimp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">soy sauce</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Chilli_sauce" class="mw-redirect" title="Chilli sauce">chilli sauce</a>, <i>douhua</i> is a popular breakfast dish across China. In Malaysia, <i>douhua</i> is usually served warm with white or dark palm sugar syrup, or served cold with <a href="/wiki/Longan" title="Longan">longans</a>. It is frequently served at breakfast or for dessert. It is usually served either with a sweet ginger syrup, or a mushroom gravy called <i>da lu</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">打卤</span></span>). It's normally coagulated at the restaurant into a serving container. Douhua is not always considered a type of tofu, but rather a type of food in its own right. </p><p>Some variation exists among soft tofus. Black douhua (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">黑豆花</span></span>, hēidòuhuā) is a type of silken tofu made from black soybeans, which is usually made into <i>dòuhuā</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B1%86" class="extiw" title="wikt:豆">豆</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%8A%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:花">花</a></span></span>) rather than firm or dry tofu. The texture of black bean tofu is slightly more gelatinous than regular <i>douhua</i> and the color is greyish in tone. This type of tofu is eaten for its earthy "black bean taste". <i>Edamame tofu</i> is a Japanese variety of <i>kinugoshi tōfu</i> made from <i>edamame</i> (fresh green soybeans); it is pale green in color and often studded with whole <i>edamame</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pressed_fresh">Pressed fresh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Pressed fresh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Depending on the amount of water that is extracted from the cut and pressed curds two types of tofu are produced: firm, and extra firm. Fresh tofu is usually sold completely immersed in water to maintain its moisture content and freshness, and to suppress bacterial growth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Firm">Firm</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Firm"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tofu_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Tofu_4.jpg/220px-Tofu_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Tofu_4.jpg/330px-Tofu_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Tofu_4.jpg/440px-Tofu_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3744" data-file-height="2346" /></a><figcaption>Firm tofu</figcaption></figure> <p>Firm tofu (called <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">老豆腐</span></span> <i>lǎodòufu</i> in Chinese; <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">木綿豆腐</span></span>, <i>momen-dōfu</i> in Japanese, "cotton tofu"; <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">모두부</span></span>, <i>mo-dubu</i> in Korean): Although drained and pressed, this form of fresh tofu retains a high moisture content. It has the firmness of raw meat and bounces back readily when pressed. The texture of the inside of the tofu is similar to that of a firm custard. The skin of this form of tofu retains the pattern of the muslin used to drain it, and the outside is slightly more resistant to damage than the inside. It can be picked up easily with chopsticks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2004d_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2004d-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2000_48-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2000-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A very firm type of <i>momen-dōfu</i> is eaten in parts of Japan, called <i>ishi-dōfu</i> (石豆腐, "stone tofu") in parts of <a href="/wiki/Ishikawa_Prefecture" title="Ishikawa Prefecture">Ishikawa</a>, or <i>iwa-dōfu</i> (岩豆腐, "rock tofu") in <a href="/wiki/Gokayama" title="Gokayama">Gokayama</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Toyama_Prefecture" title="Toyama Prefecture">Toyama Prefecture</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Iya_Valley" title="Iya Valley">Iya</a> in the prefecture of <a href="/wiki/Tokushima" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokushima">Tokushima</a>. These types of firm tofu are produced with seawater instead of <i><a href="/wiki/Nigari" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigari">nigari</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Magnesium_chloride" title="Magnesium chloride">magnesium chloride</a>), or using concentrated <a href="/wiki/Soy_milk" title="Soy milk">soy milk</a>. Some of them are squeezed using heavy weights to eliminate excess moisture. These products are produced in areas where traveling is inconvenient, such as remote islands, mountain villages, and heavy snowfall areas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Extra-firm">Extra-firm</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Extra-firm"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dougan" title="Dougan">Dougan</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DouFu_Gan.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/DouFu_Gan.JPG/220px-DouFu_Gan.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/DouFu_Gan.JPG/330px-DouFu_Gan.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/DouFu_Gan.JPG/440px-DouFu_Gan.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><i>Dòugān</i> (extra firm tofu)</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Dòugān</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">豆干</span></span>, literally "dry tofu" in Chinese) or <i>su ji</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">素鸡</span></span>, vegetarian chicken) is an extra firm variety of tofu where a large proportion of the liquid has been pressed out. <i>Dòugān</i> contains the least moisture of all fresh tofu, the firmness of fully cooked meat, and a somewhat rubbery feel similar to that of <a href="/wiki/Paneer" title="Paneer">paneer</a>. When sliced thinly this tofu can be crumbled easily. The skin of this form of tofu has the pattern of the muslin used to drain and press it. Western firm tofu is milled and reformed after pressing. </p><p>Su ji is a more common type of unflavored, extra-firm tofu. It cannot be crumbled and has a more rubbery texture. One variety of dried tofu is pressed especially flat and sliced into long strings with a cross-section smaller than 2 mm × 2 mm. Shredded dried tofu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">豆干絲</span></span>, <i>dòugānsī</i> in Chinese, or simply <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">干絲</span></span>, <i>gānsī</i>), which looks like loose cooked <a href="/wiki/Noodle" title="Noodle">noodles</a>, can be served cold, stir-fried, or added to soup, as with Japanese <i><a href="/wiki/Aburaage" class="mw-redirect" title="Aburaage">aburaage</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2004d_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2004d-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Processed_tofu">Processed tofu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Processed tofu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many forms of processed tofu exist. Some processing techniques probably <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> originate before the days of refrigeration from the need to preserve tofu or to increase its shelf life. Other production techniques are employed to create tofus with different textures and flavors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2004e_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2004e-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fermented">Fermented</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Fermented"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fermentedchilibeancurd.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Fermentedchilibeancurd.jpg/220px-Fermentedchilibeancurd.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Fermentedchilibeancurd.jpg/330px-Fermentedchilibeancurd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Fermentedchilibeancurd.jpg/440px-Fermentedchilibeancurd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2539" data-file-height="1379" /></a><figcaption>Pickled tofu</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Pickled_tofu" class="mw-redirect" title="Pickled tofu">Pickled tofu</a></b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B1%86" class="extiw" title="wikt:豆">豆</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%85%90" class="extiw" title="wikt:腐">腐</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B9%B3" class="extiw" title="wikt:乳">乳</a></span></span> in Chinese, <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i>dòufurǔ</i>, or <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%85%90" class="extiw" title="wikt:腐">腐</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B9%B3" class="extiw" title="wikt:乳">乳</a></span></span> fŭrŭ; <i>chao</i> in Vietnamese), also called "preserved tofu" or "fermented tofu", consists of cubes of dried tofu that have been allowed to fully air-dry under hay and slowly ferment with the help of aerial bacteria.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2004e_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2004e-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The dry fermented tofu is then soaked in salt water, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Rice_wine" title="Rice wine">rice wine</a>, vinegar or minced <a href="/wiki/Chile_pepper" class="mw-redirect" title="Chile pepper">chiles</a>, or in a mixture of whole rice, bean paste, and soybeans. In the case of red pickled tofu (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%B4%85" class="extiw" title="wikt:紅">紅</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B1%86" class="extiw" title="wikt:豆">豆</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%85%90" class="extiw" title="wikt:腐">腐</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B9%B3" class="extiw" title="wikt:乳">乳</a></span></span> in Chinese, Pinyin: <i>hóng dòufurǔ</i>), <a href="/wiki/Red_yeast_rice" title="Red yeast rice">red yeast rice</a> (cultivated with <i><a href="/wiki/Monascus_purpureus" title="Monascus purpureus">Monascus purpureus</a></i>) is added for color.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Japan, pickled tofu with miso paste is called <i>tofu no misodzuke</i>, and is a traditional preserved food in <a href="/wiki/Kumamoto" title="Kumamoto">Kumamoto</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Okinawa_Island" title="Okinawa Island">Okinawa</a>, pickled and fermented tofu is called <i>tofuyo</i> (豆腐餻). It is made from <i>Shima-doufu</i> (an Okinawan variety of large and firm tofu). It is fermented and matured with koji mold, red koji mold, and <a href="/wiki/Awamori" title="Awamori">awamori</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Stinky_tofu" title="Stinky tofu">Stinky tofu</a></b> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%87%AD" class="extiw" title="wikt:臭">臭</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B1%86" class="extiw" title="wikt:豆">豆</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%85%90" class="extiw" title="wikt:腐">腐</a></span></span> in Chinese, Pinyin: <i>chòudòufu</i>) is soft tofu that has been fermented in a vegetable and fish brine.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2004e_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2004e-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The blocks of tofu have a pungent cheese smell, sometimes resembling rotting food. Despite its strong odor, the flavor and texture of stinky tofu is appreciated by aficionados, who describe it as delightful. The texture of this tofu is similar to the soft East Asian tofu from which it is made. The rind that stinky tofu develops when fried is said to be best when especially crisp, and fried stinky tofu is usually served with <a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">soy sauce</a>, sweet sauce, or hot sauce.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Frozen">Frozen</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Frozen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dong_Dou_Fu_(tofu).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Dong_Dou_Fu_%28tofu%29.jpg/220px-Dong_Dou_Fu_%28tofu%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Dong_Dou_Fu_%28tofu%29.jpg/330px-Dong_Dou_Fu_%28tofu%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Dong_Dou_Fu_%28tofu%29.jpg/440px-Dong_Dou_Fu_%28tofu%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Thawed and sliced frozen tofu</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Koya-dofu_(2012.07.31).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Koya-dofu_%282012.07.31%29.jpg/220px-Koya-dofu_%282012.07.31%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Koya-dofu_%282012.07.31%29.jpg/330px-Koya-dofu_%282012.07.31%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Koya-dofu_%282012.07.31%29.jpg/440px-Koya-dofu_%282012.07.31%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Koya-dofu" title="Koya-dofu">Koya-dofu</a> after soaking in water</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>Thousand-layer tofu</b> (千葉豆腐, <i>qiānyè dòufu</i>, literally "thousand-layer tofu", or 凍豆腐 <i>dòngdòufu</i>, 冰豆腐 <i>bīngdòufu</i> in Chinese, both meaning "frozen tofu") is a frozen tofu. The ice crystals that develop within it result in the formation of large cavities that appear to be layered. Frozen tofu takes on a yellowish hue in the freezing process. Thousand-layer tofu originates from the <a href="/wiki/Jiangnan" title="Jiangnan">Jiangnan region</a> of China and is commonly made at home from soft tofu. It is also commercially sold as a specialty in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and other areas with Jiangnan emigrants. It is regularly paired with <i><a href="/wiki/Tatsoi" title="Tatsoi">tatsoi</a></i> as a winter dish. Frozen tofu is defrosted before serving and sometimes pressed to remove moisture prior to use.</li></ul> <p>During freezing, the ice crystals puncture cell walls and facilitate the release of free and bound water and cause a decrease in total water content in tofu after freezing then thawing. The initial protein-water bonds are irreversibly replaced by protein-protein bonds, which are more elastic and cause a structural change to the gel network and lead to an increase in textural properties such as hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and gumminess.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Japan, two kinds of freeze-dried tofu are produced. Those are usually rehydrated by being soaked in water prior to consumption. In their <a href="/wiki/Dehydrated_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Dehydrated food">dehydrated</a> state, they do not require refrigeration. </p> <ul><li><b>Kori tofu</b> (凍り豆腐, literally "frozen tofu") is <a href="/wiki/Freeze-drying#Food_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeze-drying">freeze-dried</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>Koya-dofu</b> (<b>kōya-dōfu</b>, 高野豆腐 in Japanese) is a freeze-dried tofu from <a href="/wiki/Mount_K%C5%8Dya" title="Mount Kōya">Mount Kōya</a>, a center of <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Buddhism" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Buddhism">Japanese Buddhism</a> famed for its <i><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cuisine" title="Buddhist cuisine">shōjin ryōri</a></i>, or traditional Buddhist vegetarian cuisine. It is said that the method of <b>Koya-dofu</b> was discovered by accident by leaving tofu outdoors in the winter season. It is sold in <a href="/wiki/Freeze_drying" title="Freeze drying">freeze-dried</a> blocks or cubes in Japanese markets. It is typically simmered in <i><a href="/wiki/Dashi" title="Dashi">dashi</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sake" title="Sake">sake</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Mirin" title="Mirin">mirin</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">soy sauce</a>. In <i>shōjin ryōri</i>, vegetarian <i>kombu dashi</i>, made from seaweed, is used. When prepared in the usual manner, it has a spongy texture and a mildly sweet or savory flavor. The taste and flavor depend on what soup or cooking stock it was simmered in. A similar form of freeze-dried tofu, in smaller pieces, is found in instant soups (such as <a href="/wiki/Miso_soup" title="Miso soup">miso soup</a>), in which the toppings are freeze-dried and stored in sealed pouches.</li> <li><b>Shimidofu</b> (凍み豆腐) is mainly consumed in the Tohoku region. While Koya-dofu is made by shade-drying, shimidofu is made by sun-drying.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By-products">By-products</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: By-products"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tofu_skin">Tofu skin</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Tofu skin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tofu_skin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Tofu_skin.jpg/220px-Tofu_skin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Tofu_skin.jpg/330px-Tofu_skin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Tofu_skin.jpg/440px-Tofu_skin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Tofu skin</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Tofu_skin" title="Tofu skin">Tofu skin</a> is produced when soy milk is boiled in an open, shallow pan, thus producing a film or skin composed primarily of a soy protein-lipid complex on the liquid surface.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The films are collected and dried into yellowish sheets known as "soy milk skin" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">腐皮</span></span>, <i>fǔpí</i> in Chinese; <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">湯葉</span></span>, <i>yuba</i> in Japanese). Its approximate composition is 50–55% protein, 24–26% lipids (fat), 12% carbohydrate, 3% ash, and 9% moisture.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The skin can also be dried into a product known as "tofu bamboo" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">腐竹</span></span>, <i>fǔzhú</i> in Chinese; <i>phù trúc</i> in Vietnamese; <i>kusatake</i>, Japanese), or into many other shapes. Since tofu skin has a soft yet rubbery texture, it can be folded or shaped into different forms and cooked further to imitate meat in vegan cuisine. Some factories dedicate their production to tofu skin and other soy membrane products. Tofu skin is commonly sold in the form of dried leaves or sheets. Other people would put the "tofu bamboo" into congee (a watery rice mixture that is eaten for breakfast) so that the congee becomes more silky and smooth, and gives a whole new texture. Also, soft, fragile skin would be on the congee once it cools down.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>Tofu skin is cooked with noodles.<sup id="cite_ref-Chichi's_Chinese:_Tofu_Skin_'https://www.seriouseats.com/chichis-chinese-tofu-skin-part-two'_and_Rolls_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chichi's_Chinese:_Tofu_Skin_'https://www.seriouseats.com/chichis-chinese-tofu-skin-part-two'_and_Rolls-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Soy_pulp">Soy pulp</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Soy pulp"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Okara_(food)" title="Okara (food)">Okara (food)</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Okara_(food)" title="Okara (food)">Okara</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">雪花菜(おから)</span></span> is known as <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">雪花菜</span></span> <i>xuěhuācài</i>, in <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>, lit. "snowflake vegetable"; <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">豆腐渣</span></span>, <i>dòufuzhā</i>, also <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>, lit. "tofu sediment/residue"; and <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">콩비지</span></span>, <i>kongbiji</i>, in <a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>). </p><p>Sometimes known in the west as "soy pulp" or "tofu lees",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi199822_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi199822-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>okara</i> is a tofu by-product consisting of the fiber, protein, and starch left over when soy milk has been extracted from ground soaked soybeans.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi199879_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi199879-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is often used as animal feed in most tofu-producing cultures, but also has other uses in Japanese and Korean cuisines, such as in the Korean stew <i>kongbiji <a href="/wiki/Jjigae" title="Jjigae">jjigae</a></i> (<span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">콩비지찌개</span></span>). It is also an ingredient for <a href="/wiki/Veggie_burger" title="Veggie burger">vegetarian burgers</a> in many Western nations. In <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, it is used to make <a href="/wiki/Ice_cream" title="Ice cream">ice cream</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tofu-like_foods">Tofu-like foods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Tofu-like foods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>tofu</i> is used by extension for similarly textured curdled dishes that do not use soy products, such as "almond tofu" (<a href="/wiki/Almond_jelly" class="mw-redirect" title="Almond jelly">almond jelly</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamago_d%C5%8Dfu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamago dōfu (page does not exist)"><i>tamago-dōfu</i></a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B5%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90" class="extiw" title="ja:卵豆腐">ja</a>]</span> (egg), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gomad%C5%8Dfu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gomadōfu (page does not exist)"><i>goma-dōfu</i></a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E9%BA%BB%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90" class="extiw" title="ja:胡麻豆腐">ja</a>]</span> (sesame), or peanut tofu (Chinese <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">落花生豆腐</span></span> <i>luòhuāshēng dòufu</i> and <a href="/wiki/Okinawan_language" title="Okinawan language">Okinawan</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C4%ABm%C4%81mi-d%C5%8Dfu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jīmāmi-dōfu (page does not exist)"><i>jīmāmi-dōfu</i></a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9F%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90" class="extiw" title="ja:ジーマーミ豆腐">ja</a>]</span>). </p><p>Due to their East Asian origins and their textures, many food items are called "tofu", even though their production processes are not technically similar. For instance, many sweet almond tofus are actually gelatinous desserts hardened using <a href="/wiki/Agar" title="Agar">agar</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gelatin" title="Gelatin">gelatin</a>. Some foods, such as Burmese tofu, are not coagulated from the "milk" of the legume but rather set in a manner similar to soft <a href="/wiki/Polenta" title="Polenta">polenta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muk_(food)" title="Muk (food)">Korean muk</a>, or the <a href="/wiki/Jidou_liangfen" class="mw-redirect" title="Jidou liangfen">jidou liangfen</a> of <a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a> province of <a href="/wiki/Southwest_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest China">southwest China</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Almond_tofu">Almond tofu</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Almond tofu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"<a href="/wiki/Annin_tofu" class="mw-redirect" title="Annin tofu">Almond tofu</a>" (Chinese: <span lang="zh">杏仁豆腐</span> <i>xìngrén dòufu</i>; Japanese: <i>annindōfu</i>) is a milky white and gelatinous substance resembling tofu, but it does not use soy products or soy milk and is hardened with <a href="/wiki/Agar" title="Agar">agar</a>. A similar dessert made with <a href="/wiki/Coconut_milk" title="Coconut milk">coconut milk</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">mango</a> juices may occasionally be referred to as "coconut tofu" or "mango tofu", although such names are also given to hot dishes that use soy tofu and coconut or mango in the recipe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chickpea_tofu">Chickpea tofu</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Chickpea tofu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Burmese_tofu" title="Burmese tofu">Burmese tofu</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Burmese_tofu" title="Burmese tofu">Burmese tofu</a> (<i>to hpu</i> in <a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a>) is a legume product made from <i><a href="/wiki/Gram_flour" title="Gram flour">besan</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Chickpea" title="Chickpea"><i>chana dal</i></a>) flour; the <a href="/wiki/Shan_people" title="Shan people">Shan</a> variety uses <a href="/wiki/Pigeon_pea" title="Pigeon pea">yellow split pea</a> flour instead. Both types are yellow in color and generally found only in <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, though the <a href="/wiki/Bamar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bamar">Burman</a> variety is also available in some overseas restaurants serving <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of Myanmar">Burmese cuisine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Burmese tofu may be fried as fritters cut into rectangular or triangular shapes. </p><p>A variety called <i>hsan to hpu</i> (or <i>hsan ta hpo</i> in Shan regions) is made from rice flour (called <i>hsan hmont</i> or <i>mont hmont</i>) and is white in color with the same consistency as yellow Burmese tofu when set. It is eaten as a salad in the same manner as yellow tofu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Egg_tofu">Egg tofu</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Egg tofu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Tamagod%C5%8Dfu" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamagodōfu">Egg tofu</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%89%E5%AD%90%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90" class="extiw" title="ja:玉子豆腐">ja</a>]</span> (Japanese: <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">玉子豆腐</span></span>, <span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">卵豆腐</span></span>, tamagodōfu) (Chinese: <span lang="zh">蛋豆腐</span>, dàndòufu; often called <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">日本豆腐</span></span>, Rìbĕn dòufu, lit. "Japan bean curd") is the main type of savory flavored tofu. Whole beaten eggs are combined with <a href="/wiki/Dashi" title="Dashi">dashi</a>, poured into molds, and cooked in a steamer (cf. <i><a href="/wiki/Chawanmushi" title="Chawanmushi">chawanmushi</a></i>). This tofu has a pale golden color that can be attributed to the addition of eggs and, occasionally, food coloring. This tofu has a fuller texture and flavor than silken tofu, due to the presence of egg fat and proteins. Plain "dried tofu" can be flavored by stewing in soy sauce (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">滷</span></span>) to make soy-sauce tofu. It is common to see tofu sold from hot food stalls in this soy-sauce stewed form. Today Egg "Japanese" tofu is made of eggs, water, vegetable protein, and seasoning.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Egg tofu was invented in Japan during the Edo period. The book《万宝料理秘密箱》written in 1785 recorded how to make Japanese tofu. Later the Japanese form of tofu entered Southeast Asia, being introduced to China in 1995 from Malaysia.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>100 grams of Egg tofu has 17 mg calcium, 24 mg magnesium, and 5 grams protein while 100 grams tofu has 138 mg calcium, 63 mg magnesium and 12.2 grams protein. Compared with tofu, Japanese tofu's nutritional value is lower.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="mistranslation or typo in quantity of protein; unit should be grams, not mg. (April 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Tofu dishes common in Japan include three delicacies (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">三鲜</span></span>) Japanese tofu; shrimp Japanese tofu; Japanese tofu in ketchup; <i>teppanyaki</i> Japanese tofu; and Japanese fish-flavored tofu.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Peanut_tofu">Peanut tofu</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Peanut tofu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Okinawa, Japan, <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C4%ABm%C4%81mi-d%C5%8Dfu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jīmāmi-dōfu (page does not exist)"><i>jīmāmi-dōfu</i></a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9F%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90" class="extiw" title="ja:ジーマーミ豆腐">ja</a>]</span> a peanut milk, made by crushing raw peanuts, adding water and straining, is combined with starch (usually <a href="/wiki/Sweet_potato" title="Sweet potato">sweet potato</a>, known locally as <i>umukuji</i> or <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn"><i>umukashi</i></i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">芋澱粉</span></span>)</span>) and heated until curdling occurs. </p><p>The Chinese equivalent is <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">落花生豆腐</span></span> <i>luòhuāshēng dòufu</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sesame_tofu">Sesame tofu</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Sesame tofu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tofu known as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gomad%C5%8Dfu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gomadōfu (page does not exist)"><i>goma-dōfu</i></a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E9%BA%BB%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90" class="extiw" title="ja:胡麻豆腐">ja</a>]</span> is made by grinding <a href="/wiki/Sesame" title="Sesame">sesame</a> into a smooth paste, combining it with liquid and <a href="/wiki/Kudzu" title="Kudzu">kudzu</a> starch, and heating it until curdling occurs. It is often served chilled as <i><a href="/wiki/Hiyayakko" title="Hiyayakko">hiyayakko</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparation">Preparation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Preparation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tofu has very little flavor or smell of its own. Consequently, tofu can be used in both savory and sweet dishes, acting as a bland background for presenting the flavors of the other ingredients used. In order to flavor the tofu it is often marinated in soy sauce, chillis, sesame oil, etc. </p><p>In East Asian cooking, tofu is prepared in many ways, including raw, stewed, stir-fried, in soup, cooked in sauce, or stuffed with fillings. The idea of using tofu as a meat substitute is not common in East Asia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_Asia_2">East Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: East Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="China_2">China</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many Chinese tofu dishes such as <i>jiācháng dòufu</i> (家常豆腐) and <i><a href="/wiki/Mapo_doufu" class="mw-redirect" title="Mapo doufu">mápó dòufu</a></i> (麻婆豆腐) may include meat. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Chinese_cuisine" title="Chinese cuisine">Chinese cuisine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Douhua" title="Douhua">Dòuhuā</a></i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B1%86" class="extiw" title="wikt:豆">豆</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%8A%B1" class="extiw" title="wikt:花">花</a></span></span>) is served with toppings such as boiled <a href="/wiki/Peanut" title="Peanut">peanuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Azuki_bean" class="mw-redirect" title="Azuki bean">azuki beans</a>, cooked <a href="/wiki/Oatmeal" title="Oatmeal">oatmeal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tapioca" title="Tapioca">tapioca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mung_bean" title="Mung bean">mung beans</a>, or a syrup flavored with <a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">ginger</a> or <a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">almond</a>. During the summer, "dòuhuā" is served with crushed ice; in the winter, it is served warm.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2005_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2005-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many parts of <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, fresh tofu is eaten with soy sauce or further flavored with <i><a href="/wiki/Katsuobushi" title="Katsuobushi">katsuobushi</a></i> shavings, <a href="/wiki/Century_egg" title="Century egg">century eggs</a> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%9A%AE" class="extiw" title="wikt:皮">皮</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%9B%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:蛋">蛋</a></span></span> pídàn), and <a href="/wiki/Sesame_seed" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesame seed">sesame seed</a> oil. </p><p>With the exception of the softest tofus, all forms of tofu can be fried. Thin and soft varieties of tofu are <a href="/wiki/Deep_frying" title="Deep frying">deep fried</a> in oil until they are light and airy in their core 豆泡 <i>dòupào</i>, 豆腐泡 <i>dòufupào</i>, 油豆腐 <i>yóudòufu</i>, or 豆卜 <i>dòubǔ</i> in Chinese, literally "bean bubble", describing the shape of the fried tofu as a bubble. </p><p>Depending on the type of tofu used, the texture of deep-fried tofu may range from crispy on the outside and custardy on the inside, to puff up like a <a href="/wiki/Youtiao" title="Youtiao">plain doughnut</a>. The former is usually eaten plain in Chinese cuisine with garlic soy sauce, while the latter is either stuffed with <a href="/wiki/Surimi" title="Surimi">fish paste</a> to make <i><a href="/wiki/Yong_Tau_Foo" class="mw-redirect" title="Yong Tau Foo">Yong Tau Foo</a></i> or cooked in soups.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2005_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2005-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, fried tofu is made into a dish called "<a href="/wiki/A-gei" class="mw-redirect" title="A-gei">A-gei</a>", which consists of a fried aburage tofu package stuffed with noodles and capped with <a href="/wiki/Surimi" title="Surimi">surimi</a>. </p><p>Tofus such as firm East Asian and <i>dòugān</i> (Chinese dry tofu), with their lower moisture content, are cut into bite-sized cubes or triangles and deep fried until they develop a golden-brown, crispy surface (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%82%B8" class="extiw" title="wikt:炸">炸</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90" class="extiw" title="wikt:豆腐">豆腐</a> in Chinese, <i>zhádòufu</i>, lit. "fried tofu"). These may be eaten on their own or with a light sauce, or further cooked in liquids; they are also added to hot pot dishes or included as part of the vegetarian dish called <i><a href="/wiki/Buddha%27s_delight" title="Buddha's delight">luohan zhai</a></i>. </p><p>A spicy <a href="/wiki/Szechuan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Szechuan cuisine">Sichuan</a> preparation using firm East Asian tofu is <i><a href="/wiki/Mapo_tofu" title="Mapo tofu">mápó dòufu</a></i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">麻婆豆腐</span></span>). It involves braised tofu in a <a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">beef</a>, chili, and fermented bean paste sauce. A vegetarian version is known as <i>málà dòufu</i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">麻辣豆腐</span></span>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Dried tofu is usually not eaten raw but first stewed in a mixture of soy sauce and spices.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Some types of dried tofu are pre-seasoned with special blends of spices, so that the tofu may either be called "five-spice tofu" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">五香豆腐</span></span> <i>wǔxiāng dòufu</i>) or "soy sauce stewed tofu" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">鹵水豆腐</span></span> <i>lǔshuǐ dòufu</i>). Dried tofu is typically served thinly sliced with chopped <a href="/wiki/Scallion" title="Scallion">green onions</a> or with slices of meat for added flavor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2005_78-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2005-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tofu bamboos are often used in <a href="/wiki/Lamb_(meat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamb (meat)">lamb</a> stew or in a <a href="/wiki/Dessert" title="Dessert">dessert</a> <a href="/wiki/Soup" title="Soup">soup</a>. Tofu skins are often used as wrappers in <a href="/wiki/Dim_sum" title="Dim sum">dim sum</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Freeze-dried tofu and frozen tofu are rehydrated and enjoyed in savory soups. These products are often taken along on camping trips since a small bag of them can provide protein for many days.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Pickled tofu is commonly used in small amounts together with its soaking liquid to flavor stir-fried or braised <a href="/wiki/Vegetable" title="Vegetable">vegetable</a> dishes (particularly <a href="/wiki/Leaf_vegetable" title="Leaf vegetable">leafy green vegetables</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Ipomoea_aquatica" title="Ipomoea aquatica">water spinach</a>). It is often eaten directly as a <a href="/wiki/Condiment" title="Condiment">condiment</a> with rice or <a href="/wiki/Rice_congee" class="mw-redirect" title="Rice congee">congee</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pidan_doufu_by_fortes_in_Beijing.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chinese soft tofu dish, pidan doufu"><img alt="Chinese soft tofu dish, pidan doufu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Pidan_doufu_by_fortes_in_Beijing.jpg/120px-Pidan_doufu_by_fortes_in_Beijing.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Pidan_doufu_by_fortes_in_Beijing.jpg/180px-Pidan_doufu_by_fortes_in_Beijing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Pidan_doufu_by_fortes_in_Beijing.jpg/240px-Pidan_doufu_by_fortes_in_Beijing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2846" data-file-height="1897" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chinese soft tofu dish, <i><a href="/wiki/Pidan_doufu" title="Pidan doufu">pidan doufu</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%E4%B8%9D2_(2).JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Prepared dried tofu threads (干絲, gānsī)"><img alt="Prepared dried tofu threads (干絲, gānsī)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%E4%B8%9D2_%282%29.JPG/120px-%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%E4%B8%9D2_%282%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%E4%B8%9D2_%282%29.JPG/180px-%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%E4%B8%9D2_%282%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%E4%B8%9D2_%282%29.JPG/240px-%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%E4%B8%9D2_%282%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2394" data-file-height="1855" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Prepared dried tofu threads (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">干絲</span></span>, <i>gānsī</i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doufuru.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Chòudòufu is a very pungent type of tofu."><img alt="Chòudòufu is a very pungent type of tofu." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Doufuru.JPG/120px-Doufuru.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Doufuru.JPG/180px-Doufuru.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Doufuru.JPG/240px-Doufuru.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6048" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chòudòufu is a very pungent type of tofu.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stinky_Tofu_Mala.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sichuan-style (málà chòudòufu) numbing spicy stinky tofu"><img alt="Sichuan-style (málà chòudòufu) numbing spicy stinky tofu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Stinky_Tofu_Mala.jpg/120px-Stinky_Tofu_Mala.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Stinky_Tofu_Mala.jpg/180px-Stinky_Tofu_Mala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Stinky_Tofu_Mala.jpg/240px-Stinky_Tofu_Mala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1399" data-file-height="939" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_mala" class="mw-redirect" title="Sichuan mala"><i>Sichuan-style</i></a> <i>(málà chòudòufu)</i> numbing spicy <a href="/wiki/Stinky_tofu" title="Stinky tofu">stinky tofu</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tufo_and_potatoes_grilled.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tofu and potatoes grilled at a street stall in Yuanyang, Yunnan province, China"><img alt="Tofu and potatoes grilled at a street stall in Yuanyang, Yunnan province, China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Tufo_and_potatoes_grilled.jpg/120px-Tufo_and_potatoes_grilled.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Tufo_and_potatoes_grilled.jpg/180px-Tufo_and_potatoes_grilled.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Tufo_and_potatoes_grilled.jpg/240px-Tufo_and_potatoes_grilled.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="690" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tofu and potatoes grilled at a street stall in <a href="/wiki/Yuanyang_County,_Yunnan" title="Yuanyang County, Yunnan">Yuanyang</a>, Yunnan province, China</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dofuhua-lamma.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Douhua (豆花), is a soft tofu dish. The fresh tofu is served warm and dressed with sweet syrup."><img alt="Douhua (豆花), is a soft tofu dish. The fresh tofu is served warm and dressed with sweet syrup." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Dofuhua-lamma.jpg/120px-Dofuhua-lamma.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Dofuhua-lamma.jpg/180px-Dofuhua-lamma.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Dofuhua-lamma.jpg/240px-Dofuhua-lamma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="682" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Douhua" title="Douhua">Douhua</a></i> (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">豆花</span></span>), is a soft tofu dish. The fresh tofu is served warm and dressed with sweet syrup.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sichaun-style_tofu_by_Meji_(9157749159).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A dish prepared from Sichuan-style tofu"><img alt="A dish prepared from Sichuan-style tofu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Sichaun-style_tofu_by_Meji_%289157749159%29.jpg/120px-Sichaun-style_tofu_by_Meji_%289157749159%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Sichaun-style_tofu_by_Meji_%289157749159%29.jpg/180px-Sichaun-style_tofu_by_Meji_%289157749159%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Sichaun-style_tofu_by_Meji_%289157749159%29.jpg/240px-Sichaun-style_tofu_by_Meji_%289157749159%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A dish prepared from Sichuan-style tofu</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Japan_2">Japan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Friends_from_Japan_(367151754).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Friends_from_Japan_%28367151754%29.jpg/220px-Friends_from_Japan_%28367151754%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Friends_from_Japan_%28367151754%29.jpg/330px-Friends_from_Japan_%28367151754%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Friends_from_Japan_%28367151754%29.jpg/440px-Friends_from_Japan_%28367151754%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Tofu varieties sold at a shop</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, a common lunch in the summer months is <i><a href="/wiki/Hiyayakko" title="Hiyayakko">hiyayakko</a></i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%86%B7" class="extiw" title="wikt:冷">冷</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A5%B4" class="extiw" title="wikt:奴">奴</a></span></span>), silken or firm East Asian tofu served with freshly grated <a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">ginger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scallion" title="Scallion">green onions</a>, or <i><a href="/wiki/Katsuobushi" title="Katsuobushi">katsuobushi</a></i> shavings with <a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">soy sauce</a>. In the winter, tofu is frequently eaten as <i>yudofu</i>, which is simmered in a clay pot in <i><a href="/wiki/Kombu" title="Kombu">kombu</a> <a href="/wiki/Dashi" title="Dashi">dashi</a></i>, with vegetables such as <a href="/wiki/Chinese_cabbage" title="Chinese cabbage">Chinese cabbage</a> or green onion. </p><p>Deep fried tofu is called <i><a href="/wiki/Atsuage" class="mw-redirect" title="Atsuage">atsuage</a></i> (厚揚げ) or <i>namaage</i> (生揚げ) in Japan. The thinner variety called <i><a href="/wiki/Aburaage" class="mw-redirect" title="Aburaage">aburaage</a></i> (油揚げ), develops a tofu pouch often used for <i><a href="/wiki/Sushi#Inarizushi" title="Sushi">inarizushi</a></i>. </p><p>In Japan, cubes of lightly coated and fried tofu topped with a <i><a href="/wiki/Kombu" title="Kombu">kombu</a> <a href="/wiki/Dashi" title="Dashi">dashi</a></i>-based sauce are called <i><a href="/wiki/Agedashi_d%C5%8Dfu" title="Agedashi dōfu">agedashi dōfu</a></i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">揚げ出し豆腐</span></span>). Soft tofu that has been thinly sliced and deep fried, known as <i>aburage</i> in Japan, is commonly <a href="/wiki/Blanching_(cooking)" title="Blanching (cooking)">blanched</a>, seasoned with <a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">soy sauce</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mirin" title="Mirin">mirin</a> and served in dishes such as <i><a href="/wiki/Kitsune" title="Kitsune">kitsune</a> <a href="/wiki/Udon" title="Udon">udon</a></i>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Gifu_Prefecture" title="Gifu Prefecture">Gifu Prefecture</a>, there is a local specialty called <i>komo-dofu</i>, which consists of tofu that has been wrapped in a <i>komo</i>, or mat of woven straw, which leaves its imprint on the exterior. The wrapped tofu is then boiled in soup stock. Voids within the tofu develop during the boiling process, allowing the soup stock flavor to penetrate and giving it a distinctive porous appearance.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Soft tofu can also be broken up or mashed and mixed with raw ingredients prior to being cooked. For example, Japanese <i><a href="/wiki/Ganmodoki" title="Ganmodoki">ganmodoki</a></i> is a mixture of chopped vegetables and mashed tofu. The mixture is bound together with starch and deep-fried. Chinese families sometimes make a steamed <a href="/wiki/Meatloaf" title="Meatloaf">meatloaf</a> or <a href="/wiki/Meatball" title="Meatball">meatball</a> dish from equal parts of coarsely mashed tofu and ground pork.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Japanese <a href="/wiki/Miso_soup" title="Miso soup">miso soup</a> is frequently made with tofu. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TofuWithSoySauceAndCarrot.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Japanese-style silken tofu with soy sauce and a decorative carrot slice"><img alt="Japanese-style silken tofu with soy sauce and a decorative carrot slice" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/TofuWithSoySauceAndCarrot.jpg/120px-TofuWithSoySauceAndCarrot.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/TofuWithSoySauceAndCarrot.jpg/180px-TofuWithSoySauceAndCarrot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/TofuWithSoySauceAndCarrot.jpg/240px-TofuWithSoySauceAndCarrot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="723" data-file-height="689" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Japanese-style silken tofu with soy sauce and a decorative carrot slice</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atsuage.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Atsuage, thick fried tofu"><img alt="Atsuage, thick fried tofu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Atsuage.jpg/120px-Atsuage.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Atsuage.jpg/180px-Atsuage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Atsuage.jpg/240px-Atsuage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Aburaage" class="mw-redirect" title="Aburaage">Atsuage</a></i>, thick fried tofu</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Goma_tofu_by_sunday_driver_in_Kyoto.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Goma tofu, made from sesame seeds and kudzu starch"><img alt="Goma tofu, made from sesame seeds and kudzu starch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Goma_tofu_by_sunday_driver_in_Kyoto.jpg/120px-Goma_tofu_by_sunday_driver_in_Kyoto.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Goma_tofu_by_sunday_driver_in_Kyoto.jpg/180px-Goma_tofu_by_sunday_driver_in_Kyoto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Goma_tofu_by_sunday_driver_in_Kyoto.jpg/240px-Goma_tofu_by_sunday_driver_in_Kyoto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="532" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Goma tofu</i>, made from sesame seeds and kudzu starch</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yud%C5%8Dfu_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yudofu, or tofu in hot water"><img alt="Yudofu, or tofu in hot water" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Yud%C5%8Dfu_001.jpg/120px-Yud%C5%8Dfu_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Yud%C5%8Dfu_001.jpg/180px-Yud%C5%8Dfu_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Yud%C5%8Dfu_001.jpg/240px-Yud%C5%8Dfu_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Yudofu</i>, or tofu in hot water</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Toyokawa_inari-zushi_(2010.11.07).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inarizushi, tofu skin with various fillings"><img alt="Inarizushi, tofu skin with various fillings" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Toyokawa_inari-zushi_%282010.11.07%29.jpg/120px-Toyokawa_inari-zushi_%282010.11.07%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Toyokawa_inari-zushi_%282010.11.07%29.jpg/180px-Toyokawa_inari-zushi_%282010.11.07%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Toyokawa_inari-zushi_%282010.11.07%29.jpg/240px-Toyokawa_inari-zushi_%282010.11.07%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Sushi#Inarizushi" title="Sushi">Inarizushi</a></i>, tofu skin with various fillings</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tofu_in_miso_soup_by_cathykid_in_Taipei.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tofu in miso soup"><img alt="Tofu in miso soup" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Tofu_in_miso_soup_by_cathykid_in_Taipei.jpg/120px-Tofu_in_miso_soup_by_cathykid_in_Taipei.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Tofu_in_miso_soup_by_cathykid_in_Taipei.jpg/180px-Tofu_in_miso_soup_by_cathykid_in_Taipei.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Tofu_in_miso_soup_by_cathykid_in_Taipei.jpg/240px-Tofu_in_miso_soup_by_cathykid_in_Taipei.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tofu in <a href="/wiki/Miso_soup" title="Miso soup"><i>miso</i> soup</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ganmodoki.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ganmodoki (がんもどき)"><img alt="Ganmodoki (がんもどき)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Ganmodoki.jpg/120px-Ganmodoki.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Ganmodoki.jpg/180px-Ganmodoki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Ganmodoki.jpg/240px-Ganmodoki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Ganmodoki" title="Ganmodoki">Ganmodoki</a></i> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">がんもどき</span></span>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Komo-dofu_on_sale._Author%27s_own_photograph_taken_2004-11-22._Freely_Licensed.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Local specialty komo-dofu on sale in a market in Takayama"><img alt="Local specialty komo-dofu on sale in a market in Takayama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Komo-dofu_on_sale._Author%27s_own_photograph_taken_2004-11-22._Freely_Licensed.jpg/120px-Komo-dofu_on_sale._Author%27s_own_photograph_taken_2004-11-22._Freely_Licensed.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Komo-dofu_on_sale._Author%27s_own_photograph_taken_2004-11-22._Freely_Licensed.jpg/180px-Komo-dofu_on_sale._Author%27s_own_photograph_taken_2004-11-22._Freely_Licensed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Komo-dofu_on_sale._Author%27s_own_photograph_taken_2004-11-22._Freely_Licensed.jpg/240px-Komo-dofu_on_sale._Author%27s_own_photograph_taken_2004-11-22._Freely_Licensed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Local specialty <i>komo-dofu</i> on sale in a market in <a href="/wiki/Takayama,_Gifu" title="Takayama, Gifu">Takayama</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Korea">Korea</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Dubu</i> plays an important part in <a href="/wiki/Korean_cuisine" title="Korean cuisine">Korean cuisine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tofu is often pan-fried and served as <i><a href="/wiki/Banchan" title="Banchan">banchan</a></i> with a dipping sauce.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also used in many soups. Cubes of firm tofu can be seasoned with soy sauce, garlic, and other ingredients before pan-frying. A dish of tofu cubes simmered with similar spicy seasoning is called <i>dubu-<a href="/wiki/Jorim" title="Jorim">jorim</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Dubu-kimchi" title="Dubu-kimchi">Dubu-kimchi</a></i> features blanched tofu served in rectangular slices around the edges of a plate with pan-fried <i><a href="/wiki/Kimchi" title="Kimchi">kimchi</a></i>. This is a popular food to accompany alcoholic drinks (<i><a href="/wiki/Anju_(food)" title="Anju (food)">anju</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-dubu_kimchi_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dubu_kimchi-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soft, unpressed <i>sun-dubu</i> is used as the main ingredient of <i><a href="/wiki/Sundubu-jjigae" title="Sundubu-jjigae">sundubu-jjigae</a></i> (soft tofu stew),<sup id="cite_ref-sundubu_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sundubu-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while other soups and stews such as <i><a href="/wiki/Doenjang-guk" title="Doenjang-guk">doenjang-guk</a></i> (soybean paste soup), <i><a href="/wiki/Doenjang-jjigae" title="Doenjang-jjigae">doenjang-jjigae</a></i> (soybean paste stew), and <i><a href="/wiki/Kimchi-jjigae" title="Kimchi-jjigae">kimchi-jjigae</a></i> (kimchi stew) tend to have diced firm tofu in them. As in many other East Asian countries, tofu is also enjoyed in a hot pot dish called <i>dubu-<a href="/wiki/Jeongol" title="Jeongol">jeongol</a></i> (tofu hot pot). </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Korean.food-Dubu.gui-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pan-fried tofu served with seasoned soy sauce for dipping"><img alt="Pan-fried tofu served with seasoned soy sauce for dipping" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Korean.food-Dubu.gui-01.jpg/120px-Korean.food-Dubu.gui-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Korean.food-Dubu.gui-01.jpg/180px-Korean.food-Dubu.gui-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Korean.food-Dubu.gui-01.jpg/240px-Korean.food-Dubu.gui-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="807" data-file-height="567" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pan-fried tofu served with seasoned <a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">soy sauce</a> for dipping</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dubu-kimchi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dubu-kimchi (blanched tofu served with stir-fried kimchi)"><img alt="Dubu-kimchi (blanched tofu served with stir-fried kimchi)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Dubu-kimchi.jpg/120px-Dubu-kimchi.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Dubu-kimchi.jpg/180px-Dubu-kimchi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Dubu-kimchi.jpg/240px-Dubu-kimchi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Dubu-kimchi" title="Dubu-kimchi">Dubu-kimchi</a></i> (blanched tofu served with stir-fried <i><a href="/wiki/Kimchi" title="Kimchi">kimchi</a></i>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sundubu_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Boiled sun-dubu (extra soft tofu) served in ttukbaegi"><img alt="Boiled sun-dubu (extra soft tofu) served in ttukbaegi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Sundubu_2.jpg/120px-Sundubu_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Sundubu_2.jpg/180px-Sundubu_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Sundubu_2.jpg/240px-Sundubu_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="557" data-file-height="371" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Boiled <i>sun-dubu</i> (extra soft tofu) served in <i><a href="/wiki/Ttukbaegi" title="Ttukbaegi">ttukbaegi</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sundubu-jjigae_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sundubu-jjigae (spicy soft tofu stew)"><img alt="Sundubu-jjigae (spicy soft tofu stew)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Sundubu-jjigae_2.jpg/120px-Sundubu-jjigae_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Sundubu-jjigae_2.jpg/180px-Sundubu-jjigae_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Sundubu-jjigae_2.jpg/240px-Sundubu-jjigae_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="628" data-file-height="353" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Sundubu-jjigae" title="Sundubu-jjigae">Sundubu-jjigae</a></i> (spicy soft tofu stew)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dallae-doenjang-guk.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dallae-doenjang-guk (soybean paste soup with wild chives and tofu)"><img alt="Dallae-doenjang-guk (soybean paste soup with wild chives and tofu)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Dallae-doenjang-guk.jpg/120px-Dallae-doenjang-guk.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Dallae-doenjang-guk.jpg/180px-Dallae-doenjang-guk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Dallae-doenjang-guk.jpg/240px-Dallae-doenjang-guk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="628" data-file-height="353" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Allium_monanthum" title="Allium monanthum">Dallae</a>-<a href="/wiki/Doenjang-guk" title="Doenjang-guk">doenjang-guk</a></i> (soybean paste soup with wild chives and tofu)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KOCIS_Dubu_with_soy_sauce_(4556150847).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chilled tofu served with soy sauce seasonings"><img alt="Chilled tofu served with soy sauce seasonings" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/KOCIS_Dubu_with_soy_sauce_%284556150847%29.jpg/120px-KOCIS_Dubu_with_soy_sauce_%284556150847%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/KOCIS_Dubu_with_soy_sauce_%284556150847%29.jpg/180px-KOCIS_Dubu_with_soy_sauce_%284556150847%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/KOCIS_Dubu_with_soy_sauce_%284556150847%29.jpg/240px-KOCIS_Dubu_with_soy_sauce_%284556150847%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="334" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chilled tofu served with soy sauce seasonings</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Broccoli-dubu-muchim.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Crumbled tofu and mashed broccoli salad"><img alt="Crumbled tofu and mashed broccoli salad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Broccoli-dubu-muchim.jpg/120px-Broccoli-dubu-muchim.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Broccoli-dubu-muchim.jpg/180px-Broccoli-dubu-muchim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Broccoli-dubu-muchim.jpg/240px-Broccoli-dubu-muchim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Crumbled tofu and mashed broccoli salad</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southeast_Asia_2">Southeast Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Southeast Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Indonesia">Indonesia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Indonesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indonesian cuisine">Indonesia</a>, tofu is called <i>tahu</i>, a loanword from the <a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> Chinese pronunciation of tofu (tāu-hū, 豆腐). In Indonesian markets, tofu is usually available in two forms: <i>tahu putih</i> or common white firm tofu; and <i>tahu goreng</i> or fried tofu that has developed a brown skin. <i>Tahu yun yi</i> or <i>tahu Bandung</i> is yellow tofu colored with <a href="/wiki/Turmeric" title="Turmeric">turmeric</a>. </p><p>A common cooking technique in many parts of East and Southeast Asia involves deep frying tofu in <a href="/wiki/Vegetable_oil" title="Vegetable oil">vegetable oil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunflower" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunflower">sunflower</a> oil, or <a href="/wiki/Canola" class="mw-redirect" title="Canola">canola</a> oil. In Indonesia, it is usually fried in <a href="/wiki/Palm_oil" title="Palm oil">palm oil</a>. Although pre-fried tofu is often sold cold, it is seldom eaten directly and requires additional cooking. </p><p>Popular Indonesian tofu dishes include <i><a href="/wiki/Tahu_gejrot" title="Tahu gejrot">tahu gejrot</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Kupat_tahu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kupat tahu">kupat tahu</a></i>. <i>Tahu gejrot</i> is <i>tahu pong</i> type of hollow fried tofu cut into small pieces, served with a thin, watery dressing made by blending <a href="/wiki/Palm_sugar" title="Palm sugar">palm sugar</a>, vinegar, and <a href="/wiki/Kecap_manis" class="mw-redirect" title="Kecap manis">sweet soy sauce</a>, garnished with chili pepper, garlic, and shallot. <i><a href="/wiki/Kupat_tahu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kupat tahu">Kupat tahu</a></i> is slices of tofu served with <i><a href="/wiki/Ketupat" title="Ketupat">ketupat</a></i> rice cake, usually in peanut sauce dressing. Slices of tofu are usually mixed in <i><a href="/wiki/Gado-gado" title="Gado-gado">gado-gado</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ketoprak_(dish)" title="Ketoprak (dish)">ketoprak</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Siomay" title="Siomay">siomay</a></i>. </p><p><i>Bacem</i> is a method of cooking tofu originating in <a href="/wiki/Central_Java" title="Central Java">Central Java</a>. The tofu is boiled in coconut water, mixed with <i>lengkuas</i> (galangal), Indonesian bay leaves, <a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">coriander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shallot" title="Shallot">shallot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tamarind" title="Tamarind">tamarind</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palm_sugar" title="Palm sugar">palm sugar</a>. After the spicy coconut water has completely evaporated, the tofu is fried until it is golden brown. The result is moist but rather firm, sweet, and spicy tofu. This cooked tofu variant is commonly known as <i>tahu bacem</i> in <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>. <i>Tahu bacem</i> is commonly prepared along with <a href="/wiki/Tempeh" title="Tempeh">tempeh</a> and chicken. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tahu_putih.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tahu putih (firm white tofu)"><img alt="Tahu putih (firm white tofu)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Tahu_putih.JPG/120px-Tahu_putih.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Tahu_putih.JPG/180px-Tahu_putih.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Tahu_putih.JPG/240px-Tahu_putih.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Tahu putih</i> (firm white tofu)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tahu_digoreng.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tahu goreng (fried tofu) has brown skin."><img alt="Tahu goreng (fried tofu) has brown skin." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Tahu_digoreng.JPG/120px-Tahu_digoreng.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Tahu_digoreng.JPG/180px-Tahu_digoreng.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Tahu_digoreng.JPG/240px-Tahu_digoreng.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Tahu_goreng" title="Tahu goreng">Tahu goreng</a></i> (fried tofu) has brown skin.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tahu_sumedang.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tahu sumedang with bird's eye chili"><img alt="Tahu sumedang with bird's eye chili" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Tahu_sumedang.jpg/120px-Tahu_sumedang.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Tahu_sumedang.jpg/180px-Tahu_sumedang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Tahu_sumedang.jpg/240px-Tahu_sumedang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1129" data-file-height="1011" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Tahu_sumedang" title="Tahu sumedang">Tahu sumedang</a></i> with bird's eye chili</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cirebon_Tahu_Gejrot.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tahu gejrot with thin light spicy sauce"><img alt="Tahu gejrot with thin light spicy sauce" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Cirebon_Tahu_Gejrot.jpg/120px-Cirebon_Tahu_Gejrot.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Cirebon_Tahu_Gejrot.jpg/180px-Cirebon_Tahu_Gejrot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Cirebon_Tahu_Gejrot.jpg/240px-Cirebon_Tahu_Gejrot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2906" data-file-height="1937" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Tahu_gejrot" title="Tahu gejrot">Tahu gejrot</a></i> with thin light spicy sauce</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Laksa_Bogor_4.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Yellow tofu (tofu colored with turmeric) on top of laksa"><img alt="Yellow tofu (tofu colored with turmeric) on top of laksa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Laksa_Bogor_4.JPG/120px-Laksa_Bogor_4.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Laksa_Bogor_4.JPG/180px-Laksa_Bogor_4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Laksa_Bogor_4.JPG/240px-Laksa_Bogor_4.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2268" data-file-height="1701" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Yellow tofu (tofu colored with turmeric) on top of <a href="/wiki/Laksa" title="Laksa">laksa</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bacem_tahu.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tahu bacem, tofu simmered in palm sugar and spices"><img alt="Tahu bacem, tofu simmered in palm sugar and spices" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Bacem_tahu.jpg/120px-Bacem_tahu.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Bacem_tahu.jpg/180px-Bacem_tahu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Bacem_tahu.jpg/240px-Bacem_tahu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1213" data-file-height="730" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Tahu bacem</i>, tofu simmered in palm sugar and spices</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kembang_Tahu.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kembang tahu, served in sweet ginger syrup"><img alt="Kembang tahu, served in sweet ginger syrup" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Kembang_Tahu.jpg/120px-Kembang_Tahu.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Kembang_Tahu.jpg/180px-Kembang_Tahu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Kembang_Tahu.jpg/240px-Kembang_Tahu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Douhua" title="Douhua">Kembang tahu</a></i>, served in sweet ginger syrup</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Frikadel_Tahu.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Perkedel tahu goreng (Dutch-Indonesian food based on tofu and Dutch cooking technique) Frikadeller"><img alt="Perkedel tahu goreng (Dutch-Indonesian food based on tofu and Dutch cooking technique) Frikadeller" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Frikadel_Tahu.jpg/120px-Frikadel_Tahu.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Frikadel_Tahu.jpg/180px-Frikadel_Tahu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Frikadel_Tahu.jpg/240px-Frikadel_Tahu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Perkedel tahu</i> goreng (Dutch-Indonesian food based on tofu and Dutch cooking technique) <a href="/wiki/Frikadeller" class="mw-redirect" title="Frikadeller">Frikadeller</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tahu_Isi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tahu isi, Indonesian fried tofu filled with vegetable, shrimp, or chicken served with bird eye chili and sweet shrimp paste"><img alt="Tahu isi, Indonesian fried tofu filled with vegetable, shrimp, or chicken served with bird eye chili and sweet shrimp paste" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Tahu_Isi.jpg/120px-Tahu_Isi.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Tahu_Isi.jpg/180px-Tahu_Isi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Tahu_Isi.jpg/240px-Tahu_Isi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="263" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Tahu isi</i>, Indonesian fried tofu filled with vegetable, shrimp, or chicken served with bird eye chili and sweet shrimp <a href="/wiki/Shrimp_paste" title="Shrimp paste">paste</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tahu_Telor_in_Surabaya.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Tahu telor or Tahu tek, omelette tofu served with vegetable, krupuk, peanut sauce, shrimp paste, sweet soy sauce, and sambal"><img alt="Tahu telor or Tahu tek, omelette tofu served with vegetable, krupuk, peanut sauce, shrimp paste, sweet soy sauce, and sambal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Tahu_Telor_in_Surabaya.JPG/120px-Tahu_Telor_in_Surabaya.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Tahu_Telor_in_Surabaya.JPG/180px-Tahu_Telor_in_Surabaya.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Tahu_Telor_in_Surabaya.JPG/240px-Tahu_Telor_in_Surabaya.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Tahu telor or Tahu tek</i>, omelette tofu served with vegetable, <a href="/wiki/Krupuk" title="Krupuk">krupuk</a>, peanut sauce, shrimp paste, <a href="/wiki/Sweet_soy_sauce" title="Sweet soy sauce">sweet soy sauce</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sambal" title="Sambal">sambal</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tahu_Kupat.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kupat tahu, tofu served with rice cake, noodles and sweet soy sauce"><img alt="Kupat tahu, tofu served with rice cake, noodles and sweet soy sauce" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Tahu_Kupat.jpg/120px-Tahu_Kupat.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Tahu_Kupat.jpg/180px-Tahu_Kupat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Tahu_Kupat.jpg/240px-Tahu_Kupat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Kupat tahu</i>, tofu served with rice cake, noodles and sweet soy sauce</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tahu_Campur.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tahu campur, tofu soup with beef and tendon served in broth, soy sauce, shrimp paste, vegetable, krupuk and sambal"><img alt="Tahu campur, tofu soup with beef and tendon served in broth, soy sauce, shrimp paste, vegetable, krupuk and sambal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Tahu_Campur.jpg/120px-Tahu_Campur.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Tahu_Campur.jpg/180px-Tahu_Campur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Tahu_Campur.jpg/240px-Tahu_Campur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Tahu campur</i>, tofu soup with beef and tendon served in broth, <a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">soy</a> sauce, <a href="/wiki/Shrimp_paste" title="Shrimp paste">shrimp paste</a>, vegetable, <a href="/wiki/Krupuk" title="Krupuk">krupuk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sambal" title="Sambal">sambal</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Batagor_Savoy_Homann_Bandung.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tahu bakso or batagor, literally bakso (meatball), tahu (tofu), goreng (fried). Fried tofu filled with fish, tapioca starch, or meat."><img alt="Tahu bakso or batagor, literally bakso (meatball), tahu (tofu), goreng (fried). Fried tofu filled with fish, tapioca starch, or meat." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Batagor_Savoy_Homann_Bandung.jpg/120px-Batagor_Savoy_Homann_Bandung.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Batagor_Savoy_Homann_Bandung.jpg/180px-Batagor_Savoy_Homann_Bandung.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Batagor_Savoy_Homann_Bandung.jpg/240px-Batagor_Savoy_Homann_Bandung.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3030" data-file-height="2184" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Tahu bakso or <a href="/wiki/Batagor" title="Batagor">batagor</a></i>, literally bakso (meatball), tahu (tofu), goreng (fried). Fried tofu filled with fish, tapioca starch, or meat.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baksotahu1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tahu tuna. fried tofu filled with grounded tuna. A delicacy from Pacitan, East Java."><img alt="Tahu tuna. fried tofu filled with grounded tuna. A delicacy from Pacitan, East Java." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Baksotahu1.jpg/120px-Baksotahu1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Baksotahu1.jpg/180px-Baksotahu1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Baksotahu1.jpg/240px-Baksotahu1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="472" data-file-height="394" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Tahu tuna.</i> fried tofu filled with grounded tuna. A delicacy from <a href="/wiki/Pacitan_Regency" title="Pacitan Regency">Pacitan</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Java" title="East Java">East Java</a>. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tahu_gimbal_in_Semarang.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tahu gimbal. a tofu dish with peanut sauce and gimbal (shrimp fritter) from Semarang."><img alt="Tahu gimbal. a tofu dish with peanut sauce and gimbal (shrimp fritter) from Semarang." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Tahu_gimbal_in_Semarang.jpg/120px-Tahu_gimbal_in_Semarang.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Tahu_gimbal_in_Semarang.jpg/180px-Tahu_gimbal_in_Semarang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Tahu_gimbal_in_Semarang.jpg/240px-Tahu_gimbal_in_Semarang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Tahu gimbal.</i> a tofu dish with peanut sauce and <i>gimbal</i> (shrimp fritter) from <a href="/wiki/Semarang" title="Semarang">Semarang</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tahu_petis_in_Semarang.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tahu petis. fried tofu filled with petis (black colored shrimp paste sauce). Originated from Semarang, Central Java."><img alt="Tahu petis. fried tofu filled with petis (black colored shrimp paste sauce). Originated from Semarang, Central Java." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Tahu_petis_in_Semarang.jpg/118px-Tahu_petis_in_Semarang.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Tahu_petis_in_Semarang.jpg/177px-Tahu_petis_in_Semarang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Tahu_petis_in_Semarang.jpg/236px-Tahu_petis_in_Semarang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1007" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Tahu petis.</i> fried tofu filled with <i>petis</i> (black colored <a href="/wiki/Shrimp_paste" title="Shrimp paste">shrimp paste</a> sauce). Originated from <a href="/wiki/Semarang" title="Semarang">Semarang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Java" title="Central Java">Central Java</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tahu_aci.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tahu aci. fried tofu stuffed with tapioca starch. Originated from Tegal, Central Java."><img alt="Tahu aci. fried tofu stuffed with tapioca starch. Originated from Tegal, Central Java." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Tahu_aci.jpg/120px-Tahu_aci.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Tahu_aci.jpg/180px-Tahu_aci.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Tahu_aci.jpg/240px-Tahu_aci.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Tahu aci.</i> fried tofu stuffed with <a href="/wiki/Tapioca" title="Tapioca">tapioca</a> starch. Originated from <a href="/wiki/Tegal" title="Tegal">Tegal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Java" title="Central Java">Central Java</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tau_Kua_Heci.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tau kua heci. a tofu dish with prawn. It is from Binjai, North Sumatra."><img alt="Tau kua heci. a tofu dish with prawn. It is from Binjai, North Sumatra." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Tau_Kua_Heci.jpg/120px-Tau_Kua_Heci.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Tau_Kua_Heci.jpg/180px-Tau_Kua_Heci.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Tau_Kua_Heci.jpg/240px-Tau_Kua_Heci.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4624" data-file-height="3472" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Tau kua heci.</i> a tofu dish with prawn. It is from <a href="/wiki/Binjai" title="Binjai">Binjai</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Sumatra" title="North Sumatra">North Sumatra</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tepo_tahu.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tepo tahu. fried tofu with tepo (rice cake) and vegetables drizzled with peanut sauce. Originated from central western of East Java."><img alt="Tepo tahu. fried tofu with tepo (rice cake) and vegetables drizzled with peanut sauce. Originated from central western of East Java." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Tepo_tahu.jpg/120px-Tepo_tahu.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Tepo_tahu.jpg/180px-Tepo_tahu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Tepo_tahu.jpg/240px-Tepo_tahu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8000" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Tepo tahu.</i> fried tofu with <i>tepo</i> (rice cake) and vegetables drizzled with peanut sauce. Originated from central western of <a href="/wiki/East_Java" title="East Java">East Java</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TAHU_BULAT.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tahu bulat. (round tofu). It was created in Tasikmalaya, West Java."><img alt="Tahu bulat. (round tofu). It was created in Tasikmalaya, West Java." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/TAHU_BULAT.jpg/120px-TAHU_BULAT.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/TAHU_BULAT.jpg/180px-TAHU_BULAT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/TAHU_BULAT.jpg/240px-TAHU_BULAT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4496" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Tahu bulat.</i> (round tofu). It was created in <a href="/wiki/Tasikmalaya" title="Tasikmalaya">Tasikmalaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Java" title="West Java">West Java</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tahu_Walik.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tahu walik. a fried tofu from Banyuwangi, East Java."><img alt="Tahu walik. a fried tofu from Banyuwangi, East Java." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Tahu_Walik.jpg/120px-Tahu_Walik.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Tahu_Walik.jpg/180px-Tahu_Walik.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Tahu_Walik.jpg/240px-Tahu_Walik.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Tahu walik.</i> a fried tofu from <a href="/wiki/Banyuwangi" class="mw-redirect" title="Banyuwangi">Banyuwangi</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Java" title="East Java">East Java</a>.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Philippines">Philippines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, the sweet delicacy <a href="/wiki/Taho" title="Taho">taho</a> is made of fresh tofu with brown sugar syrup and <a href="/wiki/Sago" title="Sago">sago</a>. The Malaysian and Singaporean version of <i>taho</i> or <i>douhua</i> is called <i>tofufa</i> or <i>taufufa</i>. Warm soft tofu is served in slices (created by scooping it from a wooden bucket with a flat spoon) in a bowl with either pandan-flavored sugar syrup or palm sugar syrup. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Taho2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A cup of taho"><img alt="A cup of taho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Taho2.jpg/120px-Taho2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Taho2.jpg/180px-Taho2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Taho2.jpg/240px-Taho2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A cup of taho</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Vietnam">Vietnam</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Vietnam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Vietnam, tofu pronounced <i>đậu phụ</i> and <i>đậu hũ</i> is a variety of soft tofu made and carried around in an earthenware jar. </p><p> Another popular dish with tofu is bún đậu mắm tôm, which is a dish with rice noodles served with tofu and <a href="/wiki/Shrimp_paste" title="Shrimp paste">shrimp paste</a>.</p><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:B%C3%BAn_%C4%91%E1%BA%ADu_m%E1%BA%AFm_t%C3%B4m_(2019).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bún đậu mắm tôm"><img alt="Bún đậu mắm tôm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/B%C3%BAn_%C4%91%E1%BA%ADu_m%E1%BA%AFm_t%C3%B4m_%282019%29.jpg/90px-B%C3%BAn_%C4%91%E1%BA%ADu_m%E1%BA%AFm_t%C3%B4m_%282019%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/B%C3%BAn_%C4%91%E1%BA%ADu_m%E1%BA%AFm_t%C3%B4m_%282019%29.jpg/135px-B%C3%BAn_%C4%91%E1%BA%ADu_m%E1%BA%AFm_t%C3%B4m_%282019%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/B%C3%BAn_%C4%91%E1%BA%ADu_m%E1%BA%AFm_t%C3%B4m_%282019%29.jpg/180px-B%C3%BAn_%C4%91%E1%BA%ADu_m%E1%BA%AFm_t%C3%B4m_%282019%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bún đậu mắm tôm</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cooking_class,_Hoi_An_(32544686338).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Đậu hũ"><img alt="Đậu hũ" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Cooking_class%2C_Hoi_An_%2832544686338%29.jpg/120px-Cooking_class%2C_Hoi_An_%2832544686338%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Cooking_class%2C_Hoi_An_%2832544686338%29.jpg/180px-Cooking_class%2C_Hoi_An_%2832544686338%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Cooking_class%2C_Hoi_An_%2832544686338%29.jpg/240px-Cooking_class%2C_Hoi_An_%2832544686338%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Đậu hũ</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C4%90%E1%BA%ADu_h%C5%A9_r%C3%A1n_chay,_t%E1%BA%A5t_ni%C3%AAn_nh%C3%A0_m%E1%BB%87_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Đậu hũ rán (fried đậu hũ)"><img alt="Đậu hũ rán (fried đậu hũ)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%C4%90%E1%BA%ADu_h%C5%A9_r%C3%A1n_chay%2C_t%E1%BA%A5t_ni%C3%AAn_nh%C3%A0_m%E1%BB%87_2018.jpg/113px-%C4%90%E1%BA%ADu_h%C5%A9_r%C3%A1n_chay%2C_t%E1%BA%A5t_ni%C3%AAn_nh%C3%A0_m%E1%BB%87_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%C4%90%E1%BA%ADu_h%C5%A9_r%C3%A1n_chay%2C_t%E1%BA%A5t_ni%C3%AAn_nh%C3%A0_m%E1%BB%87_2018.jpg/169px-%C4%90%E1%BA%ADu_h%C5%A9_r%C3%A1n_chay%2C_t%E1%BA%A5t_ni%C3%AAn_nh%C3%A0_m%E1%BB%87_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%C4%90%E1%BA%ADu_h%C5%A9_r%C3%A1n_chay%2C_t%E1%BA%A5t_ni%C3%AAn_nh%C3%A0_m%E1%BB%87_2018.jpg/225px-%C4%90%E1%BA%ADu_h%C5%A9_r%C3%A1n_chay%2C_t%E1%BA%A5t_ni%C3%AAn_nh%C3%A0_m%E1%BB%87_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3120" data-file-height="3325" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Đậu hũ rán (fried đậu hũ)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:B%E1%BB%AFa_c%C6%A1m_gia_%C4%91%C3%ACnh_ng6th4n2021_(t%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BA%ADu_h%C5%A9_s%E1%BB%91t_c%C3%A0)_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Đậu hũ sốt cà (đậu hũ with tomato sauce)"><img alt="Đậu hũ sốt cà (đậu hũ with tomato sauce)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/B%E1%BB%AFa_c%C6%A1m_gia_%C4%91%C3%ACnh_ng6th4n2021_%28t%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BA%ADu_h%C5%A9_s%E1%BB%91t_c%C3%A0%29_%281%29.jpg/90px-B%E1%BB%AFa_c%C6%A1m_gia_%C4%91%C3%ACnh_ng6th4n2021_%28t%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BA%ADu_h%C5%A9_s%E1%BB%91t_c%C3%A0%29_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/B%E1%BB%AFa_c%C6%A1m_gia_%C4%91%C3%ACnh_ng6th4n2021_%28t%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BA%ADu_h%C5%A9_s%E1%BB%91t_c%C3%A0%29_%281%29.jpg/135px-B%E1%BB%AFa_c%C6%A1m_gia_%C4%91%C3%ACnh_ng6th4n2021_%28t%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BA%ADu_h%C5%A9_s%E1%BB%91t_c%C3%A0%29_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/B%E1%BB%AFa_c%C6%A1m_gia_%C4%91%C3%ACnh_ng6th4n2021_%28t%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BA%ADu_h%C5%A9_s%E1%BB%91t_c%C3%A0%29_%281%29.jpg/180px-B%E1%BB%AFa_c%C6%A1m_gia_%C4%91%C3%ACnh_ng6th4n2021_%28t%C3%B4_%C4%91%E1%BA%ADu_h%C5%A9_s%E1%BB%91t_c%C3%A0%29_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Đậu hũ sốt cà (đậu hũ with tomato sauce)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M%C3%B3n_%C4%83n_c%C3%BAng_T%E1%BA%A5t_Ni%C3%AAn_nh%C3%A0_m%C3%ACnh,_T%E1%BA%BFt_Nh%C3%A2m_D%E1%BA%A7n_2022_(%C4%91%E1%BA%ADu_h%C5%A9_s%E1%BB%91t_c%C3%A0)_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Đậu hũ in the Tất niên offering tray"><img alt="Đậu hũ in the Tất niên offering tray" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/M%C3%B3n_%C4%83n_c%C3%BAng_T%E1%BA%A5t_Ni%C3%AAn_nh%C3%A0_m%C3%ACnh%2C_T%E1%BA%BFt_Nh%C3%A2m_D%E1%BA%A7n_2022_%28%C4%91%E1%BA%ADu_h%C5%A9_s%E1%BB%91t_c%C3%A0%29_%283%29.jpg/90px-M%C3%B3n_%C4%83n_c%C3%BAng_T%E1%BA%A5t_Ni%C3%AAn_nh%C3%A0_m%C3%ACnh%2C_T%E1%BA%BFt_Nh%C3%A2m_D%E1%BA%A7n_2022_%28%C4%91%E1%BA%ADu_h%C5%A9_s%E1%BB%91t_c%C3%A0%29_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/M%C3%B3n_%C4%83n_c%C3%BAng_T%E1%BA%A5t_Ni%C3%AAn_nh%C3%A0_m%C3%ACnh%2C_T%E1%BA%BFt_Nh%C3%A2m_D%E1%BA%A7n_2022_%28%C4%91%E1%BA%ADu_h%C5%A9_s%E1%BB%91t_c%C3%A0%29_%283%29.jpg/135px-M%C3%B3n_%C4%83n_c%C3%BAng_T%E1%BA%A5t_Ni%C3%AAn_nh%C3%A0_m%C3%ACnh%2C_T%E1%BA%BFt_Nh%C3%A2m_D%E1%BA%A7n_2022_%28%C4%91%E1%BA%ADu_h%C5%A9_s%E1%BB%91t_c%C3%A0%29_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/M%C3%B3n_%C4%83n_c%C3%BAng_T%E1%BA%A5t_Ni%C3%AAn_nh%C3%A0_m%C3%ACnh%2C_T%E1%BA%BFt_Nh%C3%A2m_D%E1%BA%A7n_2022_%28%C4%91%E1%BA%ADu_h%C5%A9_s%E1%BB%91t_c%C3%A0%29_%283%29.jpg/180px-M%C3%B3n_%C4%83n_c%C3%BAng_T%E1%BA%A5t_Ni%C3%AAn_nh%C3%A0_m%C3%ACnh%2C_T%E1%BA%BFt_Nh%C3%A2m_D%E1%BA%A7n_2022_%28%C4%91%E1%BA%ADu_h%C5%A9_s%E1%BB%91t_c%C3%A0%29_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Đậu hũ in the Tất niên offering tray</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Myanmar">Myanmar</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Myanmar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Burmese_tofu" title="Burmese tofu">Burmese tofu</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elsewhere_2">Elsewhere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Elsewhere"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Generally, the firmer styles of tofu are used for <a href="/wiki/Kebab" title="Kebab">kebabs</a>, mock meats, and dishes requiring a consistency that holds together, while the softer styles can be used for desserts, soups, shakes, and sauces. </p><p>Some people enjoy tofu made and prepared with chocolate and making it into pies and mousse along with other tofu desserts. </p><p>This came about due to vegans and vegetarians avoiding the usage of items such as milk and eggs. </p><p>Firm Western tofu types can be barbecued since they hold together on a barbecue grill. These types are usually marinated overnight as the marinade does not easily penetrate the entire block of tofu. (Techniques to increase the penetration of marinades include stabbing repeatedly with a fork or freezing and thawing prior to marinating.) Grated firm Western tofu is sometimes used in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/Textured_vegetable_protein" title="Textured vegetable protein">textured vegetable protein</a> (TVP) as a meat substitute. Softer tofus are sometimes used as a dairy-free or low-calorie filler. Silken tofu may be used to replace cheese in certain dishes, such as <a href="/wiki/Lasagna" title="Lasagna">lasagna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tofu has also been fused into other cuisines in the West, for instance in Indian-style curries. </p><p>Tofu and soy protein can be industrially processed to match the textures and flavors of <a href="/wiki/Cheese" title="Cheese">cheese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pudding" title="Pudding">pudding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egg_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg (food)">eggs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bacon" title="Bacon">bacon</a>, and similar products. Tofu's texture can also be altered by <a href="/wiki/Freezing" title="Freezing">freezing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pur%C3%A9e" title="Purée">puréeing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cooking" title="Cooking">cooking</a>. In <a href="/wiki/The_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="The Americas">the Americas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, tofu is frequently associated with <a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">vegetarianism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">veganism</a>, as it is a source of non-animal protein. </p><p>In India tofu is used as a low-fat replacement for <a href="/wiki/Paneer" title="Paneer">paneer</a>, providing a similar texture.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nutrition_and_health">Nutrition and health</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Nutrition and health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Tofu (soft, typical)</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">291 kJ (70 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">1.5 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">3.5 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Saturated_fat" title="Saturated fat">Saturated</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">0.5 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">21 g</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Minerals</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology#Humans" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">10%</div> 130 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">6%</div> 1.10 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">0%</div> 4 mg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><div class="wrap" style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;">This sample is relatively rich in calcium due to the coagulant. Values for other varieties may be significantly lower.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em"><sup>†</sup>Percentages estimated using <a href="/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<sup id="cite_ref-FDADailyValues_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">the National Academies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protein">Protein</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Protein"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tofu is relatively high in <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a>, about 10.7% for firm tofu and 5.3% for soft "silken" tofu, with about 5% and 2% fat respectively,<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as <a href="/wiki/Mass_fraction_(chemistry)" title="Mass fraction (chemistry)">mass fraction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAngLiuHuang1999[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_February_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(February_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAngLiuHuang1999[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_February_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(February_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tofu is typically between 76% and 91% water by mass.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemistry">Chemistry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tofu is made from soy milk which is a <a href="/wiki/Turbid" class="mw-redirect" title="Turbid">turbid</a> <a href="/wiki/Colloid" title="Colloid">colloid</a> liquid/solution. Tofu structure is related to soy milk components, particularly colloid components such as protein particles and oil globules. Protein particle content increases with the increase of the globulin ratio in the soybeans. Tofu varieties ensue from adding <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coagulant" class="extiw" title="wikt:coagulant">coagulants</a> at various concentrations.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proteins">Proteins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Proteins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The two main components of the soybean important in tofu making are the 11S component, containing glycinin, and the 7S subunit, containing hemagglutinins, lipoxygenases, b-amylase, and β-conglycinin. The major soy protein components, in the two fractions that make up 65–85% of the proteins in soybeans, include glycinin and β-conglycinin. The soybean protein consists of many different subunits, which are sensitive to heat, pH, and ionic strength and become unevenly distributed among soluble and particulate fractions due to hydrophilic and hydrophobic interaction because of the amino acid composition.<sup id="cite_ref-Shurt-2013_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shurt-2013-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 73">: 73 </span></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cuisine" title="Buddhist cuisine">Buddhist cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douhua" title="Douhua">Douhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_soy-based_foods" title="List of soy-based foods">List of soy-based foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tofu_dishes" title="List of tofu dishes">List of tofu dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Tofu_Festival" title="Los Angeles Tofu Festival">Los Angeles Tofu Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oncom" title="Oncom">Oncom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seitan" title="Seitan">Seitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempeh" title="Tempeh">Tempeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_cuisine" title="Vegetarian cuisine">Vegetarian cuisine</a></li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Foodlogo2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/21px-Foodlogo2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/32px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/42px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Hwang Ryh Shang Company of Taiwan, a major producer of pickled tofu, mislabels this ingredient as "red date" (<a href="/wiki/Jujube" title="Jujube">jujube</a>) on the English-language list of ingredients on its product labels, although the Chinese list of ingredients on the same product lists 紅糟 (literally "red <a href="/wiki/Lees_(fermentation)" title="Lees (fermentation)">lees</a>", i.e. red yeast rice). </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Soya-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Soya_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Soya_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soya.be/history-of-tofu.php">"History of tofu"</a>. Soya.be. 29 November 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160821055959/http://www.soya.be/history-of-tofu.php">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+tofu&rft.pub=Soya.be&rft.date=2015-11-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soya.be%2Fhistory-of-tofu.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://devour.asia/what-is-tofu-whats-the-best-way-to-cook-it/">"What is Tofu? What's the Best Way to Cook It?"</a>. <i>devour.asia</i>. 26 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210410182914/https://devour.asia/what-is-tofu-whats-the-best-way-to-cook-it/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2004d_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2004d_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2004d_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2004d_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShurtleffAoyagi2004d">Shurtleff & Aoyagi (2004d)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeedhamVol_6_Part_5_Chapter_40,_pp._306–307-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeedhamVol_6_Part_5_Chapter_40,_pp._306–307_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeedham">Needham</a>, Vol 6 Part 5 Chapter 40, pp. 306–307.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.maff.go.jp/j/keikaku/syokubunka/k_ryouri/search_menu/menu/tofunoumezuzuke_kochi.html">"豆腐の梅酢づけ高知県 | うちの郷土料理：農林水産省"</a>. <i>www.maff.go.jp</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210524091402/https://www.maff.go.jp/j/keikaku/syokubunka/k_ryouri/search_menu/menu/tofunoumezuzuke_kochi.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.maff.go.jp&rft.atitle=%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%E3%81%AE%E6%A2%85%E9%85%A2%E3%81%A5%E3%81%91+%E9%AB%98%E7%9F%A5%E7%9C%8C+%7C+%E3%81%86%E3%81%A1%E3%81%AE%E9%83%B7%E5%9C%9F%E6%96%99%E7%90%86%EF%BC%9A%E8%BE%B2%E6%9E%97%E6%B0%B4%E7%94%A3%E7%9C%81&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maff.go.jp%2Fj%2Fkeikaku%2Fsyokubunka%2Fk_ryouri%2Fsearch_menu%2Fmenu%2Ftofunoumezuzuke_kochi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-日本豆腐協会│豆腐の歴史-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-日本豆腐協会│豆腐の歴史_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-日本豆腐協会│豆腐の歴史_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tofu-as.com/tofu/history/17.html">"日本豆腐協会│豆腐の歴史"</a>. <i>www.tofu-as.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418073336/http://www.tofu-as.com/tofu/history/17.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tofu-as.com&rft.atitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A%E2%94%82%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tofu-as.com%2Ftofu%2Fhistory%2F17.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.city.kochi.kochi.jp/akarui/rekishi/re1102.htm">"高知市歴史散歩"</a>. <i>www.city.kochi.kochi.jp</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210329072909/https://www.city.kochi.kochi.jp/akarui/rekishi/re1102.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.city.kochi.kochi.jp&rft.atitle=%E9%AB%98%E7%9F%A5%E5%B8%82%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2%E6%95%A3%E6%AD%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.city.kochi.kochi.jp%2Fakarui%2Frekishi%2Fre1102.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>A taste of Japan</i>, Donald Richie, <a href="/wiki/Kodansha" title="Kodansha">Kodansha</a>, 2001, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/4-7700-1707-3" title="Special:BookSources/4-7700-1707-3">4-7700-1707-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tofu-as.com/tofu/history/21.html">"日本豆腐協会│豆腐の歴史"</a>. <i>www.tofu-as.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019051154/http://www.tofu-as.com/tofu/history/21.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tofu-as.com&rft.atitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A%E2%94%82%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%E3%81%AE%E6%AD%B4%E5%8F%B2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tofu-as.com%2Ftofu%2Fhistory%2F21.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-franklin_to_bartram-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-franklin_to_bartram_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-17-02-0010">"From Benjamin Franklin to John Bartram, 11 January 1770"</a>. <i>Founders Online</i>. National Archives. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200920194426/https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Franklin/01-17-02-0010">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2020</span>. <q>I think we have Garavances with us; but I know not whether they are the same with these, which actually came from China, and are what the Tau-fu is made of.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Founders+Online&rft.atitle=From+Benjamin+Franklin+to+John+Bartram%2C+11+January+1770&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffounders.archives.gov%2Fdocuments%2FFranklin%2F01-17-02-0010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/ben-franklin-patriot-foodie-1-62350275">"History, Travel, Arts, Science, People, Places | Smithsonian"</a>. Smithsonianmag.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161012225439/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/ben-franklin-patriot-foodie-1-62350275/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History%2C+Travel%2C+Arts%2C+Science%2C+People%2C+Places+%26%23124%3B+Smithsonian&rft.pub=Smithsonianmag.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Farts-culture%2Fben-franklin-patriot-foodie-1-62350275&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soyinfocenter.com/chronologies_of_soyfoods-tofu.php">"Chronology of Tofu Worldwide"</a>. Soyinfocenter.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190602034742/http://www.soyinfocenter.com/chronologies_of_soyfoods-tofu.php">Archived</a> from the original on 2 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chronology+of+Tofu+Worldwide&rft.pub=Soyinfocenter.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soyinfocenter.com%2Fchronologies_of_soyfoods-tofu.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2013-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShurtleffAoyagi2013_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShurtleffAoyagi2013">Shurtleff & Aoyagi (2013)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kcrw.com/culture/shows/good-food/vegetarian-recipes-onions-veggie-burgers-fruit-seeds/hippie-food-book-jonathan-kauffman">How 'hippie food' went mainstream</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHouChangShih1997" class="citation journal cs1">Hou, H.J.; Chang, K.C.; Shih, M.C. (1 July 1997). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tofu-as.com&rft.atitle=%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%E5%8D%94%E4%BC%9A%E2%94%82%E8%B1%86%E8%85%90%E3%81%AE%E5%8E%9F%E6%96%99%E3%83%BB%E4%BD%9C%E3%82%8A%E6%96%B9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tofu-as.com%2Ftofu%2Fhowto%2F03.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaowaparkApichartsrangkoonBell2008" class="citation journal cs1">Saowapark, Suteera; Apichartsrangkoon, Arunee; Bell, Alan E. (1 April 2008). 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Chapter 9"</a>. Fao.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161021171607/http://www.fao.org/docrep/t0532e/t0532e10.htm#9.5">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(February 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/homestead/2005-February/004183.html">"[Homestead] Making tofu"</a>. Lists.ibiblio.org. 10 February 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200212172533/https://lists.ibiblio.org/pipermail/homestead/2005-February/004183.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012134431/http://english.tour2korea.com/03Sightseeing/DestinationsByThemes/Depth04.asp?sight=Sightseeing&sightseeing_id=430&ADDRESS_1=15741&ADDRESS_2=14104&ThemeCode=Sightseeing_13&kosm=m3_2"><i>Chodang Sundubu (watery tofu) Village</i></a>, Tour2Korea, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.tour2korea.com/03Sightseeing/DestinationsByThemes/Depth04.asp?sight=Sightseeing&sightseeing_id=430&ADDRESS_1=15741&ADDRESS_2=14104&ThemeCode=Sightseeing_13&kosm=m3_2">the original</a> on 12 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2008</span></cite><span 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FAO&rft.atitle=Awareness+about+%27okara%27+and+the+preference+for+ice+cream+with+%27okara%27+added+to+it&rft.aulast=Tsutsui&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fagris.fao.org%2Fagris-search%2Fsearch.do%3FrecordID%3DJP2008004603&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.netcooks.com/recipes/Salads/Burmese-Style.Tofu.html"><i>Burmese tofu recipe</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060326061745/http://www.netcooks.com/recipes/Salads/Burmese-Style.Tofu.html">archived</a> from the original on 26 March 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2006</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Burmese+tofu+recipe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.netcooks.com%2Frecipes%2FSalads%2FBurmese-Style.Tofu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF凤凰号2016" class="citation journal cs1">凤凰号 (20 October 2016). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Japanese-English+Bilingual+Corpus+of+Wikipedia%27s+Kyoto+Articles&rft.atitle=Tofu+%28bean+curd%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.japanese-wiki-corpus.org%2Fculture%2FTofu%2520%28bean%2520curd%29.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gifu-kiwami.jp/en/products/402/">"Komo dofu (tofu)"</a>. <i>The Best of Gifu</i>. 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Soyinfo Center. p. 3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180105011947/http://www.soyinfocenter.com/HSS/tofu3.php">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=History+of+Tofu+%27History+of+Tofu+in+South+and+Southeast+Asia%27&rft.btitle=History+of+Soybeans+and+Soyfoods%3A+1100+B.C.+to+the+1980s&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Soyinfo+Center&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Shurtleff&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Aoyagi%2C+Akiko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soyinfocenter.com%2FHSS%2Ftofu3.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Korean)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musoenara.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=board5&wr_id=778&page=8">두부 부침(필독)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180105180346/http://www.musoenara.com/bbs/board.php?bo_table=board5&wr_id=778&page=8">Archived</a> 2018-01-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>musoenara</i>. Accessed on May 14, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in English)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mykoreandiet.com/healthy-korean-food/simmered-tofu-tofu-jorim-dubu-jorim-dubu-ganjang-jorim.html">Dubu Jorim</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180217124214/http://www.mykoreandiet.com/healthy-korean-food/simmered-tofu-tofu-jorim-dubu-jorim-dubu-ganjang-jorim.html">Archived</a> 2018-02-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>,<i>mykoreandiet</i>. Accessed on May 12, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dubu_kimchi-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dubu_kimchi_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in English)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mykoreankitchen.com/2006/12/21/tofu-kimchi-dubu-kimchi-in-korean/">Dubu Kimchi</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160314083055/http://mykoreankitchen.com/2006/12/21/tofu-kimchi-dubu-kimchi-in-korean/">Archived</a> 2016-03-14 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>mykoreankitchen</i>. Accessed on May 12, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sundubu-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sundubu_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in English)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://koreanfood.about.com/od/soupsandstews/r/Soondubuchigae.htm">Spicy Korean Soft Tofu Stew (Soondubuchigae)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170213164044/http://koreanfood.about.com/od/soupsandstews/r/Soondubuchigae.htm">Archived</a> 2017-02-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>koreanfood</i>. Accessed on May 12, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oregonlive.com/cooking/2018/06/4_things_to_know_about_tofu.html">"Oregon Live"</a>. 5 June 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180620232137/https://www.oregonlive.com/cooking/2018/06/4_things_to_know_about_tofu.html">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oregon+Live&rft.date=2018-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fcooking%2F2018%2F06%2F4_things_to_know_about_tofu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMattoo" class="citation news cs1">Mattoo, Seema. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tofu-or-paneer-which-is-healthier/articleshow/48558653.cms">"Times of India"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180620232301/https://recipes.timesofindia.com/articles/health/tofu-or-paneer-which-is-healthier/articleshow/48558653.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Times+of+India&rft.aulast=Mattoo&rft.aufirst=Seema&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Ftofu-or-paneer-which-is-healthier%2Farticleshow%2F48558653.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FDADailyValues-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FDADailyValues_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_Food_and_Drug_Administration2024" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">United States Food and Drug Administration</a> (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels">"Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels"</a>. <i>FDA</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240327175201/https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-facts-label/daily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FDA&rft.atitle=Daily+Value+on+the+Nutrition+and+Supplement+Facts+Labels&rft.date=2024&rft.au=United+States+Food+and+Drug+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fda.gov%2Ffood%2Fnutrition-facts-label%2Fdaily-value-nutrition-and-supplement-facts-labels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_MedicineHealth_and_Medicine_DivisionFood_and_Nutrition_BoardCommittee_to_Review_the_Dietary_Reference_Intakes_for_Sodium_and_Potassium2019" class="citation book cs1">National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Health and Medicine Division; Food and Nutrition Board; Committee to Review the Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium (2019). Oria, Maria; Harrison, Meghan; Stallings, Virginia A. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538102/"><i>Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium</i></a>. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Washington, DC: National Academies Press (US). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-309-48834-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-309-48834-1"><bdi>978-0-309-48834-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30844154">30844154</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240509063633/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538102/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Sodium+and+Potassium&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=The+National+Academies+Collection%3A+Reports+funded+by+National+Institutes+of+Health&rft.pub=National+Academies+Press+%28US%29&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30844154&rft.isbn=978-0-309-48834-1&rft.au=National+Academies+of+Sciences%2C+Engineering%2C+and+Medicine&rft.au=Health+and+Medicine+Division&rft.au=Food+and+Nutrition+Board&rft.au=Committee+to+Review+the+Dietary+Reference+Intakes+for+Sodium+and+Potassium&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK538102%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nutritiondata.self.com/foods-tofu016000000000000000000.html">"tofu Nutrition Information in Legumes and Legume Products"</a>. Nutritiondata.self.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161007090225/http://nutritiondata.self.com/foods-tofu016000000000000000000.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=tofu+Nutrition+Information+in+Legumes+and+Legume+Products&rft.pub=Nutritiondata.self.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnutritiondata.self.com%2Ffoods-tofu016000000000000000000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAngLiuHuang1999[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_February_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(February_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAngLiuHuang1999[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_February_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(February_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAngLiuHuang1999">Ang, Liu & Huang (1999)</a>, p. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (February 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">T. D. Kai and C. G. Chang, "Dry Tofu Characteristics Affected by Soymilk Solid Content and Coagulation Time", North Dakota State University, 1996.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">K Saio, M Kamiya, T Watanabe. "Food processing characteristics of soybean 11S and 7S proteins. Part I. Effect of difference of protein components among soybean varieties on formation of tofu-gel". <i>Agricultural and Biological Chemistry</i>, 33 (1969), pp. 1301–1308</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndersonJohnstoneCook-Newell1995" class="citation cs2">Anderson, J. W.; Johnstone, B.M.; Cook-Newell, M.E. (1995), "Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Soy Protein Intake on Serum Lipids", <i>New England Journal of Medicine</i>, <b>333</b> (5): 276–282, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJM199508033330502">10.1056/NEJM199508033330502</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7596371">7596371</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+England+Journal+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Meta-Analysis+of+the+Effects+of+Soy+Protein+Intake+on+Serum+Lipids&rft.volume=333&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=276-282&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1056%2FNEJM199508033330502&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7596371&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=J.+W.&rft.au=Johnstone%2C+B.M.&rft.au=Cook-Newell%2C+M.E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAngLiuHuang1999" class="citation cs2">Ang, Catharina Y. W.; Liu, KeShun; Huang, Yao-Wen, eds. (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chipsbooks.com/asianfd.htm"><i>Asian Foods: Science & Technology</i></a>, Lancaster, Pennsylvania: Technomic Publishing Co., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060117215551/http://www.chipsbooks.com/asianfd.htm">archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2006</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asian+Foods%3A+Science+%26+Technology&rft.place=Lancaster%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=Technomic+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1999&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chipsbooks.com%2Fasianfd.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDu_Bois2008" class="citation book cs1">Du Bois, Christine M., Chee Beng Tan and Sidney Wilfred Mintz (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vmGVBlF8088C"><i>The World of Soy</i></a>. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-03341-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-03341-4"><bdi>978-0-252-03341-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230113110148/https://books.google.com/books?id=vmGVBlF8088C">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+of+Soy&rft.place=Urbana&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-252-03341-4&rft.aulast=Du+Bois&rft.aufirst=Christine+M.%2C+Chee+Beng+Tan+and+Sidney+Wilfred+Mintz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvmGVBlF8088C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuoOno2005" class="citation journal cs1">Guo, Shun-Tang; Ono, Tomotada (2005). "The Role of Composition and Content of Protein Particles in Soymilk on Tofu Curding by Glucono-δ-lactone or Calcium Sulfate". <i>Journal of Food Science</i>. <b>70</b> (4): 258–262. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2621.2005.tb07170.x">10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb07170.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Food+Science&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Composition+and+Content+of+Protein+Particles+in+Soymilk+on+Tofu+Curding+by+Glucono-%CE%B4-lactone+or+Calcium+Sulfate&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=258-262&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1365-2621.2005.tb07170.x&rft.aulast=Guo&rft.aufirst=Shun-Tang&rft.au=Ono%2C+Tomotada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiu2012" class="citation book cs1">Liu, KeShun (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SynoBwAAQBAJ"><i>Soybeans: Chemistry, Technology and Utilization</i></a>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4615-1763-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4615-1763-4"><bdi>978-1-4615-1763-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230113110148/https://books.google.com/books?id=SynoBwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Soybeans%3A+Chemistry%2C+Technology+and+Utilization&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4615-1763-4&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=KeShun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSynoBwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeedham" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Needham" title="Joseph Needham">Needham, Joseph</a>. <a href="/wiki/Science_and_Civilisation_in_China" title="Science and Civilisation in China"><i>Science and Civilisation in China</i></a>. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+and+Civilisation+in+China&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.aulast=Needham&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShurtleffAoyagi1998" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/William_Shurtleff" title="William Shurtleff">Shurtleff, William</a>; <a href="/wiki/Akiko_Aoyagi" title="Akiko Aoyagi">Aoyagi, Akiko</a> (1998), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k7yx0OYDWFEC&pg=PA93"><i>The book of tofu: protein source of the future-- now!</i></a>, Ten Speed Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58008-013-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58008-013-2"><bdi>978-1-58008-013-2</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230113110154/https://books.google.com/books?id=k7yx0OYDWFEC&pg=PA93">archived</a> from the original on 13 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+book+of+tofu%3A+protein+source+of+the+future--+now%21&rft.pub=Ten+Speed+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-1-58008-013-2&rft.aulast=Shurtleff&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Aoyagi%2C+Akiko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk7yx0OYDWFEC%26pg%3DPA93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShurtleffAoyagi2000" class="citation book cs1">Shurtleff, William; Aoyagi, Akiko (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sYUq27wYcKMC"><i>Tofu & soymilk production: a craft and technical manual</i></a> (3rd ed.). Lafayette, California: Soyfoods Center. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-928914-04-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-928914-04-4"><bdi>978-1-928914-04-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170324105936/https://books.google.com/books?id=sYUq27wYcKMC">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tofu+%26+soymilk+production%3A+a+craft+and+technical+manual&rft.place=Lafayette%2C+California&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Soyfoods+Center&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-928914-04-4&rft.aulast=Shurtleff&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Aoyagi%2C+Akiko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsYUq27wYcKMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShurtleffAoyagi2004d" class="citation book cs1">Shurtleff, William; Aoyagi, Akiko (2004d). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soyinfocenter.com/HSS/tofu1.php">"Chapter 36: History of Tofu"</a>. <i>History of Soybeans and Soyfoods: 1100 B.C. to the 1980s, Volume IV, The History of Traditional Non-Fermented Soyfoods</i>. Soyinfo Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110623120444/http://www.soyinfocenter.com/HSS/tofu1.php">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+36%3A+History+of+Tofu&rft.btitle=History+of+Soybeans+and+Soyfoods%3A+1100+B.C.+to+the+1980s%2C+Volume+IV%2C+The+History+of+Traditional+Non-Fermented+Soyfoods&rft.pub=Soyinfo+Center&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Shurtleff&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Aoyagi%2C+Akiko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soyinfocenter.com%2FHSS%2Ftofu1.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShurtleffAoyagi2004e" class="citation book cs1">Shurtleff, William; Aoyagi, Akiko (2004e). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soyinfocenter.com/HSS/fermented_tofu1.php">"Chapter 44: History of Fermented Tofu (to Nov. 1985)"</a>. <i>History of Soybeans and Soyfoods: 1100 B.C. to the 1980s, Volume V, The History of Traditional Fermented Soyfoods</i>. Soyinfo Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071111234249/http://www.soyinfocenter.com/HSS/fermented_tofu1.php">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 January</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+44%3A+History+of+Fermented+Tofu+%28to+Nov.+1985%29&rft.btitle=History+of+Soybeans+and+Soyfoods%3A+1100+B.C.+to+the+1980s%2C+Volume+V%2C+The+History+of+Traditional+Fermented+Soyfoods&rft.pub=Soyinfo+Center&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Shurtleff&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Aoyagi%2C+Akiko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soyinfocenter.com%2FHSS%2Ffermented_tofu1.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShurtleffAoyagi2005" class="citation cs2">Shurtleff, William; Aoyagi, Akiko (2005), <i>Dou fu zhi shu (The book of tofu)</i>, Taibei Shi, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-986-81319-1-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-986-81319-1-0"><bdi>978-986-81319-1-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dou+fu+zhi+shu+%28The+book+of+tofu%29&rft.pub=Taibei+Shi&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-986-81319-1-0&rft.aulast=Shurtleff&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Aoyagi%2C+Akiko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span>. (In Chinese.)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShurtleffAoyagi2013" class="citation cs2">Shurtleff, William; Aoyagi, Akiko (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soyinfocenter.com/books/163"><i>History of Tofu and Tofu Products (965 CE to 2013)</i></a>, Lafayette, California: Soyinfo Center, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-928914-55-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-928914-55-6"><bdi>978-1-928914-55-6</bdi></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130903054656/http://www.soyinfocenter.com/books/163">archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 June</span> 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Tofu+and+Tofu+Products+%28965+CE+to+2013%29&rft.place=Lafayette%2C+California&rft.pub=Soyinfo+Center&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-928914-55-6&rft.aulast=Shurtleff&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Aoyagi%2C+Akiko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soyinfocenter.com%2Fbooks%2F163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Endymion_Wilkinson" title="Endymion Wilkinson">Wilkinson, Endymion</a> (2015). <i>Chinese History: A New Manual</i> (4th ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Asia Center. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-08846-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-08846-7"><bdi>978-0-674-08846-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+History%3A+A+New+Manual&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Mass.&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Asia+Center&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-674-08846-7&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Endymion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerk1992" class="citation cs2">Berk, Zeki (1992), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fao.org/docrep/t0532e/t0532e00.htm"><i>Technology of production of edible flours and protein products from soybeans</i></a>, FAO agricultural services bulletin, vol. 97, Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-5-103118-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-5-103118-6"><bdi>978-92-5-103118-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Technology+of+production+of+edible+flours+and+protein+products+from+soybeans&rft.place=Rome&rft.series=FAO+agricultural+services+bulletin&rft.pub=Food+and+Agriculture+Organization+of+the+United+Nations&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-92-5-103118-6&rft.aulast=Berk&rft.aufirst=Zeki&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fao.org%2Fdocrep%2Ft0532e%2Ft0532e00.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li>Knopper, Melissa. (Jan 2002), <i>The joy of soy</i>, The Rotarian, Vol. 180, No. 1, p. 16, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0035-838X">0035-838X</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitePetrovitchRossMasaki2000" class="citation cs2">White, L. R.; Petrovitch, H.; Ross, G. W.; Masaki, K.; Hardman, J.; Nelson, J.; Davis, D.; Markesbery, W. (1 April 2000), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080723120819/http://www.jacn.org/cgi/content/full/19/2/242">"Brain aging and midlife tofu consumption"</a>, <i>Journal of the American College of Nutrition</i>, <b>19</b> (2): 242–255, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F07315724.2000.10718923">10.1080/07315724.2000.10718923</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10763906">10763906</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:15343026">15343026</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jacn.org/cgi/content/full/19/2/242">the original</a> on 23 July 2008</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Brain+aging+and+midlife+tofu+consumption&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=242-255&rft.date=2000-04-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A15343026%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10763906&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F07315724.2000.10718923&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=L.+R.&rft.au=Petrovitch%2C+H.&rft.au=Ross%2C+G.+W.&rft.au=Masaki%2C+K.&rft.au=Hardman%2C+J.&rft.au=Nelson%2C+J.&rft.au=Davis%2C+D.&rft.au=Markesbery%2C+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jacn.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Ffull%2F19%2F2%2F242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATofu" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tofu&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Tofu</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tofu" class="extiw" title="wikt:tofu">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tofu" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Tofu">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Tofu" class="extiw" title="b:Cookbook:Tofu">Recipes</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177378" class="extiw" title="d:Q177378">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JTr-ouCbL2AC&dq=dou+fu+contains+calcium&pg=PA801"><i>The Oxford companion to food</i> Alan Davidson, Tom Jaine</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Japanese_food_and_drink" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Japanese_food_and_drink" title="Template:Japanese food and drink"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Japanese_food_and_drink" title="Template talk:Japanese food and drink"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese_food_and_drink" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Japanese food and drink"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Japanese_food_and_drink" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Japanese food and drink</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shushoku</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_rice" title="Japanese rice">Rice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chahan_(dish)" title="Chahan (dish)">Chahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_curry" title="Japanese curry">Curry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katsu_curry" title="Katsu curry">Katsu curry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glutinous_rice" title="Glutinous rice">Glutinous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germinated_brown_rice" title="Germinated brown rice">Hatsuga genmai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congee" title="Congee">Kayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donburi" title="Donburi">Donmono</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABkadon" title="Chūkadon">Chūkadon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gy%C5%ABdon" title="Gyūdon">Gyūdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katsudon" title="Katsudon">Katsudon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyakodon" title="Oyakodon">Oyakodon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekkadon" title="Tekkadon">Tekkadon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenshindon" title="Tenshindon">Tenshindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unadon" title="Unadon">Unadon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayashi_rice" title="Hayashi rice">Hayashi rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichij%C5%AB-sansai" title="Ichijū-sansai">Ichijū-sansai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okowa" title="Okowa">Okowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onigiri" title="Onigiri">Onigiri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tenmusu" title="Tenmusu">Tenmusu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omurice" title="Omurice">Omurice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sushi" title="Sushi">Sushi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_sushi" title="History of sushi">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_sushi" title="Sustainable sushi">Sustainable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_bean_rice" title="Red bean rice">Sekihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takikomi_gohan" title="Takikomi gohan">Takikomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zosui" title="Zosui">Zosui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_noodles" title="Japanese noodles">Noodles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellophane_noodles#Japan" title="Cellophane noodles">Harusame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiyamugi" title="Hiyamugi">Hiyamugi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiyashi_ch%C5%ABka" title="Hiyashi chūka">Hiyashi chūka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramen" title="Ramen">Ramen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Champon" title="Champon">Champon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kagoshima_ramen" title="Kagoshima ramen">Kagoshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muroran_curry_ramen" title="Muroran curry ramen">Muroran curry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandan_noodles#Related_dishes" title="Dandan noodles">Tantan-men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonkotsu_ramen" title="Tonkotsu ramen">Tonkotsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsukemen" title="Tsukemen">Tsukemen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirataki_noodles" title="Shirataki noodles">Shirataki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soba" title="Soba">Soba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawa_soba" title="Okinawa soba">Okinawa soba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soki" title="Soki">Soki</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dmen" title="Sōmen">Sōmen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dmen_salad" title="Sōmen salad">Salad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udon" title="Udon">Udon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yaki_udon" title="Yaki udon">Yakiudon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakisoba" title="Yakisoba">Yakisoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dt%C5%8D" title="Hōtō">Hōtō</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Konamono</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monjayaki" title="Monjayaki">Monjayaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okonomiyaki" title="Okonomiyaki">Okonomiyaki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hirayachi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hirayachi">Hirayachi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takoyaki" title="Takoyaki">Takoyaki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bread</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anpan" title="Anpan">Anpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_bread" title="Curry bread">Curry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melonpan" title="Melonpan">Melonpan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_milk_bread" title="Japanese milk bread">Milk bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_roux" class="mw-redirect" title="Water roux">Yudane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Okazu" title="Okazu">Okazu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agedashi_d%C5%8Dfu" title="Agedashi dōfu">Agedashi dōfu</a></li> <li>Agemono <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Furai" title="Furai">Furai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaage" title="Karaage">Karaage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korokke" title="Korokke">Korokke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushikatsu" title="Kushikatsu">Kushikatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsuma-age" title="Satsuma-age">Satsuma-age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempura" title="Tempura">Tempura</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chawanmushi" title="Chawanmushi">Chawanmushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gari_(ginger)" title="Gari (ginger)">Gari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiaozi#Gyōza" title="Jiaozi">Gyōza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakuni" title="Kakuni">Kakuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabemono" title="Nabemono">Nabemono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namasu_(Food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Namasu (Food)">Namasu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natt%C5%8D" title="Nattō">Nattō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikujaga" title="Nikujaga">Nikujaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oden" title="Oden">Oden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onsen_tamago" title="Onsen tamago">Onsen tamago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sashimi" title="Sashimi">Sashimi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fugu" title="Fugu">Fugusashi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabu-shabu" title="Shabu-shabu">Shabu-shabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiokara" title="Shiokara">Shiokara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukiyaki" title="Sukiyaki">Sukiyaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamagoyaki" title="Tamagoyaki">Tamagoyaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokoroten" title="Tokoroten">Tokoroten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonkatsu" title="Tonkatsu">Tonkatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tororo_(food)" title="Tororo (food)">Tororo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsukemono" title="Tsukemono">Tsukemono</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nukazuke" title="Nukazuke">Nukazuke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takuan" title="Takuan">Takuan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsukudani" title="Tsukudani">Tsukudani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsukune" title="Tsukune">Tsukune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakiniku" title="Yakiniku">Yakiniku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakitori" title="Yakitori">Yakitori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soup<br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_soups_and_stews" title="List of Japanese soups and stews">Shirumono</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butajiru" title="Butajiru">Butajiru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenchin-jiru" title="Kenchin-jiru">Kenchin-jiru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miso_soup" title="Miso soup">Miso soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suimono" class="mw-redirect" title="Suimono">Suimono</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%B8%E3%81%84%E7%89%A9" class="extiw" title="ja:吸い物">ja</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Set menu</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bento" title="Bento">Bento</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ekiben" title="Ekiben">Ekiben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyaraben" title="Kyaraben">Kyaraben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makunouchi" title="Makunouchi">Makunouchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wappameshi" title="Wappameshi">Wappameshi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honzen-ry%C5%8Dri" title="Honzen-ryōri">Honzen-ryōri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%ABbako" title="Jūbako">Jūbako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiseki" title="Kaiseki">Kaiseki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osechi" title="Osechi">Osechi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alcoholic beverage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sake" title="Sake">Sake</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazake" title="Amazake">Amazake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigori" title="Nigori">Nigori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toso" title="Toso">Toso</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%AB" title="Shōchū">Shōchū</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awamori" title="Awamori">Awamori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habushu" title="Habushu">Habushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umeshu" title="Umeshu">Umeshu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_tea#Japan" title="Green tea">Green tea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_tea_in_Japan" title="History of tea in Japan">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bancha" title="Bancha">Bancha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyokuro" title="Gyokuro">Gyokuro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Djicha" title="Hōjicha">Hōjicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabuse_tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabuse tea">Kabuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukicha" title="Kukicha">Kukicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matcha" title="Matcha">Matcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sencha" title="Sencha">Sencha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uji_tea" title="Uji tea">Uji</a></li></ul></li> <li>Herbal tea <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genmaicha" title="Genmaicha">Genmaicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckwheat_tea" title="Buckwheat tea">Sobacha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelp_tea" title="Kelp tea">Kombu-cha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barley_tea" title="Barley tea">Mugicha</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soft drinks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramune" title="Ramune">Ramune</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquarius_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquarius (beverage)">Aquarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C.C._Lemon" title="C.C. Lemon">C.C. Lemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calpis" title="Calpis">Calpis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canned_coffee" title="Canned coffee">Canned coffee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boss_Coffee" title="Boss Coffee">Boss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(coffee)" title="Georgia (coffee)">Georgia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipovitan" title="Lipovitan">Lipovitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oronamin_C" title="Oronamin C">Oronamin C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocari_Sweat" title="Pocari Sweat">Pocari Sweat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakult" title="Yakult">Yakult</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Snacks /<br />desserts/<br /> <a href="/wiki/Wagashi" title="Wagashi">Wagashi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amanatt%C5%8D" title="Amanattō">Amanattō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botan_Rice_Candy" title="Botan Rice Candy">Botan Rice Candy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daifuku" title="Daifuku">Daifuku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dango" title="Dango">Dango</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chichi_dango" title="Chichi dango">Chichi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kibi_dango_(millet_dumpling)" title="Kibi dango (millet dumpling)">Kibi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorayaki" title="Dorayaki">Dorayaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karukan" title="Karukan">Karukan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konpeit%C5%8D" title="Konpeitō">Konpeitō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manj%C5%AB" title="Manjū">Manjū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mochi" title="Mochi">Mochi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agemochi" title="Agemochi">Agemochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goheimochi" title="Goheimochi">Goheimochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kankoro_Mochi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kankoro Mochi">Kankoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuzumochi" title="Kuzumochi">Kuzumochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zunda-mochi" title="Zunda-mochi">Zunda-mochi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senbei" title="Senbei">Senbei</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arare_(food)" title="Arare (food)">Arare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiruko" title="Shiruko">Shiruko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiyaki" title="Taiyaki">Taiyaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uir%C5%8D" title="Uirō">Uirō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warabimochi" title="Warabimochi">Warabimochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dkan" title="Yōkan">Yōkan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fruits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Square_watermelon" title="Square watermelon">Square watermelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yubari_King" title="Yubari King">Yubari King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Roman" title="Ruby Roman">Ruby Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shine_Muscat" title="Shine Muscat">Shine Muscat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ingredients /<br />condiments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Red_bean_paste" title="Red bean paste">Anko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_laver" title="Green laver">Aonori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_shoot" title="Bamboo shoot">Bamboo shoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beni_sh%C5%8Dga" title="Beni shōga">Beni shōga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctium" title="Arctium">Burdock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daikon" title="Daikon">Daikon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sakurajima_radish" title="Sakurajima radish">Sakurajima</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dashi" title="Dashi">Dashi</a></li> <li>Fish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamaboko" title="Kamaboko">Kamaboko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollock_roe" title="Pollock roe">Mentaiko / tarako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surimi" title="Surimi">Surimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobiko" title="Tobiko">Tobiko</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijiki" title="Hijiki">Hijiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanzuri" title="Kanzuri">Kanzuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karashi" title="Karashi">Karashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katsuobushi" title="Katsuobushi">Katsuobushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kombu" title="Kombu">Kombu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konjac" class="mw-redirect" title="Konjac">Konnyaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuromitsu" title="Kuromitsu">Kuromitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudzu_powder" title="Kudzu powder">Kuzuko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayonnaise#Japan" title="Mayonnaise">Mayonnaise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menma" title="Menma">Menma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirin" title="Mirin">Mirin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miso" title="Miso">Miso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monosodium_glutamate" title="Monosodium glutamate">MSG</a></li> <li>Mushrooms <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flammulina_filiformis" title="Flammulina filiformis">Enokitake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matsutake" title="Matsutake">Matsutake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiitake" title="Shiitake">Shiitake</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myoga" title="Myoga">Myoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nori" title="Nori">Nori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sake_kasu" title="Sake kasu">Sake kasu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bread_crumbs#Panko" class="mw-redirect" title="Bread crumbs">Panko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum#Japanese_cuisine" title="Zanthoxylum piperitum">Sansyō</a></li> <li>Sauce <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ponzu" title="Ponzu">Ponzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">Soy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tare_sauce" title="Tare sauce">Tare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonkatsu_sauce" title="Tonkatsu sauce">Tonkatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcestershire_sauce#Japan" title="Worcestershire sauce">Worcestershire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_oil" title="Sesame oil">Sesame oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shichimi" title="Shichimi">Shichimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiso" title="Shiso">Shiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenkasu" title="Tenkasu">Tenkasu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tofu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umeboshi" title="Umeboshi">Umeboshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasabi" title="Wasabi">Wasabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzu" title="Yuzu">Yuzu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yuzu_kosh%C5%8D" title="Yuzu koshō">Yuzu koshō</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_cooking_utensils" title="List of Japanese cooking utensils">Utensils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rice_cooker" title="Rice cooker">Rice cooker</a></li> <li>Knives <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deba_b%C5%8Dch%C5%8D" title="Deba bōchō">Deba bōchō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chef%27s_knife" title="Chef's knife">Gyuto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_kitchen_knife" title="Japanese kitchen knife">Kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maguro_b%C5%8Dch%C5%8D" title="Maguro bōchō">Maguro bōchō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakiri_b%C5%8Dch%C5%8D" title="Nakiri bōchō">Nakiri bōchō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santoku" title="Santoku">Santoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sashimi_b%C5%8Dch%C5%8D" title="Sashimi bōchō">Sashimi bōchō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usuba_b%C5%8Dch%C5%8D" title="Usuba bōchō">Usuba bōchō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanagi_ba" title="Yanagi ba">Yanagi ba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamoji" class="mw-redirect" title="Shamoji">Shamoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suribachi" title="Suribachi">Suribachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaru" title="Zaru">Zaru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_condiments" title="List of Japanese condiments">Condiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_desserts_and_sweets" title="List of Japanese desserts and sweets">Desserts and sweets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_dishes" title="List of Japanese dishes">Dishes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ramen_dishes" title="List of ramen dishes">Ramen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_soups_and_stews" title="List of Japanese soups and stews">Soups and stews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_snacks" title="List of Japanese snacks">Snacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sushi_and_sashimi_ingredients" title="List of sushi and sashimi ingredients">Sushi and sashimi ingredients</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinmi" title="Chinmi">Chinmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiseki" title="Kaiseki">Kaiseki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omakase" title="Omakase">Omakase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teppanyaki" title="Teppanyaki">Teppanyaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusanhin" title="Tokusanhin">Tokusanhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teriyaki" title="Teriyaki">Teriyaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umami" title="Umami">Umami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customs_and_etiquette_in_Japanese_dining" title="Customs and etiquette in Japanese dining">Customs and etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_cuisine" title="Okinawan cuisine">Okinawan cuisine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese_cuisine" title="Category:Japanese cuisine">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Human_nutrition_and_healthy_diets" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Diets" title="Template:Diets"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Diets" title="Template talk:Diets"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Diets" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Diets"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Human_nutrition_and_healthy_diets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Human_nutrition" title="Human nutrition">Human nutrition</a> and <a href="/wiki/Healthy_diet" title="Healthy diet">healthy diets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">Main articles</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Diet_(nutrition)" title="Diet (nutrition)">Diet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dieting" title="Dieting">Dieting</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cuisine" title="Cuisine">Cuisine</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dietitian" title="Dietitian">Dietitian</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hunger_(motivational_state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunger (motivational state)">Hunger</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leptin" title="Leptin">Leptin</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Meal" title="Meal">Meal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nutrition" title="Nutrition">Nutrition</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">Obesity</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Staple_food" title="Staple food">Staple food</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dieting" title="Dieting">Dieting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basic types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omnivore" title="Omnivore">Omnivore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant-based_diet" title="Plant-based diet">Plant-based</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional diets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_pattern_diet" title="Western pattern diet">Western</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_diet" title="Mediterranean diet">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_diet" title="Atlantic diet"> Atlantic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_diet" title="Sustainable diet">Sustainable diets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low-carbon_diet" title="Low-carbon diet">Low carbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_health_diet" title="Planetary health diet">Planetary health</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious diets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_cuisine" title="Buddhist cuisine">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_dietary_laws" title="Christian dietary laws">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Hinduism" title="Diet in Hinduism">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_dietary_laws" title="Islamic dietary laws">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_vegetarianism" title="Jain vegetarianism">Jain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ital" title="Ital">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Sikhism" title="Diet in Sikhism">Sikh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">veganism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fruitarianism" title="Fruitarianism">Fruitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_analogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Meat analogue">Meat analogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_substitute" title="Milk substitute">Milk substitute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_veganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Raw veganism">Raw vegan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tofu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Semi-vegetarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-vegetarianism">Semi-vegetarianism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lacto-ovo_vegetarianism" title="Lacto-ovo vegetarianism">Ovo-lacto vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pescetarianism" title="Pescetarianism">Pescetarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollotarianism" title="Pollotarianism">Pollotarian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dietary_supplement" title="Dietary supplement">Supplement diets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodybuilding_supplement" title="Bodybuilding supplement">Bodybuilding supplements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meal_replacement" title="Meal replacement">Meal replacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_food" title="Therapeutic food">Therapeutic food</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-solid diets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_diet" title="Liquid diet">Liquid diets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Very-low-calorie_diet" title="Very-low-calorie diet">Very-low-calorie diet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specific <br />restrictions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calorie_restriction" title="Calorie restriction">Calorie restriction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_diet" title="Cardiac diet">Cardiac diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diabetic_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Diabetic diet">Diabetic diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elimination_diet" title="Elimination diet">Elimination diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluid_restriction_diet" title="Fluid restriction diet">Fluid restriction diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gluten-free_diet" title="Gluten-free diet">Gluten-free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gluten-free,_casein-free_diet" title="Gluten-free, casein-free diet">Gluten-free and casein-free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermittent_fasting" title="Intermittent fasting">Intermittent fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_sodium_diet" title="Low sodium diet">Low-sodium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-FODMAP_diet" title="Low-FODMAP diet">Low-FODMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-carbohydrate_diet" title="Low-carbohydrate diet">Low-carbohydrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-fat_diet" title="Low-fat diet">Low-fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-fiber/low-residue_diet" title="Low-fiber/low-residue diet">Low-fiber/low-residue diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-protein_diet" title="Low-protein diet">Low-protein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monotrophic_diet" title="Monotrophic diet">Monotrophic diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nothing_by_mouth" title="Nothing by mouth">NPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renal_diet" title="Renal diet">Renal diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_diet" title="Soft diet">Soft diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specific_carbohydrate_diet" title="Specific carbohydrate diet">Specific carbohydrate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other diets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Entomophagy_in_humans" title="Entomophagy in humans">Entomophagy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_ball_diet" title="Cotton ball diet">Cotton ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pica_(disorder)" title="Pica (disorder)">Pica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DASH_diet" title="DASH diet">DASH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_cuisine" title="Inuit cuisine">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIND_diet" title="MIND diet">MIND</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermittent_fasting" title="Intermittent fasting">Time Restricted Eating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_diet" title="Liquid diet">Liquid diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninja_diet" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninja diet">Ninja diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_foodism" title="Raw foodism">Raw foodism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_military_nutrition_in_the_United_States" title="History of military nutrition in the United States">U.S. military</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fad_diet" title="Fad diet">Fad diets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Cambridge_Diet" title="The Cambridge Diet">Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrobiotic_diet" title="Macrobiotic diet">Macrobiotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Cleanse" title="Master Cleanse">Master Cleanse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junk_food" title="Junk food">Junk food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superfood" title="Superfood">Superfood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_4-Hour_Body" title="The 4-Hour Body">Slow-Carb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_diets" title="List of diets">List of diets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diet_food" title="Diet food">Diet food</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_nutrition" title="Human nutrition">Nutrition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">Amino acids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alanine" title="Alanine">Alanine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arginine" title="Arginine">Arginine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asparagine" title="Asparagine">Asparagine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspartic_acid" title="Aspartic acid">Aspartic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cysteine" title="Cysteine">Cysteine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glutamic_acid" title="Glutamic acid">Glutamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glutamine" title="Glutamine">Glutamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycine" title="Glycine">Glycine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histidine" title="Histidine">Histidine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isoleucine" title="Isoleucine">Isoleucine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucine" title="Leucine">Leucine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysine" title="Lysine">Lysine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methionine" title="Methionine">Methionine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylalanine" title="Phenylalanine">Phenylalanine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proline" title="Proline">Proline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selenocysteine" title="Selenocysteine">Selenocysteine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serine" title="Serine">Serine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threonine" title="Threonine">Threonine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tryptophan" title="Tryptophan">Tryptophan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrosine" title="Tyrosine">Tyrosine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valine" title="Valine">Valine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_A" title="Vitamin A">Vitamin A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Vitamin B<sub>1</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Vitamin B<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niacin_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (nutrient)">Vitamin B<sub>3</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantothenic_acid" title="Pantothenic acid">Vitamin B<sub>5</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">Vitamin B<sub>6</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biotin" title="Biotin">Vitamin B<sub>7</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">Vitamin B<sub>9</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B12" title="Vitamin B12">Vitamin B<sub>12</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_D" title="Vitamin D">Vitamin D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">Vitamin E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K" title="Vitamin K">Vitamin K</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">Minerals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Chlorine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">Chromium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Cobalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper_in_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Copper in health">Copper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodine_in_biology" title="Iodine in biology">Iodine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">Magnesium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">Manganese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">Molybdenum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Nickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selenium_in_biology" title="Selenium in biology">Selenium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">Vanadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Nutritional <br />advice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5_A_Day" title="5 A Day">5 A Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dairy_Council_of_California" title="Dairy Council of California">Dairy Council of California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_pyramid_(nutrition)" title="Food pyramid (nutrition)">Food pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruits_%26_Veggies_%E2%80%93_More_Matters" title="Fruits & Veggies – More Matters">Fruits & Veggies – More Matters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthy_eating_pyramid" title="Healthy eating pyramid">Healthy eating pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Diet_Pyramid" title="Latin American Diet Pyramid">Latin American Diet Pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_paradox" title="French paradox">French paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Diet_Pyramid" title="Mediterranean Diet Pyramid">Mediterranean Diet Pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MyPlate" title="MyPlate">MyPlate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MyPyramid" title="MyPyramid">MyPyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Diet_Pyramid" title="Vegetarian Diet Pyramid">Vegetarian Diet Pyramid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;;font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Diets" title="Category:Diets">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Diet" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Diet">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikibooks page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Category:Diets" class="extiw" title="b:Category:Diets">Cookbook</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal,</a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Contents/Categories/Health_and_fitness" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Contents/Categories/Health and fitness">Health and fitness portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Soy_(Glycine_max)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Soy" title="Template:Soy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Soy" title="Template talk:Soy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Soy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Soy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Soy_(Glycine_max)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">Soy</a> (<i>Glycine max</i>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soy_allergy" title="Soy allergy">Soy allergy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_candle" title="Soy candle">Soy candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_ink" title="Soy ink">Soy ink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_molasses" title="Soy molasses">Soy molasses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_paint" title="Soy paint">Soy paint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_protein" title="Soy protein">Soy protein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">Soybean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_soybean_diseases" title="List of soybean diseases">Diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soybean_meal" title="Soybean meal">Soybean meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soybean_oil" title="Soybean oil">Soybean oil</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Soybean.USDA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Soybean.USDA.jpg/80px-Soybean.USDA.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Soybean.USDA.jpg/120px-Soybean.USDA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Soybean.USDA.jpg/160px-Soybean.USDA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="951" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soy-based<br />dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_soy-based_foods" title="List of soy-based foods">List of soy-based foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aburaage" class="mw-redirect" title="Aburaage">Aburaage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agedashi_tofu" class="mw-redirect" title="Agedashi tofu">Agedashi tofu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bai_ye" class="mw-redirect" title="Bai ye">Bai ye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douhua" title="Douhua">Douhua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubu_kimchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubu kimchi">Dubu kimchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edamame" title="Edamame">Edamame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiyayakko" title="Hiyayakko">Hiyayakko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongguksu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kongguksu">Kongguksu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongnamul" class="mw-redirect" title="Kongnamul">Kongnamul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapo_doufu" class="mw-redirect" title="Mapo doufu">Mapo doufu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miso_soup" title="Miso soup">Miso soup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundubu_jjigae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sundubu jjigae">Sundubu jjigae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahu_goreng" title="Tahu goreng">Tahu goreng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofu_skin_roll" title="Tofu skin roll">Tofu skin roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yong_tau_foo" title="Yong tau foo">Yong tau foo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_milk" title="Plant milk">Plant milk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soy_milk" title="Soy milk">Soy milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_yogurt" title="Soy yogurt">Soy yogurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_cheese" title="Vegan cheese">Vegan cheese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meat_analogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Meat analogue">Meat analogues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beanfeast" title="Beanfeast">Beanfeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempeh" title="Tempeh">Tempeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textured_vegetable_protein" title="Textured vegetable protein">Textured vegetable protein</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tofu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofurkey" title="Tofurkey">Tofurkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_hot_dog" title="Vegetarian hot dog">Vegetarian hot dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veggie_burger" title="Veggie burger">Veggie burger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sauces and<br />condiments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">Soy sauce</a> based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganjang" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganjang">Ganjang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponzu" title="Ponzu">Ponzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_soy_sauce" title="Sweet soy sauce">Sweet soy sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce#Japanese" title="Soy sauce">Tamari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teriyaki" title="Teriyaki">Teriyaki</a></li> <li>Tsuyu</li> <li>Yìn yóu</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pastes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doenjang" title="Doenjang">Doenjang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubanjiang" title="Doubanjiang">Doubanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miso" title="Miso">Miso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_bean_sauce" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweet bean sauce">Sweet bean sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_soybean_paste" title="Yellow soybean paste">Yellow soybean paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Tương">Tương</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fermented bean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhuni" title="Akhuni">Akhuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fermented_bean_curd" title="Fermented bean curd">Fermented bean curd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douchi" title="Douchi">Douchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinema" title="Kinema">Kinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauco" title="Tauco">Tauco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natt%C5%8D" title="Nattō">Nattō</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other foods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mamenori" title="Mamenori">Mamenori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_tofu" title="Mao tofu">Mao tofu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oncom" title="Oncom">Oncom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soybean#Flour" title="Soybean">Soy flour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soybean#Infant_formula" title="Soybean">Soy milk based infant formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_nut" title="Soy nut">Soy nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_pulp" class="mw-redirect" title="Soy pulp">Soy pulp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stinky_tofu" title="Stinky tofu">Stinky tofu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofu_skin" title="Tofu skin">Tofu skin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fermented_soy_products" title="List of fermented soy products">List of fermented soy products</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Biochemicals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phytoestrogens" class="mw-redirect" title="Phytoestrogens">Phytoestrogens</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genistein" title="Genistein">Genistein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genistin" title="Genistin">Genistin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycitein" title="Glycitein">Glycitein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycitin" title="Glycitin">Glycitin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ononin" title="Ononin">Ononin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daidzein" title="Daidzein">Daidzein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equol" title="Equol">Equol</a> (metabolite)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-Desmethylangolensin" title="O-Desmethylangolensin">O-DMA</a> (metabolite)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daidzin" title="Daidzin">Daidzin</a> (leaves)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Globulins (proteins)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beta-conglycinin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beta-conglycinin (page does not exist)">Beta-conglycinin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glycinin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glycinin (page does not exist)">Glycinin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phytohaemagglutinin" title="Phytohaemagglutinin">PHAs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lectin" title="Lectin">lectins</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soybean_agglutinin" title="Soybean agglutinin">Soybean agglutinin</a> (lectin)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Enzymes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beta-amylase" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta-amylase">Beta-amylase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipoxygenase" title="Lipoxygenase">Lipoxygenase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cysteine_protease" title="Cysteine protease">Cysteine proteases</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trypsin_inhibitor" title="Trypsin inhibitor">Trypsin inhibitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kunitz_inhibitor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kunitz inhibitor (page does not exist)">Kunitz inhibitor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bowman-Birk_inhibitor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bowman-Birk inhibitor (page does not exist)">Bowman-Birk inhibitor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soy_lecithin" class="mw-redirect" title="Soy lecithin">Soy lecithin</a> (mix of <a href="/wiki/Phospholipid" title="Phospholipid">Phospholipids</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunasin" title="Lunasin">Lunasin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unsaponifiable" class="mw-redirect" title="Unsaponifiable">Unsaponifiables</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tocopherol" title="Tocopherol">Tocopherols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterols" class="mw-redirect" title="Sterols">Sterols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antinutrient" title="Antinutrient">Antinutrients</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phytates" class="mw-redirect" title="Phytates">Phytates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protease_Inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Protease Inhibitors">Protease Inhibitors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cystatin" title="Cystatin">Cystatins</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8th_Continent" title="8th Continent">8th Continent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpro" title="Alpro">Alpro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boca_Burger" title="Boca Burger">Boca Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardenburger" title="Gardenburger">Gardenburger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kikkoman" title="Kikkoman">Kikkoman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morningstar_Farms" title="Morningstar Farms">Morningstar Farms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr_Bean_(company)" title="Mr Bean (company)">Mr Bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plamil_Foods" title="Plamil Foods">Plamil Foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_(brand)" title="Silk (brand)">Silk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/So_Good_(soy_beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="So Good (soy beverage)">So Good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofutti" title="Tofutti">Tofutti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitasoy" title="Vitasoy">Vitasoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamasa" title="Yamasa">Yamasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeo_Hiap_Seng" title="Yeo Hiap Seng">Yeo Hiap Seng</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Diet_for_a_Small_Planet" title="Diet for a Small Planet">Diet for a Small Planet</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kikkoman_Soy_Sauce_Museum" title="Kikkoman Soy Sauce Museum">Kikkoman Soy Sauce Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shurtleff" title="William Shurtleff">William Shurtleff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Akiko_Aoyagi" title="Akiko Aoyagi">Akiko Aoyagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuasa,_Wakayama" title="Yuasa, Wakayama">Yuasa</a>, artisan town of historic soy sauce distilleries</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Soybeans" title="Category:Soybeans">Category: Soybeans</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Veganism_and_vegetarianism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Veganism_and_vegetarianism" title="Template:Veganism and vegetarianism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Veganism_and_vegetarianism" title="Template talk:Veganism and vegetarianism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Veganism_and_vegetarianism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Veganism and vegetarianism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Veganism_and_vegetarianism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">vegetarianism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perspectives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Veganism" title="Veganism">Veganism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal-free_agriculture" title="Animal-free agriculture">Animal-free agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_veganism" title="Black veganism">Black veganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruitarianism" title="Fruitarianism">Fruitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganism#History" title="Veganism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_veganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Raw veganism">Raw veganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_edge" title="Straight edge">Straight edge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hardline_(subculture)" title="Hardline (subculture)">Hardline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_nutrition" title="Vegan nutrition">Nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_organic_agriculture" title="Vegan organic agriculture">Vegan organic agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_school_meal" title="Vegan school meal">Vegan school meal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_studies" title="Vegan studies">Vegan studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism" title="Vegetarianism">Vegetarianism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_vegetarianism" title="Economic vegetarianism">Economic vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_vegetarianism" title="Environmental vegetarianism">Environmental vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_vegetarianism" title="History of vegetarianism">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopathy" title="Orthopathy">Orthopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacto_vegetarianism" title="Lacto vegetarianism">Lacto vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacto-ovo_vegetarianism" title="Lacto-ovo vegetarianism">Lacto-ovo vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovo_vegetarianism" title="Ovo vegetarianism">Ovo vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_cuisine" title="Vegetarian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Diet_Pyramid" title="Vegetarian Diet Pyramid">Vegetarian Diet Pyramid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_ecofeminism" title="Vegetarian ecofeminism">Ecofeminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_nutrition" title="Vegetarian nutrition">Nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_by_country" title="Vegetarianism by country">By country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarians" title="List of vegetarians">Vegetarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegans" title="List of vegans">Vegans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_vegetarian_and_vegan_characters" title="List of fictional vegetarian and vegan characters">Fictional characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of vegetarian festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_and_vegan_organizations" title="List of vegetarian and vegan organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_and_vegan_restaurants" title="List of vegetarian and vegan restaurants">Restaurants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegan_and_plant-based_media" title="List of vegan and plant-based media">Vegan media</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Secular_ethics" title="Secular ethics">Secular</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">Animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare" title="Animal welfare">Animal welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnism" title="Carnism">Carnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_vegetarianism" title="Environmental vegetarianism">Environmental vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_eating_meat" title="Ethics of eating meat">Ethics of eating meat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_paradox" class="mw-redirect" title="Meat paradox">Meat paradox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Replaceability_argument" title="Replaceability argument">Replaceability argument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentientism" title="Sentientism">Sentientism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirukku%E1%B9%9Fa%E1%B8%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirukkuṟaḷ">Tirukkuṟaḷ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_religion" title="Vegetarianism and religion">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_vegetarianism" title="Buddhist vegetarianism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_vegetarianism" title="Christian vegetarianism">Christianity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Hinduism" title="Diet in Hinduism">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sattvic_diet" title="Sattvic diet">Sattvic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_vegetarianism" title="Islamic vegetarianism">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_vegetarianism" title="Jain vegetarianism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_vegetarianism" title="Jewish vegetarianism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythagoreanism#Vegetarianism" title="Pythagoreanism">Pythagoreanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ital" title="Ital">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diet_in_Sikhism" title="Diet in Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoist_diet" title="Taoist diet">Taoism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Food<br />and drink</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agave_syrup" title="Agave syrup">Agave syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_chicken_fillet_roll" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegan chicken fillet roll">Chicken fillet roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_burger" class="mw-redirect" title="Coconut burger">Coconut burger</a></li> <li>Dairy alternatives <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_milk" title="Coconut milk">Coconut milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_cream" title="Plant cream">Plant cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_milk" title="Plant milk">Plant milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_yogurt" title="Soy yogurt">Soy yogurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_cheese" title="Vegan cheese">Cheese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">Fruits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grain" title="Grain">Grains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cereal" title="Cereal">cereals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legume" title="Legume">legumes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelatin_dessert#Gelatin_substitutes" title="Gelatin dessert">Gelatin substitutes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agar" title="Agar">Agar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrageenan" title="Carrageenan">Carrageenan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulaman" title="Gulaman">Gulaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konjac#Fruit_jelly" class="mw-redirect" title="Konjac">Konjac jelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacterial_cellulose#Food" title="Bacterial cellulose">Microbial cellulose</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_jambon" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegan jambon">Jambon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_alternative" title="Meat alternative">Meat alternative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_meat_substitutes" title="List of meat substitutes">List of meat substitutes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miso" title="Miso">Miso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mochi" title="Mochi">Mochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mock_duck" title="Mock duck">Mock duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutritional_yeast" title="Nutritional yeast">Nutritional yeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinoa" title="Quinoa">Quinoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quorn" title="Quorn">Quorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_gluten_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wheat gluten (food)">Seitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempeh" title="Tempeh">Tempeh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tofu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofurkey" title="Tofurkey">Tofurkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetable" title="Vegetable">Vegetables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_bacon" title="Vegetarian bacon">Vegetarian bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_hot_dog" title="Vegetarian hot dog">Hot dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_and_non-vegetarian_marks" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetarian and non-vegetarian marks">Vegetarian mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_sausage" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetarian sausage">Sausage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat-free_sausage_roll" title="Meat-free sausage roll">Sausage roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_beer" title="Vegetarianism and beer">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_wine" title="Vegetarianism and wine">Wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veggie_burger" title="Veggie burger">Veggie burger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of vegetarian organizations">Groups</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_festivals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of vegetarian festivals">events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Vegan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Vegan_Society" title="American Vegan Society">American Vegan Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauty_Without_Cruelty" title="Beauty Without Cruelty">Beauty Without Cruelty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Vegan_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="China Vegan Society">China Vegan Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_Empowerment_Project" title="Food Empowerment Project">Food Empowerment Project</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Go_Vegan" title="Go Vegan">Go Vegan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Vereniging_voor_Veganisme" title="Nederlandse Vereniging voor Veganisme">Nederlandse Vereniging voor Veganisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Hen_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Our Hen House">Our Hen House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physicians_Committee_for_Responsible_Medicine" title="Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine">Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plamil_Foods" title="Plamil Foods">Plamil Foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_Awareness_Foundation" title="Vegan Awareness Foundation">Vegan Awareness Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegan flag">Vegan flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_Outreach" title="Vegan Outreach">Vegan Outreach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegan_Prisoners_Support_Group" title="Vegan Prisoners Support Group">Vegan Prisoners Support Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Vegan_Society" title="The Vegan Society">The Vegan Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganmania" title="Veganmania">Veganmania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganuary" title="Veganuary">Veganuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veganz" title="Veganz">Veganz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Vegan_Day" title="World Vegan Day">World Vegan Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Vegetarian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcott_House" title="Alcott House">Alcott House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Christian_Church_(vegetarian)" title="Bible Christian Church (vegetarian)">Bible Christian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Vegetarian_Society" title="Boston Vegetarian Society">Boston Vegetarian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Vegetarian_Association" title="Christian Vegetarian Association">Christian Vegetarian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Vegetarian_Union" title="European Vegetarian Union">European Vegetarian Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Vegetarian_Society" title="French Vegetarian Society">French Vegetarian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hare_Krishna_Food_for_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Hare Krishna Food for Life">Hare Krishna Food for Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Vegetarian_Union" title="International Vegetarian Union">International Vegetarian Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Veg" title="Jewish Veg">Jewish Veg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat-free_days" title="Meat-free days">Meat-free days</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meatless_Monday" title="Meatless Monday">Meatless Monday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friday_Fast" class="mw-redirect" title="Friday Fast">Friday Fast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Vegetarian_Society" title="North American Vegetarian Society">North American Vegetarian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Golden_Age" title="Order of the Golden Age">Order of the Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProVeg_Deutschland" title="ProVeg Deutschland">ProVeg Deutschland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProVeg_International" title="ProVeg International">ProVeg International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProVeg_Nederland" title="ProVeg Nederland">ProVeg Nederland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Vegetarian_Society" title="Scottish Vegetarian Society">Scottish Vegetarian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swissveg" title="Swissveg">Swissveg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Vegetarian_Association" title="Toronto Vegetarian Association">Toronto Vegetarian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Federal_Union" title="Vegetarian Federal Union">Vegetarian Federal Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Society" title="Vegetarian Society">Vegetarian Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Society_(Singapore)" title="Vegetarian Society (Singapore)">Vegetarian Society (Singapore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veggie_Pride" title="Veggie Pride">Veggie Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viva!_Health" title="Viva! Health">Viva! Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Esperantist_Vegetarian_Association" title="World Esperantist Vegetarian Association">World Esperantist Vegetarian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Vegetarian_Day" title="World Vegetarian Day">World Vegetarian Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegetarian_and_vegan_companies" title="List of vegetarian and vegan companies">List of vegetarian and vegan companies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books,<br />reports,<br /> journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/On_Abstinence_from_Eating_Animals" title="On Abstinence from Eating Animals">On Abstinence from Eating Animals</a></i> (3rd century)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Essay_on_Abstinence_from_Animal_Food,_as_a_Moral_Duty" title="An Essay on Abstinence from Animal Food, as a Moral Duty">An Essay on Abstinence from Animal Food, as a Moral Duty</a></i> (1802)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_Cookery" title="Vegetable Cookery">Vegetable Cookery</a></i> (1812)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Vindication_of_Natural_Diet" title="A Vindication of Natural Diet">A Vindication of Natural Diet</a></i> (1813)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Reasons_for_not_Eating_Animal_Food" class="mw-redirect" title="Reasons for not Eating Animal Food">Reasons for not Eating Animal Food</a></i> (1814)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moral_Inquiries_on_the_Situation_of_Man_and_of_Brutes" title="Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes">Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes</a></i> (1824)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nature%27s_Own_Book" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature's Own Book">Nature's Own Book</a></i> (1835)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fruits_and_Farinacea" title="Fruits and Farinacea">Fruits and Farinacea</a></i> (1845)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pleasure_Boat" title="The Pleasure Boat">The Pleasure Boat</a></i> (1845)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ethics_of_Diet" title="The Ethics of Diet">The Ethics of Diet</a></i> (1883)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_is_Vegetarianism%3F" title="What is Vegetarianism?">What is Vegetarianism?</a></i> (1886)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shelley%27s_Vegetarianism" title="Shelley's Vegetarianism">Shelley's Vegetarianism</a></i> (1891)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Behind_the_Scenes_in_Slaughter-Houses" title="Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses">Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses</a></i> (1892)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Why_I_Am_a_Vegetarian" title="Why I Am a Vegetarian">Why I Am a Vegetarian</a></i> (1895)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Figs_or_Pigs%3F" title="Figs or Pigs?">Figs or Pigs?</a></i> (1896)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fifty_Years_of_Food_Reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifty Years of Food Reform">Fifty Years of Food Reform</a></i> (1898)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thirty-nine_Reasons_Why_I_Am_a_Vegetarian" title="Thirty-nine Reasons Why I Am a Vegetarian">Thirty-nine Reasons Why I Am a Vegetarian</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Meat_Fetish" title="The Meat Fetish">The Meat Fetish</a></i> (1904)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Ethics" title="The New Ethics">The New Ethics</a></i> (1907)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Fleshless_Diet" class="mw-redirect" title="A Fleshless Diet">A Fleshless Diet</a></i> (1910)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Benefits_of_Vegetarianism" title="The Benefits of Vegetarianism">The Benefits of Vegetarianism</a></i> (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Living_the_Good_Life" title="Living the Good Life">Living the Good Life</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ten_Talents_(cookbook)" title="Ten Talents (cookbook)">Ten Talents</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diet_for_a_Small_Planet" title="Diet for a Small Planet">Diet for a Small Planet</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Vegetarian_Epicure" title="The Vegetarian Epicure">The Vegetarian Epicure</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moosewood_Restaurant" title="Moosewood Restaurant">Moosewood Collective Cookbooks</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Farm_Vegetarian_Cookbook" title="The Farm Vegetarian Cookbook">The Farm Vegetarian Cookbook</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laurel%27s_Kitchen" title="Laurel's Kitchen">Laurel's Kitchen</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moosewood_Cookbook" title="Moosewood Cookbook">Moosewood Cookbook</a></i> (1977)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fit_for_Life" title="Fit for Life">Fit for Life</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diet_for_a_New_America" title="Diet for a New America">Diet for a New America</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sexual_Politics_of_Meat" title="The Sexual Politics of Meat">The Sexual Politics of Meat</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Cooking_for_Everyone" title="Vegetarian Cooking for Everyone">Vegetarian Cooking for Everyone</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_China_Study" title="The China Study">The China Study</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Skinny_Bitch" title="Skinny Bitch">Skinny Bitch</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Livestock%27s_Long_Shadow" title="Livestock's Long Shadow">Livestock's Long Shadow</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bloodless_Revolution_(book)" title="The Bloodless Revolution (book)">The Bloodless Revolution</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eating_Animals" title="Eating Animals">Eating Animals</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Why_We_Love_Dogs,_Eat_Pigs,_and_Wear_Cows" title="Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows">Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Vegan_Studies_Project" title="The Vegan Studies Project">The Vegan Studies Project</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_(De)liberation" title="Animal (De)liberation">Animal (De)liberation</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_End_of_Animal_Farming" title="The End of Animal Farming">The End of Animal Farming</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vegetable_Kingdom:_The_Abundant_World_of_Vegan_Recipes" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetable Kingdom: The Abundant World of Vegan Recipes">Vegetable Kingdom</a></i> (2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Making_a_Stand_for_Animals" title="Making a Stand for Animals">Making a Stand for Animals</a></i> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meat_Atlas" title="Meat Atlas">Meat Atlas</a></i> (annual)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_vegan_media" class="mw-redirect" title="List of vegan media">Films and shows</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Animals_Film" title="The Animals Film">The Animals Film</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diet_for_a_New_America_(film)" title="Diet for a New America (film)">Diet for a New America (film)</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Cow_at_My_Table" title="A Cow at My Table">A Cow at My Table</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meet_Your_Meat" title="Meet Your Meat">Meet Your Meat</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Post_Punk_Kitchen" title="Post Punk Kitchen">Post Punk Kitchen</a></i> (2003–2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peaceable_Kingdom_(film)" title="Peaceable Kingdom (film)">Peaceable Kingdom</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earthlings_(film)" title="Earthlings (film)">Earthlings</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Sacred_Duty" title="A Sacred Duty">A Sacred Duty</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fat,_Sick_and_Nearly_Dead" title="Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead">Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Planeat" title="Planeat">Planeat</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forks_Over_Knives" title="Forks Over Knives">Forks Over Knives</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vegucated" title="Vegucated">Vegucated</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Live_and_Let_Live_(2013_film)" title="Live and Let Live (2013 film)">Live and Let Live</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cowspiracy" title="Cowspiracy">Cowspiracy</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PlantPure_Nation" title="PlantPure Nation">PlantPure Nation</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/What_the_Health" title="What the Health">What the Health</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carnage_(2017_film)" title="Carnage (2017 film)">Carnage</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dominion_(2018_film)" title="Dominion (2018 film)">Dominion</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eating_You_Alive" title="Eating You Alive">Eating You Alive</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Game_Changers" title="The Game Changers">The Game Changers</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maa_Ka_Doodh" title="Maa Ka Doodh">Maa Ka Doodh</a></i> (2023)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/You_Are_What_You_Eat:_A_Twin_Experiment" title="You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment">You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment</a></i> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Magazines</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Naked_Food" title="Naked Food">Naked Food</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Satya_(magazine)" title="Satya (magazine)">Satya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_Times" title="Vegetarian Times">Vegetarian Times</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/VegNews" title="VegNews">VegNews</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Animals%27_Agenda" class="mw-redirect" title="The Animals' Agenda">The Animals' Agenda</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics, <br />activists, <br />authors, <br />physicians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Vegan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elisa_Aaltola" title="Elisa Aaltola">Elisa Aaltola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_J._Adams" title="Carol J. Adams">Carol J. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_M._Babich" title="Suzanne M. Babich">Suzanne M. Babich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Balluch" title="Martin Balluch">Martin Balluch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neal_D._Barnard" title="Neal D. Barnard">Neal D. Barnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Benatar" title="David Benatar">David Benatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Best" title="Steven Best">Steven Best</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Bonnardel" title="Yves Bonnardel">Yves Bonnardel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Bonsall" title="Will Bonsall">Will Bonsall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Bulsiewicz" title="Will Bulsiewicz">Will Bulsiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Butaud" title="Georges Butaud">Georges Butaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodey_Castricano" title="Jodey Castricano">Jodey Castricano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Colin_Campbell" title="T. Colin Campbell">T. Colin Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cook_(vegan)" title="Robert Cook (vegan)">Robert Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenda_Davis" title="Brenda Davis">Brenda Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garth_Davis_(surgeon)" title="Garth Davis (surgeon)">Garth Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Deckers" title="Jan Deckers">Jan Deckers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Desmond" title="Alan Desmond">Alan Desmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freya_Dinshah" title="Freya Dinshah">Freya Dinshah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Jay_Dinshah" title="H. Jay Dinshah">H. Jay Dinshah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Dornbusch" title="George Dornbusch">George Dornbusch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mylan_Engel" title="Mylan Engel">Mylan Engel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caldwell_Esselstyn" title="Caldwell Esselstyn">Caldwell Esselstyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_L._Francione" title="Gary L. Francione">Gary L. Francione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Fuhrman" title="Joel Fuhrman">Joel Fuhrman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristi_Funk" title="Kristi Funk">Kristi Funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giroux" title="Valéry Giroux">Valéry Giroux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Gompertz" title="Lewis Gompertz">Lewis Gompertz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Greger" title="Michael Greger">Michael Greger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Breeze_Harper" title="A. Breeze Harper">A. Breeze Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Horta" title="Oscar Horta">Oscar Horta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanie_Joy" title="Melanie Joy">Melanie Joy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Kahn" title="Joel Kahn">Joel Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avery_Yale_Kamila" title="Avery Yale Kamila">Avery Yale Kamila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Klaper" title="Michael Klaper">Michael Klaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aph_Ko" title="Aph Ko">Aph Ko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renan_Larue" title="Renan Larue">Renan Larue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_G._Lee" title="Maxwell G. Lee">Maxwell G. Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Lepeltier" title="Thomas Lepeltier">Thomas Lepeltier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Lyman" title="Howard Lyman">Howard Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ma%27arri" title="Al-Ma'arri">Al-Ma'arri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_Mangels" title="Reed Mangels">Reed Mangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._McDougall" title="John A. McDougall">John A. McDougall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_E._McWilliams" title="James E. McWilliams">James E. McWilliams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesanto_Melina" title="Vesanto Melina">Vesanto Melina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemma_Newman" title="Gemma Newman">Gemma Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Nibert" title="David Nibert">David Nibert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Norris_(activist)" title="Jack Norris (activist)">Jack Norris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Olivier" title="David Olivier">David Olivier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pearce_(philosopher)" title="David Pearce (philosopher)">David Pearce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emelia_Quinn" title="Emelia Quinn">Emelia Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Regan" title="Tom Regan">Tom Regan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Segal" title="Jérôme Segal">Jérôme Segal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Singer" title="Peter Singer">Peter Singer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Sztybel" title="David Sztybel">David Sztybel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunaura_Taylor" title="Sunaura Taylor">Sunaura Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Twine_(sociologist)" title="Richard Twine (sociologist)">Richard Twine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_A._Williams" title="Kim A. Williams">Kim A. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corey_Lee_Wrenn" title="Corey Lee Wrenn">Corey Lee Wrenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Wright_(literary_scholar)" title="Laura Wright (literary scholar)">Laura Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Za%C3%AFkowska" title="Sophie Zaïkowska">Sophie Zaïkowska</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal;">Vegetarian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_B._Acosta" title="Phyllis B. Acosta">Phyllis B. Acosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alcott" title="William Alcott">William Alcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_P._Allinson" title="Bertrand P. Allinson">Bertrand P. Allinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Allinson" title="Thomas Allinson">Thomas Allinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Attwood" title="Charles R. Attwood">Charles R. Attwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Axon" class="mw-redirect" title="William Axon">William Axon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Baltzer" title="Eduard Baltzer">Eduard Baltzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._S._Bathgate" title="H. S. Bathgate">H. S. Bathgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_A._Barrows" title="Horace A. Barrows">Horace A. Barrows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Barstow" title="Geoffrey Barstow">Geoffrey Barstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_H._Beard" title="Sidney H. Beard">Sidney H. Beard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bedborough" title="George Bedborough">George Bedborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bell_(animal_rights_activist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Bell (animal rights activist)">Ernest Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bell_(physician)" title="Robert Bell (physician)">Robert Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Berg" title="Ragnar Berg">Ragnar Berg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rynn_Berry" title="Rynn Berry">Rynn Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Bircher-Benner" title="Maximilian Bircher-Benner">Maximilian Bircher-Benner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Black_(physician)" title="George Black (physician)">George Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Bonnejoy" title="Ernest Bonnejoy">Ernest Bonnejoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Duncan_Bulkley" title="Lucius Duncan Bulkley">Lucius Duncan Bulkley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._L._Buttner" title="J. L. Buttner">J. L. Buttner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Carton" title="Paul Carton">Paul Carton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_Caudwell" title="Job Caudwell">Job Caudwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_(Bible_Christian)" title="James Clark (Bible Christian)">James Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cheyne_(physician)" title="George Cheyne (physician)">George Cheyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Clubb" title="Henry S. Clubb">Henry S. Clubb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Cocchi" title="Antonio Cocchi">Antonio Cocchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Collier" title="Edwin Collier">Edwin Collier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenna_F._Cooper" title="Lenna F. Cooper">Lenna F. Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dani%C3%ABl_de_Clercq" title="Daniël de Clercq">Daniël de Clercq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Danjou" title="Georges Danjou">Georges Danjou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dombrowski" title="Daniel Dombrowski">Daniel Dombrowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Elmslie_Duncan" title="James Elmslie Duncan">James Elmslie Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eknath_Easwaran" title="Eknath Easwaran">Eknath Easwaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Forster" title="T. Forster">T. Forster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Forward" title="Charles W. Forward">Charles W. Forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Allen_Fox" title="Michael Allen Fox">Michael Allen Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Foxcroft" title="Peter Foxcroft">Peter Foxcroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greta_Gaard" title="Greta Gaard">Greta Gaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narasinh_Narayan_Godbole" title="Narasinh Narayan Godbole">Narasinh Narayan Godbole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Grand" title="Jules Grand">Jules Grand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Hacker" title="Jeremiah Hacker">Jeremiah Hacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Haddon" title="John Haddon">John Haddon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Hadwen" title="Walter Hadwen">Walter Hadwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Haig_(physician)" title="Alexander Haig (physician)">Alexander Haig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hare" title="Edward Hare">Edward Hare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Harrison" title="George Harrison">George Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Harvey_(Bible_Christian)" title="William Harvey (Bible Christian)">William Harvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Hecquet" title="Philippe Hecquet">Philippe Hecquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Hines" title="Brian Hines">Brian Hines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_Holbrook" title="Martin Luther Holbrook">Martin Luther Holbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Jennings" title="Isaac Jennings">Isaac Jennings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Harvey_Kellogg" title="John Harvey Kellogg">John Harvey Kellogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Kerr" title="Norman Kerr">Norman Kerr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_H._Kress" title="Daniel H. Kress">Daniel H. Kress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lambe_(physician)" title="William Lambe (physician)">William Lambe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._R._C._Latson" title="W. R. C. Latson">W. R. C. Latson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Lee" title="Elmer Lee">Elmer Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_M._Levin" title="Susan M. Levin">Susan M. Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Linzey" title="Andrew Linzey">Andrew Linzey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clair_Linzey" title="Clair Linzey">Clair Linzey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_de_Marquette" title="Jacques de Marquette">Jacques de Marquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Garrett_Marsh" title="Alice Garrett Marsh">Alice Garrett Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_McCartney" title="Paul McCartney">Paul McCartney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stella_McCartney" title="Stella McCartney">Stella McCartney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_McCollum" title="Elmer McCollum">Elmer McCollum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Metcalfe" title="William Metcalfe">William Metcalfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Peck_Miller" title="Eli Peck Miller">Eli Peck Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Willis_Miller" title="Harry Willis Miller">Harry Willis Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_Moore" title="J. Howard Moore">J. Howard Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuben_D._Mussey" title="Reuben D. Mussey">Reuben D. Mussey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Nearing" title="Helen Nearing">Helen Nearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Nearing" title="Scott Nearing">Scott Nearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Newman" title="Francis William Newman">Francis William Newman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._E._O%27Callaghan" title="R. E. O'Callaghan">R. E. O'Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Oldfield" title="Josiah Oldfield">Josiah Oldfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Ornish" title="Dean Ornish">Dean Ornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Ortt" title="Felix Ortt">Felix Ortt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_V._Pink" title="Cyril V. Pink">Cyril V. Pink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._C._Bhaktivedanta_Swami_Prabhupada" title="A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada">A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Preece" title="Rod Preece">Rod Preece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Rachels" title="James Rachels">James Rachels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulma_Doyle_Register" title="Ulma Doyle Register">Ulma Doyle Register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Romanes" title="Kenneth Romanes">Kenneth Romanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollo_Russell" title="Rollo Russell">Rollo Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Stephens_Salt" title="Henry Stephens Salt">Henry Stephens Salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_Lindstr%C3%B6m_Saxon" title="Johan Lindström Saxon">Johan Lindström Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Scholefield_(Bible_Christian)" title="James Scholefield (Bible Christian)">James Scholefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Schwartz" title="Richard H. Schwartz">Richard H. Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._B._Shearn" title="W. B. Shearn">W. B. Shearn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Simpson_(Bible_Christian)" title="James Simpson (Bible Christian)">James Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lester_Smith" title="Ernest Lester Smith">Ernest Lester Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O._Stephens" title="William O. Stephens">William O. Stephens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Stoddard" title="Alan Stoddard">Alan Stoddard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Thacher_Trall" title="Russell Thacher Trall">Russell Thacher Trall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Towgood" title="Frederick Towgood">Frederick Towgood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Trist" title="Sidney Trist">Sidney Trist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvalluvar" title="Thiruvalluvar">Valluvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Weilsh%C3%A4user" title="Emil Weilshäuser">Emil Weilshäuser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_G._White" title="Ellen G. White">Ellen G. White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severin_Wielobycki" title="Severin Wielobycki">Severin Wielobycki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Williams_(humanitarian)" title="Howard Williams (humanitarian)">Howard Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Wokes" title="Frank Wokes">Frank Wokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._A._Sibly" title="W. A. Sibly">W. A. Sibly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Wynne-Tyson" title="Jon Wynne-Tyson">Jon Wynne-Tyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzachi_Zamir" title="Tzachi Zamir">Tzachi Zamir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Keen_Zolber" title="Kathleen Keen Zolber">Kathleen Keen Zolber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chefs and<br />cookbook authors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Anderson" title="Pamela Anderson">Pamela Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nava_Atlas" title="Nava Atlas">Nava Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayim_Bialik" title="Mayim Bialik">Mayim Bialik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carleigh_Bodrug" title="Carleigh Bodrug">Carleigh Bodrug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_Boots" title="Gypsy Boots">Gypsy Boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BOSH!" title="BOSH!">BOSH!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Brotherton" title="Martha Brotherton">Martha Brotherton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Espe_Brown" title="Edward Espe Brown">Edward Espe Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabitha_Brown_(actress)" title="Tabitha Brown (actress)">Tabitha Brown (actress)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzy_Amis_Cameron" title="Suzy Amis Cameron">Suzy Amis Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Che" title="Hannah Che">Hannah Che</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinky_Cole" title="Pinky Cole">Pinky Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloe_Coscarelli" title="Chloe Coscarelli">Chloe Coscarelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamuna_Devi" title="Yamuna Devi">Yamuna Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sue_Donaldson" title="Sue Donaldson">Sue Donaldson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crescent_Dragonwagon" title="Crescent Dragonwagon">Crescent Dragonwagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Elliot" title="Rose Elliot">Rose Elliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rip_Esselstyn" title="Rip Esselstyn">Rip Esselstyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Fiore" title="Toni Fiore">Toni Fiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Lee_Flinders" title="Carol Lee Flinders">Carol Lee Flinders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Gauthier" title="Alexis Gauthier">Alexis Gauthier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Gregory" title="Dick Gregory">Dick Gregory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richa_Hingle" title="Richa Hingle">Richa Hingle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhur_Jaffrey" title="Madhur Jaffrey">Madhur Jaffrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mollie_Katzen" title="Mollie Katzen">Mollie Katzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Moore_Lapp%C3%A9" title="Frances Moore Lappé">Frances Moore Lappé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Madison" title="Deborah Madison">Deborah Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_McCartney" title="Linda McCartney">Linda McCartney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_McCartney" title="Mary McCartney">Mary McCartney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetty_Lui_McKinnon" title="Hetty Lui McKinnon">Hetty Lui McKinnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracye_McQuirter" title="Tracye McQuirter">Tracye McQuirter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanne_Lee_Molinaro" title="Joanne Lee Molinaro">Joanne Lee Molinaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moosewood_Restaurant" title="Moosewood Restaurant">Moosewood Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charity_Morgan" title="Charity Morgan">Charity Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isa_Chandra_Moskowitz" title="Isa Chandra Moskowitz">Isa Chandra Moskowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bawa_Muhaiyaddeen" title="Bawa Muhaiyaddeen">Bawa Muhaiyaddeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaz_Oakley" title="Gaz Oakley">Gaz Oakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colleen_Patrick-Goudreau" title="Colleen Patrick-Goudreau">Colleen Patrick-Goudreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathew_Pritchard" title="Mathew Pritchard">Mathew Pritchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swami_Satchidananda_Saraswati" title="Swami Satchidananda Saraswati">Satchidananda Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Sarno" title="Derek Sarno">Derek Sarno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miyoko_Schinner" title="Miyoko Schinner">Miyoko Schinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Silverstone" title="Alicia Silverstone">Alicia Silverstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Sunderani" title="Hannah Sunderani">Hannah Sunderani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryant_Terry" title="Bryant Terry">Bryant Terry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Thomas" title="Anna Thomas">Anna Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haile_Thomas" title="Haile Thomas">Haile Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Toyota" title="Lauren Toyota">Lauren Toyota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeeca_Uy" title="Jeeca Uy">Jeeca Uy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Veronesi" title="Umberto Veronesi">Umberto Veronesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisha_Vora" title="Nisha Vora">Nisha Vora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Wakeman_(author)" title="Alan Wakeman (author)">Alan Wakeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Yonan" title="Joe Yonan">Joe Yonan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Restaurants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ben_%26_Esther%27s_Vegan_Jewish_Deli" title="Ben & Esther's Vegan Jewish Deli">Ben & Esther's Vegan Jewish Deli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnaholic" title="Cinnaholic">Cinnaholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossroads_Kitchen" title="Crossroads Kitchen">Crossroads Kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Elephant_Vegetarian_Bistro" title="Green Elephant Vegetarian Bistro">Green Elephant Vegetarian Bistro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greens_Restaurant" title="Greens Restaurant">Greens Restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiltl_Restaurant" title="Hiltl Restaurant">Hiltl Restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Pine_(restaurant)" title="Little Pine (restaurant)">Little Pine (restaurant)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moosewood_Restaurant" title="Moosewood Restaurant">Moosewood Restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purezza" title="Purezza">Purezza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slutty_Vegan" title="Slutty Vegan">Slutty Vegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souley_Vegan" title="Souley Vegan">Souley Vegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_Lounge,_London" title="The Sound Lounge, London">The Sound Lounge, London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veggie_Galaxy" title="Veggie Galaxy">Veggie Galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veggie_Grill" title="Veggie Grill">Veggie Grill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former restaurants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cranks_(restaurant)" title="Cranks (restaurant)">Cranks (restaurant)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_for_Thought_(restaurant)" title="Food for Thought (restaurant)">Food for Thought (restaurant)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InSpiral_Lounge" title="InSpiral Lounge">InSpiral Lounge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lentil_as_Anything" title="Lentil as Anything">Lentil as Anything</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minerva_Caf%C3%A9" title="Minerva Café">Minerva Café</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Riverside_Cafe" title="New Riverside Cafe">New Riverside Cafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nix_(restaurant)" title="Nix (restaurant)">Nix (restaurant)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Cafeteria" title="Penny Cafeteria">Penny Cafeteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_Peacock" title="Pink Peacock">Pink Peacock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hollow_Reed" title="The Hollow Reed">The Hollow Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pitman_Vegetarian_Hotel" title="The Pitman Vegetarian Hotel">The Pitman Vegetarian Hotel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_and_vegan_symbolism" title="Vegetarian and vegan symbolism">Vegetarian and vegan symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juice_fasting" title="Juice fasting">Juice fasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_and_vegan_dog_diet" title="Vegetarian and vegan dog diet">Vegetarian and vegan dog diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegaphobia" title="Vegaphobia">Vegaphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant-based_diet" title="Plant-based diet">Plant-based diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant-based_action_plan" title="Plant-based action plan">Plant-based action plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_diet" title="Sustainable diet">Sustainable diet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low-carbon_diet" title="Low-carbon diet">Low-carbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_health_diet" title="Planetary health diet">Planetary health</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexitarianism" title="Flexitarianism">Flexitarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pescetarianism" title="Pescetarianism">Pescetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollotarianism" title="Pollotarianism">Pollotarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shurtleff" title="William Shurtleff">William Shurtleff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Akiko_Aoyagi" title="Akiko Aoyagi">Akiko Aoyagi</a> (The Book of Tofu)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th 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