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Amongst reform options not... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36270058" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Legal tensions are growing within the international drug control regime as increasing numbers of member states move towards or seriously consider legal regulation of the cannabis market for non-medical purposes. Amongst reform options not requiring consensus, inter se modification appears to be the most ‘elegant’ approach and one that provides a useful safety valve for collective action to adjust a treaty regime arguably frozen in time.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36270058" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d17806e8b52df14fdd4d7f031df1f33e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56175006,"asset_id":36270058,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56175006/download_file?st=MTczMzAzNDQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10553841" href="https://transnationalinstitute.academia.edu/MartinJelsma">Martin Jelsma</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10553841" type="text/json">{"id":10553841,"first_name":"Martin","last_name":"Jelsma","domain_name":"transnationalinstitute","page_name":"MartinJelsma","display_name":"Martin Jelsma","profile_url":"https://transnationalinstitute.academia.edu/MartinJelsma?f_ri=53881","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/10553841/12606357/14024551/s65_martin.jelsma.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-36270058">+4</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-36270058"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://wales.academia.edu/DavidBewleyTaylor">David Bewley-Taylor</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/NeilBoister">Neil Boister</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/JohnWalsh95">John Walsh</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/FitzmauriceMalgosia">Malgosia Fitzmaurice</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-36270058'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-36270058').html(); 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href="https://www.academia.edu/11951089/Taking_Another_Look_at_Addiction_Recovery_and_Sobriety">Taking Another Look at Addiction, Recovery and Sobriety</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In todays changing world where treatment has become increasingly client-centered and accepting of incremental change, it makes to sense to re-examine how we view addiction, reccovery, abstinence and sobriety and the overall process of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_11951089" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In todays changing world where treatment has become increasingly client-centered and accepting of incremental change, it makes to sense to re-examine how we view addiction, reccovery, abstinence and sobriety and the overall process of postive 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Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eastern_Europe?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4259" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stigma">Stigma</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4259" type="text/json">{"id":4259,"name":"Stigma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stigma?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5709" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics">Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5709" type="text/json">{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8539" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eurasia">Eurasia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="8539" 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class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76446808" data-work_id="76446808" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76446808/Use_of_Cannabinoids_in_Cancer_Care_Palliative_Care">Use of Cannabinoids in Cancer Care: Palliative Care</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">All too often neglected, maximal quality improvement in the setting of life-limiting illness and noxious symptomatology is a worthy medical, public health, and humanitarian goal [...]</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" 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type="text/json">{"id":626,"name":"Oncology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oncology?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4079" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrative_Medicine">Integrative Medicine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4079" type="text/json">{"id":4079,"name":"Integrative Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Integrative_Medicine?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4482" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palliative_Care">Palliative Care</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4482" type="text/json">{"id":4482,"name":"Palliative Care","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Palliative_Care?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26327" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine">Medicine</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="26327" 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Research priorities for new psychoactive substances and human enhancement drugs</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/71277207" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ebfa563239dfb55c69e89ec3f8235085" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80691006,"asset_id":71277207,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80691006/download_file?st=MTczMzAzNDQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3295571" href="https://durham.academia.edu/KateOBrien">Kate O'Brien</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3295571" type="text/json">{"id":3295571,"first_name":"Kate","last_name":"O'Brien","domain_name":"durham","page_name":"KateOBrien","display_name":"Kate O'Brien","profile_url":"https://durham.academia.edu/KateOBrien?f_ri=53881","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3295571/1095864/1366747/s65_kate.o_brien.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_71277207 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="71277207"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 71277207, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_71277207", }); 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New techniques have made such cultivation easier; however, the bulk of growers remain small-scale. In this study, we... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_47022783" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Over the past 15-20 years, domestic cultivation of cannabis has been established in a number of European countries. New techniques have made such cultivation easier; however, the bulk of growers remain small-scale. In this study, we explore the factors that prevent small-scale growers from increasing their production. The study is based on 1 year of ethnographic fieldwork and qualitative interviews conducted with 45 Norwegian cannabis growers, 10 of whom were growing on a large-scale and 35 on a small-scale. The study identifies five mechanisms that prevent small-scale indoor growers from going large-scale. First, large-scale operations involve a number of people, large sums of money, a high work-load and a high risk of detection, and thus demand a higher level of organizational skills than for small growing operations. Second, financial assets are needed to start a large &#39;grow-site&#39;. Housing rent, electricity, equipment and nutrients are expensive. Third, to be able to sell...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47022783" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="827a63e9639e077df2873aab8c5b513c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66339907,"asset_id":47022783,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66339907/download_file?st=MTczMzAzNDQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="684789" href="https://uio.academia.edu/SveinungSandberg">Sveinung Sandberg</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="684789" type="text/json">{"id":684789,"first_name":"Sveinung","last_name":"Sandberg","domain_name":"uio","page_name":"SveinungSandberg","display_name":"Sveinung Sandberg","profile_url":"https://uio.academia.edu/SveinungSandberg?f_ri=53881","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/684789/236006/98529181/s65_sveinung.sandberg.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47022783 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47022783"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47022783, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47022783", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47022783]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_47022783").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_47022783").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="47022783"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7125" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture">Culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7125" type="text/json">{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46406" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motivation">Motivation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="46406" type="text/json">{"id":46406,"name":"Motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motivation?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="51645" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norway">Norway</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="51645" type="text/json">{"id":51645,"name":"Norway","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norway?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="52982" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commerce">Commerce</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="52982" type="text/json">{"id":52982,"name":"Commerce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commerce?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47022783]'), work: {"id":47022783,"title":"Why small-scale cannabis growers stay small: five mechanisms that prevent small-scale growers from going large scale","created_at":"2021-04-20T11:56:19.532-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47022783/Why_small_scale_cannabis_growers_stay_small_five_mechanisms_that_prevent_small_scale_growers_from_going_large_scale?f_ri=53881","dom_id":"work_47022783","summary":"Over the past 15-20 years, domestic cultivation of cannabis has been established in a number of European countries. New techniques have made such cultivation easier; however, the bulk of growers remain small-scale. In this study, we explore the factors that prevent small-scale growers from increasing their production. The study is based on 1 year of ethnographic fieldwork and qualitative interviews conducted with 45 Norwegian cannabis growers, 10 of whom were growing on a large-scale and 35 on a small-scale. The study identifies five mechanisms that prevent small-scale indoor growers from going large-scale. First, large-scale operations involve a number of people, large sums of money, a high work-load and a high risk of detection, and thus demand a higher level of organizational skills than for small growing operations. Second, financial assets are needed to start a large \u0026#39;grow-site\u0026#39;. Housing rent, electricity, equipment and nutrients are expensive. Third, to be able to sell...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66339907,"asset_id":47022783,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":684789,"first_name":"Sveinung","last_name":"Sandberg","domain_name":"uio","page_name":"SveinungSandberg","display_name":"Sveinung Sandberg","profile_url":"https://uio.academia.edu/SveinungSandberg?f_ri=53881","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/684789/236006/98529181/s65_sveinung.sandberg.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":46406,"name":"Motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motivation?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":51645,"name":"Norway","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Norway?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":52982,"name":"Commerce","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commerce?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881"},{"id":67360,"name":"Crime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crime?f_ri=53881"},{"id":167483,"name":"Income","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Income?f_ri=53881"},{"id":238724,"name":"Cannabis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabis?f_ri=53881"},{"id":558549,"name":"Street Drugs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Street_Drugs?f_ri=53881"},{"id":2533306,"name":"cultural characteristics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/cultural_characteristics?f_ri=53881"},{"id":2922956,"name":"Psychology and Cognitive Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_and_Cognitive_Sciences?f_ri=53881"},{"id":3196731,"name":"Interviews as topic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interviews_as_topic?f_ri=53881"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=53881"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68574152" data-work_id="68574152" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68574152/Toward_a_global_view_of_alcohol_tobacco_cannabis_and_cocaine_use_findings_from_the_WHO_World_Mental_Health_Surveys">Toward a global view of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and cocaine use: findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background Alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drug use cause considerable morbidity and mortality, but good cross-national epidemiological data are limited. This paper describes such data from the first 17 countries participating in the World... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68574152" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background Alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drug use cause considerable morbidity and mortality, but good cross-national epidemiological data are limited. This paper describes such data from the first 17 countries participating in the World Health Organization&#x27;s (WHO&#x27;s) World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68574152" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f45c5714794c08d3df75ca5ac7d14a81" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79003327,"asset_id":68574152,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79003327/download_file?st=MTczMzAzNDQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46090177" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JWells5">J. 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class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43793350/La_polic%C3%ADa_de_salubridad_en_la_ciudad_de_M%C3%A9xico_El_caso_de_la_divisi%C3%B3n_antinarc%C3%B3ticos_1920_1934">La policía de salubridad en la ciudad de México: El caso de la división antinarcóticos 1920-1934</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Cuando se creó el Departamento de Salubridad Pública, conforme a la Constitución de 1917, la autoridad sanitaria pasó a depender directamente del Presidente de la República, ya no de la Secretaría de Gobernación (La Farmacia, 1921), y las... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43793350" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Cuando se creó el Departamento de Salubridad Pública, conforme a la Constitución de 1917, la autoridad sanitaria pasó a depender directamente del Presidente de la República, ya no de la Secretaría de Gobernación (La Farmacia, 1921), y las disposiciones generales que tomaba se volvieron obligatorias en todo el país (Alonso, 2010).<br />A su vez, la policía sanitaria, que dependía del Departamento de Salubridad Pública, continuó a siendo la dependencia encargada vigilar puertos y fronteras, así como el control de lo relativo a vacunas, medidas contra el alcoholismo, epidemias, enfermedades contagiosas, preparación y administración de vacunas y sueros, y control de alimentos, bebidas y drogas.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43793350" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa 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drogas.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":64109436,"asset_id":43793350,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":23470461,"first_name":"Héctor Joel","last_name":"Anaya","domain_name":"enah","page_name":"HéctorJoelAnaya","display_name":"Héctor Joel Anaya","profile_url":"https://enah.academia.edu/H%C3%A9ctorJoelAnaya?f_ri=53881","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23470461/14324538/35969403/s65_h_ctor_joel.anaya.jpg"},{"id":211819126,"first_name":"Aldo Contró","last_name":"López","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AldoContróLópez","display_name":"Aldo Contró López","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AldoContr%C3%B3L%C3%B3pez?f_ri=53881","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":57329,"name":"History of Narcotics and Drugs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Narcotics_and_Drugs?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":758833,"name":"Latin American Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_American_Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30145859" data-work_id="30145859" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30145859/The_political_economy_of_heroin_Regional_markets_practices_and_consequences">The political economy of heroin: Regional markets, practices and consequences</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div 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u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4209811" data-work_id="4209811" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4209811/Reviewing_the_literature_on_access_to_prompt_and_effective_malaria_treatment_in_Kenya_implications_for_meeting_the_Abuja_targets">Reviewing the literature on access to prompt and effective malaria treatment in Kenya: implications for meeting the Abuja targets</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background Effective case management is central to reducing malaria mortality and morbidity worldwide, but only a minority of those affected by malaria, have access to prompt effective treatment. In Kenya, the Division of Malaria Control... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4209811" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background Effective case management is central to reducing malaria mortality and morbidity worldwide, but only a minority of those affected by malaria, have access to prompt effective treatment. In Kenya, the Division of Malaria Control is committed to ensuring that 80 percent of childhood fevers are treated with effective anti-malarial medicines within 24 hours of fever onset, but this target is largely unmet. This review aimed to document evidence on access to effective malaria treatment in Kenya, identify factors that influence access, and make recommendations on how to improve prompt access to effective malaria treatment. Since treatment-seeking patterns for malaria are similar in many settings in sub-Saharan Africa, the findings presented in this review have important lessons for other malaria endemic countries. Methods Internet searches were conducted in PUBMED (MEDLINE) and HINARI databases using specific search terms and strategies. Grey literature was obtained by soliciting reports from individual researchers working in the treatment-seeking field, from websites of major organizations involved in malaria control and from international reports. Results The review indicated that malaria treatment-seeking occurs mostly in the informal sector; that most fevers are treated, but treatment is often ineffective. Irrational drug use was identified as a problem in most studies, but determinants of this behaviour were not documented. Availability of non-recommended medicines over-the-counter and the presence of substandard anti-malarials in the market are well documented. Demand side determinants of access include perception of illness causes, severity and timing of treatment, perceptions of treatment efficacy, simplicity of regimens and ability to pay. Supply side determinants include distance to health facilities, availability of medicines, prescribing and dispensing practices and quality of medicines. Policy level factors are around the complexity and unclear messages regarding drug policy changes. Conclusion Kenya, like many other African countries, is still far from achieving the Abuja targets. The government, with support from donors, should invest adequately in mechanisms that promote access to effective treatment. Such approaches should focus on factors influencing multiple dimensions of access and will require the cooperation of all stakeholders working in malaria control.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4209811" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a15f79ef5c78b7086716ab61a52ae0b0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49985348,"asset_id":4209811,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49985348/download_file?st=MTczMzAzNDQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5094036" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ElizabethJuma">Elizabeth Juma</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5094036" type="text/json">{"id":5094036,"first_name":"Elizabeth","last_name":"Juma","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElizabethJuma","display_name":"Elizabeth Juma","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElizabethJuma?f_ri=53881","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5094036/2227211/2606810/s65_elizabeth.juma.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4209811 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4209811"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4209811, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4209811", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4209811 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4209811; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4209811"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4209811 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4209811"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4209811; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4209811]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4209811").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4209811").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4209811"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="17969" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Policy">Health Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="17969" type="text/json">{"id":17969,"name":"Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18892" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kenya">Kenya</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18892" type="text/json">{"id":18892,"name":"Kenya","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kenya?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4209811]'), work: {"id":4209811,"title":"Reviewing the literature on access to prompt and effective malaria treatment in Kenya: implications for meeting the Abuja targets","created_at":"2013-08-10T01:31:07.896-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4209811/Reviewing_the_literature_on_access_to_prompt_and_effective_malaria_treatment_in_Kenya_implications_for_meeting_the_Abuja_targets?f_ri=53881","dom_id":"work_4209811","summary":"Background Effective case management is central to reducing malaria mortality and morbidity worldwide, but only a minority of those affected by malaria, have access to prompt effective treatment. In Kenya, the Division of Malaria Control is committed to ensuring that 80 percent of childhood fevers are treated with effective anti-malarial medicines within 24 hours of fever onset, but this target is largely unmet. This review aimed to document evidence on access to effective malaria treatment in Kenya, identify factors that influence access, and make recommendations on how to improve prompt access to effective malaria treatment. Since treatment-seeking patterns for malaria are similar in many settings in sub-Saharan Africa, the findings presented in this review have important lessons for other malaria endemic countries. Methods Internet searches were conducted in PUBMED (MEDLINE) and HINARI databases using specific search terms and strategies. Grey literature was obtained by soliciting reports from individual researchers working in the treatment-seeking field, from websites of major organizations involved in malaria control and from international reports. Results The review indicated that malaria treatment-seeking occurs mostly in the informal sector; that most fevers are treated, but treatment is often ineffective. Irrational drug use was identified as a problem in most studies, but determinants of this behaviour were not documented. Availability of non-recommended medicines over-the-counter and the presence of substandard anti-malarials in the market are well documented. Demand side determinants of access include perception of illness causes, severity and timing of treatment, perceptions of treatment efficacy, simplicity of regimens and ability to pay. Supply side determinants include distance to health facilities, availability of medicines, prescribing and dispensing practices and quality of medicines. Policy level factors are around the complexity and unclear messages regarding drug policy changes. Conclusion Kenya, like many other African countries, is still far from achieving the Abuja targets. The government, with support from donors, should invest adequately in mechanisms that promote access to effective treatment. Such approaches should focus on factors influencing multiple dimensions of access and will require the cooperation of all stakeholders working in malaria control.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49985348,"asset_id":4209811,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5094036,"first_name":"Elizabeth","last_name":"Juma","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElizabethJuma","display_name":"Elizabeth Juma","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElizabethJuma?f_ri=53881","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5094036/2227211/2606810/s65_elizabeth.juma.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":17969,"name":"Health Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":18892,"name":"Kenya","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kenya?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":47665,"name":"Drug Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Use?f_ri=53881"},{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881"},{"id":73757,"name":"Informal Sector","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Informal_Sector?f_ri=53881"},{"id":187758,"name":"Case Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Management?f_ri=53881"},{"id":454707,"name":"Antimalarials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antimalarials?f_ri=53881"},{"id":611424,"name":"Sub Saharan Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sub_Saharan_Africa?f_ri=53881"},{"id":2549475,"name":"Health Services Accessibility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Services_Accessibility?f_ri=53881"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27306096" data-work_id="27306096" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27306096/The_influence_of_Thailands_2003_war_on_drugs_policy_on_self_reported_drug_use_among_injection_drug_users_in_Chiang_Mai_Thailand">The influence of Thailand's 2003 ‘war on drugs’ policy on self-reported drug use among injection drug users in Chiang Mai, Thailand</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27306096" data-share-source="work_strip" 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itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51412111" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ApinunAramrattana">Apinun Aramrattana</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51412111" type="text/json">{"id":51412111,"first_name":"Apinun","last_name":"Aramrattana","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ApinunAramrattana","display_name":"Apinun Aramrattana","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ApinunAramrattana?f_ri=53881","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27306096 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27306096"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27306096, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27306096", }); });</script></li><li 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var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27306096]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27306096").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27306096").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27306096"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="47665" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Use">Drug Use</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47665" type="text/json">{"id":47665,"name":"Drug Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Use?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53881" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy">Drug Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="53881" type="text/json">{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="72353" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance_Use">Substance Use</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="72353" type="text/json">{"id":72353,"name":"Substance Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance_Use?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="239277" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Government_Policy">Government Policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="239277" type="text/json">{"id":239277,"name":"Government Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Government_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27306096]'), work: {"id":27306096,"title":"The influence of Thailand's 2003 ‘war on drugs’ policy on self-reported drug use among injection drug users in Chiang Mai, Thailand","created_at":"2016-07-27T06:41:29.581-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27306096/The_influence_of_Thailands_2003_war_on_drugs_policy_on_self_reported_drug_use_among_injection_drug_users_in_Chiang_Mai_Thailand?f_ri=53881","dom_id":"work_27306096","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47562923,"asset_id":27306096,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51412111,"first_name":"Apinun","last_name":"Aramrattana","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ApinunAramrattana","display_name":"Apinun Aramrattana","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ApinunAramrattana?f_ri=53881","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47665,"name":"Drug Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Use?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":72353,"name":"Substance Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance_Use?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":239277,"name":"Government Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Government_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":404000,"name":"Cross Section","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Section?f_ri=53881"},{"id":512402,"name":"Illicit Drugs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Illicit_Drugs?f_ri=53881"},{"id":1187556,"name":"Supply and Demand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Supply_and_Demand?f_ri=53881"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11614736" data-work_id="11614736" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11614736/Molecular_epidemiology_of_Plasmodium_vivax_and_Plasmodium_falciparum_malaria_among_Duffy_positive_and_Duffy_negative_populations_in_Ethiopia">Molecular epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria among Duffy-positive and Duffy-negative populations in Ethiopia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11614736" 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class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1068902" href="https://ju-et.academia.edu/TeshomeDegefa">Teshome Degefa</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1068902" type="text/json">{"id":1068902,"first_name":"Teshome","last_name":"Degefa","domain_name":"ju-et","page_name":"TeshomeDegefa","display_name":"Teshome Degefa","profile_url":"https://ju-et.academia.edu/TeshomeDegefa?f_ri=53881","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11614736 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11614736"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11614736, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11614736", }); });</script></li><li 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var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=11614736]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_11614736").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_11614736").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="11614736"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">28</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4206" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeography">Phylogeography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4206" type="text/json">{"id":4206,"name":"Phylogeography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeography?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6947" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology">Medical Microbiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6947" type="text/json">{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7823" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria">Malaria</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7823" type="text/json">{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22506" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent">Adolescent</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22506" type="text/json">{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=11614736]'), work: {"id":11614736,"title":"Molecular epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria among Duffy-positive and Duffy-negative populations in Ethiopia","created_at":"2015-03-23T11:36:55.634-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/11614736/Molecular_epidemiology_of_Plasmodium_vivax_and_Plasmodium_falciparum_malaria_among_Duffy_positive_and_Duffy_negative_populations_in_Ethiopia?f_ri=53881","dom_id":"work_11614736","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46605787,"asset_id":11614736,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1068902,"first_name":"Teshome","last_name":"Degefa","domain_name":"ju-et","page_name":"TeshomeDegefa","display_name":"Teshome Degefa","profile_url":"https://ju-et.academia.edu/TeshomeDegefa?f_ri=53881","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4206,"name":"Phylogeography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeography?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":6947,"name":"Medical Microbiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_Microbiology?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":7823,"name":"Malaria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Malaria?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":29082,"name":"Sequence Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sequence_Analysis?f_ri=53881"},{"id":43665,"name":"Molecular Epidemiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Epidemiology?f_ri=53881"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=53881"},{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881"},{"id":54433,"name":"Phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny?f_ri=53881"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=53881"},{"id":102583,"name":"Drug Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Resistance?f_ri=53881"},{"id":118339,"name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polymerase_Chain_Reaction?f_ri=53881"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=53881"},{"id":152553,"name":"Comparative Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Analysis?f_ri=53881"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn 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Rates","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Amino_Acid_Substitution_Rates?f_ri=53881"},{"id":1034181,"name":"Cross Sectional Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Sectional_Studies?f_ri=53881"},{"id":1627985,"name":"Plasmodium Vivax","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmodium_Vivax?f_ri=53881"},{"id":1926245,"name":"Dihydrofolate Reductase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dihydrofolate_Reductase?f_ri=53881"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data?f_ri=53881"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74872706" data-work_id="74872706" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74872706/A_Special_Population_with_Unique_Treatment_Needs_Dominant_Representations_of_Womens_Substance_Abuse_and_Their_Effects">A "Special Population" with "Unique Treatment Needs": Dominant Representations of "Women's Substance Abuse" and Their Effects</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A number of studies suggest that the lack of “gender sensitive” drug treatment services for women represents a pressing social problem, second only to the problem of “women&#39;s substance abuse” itself. This article interrogates these... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74872706" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A number of studies suggest that the lack of “gender sensitive” drug treatment services for women represents a pressing social problem, second only to the problem of “women&#39;s substance abuse” itself. This article interrogates these “problem representations” by asking on what basis they are considered uniquely problematic. Through a critical analysis of research on women published between 1990–2012 in relevant high impact journals, the article identifies a dominant view of women in the drug field as a “special population” with “unique treatment needs.” The article suggests that this view not only reinforces a limited understanding of the harms associated with women&#39;s substance abuse, but might also paradoxically enable programs and services for women to remain as “add-ons” and/or narrow the range of “gender sensitive” approaches adopted.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74872706" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c3bb0d5b583f88017c1bb17d20d56eb0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82869041,"asset_id":74872706,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82869041/download_file?st=MTczMzAzNDQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6305145" href="https://dal.academia.edu/FionaMartin">Fiona S Martin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6305145" type="text/json">{"id":6305145,"first_name":"Fiona","last_name":"Martin","domain_name":"dal","page_name":"FionaMartin","display_name":"Fiona S Martin","profile_url":"https://dal.academia.edu/FionaMartin?f_ri=53881","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6305145/2842013/16958627/s65_fiona.martin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74872706 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74872706"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74872706, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74872706", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_74872706 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74872706; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_74872706"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_74872706 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="74872706"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74872706; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74872706]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_74872706").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_74872706").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74872706"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2993" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Knowledge">Sociology of Knowledge</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2993" type="text/json">{"id":2993,"name":"Sociology of Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Knowledge?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3354" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poststructuralism">Poststructuralism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3354" type="text/json">{"id":3354,"name":"Poststructuralism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poststructuralism?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53881" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy">Drug Policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="53881" type="text/json">{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74872706]'), work: {"id":74872706,"title":"A \"Special Population\" with \"Unique Treatment Needs\": Dominant Representations of \"Women's Substance Abuse\" and Their Effects","created_at":"2022-03-29T04:56:58.518-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74872706/A_Special_Population_with_Unique_Treatment_Needs_Dominant_Representations_of_Womens_Substance_Abuse_and_Their_Effects?f_ri=53881","dom_id":"work_74872706","summary":"A number of studies suggest that the lack of “gender sensitive” drug treatment services for women represents a pressing social problem, second only to the problem of “women\u0026#39;s substance abuse” itself. This article interrogates these “problem representations” by asking on what basis they are considered uniquely problematic. Through a critical analysis of research on women published between 1990–2012 in relevant high impact journals, the article identifies a dominant view of women in the drug field as a “special population” with “unique treatment needs.” The article suggests that this view not only reinforces a limited understanding of the harms associated with women\u0026#39;s substance abuse, but might also paradoxically enable programs and services for women to remain as “add-ons” and/or narrow the range of “gender sensitive” approaches adopted.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82869041,"asset_id":74872706,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6305145,"first_name":"Fiona","last_name":"Martin","domain_name":"dal","page_name":"FionaMartin","display_name":"Fiona S Martin","profile_url":"https://dal.academia.edu/FionaMartin?f_ri=53881","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6305145/2842013/16958627/s65_fiona.martin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":2993,"name":"Sociology of Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Knowledge?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":3354,"name":"Poststructuralism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poststructuralism?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":67796,"name":"Substance Abuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance_Abuse?f_ri=53881"},{"id":1034397,"name":"Critical Theories of Drug Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theories_of_Drug_Use?f_ri=53881"},{"id":3763225,"name":"Medical and Health Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medical_and_Health_Sciences?f_ri=53881"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70682242" data-work_id="70682242" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70682242/Police_Officers_and_Paramedics_Experiences_with_Overdose_and_Their_Knowledge_and_Opinions_of_Washington_State_s_Drug_Overdose_Naloxone_Good_Samaritan_Law">Police Officers’ and Paramedics’ Experiences with Overdose and Their Knowledge and Opinions of Washington State’s Drug Overdose–Naloxone–Good Samaritan Law</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70682242" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="35e93cd3bfd19b29a4d9cf4166902d98" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80330733,"asset_id":70682242,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80330733/download_file?st=MTczMzAzNDQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32983011" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GreenTraci">Traci Green</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32983011" type="text/json">{"id":32983011,"first_name":"Traci","last_name":"Green","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GreenTraci","display_name":"Traci Green","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GreenTraci?f_ri=53881","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_70682242 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="70682242"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70682242, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_70682242", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_70682242 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70682242; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_70682242"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_70682242 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="70682242"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70682242; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=70682242]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_70682242").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_70682242").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="70682242"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="534" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law">Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="534" type="text/json">{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8206" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police">Police</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8206" type="text/json">{"id":8206,"name":"Police","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16288" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health">Public Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16288" type="text/json">{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22772" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Health">Urban Health</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22772" type="text/json">{"id":22772,"name":"Urban Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Health?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=70682242]'), work: {"id":70682242,"title":"Police Officers’ and Paramedics’ Experiences with Overdose and Their Knowledge and Opinions of Washington State’s Drug Overdose–Naloxone–Good Samaritan Law","created_at":"2022-02-06T04:11:58.271-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/70682242/Police_Officers_and_Paramedics_Experiences_with_Overdose_and_Their_Knowledge_and_Opinions_of_Washington_State_s_Drug_Overdose_Naloxone_Good_Samaritan_Law?f_ri=53881","dom_id":"work_70682242","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80330733,"asset_id":70682242,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32983011,"first_name":"Traci","last_name":"Green","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GreenTraci","display_name":"Traci Green","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GreenTraci?f_ri=53881","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":8206,"name":"Police","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":16288,"name":"Public Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Health?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":22772,"name":"Urban Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Health?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine?f_ri=53881"},{"id":37778,"name":"Law Enforcement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_Enforcement?f_ri=53881"},{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881"},{"id":218376,"name":"Opioids","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Opioids?f_ri=53881"},{"id":271876,"name":"Washington","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Washington?f_ri=53881"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=53881"},{"id":466103,"name":"Narcotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narcotics?f_ri=53881"},{"id":506974,"name":"Overdose","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Overdose?f_ri=53881"},{"id":551442,"name":"Emergency Medical Technicians","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emergency_Medical_Technicians?f_ri=53881"},{"id":593976,"name":"Good Samaritan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Good_Samaritan?f_ri=53881"},{"id":721346,"name":"Paramedic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paramedic?f_ri=53881"},{"id":785480,"name":"Heroin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heroin?f_ri=53881"},{"id":1128472,"name":"Naloxone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naloxone?f_ri=53881"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63068190" data-work_id="63068190" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/63068190/Other_people_other_drugs_the_policy_response_to_petrol_sniffing_among_indigenous_Australians">Other people, other drugs: the policy response to petrol sniffing among indigenous Australians</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper examines the policy response of Australian governments to petrol sniffing in Indigenous communities from the 1980s until the present. During this period, despite the formation of numerous inquiries, working parties and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_63068190" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper examines the policy response of Australian governments to petrol sniffing in Indigenous communities from the 1980s until the present. During this period, despite the formation of numerous inquiries, working parties and intergovernmental committees, there has been little accumulation of knowledge about the nature and causes of sniffing, or about the effectiveness of interventions. Policies are fragmentary; programmes are rarely evaluated, and most rely on short-term funding. The paper sets out to explain why this should be so. It draws upon a conceptual framework known as &#39;analytics of government&#39; to examine the ways in which petrol sniffing comes to the attention of government agencies and is perceived as an issue; the mechanisms deployed by governments to address petrol sniffing; ways in which knowledge about sniffing is generated; and the underlying assumptions about people that inform policy-making. Drawing upon case studies of policy responses, the paper argue...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/63068190" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7aedb2ff125ad8975a5064f4fd3b108a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":75617618,"asset_id":63068190,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/75617618/download_file?st=MTczMzAzNDQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="100947031" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MaggieBrady2">Maggie Brady</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="100947031" type="text/json">{"id":100947031,"first_name":"Maggie","last_name":"Brady","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MaggieBrady2","display_name":"Maggie Brady","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MaggieBrady2?f_ri=53881","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_63068190 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="63068190"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 63068190, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_63068190", }); 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During this period, despite the formation of numerous inquiries, working parties and intergovernmental committees, there has been little accumulation of knowledge about the nature and causes of sniffing, or about the effectiveness of interventions. Policies are fragmentary; programmes are rarely evaluated, and most rely on short-term funding. The paper sets out to explain why this should be so. It draws upon a conceptual framework known as \u0026#39;analytics of government\u0026#39; to examine the ways in which petrol sniffing comes to the attention of government agencies and is perceived as an issue; the mechanisms deployed by governments to address petrol sniffing; ways in which knowledge about sniffing is generated; and the underlying assumptions about people that inform policy-making. 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u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23448716 coauthored" data-work_id="23448716" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23448716/De_strijd_van_de_burgemeester_tegen_drugscriminaliteit">De strijd van de burgemeester tegen drugscriminaliteit</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Dutch local authorities are entitled to close down a building because of drug-related crime. After closure, occupiers are not allowed to live there for a while. The number of closures because of drug-related crime increases. Although the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23448716" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Dutch local authorities are entitled to close down a building because of drug-related crime. After closure, occupiers are not allowed to live there for a while. The number of closures because of drug-related crime increases. Although the closure of a home is a most serious interference with the right to respect for one’s private life and home, the procedure has not been analyzed systematically. This paper provides the first statistic empirical analysis of litigation concerning drug-related closures of homes in the Netherlands. The paper contains some first conclusions about the characteristic features of cases about drug-related closures, based on the statistical analysis. The results show, inter alia, the relation between the type of drugs and the judicial decision. Moreover, the results provide insight in the line of reasoning of the mayor, occupiers and judge with regard to the closure of a home.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23448716" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a585c73d2be45044c373f2bd5495880c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43889741,"asset_id":23448716,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43889741/download_file?st=MTczMzAzNDQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="464244" href="https://rug.academia.edu/MichelVols">Michel Vols</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="464244" type="text/json">{"id":464244,"first_name":"Michel","last_name":"Vols","domain_name":"rug","page_name":"MichelVols","display_name":"Michel Vols","profile_url":"https://rug.academia.edu/MichelVols?f_ri=53881","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/464244/153648/14055784/s65_michel.vols.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-23448716">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-23448716"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://rug.academia.edu/MichelleBruijn">Michelle Bruijn</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-23448716'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-23448716').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_23448716 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="23448716"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 23448716; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=23448716]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_23448716").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_23448716").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="23448716"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9521" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Housing">Housing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9521" type="text/json">{"id":9521,"name":"Housing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Housing?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53881" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy">Drug Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="53881" type="text/json">{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="135914" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evictions">Evictions</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="135914" type="text/json">{"id":135914,"name":"Evictions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evictions?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="238724" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabis">Cannabis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="238724" type="text/json">{"id":238724,"name":"Cannabis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabis?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=23448716]'), work: {"id":23448716,"title":"De strijd van de burgemeester tegen drugscriminaliteit","created_at":"2016-03-19T07:23:36.332-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/23448716/De_strijd_van_de_burgemeester_tegen_drugscriminaliteit?f_ri=53881","dom_id":"work_23448716","summary":"Dutch local authorities are entitled to close down a building because of drug-related crime. After closure, occupiers are not allowed to live there for a while. The number of closures because of drug-related crime increases. Although the closure of a home is a most serious interference with the right to respect for one’s private life and home, the procedure has not been analyzed systematically. This paper provides the first statistic empirical analysis of litigation concerning drug-related closures of homes in the Netherlands. The paper contains some first conclusions about the characteristic features of cases about drug-related closures, based on the statistical analysis. The results show, inter alia, the relation between the type of drugs and the judicial decision. 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Asimismo, estas estrategias fallidas fortalecieron a los grupos insurgentes de Colombia yPerú, alejándose del cumplimento de los objetivos de control de los cultivos de coca y la disminución del comercio ilegal de cocaína.<br /><br /> Si bien la política de Bolivia redujo efectivamente el cultivo de coca en un 34 por ciento desde 2010 hasta 2014,5 para comprender los alcances de sus políticas, es de vital importancia reconocer que ellas no están diseñadas para, ni pueden, limitar el tráfico de drogas. Debido a que el precio de la hoja de coca ha aumentado a causa del programa actual, la coca peruana, más barata, y sus derivados pasan por Bolivia hacia países de tránsito y consumo, como Brasil. Es la demanda, y no la oferta, la que impulsa el tráfico de drogas, y ésta se origina casi por completo fuera de las fronteras bolivianas.<br /><br />La iniciativa de Bolivia busca principalmente reducir el daño a los productores de coca sustituyendo el modelo de la erradicación forzosa basada en la intervención de fuerzas policiales y militares, por otro en el que participen activamente los productores como ciudadanos, incrementando su participación en la determinación del futuro de sus comunidades. Este modelo es más eficiente en áreas donde los residentes apoyan al gobierno actual. Sin<br />embargo, necesita consolidarse más en áreas donde no existe una fuerte influencia del gobierno, y donde las organizaciones sindicales de cultivadores de coca están en conflicto<br />entre sí. En el Chapare, la región del presidente Evo Morales, la combinación del nuevo enfoque con otras políticas gubernamentales ha reducido dramáticamente el número de muertes y lesiones de los productores de coca, relacionadas con la erradicación forzosa, lo cual ha hecho posible que los cocaleros diversifiquen sus fuentes de ingreso. Esta iniciativa se estructura en torno a la negociación y el reconocimiento de las organizaciones locales como socias, lo cual garantiza a los productores de coca un ingreso para subsistir. Esto se combina con el establecimiento de sus identidades legales como cocaleros registrados, lo cual genera, a su vez, un nuevo sentido de los derechos ciudadanos, lo cual los compromete a limitar los<br />cultivos de coca, y ayuda a producir resultados transparentes y verificables. El resultado es un programa que la Organización de los Estados Americanos (OEA) llama “buenas prácticas... disponibles para uso o réplica.” El embajador de la Unión Europea (UE) en Bolivia, Timothy Torlot, describió el programa como “Para mí, el trabajo que hemos hecho es exitoso, los resultados también se ven en la reducción exitosa y sostenida de la producción de coca del país,… nuestra experiencia como Unión Europea ha sido muy positiva”.<br /><br />Si bien Bolivia ha desarrollado un primer programa muy prometedor de control de la oferta, que refleja ampliamente los principios de la reducción del daño que han sido implementados<br />en algunos países en cuanto a la demanda, su mismo éxito ilustra claramente el efecto mínimo que tienen los esfuerzos para controlar la oferta de drogas, sobre la restricción de la demanda de drogas ilícitas.<br /><br />Una reforma efectiva y pragmática de la política de drogas debe ir más allá de los límites tradicionales de la erradicación, las incautaciones y arrestos, y moverse hacia indicadores más genuinos y válidos, como son los derechos humanos, el bienestar social de las poblaciones afectadas, la estabilidad económica, la ciudadanía, el estado de derecho, la desmilitarización, el compromiso positivo con el estado, la transparencia, y la habilidad de monitorear efectiva y cuantitativamente el impacto y la sostenibilidad.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/18025667" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5995b1cad2299d50d1c425995a511814" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39834934,"asset_id":18025667,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39834934/download_file?st=MTczMzAzNDQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9111677" href="https://ain-bolivia.academia.edu/KathrynLedebur">Kathryn Ledebur</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9111677" type="text/json">{"id":9111677,"first_name":"Kathryn","last_name":"Ledebur","domain_name":"ain-bolivia","page_name":"KathrynLedebur","display_name":"Kathryn Ledebur","profile_url":"https://ain-bolivia.academia.edu/KathrynLedebur?f_ri=53881","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9111677/2950707/36275688/s65_kathryn.ledebur.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_18025667 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="18025667"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 18025667, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_18025667", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=18025667]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_18025667").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_18025667").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="18025667"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3820" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bolivian_studies">Bolivian studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3820" type="text/json">{"id":3820,"name":"Bolivian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bolivian_studies?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11552" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bolivia">Bolivia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11552" type="text/json">{"id":11552,"name":"Bolivia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bolivia?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33765" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_America_esp._Bolivia_and_Peru_">Latin America (esp. Bolivia and Peru)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="33765" type="text/json">{"id":33765,"name":"Latin America (esp. Bolivia and Peru)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_America_esp._Bolivia_and_Peru_?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53881" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy">Drug Policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="53881" type="text/json">{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=18025667]'), work: {"id":18025667,"title":"Habeas Coca: El Control Social de la Coca en Bolivia","created_at":"2015-11-09T08:12:01.193-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/18025667/Habeas_Coca_El_Control_Social_de_la_Coca_en_Bolivia?f_ri=53881","dom_id":"work_18025667","summary":"Habeas Coca sostiene que el programa de control social de la coca de Bolivia es una alternativa rentable y menos violenta a la erradicación forzosa de la coca, vigente en Colombia y Perú.Más de dos décadas de políticas de erradicación han sido un fracaso demostrable en los tres países andinos, generando pobreza y graves violaciones a los derechos humanos. Asimismo, estas estrategias fallidas fortalecieron a los grupos insurgentes de Colombia yPerú, alejándose del cumplimento de los objetivos de control de los cultivos de coca y la disminución del comercio ilegal de cocaína.\n\n Si bien la política de Bolivia redujo efectivamente el cultivo de coca en un 34 por ciento desde 2010 hasta 2014,5 para comprender los alcances de sus políticas, es de vital importancia reconocer que ellas no están diseñadas para, ni pueden, limitar el tráfico de drogas. Debido a que el precio de la hoja de coca ha aumentado a causa del programa actual, la coca peruana, más barata, y sus derivados pasan por Bolivia hacia países de tránsito y consumo, como Brasil. Es la demanda, y no la oferta, la que impulsa el tráfico de drogas, y ésta se origina casi por completo fuera de las fronteras bolivianas.\n\nLa iniciativa de Bolivia busca principalmente reducir el daño a los productores de coca sustituyendo el modelo de la erradicación forzosa basada en la intervención de fuerzas policiales y militares, por otro en el que participen activamente los productores como ciudadanos, incrementando su participación en la determinación del futuro de sus comunidades. Este modelo es más eficiente en áreas donde los residentes apoyan al gobierno actual. Sin\nembargo, necesita consolidarse más en áreas donde no existe una fuerte influencia del gobierno, y donde las organizaciones sindicales de cultivadores de coca están en conflicto\nentre sí. En el Chapare, la región del presidente Evo Morales, la combinación del nuevo enfoque con otras políticas gubernamentales ha reducido dramáticamente el número de muertes y lesiones de los productores de coca, relacionadas con la erradicación forzosa, lo cual ha hecho posible que los cocaleros diversifiquen sus fuentes de ingreso. Esta iniciativa se estructura en torno a la negociación y el reconocimiento de las organizaciones locales como socias, lo cual garantiza a los productores de coca un ingreso para subsistir. Esto se combina con el establecimiento de sus identidades legales como cocaleros registrados, lo cual genera, a su vez, un nuevo sentido de los derechos ciudadanos, lo cual los compromete a limitar los\ncultivos de coca, y ayuda a producir resultados transparentes y verificables. El resultado es un programa que la Organización de los Estados Americanos (OEA) llama “buenas prácticas... disponibles para uso o réplica.” El embajador de la Unión Europea (UE) en Bolivia, Timothy Torlot, describió el programa como “Para mí, el trabajo que hemos hecho es exitoso, los resultados también se ven en la reducción exitosa y sostenida de la producción de coca del país,… nuestra experiencia como Unión Europea ha sido muy positiva”.\n\nSi bien Bolivia ha desarrollado un primer programa muy prometedor de control de la oferta, que refleja ampliamente los principios de la reducción del daño que han sido implementados\nen algunos países en cuanto a la demanda, su mismo éxito ilustra claramente el efecto mínimo que tienen los esfuerzos para controlar la oferta de drogas, sobre la restricción de la demanda de drogas ilícitas.\n\nUna reforma efectiva y pragmática de la política de drogas debe ir más allá de los límites tradicionales de la erradicación, las incautaciones y arrestos, y moverse hacia indicadores más genuinos y válidos, como son los derechos humanos, el bienestar social de las poblaciones afectadas, la estabilidad económica, la ciudadanía, el estado de derecho, la desmilitarización, el compromiso positivo con el estado, la transparencia, y la habilidad de monitorear efectiva y cuantitativamente el impacto y la sostenibilidad.\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39834934,"asset_id":18025667,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9111677,"first_name":"Kathryn","last_name":"Ledebur","domain_name":"ain-bolivia","page_name":"KathrynLedebur","display_name":"Kathryn Ledebur","profile_url":"https://ain-bolivia.academia.edu/KathrynLedebur?f_ri=53881","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9111677/2950707/36275688/s65_kathryn.ledebur.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3820,"name":"Bolivian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bolivian_studies?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":11552,"name":"Bolivia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bolivia?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":33765,"name":"Latin America (esp. 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Friedman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27706674" type="text/json">{"id":27706674,"first_name":"Samuel R.","last_name":"Friedman","domain_name":"ndri","page_name":"SamuelRFriedman","display_name":"Samuel R. 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u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_30145860" data-work_id="30145860" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30145860/With_both_eyes_open_Notes_on_a_disciplinary_dialogue_between_ethnographic_and_epidemiological_research_among_injection_drug_users">With both eyes open: Notes on a disciplinary dialogue between ethnographic and epidemiological research among injection drug users</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/30145860" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="51095c505dbf90fcb2404b683f2e7ce3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50603216,"asset_id":30145860,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50603216/download_file?st=MTczMzAzNDQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="57367748" href="https://ucsf.academia.edu/DanCiccarone">Dan Ciccarone</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="57367748" type="text/json">{"id":57367748,"first_name":"Dan","last_name":"Ciccarone","domain_name":"ucsf","page_name":"DanCiccarone","display_name":"Dan Ciccarone","profile_url":"https://ucsf.academia.edu/DanCiccarone?f_ri=53881","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_30145860 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="30145860"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 30145860, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_30145860", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_30145860 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=30145860]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_30145860").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_30145860").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="30145860"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i></div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl6x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53881" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy">Drug Policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="53881" type="text/json">{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (false) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=30145860]'), work: {"id":30145860,"title":"With both eyes open: Notes on a disciplinary dialogue between ethnographic and epidemiological research among injection drug users","created_at":"2016-11-28T17:29:39.187-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/30145860/With_both_eyes_open_Notes_on_a_disciplinary_dialogue_between_ethnographic_and_epidemiological_research_among_injection_drug_users?f_ri=53881","dom_id":"work_30145860","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50603216,"asset_id":30145860,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":57367748,"first_name":"Dan","last_name":"Ciccarone","domain_name":"ucsf","page_name":"DanCiccarone","display_name":"Dan Ciccarone","profile_url":"https://ucsf.academia.edu/DanCiccarone?f_ri=53881","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div 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data-work_id="197307" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/197307/Buchanan_J_and_Corby_B_2005_Drug_Misuse_and_Safeguarding_Children_A_Multi_agency_Approach_pp_163_179_in_R_Carnwell_and_J_Buchanan_Effective_Practice_in_Health_and_Social_Care_A_Partnership_Approach_Open_University_Press_Maidenhead">Buchanan J & Corby B (2005) Drug Misuse and Safeguarding Children: A Multi agency Approach pp 163-179 in R Carnwell & J Buchanan ‘Effective Practice in Health & Social Care: A Partnership Approach’ Open University Press, Maidenhead</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This chapter will: explore the social context in which ‘problem drug users’ and ‘inadequate parents’ are constructed; outline key issues and difficulties involved in working with problem drug users whose children are considered to be at... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_197307" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This chapter will: explore the social context in which ‘problem drug users’ and ‘inadequate parents’ are constructed; outline key issues and difficulties involved in working with problem drug users whose children are considered to be at risk of abuse or neglect; draw on research carried out with social workers, health visitors, drugs clinic workers and parents to examine the barriers of working together to assess children’s needs where parents misuse drugs; and  explore strategies for better partnership approaches.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button 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type="text/json">{"id":248,"name":"Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Psychology?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=197307]'), work: {"id":197307,"title":"Buchanan J \u0026 Corby B (2005) Drug Misuse and Safeguarding Children: A Multi agency Approach pp 163-179 in R Carnwell \u0026 J Buchanan ‘Effective Practice in Health \u0026 Social Care: A Partnership Approach’ Open University Press, Maidenhead","created_at":"2009-11-16T23:23:34.582-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/197307/Buchanan_J_and_Corby_B_2005_Drug_Misuse_and_Safeguarding_Children_A_Multi_agency_Approach_pp_163_179_in_R_Carnwell_and_J_Buchanan_Effective_Practice_in_Health_and_Social_Care_A_Partnership_Approach_Open_University_Press_Maidenhead?f_ri=53881","dom_id":"work_197307","summary":"This chapter will: explore the social context in which ‘problem drug users’ and ‘inadequate parents’ are constructed; outline key issues and difficulties involved in working with problem drug users whose children are considered to be at risk of abuse or neglect; draw on research carried out with social workers, health visitors, drugs clinic workers and parents to examine the barriers of working together to assess children’s needs where parents misuse drugs; and explore strategies for better partnership approaches.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63722522,"asset_id":197307,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14644,"first_name":"Julian","last_name":"Buchanan","domain_name":"victoria","page_name":"JulianBuchanan","display_name":"Julian Buchanan","profile_url":"https://victoria.academia.edu/JulianBuchanan?f_ri=53881","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14644/4896/116740/s65_julian.buchanan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":189,"name":"Criminology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminology?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":213,"name":"Sociology Of Deviance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_Of_Deviance?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":248,"name":"Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Psychology?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=53881"},{"id":537,"name":"Criminal Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Justice?f_ri=53881"},{"id":940,"name":"Social 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href="https://www.academia.edu/36152887/Drug_testing_and_mandatory_treatment_for_welfare_recipients">Drug testing and mandatory treatment for welfare recipients</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36152887" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f1fd1e8a0c3fe994e2873dcc1231309b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56045267,"asset_id":36152887,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Use">Drug Use</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="47665" type="text/json">{"id":47665,"name":"Drug Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Use?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53881" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy">Drug Policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="53881" type="text/json">{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36152887]'), work: {"id":36152887,"title":"Drug testing and mandatory treatment for welfare 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class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12092453/Cigarette_smoking_as_a_stigma_evidence_from_france">Cigarette smoking as a stigma. evidence from france</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12092453" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7dc65ec657b47fae085864ad6c7dcf91" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46372017,"asset_id":12092453,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France">France</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="27336" type="text/json">{"id":27336,"name":"France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/France?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53881" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy">Drug Policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="53881" type="text/json">{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12092453]'), work: {"id":12092453,"title":"Cigarette smoking as a stigma. evidence from 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u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1195305/Gendering_the_agenda_women_drug_mules_in_resolution_52_1_of_the_Commission_of_Narcotic_Drugs_at_the_United_Nations">Gendering the agenda: women drug mules in resolution 52/1 of the Commission of Narcotic Drugs at the United Nations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1195305" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3bdaa06ff4bff7458ce843396d65c05e" rel="nofollow" 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that sovereignty over one’s consciousness is the next great civil rights struggle after sexism, racism, and homophobia. “Coming out” about one’s psychedelic identity, interests, and/or experiences is an important part of redefining the public perception of psychedelics and of those who choose to experience their effects. Even non-using “allies” (comparable to LGBTQ allies) can join the conversation in supportive roles. In light of the shifting legal status of psychoactive plants and chemicals, what might it mean to identify as psychedelic in a post-prohibition world?</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12069839" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e1ab4be7a1281ddba237e5ab92078cde" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37393314,"asset_id":12069839,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37393314/download_file?st=MTczMzAzNDQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="268034" href="https://johnshopkins.academia.edu/ndevenot">Neşe Devenot</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="268034" type="text/json">{"id":268034,"first_name":"Neşe","last_name":"Devenot","domain_name":"johnshopkins","page_name":"ndevenot","display_name":"Neşe Devenot","profile_url":"https://johnshopkins.academia.edu/ndevenot?f_ri=53881","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/268034/431775/1541976/s65_ne_e.devenot.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12069839 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12069839"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12069839, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12069839", }); 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An alcohol and drug clinician's guide to addressing family and domestic violence</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3510657" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="065fb3bf4527c3500e692e4d6c94cefa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31277574,"asset_id":3510657,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31277574/download_file?st=MTczMzAzNDQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1488826" href="https://adelaide1.academia.edu/SamanthaBattams">Associate Professor Samantha Battams</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1488826" type="text/json">{"id":1488826,"first_name":"Associate Professor Samantha","last_name":"Battams","domain_name":"adelaide1","page_name":"SamanthaBattams","display_name":"Associate Professor Samantha Battams","profile_url":"https://adelaide1.academia.edu/SamanthaBattams?f_ri=53881","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1488826/530449/100194610/s65_associate_professor_samantha.battams.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3510657 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3510657"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3510657, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3510657", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3510657]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3510657").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3510657").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3510657"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1663" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Domestic_Violence">Domestic Violence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1663" type="text/json">{"id":1663,"name":"Domestic Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Domestic_Violence?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53881" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy">Drug Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="53881" type="text/json">{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67796" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance_Abuse">Substance Abuse</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="67796" type="text/json">{"id":67796,"name":"Substance Abuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance_Abuse?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="129428" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Addiction">Drug Addiction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="129428" type="text/json">{"id":129428,"name":"Drug Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Addiction?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3510657]'), work: {"id":3510657,"title":"Can I ask? An alcohol and drug clinician's guide to addressing family and domestic violence","created_at":"2013-05-10T22:19:52.144-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3510657/Can_I_ask_An_alcohol_and_drug_clinicians_guide_to_addressing_family_and_domestic_violence?f_ri=53881","dom_id":"work_3510657","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31277574,"asset_id":3510657,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1488826,"first_name":"Associate Professor Samantha","last_name":"Battams","domain_name":"adelaide1","page_name":"SamanthaBattams","display_name":"Associate Professor Samantha Battams","profile_url":"https://adelaide1.academia.edu/SamanthaBattams?f_ri=53881","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1488826/530449/100194610/s65_associate_professor_samantha.battams.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1663,"name":"Domestic Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Domestic_Violence?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":67796,"name":"Substance Abuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance_Abuse?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":129428,"name":"Drug Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Addiction?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":864175,"name":"Alcohol Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alcohol_Addiction?f_ri=53881"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19929896 coauthored" data-work_id="19929896" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19929896/Drug_Demand_Reduction_Policy_and_Practice_in_the_United_States_A_Preliminary_Review">Drug Demand Reduction Policy and Practice in the United States: A Preliminary Review</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This chapter examines the measures taken to reduce demand for illicit drugs in the United States and evaluates their effectiveness.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19929896" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="66c353090d9ad28866f63dfd797cf27b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40920892,"asset_id":19929896,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40920892/download_file?st=MTczMzAzNDQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41449909" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WCarstenAndresen">W. 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} })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47781110" data-work_id="47781110" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47781110/Race_and_Rhetoric_in_Reagans_War_on_Drugs">Race and Rhetoric in Reagan's War on Drugs</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47781110" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li 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Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=53881"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11520928" data-work_id="11520928" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11520928/Mental_Health_and_Substance_Use_dual_diagnosis">Mental Health and Substance Use: dual diagnosis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/11520928" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span 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class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28125119" href="https://curtinedu.academia.edu/MichaelJCole">Michael Cole</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28125119" type="text/json">{"id":28125119,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Cole","domain_name":"curtinedu","page_name":"MichaelJCole","display_name":"Michael Cole","profile_url":"https://curtinedu.academia.edu/MichaelJCole?f_ri=53881","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_11520928 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="11520928"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 11520928, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_11520928", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_11520928 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry">Psychiatry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="635" type="text/json">{"id":635,"name":"Psychiatry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychiatry?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2484" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs_And_Addiction">Drugs And Addiction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2484" type="text/json">{"id":2484,"name":"Drugs And Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs_And_Addiction?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4423" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Monitoring_And_Evaluation">Monitoring And Evaluation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4423" type="text/json">{"id":4423,"name":"Monitoring And 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treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alcohol_and_drug_treatment?f_ri=53881"},{"id":115243,"name":"International Development Cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development_Cooperation?f_ri=53881"},{"id":154993,"name":"International Aid and Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Aid_and_Development?f_ri=53881"},{"id":766173,"name":"Dual Diagnosis Treatment for Mental Illness and Substance Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dual_Diagnosis_Treatment_for_Mental_Illness_and_Substance_Disorders?f_ri=53881"},{"id":1030248,"name":"Politics of International Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_of_International_Development?f_ri=53881"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75435746" data-work_id="75435746" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/75435746/Crack_and_Criminal_Justice_in_Canton_Ohio_1987_1999_The_Drug_Problem_has_Created_a_Monster_">Crack and Criminal Justice in Canton, Ohio, 1987–1999: “The Drug Problem has Created a Monster”</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The rise of crack cocaine in the late 1980s propelled the war on drugs. The experience of Canton, Ohio, shows how the response to crack solidified mass incarceration. A declining industrial city of 84,000 people in northeast Ohio with... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75435746" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The rise of crack cocaine in the late 1980s propelled the war on drugs. The experience of Canton, Ohio, shows how the response to crack solidified mass incarceration. A declining industrial city of 84,000 people in northeast Ohio with deep-seated racial divides, it was overwhelmed by aggressive, enterprising crack dealers from outside the city. In response, politicians and residents united behind the strategy of incessant arrests and drastic prison sentences. The law-enforcement offensive worsened conditions while pursuing African Americans at blatantly disproportionate rates, but few people engaged in reframing the drug problem. Instead, a punitive citizenry positioned punishment as the principal remedy. The emergency foreclosed on more comprehensive assessments of the city’s tribulations, while the criminal justice system emerged as the paramount institution.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75435746" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8c00a5195967bdca4875ba5354f42547" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83205341,"asset_id":75435746,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83205341/download_file?st=MTczMzAzNDQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="54045292" href="https://metrostate.academia.edu/WillCooley">Will Cooley</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="54045292" type="text/json">{"id":54045292,"first_name":"Will","last_name":"Cooley","domain_name":"metrostate","page_name":"WillCooley","display_name":"Will Cooley","profile_url":"https://metrostate.academia.edu/WillCooley?f_ri=53881","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/54045292/14257342/15215799/s65_will.cooley.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75435746 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75435746"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75435746, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75435746", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_75435746 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75435746; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_75435746"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_75435746 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75435746"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75435746; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75435746]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_75435746").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_75435746").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="75435746"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13335" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_History">Policy History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13335" type="text/json">{"id":13335,"name":"Policy History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_History?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="44955" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crack">Crack</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="44955" type="text/json">{"id":44955,"name":"Crack","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crack?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53881" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy">Drug Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="53881" type="text/json">{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="91720" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ohio_History">Ohio History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="91720" type="text/json">{"id":91720,"name":"Ohio History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ohio_History?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=75435746]'), work: {"id":75435746,"title":"Crack and Criminal Justice in Canton, Ohio, 1987–1999: “The Drug Problem has Created a Monster”","created_at":"2022-04-04T08:31:17.298-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/75435746/Crack_and_Criminal_Justice_in_Canton_Ohio_1987_1999_The_Drug_Problem_has_Created_a_Monster_?f_ri=53881","dom_id":"work_75435746","summary":"The rise of crack cocaine in the late 1980s propelled the war on drugs. The experience of Canton, Ohio, shows how the response to crack solidified mass incarceration. A declining industrial city of 84,000 people in northeast Ohio with deep-seated racial divides, it was overwhelmed by aggressive, enterprising crack dealers from outside the city. In response, politicians and residents united behind the strategy of incessant arrests and drastic prison sentences. The law-enforcement offensive worsened conditions while pursuing African Americans at blatantly disproportionate rates, but few people engaged in reframing the drug problem. Instead, a punitive citizenry positioned punishment as the principal remedy. The emergency foreclosed on more comprehensive assessments of the city’s tribulations, while the criminal justice system emerged as the paramount institution.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83205341,"asset_id":75435746,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":54045292,"first_name":"Will","last_name":"Cooley","domain_name":"metrostate","page_name":"WillCooley","display_name":"Will Cooley","profile_url":"https://metrostate.academia.edu/WillCooley?f_ri=53881","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/54045292/14257342/15215799/s65_will.cooley.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":13335,"name":"Policy History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_History?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":44955,"name":"Crack","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crack?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":91720,"name":"Ohio History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ohio_History?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":113361,"name":"War on Drugs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War_on_Drugs?f_ri=53881"},{"id":510242,"name":"Police Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Police_Practice?f_ri=53881"},{"id":599635,"name":"Cambridge University","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cambridge_University?f_ri=53881"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_43416108" data-work_id="43416108" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/43416108/Western_and_Central_Europe_Towards_a_Cohesive_Model_for_Drug_Policies">Western and Central Europe: Towards a Cohesive Model for Drug Policies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In Europe, the extent of drug use and drug trafficking vary greatly from region to region. This is also true of domestic drug policies which, against many indicators, are very diverse. However, the deepening of the integration process of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43416108" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In Europe, the extent of drug use and drug trafficking vary greatly from region to region. This is also true of domestic drug policies which, against many indicators, are very diverse. However, the deepening of the integration process of the continent and the rise of subnational actors in the design of local responses to drug issues have led to a progressive convergence. A policy discourse and a legal attitude that favor treating and reintegrating drug users rather than depriving them of their liberty has been developing at the transnational level. A cultural model for drug policy is emerging with enough cohesion to be able to claim that the European Union and European states (including non-EU Member States) have reached shared positions on the political acceptability of harm-reduction measures. Meanwhile medicinal cannabis is increasingly making inroads in the field of conventional medicine and several jurisdictions have been developing tolerant policies regarding recreational cannabis.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43416108" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5e621f690867d918aa2fbe9b5deb3478" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63717059,"asset_id":43416108,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63717059/download_file?st=MTczMzAzNDQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32765853" href="https://univ-nantes.academia.edu/RenaudColson">Renaud Colson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32765853" type="text/json">{"id":32765853,"first_name":"Renaud","last_name":"Colson","domain_name":"univ-nantes","page_name":"RenaudColson","display_name":"Renaud Colson","profile_url":"https://univ-nantes.academia.edu/RenaudColson?f_ri=53881","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43416108 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43416108"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43416108, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43416108", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=43416108]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_43416108").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_43416108").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="43416108"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53881" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy">Drug Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="53881" type="text/json">{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="54580" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multilevel_governance">Multilevel governance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="54580" type="text/json">{"id":54580,"name":"Multilevel governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multilevel_governance?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="86387" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decriminalisation_of_Drugs">Decriminalisation of Drugs</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="86387" type="text/json">{"id":86387,"name":"Decriminalisation of Drugs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decriminalisation_of_Drugs?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="192905" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_drug_policy">European drug policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="192905" type="text/json">{"id":192905,"name":"European drug policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_drug_policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=43416108]'), work: {"id":43416108,"title":"Western and Central Europe: Towards a Cohesive Model for Drug Policies","created_at":"2020-06-23T06:22:52.697-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/43416108/Western_and_Central_Europe_Towards_a_Cohesive_Model_for_Drug_Policies?f_ri=53881","dom_id":"work_43416108","summary":"In Europe, the extent of drug use and drug trafficking vary greatly from region to region. This is also true of domestic drug policies which, against many indicators, are very diverse. However, the deepening of the integration process of the continent and the rise of subnational actors in the design of local responses to drug issues have led to a progressive convergence. A policy discourse and a legal attitude that favor treating and reintegrating drug users rather than depriving them of their liberty has been developing at the transnational level. A cultural model for drug policy is emerging with enough cohesion to be able to claim that the European Union and European states (including non-EU Member States) have reached shared positions on the political acceptability of harm-reduction measures. Meanwhile medicinal cannabis is increasingly making inroads in the field of conventional medicine and several jurisdictions have been developing tolerant policies regarding recreational cannabis.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63717059,"asset_id":43416108,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32765853,"first_name":"Renaud","last_name":"Colson","domain_name":"univ-nantes","page_name":"RenaudColson","display_name":"Renaud Colson","profile_url":"https://univ-nantes.academia.edu/RenaudColson?f_ri=53881","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":54580,"name":"Multilevel governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multilevel_governance?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":86387,"name":"Decriminalisation of Drugs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decriminalisation_of_Drugs?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":192905,"name":"European drug policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_drug_policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":216456,"name":"International Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37443552" data-work_id="37443552" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37443552/Ani_Khodaverdian_From_Criminalization_to_Rehabilitation_Abandoning_the_War_on_Drugs">Ani Khodaverdian From Criminalization to Rehabilitation Abandoning the War on Drugs</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37443552" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="01190c29aec4e7276d3082fe708442cf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57410420,"asset_id":37443552,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57410420/download_file?st=MTczMzAzNDQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down 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href="https://www.academia.edu/24310276/Prejudice_among_health_care_workers_toward_injecting_drug_users_with_hepatitis_C_does_greater_contact_lead_to_less_prejudice">Prejudice among health care workers toward injecting drug users with hepatitis C: does greater contact lead to less prejudice?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The current research measured explicit (self-reported) and implicit (or unconscious) attitudes of health care workers and their drug injecting clients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) toward each other, and the association of these attitudes... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24310276" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The current research measured explicit (self-reported) and implicit (or unconscious) attitudes of health care workers and their drug injecting clients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) toward each other, and the association of these attitudes with contact. Sixty health care workers and 120 of their clients with HCV acquired from injecting drug use were administered attitude measures to determine whether greater contact with HCV positive clients would result in more favourable attitudes on the part of health care workers toward these clients, and also on the part of these clients towards their health care workers. Findings suggest that increased contact with clients with HCV is associated with more favourable explicit attitudes and more negative implicit attitudes among health care workers toward injecting drug users. Health care workers who had greater contact with HCV positive clients also had HCV positive clients who held more favourable explicit attitudes toward health care workers, b...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24310276" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cb699e13bfae74bac7595c79c7d36978" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44647123,"asset_id":24310276,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44647123/download_file?st=MTczMzAzNDQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="130881" href="https://unsw.academia.edu/SusanKippax">Susan Kippax</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="130881" type="text/json">{"id":130881,"first_name":"Susan","last_name":"Kippax","domain_name":"unsw","page_name":"SusanKippax","display_name":"Susan Kippax","profile_url":"https://unsw.academia.edu/SusanKippax?f_ri=53881","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24310276 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24310276"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24310276, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24310276", }); 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Sixty health care workers and 120 of their clients with HCV acquired from injecting drug use were administered attitude measures to determine whether greater contact with HCV positive clients would result in more favourable attitudes on the part of health care workers toward these clients, and also on the part of these clients towards their health care workers. Findings suggest that increased contact with clients with HCV is associated with more favourable explicit attitudes and more negative implicit attitudes among health care workers toward injecting drug users. Health care workers who had greater contact with HCV positive clients also had HCV positive clients who held more favourable explicit attitudes toward health care workers, b...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44647123,"asset_id":24310276,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":130881,"first_name":"Susan","last_name":"Kippax","domain_name":"unsw","page_name":"SusanKippax","display_name":"Susan Kippax","profile_url":"https://unsw.academia.edu/SusanKippax?f_ri=53881","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1116,"name":"Public Opinion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Opinion?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":5906,"name":"Prejudice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prejudice?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":27385,"name":"Hepatitis C","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hepatitis_C?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":53881,"name":"Drug 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Grob","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/CharlesGrob?f_ri=53881","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":72938,"name":"Placebo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Placebo?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":979686,"name":"Human Subjects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Subjects?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49487838" data-work_id="49487838" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49487838/B%E1%BB%98_C%C3%82U_H%E1%BB%8EI_TR%E1%BA%AEC_NGHI%E1%BB%86M_LU%E1%BA%ACT_PH%C3%92NG_CH%E1%BB%90NG_MA_T%C3%9AY_2021">BỘ CÂU HỎI TRẮC NGHIỆM LUẬT PHÒNG, CHỐNG MA TÚY 2021</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Bộ câu hỏi trắc nghiệm Luật Phòng, chống ma túy 2021 hy vọng sẽ giúp quý Thầy, Cô, các bạn Học sinh, Sinh viên trong công tác tuyên truyền, phổ biến Luật.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49487838" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a0d2240a8987ce0589c9eab8715fcbd9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67828507,"asset_id":49487838,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67828507/download_file?st=MTczMzAzNDQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="147497202" href="https://vnuhcm.academia.edu/AnhTr%E1%BA%A7nNh%C6%B0Minh">Anh Trần Như Minh</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="147497202" type="text/json">{"id":147497202,"first_name":"Anh","last_name":"Trần Như Minh","domain_name":"vnuhcm","page_name":"AnhTrầnNhưMinh","display_name":"Anh Trần Như Minh","profile_url":"https://vnuhcm.academia.edu/AnhTr%E1%BA%A7nNh%C6%B0Minh?f_ri=53881","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/147497202/59465023/47710501/s65_anh.tr_n_nh_minh.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49487838 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49487838"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49487838, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49487838", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49487838 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49487838; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49487838"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49487838 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49487838"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49487838; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49487838]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49487838").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49487838").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49487838"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="535" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law-1">Criminal Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="535" type="text/json">{"id":535,"name":"Criminal Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law-1?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53881" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy">Drug Policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="53881" type="text/json">{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49487838]'), work: {"id":49487838,"title":"BỘ CÂU HỎI TRẮC NGHIỆM LUẬT PHÒNG, CHỐNG MA TÚY 2021","created_at":"2021-07-01T00:37:07.775-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49487838/B%E1%BB%98_C%C3%82U_H%E1%BB%8EI_TR%E1%BA%AEC_NGHI%E1%BB%86M_LU%E1%BA%ACT_PH%C3%92NG_CH%E1%BB%90NG_MA_T%C3%9AY_2021?f_ri=53881","dom_id":"work_49487838","summary":"Bộ câu hỏi trắc nghiệm Luật Phòng, chống ma túy 2021 hy vọng sẽ giúp quý Thầy, Cô, các bạn Học sinh, Sinh viên trong công tác tuyên truyền, phổ biến Luật.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67828507,"asset_id":49487838,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":147497202,"first_name":"Anh","last_name":"Trần Như Minh","domain_name":"vnuhcm","page_name":"AnhTrầnNhưMinh","display_name":"Anh Trần Như Minh","profile_url":"https://vnuhcm.academia.edu/AnhTr%E1%BA%A7nNh%C6%B0Minh?f_ri=53881","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/147497202/59465023/47710501/s65_anh.tr_n_nh_minh.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":535,"name":"Criminal Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law-1?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28990213" data-work_id="28990213" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28990213/Jonathan_Lewy_Drugs_in_Germany_and_the_United_States_1819_1945_The_Birth_of_Two_Addictions_Wissen_%C3%BCber_Waren_Vol_2_">Jonathan Lewy: Drugs in Germany and the United States, 1819–1945: The Birth of Two Addictions (Wissen über Waren, Vol. 2)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The use of drugs is as old as history. However, it was only fairly recently that, following the rise of modern medicine, the concept of 'drug addiction' was born and came to be seen as a clinical and a social disorder. Focusing on the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_28990213" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The use of drugs is as old as history. However, it was only fairly recently that, following the rise of modern medicine, the concept of 'drug addiction' was born and came to be seen as a clinical and a social disorder. Focusing on the period from 1800 to the end of World War II, The Two Births of Addiction traces the way this idea developed in two very different countries: Germany and the United States. It also explains why alcohol is legal, whereas heroin and cocaine are not; follows the links between America's war on drugs on one hand and its racism on the other; and demonstrates the very different roles played by the medical establishments in the two countries under consideration. For anyone interested in the history of drugs and medicine as well as their interaction with politics, justice and the law, this book is a must.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28990213" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e4bd1438db7903475101d24867011ab4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50974703,"asset_id":28990213,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50974703/download_file?st=MTczMzAzNDQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2798816" href="https://nord.academia.edu/FrankJacob">Frank Jacob</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2798816" type="text/json">{"id":2798816,"first_name":"Frank","last_name":"Jacob","domain_name":"nord","page_name":"FrankJacob","display_name":"Frank Jacob","profile_url":"https://nord.academia.edu/FrankJacob?f_ri=53881","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2798816/916166/1292863/s65_frank.jacob.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_28990213 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="28990213"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 28990213, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_28990213", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_28990213 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28990213; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28990213"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28990213 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28990213"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28990213; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28990213]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28990213").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28990213").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28990213"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2484" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs_And_Addiction">Drugs And Addiction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2484" type="text/json">{"id":2484,"name":"Drugs And Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs_And_Addiction?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7989" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs_and_drug_culture">Drugs and drug culture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7989" type="text/json">{"id":7989,"name":"Drugs and drug culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs_and_drug_culture?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28990213]'), work: {"id":28990213,"title":"Jonathan Lewy: Drugs in Germany and the United States, 1819–1945: The Birth of Two Addictions (Wissen über Waren, Vol. 2)","created_at":"2016-10-07T13:54:59.918-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28990213/Jonathan_Lewy_Drugs_in_Germany_and_the_United_States_1819_1945_The_Birth_of_Two_Addictions_Wissen_%C3%BCber_Waren_Vol_2_?f_ri=53881","dom_id":"work_28990213","summary":"The use of drugs is as old as history. However, it was only fairly recently that, following the rise of modern medicine, the concept of 'drug addiction' was born and came to be seen as a clinical and a social disorder. Focusing on the period from 1800 to the end of World War II, The Two Births of Addiction traces the way this idea developed in two very different countries: Germany and the United States. It also explains why alcohol is legal, whereas heroin and cocaine are not; follows the links between America's war on drugs on one hand and its racism on the other; and demonstrates the very different roles played by the medical establishments in the two countries under consideration. For anyone interested in the history of drugs and medicine as well as their interaction with politics, justice and the law, this book is a must.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50974703,"asset_id":28990213,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2798816,"first_name":"Frank","last_name":"Jacob","domain_name":"nord","page_name":"FrankJacob","display_name":"Frank Jacob","profile_url":"https://nord.academia.edu/FrankJacob?f_ri=53881","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2798816/916166/1292863/s65_frank.jacob.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":2484,"name":"Drugs And Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs_And_Addiction?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":7989,"name":"Drugs and drug culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs_and_drug_culture?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881"},{"id":62945,"name":"Drugs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs?f_ri=53881"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29719294" data-work_id="29719294" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29719294/Drug_treatment_court_of_Vancouver_An_empirical_evaluation_of_recidivism">Drug treatment court of Vancouver: An empirical evaluation of recidivism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">BACKGROUND: Drug treatment courts (DTCs) have proliferated on the basis of their promise to reduce criminal recidivism among the burgeoning numbers of drug-related offenders. Empirical research on the effectiveness of DTCs indicates that... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29719294" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">BACKGROUND: Drug treatment courts (DTCs) have proliferated on the basis of their promise to reduce criminal recidivism among the burgeoning numbers of drug-related offenders. Empirical research on the effectiveness of DTCs indicates that they produce reductions in recidivism, primarily drawn from experiences in the US. There are no published outcome studies on Canadian DTCs. Canada&#x27;s second DTC has operated in Vancouver&#x27;s Downtown Eastside since 2001. We examine longitudinal changes in recidivism and characteristics of participants in the DTC in Vancouver (DTCV). METHODS: DTCV participants (n=180) were included in a longitudinal cohort design (intent-to-treat), and a comparison group was derived using the propensity score matching method. Matching variables represented the domains of health, offending, and socio-economic histories as well as demographics. Annualized rates of offending were compared for the two years prior to entering DTCV and two years following programme ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29719294" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ff96cd8f696f415d1e06fae1fda7af1b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50171051,"asset_id":29719294,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50171051/download_file?st=MTczMzAzNDQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="56276335" href="https://sfu.academia.edu/JulianSomers">Julian M Somers</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="56276335" type="text/json">{"id":56276335,"first_name":"Julian","last_name":"Somers","domain_name":"sfu","page_name":"JulianSomers","display_name":"Julian M Somers","profile_url":"https://sfu.academia.edu/JulianSomers?f_ri=53881","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/56276335/15180158/15868198/s65_julian.somers.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29719294 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29719294"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29719294, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29719294", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_29719294 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29719294; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_29719294"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_29719294 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29719294"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29719294; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29719294]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29719294").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29719294").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29719294"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="542" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jurisprudence">Jurisprudence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="542" type="text/json">{"id":542,"name":"Jurisprudence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jurisprudence?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53881" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy">Drug Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="53881" type="text/json">{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="67360" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crime">Crime</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="67360" type="text/json">{"id":67360,"name":"Crime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crime?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="133057" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult">Young Adult</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="133057" type="text/json">{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29719294]'), work: {"id":29719294,"title":"Drug treatment court of Vancouver: An empirical evaluation of recidivism","created_at":"2016-11-07T12:24:43.018-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29719294/Drug_treatment_court_of_Vancouver_An_empirical_evaluation_of_recidivism?f_ri=53881","dom_id":"work_29719294","summary":"BACKGROUND: Drug treatment courts (DTCs) have proliferated on the basis of their promise to reduce criminal recidivism among the burgeoning numbers of drug-related offenders. Empirical research on the effectiveness of DTCs indicates that they produce reductions in recidivism, primarily drawn from experiences in the US. There are no published outcome studies on Canadian DTCs. Canada\u0026#x27;s second DTC has operated in Vancouver\u0026#x27;s Downtown Eastside since 2001. We examine longitudinal changes in recidivism and characteristics of participants in the DTC in Vancouver (DTCV). METHODS: DTCV participants (n=180) were included in a longitudinal cohort design (intent-to-treat), and a comparison group was derived using the propensity score matching method. Matching variables represented the domains of health, offending, and socio-economic histories as well as demographics. Annualized rates of offending were compared for the two years prior to entering DTCV and two years following programme ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50171051,"asset_id":29719294,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":56276335,"first_name":"Julian","last_name":"Somers","domain_name":"sfu","page_name":"JulianSomers","display_name":"Julian M Somers","profile_url":"https://sfu.academia.edu/JulianSomers?f_ri=53881","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/56276335/15180158/15868198/s65_julian.somers.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":542,"name":"Jurisprudence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jurisprudence?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":67360,"name":"Crime","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crime?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":171272,"name":"Propensity Score","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Propensity_Score?f_ri=53881"},{"id":198379,"name":"British Columbia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/British_Columbia?f_ri=53881"},{"id":234187,"name":"Recurrence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recurrence?f_ri=53881"},{"id":330953,"name":"Longitudinal Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Longitudinal_Studies?f_ri=53881"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=53881"},{"id":1423077,"name":"Substance-Related Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Substance-Related_Disorders?f_ri=53881"},{"id":1819400,"name":"Cohort Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cohort_Studies?f_ri=53881"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29094648" data-work_id="29094648" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29094648/How_Democratic_Is_Governance_Lessons_from_Swiss_Drug_Policy">How Democratic Is " Governance " ? Lessons from Swiss Drug Policy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Public action increasingly takes place in self-organizing networks that are remote from direct governmental control. While these transformations have been subject to scrutiny in regard to their efficiency, less attention has been paid to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_29094648" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Public action increasingly takes place in self-organizing networks that are remote from direct governmental control. While these transformations have been subject to scrutiny in regard to their efficiency, less attention has been paid to their democratic quality. This article discusses governance-induced problems of democracy by isolating two major criticisms. Deliberative criticism argues that governance, rather than allowing for true deliberation in the public space, may lead to a loss of accountability. Participatory criticism stresses that governance impinges on participatory venues. The article discusses these criticisms theoretically and empirically, drawing from research on drug policy in Switzerland. The findings show that the criticisms are relevant, albeit not entirely justified.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29094648" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c931494fd59cec3e0df643b405349916" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49542672,"asset_id":29094648,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49542672/download_file?st=MTczMzAzNDQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44830027" href="https://unil.academia.edu/YannisPapadopoulos">Yannis Papadopoulos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44830027" type="text/json">{"id":44830027,"first_name":"Yannis","last_name":"Papadopoulos","domain_name":"unil","page_name":"YannisPapadopoulos","display_name":"Yannis Papadopoulos","profile_url":"https://unil.academia.edu/YannisPapadopoulos?f_ri=53881","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44830027/14014075/18745552/s65_yannis.papadopoulos.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_29094648 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="29094648"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 29094648, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_29094648", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_29094648 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29094648; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_29094648"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_29094648 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="29094648"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 29094648; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=29094648]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_29094648").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_29094648").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="29094648"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53881" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy">Drug Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="53881" type="text/json">{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="152580" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="152580" type="text/json">{"id":152580,"name":"Switzerland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Switzerland?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="579203" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democratic_Governance_and_Public_Policy">Democratic Governance and Public Policy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="579203" type="text/json">{"id":579203,"name":"Democratic Governance and Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democratic_Governance_and_Public_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=29094648]'), work: {"id":29094648,"title":"How Democratic Is \" Governance \" ? Lessons from Swiss Drug Policy","created_at":"2016-10-12T02:52:08.499-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/29094648/How_Democratic_Is_Governance_Lessons_from_Swiss_Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881","dom_id":"work_29094648","summary":"Public action increasingly takes place in self-organizing networks that are remote from direct governmental control. While these transformations have been subject to scrutiny in regard to their efficiency, less attention has been paid to their democratic quality. This article discusses governance-induced problems of democracy by isolating two major criticisms. Deliberative criticism argues that governance, rather than allowing for true deliberation in the public space, may lead to a loss of accountability. Participatory criticism stresses that governance impinges on participatory venues. The article discusses these criticisms theoretically and empirically, drawing from research on drug policy in Switzerland. The findings show that the criticisms are relevant, albeit not entirely justified.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49542672,"asset_id":29094648,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44830027,"first_name":"Yannis","last_name":"Papadopoulos","domain_name":"unil","page_name":"YannisPapadopoulos","display_name":"Yannis Papadopoulos","profile_url":"https://unil.academia.edu/YannisPapadopoulos?f_ri=53881","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/44830027/14014075/18745552/s65_yannis.papadopoulos.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":152580,"name":"Switzerland","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Switzerland?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":579203,"name":"Democratic Governance and Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democratic_Governance_and_Public_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_19779224" data-work_id="19779224" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19779224/Big_drinkers_How_BMI_gender_and_rules_of_thumb_influence_the_free_pouring_of_wine">Big drinkers: How BMI, gender and rules of thumb influence the free pouring of wine</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: This research examines free pouring behavior and provides an account of how Body Mass Index (BMI) and gender might lead to the overpouring, and consequently the overconsumption of wine. Methods: An observational study with... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_19779224" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: This research examines free pouring behavior and provides an account of how Body Mass Index (BMI) and gender might lead to the overpouring, and consequently the overconsumption of wine. Methods: An observational study with young adults investigated how BMI and gender affect free-pouring of wine over a variety of pouring scenarios, and how rules-of-thumb in pouring affect the quantities of alcohol poured by men and women across BMI categories. Results: For men, the amount poured was positively related to BMI. However, BMI did not affect pours by women. The use of the &quot;half glass&quot; rule-of-thumb in pouring reduced the volume of wine poured by over 20% for both men and women. Importantly, this rule-of-thumb substantially attenuated the pours by men at high BMI levels. Conclusion: Increasing awareness of pouring biases represents an early and effective step toward curbing alcohol consumption among men, and especially those who are overweight. Additionally, using a s...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/19779224" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4998bb4c56ac0930a9ed3856050b85dd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44074781,"asset_id":19779224,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44074781/download_file?st=MTczMzAzNDQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40496048" href="https://cornell.academia.edu/BrianWansink">Brian Wansink</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40496048" type="text/json">{"id":40496048,"first_name":"Brian","last_name":"Wansink","domain_name":"cornell","page_name":"BrianWansink","display_name":"Brian Wansink","profile_url":"https://cornell.academia.edu/BrianWansink?f_ri=53881","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40496048/11048813/93556953/s65_brian.wansink.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_19779224 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="19779224"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 19779224, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_19779224", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_19779224 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19779224; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_19779224"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_19779224 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="19779224"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 19779224; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=19779224]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_19779224").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_19779224").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="19779224"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38516" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wine">Wine</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38516" type="text/json">{"id":38516,"name":"Wine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wine?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="53881" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy">Drug Policy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="53881" type="text/json">{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="110254" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alcohol_Drinking">Alcohol Drinking</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="110254" type="text/json">{"id":110254,"name":"Alcohol Drinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alcohol_Drinking?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="133057" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult">Young Adult</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="133057" type="text/json">{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=19779224]'), work: {"id":19779224,"title":"Big drinkers: How BMI, gender and rules of thumb influence the free pouring of wine","created_at":"2015-12-22T00:13:38.178-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/19779224/Big_drinkers_How_BMI_gender_and_rules_of_thumb_influence_the_free_pouring_of_wine?f_ri=53881","dom_id":"work_19779224","summary":"Background: This research examines free pouring behavior and provides an account of how Body Mass Index (BMI) and gender might lead to the overpouring, and consequently the overconsumption of wine. Methods: An observational study with young adults investigated how BMI and gender affect free-pouring of wine over a variety of pouring scenarios, and how rules-of-thumb in pouring affect the quantities of alcohol poured by men and women across BMI categories. Results: For men, the amount poured was positively related to BMI. However, BMI did not affect pours by women. The use of the \u0026quot;half glass\u0026quot; rule-of-thumb in pouring reduced the volume of wine poured by over 20% for both men and women. Importantly, this rule-of-thumb substantially attenuated the pours by men at high BMI levels. Conclusion: Increasing awareness of pouring biases represents an early and effective step toward curbing alcohol consumption among men, and especially those who are overweight. Additionally, using a s...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44074781,"asset_id":19779224,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40496048,"first_name":"Brian","last_name":"Wansink","domain_name":"cornell","page_name":"BrianWansink","display_name":"Brian Wansink","profile_url":"https://cornell.academia.edu/BrianWansink?f_ri=53881","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40496048/11048813/93556953/s65_brian.wansink.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":38516,"name":"Wine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wine?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":110254,"name":"Alcohol Drinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alcohol_Drinking?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":192564,"name":"Body Mass Index","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Mass_Index?f_ri=53881"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32604944 coauthored" data-work_id="32604944" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32604944/Knowledge_Values_and_Needle_Exchange_Programs_in_Sweden">Knowledge, Values, and Needle Exchange Programs in Sweden</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Since the turn of the millennium, calls for evidence-based drug policy have become increasingly louder. In response, researchers have generated a large body of evidence in support of measures such as needle exchange programs (NEPs), while... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32604944" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Since the turn of the millennium, calls for evidence-based drug policy have become increasingly louder. In response, researchers have generated a large body of evidence in support of measures such as needle exchange programs (NEPs), while another strand of research testifies that policy makers often neglect to take the research evidence into account and hence fail to introduce these programs. This article studies the interplay between research-based knowledge, values, and policy making during 16 years of intense parliamentary debate in Sweden on the needle exchange issue. In 2000, the future of the two existing experimental NEPs was uncertain; in 2006, the regulations were reformed; and in 2015, they underwent a government inquiry. Both the reform and the inquiry aimed at regulating and expanding the programs. The analysis is guided by work done within the tradition of science-policy nexus, where the increased emphasis on evidence-based political measures is problematized. As drug policy arouses normative and ethical concerns, the analysis also explores values. The study illustrates the central role that values play in a policy field which is repeatedly declared to be science based. Within the overall framework of the Swedish drug policy ideology of a drug-free society, the advocates of NEPs framed drug misuse as a consequence of either an unjust society or a disease, arguing that because misuse is a condition beyond the control of the individual, the Swedish welfare state has an obligation to take care of those affected. For their part, the opponents framed drug misuse as a result of misguided attitudes, which would only be corrected by restrictions and prohibition. In their view, NEPs are a tool for drug policy liberalization. In the debate between the two positions, research evidence played only a minor role.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32604944" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6578598d4e0358785fe26d4e2bbbe1da" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65869226,"asset_id":32604944,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65869226/download_file?st=MTczMzAzNDQyOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="290882" href="https://su-se.academia.edu/JohanEdman">Johan Edman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="290882" type="text/json">{"id":290882,"first_name":"Johan","last_name":"Edman","domain_name":"su-se","page_name":"JohanEdman","display_name":"Johan Edman","profile_url":"https://su-se.academia.edu/JohanEdman?f_ri=53881","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/290882/58984/1463830/s65_johan.edman.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-32604944">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-32604944"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/LenaEriksson3">Lena Eriksson</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-32604944'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-32604944').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32604944 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32604944"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32604944, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32604944", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_32604944 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32604944; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_32604944"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_32604944 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32604944"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32604944; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32604944]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32604944").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32604944").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32604944"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2484" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs_And_Addiction">Drugs And Addiction</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2484" type="text/json">{"id":2484,"name":"Drugs And Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs_And_Addiction?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12920" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Alcohol_and_Drug_Use">History of Alcohol and Drug Use</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12920" type="text/json">{"id":12920,"name":"History of Alcohol and Drug Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Alcohol_and_Drug_Use?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42070" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Harm_Reduction">Harm Reduction</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="42070" type="text/json">{"id":42070,"name":"Harm Reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Harm_Reduction?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32604944]'), work: {"id":32604944,"title":"Knowledge, Values, and Needle Exchange Programs in Sweden","created_at":"2017-04-23T13:06:39.428-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32604944/Knowledge_Values_and_Needle_Exchange_Programs_in_Sweden?f_ri=53881","dom_id":"work_32604944","summary":"Since the turn of the millennium, calls for evidence-based drug policy have become increasingly louder. In response, researchers have generated a large body of evidence in support of measures such as needle exchange programs (NEPs), while another strand of research testifies that policy makers often neglect to take the research evidence into account and hence fail to introduce these programs. This article studies the interplay between research-based knowledge, values, and policy making during 16 years of intense parliamentary debate in Sweden on the needle exchange issue. In 2000, the future of the two existing experimental NEPs was uncertain; in 2006, the regulations were reformed; and in 2015, they underwent a government inquiry. Both the reform and the inquiry aimed at regulating and expanding the programs. The analysis is guided by work done within the tradition of science-policy nexus, where the increased emphasis on evidence-based political measures is problematized. As drug policy arouses normative and ethical concerns, the analysis also explores values. The study illustrates the central role that values play in a policy field which is repeatedly declared to be science based. Within the overall framework of the Swedish drug policy ideology of a drug-free society, the advocates of NEPs framed drug misuse as a consequence of either an unjust society or a disease, arguing that because misuse is a condition beyond the control of the individual, the Swedish welfare state has an obligation to take care of those affected. For their part, the opponents framed drug misuse as a result of misguided attitudes, which would only be corrected by restrictions and prohibition. In their view, NEPs are a tool for drug policy liberalization. In the debate between the two positions, research evidence played only a minor role.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65869226,"asset_id":32604944,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":290882,"first_name":"Johan","last_name":"Edman","domain_name":"su-se","page_name":"JohanEdman","display_name":"Johan Edman","profile_url":"https://su-se.academia.edu/JohanEdman?f_ri=53881","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/290882/58984/1463830/s65_johan.edman.jpg"},{"id":50162107,"first_name":"Lena","last_name":"Eriksson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LenaEriksson3","display_name":"Lena Eriksson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LenaEriksson3?f_ri=53881","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":2484,"name":"Drugs And Addiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drugs_And_Addiction?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":12920,"name":"History of Alcohol and Drug Use","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Alcohol_and_Drug_Use?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":42070,"name":"Harm Reduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Harm_Reduction?f_ri=53881","nofollow":false},{"id":44814,"name":"Sweden","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sweden?f_ri=53881"},{"id":53881,"name":"Drug Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_Policy?f_ri=53881"},{"id":57329,"name":"History of Narcotics and Drugs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Narcotics_and_Drugs?f_ri=53881"},{"id":136175,"name":"Needle Exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Needle_Exchange?f_ri=53881"},{"id":147301,"name":"Medicalisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicalisation?f_ri=53881"},{"id":147304,"name":"Medicalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicalization?f_ri=53881"},{"id":1678442,"name":"Needle and Syringe Exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Needle_and_Syringe_Exchange?f_ri=53881"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=53881"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_59942882" data-work_id="59942882" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59942882/Regulating_Cannabis_Social_Clubs_A_comparative_analysis_of_legal_and_self_regulatory_practices_in_Spain_Belgium_and_Uruguay">Regulating Cannabis Social Clubs: A comparative analysis of legal and self-regulatory practices in Spain, Belgium and Uruguay</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/59942882" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="960b5822007d98dcf6b14f7ad8ac49ef" rel="nofollow" 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