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<span>Career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Darul_Uloom_Deoband" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Darul_Uloom_Deoband"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Darul Uloom Deoband</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Darul_Uloom_Deoband-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Silk_Letter_Movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Silk_Letter_Movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Silk Letter Movement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Silk_Letter_Movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_translation_of_the_Quran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>The translation of the Quran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_translation_of_the_Quran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Al-Abwāb_wa_Al-Tarājim_li_al-Bukhāri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Al-Abwāb_wa_Al-Tarājim_li_al-Bukhāri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Al-Abwāb wa Al-Tarājim li al-Bukhāri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Al-Abwāb_wa_Al-Tarājim_li_al-Bukhāri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adilla-e-Kāmilah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adilla-e-Kāmilah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Adilla-e-Kāmilah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adilla-e-Kāmilah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Īzah_al-Adillah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Īzah_al-Adillah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Īzah al-Adillah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Īzah_al-Adillah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ahsan_al-Qirā" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ahsan_al-Qirā"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Ahsan al-Qirā</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ahsan_al-Qirā-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Juhd_al-Muqill" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Juhd_al-Muqill"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Juhd al-Muqill</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Juhd_al-Muqill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tas'hīh_Abu_Dawūd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tas'hīh_Abu_Dawūd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Tas'hīh Abu Dawūd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tas'hīh_Abu_Dawūd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Death and legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="محمود حسن الديوبندي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محمود حسن الديوبندي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF" title="মাহমুদ হাসান দেওবন্দি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাহমুদ হাসান দেওবন্দি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="महमूद हसन देवबंदी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="महमूद हसन देवबंदी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="Mahmud Hasan Deobandi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mahmud Hasan Deobandi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%AD%D9%8E%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8E%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="محمود حَسن دیوبَندی – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="محمود حَسن دیوبَندی" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%85%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BB" title="മഹമൂദ് അൽ ഹസൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മഹമൂദ് അൽ ഹസൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89" title="محمود حسن الديوبندى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="محمود حسن الديوبندى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="Mahmud Hasan Deobandi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mahmud Hasan Deobandi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="محمود حسن دیوبندی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="محمود حسن دیوبندی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%90%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="محمود الحسن دېوبندي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="محمود الحسن دېوبندي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="Mahmud Hasan Deobandi – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mahmud Hasan Deobandi" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%DB%81" title="محمود الحسن رحمة الله علیہ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="محمود الحسن رحمة الله علیہ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="محمود حسن دیوبندی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="محمود حسن دیوبندی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="Mahmud Hasan Deobandi – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Mahmud Hasan Deobandi" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6734521#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">3rd Principal of <a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Darul Uloom Deoband">Darul Uloom Deoband</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1890–1915</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_Dehlavi_(academic)" title="Syed Ahmad Dehlavi (academic)">Syed Ahmad Dehlavi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Shah_Kashmiri" title="Anwar Shah Kashmiri">Anwar Shah Kashmiri</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st President of <a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Hind" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind">Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />November 1920 – 30 November 1920</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kifayatullah_Dehlawi" title="Kifayatullah Dehlawi">Kifayatullah Dehlawi</a> (<small>as an interim president</small>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Kifayatullah Dehlawi</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #D3D3D3; color: #000000;">Personal</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1851<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Bareilly" title="Bareilly">Bareilly</a>, <a href="/wiki/North-Western_Provinces" title="North-Western Provinces">North-Western Provinces</a>, <a href="/wiki/Company_rule_in_India" title="Company rule in India">British India</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">30 November 1920<span style="display:none">(1920-11-30)</span> (aged 68–69)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, British India</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mazar-e-Qasmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazar-e-Qasmi">Mazar-e-Qasmi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data category">Islam</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Denomination</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisprudence</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Religious_movement" title="Religious movement">Movement</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Deobandi">Deobandi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Main interest(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">Exegesis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_freedom_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian freedom movement">Indian freedom movement</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable idea(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Silk_Letter_Movement" title="Silk Letter Movement">Silk Letter Movement</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable work(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><div><ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tafseer-e-Usmani" title="Tafseer-e-Usmani">Tarjuma Shaykh al-Hind</a></i></li><li><i>Adilla-e-Kāmilah</i></li><li><i>Īzah al-adillah</i></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Darul Uloom Deoband">Darul Uloom Deoband</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Teachers</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Deobandi" title="Mahmud Deobandi">Mahmud Deobandi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Qasim_Nanawtawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Qasim Nanawtawi">Muhammad Qasim Nanawtawi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Tariqa" title="Tariqa">Tariqa</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chishti_Order" title="Chishti Order">Chishtiya</a>-<a href="/wiki/Alauddin_Sabir_Kaliyari" title="Alauddin Sabir Kaliyari">Sabiriya</a>-<a href="/wiki/Imdadullah_Muhajir_Makki" title="Imdadullah Muhajir Makki">Imdadiya</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #D3D3D3; color: #000000;">Organization</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jamia_Millia_Islamia" title="Jamia Millia Islamia">Jamia Millia Islamia</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #D3D3D3; color: #000000;">Senior posting</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Disciple of</th><td class="infobox-data"><div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imdadullah_Muhajir_Makki" title="Imdadullah Muhajir Makki">Imdadullah Muhajir Makki</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ahmad_Gangohi" title="Rashid Ahmad Gangohi">Rashid Ahmad Gangohi</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding:0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Disciples</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:center;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/List_of_students_of_Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="List of students of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi">List of students of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding:0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Influenced</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:center;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/List_of_students_of_Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="List of students of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi">His students</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deobandis" class="mw-redirect" title="Deobandis">Deobandis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mahmud Hasan Deobandi</b> (also known as <b>Shaykh al-Hind</b>; 1851–1920) was an Indian Muslim scholar and an activist of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a>, who co-founded the <a href="/wiki/Jamia_Millia_Islamia" title="Jamia Millia Islamia">Jamia Millia Islamia</a> University and launched the <a href="/wiki/Silk_Letter_Movement" title="Silk Letter Movement">Silk Letter Movement</a> for the freedom of India. He was the first student to study at the <a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Darul Uloom Deoband">Darul Uloom Deoband</a> seminary. His teachers included <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Qasim_Nanawtawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Qasim Nanawtawi">Muhammad Qasim Nanawtawi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Deobandi" title="Mahmud Deobandi">Mahmud Deobandi</a>, and he was authorized in <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a> by <a href="/wiki/Imdadullah_Muhajir_Makki" title="Imdadullah Muhajir Makki">Imdadullah Muhajir Makki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ahmad_Gangohi" title="Rashid Ahmad Gangohi">Rashid Ahmad Gangohi</a>. </p><p>Hasan served as the principal of the Darul Uloom Deoband and founded organisations such as the Jamiatul Ansar and the Nizaratul Maarif. He wrote a translation of the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> in <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> and authored books such as <i>Adilla-e-Kāmilah</i>, <i>Īzah al-adillah</i>, <i>Ahsan al-Qirā</i> and <i>Juhd al-Muqill</i>. He taught <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a> at the Darul Uloom Deoband and copyedited the <i><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Abu_Dawud" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunan Abu Dawud">Sunan Abu Dawud</a></i>. His major students included <a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ali_Thanwi" title="Ashraf Ali Thanwi">Ashraf Ali Thanwi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Shah_Kashmiri" title="Anwar Shah Kashmiri">Anwar Shah Kashmiri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hussain_Ahmad_Madani" class="mw-redirect" title="Hussain Ahmad Madani">Hussain Ahmad Madani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kifayatullah_Dehlawi" title="Kifayatullah Dehlawi">Kifayatullah Dehlawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanaullah_Amritsari" title="Sanaullah Amritsari">Sanaullah Amritsari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaidullah Sindhi</a>. </p><p>Hasan was a staunch opponent of the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>. He launched movements to overthrow their power in India but was arrested in 1916 and imprisoned in <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>. He was released in 1920, and was honoured with the title of "Shaykh al-Hind" (The Leader of India) by the <a href="/wiki/Khilafat_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Khilafat movement">Khilafat committee</a>. He wrote religious edicts in support of the <a href="/wiki/Non-cooperation_movement_(1919%E2%80%9322)" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-cooperation movement (1919–22)">Non-cooperation movement</a> and travelled various parts of India, to enroll Muslims in the freedom movement. He presided the second general meeting of the <a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Hind" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind">Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind</a> in November 1920 and was appointed its president. The <a href="/wiki/Shaikh-Ul-Hind_Maulana_Mahmood_Hasan_Medical_College" title="Shaikh-Ul-Hind Maulana Mahmood Hasan Medical College">Shaikh-Ul-Hind Maulana Mahmood Hasan Medical College</a> is named in his memory. In 2013, the Government of India released a <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_stamp" title="Commemorative stamp">commemorative postal stamp</a> on his Silk Letter Movement. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Usmani_family_of_Deoband" title="Usmani family of Deoband">Usmani family of Deoband</a></div> <p>Mahmud Hasan was born in 1851 in the town of <a href="/wiki/Bareilly" title="Bareilly">Bareilly</a> (in modern <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>, India) into the <a href="/wiki/Usmani_family_of_Deoband" title="Usmani family of Deoband">Usmani family of Deoband</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi201245_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi201245-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETayyab199018_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETayyab199018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father, <a href="/wiki/Usmani_family_of_Deoband#Shaykh_Fateh_Ali" title="Usmani family of Deoband">Zulfiqar Ali Deobandi</a>, who co-founded the <a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Darul Uloom Deoband">Darul Uloom Deoband</a>, was a professor at the <a href="/wiki/Bareilly_College" title="Bareilly College">Bareilly College</a> and then served as the deputy inspector of <a href="/wiki/Madrasas" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrasas">madrasas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi201245_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi201245-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERizwi198093–94_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERizwi198093–94-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hasan studied the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> with Miyanji Manglori, and <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> with Abdul Lateef.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi201245_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi201245-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/1857_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="1857 rebellion">1857 rebellion</a>, his father was transferred to <a href="/wiki/Meerut" title="Meerut">Meerut</a>, and Hasan was shifted to <a href="/wiki/Deoband" title="Deoband">Deoband</a>, where he studied Persian and <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> literature from the <a href="/wiki/Dars-e-Nizami" class="mw-redirect" title="Dars-e-Nizami">Dars-e-Nizami</a> course with his uncle, Mehtab Ali.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi201245_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi201245-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became the first student at the <a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Darul Uloom Deoband">Darul Uloom Deoband</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalamParvaiz202048–49_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalamParvaiz202048–49-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and studied with <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Deobandi" title="Mahmud Deobandi">Mahmud Deobandi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi201246_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi201246-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He completed his formal studies in 1869 and went to <a href="/wiki/Meerut" title="Meerut">Meerut</a> to study the <i><a href="/wiki/Sihah_Sittah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sihah Sittah">Sihah Sittah</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Qasim_Nanawtawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Qasim Nanawtawi">Muhammad Qasim Nanawtawi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi201247_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi201247-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He attended the <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a> discourses of Nanawtawi for two years, and studied Arabic literature with his father during the vacations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi201248_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi201248-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He graduated in 1872 and received the turban of honour in 1873 in the first convocation of the Darul Uloom Deoband.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi201249_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi201249-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERizwi198120_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERizwi198120-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was an authorized disciple of <a href="/wiki/Imdadullah_Muhajir_Makki" title="Imdadullah Muhajir Makki">Imdadullah Muhajir Makki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ahmad_Gangohi" title="Rashid Ahmad Gangohi">Rashid Ahmad Gangohi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi201268_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi201268-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Darul_Uloom_Deoband">Darul Uloom Deoband</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Darul Uloom Deoband"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Darul Uloom Deoband">Darul Uloom Deoband</a></div> <p>Hasan was appointed a teacher at the Darul Uloom Deoband in 1873, the same year he completed his studies.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETayyab199018_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETayyab199018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became its <a href="/wiki/Head_teacher" title="Head teacher">principal</a> in 1890,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERizwi198120_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERizwi198120-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETayyab199020_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETayyab199020-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi201272_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi201272-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> succeeding <a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_Dehlavi_(academic)" title="Syed Ahmad Dehlavi (academic)">Syed Ahmad Dehlavi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He did not consider the Deoband seminary just a place of learning, but an institution established to compensate the loss of <a href="/wiki/1857_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="1857 rebellion">1857 rebellion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalamParvaiz202048–49_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalamParvaiz202048–49-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Darul_Uloom_Deoband.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Darul_Uloom_Deoband.jpg/220px-Darul_Uloom_Deoband.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Darul_Uloom_Deoband.jpg/330px-Darul_Uloom_Deoband.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Darul_Uloom_Deoband.jpg/440px-Darul_Uloom_Deoband.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>A view of Darul Uloom Deoband</figcaption></figure> <p>Hasan formed the Thamratut-Tarbiyat (The Fruit of the Upbringing) in 1878.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeobandi1946112_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeobandi1946112-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was established as an intellectual centre to train the students and graduates of the Darul Uloom Deoband.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It then took the form of Jamiatul Ansar (Community of Helpers), which started in 1909 with its first session held in <a href="/wiki/Moradabad" title="Moradabad">Moradabad</a> and presided over by <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Hasan_Amrohi" title="Ahmad Hasan Amrohi">Ahmad Hasan Amrohi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalamParvaiz2020134_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalamParvaiz2020134-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alongside his student <a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaidullah Sindhi</a>, Hasan then started the Nizaratul Ma'arif al-Qur'ānia (Academy of Quranic Learning) in November 1913.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalamParvaiz2020134_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalamParvaiz2020134-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeobandi2013295_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeobandi2013295-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It aimed to increase the influence of Muslim scholars and to instruct and teach English-educated Muslims about Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhimjee199992_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhimjee199992-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hussain_Ahmad_Madani" class="mw-redirect" title="Hussain Ahmad Madani">Hussain Ahmad Madani</a> suggests that "the purpose behind establishing Nizaratul Maarif was to make Muslim youth stronger believers, and to instruct and guide them, specially western-educated Muslims, in the Quranic teachings in such a logical way that it would remove the poisonous impact of anti-Islam propaganda and ill-founded skepticism about practicality of Islamic belief and tenets in modern age."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalamParvaiz2020134–135_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalamParvaiz2020134–135-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeobandi200245_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeobandi200245-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Silk_Letter_Movement">Silk Letter Movement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Silk Letter Movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Silk_Letter_Movement" title="Silk Letter Movement">Silk Letter Movement</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Malta_exiles" title="Malta exiles">Malta exiles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Partitioning_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire">Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire</a></div> <p>Hasan wanted to overthrow the British Raj in India; to achieve this, he focussed on two geographic areas.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012167_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012167-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first was the area of autonomous tribes that lived between Afghanistan and India.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012167_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012167-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Asir_Adrawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Asir Adrawi">Asir Adrawi</a> states, "this is the historical reality that people who came to invade India used that route, and Hasan's selection of this area for his movement was definitely the highest evidence of his prudence and insight."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012168_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012168-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second area was within India; he wanted to influence all the sincere leaders who cared for the community to support his cause, and in this he was quite successful.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012168_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012168-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scholars that worked on the first front included his students and companions such as <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ghaffar_Khan" title="Abdul Ghaffar Khan">Abdul Ghaffar Khan</a>, Abdur-Raheem Sindhi, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mian_Mansoor_Ansari" title="Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari">Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaidullah Sindhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uzair_Gul_Peshawari" title="Uzair Gul Peshawari">Uzair Gul Peshawari</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012169–184_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012169–184-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They propagated the program of Hasan into the frontier areas and into those of the autonomous tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012185_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012185-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scholars that worked on the second front included <a href="/wiki/Mukhtar_Ahmad_Ansari" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukhtar Ahmad Ansari">Mukhtar Ahmad Ansari</a>, Abdur-Raheem Raipuri and Ahmadullah Panipati.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012186_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012186-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Miyan_Deobandi" title="Muhammad Miyan Deobandi">Muhammad Miyan Deobandi</a> states, "Shaikhul Hind used to watch carefully the nature and capability of his disciples and people who approached him. He selected some persons from amongst them and commanded them to reach <a href="/wiki/Yaghistan" title="Yaghistan">Yaghistan</a> and instigate the autonomous tribes to attack India."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeobandi201357_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeobandi201357-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The program designed to prepare the people inside India for a rebellion if the Afghani and Turkish governments provided military aid to the militia and people within the country rose up for the rebellion during the invasion by this army.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012185_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012185-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yaghistan was the center of the movement of Mahmud Hasan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETabassum200647_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETabassum200647-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_India" title="Provisional Government of India">Provisional Government of India</a> was designed by Hasan's pupil <a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaidullah Sindhi</a> and his companions, and <a href="/wiki/Mahendra_Pratap" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahendra Pratap">Mahendra Pratap</a> was appointed the President.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERizwi1981137–138_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERizwi1981137–138-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hasan himself traveled to <a href="/wiki/Hijaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hijaz">Hejaz</a> to secure German and Turkish support in 1915.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrivedi1982659_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrivedi1982659-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He left <a href="/wiki/Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay">Bombay</a> on 18 September 1915, and was accompanied by scholars including Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari, <a href="/wiki/Murtaza_Hasan_Chandpuri" title="Murtaza Hasan Chandpuri">Murtaza Hasan Chandpuri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Sahool_Bhagalpuri" title="Muhammad Sahool Bhagalpuri">Muhammad Sahool Bhagalpuri</a> and Uzair Gul Peshawari.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeobandi200256_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeobandi200256-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETayyab199049_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETayyab199049-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 18 October 1915, he went to <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> where he had meetings with Ghalib Pasha, the Turkish governor, and Anwar Pasha, who was the defense minister of Turkey.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeobandi200258_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeobandi200258-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeobandi201359–60_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeobandi201359–60-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ghalib Pasha assured him of assistance and gave him three letters, one addressed to the Indian Muslims, the second to the governor Busra Pasha, and the third to Anwar Pasha.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeobandi201359–60_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeobandi201359–60-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hasan also had a meeting with the <a href="/wiki/Djemal_Pasha" title="Djemal Pasha">Djemal Pasha</a>, the governor of Syria, who concurred with what Ghalib Pasha had said.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeobandi201359–60_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeobandi201359–60-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hasan feared that if he returned to India, he might be arrested by the British, and asked that he be allowed to reach the Afghanistan border from where he could reach Yaghistan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeobandi201359-60_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeobandi201359-60-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Djemal made an excuse and told him that if he feared arrest, he could stop at Hejaz or any other Turkish area.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeobandi201359-60_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeobandi201359-60-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, the program called the <a href="/wiki/Silk_Letter_Movement" title="Silk Letter Movement">Silk Letter Movement</a> was leaked and its members were arrested.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012184_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012184-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hasan was arrested in December 1916 alongside his companions and students, <a href="/wiki/Hussain_Ahmad_Madani" class="mw-redirect" title="Hussain Ahmad Madani">Hussain Ahmad Madani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uzair_Gul_Peshawari" title="Uzair Gul Peshawari">Uzair Gul Peshawari</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Hussein_bin_Ali,_Sharif_of_Mecca" class="mw-redirect" title="Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca">Sharif Hussain</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sharif_of_Mecca" title="Sharif of Mecca">Sharif of Mecca</a>, who revolted against the Turks and allied with the British.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWasti2006715_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWasti2006715-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrivedi1982659_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrivedi1982659-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Sharif then handed them over to the British,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeobandi201361_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeobandi201361-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and they were imprisoned in the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Verdala" title="Fort Verdala">Fort Verdala</a> in <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nakhuda_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nakhuda-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Khilafat_movement">Khilafat movement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Khilafat movement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Khilafat_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Khilafat movement">Khilafat movement</a></div> <p>Hasan was released in May 1920,<sup id="cite_ref-nakhuda_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nakhuda-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by 8 June 1920 he had reached <a href="/wiki/Bombay" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombay">Bombay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETayyab199076_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETayyab199076-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was welcomed by major scholars and political figures including <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Bari_Firangi_Mahali" title="Abdul Bari Firangi Mahali">Abdul Bari Firangi Mahali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Muhammad_Ahmad" title="Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad">Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kifayatullah_Dehlawi" title="Kifayatullah Dehlawi">Kifayatullah Dehlawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaukat_Ali_(politician)" title="Shaukat Ali (politician)">Shaukat Ali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhimjee1999144_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhimjee1999144-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His release was seen as a huge aid to the <a href="/wiki/Khilafat_Movement" title="Khilafat Movement">Khilafat Movement</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhimjee1999144_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhimjee1999144-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he was honoured with the title of "Shaykh al-Hind" (The Leader of India) by the Khilafat Committee.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETayyab199076_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETayyab199076-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hasan inspired the scholars of Deoband seminary to join the Khilafat movement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKhimjee1999144_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKhimjee1999144-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He issued a religious edict on the boycott of British goods; which was sought by the students of then <a href="/wiki/Muhammadan_Anglo-Oriental_College" title="Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College">Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012287_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012287-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this edict, he advised the students to avoid supporting the government in any manner, to boycott the government funded schools and colleges, and to avoid government jobs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012290_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012290-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following this edict, a majority of students left the college.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETayyab199079_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETayyab199079-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This edict supported the <a href="/wiki/Non-cooperation_movement_(1919%E2%80%9322)" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-cooperation movement (1919–22)">Non-cooperation movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012290_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012290-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hasan then travelled to <a href="/wiki/Allahabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad">Allahabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fatehpur_district" title="Fatehpur district">Fatehpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghazipur" title="Ghazipur">Ghazipur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Faizabad" title="Faizabad">Faizabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moradabad" title="Moradabad">Moradabad</a> and guided Muslims in support of the movements.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETayyab199077_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETayyab199077-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jamia_Millia_Islamia">Jamia Millia Islamia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Jamia Millia Islamia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Jamia_Millia_Islamia" title="Jamia Millia Islamia">Jamia Millia Islamia</a></div> <p>Hasan was asked to preside over the foundational ceremony of the <a href="/wiki/Jamia_Millia_Islamia" title="Jamia Millia Islamia">Jamia Millia Islamia</a>, then known as the National Muslim University.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeobandi1946213_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeobandi1946213-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The University was established by Hasan alongside <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jauhar" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Ali Jauhar">Muhammad Ali Jauhar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hakim_Ajmal_Khan" title="Hakim Ajmal Khan">Hakim Ajmal Khan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who were motivated by the demands of students of <a href="/wiki/Aligarh_Muslim_University" title="Aligarh Muslim University">Aligarh Muslim University</a> (AMU) who were disappointed with the AMU's pro-<a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British</a> bias and who wanted a new university.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeobandi1946213_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeobandi1946213-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-milli_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-milli-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hasan's servants, however, urged him not to accept the offer as he had grown increasingly weak and pale from his time of incarceration in Malta.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENizami201129_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENizami201129-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeobandi1946213_46-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeobandi1946213-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hasan stated, in response to their concerns, "If my president-ship pains the British, then I shall definitely take part in this ceremony."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeobandi1946213_46-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeobandi1946213-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was subsequently brought to Deoband railway station in a <a href="/wiki/Palanquin" class="mw-redirect" title="Palanquin">palanquin</a>, from where he traveled to <a href="/wiki/Aligarh" title="Aligarh">Aligarh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeobandi1946213_46-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeobandi1946213-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hasan was not able to write anything, and asked his student <a href="/wiki/Shabbir_Ahmad_Usmani" title="Shabbir Ahmad Usmani">Shabbir Ahmad Usmani</a> to prepare his presidential speech. He then made corrections and improvements to the prepared speech, and sent it to print. On 29 October 1920, this speech was read aloud by Usmani in the foundational ceremony of the university,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012291_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012291-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after which Hasan laid the foundation stone of the Jamia Millia Islamia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENizami201129_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENizami201129-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hasan said in the speech that "the knowledgeable people amongst you are well aware that my elders and predecessors never issued an edict of disbelief over learning of a foreign language or acquiring the academic sciences of other nations. Yes, it was said that the final last effect of the English-education is that its seekers either colour themselves in that of the Christianity or they mock their own religion and co-religionists through their atheistic insolence, or they worship the current government; then it is better to remain ignorant instead of seeking such education."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENizami201133_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENizami201133-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He concurred with <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a>'s who stated that, "the higher education of these colleges is pure and clean as the milk, but mixed with a little bit of poison" and considered the Muslim National University, as an alembic which would separate this poison from academia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENizami201133_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENizami201133-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jamiat_Ulema-e-Hind">Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hasan presided over the second general meeting of the <a href="/wiki/Jamiat_Ulema-e-Hind" title="Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind">Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind</a>, which was held in November 1920 in <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWasif_Dehlavi197056_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWasif_Dehlavi197056-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was appointed the president of the Jamiat, a position he could not serve due to his death after few days [on 30 November].<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWasif_Dehlavi197074_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWasif_Dehlavi197074-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The general meeting was held over three days starting from 19 November, and Hasan's presidential speech was read aloud by his student <a href="/wiki/Shabbir_Ahmad_Usmani" title="Shabbir Ahmad Usmani">Shabbir Ahmad Usmani</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012295_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012295-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hasan advocated a <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a>-<a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>-<a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> unity and said that, if Hindus and Muslims unite, acquiring freedom was not much more difficult.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012308_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012308-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENizami2018132_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENizami2018132-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the last conference that Hasan attended.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENizami2018132_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENizami2018132-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Students">Students</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Students"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_students_of_Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="List of students of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi">List of students of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi</a></div> <p>Hasan's students number in thousands.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQasmi199964_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQasmi199964-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His major students include <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Shah_Kashmiri" title="Anwar Shah Kashmiri">Anwar Shah Kashmiri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asghar_Hussain_Deobandi" title="Asghar Hussain Deobandi">Asghar Hussain Deobandi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ali_Thanwi" title="Ashraf Ali Thanwi">Ashraf Ali Thanwi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Husain_Ahmad_Madani" class="mw-redirect" title="Husain Ahmad Madani">Husain Ahmad Madani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Izaz_Ali_Amrohi" title="Izaz Ali Amrohi">Izaz Ali Amrohi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kifayatullah_Dihlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kifayatullah Dihlawi">Kifayatullah Dihlawi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manazir_Ahsan_Gilani" title="Manazir Ahsan Gilani">Manazir Ahsan Gilani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mian_Mansoor_Ansari" title="Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari">Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shafi_Deobandi" title="Muhammad Shafi Deobandi">Muhammad Shafi Deobandi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanaullah_Amritsari" title="Sanaullah Amritsari">Sanaullah Amritsari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shabbir_Ahmad_Usmani" title="Shabbir Ahmad Usmani">Shabbir Ahmad Usmani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syed_Fakhruddin_Ahmad" title="Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad">Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaidullah Sindhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uzair_Gul_Peshawari" title="Uzair Gul Peshawari">Uzair Gul Peshawari</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERizwi198120_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERizwi198120-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2016233_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2016233-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERehman1967217–218_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERehman1967217–218-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ebrahim_Moosa" title="Ebrahim Moosa">Ebrahim Moosa</a> states that his "fine cohort of students later gained renown in the madrasa network and made contribution to the public life in South Asia in fields as diverse as religious scholarship, politics, and institution-building."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoosa201572_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoosa201572-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literary_works">Literary works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Literary works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_translation_of_the_Quran">The translation of the Quran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The translation of the Quran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hasan wrote an interlinear translation of the Quran in <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later started to annotate this translation with explanatory notes, as he had just completed the fourth chapter <i><a href="/wiki/An-Nisa" title="An-Nisa">An-Nisa</a></i>, when he died in 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012335–336_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012335–336-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Tafsir" title="Tafsir">exegetical work</a> was completed by his student <a href="/wiki/Shabbir_Ahmad_Usmani" title="Shabbir Ahmad Usmani">Shabbir Ahmad Usmani</a>, and is published as <i>Tafsir-e-Usmāni</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaqqani2006268_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaqqani2006268-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was later translated into Persian by a group of scholars, patronized by <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Zahir_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed Zahir Shah">Mohammed Zahir Shah</a>, the last king of <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZaman2018292_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZaman2018292-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Al-Abwāb_wa_Al-Tarājim_li_al-Bukhāri"><span id="Al-Abw.C4.81b_wa_Al-Tar.C4.81jim_li_al-Bukh.C4.81ri"></span>Al-Abwāb wa Al-Tarājim li al-Bukhāri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Al-Abwāb wa Al-Tarājim li al-Bukhāri"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hasan taught <i><a href="/wiki/Sahih_Bukhari" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahih Bukhari">Sahih Bukhari</a></i> at the Darul Uloom Deoband for a long time and, when he was incarcerated in <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a>, he began to write a treatise explaining its chapter-headings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012336_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012336-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Hadith_studies" title="Hadith studies">hadith studies</a>, the assignation of the chapter-headings in a collection of traditions is seen as a separate science.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hasan started the treatise with fifteen principles on the subject, and then discussed the traditions from the chapter on revelation and incompletely covered the chapter on knowledge.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012337_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012337-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The treatise is entitled <i>al-abwāb wa al-tarājim li al-Bukhāri</i> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> <i>An Explanation of the Chapter Headings of Imam Bukhari's Sahih</i></span>) and spreads over 52 pages.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012336_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012336-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adilla-e-Kāmilah"><span id="Adilla-e-K.C4.81milah"></span>Adilla-e-Kāmilah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Adilla-e-Kāmilah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the <a href="/wiki/Ahl-i_Hadith" title="Ahl-i Hadith">Ahl-i Hadith</a> movement was growing in India they started questioning the authority of <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi school of thought</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012338_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012338-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ahl-i Hadith scholar <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Hussain_Batalvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Hussain Batalvi">Muhammad Hussain Batalvi</a> compiled a set of ten questions<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012344_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012344-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and announced a challenge with a reward for those who provided an answer, with ten rupees per answer. This was published from <a href="/wiki/Amritsar" title="Amritsar">Amritsar</a> and sent to <a href="/wiki/Darul_Uloom_Deoband" title="Darul Uloom Deoband">Darul Uloom Deoband</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012338_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012338-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Deoband's policy had been to avoid the issues which divide the Muslim community, but the Ahl-i Hadith people forced the issue. Subsequently, Hasan, at the request of his teacher Nanawtawi,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012351_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012351-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in return asked a series of questions in the form of a treatise, <i>Adilla-e-Kāmilah</i> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> <i>The Perfect Argument</i></span>), promising that, "if you answer these questions, we shall give you twenty rupees per answer."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012339_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012339-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Īzah_al-Adillah"><span id=".C4.AAzah_al-Adillah"></span>Īzah al-Adillah</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Īzah al-Adillah"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After Mahmud Hasan's <i>Adilla-e-Kāmilah</i>, an Ahl-i Hadith scholar Ahmad Hasan Amrohwi wrote <i>Misbāh al-Adillah</i> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> <i>A Lantern to the Argument</i></span>) in response to <i>Adilla-e-Kāmilah</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012351_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012351-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Deobandi scholar waited for a while for any response from the original questioner, Muhammad Hussain Batalwi,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012352_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012352-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who then announced that Amrohwi's work was sufficient, and that he has himself had discarded the idea of writing the answers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012352_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012352-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mahmud Hasan, in response, wrote <i>Izāh al-Adillah</i> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> <i>Elucidation of the Argument</i></span>); a commentary on his earlier work <i>Adilla-e-Kāmilah</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012352_72-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012352-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ahsan_al-Qirā"><span id="Ahsan_al-Qir.C4.81"></span>Ahsan al-Qirā</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Ahsan al-Qirā"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hasan has discussed the permissibility of <a href="/wiki/Jumu%27ah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jumu'ah">Friday prayers</a> in villages and rural areas in this book.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012345_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012345-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Syed_Nazeer_Husain" title="Syed Nazeer Husain">Syed Nazeer Husain</a> had raised this issue and published a religious edict which decreed that there is no specification of any place [for the Friday prayers]. He stated that, wherever a least of two people gather, the Friday prayers are necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012345_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012345-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a> jurist and scholar, <a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ahmad_Gangohi" title="Rashid Ahmad Gangohi">Rashid Ahmad Gangohi</a>, penned a <a href="/wiki/Fatwa" title="Fatwa">fatwa</a> over 14 pages in response, called the <i>Awthaq al-'Urā</i> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> <i>The Strongest Ring</i></span>) from the perspective of the <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi school of thought</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012345_73-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012345-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gangohi's work received criticism from the <a href="/wiki/Ahl-i_Hadith" title="Ahl-i Hadith">Ahl-i Hadith</a> scholars; most of which reproduced the same arguments.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012345_73-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012345-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gangohi's pupil Mahmud Hasan felt that the language of these works was insolent, and wrote a lengthy book, entitled <i>Ahsan al-Qirā fī Tawzīḥ Awthaq al-'Urā</i> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> <i>The Best Discourse in The Elucidation of The Strongest Ring</i></span>), in response.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012346_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012346-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Juhd_al-Muqill">Juhd al-Muqill</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Juhd al-Muqill"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Shah_Ismail_Dehlvi" title="Shah Ismail Dehlvi">Shah Ismail Dehlvi</a> and his companions who worked for the reformation of Muslims from <a href="/wiki/Bid%CA%BBah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidʻah">Bidʻah</a> (religious innovations), received wide criticism from the people who were associated with these innovations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012347_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012347-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dehlvi was in particular accused of blasphemy and was <a href="/wiki/Takfir" title="Takfir">excommunicated</a> from Islam.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012347_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012347-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, Islamic scholar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Hasan_Kanpuri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmad Hasan Kanpuri (page does not exist)">Ahmad Hasan Kanpuri</a> wrote <i>Tanzih al-Raḥmān</i> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> <i>The Glorification of the Merciful</i></span>), in which he mentioned Dehlvi to be a member of extreme group of the <a href="/wiki/Mu%CA%BFtazila" class="mw-redirect" title="Muʿtazila">Muʿtazila</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012348_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012348-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mahmud Hasan, in response, wrote <i>Juhd al-Muqill fī tanzīhi al-Mu'izzi wa al-Mudhill</i> (<abbr title="translation">transl.</abbr><span> <i>An Effort of an Insignificant on the Glorification of One who Graces and Disgraces</i></span>), in two volumes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012349_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012349-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book discusses the attributes and qualities of <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> with the terminology of the <a href="/wiki/Ilm_al-Kalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilm al-Kalam">Ilm al-Kalam</a>, following the accent of <a href="/wiki/Al-Taftazani" title="Al-Taftazani">Al-Taftazani</a>'s commentary <i>Sharah Aqā'id-e-Nasafi</i>, on <a href="/wiki/Abu_Hafs_Umar_al-Nasafi" title="Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi">al-Nasafi's</a> creed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012348_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012348-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hasan responded to the allegations made against Shah Ismail Dehlvi and other such scholars, using Ilm al-Kalam.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012349_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012349-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tas'hīh_Abu_Dawūd"><span id="Tas.27h.C4.ABh_Abu_Daw.C5.ABd"></span>Tas'hīh Abu Dawūd</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Tas'hīh Abu Dawūd"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The written manuscripts of the <i><a href="/wiki/Sihah_Sittah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sihah Sittah">Sihah Sittah</a></i> were preserved in the libraries of Islamic nations, with the majority held at <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012369_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012369-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Indian scholar <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Ali_Saharanpuri" title="Ahmad Ali Saharanpuri">Ahmad Ali Saharanpuri</a> copied the manuscripts that existed in Mecca, and then studied them with <a href="/wiki/Shah_Muhammad_Ishaq" title="Shah Muhammad Ishaq">Shah Muhammad Ishaq</a>. When he returned to India he started publishing the copyedited editions of these <a href="/wiki/Hadith_manuscripts" title="Hadith manuscripts">hadith manuscripts</a> from his press.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi201622–23_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi201622–23-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His pupil Muhammad Qasim Nanawtawi continued the practice of copyediting the hadith manuscripts until all of the books were published in India.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012369_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012369-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later there was a push to copyedit the <i><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Abu_Dawud" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunan Abu Dawud">Sunan Abu Dawud</a></i>, one among the six major books of the <a href="/wiki/Sihah_Sittah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sihah Sittah">hadith</a>. However, the editions that were published and the original written manuscripts majorly differed from each other.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012369_78-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012369-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hasan thus collected all the available manuscripts, copyedited the text and had several editions of it published in book form. These were published in 1900 from the Mujtabai Press in Delhi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012370_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012370-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Death and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maulana_Mahmud_Hasan_gate_at_JMI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Maulana_Mahmud_Hasan_gate_at_JMI.jpg/220px-Maulana_Mahmud_Hasan_gate_at_JMI.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Maulana_Mahmud_Hasan_gate_at_JMI.jpg/330px-Maulana_Mahmud_Hasan_gate_at_JMI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Maulana_Mahmud_Hasan_gate_at_JMI.jpg/440px-Maulana_Mahmud_Hasan_gate_at_JMI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1615" data-file-height="1880" /></a><figcaption>The Maulana Mahmud Hasan gate of <a href="/wiki/Jamia_Millia_Islamia" title="Jamia Millia Islamia">Jamia Millia Islamia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 30 October 1920, a day after the foundation of the Jamia Millia Islamia in Aligarh, Hasan travelled to <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> at the request of <a href="/wiki/Mukhtar_Ahmad_Ansari" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukhtar Ahmad Ansari">Mukhtar Ahmad Ansari</a>. Several days later his health deteriorated and he received treatment from Ansari at his home in <a href="/wiki/Daryaganj" title="Daryaganj">Daryaganj</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaad_Shuja'abadi201524-25_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaad_Shuja'abadi201524-25-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012309_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012309-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died on 30 November 1920 in <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012310–311_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012310–311-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the news of his death was announced, Hindus and Muslims closed their shops and gathered outside Ansari's house to pay tributes to Hasan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaad_Shuja'abadi201526_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaad_Shuja'abadi201526-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ansari then asked Hasan's brother Hakeem Muhammad Hasan if he preferred Mahmud Hasan to be buried in Delhi with arrangements to be made at the <a href="/wiki/Mehdiyan" title="Mehdiyan">Mehdiyan cemetery</a>, or if preferred to bury him at <a href="/wiki/Deoband" title="Deoband">Deoband</a> with arrangements made for moving the body.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012310–311_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012310–311-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was decided to bury him at Deoband because of his wish that he be buried near the grave of his teacher Muhammad Qasim Nanawtawi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012310–312_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012310–312-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His funeral prayers were offered multiple times. The people of Delhi offered the prayers outside Ansari's house, and then the body was moved to Deoband. As they reached the Delhi railway station, a plethora of people gathered and offered funeral prayers. Subsequently, prayers were offered at the <a href="/wiki/Meerut_City_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Meerut City railway station">Meerut City railway station</a> and <a href="/wiki/Meerut_Cantt_railway_station" title="Meerut Cantt railway station">Meerut Cantt railway station</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012310–312_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012310–312-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His fifth and last funeral prayer was led by his brother Hakeem Muhammad Hasan and he was buried in the <a href="/wiki/Qasmi_cemetery" class="mw-redirect" title="Qasmi cemetery">Qasmi cemetery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012310–312_85-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi2012310–312-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mahmud Hasan has had a number of honours. <a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ali_Thanwi" title="Ashraf Ali Thanwi">Ashraf Ali Thanwi</a> called him "Shaykh al'-'Ālam" (The Leader of the World).<sup id="cite_ref-thanwi_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thanwi-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thanwi states that, "In our opinion, he is the Leader of India, <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arab</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ajam" title="Ajam">Ajam</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-thanwi_86-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thanwi-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A medical college in <a href="/wiki/Saharanpur" title="Saharanpur">Saharanpur</a> was named <a href="/wiki/Shaikh-Ul-Hind_Maulana_Mahmood_Hasan_Medical_College" title="Shaikh-Ul-Hind Maulana Mahmood Hasan Medical College">Shaikh-Ul-Hind Maulana Mahmood Hasan Medical College</a> after him.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 2013, the President of India, <a href="/wiki/Pranab_Mukherjee" title="Pranab Mukherjee">Pranab Mukherjee</a> released a commemorative postal stamp on Hasan's <a href="/wiki/Silk_Letter_Movement" title="Silk Letter Movement">Silk Letter Movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bs_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bs-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Shaikhul_Hind_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaikhul Hind Academy">Shaikhul Hind Academy</a>, a department of Darul Uloom Deoband, is named in his memory.<sup id="cite_ref-Imran_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Imran-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi201245-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi201245_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi201245_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi201245_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi201245_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAdrawi2012">Adrawi 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class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERizwi198120_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERizwi198120_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERizwi198120_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRizwi1981">Rizwi 1981</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi201268-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi201268_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAdrawi2012">Adrawi 2012</a>, p. 68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETayyab199020-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETayyab199020_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTayyab1990">Tayyab 1990</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdrawi201272-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAdrawi201272_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAdrawi2012">Adrawi 2012</a>, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFQasmi2020" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Muhammadullah_Khalili_Qasmi" title="Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi">Qasmi, Muhammadullah</a> (October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/darul-uloom-deob-ki-jamey-wa-mukhtasar-tareekh-edition-2"><i>Darul Uloom Deoband Ki Jame O Mukhtasar Tareekh</i></a> (in Urdu) (2nd ed.). 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Deoband: Darul Uloom: 47–48.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Monthly+Darul+Uloom&rft.atitle=Hazrat+Maulana+Saeed+Ahmad+Akbarabadi+and+Shaikhul+Hind+Academy%2C+Darul+Uloom+Deoband%3A+Imranullah+Qasmi&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=47-48&rft.date=2021-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdarululoom-deoband.com%2Furduarticles%2Farchives%2F3491&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+Hasan+Deobandi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdrawi2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Asir_Adrawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Asir Adrawi">Adrawi, Asīr</a> (April 2012). <i>Hazrat Shaykhul Hind Hayāt awr Kārnāme</i> [<i>Shaykhul Hind: Life and works</i>] (in Urdu). <a href="/wiki/Deoband" title="Deoband">Deoband</a>: Shaykhul Hind Academy.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hazrat+Shaykhul+Hind+Hay%C4%81t+awr+K%C4%81rn%C4%81me&rft.place=Deoband&rft.pub=Shaykhul+Hind+Academy&rft.date=2012-04&rft.aulast=Adrawi&rft.aufirst=As%C4%ABr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+Hasan+Deobandi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdrawi2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Asir_Adrawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Asir Adrawi">Adrawi, Asir</a> (April 2016). <i>Karwān-e-Rafta: Tazkirah Mashāhīr-e-Hind</i> [<i>The Caravan of the Past: Discussing Indian scholars</i>] (in Urdu) (2nd ed.). 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Bijnor: Madani Darul Taleef. pp. 213–231. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/19927541">19927541</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tadhkirah+Mash%C4%81yikh-e-Deoband&rft.place=Bijnor&rft.pages=213-231&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Madani+Darul+Taleef&rft.date=1967-07&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F19927541&rft.aulast=Rehman&rft.aufirst=Mufti+Azizur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FTazkiraMashaikhDeobandByMuftiAzizurRehman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+Hasan+Deobandi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRizwi1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Syed_Mehboob_Rizwi" title="Syed Mehboob Rizwi">Rizwi, Syed Mehboob</a> (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfTheDarAlUlumDeoband1980Volume1"><i>History of Dar al Ulum Deoband</i></a>. Vol. 1. Translated by Murtaz Hussain F Qureshi (1st ed.). Darul Uloom Deoband: Idara-e-Ehtemam.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Dar+al+Ulum+Deoband&rft.place=Darul+Uloom+Deoband&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Idara-e-Ehtemam&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Rizwi&rft.aufirst=Syed+Mehboob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FHistoryOfTheDarAlUlumDeoband1980Volume1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+Hasan+Deobandi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRizwi1981" class="citation book cs1">Rizwi, Syed Mehboob (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/TheHistoryOfDarAlUlumDeoband1981VolumeTwo"><i>History of Dar al-Ulum Deoband</i></a>. Vol. 2. Translated by Murtaz Hussain F Qureshi (1st ed.). Darul Uloom Deoband: Idara-e-Ehtemam.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Dar+al-Ulum+Deoband&rft.place=Darul+Uloom+Deoband&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Idara-e-Ehtemam&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Rizwi&rft.aufirst=Syed+Mehboob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FTheHistoryOfDarAlUlumDeoband1981VolumeTwo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+Hasan+Deobandi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaad_Shuja'abadi2015" class="citation book cs1">Saad Shuja'abadi, Abu Muhammad Sana'ullah (2015). <i>Ulama-e-Deoband Ke Aakhri Lamhaat</i> [<i>The Last Times of the Deobandi Scholars</i>]. Saharanpur: Maktaba Rasheediya.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ulama-e-Deoband+Ke+Aakhri+Lamhaat&rft.place=Saharanpur&rft.pub=Maktaba+Rasheediya&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Saad+Shuja%27abadi&rft.aufirst=Abu+Muhammad+Sana%27ullah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+Hasan+Deobandi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalamParvaiz2020" class="citation book cs1">Salam, Ziya Us; Parvaiz, Mohammad Aslam (February 2020). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/madrasas-in-the-age-of-islamophobia/book272358"><i>Madrasas in the Age of Islamophobia</i></a></span> (1st ed.). SAGE Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-5328-929-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-5328-929-4"><bdi>978-93-5328-929-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Madrasas+in+the+Age+of+Islamophobia&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2020-02&rft.isbn=978-93-5328-929-4&rft.aulast=Salam&rft.aufirst=Ziya+Us&rft.au=Parvaiz%2C+Mohammad+Aslam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fus.sagepub.com%2Fen-us%2Fnam%2Fmadrasas-in-the-age-of-islamophobia%2Fbook272358&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+Hasan+Deobandi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTabassum2006" class="citation book cs1">Tabassum, Farhat (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uxFuAAAAMAAJ"><i>Deoband Ulema's Movement for the Freedom of India</i></a> (1st ed.). New Delhi: Jamiat Ulama-i-Hind in association with Manak Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7827-147-8" title="Special:BookSources/81-7827-147-8"><bdi>81-7827-147-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deoband+Ulema%27s+Movement+for+the+Freedom+of+India&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Jamiat+Ulama-i-Hind+in+association+with+Manak+Publications&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=81-7827-147-8&rft.aulast=Tabassum&rft.aufirst=Farhat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuxFuAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+Hasan+Deobandi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTayyab1990" class="citation thesis cs1">Tayyab, Mohammad (1990). <i>The Role of Shaikh-Ul-Hind Maulana Mahmud-Ul-Hasan in the Indian Freedom Movement</i> (Thesis). Aligarh: Aligarh Muslim University. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1012388751">1012388751</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Role+of+Shaikh-Ul-Hind+Maulana+Mahmud-Ul-Hasan+in+the+Indian+Freedom+Movement&rft.inst=Aligarh+Muslim+University&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1012388751&rft.aulast=Tayyab&rft.aufirst=Mohammad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+Hasan+Deobandi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrivedi1982" class="citation journal cs1">Trivedi, Raj Kumar (1982). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44141303">"Turco-German intrigue in India in Workd War I"</a></span>. <i>Proceedings of the Indian History Congress</i>. <b>43</b>. Indian History Congress: 659. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44141303">44141303</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Indian+History+Congress&rft.atitle=Turco-German+intrigue+in+India+in+Workd+War+I&rft.volume=43&rft.pages=659&rft.date=1982&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44141303%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Trivedi&rft.aufirst=Raj+Kumar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44141303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+Hasan+Deobandi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWasif_Dehlavi1970" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Hafizur_Rahman_Wasif_Dehlavi" title="Hafizur Rahman Wasif Dehlavi">Wasif Dehlavi, Hafizur Rahman</a> (1970). <i>Jamī'at-i Ulamā par ek tārīk̲h̲ī tabṣirah</i> [<i>A Historical Review the Jamiat Ulama</i>] (in Urdu). <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/16907808">16907808</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jam%C4%AB%27at-i+Ulam%C4%81+par+ek+t%C4%81r%C4%ABk%CC%B2h%CC%B2%C4%AB+tab%E1%B9%A3irah&rft.date=1970&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F16907808&rft.aulast=Wasif+Dehlavi&rft.aufirst=Hafizur+Rahman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+Hasan+Deobandi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWasti2006" class="citation journal cs1">Wasti, Syed Tanvir (September 2006). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4284490">"The Political Aspirations of Indian Muslims and the Ottoman Nexus"</a></span>. <i>Middle Eastern Studies</i>. <b>42</b> (5). <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>: 709–722. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00263200600826331">10.1080/00263200600826331</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4284490">4284490</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144026442">144026442</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Political+Aspirations+of+Indian+Muslims+and+the+Ottoman+Nexus&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=709-722&rft.date=2006-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144026442%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4284490%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00263200600826331&rft.aulast=Wasti&rft.aufirst=Syed+Tanvir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4284490&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+Hasan+Deobandi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZaman2018" class="citation journal cs1">Zaman, Muhammad Qasim (24 December 2018). Gräf, Bettina; <a href="/wiki/Birgit_Krawietz" title="Birgit Krawietz">Krawietz, Birgit</a>; Amir-Moazami, Schirin (eds.). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/title/38936">"Ways of Knowing Muslim Cultures and Societies: Studies in Honour of Gudrun Krämer"</a></span>. <i>Social, Economic and Political Studies of the Middle East and Asia</i>. <b>122</b>. Brill: 280-297<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social%2C+Economic+and+Political+Studies+of+the+Middle+East+and+Asia&rft.atitle=Ways+of+Knowing+Muslim+Cultures+and+Societies%3A+Studies+in+Honour+of+Gudrun+Kr%C3%A4mer&rft.volume=122&rft.pages=280-297&rft.date=2018-12-24&rft.aulast=Zaman&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+Qasim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fview%2Ftitle%2F38936&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+Hasan+Deobandi" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArshad2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Arshad, Mawlāna Abdur Rasheed (January 2000). "Shaykhul Hind Mawlānā Maḥmūd Ḥasan". In <a href="/wiki/Nawaz_Deobandi" title="Nawaz Deobandi">Deobandi, Nawaz</a> (ed.). <i>Sawaneh Ulama-e-Deoband</i> (in Urdu). Vol. 2. <a href="/wiki/Deoband" title="Deoband">Deoband</a>: Nawaz Publications. pp. 434–522.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Shaykhul+Hind+Mawl%C4%81n%C4%81+Ma%E1%B8%A5m%C5%ABd+%E1%B8%A4asan&rft.btitle=Sawaneh+Ulama-e-Deoband&rft.place=Deoband&rft.pages=434-522&rft.pub=Nawaz+Publications&rft.date=2000-01&rft.aulast=Arshad&rft.aufirst=Mawl%C4%81na+Abdur+Rasheed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+Hasan+Deobandi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMetcalf1982" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_D._Metcalf" title="Barbara D. Metcalf">Metcalf, Barbara D.</a> (1982). <i>Islamic Revival in British India: Deoband, 1860–1900</i>. <a href="/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton</a>: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-05343-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-05343-X"><bdi>0-691-05343-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/889252131">889252131</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Revival+in+British+India%3A+Deoband%2C+1860%E2%80%931900&rft.place=Princeton&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F889252131&rft.isbn=0-691-05343-X&rft.aulast=Metcalf&rft.aufirst=Barbara+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+Hasan+Deobandi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMujab2001" class="citation thesis cs1">Mujab, Muhammad (2001). <i>Islamic sciences in india and indonesia: a comparative study</i> (Thesis). <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>: Department of Sunni Theology, <a href="/wiki/Aligarh_Muslim_University" title="Aligarh Muslim University">Aligarh Muslim University</a>. pp. 161–167. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10603%2F58830">10603/58830</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Islamic+sciences+in+india+and+indonesia%3A+a+comparative+study&rft.inst=Department+of+Sunni+Theology%2C+Aligarh+Muslim+University&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10603%2F58830&rft.aulast=Mujab&rft.aufirst=Muhammad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+Hasan+Deobandi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShafi2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Shafi, Muhammad, ed. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/download/jan-21/URDU_DAIRA_MARIF_E_ISLAMIA_VOL_20.pdf"><i>Urdu Daira Maarif Islamiya</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Urdu). Vol. 20. Lahore, Pakistan: <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Punjab" title="University of the Punjab">University of the Punjab</a>. pp. 32–39.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Urdu+Daira+Maarif+Islamiya&rft.place=Lahore%2C+Pakistan&rft.pages=32-39&rft.pub=University+of+the+Punjab&rft.date=2001&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdownload%2Fjan-21%2FURDU_DAIRA_MARIF_E_ISLAMIA_VOL_20.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMahmud+Hasan+Deobandi" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamicportal.co.uk/visit-to-malta-with-mufti-ahmad-khanpuri-and-colleagues/">Visit to Malta with Mufti Ahmad Khanpuri and Colleagues</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="Template:Mahmud Hasan Deobandi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Mahmud Hasan Deobandi (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mahmud Hasan Deobandi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mahmud Hasan Deobandi</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Religion: <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a></li></ul></li> <li>Jurisprudence: <a href="/wiki/Hanafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanafi">Hanafi</a></li> <li>Movement: <a href="/wiki/Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Deobandi">Deobandi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable works and ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Letter_Movement" title="Silk Letter Movement">Silk Letter Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarjuma_Shaykh_al-Hind" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarjuma Shaykh al-Hind">Tarjuma Shaykh al-Hind</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adilla-e-K%C4%81milah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adilla-e-Kāmilah (page does not exist)">Adilla-e-Kāmilah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C4%AAzah_al-adillah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Īzah al-adillah (page does not exist)">Īzah al-adillah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamia_Millia_Islamia" title="Jamia Millia Islamia">Jamia Millia Islamia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Disciples and influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_students_of_Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="List of students of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi">List of students of Mahmud Hasan Deobandi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaikh-Ul-Hind_Maulana_Mahmood_Hasan_Medical_College" title="Shaikh-Ul-Hind Maulana Mahmood Hasan Medical College">Shaikh-Ul-Hind Maulana Mahmood Hasan Medical College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="Category:Mahmud Hasan Deobandi">Category:Mahmud Hasan Deobandi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Usmani_family_of_Deoband" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Usmani_family_of_Deoband" title="Template:Usmani family of Deoband"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Usmani_family_of_Deoband&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Usmani family of Deoband (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Usmani_family_of_Deoband" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Usmani family of Deoband"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Usmani_family_of_Deoband" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Usmani_family_of_Deoband" title="Usmani family of Deoband">Usmani family of Deoband</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th/20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fazlur_Rahman_Usmani" title="Fazlur Rahman Usmani">Fazlur Rahman Usmani</a> (1831 – 1907)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mahmud Hasan Deobandi</a> (1851 – 1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aziz-ur-Rahman_Usmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Aziz-ur-Rahman Usmani">Aziz-ur-Rahman Usmani</a> (1275 AH – 1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbir_Ahmad_Usmani" title="Shabbir Ahmad Usmani">Shabbir Ahmad Usmani</a> (1887 – 1949)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zafar_Ahmad_Usmani" title="Zafar Ahmad Usmani">Zafar Ahmad Usmani</a> (1892 – 1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shafi_Usmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Shafi Usmani">Muhammad Shafi Usmani</a> (1897 – 1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atiqur_Rahman_Usmani" title="Atiqur Rahman Usmani">Atiqur Rahman Usmani</a>: (1901 – 1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_Naved_Usmani" title="Shams Naved Usmani">Shams Naved Usmani</a> (1931 – 1993)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amir_Usmani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amir Usmani (page does not exist)">Amir Usmani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fuzailur_Rahman_Hilal_Usmani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fuzailur Rahman Hilal Usmani (page does not exist)">Fuzailur Rahman Hilal Usmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafilur_Rahman_Nishat_Usmani" title="Kafilur Rahman Nishat Usmani">Kafilur Rahman Nishat Usmani</a> (1942 – 2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Taqi_Usmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Taqi Usmani">Muhammad Taqi Usmani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Rafi_Usmani" title="Muhammad Rafi Usmani">Muhammad Rafi Usmani</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Muslim_scholars_of_the_Hanafi_school" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanafi_scholars" title="Template:Hanafi scholars"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hanafi_scholars" title="Template talk:Hanafi scholars"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hanafi_scholars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hanafi scholars"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Muslim_scholars_of_the_Hanafi_school" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hanafis" title="List of Hanafis">Muslim scholars</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Hanafi_school" title="Hanafi school">Hanafi school</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>by century (<a href="/wiki/Hijri_year" title="Hijri year">AH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">CE</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd/8th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hanifa" title="Abu Hanifa">Abu Hanifa</a> (founder of the school; 699–767)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yusuf" title="Abu Yusuf">Abu Yusuf</a> (738–798)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_al-Mubarak" title="Abd Allah ibn al-Mubarak">Ibn al-Mubarak</a> (726–797)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_al-Shaybani" title="Muhammad al-Shaybani">Muhammad al-Shaybani</a> (749–805)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Ma%27in" title="Yahya ibn Ma'in">Yahya ibn Ma'in</a> (774–807)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waki%27_ibn_al-Jarrah" title="Waki' ibn al-Jarrah">Waki' ibn al-Jarrah</a> (d. 812)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd/9th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isa_ibn_Aban" title="Isa ibn Aban">Isa ibn Aban</a> (d. 836)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Abi_Du%27ad" title="Ahmad ibn Abi Du'ad">Ahmad ibn Abi Du'ad</a> (777–854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Aktham" title="Yahya ibn Aktham">Yahya ibn Aktham</a> (d. 857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Tirmidhi" title="Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi">Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi</a> (d. 869)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-%E1%B8%AAa%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%A3%C4%81f" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Ḫaṣṣāf">Al-Ḫaṣṣāf</a> (d. 874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Samarqandi" title="Abu Bakr al-Samarqandi">Abu Bakr al-Samarqandi</a> (d. 882)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th/10th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tahawi" title="Al-Tahawi">Al-Tahawi</a> (843–933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Maturidi" title="Abu Mansur al-Maturidi">Abu Mansur al-Maturidi</a> (853–944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Samarqandi" title="Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi">Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi</a> (b. 874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jassas" title="Al-Jassas">Al-Jassas</a> (917–981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Layth_al-Samarqandi" title="Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi">Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi</a> (944–983)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th/11th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Husayn_al-Basri" title="Abu al-Husayn al-Basri">Abu al-Husayn al-Basri</a> (d. 1044)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karima_al-Marwaziyya" title="Karima al-Marwaziyya">Karima al-Marwaziyya</a> (969–1069)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Hujwiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Hujwiri">Ali Hujwiri</a> (1009–1072)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bazdawi" title="Al-Bazdawi">Al-Bazdawi</a> (1010–1089)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sarakhsi" title="Al-Sarakhsi">Al-Sarakhsi</a> (d. 1090)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Yusr_al-Bazdawi" title="Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi">Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi</a> (1030–1100)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Mu%27in_al-Nasafi" title="Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi">Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi</a> (d. 1115)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Thana%27_al-Lamishi" title="Abu al-Thana' al-Lamishi">Abu al-Thana' al-Lamishi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th/12th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Saffar_al-Bukhari" title="Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari">Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari</a> (d. 1139)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_al-Mal%C4%81%E1%B8%A5im%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn al-Malāḥimī">Ibn al-Malāḥimī</a> (d. 1141)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Hamadani" title="Yusuf Hamadani">Yusuf Hamadani</a> (1062–1141)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hafs_Umar_al-Nasafi" title="Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi">Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi</a> (1067–1142)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zamakhshari" title="Al-Zamakhshari">Al-Zamakhshari</a> (1074–1143)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_al-Din_al-Ushi" title="Siraj al-Din al-Ushi">Siraj al-Din al-Ushi</a> (d. 1180)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_al-Din_al-Sabuni" title="Nur al-Din al-Sabuni">Nur al-Din al-Sabuni</a> (d. 1184)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_al-Samarqandi" title="Fatima al-Samarqandi">Fatima al-Samarqandi</a> (d. 1185)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kasani" title="Al-Kasani">Al-Kasani</a> (d. 1191)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_al-Din_al-Ghaznawi" title="Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi">Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi</a> (d. 1197)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burhan_al-Din_al-Marghinani" title="Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani">Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani</a> (1135–1197)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th/13th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi">Rumi</a> (1207–1273)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalaluddin_Tabrizi" title="Jalaluddin Tabrizi">Jalaluddin Tabrizi</a> (d. 1228)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutbuddin_Bakhtiar_Kaki" title="Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki">Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki</a> (1173–1235)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27in_al-Din_Chishti" title="Mu'in al-Din Chishti">Mu'in al-Din Chishti</a> (1143–1236)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Farid" title="Baba Farid">Baba Farid</a> (1173–1266)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Tawwama" title="Abu Tawwama">Abu Tawwama</a> (d. 1300)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Barakat_al-Nasafi" title="Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi">Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi</a> (d. 1310)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th/14th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nizamuddin_Auliya" title="Nizamuddin Auliya">Nizamuddin Auliya</a> (1238–1325)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uthman_bin_Ali_Zayla%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="Uthman bin Ali Zayla'i">Uthman bin Ali Zayla'i</a> (d. 1342)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Jalal" title="Shah Jalal">Shah Jalal Mujarrad</a> (1271–1346)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usman_Serajuddin" title="Usman Serajuddin">Uthman Siraj ad-Din</a> (1258–1357)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaul_Haq" title="Alaul Haq">Ala al-Haq</a> (1301–1384)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahaniyan_Jahangasht" title="Jahaniyan Jahangasht">Jahaniyan Jahangasht</a> (1308–1384)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akmal_al-Din_al-Babarti" title="Akmal al-Din al-Babarti">Akmal al-Din al-Babarti</a> (d. 1384)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Taftazani" title="Al-Taftazani">Al-Taftazani</a> (1322–1390)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abi_al-Izz" title="Ibn Abi al-Izz">Ibn Abi al-Izz</a> (1331–1390)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_al-Samarqandi" title="Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi">Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi</a> (1350–1410)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sharif_al-Jurjani" title="Al-Sharif al-Jurjani">Al-Sharif al-Jurjani</a> (1339–1414)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th/15th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nur_Qutb_Alam" title="Nur Qutb Alam">Nur Qutb Alam</a> (d. 1416)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_al-Fanari" title="Shams al-Din al-Fanari">Shams al-Din al-Fanari</a> (1350–1431)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Ala%27_al-Din_al-Bukhari" title="'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari">'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari</a> (1377–1438)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husam_ad-Din_Manikpuri" title="Husam ad-Din Manikpuri">Husam ad-Din Manikpuri</a> (d. 1449)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr_al-Din_al-Ayni" title="Badr al-Din al-Ayni">Badr al-Din al-Ayni</a> (1361–1451)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kamal_ibn_al-Humam" title="Al-Kamal ibn al-Humam">Al-Kamal ibn al-Humam</a> (1388–1457)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Qushji" title="Ali Qushji">Ali Qushji</a> (1403–1474)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khidr_Bey" title="Khidr Bey">Khidr Bey</a> (b. 1407)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th/16th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zenbilli_Ali_Cemali_Efendi" title="Zenbilli Ali Cemali Efendi">Zenbilli Ali Cemali Efendi</a> (1445–1526)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kemal" title="Ibn Kemal">Ibn Kemal</a> (1468–1536)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Quddus_Gangohi" title="Abdul Quddus Gangohi">Abdul Quddus Gangohi</a> (1456–1537)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibr%C4%81h%C4%ABm_al-%E1%B8%A4alab%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibrāhīm al-Ḥalabī">Ibrāhīm al-Ḥalabī</a> (1460–1549)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahreddin-i_Acemi" title="Fahreddin-i Acemi">Fahreddin-i Acemi</a> (d. 1460)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ghawth" title="Muhammad Ghawth">Muhammad Ghawth</a> (1500–1562)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagore_Shahul_Hamid" title="Nagore Shahul Hamid">Nagore Shahul Hamid</a> (1504–1570)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosleh_al-Din_Lari" title="Mosleh al-Din Lari">Mosleh al-Din Lari</a> (1510–1572)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Birgivi" title="Muhammad Birgivi">Muhammad Birgivi</a> (1522–1573)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebussuud_Efendi" title="Ebussuud Efendi">Ebussuud Efendi</a> (1490–1574)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_Makhdoom" title="Hamza Makhdoom">Hamza Makhdoom</a> (1494–1576)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wajihuddin_Alvi" title="Wajihuddin Alvi">Wajihuddin Alvi</a> (1490–1580)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C5%9Fk%C3%B6pr%C3%BCzade" title="Taşköprüzade">Taşköprülüzade Ahmet</a> (1495–1561)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaykh_Yaqub_Sarfi_Kashmiri" title="Shaykh Yaqub Sarfi Kashmiri">Yaqub Sarfi Kashmiri</a> (1521–1595)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoca_Sadeddin_Efendi" title="Hoca Sadeddin Efendi">Sadeddin Efendi</a> (1536–1599)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Selaniki" title="Mustafa Selaniki">Mustafa Selaniki</a> (d. 1600)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Qari" title="Ali al-Qari">Ali al-Qari</a> (d. 1606)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th/17th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sirhindi" title="Ahmad Sirhindi">Ahmad Sirhindi</a> (1564–1624)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hocazade_Esad_Efendi" title="Hocazade Esad Efendi">Esad Efendi</a> (1570–1625)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kad%C4%B1zade_Mehmed" title="Kadızade Mehmed">Kadızade Mehmed</a> (1582–1635)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Abd_al-Haqq_al-Dehlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="'Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi">'Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi</a> (1551–1642)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baha%27i_Mehmed_Efendi" title="Baha'i Mehmed Efendi">Mehmed Efendi</a> (1595–1654)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2tip_%C3%87elebi" title="Kâtip Çelebi">Kâtip Çelebi</a> (1609–1657)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jana_Begum" title="Jana Begum">Jana Begum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihab_al-Din_al-Khafaji" title="Shihab al-Din al-Khafaji">Shihab al-Din al-Khafaji</a> (1569–1659)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khayr_al-Din_al-Ramli" title="Khayr al-Din al-Ramli">Khayr al-Din al-Ramli</a> (1585–1671)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Rafi_Mohammad" title="Syed Rafi Mohammad">Syed Rafi Mohammad</a> (d. 1679)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir_Zahid_Harawi" title="Mir Zahid Harawi">Mir Zahid Harawi</a> (d. 1689)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Inayatullah" title="Syed Inayatullah">Syed Inayatullah</a> (d. 1713)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th/18th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Abdur_Rahim" title="Shah Abdur Rahim">Shah Abdur Rahim</a> (1644–1719)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zinat-un-Nissa_Begum" title="Zinat-un-Nissa Begum">Zinat-un-Nissa Begum</a> (1643–1721)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Hayatullah" title="Syed Hayatullah">Syed Hayatullah</a> (d. 1722)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Ghani_al-Nabulsi" title="Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi">Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi</a> (1641–1731)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Mohammad_Zaman" title="Syed Mohammad Zaman">Syed Mohammad Zaman</a> (d. 1756)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashim_Thattvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashim Thattvi">Hashim Thattvi</a> (1692–1761)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Waliullah_Dehlawi" title="Shah Waliullah Dehlawi">Shah Waliullah Dehlawi</a> (1703–1762)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Nuri_Bengali" title="Shah Nuri Bengali">Shah Nuri Bengali</a> (d. 1785)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Mazhar_Jan-e-Janaan" title="Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan">Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan</a> (1699–1781)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murtada_al-Zabidi" title="Murtada al-Zabidi">Murtada al-Zabidi</a> (1732–1790)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanaullah_Panipati" title="Sanaullah Panipati">Sanaullah Panipati</a> (1730–1810)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Mohammad_Rafi" title="Syed Mohammad Rafi">Syed Mohammad Rafi</a> (d. 1803)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majduddin" title="Majduddin">Majduddin</a> (d. 1813)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th/19th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87erkes_Halil_Efendi" title="Çerkes Halil Efendi">Çerkes Halil Efendi</a> (d. 1821)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Ali_Dehlavi" title="Ghulam Ali Dehlavi">Ghulam Ali Dehlavi</a> (1743–1824)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Abdul_Aziz_Dehlavi" title="Shah Abdul Aziz Dehlavi">Shah Abdul Aziz</a> (1746–1824)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_al-Fudayliya" title="Fatima al-Fudayliya">Fatima al-Fudayliya</a> (d. 1831)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_Barelvi" title="Syed Ahmad Barelvi">Syed Ahmad Barelvi</a> (1786–1831)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titumir" title="Titumir">Syed Mir Nisar Ali</a> (1782–1831)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abidin" title="Ibn Abidin">Ibn Abidin</a> (1784–1836)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Shariatullah" title="Haji Shariatullah">Haji Shariatullah</a> (1781–1840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Muhammad_Ishaq" title="Shah Muhammad Ishaq">Shah Muhammad Ishaq</a> (1783–1846)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Ali_Nanautawi" title="Mamluk Ali Nanautawi">Mamluk Ali Nanautawi</a> (1789–1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_al-Alusi" title="Mahmud al-Alusi">Mahmud al-Alusi</a> (1802–1854)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazl-e-Haq_Khairabadi" title="Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi">Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi</a> (1796–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudu_Miyan" title="Dudu Miyan">Dudu Miyan</a> (1819–1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karamat_Ali_Jaunpuri" title="Karamat Ali Jaunpuri">Karamat Ali Jaunpuri</a> (1800–1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Ghani_al-Ghunaymi_al-Maydani" title="Abd al-Ghani al-Ghunaymi al-Maydani">Al-Maydani</a> (1807–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haji_Dost_Muhammad_Qandhari" title="Haji Dost Muhammad Qandhari">Haji Dost Muhammad Qandhari</a> (1801–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Shah_Mehr_Ali_Alquadri_Al_Baghdadi" title="Syed Shah Mehr Ali Alquadri Al Baghdadi">Mehr Ali Qadiri</a> (1808–1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Ma_Dexin" title="Yusuf Ma Dexin">Yusuf Ma Dexin</a> (1794–1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naqi_Ali_Khan" title="Naqi Ali Khan">Naqi Ali Khan</a> (1830–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Qasim_Nanautavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi">Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi</a> (1832–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Ali_Saharanpuri" title="Ahmad Ali Saharanpuri">Ahmad Ali Saharanpuri</a> (1810–1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqub_Nanautawi" title="Yaqub Nanautawi">Yaqub Nanautawi</a> (1833–1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazhar_Nanautawi" title="Mazhar Nanautawi">Mazhar Nanautawi</a> (1821–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Al_Ubaidi_Suhrawardy" title="Ubaidullah Al Ubaidi Suhrawardy">Ubaidullah Suhrawardy</a> (1832–1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Hayy_al-Lucknawi" title="Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi">Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi</a> (1848–1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Muhammad_Siddique" title="Hafiz Muhammad Siddique">Siddiq Bharchundi</a> (1819–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafiuddin_Deobandi" title="Rafiuddin Deobandi">Rafiuddin Deobandi</a> (1836–1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahmatullah_Kairanawi" title="Rahmatullah Kairanawi">Rahmatullah Kairanawi</a> (1818–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Ruhi_Efendi" title="Mustafa Ruhi Efendi">Mustafa Ruhi Efendi</a> (1800–1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmoodullah_Shah" title="Mahmoodullah Shah">Mahmoodullah Hussaini</a> (d. 1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_Dehlavi_(academic)" title="Syed Ahmad Dehlavi (academic)">Syed Ahmad Dehlavi</a> (died 1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imdadullah_Muhajir_Makki" title="Imdadullah Muhajir Makki">Imdadullah Muhajir Makki</a> (1817–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Ahmad_Jaunpuri" title="Hafiz Ahmad Jaunpuri">Hafiz Ahmad Jaunpuri</a> (1834–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ahmad_Gangohi" title="Rashid Ahmad Gangohi">Rashid Ahmad Gangohi</a> (1826–1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Wahid_Bengali" title="Abdul Wahid Bengali">Abdul Wahid Bengali</a> (1850–1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_Ullah" class="mw-redirect" title="Syed Ahmad Ullah">Syed Ahmadullah Maizbhandari</a> (1826–1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazlur_Rahman_Usmani" title="Fazlur Rahman Usmani">Fazlur Rahman Usmani</a> (1831–1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_ibn_Abbas_ibn_Siddiq" title="Abd Allah ibn Abbas ibn Siddiq">Abd Allah ibn Abbas ibn Siddiq</a> (1854–1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Naimuddin" title="Muhammad Naimuddin">Muhammad Naimuddin</a> (1832–1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Raza_Khan" title="Hassan Raza Khan">Hassan Raza Khan</a> (1859–1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Muhammad_Abid" title="Sayyid Muhammad Abid">Sayyid Muhammad Abid</a> (1834–1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Hasan_Amrohi" title="Ahmad Hasan Amrohi">Ahmad Hasan Amrohi</a> (1850–1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kareemullah_Shah" title="Kareemullah Shah">Kareemullah Shah</a> (1838–1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shibli_Nomani" title="Shibli Nomani">Shibli Nomani</a> (1857–1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najib_Ali_Choudhury" title="Najib Ali Choudhury">Najib Ali Choudhury</a> (fl. 1870s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th/20th</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Barelvi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Asrarullah_Hussaini" title="Mohammed Asrarullah Hussaini">Asrarullah Hussaini</a> (1856–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Raza_Khan_Barelvi" title="Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi">Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi</a> (1856–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Amjad" title="Muhammad Amjad">Muhammad Amjad</a> (d. 1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Muhammad_Din_Puri" title="Ghulam Muhammad Din Puri">Ghulam Muhammad Dinpuri</a> (1835–1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Qasim_Sadiq" title="Muhammad Qasim Sadiq">Qasim Sadiq</a> (1845–1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_Raza_Khan" title="Hamid Raza Khan">Hamid Raza Khan</a> (1875–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amjad_Ali_Aazmi" title="Amjad Ali Aazmi">Amjad Ali Aazmi</a> (1882–1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naeem-ud-Deen_Muradabadi" title="Naeem-ud-Deen Muradabadi">Naeem-ud-Deen Muradabadi</a> (1887–1948)</li> <li>Abdullah Barelvi (1841–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaat_Ali_Shah" title="Jamaat Ali Shah">Jamaat Ali Shah</a> (1834–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murtaza_Hasan_Chandpuri" title="Murtaza Hasan Chandpuri">Murtaza Hasan Chandpuri</a> (1868–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kifayatullah_Dehlawi" title="Kifayatullah Dehlawi">Kifayatullah Dehlawi</a> (1875–1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihabuddeen_Ahmed_Koya_Shaliyathi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shihabuddeen Ahmed Koya Shaliyathi">Shihabuddeen Ahmed Koya Shaliyathi</a> (1885–1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abdul_Aleem_Siddiqi" title="Muhammad Abdul Aleem Siddiqi">Abdul Aleem Siddiqi</a> (1892–1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_ul-Hasanat" title="Amin ul-Hasanat">Amin ul-Hasanat</a> (1922–1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Ahmad_Chishti" title="Sardar Ahmad Chishti">Sardar Ahmad Chishti</a> (1903–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Raza_Khan" title="Ibrahim Raza Khan">Ibrahim Raza Khan</a> (1907–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_Qadri_Badayuni" title="Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni">Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni</a> (1898–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Abdul_Ghafoor_Hazarvi" title="Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi">Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi</a> (1909–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazlur_Rahman_Ansari" title="Fazlur Rahman Ansari">Fazlur Rahman Ansari</a> (1914–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Mohi-ud-Din_Ghaznavi" title="Ghulam Mohi-ud-Din Ghaznavi">Ghulam Mohiuddin Ghaznavi</a> (1902–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Raza_Khan_Qadri" title="Mustafa Raza Khan Qadri">Mustafa Raza Khan</a> (1892–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziauddin_Madani_(scholar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziauddin Madani (scholar)">Ziauddin Madni</a> (1877–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Qamar_ul_Din_Sialvi" title="Khwaja Qamar ul Din Sialvi">Khwaja Qamar ul Din Sialvi</a> (1906–1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Muslehuddin_Siddiqui" title="Muhammad Muslehuddin Siddiqui">Muslehuddin Siddiqui</a> (1918–1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faiz-ul_Hassan_Shah" title="Faiz-ul Hassan Shah">Faiz-ul Hassan Shah</a> (1911–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shafee_Okarvi" title="Shafee Okarvi">Shafee Okarvi</a> (1930–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Saeed_Kazmi" title="Ahmad Saeed Kazmi">Ahmad Saeed Kazmi</a> (1913–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Shujaat_Ali_Qadri" title="Syed Shujaat Ali Qadri">Shujaat Ali Qadri</a> (1941–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waqaruddin_Qadri" title="Waqaruddin Qadri">Waqaruddin Qadri</a> (1915–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Wahab_Siddiqi" title="Abdul Wahab Siddiqi">Abdul Wahab Siddiqi</a> (1942–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karam_Shah_al-Azhari" title="Karam Shah al-Azhari">Karam Shah Azhari</a> (1918–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadruddin_Islahi" title="Sadruddin Islahi">Sadruddin Islahi</a> (1917–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Ali_Okarvi" title="Ghulam Ali Okarvi">Ghulam Ali Okarvi</a> (1919–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Rashid_Ahmed_Jaunpuri" title="Syed Rashid Ahmed Jaunpuri">Rashid Ahmed Jaunpuri</a> (1889–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arshadul_Qadri" title="Arshadul Qadri">Arshadul Qadri</a> (1925–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ibrahim_Siddiqui" title="Muhammad Ibrahim Siddiqui">Ibrahim Siddiqui</a> (1930–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Ahmad_Noorani" title="Shah Ahmad Noorani">Shah Ahmad Noorani</a> (1926–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarfraz_Ahmed_Naeemi" title="Sarfraz Ahmed Naeemi">Sarfraz Ahmed Naeemi</a> (1948–2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deobandi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imamuddin_Punjabi" title="Imamuddin Punjabi">Imamuddin Punjabi</a> (died 1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_Madarshahi" title="Abdul Hamid Madarshahi">Abdul Hamid Madarshahi</a> (1869–1920)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mahmud Hasan Deobandi</a> (1851–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_Azizur_Rahman" title="Sufi Azizur Rahman">Sufi Azizur Rahman</a> (1862–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_Ahmad_Saharanpuri" title="Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri">Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri</a> (1852–1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Mungeri" title="Muhammad Ali Mungeri">Muhammad Ali Mungeri</a> (1846–1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aziz-ul-Rahman_Usmani" title="Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani">Azizur Rahman Usmani</a> (1859–1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafiz_Muhammad_Ahmad" title="Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad">Muhammad Ahmad Nanautawi</a> (1862–1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Ali_Tashna" title="Ibrahim Ali Tashna">Ibrahim Ali Tashna</a> (1872–1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Shah_Kashmiri" title="Anwar Shah Kashmiri">Anwar Shah Kashmiri</a> (1875–1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Mumtaz_Ali" title="Sayyid Mumtaz Ali">Sayyid Mumtaz Ali</a> (1860–1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majid_Ali_Jaunpuri" title="Majid Ali Jaunpuri">Majid Ali Jaunpuri</a> (d. 1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Muhasin_Muhammad_Sajjad" title="Abul Muhasin Muhammad Sajjad">Abul Muhasin Sajjad</a> (1880–1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shukrullah_Mubarakpuri" title="Shukrullah Mubarakpuri">Shukrullah Mubarakpuri</a> (1895–1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ali_Thanwi" title="Ashraf Ali Thanwi">Ashraf Ali Thanwi</a> (1863–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Ujani" title="Ibrahim Ujani">Ibrahim Ujani</a> (1863–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habibullah_Qurayshi" title="Habibullah Qurayshi">Habibullah Qurayshi</a> (1865–1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaidullah Sindhi</a> (1872–1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyas_Kandhlawi" title="Ilyas Kandhlawi">Ilyas Kandhlawi</a> (1885–1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asghar_Hussain_Deobandi" title="Asghar Hussain Deobandi">Asghar Hussain Deobandi</a> (1877–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Sahool_Bhagalpuri" title="Muhammad Sahool Bhagalpuri">Sahool Bhagalpuri</a> (d. 1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulaiman_Nadvi" title="Sulaiman Nadvi">Sulaiman Nadvi</a> (1884–1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbir_Ahmad_Usmani" title="Shabbir Ahmad Usmani">Shabbir Ahmad Usmani</a> (1887–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izaz_Ali_Amrohi" title="Izaz Ali Amrohi">Izaz Ali Amrohi</a> (1882–1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manazir_Ahsan_Gilani" title="Manazir Ahsan Gilani">Manazir Ahsan Gilani</a> (1892–1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussain_Ahmed_Madani" title="Hussain Ahmed Madani">Hussain Ahmed Madani</a> (1879–1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Saeed_Dehlavi" title="Ahmad Saeed Dehlavi">Ahmad Saeed Dehlavi</a> (1888–1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badre_Alam_Merathi" title="Badre Alam Merathi">Badre Alam Merathi</a> (1898–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azizul_Haq_(scholar,_born_1903)" title="Azizul Haq (scholar, born 1903)">Azizul Haq</a> (1903–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqsudullah" title="Maqsudullah">Maqsudullah</a> (1883–1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Raipuri" title="Abdul Qadir Raipuri">Abdul Qadir Raipuri</a> (1878–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Ali_Lahori" title="Ahmed Ali Lahori">Ahmed Ali Lahori</a> (1887–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hifzur_Rahman_Seoharwi" title="Hifzur Rahman Seoharwi">Hifzur Rahman Seoharwi</a> (1900–1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Kandhlawi" title="Yusuf Kandhlawi">Yusuf Kandhlawi</a> (1917–1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Ahmad_Hasan" title="Shah Ahmad Hasan">Shah Ahmad Hasan</a> (1882–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamsul_Haque_Faridpuri" title="Shamsul Haque Faridpuri">Shamsul Haque Faridpuri</a> (1896–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khair_Muhammad_Jalandhari" title="Khair Muhammad Jalandhari">Khair Muhammad Jalandhari</a> (1895–1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jalandhari" title="Muhammad Ali Jalandhari">Muhammad Ali Jalandhari</a> (1895–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushahid_Ahmad_Bayampuri" title="Mushahid Ahmad Bayampuri">Mushahid Ahmad Bayampuri</a> (1907–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rahman_Kashgari" title="Abdur Rahman Kashgari">Abdur Rahman Kashgari</a> (1912–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Fakhruddin_Ahmad" title="Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad">Syed Fakhruddin Ahmad</a> (1889–1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deen_Muhammad_Khan" title="Deen Muhammad Khan">Deen Muhammad Khan</a> (1900–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zafar_Ahmad_Usmani" title="Zafar Ahmad Usmani">Zafar Ahmad Usmani</a> (1892–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Miyan_Deobandi" title="Muhammad Miyan Deobandi">Muhammad Miyan Deobandi</a> (1903–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Balyawi" title="Ibrahim Balyawi">Ibrahim Balyawi</a> (1887–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Faizullah" title="Muhammad Faizullah">Muhammad Faizullah</a> (1892–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Wahhab_Pirji" title="Abdul Wahhab Pirji">Abdul Wahhab Pirji</a> (1895–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athar_Ali_Bengali" title="Athar Ali Bengali">Athar Ali Bengali</a> (1891–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shafi_Deobandi" title="Muhammad Shafi Deobandi">Shafi Usmani</a> (1897–1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Banuri" title="Yusuf Banuri">Yusuf Banuri</a> (1908–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Muhammad_Ishaq" title="Syed Muhammad Ishaq">Syed Muhammad Ishaq</a> (1915–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Ali_Badarpuri" title="Ahmed Ali Badarpuri">Ahmed Ali Badarpuri</a> (1915–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Mehboob_Rizwi" title="Syed Mehboob Rizwi">Mehboob Rizwi</a> (1911–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulana_Sahvi_Shah" title="Moulana Sahvi Shah">Sahvi Shah</a> (1923–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mufti_Mehmood" title="Mufti Mehmood">Mufti Mehmood</a> (1919–1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Abd_al-Wahhab" title="Shah Abd al-Wahhab">Shah Abd al-Wahhab</a> (1894–1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakariyya_Kandhlawi" title="Zakariyya Kandhlawi">Zakariyya Kandhlawi</a> (1898–1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Tayyib_Qasmi" title="Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi">Tayyib Qasmi</a> (1897–1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamsul_Haq_Afghani" title="Shamsul Haq Afghani">Shamsul Haq Afghani</a> (1901–1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Chatuli" title="Ibrahim Chatuli">Ibrahim Chatuli</a> (1894–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atiqur_Rahman_Usmani" title="Atiqur Rahman Usmani">Atiqur Rahman Usmani</a> (1901–1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeed_Ahmad_Akbarabadi" title="Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi">Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi</a> (1908–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azhar_Shah_Qaiser" title="Azhar Shah Qaiser">Azhar Shah Qaiser</a> (1920–1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harun_Babunagari" title="Harun Babunagari">Harun Babunagari</a> (1902–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rashid_Tarkabagish" title="Abdur Rashid Tarkabagish">Abdur Rashid Tarkabagish</a> (1900–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafizur_Rahman_Wasif_Dehlavi" title="Hafizur Rahman Wasif Dehlavi">Hafizur Rahman Wasif Dehlavi</a> (1910–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammadullah_Hafezzi" title="Muhammadullah Hafezzi">Muhammadullah Hafezzi</a> (1895–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Aziz_Malazada" title="Abdul Aziz Malazada">Abdul Aziz Malazada</a> (1917–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamsul_Huda_Panchbagi" title="Shamsul Huda Panchbagi">Shamsul Huda Panchbagi</a> (1897–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Haq_Akorwi" title="Abdul Haq Akorwi">Abdul Haq Akorwi</a> (1912–1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Jalil_Choudhury" title="Abdul Jalil Choudhury">Abdul Jalil Badarpuri</a> (1925–1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Matin_Chowdhury_(scholar)" title="Abdul Matin Chowdhury (scholar)">Abdul Matin Fulbari</a> (1915–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnatullah_Rahmani" title="Minnatullah Rahmani">Minnatullah Rahmani</a> (1913–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Taqi_Amini" title="Muhammad Taqi Amini">Taqi Amini</a> (1926–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_al-Rahman_al-A%27zami" title="Habib al-Rahman al-A'zami">Habib al-Rahman al-A'zami</a> (1900–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus_(scholar)" title="Muhammad Yunus (scholar)">Muhammad Yunus</a> (1906–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masihullah_Khan" title="Masihullah Khan">Masihullah Khan</a> (1912–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Hasan_Jashori" title="Abul Hasan Jashori">Abul Hasan Jashori</a> (1918–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_Naved_Usmani" title="Shams Naved Usmani">Shams Naved Usmani</a> (1931–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inamul_Hasan_Kandhlawi" title="Inamul Hasan Kandhlawi">Inamul Hasan Kandhlawi</a> (1918–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmood_Hasan_Gangohi" title="Mahmood Hasan Gangohi">Mahmood Hasan Gangohi</a> (1907–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qazi_Athar_Mubarakpuri" title="Qazi Athar Mubarakpuri">Athar Mubarakpuri</a> (1916–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamsuddin_Qasemi" title="Shamsuddin Qasemi">Shamsuddin Qasemi</a> (1935–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzoor_Nomani" title="Manzoor Nomani">Manzoor Nomani</a> (1905–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Ahmad_Nanupuri" title="Sultan Ahmad Nanupuri">Sultan Ahmad Nanupuri</a> (1914–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abdullah_Ghazi" title="Muhammad Abdullah Ghazi">Muhammad Abdullah Ghazi</a> (1935–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Hasan_Ali_Hasani_Nadwi" title="Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi">Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi</a> (1913–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ismail_Katki" title="Muhammad Ismail Katki">Ismail Katki</a> (1914–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharif_Hasan_Deobandi" title="Sharif Hasan Deobandi">Sharif Hasan Deobandi</a> (1920–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_Uddin_Gohorpuri" title="Nur Uddin Gohorpuri">Nur Uddin Gohorpuri</a> (1924–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ali_Bishwanathi" title="Ashraf Ali Bishwanathi">Ashraf Ali Bishwanathi</a> (1928–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafilur_Rahman_Nishat_Usmani" title="Kafilur Rahman Nishat Usmani">Kafilur Rahman Nishat Usmani</a> (1942–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Fazlul_Karim" title="Syed Fazlul Karim">Syed Fazlul Karim</a> (1935–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Abbas_Nadwi" title="Abdullah Abbas Nadwi">Abdullah Abbas Nadwi</a> (1925–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirajussajidin_Katki" title="Sirajussajidin Katki">Sirajussajidin Katki</a> (1939–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abrarul_Haq_Haqqi" title="Abrarul Haq Haqqi">Abrarul Haq Haqqi</a> (1920–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaidul_Haq" title="Ubaidul Haq">Ubaidul Haq</a> (1928–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anzar_Shah_Kashmiri" title="Anzar Shah Kashmiri">Anzar Shah Kashmiri</a> (1927–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obaidul_Haque" title="Obaidul Haque">Obaidul Haque Wazirpuri</a> (1934–2008)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehmet_Cemaleddin_Efendi" title="Mehmet Cemaleddin Efendi">Mehmet Cemaleddin Efendi</a> (1848–1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Awwal_Jaunpuri" title="Abdul Awwal Jaunpuri">Abdul Awwal Jaunpuri</a> (1867–1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azimuddin_Hanafi" title="Azimuddin Hanafi">Azimuddin Hanafi</a> (1838–1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medeni_Mehmet_Nuri_Efendi" title="Medeni Mehmet Nuri Efendi">Medeni Mehmet Nuri Efendi</a> (1859–1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamiduddin_Farahi" title="Hamiduddin Farahi">Hamiduddin Farahi</a> (1863–1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machiliwale_Shah" title="Machiliwale Shah">Machiliwale Shah</a> (d. 1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rab_Jaunpuri" title="Abdur Rab Jaunpuri">Abdur Rab Jaunpuri</a> (1875–1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meher_Ali_Shah" title="Meher Ali Shah">Meher Ali Shah</a> (1859–1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulamur_Rahman" title="Gulamur Rahman">Ghulamur Rahman Maizbhandari</a> (1865–1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ishaq_(scholar)" title="Muhammad Ishaq (scholar)">Muhammad Ishaq</a> (1883–1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Abu_Bakr_Siddique" title="Mohammad Abu Bakr Siddique">Mohammad Abu Bakr Siddique</a> (1845–1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_Allah_Siraj" title="Abd Allah Siraj">Abd Allah Siraj</a> (1876–1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Yunus_Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Khwaja Yunus Ali">Khwaja Yunus Ali</a> (1886–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesaruddin_Ahmad" title="Nesaruddin Ahmad">Nesaruddin Ahmad</a> (1873–1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kawthari" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Kawthari">Al-Kawthari</a> (1879–1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Sabri" title="Mustafa Sabri">Mustafa Sabri</a> (1869–1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghousi_Shah" title="Ghousi Shah">Ghousi Shah</a> (1893–1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Ali_Enayetpuri" title="Ahmed Ali Enayetpuri">Ahmed Ali Enayetpuri</a> (1898–1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Batin_Jaunpuri" title="Abdul Batin Jaunpuri">Abdul Batin Jaunpuri</a> (1900–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momtazuddin_Ahmad" title="Momtazuddin Ahmad">Momtazuddin Ahmad</a> (1889–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abu_Zahra" title="Muhammad Abu Zahra">Muhammad Abu Zahra</a> (1898–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amimul_Ehsan_Barkati" title="Amimul Ehsan Barkati">Amimul Ehsan Barkati</a> (1911–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Mohiyuddin_Gilani" title="Ghulam Mohiyuddin Gilani">Ghulam Mohiyuddin Gilani</a> (1891–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Wafa_Al_Afghani" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Wafa Al Afghani">Abul Wafa Al Afghani</a> (1893–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Majid_Daryabadi" title="Abdul Majid Daryabadi">Abdul Majid Daryabadi</a> (1892–1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_A%27la_Maududi" title="Abul A'la Maududi">Abul A'la Maududi</a> (1903–1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rahim_(scholar)" title="Abdur Rahim (scholar)">Abdur Rahim Firozpuri</a> (1918–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muntakhib_al-Haqq" title="Muntakhib al-Haqq">Muntakhib al-Haqq</a> (fl. 1980s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Zafar_Mohammad_Saleh" title="Abu Zafar Mohammad Saleh">Abu Zafar Mohammad Saleh</a> (1915–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahamed_Muhyudheen_Noorishah_Jeelani" title="Ahamed Muhyudheen Noorishah Jeelani">Ahmed Muhyuddin Nuri Shah Jilani</a> (1915–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayed_Moazzem_Hossain" title="Sayed Moazzem Hossain">Sayed Moazzem Hossain</a> (1901–1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_al-Ansari_Ghazi" title="Hamid al-Ansari Ghazi">Hamid al-Ansari Ghazi</a> (1909–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayub_Ali" title="Ayub Ali">Ayub Ali</a> (1919–1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhtar_Ashraf" title="Mukhtar Ashraf">Mukhtar Ashraf</a> (1916–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Haque_Faridi" title="Abdul Haque Faridi">Abdul Haque Faridi</a> (1903–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamsul-hasan_Shams_Barelvi" title="Shamsul-hasan Shams Barelvi">Shamsul-hasan Shams Barelvi</a> (1917–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Fattah_Abu_Ghudda" title="Abd al-Fattah Abu Ghudda">Abd al-Fattah Abu Ghudda</a> (1917–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_Ahsan_Islahi" title="Amin Ahsan Islahi">Amin Ahsan Islahi</a> (1904–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ghulam_Moinuddin_Gilani" title="Syed Ghulam Moinuddin Gilani">Ghulam Moinuddin Gilani</a> (1920–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naeem_Siddiqui" title="Naeem Siddiqui">Naeem Siddiqui</a> (1916–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Latif_Chowdhury_Fultali" title="Abdul Latif Chowdhury Fultali">Abdul Latif Fultali</a> (1913–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abdullah_(academic)" title="Muhammad Abdullah (academic)">Muhammad Abdullah</a> (1932–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naseeruddin_Naseer_Gilani" title="Naseeruddin Naseer Gilani">Naseeruddin Naseer Gilani</a> (1949–2009)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">15th/21st</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Israr_Ahmed" title="Israr Ahmed">Israr Ahmed</a> (1932–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marghubur_Rahman" class="mw-redirect" title="Marghubur Rahman">Marghubur Rahman</a> (1914–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Saeed_Muhammad_Omar_Ali" title="Abu Saeed Muhammad Omar Ali">Abu Saeed Muhammad Omar Ali</a> (1945–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naseer_Ahmad_Khan_(scholar)" title="Naseer Ahmad Khan (scholar)">Naseer Ahmad Khan Bulandshahri</a> (1918–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zafeeruddin_Miftahi" title="Zafeeruddin Miftahi">Zafeeruddin Miftahi</a> (1926–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azizul_Haque_(scholar,_born_1919)" title="Azizul Haque (scholar, born 1919)">Azizul Haque</a> (1919–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdus_Sattar_Akon" title="Abdus Sattar Akon">Abdus Sattar Akon</a> (1929–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Saeed_Ahmed_Raipuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Saeed Ahmed Raipuri">Shah Saeed Ahmed Raipuri</a> (1926–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazlul_Haque_Amini" title="Fazlul Haque Amini">Fazlul Haque Amini</a> (1945–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahbi_Sulayman_Ghawji" title="Wahbi Sulayman Ghawji">Wahbi Sulayman Ghawji</a> (1923–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Fazal_Karim" title="Muhammad Fazal Karim">Muhammad Fazal Karim</a> (1954–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qazi_Mu%27tasim_Billah" title="Qazi Mu'tasim Billah">Qazi Mu'tasim Billah</a> (1933–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zubairul_Hasan_Kandhlawi" title="Zubairul Hasan Kandhlawi">Zubairul Hasan Kandhlawi</a> (1950–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurul_Islam_Farooqi" title="Nurul Islam Farooqi">Nurul Islam Farooqi</a> (1959–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Naruyi" title="Ahmad Naruyi">Ahmad Naruyi</a> (1963–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asad_Muhammad_Saeed_as-Sagharji" title="Asad Muhammad Saeed as-Sagharji">Asad Muhammad Saeed as-Sagharji</a> (d. 2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rahman_Chatgami" title="Abdur Rahman Chatgami">Abdur Rahman Chatgami</a> (1920–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Majeed_Ludhianvi" title="Abdul Majeed Ludhianvi">Abdul Majeed Ludhianvi</a> (1935–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Quraishi_Al-Azhari" title="Abdullah Quraishi Al-Azhari">Abdullah Quraishi Al-Azhari</a> (1935–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibtain_Raza_Khan" title="Sibtain Raza Khan">Sibtain Raza Khan</a> (1927–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhiuddin_Khan" title="Muhiuddin Khan">Muhiuddin Khan</a> (1935–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Jabbar_Jahanabadi" title="Abdul Jabbar Jahanabadi">Abdul Jabbar Jahanabadi</a> (1937–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Turab-ul-Haq" title="Shah Turab-ul-Haq">Shah Turab-ul-Haq</a> (1944–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleemullah_Khan" title="Saleemullah Khan">Saleemullah Khan</a> (1921–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus_Jaunpuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Yunus Jaunpuri">Yunus Jaunpuri</a> (1937–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Alauddin_Siddiqui" title="Muhammad Alauddin Siddiqui">Alauddin Siddiqui</a> (1938–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abdul_Wahhab" title="Muhammad Abdul Wahhab">Muhammad Abdul Wahhab</a> (1923–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Salim_Qasmi" title="Muhammad Salim Qasmi">Salim Qasmi</a> (1926–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhtar_Raza_Khan" title="Akhtar Raza Khan">Akhtar Raza Khan</a> (1943–2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iftikhar-ul-Hasan_Kandhlawi" title="Iftikhar-ul-Hasan Kandhlawi">Iftikhar-ul-Hasan Kandhlawi</a> (1922–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Motala" title="Yusuf Motala">Yusuf Motala</a> (1946–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Nabi_Kashmiri" title="Ghulam Nabi Kashmiri">Ghulam Nabi Kashmiri</a> (1965–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_Mahmud_(judge)" class="mw-redirect" title="Khalid Mahmud (judge)">Khalid Mahmud</a> (1925–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafazzul_Haque_Habiganji" class="mw-redirect" title="Tafazzul Haque Habiganji">Tafazzul Haque Habiganji</a> (1938–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdus_Sobhan" title="Abdus Sobhan">Muhammad Abdus Sobhan</a> (1936–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Momin_Imambari" title="Abdul Momin Imambari">Abdul Momin Imambari</a> (1930–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeed_Ahmad_Palanpuri" title="Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri">Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri</a> (1940–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salman_Mazahiri" title="Salman Mazahiri">Salman Mazahiri</a> (1946–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Ahmad_Shafi" title="Shah Ahmad Shafi">Shah Ahmad Shafi</a> (1945–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Adil_Khan" title="Muhammad Adil Khan">Adil Khan</a> (1957–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khadim_Hussain_Rizvi" title="Khadim Hussain Rizvi">Khadim Hussain Rizvi</a> (1966–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_Hossain_Kasemi" title="Nur Hossain Kasemi">Nur Hossain Kasemi</a> (1945–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Ur_Rahman_Hazarvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Aziz Ur Rahman Hazarvi">Azizur Rahman Hazarvi</a> (1948–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizamuddin_Asir_Adrawi" title="Nizamuddin Asir Adrawi">Nizamuddin Asir Adrawi</a> (1926–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_al-Sabuni" title="Muhammad Ali al-Sabuni">Muhammad Ali al-Sabuni</a> (1930–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Wakkas" title="Muhammad Wakkas">Muhammad Wakkas</a> (1952–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noor_Alam_Khalil_Amini" title="Noor Alam Khalil Amini">Noor Alam Khalil Amini</a> (1952–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usman_Mansoorpuri" title="Usman Mansoorpuri">Usman Mansoorpuri</a> (1944–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junaid_Babunagari" title="Junaid Babunagari">Junaid Babunagari</a> (1953–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wali_Rahmani" title="Wali Rahmani">Wali Rahmani</a> (1943–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebrahim_Desai" title="Ebrahim Desai">Ebrahim Desai</a> (1963–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam_Chatgami" title="Abdus Salam Chatgami">Abdus Salam Chatgami</a> (1943–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdur_Razzaq_Iskander" title="Abdur Razzaq Iskander">Abdur Razzaq Iskander</a> (1935–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurul_Islam_Jihadi" title="Nurul Islam Jihadi">Nurul Islam Jihadi</a> (1916–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faizul_Waheed" title="Faizul Waheed">Faizul Waheed</a> (1964–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahiduddin_Khan" title="Wahiduddin Khan">Wahiduddin Khan</a> (1925–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AbdulWahid_Rigi" title="AbdulWahid Rigi">AbdulWahid Rigi</a> (d. 2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Halim_Bukhari" title="Abdul Halim Bukhari">Abdul Halim Bukhari</a> (1945–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Rafi_Usmani" title="Muhammad Rafi Usmani">Rafi Usmani</a> (1936–2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delwar_Hossain_Sayeedi" title="Delwar Hossain Sayeedi">Delwar Hossain Sayeedi</a> (1940–2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahidul_Islam_(Mufti)" title="Shahidul Islam (Mufti)">Shahidul Islam</a> (1960–2023)</li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Living</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Mohammad_Saifur_Rahman" class="mw-redirect" title="Syed Mohammad Saifur Rahman">Saifur Rahman Nizami</a> (b. 1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Rasool_Jamaati" title="Ghulam Rasool Jamaati">Ghulam Rasool Jamaati</a> (b. 1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Waheed_Ashraf" title="Syed Waheed Ashraf">Syed Waheed Ashraf</a> (b. 1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Abdul_Qadir_Jilani" class="mw-redirect" title="Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani">Syed Abdul Qadir Jilani</a> (b. 1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhibbullah_Babunagari" title="Muhibbullah Babunagari">Muhibbullah Babunagari</a> (b. 1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziaul_Mustafa_Razvi_Qadri" title="Ziaul Mustafa Razvi Qadri">Ziaul Mustafa Razvi Qadri</a> (b. 1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qadir_Jilani_(Pakistani_scholar)" title="Abdul Qadir Jilani (Pakistani scholar)">Abdul Qadir Pakistani</a> (b. 1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nematullah_Azami" title="Nematullah Azami">Nematullah Azami</a> (b. 1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Ziya_Kavak%C3%A7%C4%B1" title="Yusuf Ziya Kavakçı">Yusuf Ziya Kavakçı</a> (b. 1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madni_Miyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Madni Miyan">Madni Miyan</a> (b. 1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qamruddin_Ahmad_Gorakhpuri" title="Qamruddin Ahmad Gorakhpuri">Qamruddin Ahmad Gorakhpuri</a> (b. 1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Zauq_Nadvi" title="Sultan Zauq Nadvi">Sultan Zauq Nadvi</a> (b. 1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zia_Uddin" title="Zia Uddin">Zia Uddin</a> (b. 1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arshad_Madani" title="Arshad Madani">Arshad Madani</a> (b. 1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Taqi_Usmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Taqi Usmani">Taqi Usmani</a> (b. 1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayed_Kamaluddin_Zafree" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayed Kamaluddin Zafree">Kamaluddin Zafree</a> (b. 1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muneeb-ur-Rehman" title="Muneeb-ur-Rehman">Muneeb-ur-Rehman</a> (b. 1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qamaruzzaman_Azmi" title="Qamaruzzaman Azmi">Qamaruzzaman Azmi</a> (b. 1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdolhamid_Ismaeelzahi" title="Abdolhamid Ismaeelzahi">Abdolhamid Ismaeelzahi</a> (b. 1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Qasim_Nomani" title="Abul Qasim Nomani">Abul Qasim Nomani</a> (b. 1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Idrees_Dahiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Idrees Dahiri">Idrees Dahiri</a> (b. 1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farid_Uddin_Chowdhury" title="Farid Uddin Chowdhury">Farid Uddin Chowdhury</a> (b. 1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farid_Uddin_Masood" title="Farid Uddin Masood">Farid Uddin Masood</a> (b. 1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmudul_Hasan_(scholar)" title="Mahmudul Hasan (scholar)">Mahmudul Hasan</a> (b. 1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Mukhtaruddin_Shah" title="Syed Mukhtaruddin Shah">Mukhtaruddin Shah</a> (b. 1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyas_Qadri" title="Ilyas Qadri">Ilyas Qadri</a> (b. 1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafeel_Ahmad_Qasmi" title="Kafeel Ahmad Qasmi">Kafeel Ahmad Qasmi</a> (b. 1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Tahir-ul-Qadri" title="Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri">Tahir-ul-Qadri</a> (b. 1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Kalam_Qasmi_Shamsi" title="Abul Kalam Qasmi Shamsi">Abul Kalam Qasmi Shamsi</a> (b. 1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaseen_Akhtar_Misbahi" title="Yaseen Akhtar Misbahi">Yaseen Akhtar Misbahi</a> (b. 1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Jamil" title="Tariq Jamil">Tariq Jamil</a> (b. 1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulfiqar_Ahmad_Naqshbandi" title="Zulfiqar Ahmad Naqshbandi">Zulfiqar Ahmad Naqshbandi</a> (b. 1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Khaliq_Madrasi" title="Abdul Khaliq Madrasi">Abdul Khaliq Madrasi</a> (b. 1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Sufyan_Qasmi" title="Muhammad Sufyan Qasmi">Sufyan Qasmi</a> (b. 1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadeem_al-Wajidi" title="Nadeem al-Wajidi">Nadeem al-Wajidi</a> (b. 1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurul_Islam_Olipuri" title="Nurul Islam Olipuri">Nurul Islam Walipuri</a> (b. 1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajjad_Nomani" title="Sajjad Nomani">Sajjad Nomani</a> (b. 1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghousavi_Shah" title="Ghousavi Shah">Ghousavi Shah</a> (b. 1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ameen_Mian_Quadri" title="Ameen Mian Quadri">Ameen Mian Quadri</a> (b. 1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pir_Sabir_Shah" title="Pir Sabir Shah">Pir Sabir Shah</a> (b. 1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Taher_Misbah" title="Abu Taher Misbah">Abu Taher Misbah</a> (b. 1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaukab_Noorani_Okarvi" title="Kaukab Noorani Okarvi">Kaukab Noorani Okarvi</a> (b. 1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamid_Saeed_Kazmi" title="Hamid Saeed Kazmi">Hamid Saeed Kazmi</a> (b. 1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahmatullah_Mir_Qasmi" title="Rahmatullah Mir Qasmi">Rahmatullah Mir Qasmi</a> (b. 1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_F_M_Khalid_Hossain" title="A F M Khalid Hossain">AFM Khalid Hossain</a> (b. 1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Najibul_Bashar_Maizbhandari" title="Syed Najibul Bashar Maizbhandari">Najibul Bashar Maizbhandari</a> (b. 1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Aziz_(Pakistani_cleric)" title="Abdul Aziz (Pakistani cleric)">Abdul Aziz Ghazi</a>]] (b. 1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakir_Ali_Noori" title="Shakir Ali Noori">Shakir Ali Noori</a> (b. 1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhul_Amin_(mufti)" title="Ruhul Amin (mufti)">Ruhul Amin</a> (b. 1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizanur_Rahman_Sayed" title="Mizanur Rahman Sayed">Mizanur Rahman Sayed</a> (b. 1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Hanif_Jalandhari" title="Muhammad Hanif Jalandhari">Hanif Jalandhari</a> (b. 1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sajidur_Rahman" title="Sajidur Rahman">Sajidur Rahman</a> (b. 1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Mogra" title="Ibrahim Mogra">Ibrahim Mogra</a> (b. 1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saad_Kandhlawi" title="Saad Kandhlawi">Saad Kandhlawi</a> (b. 1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faiz-ul-Aqtab_Siddiqi" title="Faiz-ul-Aqtab Siddiqi">Faiz-ul-Aqtab Siddiqi</a> (b. 1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Maroofi" title="Abdullah Maroofi">Abdullah Maroofi</a> (b. 1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Arshad_Misbahi" title="Muhammad Arshad Misbahi">Arshad Misbahi</a> (b. 1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Reza_Muhammad_Nezamuddin" title="Abu Reza Muhammad Nezamuddin">Abu Reza Nadwi</a> (b. 1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahfuzul_Haque" title="Mahfuzul Haque">Mahfuzul Haque</a> (b. 1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ilyas_Ghuman" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Ilyas Ghuman">Ilyas Ghuman</a> (b. 1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilal_Abdul_Hai_Hasani_Nadwi" title="Bilal Abdul Hai Hasani Nadwi">Bilal Abdul Hai Hasani Nadwi</a> (b. 1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasim_Rashid_Ahmad" title="Qasim Rashid Ahmad">Qasim Rashid Ahmad</a> (b. 1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asjad_Raza_Khan" title="Asjad Raza Khan">Asjad Raza Khan</a> (b. 1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rezaul_Karim_(scholar)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rezaul Karim (scholar)">Syed Rezaul Karim</a> (b. 1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Yusuf_Riyadh_ul_Haq" title="Abu Yusuf Riyadh ul Haq">Riyadh ul Haq</a> (b. 1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arif_Jameel_Mubarakpuri" title="Arif Jameel Mubarakpuri">Arif Jameel Mubarakpuri</a> (b. 1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obaidullah_Hamzah" title="Obaidullah Hamzah">Obaidullah Hamzah</a> (b. 1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raza_Saqib_Mustafai" title="Raza Saqib Mustafai">Raza Saqib Mustafai</a> (b. 1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzoor_Mengal" title="Manzoor Mengal">Manzoor Mengal</a> (b. 1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Faizul_Karim" title="Syed Faizul Karim">Syed Faizul Karim</a> (b. 1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamunul_Haque" title="Mamunul Haque">Mamunul Haque</a> (b. 1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husam_Uddin_Chowdhury_Fultali" title="Husam Uddin Chowdhury Fultali">Husamuddin Fultali</a> (b. 1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdur_Rahman_ibn_Yusuf_Mangera" title="Abdur Rahman ibn Yusuf Mangera">Abdur Rahman Mangera</a> (b. 1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faraz_Rabbani" title="Faraz Rabbani">Faraz Rabbani</a> (b. 1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishtiaque_Ahmad_Qasmi" title="Ishtiaque Ahmad Qasmi">Ishtiaque Ahmad Qasmi</a> (b. 1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Adnan_Kakakhail" title="Syed Adnan Kakakhail">Adnan Kakakhail</a> (b. 1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Adam_Al-Kawthari" title="Muhammad ibn Adam Al-Kawthari">Muhammad al-Kawthari</a> (b. 1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harun_Izhar" title="Harun Izhar">Harun Izhar</a> (b. 1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amer_Jamil" title="Amer Jamil">Amer Jamil</a> (b. 1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasir_Nadeem_al_Wajidi" title="Yasir Nadeem al Wajidi">Yasir Nadeem al Wajidi</a> (b. 1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahinur_Pasha_Chowdhury" title="Shahinur Pasha Chowdhury">Shahinur Pasha Chowdhury</a> (b. 1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbas_Siddiqui" title="Abbas Siddiqui">Abbas Siddiqui</a> (b. 1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaif_Raza_Khan" title="Kaif Raza Khan">Kaif Raza Khan</a> (b. 2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Mohammad_Vastanvi" title="Ghulam Mohammad Vastanvi">Ghulam Mohammad Vastanvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tauqeer_Raza_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tauqeer Raza Khan">Tauqeer Raza Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhan_Raza_Khan" title="Subhan Raza Khan">Subhan Raza Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Malek_Halim" title="Abdul Malek Halim">Abdul Malek Halim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izharul_Islam_Chowdhury" title="Izharul Islam Chowdhury">Izharul Islam Chowdhury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amjad_M._Mohammed" title="Amjad M. Mohammed">Amjad M. Mohammed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar-ul-Haq_Haqqani" title="Anwar-ul-Haq Haqqani">Anwar-ul-Haq Haqqani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukarram_Ahmad" title="Mukarram Ahmad">Mukarram Ahmad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Khabeer_Azad" title="Abdul Khabeer Azad">Abdul Khabeer Azad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzaffar_Shah_Qadri" class="mw-redirect" title="Muzaffar Shah Qadri">Muzaffar Qadri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Scholars of other Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanbali_scholars" title="Template:Hanbali scholars">Hanbali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Maliki_scholars" title="Template:Maliki scholars">Maliki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Shafi%27i_scholars" title="Template:Shafi'i scholars">Shafi'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Zahiri_scholars" title="Template:Zahiri scholars">Zahiri</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Maturidi_school_of_Sunni_theology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #03C03C;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Maturidi" title="Template:Maturidi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Maturidi" title="Template talk:Maturidi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Maturidi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Maturidi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Maturidi_school_of_Sunni_theology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidi school of Sunni theology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCFF;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ash%27aris_and_Maturidis#Maturidis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ash'aris and Maturidis">Maturidi scholars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd AH/9th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Maturidi" title="Abu Mansur al-Maturidi">Abu Mansur al-Maturidi</a> (d. 333 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Samarqandi" title="Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi">Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi</a> (d. 342 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Kalabadhi" title="Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi">Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi</a> (d. 379 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Layth_al-Samarqandi" title="Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi">Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi</a> (d. 396 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th AH/10th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Zayd_al-Dabusi" title="Abu Zayd al-Dabusi">Abu Zayd al-Dabusi</a> (d. 429 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Hujwiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Hujwiri">Ali Hujwiri</a> (d. 464 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABsuf_Balasaguni" title="Yūsuf Balasaguni">Yūsuf Balasaguni</a> (d. 469 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bazdawi" title="Al-Bazdawi">Fakhr al-Islam al-Bazdawi</a> (d. 482 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sarakhsi" title="Al-Sarakhsi">Al-Sarakhsi</a> (d. 483 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Yusr_al-Bazdawi" title="Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi">Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi</a> (d. 493 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th AH/11th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Mu%27in_al-Nasafi" title="Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi">Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi</a> (d. 508 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Saffar_al-Bukhari" title="Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari">Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari</a> (d. 534 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Hamadani" title="Yusuf Hamadani">Yusuf Hamadani</a> (d. 535 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Ahmad-e_Jami" title="Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami">Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami</a> (d. 536 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hafs_Umar_al-Nasafi" title="Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi">Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi</a> (d. 537 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Yasawi" title="Ahmad Yasawi">Ahmad Yasawi</a> (d. 561 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_ad-Din_(died_1174)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur ad-Din (died 1174)">Nur al-Din Zengi</a> (d. 569 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_al-Din_al-Ushi" title="Siraj al-Din al-Ushi">Siraj al-Din al-Ushi</a> (d. 575 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_al-Din_al-Sabuni" title="Nur al-Din al-Sabuni">Nur al-Din al-Sabuni</a> (d. 580 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_al-Samarqandi" title="Fatima al-Samarqandi">Fatima al-Samarqandi</a> (d. 581 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kasani" title="Al-Kasani">Al-Kasani</a> (d. 587 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_al-Din_al-Ghaznawi" title="Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi">Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi</a> (d. 593 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th AH/12th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Thana%27_al-Lamishi" title="Abu al-Thana' al-Lamishi">Abu al-Thana' al-Lamishi</a> (d. beginning of the 6th century AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27azzam_Isa" title="Al-Mu'azzam Isa">Al-Mu'azzam 'Isa</a> (d. 624 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutbuddin_Bakhtiar_Kaki" title="Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki">Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki</a> (d. 632 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27in_al-Din_Chishti" title="Mu'in al-Din Chishti">Mu'in al-Din Chishti</a> (d. 633 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saif_ed-Din_al-Boharsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Saif ed-Din al-Boharsi">Saif ed-Din al-Boharsi</a> (d. 659 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Farid" title="Baba Farid">Baba Farid</a> (d. 664 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi">Rumi</a> (d. 671 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_al-Samarqandi" title="Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi">Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi</a> (d. after 690 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th AH/13th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Barakat_al-Nasafi" title="Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi">Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi</a> (d. 710 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Walad" title="Sultan Walad">Sultan Walad</a> (d. 711 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizamuddin_Auliya" title="Nizamuddin Auliya">Nizamuddin Auliya</a> (d. 725 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadr_al-Shari%27a_al-Asghar" title="Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar">Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar</a> (d. 747 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akmal_al-Din_al-Babarti" title="Akmal al-Din al-Babarti">Akmal al-Din al-Babarti</a> (d. 786 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baha%27_al-Din_Naqshband" title="Baha' al-Din Naqshband">Baha' al-Din Naqshband</a> (d. 791 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadi_Burhan_al-Din" title="Kadi Burhan al-Din">Kadi Burhan al-Din</a> (d. 800 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th AH/14th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bande_Nawaz" title="Bande Nawaz">Bande Nawaz</a> (d. 825 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_al-Fanari" title="Shams al-Din al-Fanari">Shams al-Din al-Fanari</a> (d. 834 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Ala%27_al-Din_al-Bukhari" title="'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari">'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari</a> (d. 841 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqub_al-Charkhi" title="Yaqub al-Charkhi">Yaqub al-Charkhi</a> (d. 851 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Arabshah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad ibn Arabshah">Ahmad ibn Arabshah</a> (d. 861 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr_al-Din_al-Ayni" title="Badr al-Din al-Ayni">Badr al-Din al-'Ayni</a> (d. 855 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kamal_ibn_al-Humam" title="Al-Kamal ibn al-Humam">Al-Kamal ibn al-Humam</a> (d. 861 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khidr_Bey" title="Khidr Bey">Khidr Bey</a> (d. 863 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Bistami" title="Ali al-Bistami">Ali al-Bistami</a> (d. 874 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Qushji" title="Ali Qushji">'Ali al-Qushji</a> (d. 879 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a> (d. 886 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Ahrar" title="Khwaja Ahrar">Khwaja Ahrar</a> (d. 895 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th AH/15th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali-Shir_Nava%27i" title="Ali-Shir Nava'i">Ali-Shir Nava'i</a> (d. 906 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husayn_Kashifi" title="Husayn Kashifi">Husayn Kashifi</a> (d. 910 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kemal" title="Ibn Kemal">Ibn Kemal</a> (d. 940 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Quddus_Gangohi" title="Abdul Quddus Gangohi">Abdul Quddus Gangohi</a> (d. 943 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibr%C4%81h%C4%ABm_al-%E1%B8%A4alab%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibrāhīm al-Ḥalabī">Ibrāhīm al-Ḥalabī</a> (d. 955 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C5%9Fk%C3%B6pr%C3%BCzade" title="Taşköprüzade">Taşköprüzade</a> (d. 968 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Birgivi" title="Muhammad Birgivi">Muhammad Birgivi</a> (d. 980 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebussuud_Efendi" title="Ebussuud Efendi">Ebussuud Efendi</a> (d. 982 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th AH/16th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Baqi_Billah" title="Khwaja Baqi Billah">Khwaja Baqi Billah</a> (d. 1011 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Qari" title="Ali al-Qari">'Ali al-Qari</a> (d. 1014 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Kafi_Pru%C5%A1%C4%8Dak" title="Hasan Kafi Pruščak">Hasan Kafi al-Aqhisari</a> (d. 1025 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sirhindi" title="Ahmad Sirhindi">Ahmad Sirhindi</a> (d. 1034 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Hudayi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmud Hudayi">Mahmud Hudayi</a> (d. 1037 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Abd_al-Haqq_al-Dehlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="'Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi">'Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi</a> (d. 1052 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulla_Mahmud_Jaunpuri" title="Mulla Mahmud Jaunpuri">Mulla Mahmud Jaunpuri</a> (d. 1061 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hakim_Sialkoti" title="Abdul Hakim Sialkoti">'Abd al-Hakim al-Siyalkoti</a> (d. 1067 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Daiyu" title="Wang Daiyu">Wang Daiyu</a> (d. around 1068 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2tip_%C3%87elebi" title="Kâtip Çelebi">Kâtip Çelebi</a> (d. 1068 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihab_al-Din_al-Khafaji" title="Shihab al-Din al-Khafaji">Shihab al-Din al-Khafaji</a> (d. 1069 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khayr_al-Din_al-Ramli" title="Khayr al-Din al-Ramli">Khayr al-Din al-Ramli</a> (d. 1081 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th AH/17th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a> (d. 1118 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Zhu" title="Ma Zhu">Ma Zhu</a> (d. around 1123 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Haqqi_Bursevi" title="Ismail Haqqi Bursevi">Ismail Haqqi Bursevi</a> (d. 1127 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Abdur_Rahim" title="Shah Abdur Rahim">Shah Abdur Rahim</a> (d. 1131 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhi_(scholar)" title="Liu Zhi (scholar)">Liu Zhi of Nanjing</a> (d. 1158 AH, or 1178 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizamuddin_Sihalivi" title="Nizamuddin Sihalivi">Nizamuddin Sihalivi</a> (d. 1161 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhdoom_Muhammad_Hashim_Thattvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi">Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi</a> (d. 1174 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Waliullah_Dehlawi" title="Shah Waliullah Dehlawi">Shah Waliullah Dehlawi</a> (d. 1176 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Ghani_al-Nabulsi" title="Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi">'Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi</a> (d. 1176 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0brahim_Hakk%C4%B1_Erzurumi" title="İbrahim Hakkı Erzurumi">İbrahim Hakkı Erzurumi</a> (d. 1193 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Mazhar_Jan-e-Janaan" title="Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan">Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan</a> (d. 1195 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th AH/18th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gelenbevi_Ismail_Efendi" title="Gelenbevi Ismail Efendi">Gelenbevi Ismail Efendi</a> (d. 1204 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murtada_al-Zabidi" title="Murtada al-Zabidi">Murtada al-Zabidi</a> (d. 1205 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanaullah_Panipati" title="Sanaullah Panipati">Sanaullah Panipati</a> (d. 1225 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghabdennasir_Qursawi" title="Ghabdennasir Qursawi">Ghabdennasir Qursawi</a> (d. 1226 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Ali_Dehlavi" title="Ghulam Ali Dehlavi">Ghulam Ali Dehlavi</a> (d. 1239 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Abdul_Aziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Abdul Aziz">Shah Abdul Aziz</a> (d. 1239 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Ismail_Dehlvi" title="Shah Ismail Dehlvi">Shah Ismail Dehlvi</a> (d. 1246 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_Barelvi" title="Syed Ahmad Barelvi">Syed Ahmad Barelvi</a> (d. 1246 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abidin" title="Ibn Abidin">Ibn 'Abidin</a> (d. 1252 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_%27Abid_al-Sindi" title="Muhammad 'Abid al-Sindi">Muhammad 'Abid al-Sindi</a> (d. 1257 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Ali_Nanautawi" title="Mamluk Ali Nanautawi">Mamluk Ali Nanautawi</a> (d. 1267 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazl-e-Haq_Khairabadi" title="Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi">Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi</a> (d. 1278 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Ma_Dexin" title="Yusuf Ma Dexin">Yusuf Ma Dexin</a> (d. 1291 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Qasim_Nanautavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi">Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi</a> (d. 1297 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naqi_Ali_Khan" title="Naqi Ali Khan">Naqi Ali Khan</a> (d. 1297 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Ghani_al-Ghunaymi_al-Maydani" title="Abd al-Ghani al-Ghunaymi al-Maydani">'Abd al-Ghani al-Maydani</a> (d. 1298 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th AH/19th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Hayy_al-Lucknawi" title="Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi">'Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi</a> (d. 1304 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eihabetdin_M%C3%A4rcani" title="Şihabetdin Märcani">Shihab al-Din al-Marjani</a> (d. 1306 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahmatullah_Kairanawi" title="Rahmatullah Kairanawi">Rahmatullah al-Kairanawi</a> (d. 1308 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giritli_S%C4%B1rr%C4%B1_Pasha" title="Giritli Sırrı Pasha">Giritli Sırrı Pasha</a> (d. 1312 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Cevdet_Pasha" title="Ahmed Cevdet Pasha">Ahmed Cevdet Pasha</a> (d. 1312 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imdadullah_Muhajir_Makki" title="Imdadullah Muhajir Makki">Imdadullah Muhajir Makki</a> (d. 1317 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abai_Qunanbaiuly" title="Abai Qunanbaiuly">Abai Qunanbaiuly</a> (d. 1321 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ahmad_Gangohi" title="Rashid Ahmad Gangohi">Rashid Ahmad Gangohi</a> (d. 1323 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Hasan_Amrohi" title="Ahmad Hasan Amrohi">Ahmad Hasan Amrohi</a> (d. 1330 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Anwaarullah_Farooqui" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Anwaarullah Farooqui">Muhammad Anwaarullah Farooqui</a> (d. 1335 AH)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mahmud Hasan Deobandi</a> (d. 1338 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Raza_Khan_Barelvi" title="Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi">Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi</a> (d. 1340 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakarim_Qudayberdiuli" title="Shakarim Qudayberdiuli">Shakarim Qudayberdiuli</a> (d. 1344 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Mungeri" title="Muhammad Ali Mungeri">Muhammad Ali Mungeri</a> (d. 1346 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_Ahmad_Saharanpuri" title="Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri">Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri</a> (d. 1346 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Shah_Kashmiri" title="Anwar Shah Kashmiri">Anwar Shah Kashmiri</a> (d. 1352 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Bakhit_al-Muti%27i" title="Muhammad Bakhit al-Muti'i">Muhammad Bakhit al-Muti'i</a> (d. 1354 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatma_Aliye_Topuz" title="Fatma Aliye Topuz">Fatma Aliye Topuz</a> (d. 1354 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meher_Ali_Shah" title="Meher Ali Shah">Meher Ali Shah</a> (d. 1356 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammed_Hamdi_Yaz%C4%B1r" title="Muhammed Hamdi Yazır">Muhammed Hamdi Yazır</a> (d. 1361 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ali_Thanwi" title="Ashraf Ali Thanwi">Ashraf Ali Thanwi</a> (d. 1361 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaidullah Sindhi</a> (d. 1364 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbir_Ahmad_Usmani" title="Shabbir Ahmad Usmani">Shabbir Ahmad Usmani</a> (d. 1368 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_Bigiev" title="Musa Bigiev">Musa Bigiev</a> (d. 1368 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kawthari" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Kawthari">Al-Kawthari</a> (d. 1371 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kifayatullah_Dehlawi" title="Kifayatullah Dehlawi">Kifayatullah Dehlawi</a> (d. 1371 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Sabri" title="Mustafa Sabri">Mustafa Sabri</a> (d. 1373 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussain_Ahmed_Madani" title="Hussain Ahmed Madani">Husayn Ahmad al-Madani</a> (d. 1377 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Hilmi_Tunahan" title="Süleyman Hilmi Tunahan">Süleyman Hilmi Tunahan</a> (d. 1378 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96mer_Nasuhi_Bilmen" title="Ömer Nasuhi Bilmen">Ömer Nasuhi Bilmen</a> (d. 1391 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abu_Zahra" title="Muhammad Abu Zahra">Muhammad Abu Zahra</a> (d. 1394 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shafi%27_Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Shafi' Deobandi">Muhammad Shafi' Deobandi</a> (d. 1395 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Wafa_Al_Afghani" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Wafa Al Afghani">Abul Wafa Al Afghani</a> (d. 1395 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Majid_Daryabadi" title="Abdul Majid Daryabadi">Abdul Majid Daryabadi</a> (d. 1397 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th AH/20th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zakariyya_al-Kandhlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi">Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi</a> (d. 1402 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Tayyib_Qasmi" title="Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi">Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi</a> (d. 1403 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Haq_Akorwi" title="Abdul Haq Akorwi">Abdul Haq Akorwi</a> (d. 1409 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_al-Rahman_al-%27Azmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Habib al-Rahman al-'Azmi">Habib al-Rahman al-'Azmi</a> (d. 1412 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayub_Ali" title="Ayub Ali">Muhammad Ayyub Ali</a> (d. 1415 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anzar_Shah_Kashmiri" title="Anzar Shah Kashmiri">Anzar Shah Kashmiri</a> (d. 1428 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahbah_al-Zuhayli" title="Wahbah al-Zuhayli">Wahbah al-Zuhayli</a> (d. 1436 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Salim_Qasmi" title="Muhammad Salim Qasmi">Muhammad Salim Qasmi</a> (d. 1439 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeed_Ahmad_Palanpuri" title="Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri">Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri</a> (d. 1441 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_al-Sabuni" title="Muhammad Ali al-Sabuni">Muhammad Ali al-Sabuni</a> (d. 1442 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_Hossain_Kasemi" title="Nur Hossain Kasemi">Nur Hossain Kasemi</a> (d. 1442 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usmankhan_Alimov" title="Usmankhan Alimov">Usmankhan Alimov</a> (d. 1443 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Rafi%27_Usmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Rafi' Usmani">Muhammad Rafi' Usmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Tahir-ul-Qadri" title="Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri">Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Taqi_Usmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Taqi Usmani">Muhammad Taqi Usmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husein_Kavazovi%C4%87" title="Husein Kavazović">Husein Kavazović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_Mezhiev" title="Salah Mezhiev">Salah Mezhiev</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imammaturidi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Imammaturidi.jpg/150px-Imammaturidi.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Imammaturidi.jpg/225px-Imammaturidi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Imammaturidi.jpg/300px-Imammaturidi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCFF;">Theology books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fiqh_al-Akbar" title="Al-Fiqh al-Akbar">Al-Fiqh al-Akbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Tawhid_(Al-Maturidi)" title="Kitab al-Tawhid (Al-Maturidi)">Kitab al-Tawhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir_al-Maturidi" title="Tafsir al-Maturidi">Tafsir al-Maturidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqidah_al-Tahawiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah">Al-'Aqida al-Tahawiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sawad_al-A%27zam" title="Al-Sawad al-A'zam">Al-Sawad al-A'zam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabsirat_al-Adilla" title="Tabsirat al-Adilla">Tabsirat al-Adilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharh_al-%27Aqa%27id_al-Nasafiyya" title="Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyya">'Aqa'id al-Nasafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talkhis_al-Adilla" title="Talkhis al-Adilla">Talkhis al-Adilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masnavi" title="Masnavi">Masnavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fihi_Ma_Fihi" title="Fihi Ma Fihi">Fihi Ma Fihi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Kitab" title="Han Kitab">Han Kitab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingzhen_Zhinan" title="Qingzhen Zhinan">Qingzhen Zhinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutadgu_Bilig" title="Kutadgu Bilig">Kutadgu Bilig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir_al-Mazhari" title="Tafsir al-Mazhari">Tafsir al-Mazhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izhar_ul-Haqq" title="Izhar ul-Haqq">Izhar ul-Haqq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muhannad_ala_al-Mufannad" title="Al-Muhannad ala al-Mufannad">Al-Muhannad ala al-Mufannad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hak_D%C4%ABni_Kur%27an_Dili" title="Hak Dīni Kur'an Dili">Hak Dīni Kur'an Dili</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCFF;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_international_conference_on_Sunni_Islam_in_Grozny" title="2016 international conference on Sunni Islam in Grozny">2016 international conference on Sunni Islam in Grozny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_International_Maturidi_Conference" title="2020 International Maturidi Conference">2020 International Maturidi Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Ra%27y" title="Ahl al-Ra'y">Ahl al-Ra'y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Tawhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gedimu" title="Gedimu">Gedimu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firangi_Mahal" title="Firangi Mahal">Firangi Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Deobandi">Deobandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barelvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Barelvi">Barelvi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Maturidi-related templates <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanafi_scholars" title="Template:Hanafi scholars">Hanafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ash%27ari" title="Template:Ash'ari">Ash'ari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sufi" title="Template:Sufi">Sufi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Islamic_theology" title="Template:Islamic theology">Islamic theology</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hindu–German_Conspiracy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu-German_Conspiracy" title="Template:Hindu-German Conspiracy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hindu-German_Conspiracy" title="Template talk:Hindu-German Conspiracy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu-German_Conspiracy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu-German Conspiracy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hindu–German_Conspiracy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93German_Conspiracy" title="Hindu–German Conspiracy">Hindu–German Conspiracy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a> (<a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_movement_for_Indian_independence" title="Revolutionary movement for Indian independence">militant</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shyamji_Krishna_Varma" title="Shyamji Krishna Varma">Shyamji Krishna Varma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhikaiji_Cama" title="Bhikaiji Cama">Bhikaiji Cama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_House" title="India House">India House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anushilan_Samiti" title="Anushilan Samiti">Anushilan Samiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugantar" title="Jugantar">Jugantar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alipore_Bomb_Case" class="mw-redirect" title="Alipore Bomb Case">Alipore Bomb Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi_conspiracy_case" title="Delhi conspiracy case">Delhi Conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:India_House" title="Category:India House"><i>More</i></a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ghadar_di_gunj.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ghadar_di_gunj.jpg/80px-Ghadar_di_gunj.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ghadar_di_gunj.jpg/120px-Ghadar_di_gunj.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ghadar_di_gunj.jpg/160px-Ghadar_di_gunj.jpg 2x" data-file-width="341" data-file-height="539" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ghadar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Har_Dayal" title="Har Dayal">Hardayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sohan_Singh_Bhakna" title="Sohan Singh Bhakna">Sohan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandurang_Sadashiv_Khankhoje" title="Pandurang Sadashiv Khankhoje">Pandurang Khankhoje</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Ghadar" title="Hindustan Ghadar">Hindustan Ghadar</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadar_di_gunj" title="Ghadar di gunj">Ghadar di gunj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadar_Movement" title="Ghadar Movement">Ghadar Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarak_Nath_Das" title="Tarak Nath Das">Tarak Nath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guran_Ditt_Kumar" title="Guran Ditt Kumar">Guran Ditt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Gurdit_Singh" title="Baba Gurdit Singh">Baba Gurdit Singh</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Komagata_Maru_incident" title="Komagata Maru incident">Komagata Maru</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhagwan_Singh_Gyanee" title="Bhagwan Singh Gyanee">Bhagwan Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhai_Parmanand" title="Bhai Parmanand">Bhai Parmanand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_Chandra_Bharadwaj" title="Ram Chandra Bharadwaj">Ram Chandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartar_Singh_Sarabha" title="Kartar Singh Sarabha">Kartar Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Ganesh_Pingle" title="Vishnu Ganesh Pingle">Vishnu Pingle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandit_Kanshi_Ram" title="Pandit Kanshi Ram">Kanshi Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_Smedley" title="Agnes Smedley">Agnes Smedley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ghadar_Party" title="Category:Ghadar Party"><i>More</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Berlin_Committee" title="Berlin Committee">Berlin Committee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virendranath_Chattopadhyaya" title="Virendranath Chattopadhyaya">Chatto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chempakaraman_Pillai" title="Chempakaraman Pillai">Champak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._R._Pillai" title="A. R. Pillai">A. R. Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._P._T._Acharya" title="M. P. T. Acharya">M. P. T. Acharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hafiz_Mohamed_Barakatullah" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Hafiz Mohamed Barakatullah">Barkatullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhupendranath_Datta" title="Bhupendranath Datta">Bhupendranath Datta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhinash_Bhattacharya" class="mw-redirect" title="Abhinash Bhattacharya">Abhinash Bhattacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahendra_Pratap" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahendra Pratap">Mahendra Pratap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herambalal_Gupta" title="Herambalal Gupta">Herambalal Gupta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu%E2%80%93German_Conspiracy" title="Category:Hindu–German Conspiracy"><i>More</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagha_Jatin" title="Bagha Jatin">Bagha Jatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rash_Behari_Bose" title="Rash Behari Bose">Rash Behari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachindra_Nath_Sanyal" title="Sachindra Nath Sanyal">Sachin Sanyal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavabhushan_Mitra" title="Bhavabhushan Mitra">Bhavabhushan Mitra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._N._Roy" title="M. N. Roy">M. N. Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giani_Pritam_Singh_Dhillon" title="Giani Pritam Singh Dhillon">Pritam Singh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarendranath_Chatterjee" title="Amarendranath Chatterjee">Amarendranath Chatterjee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atulkrishna_Ghosh" title="Atulkrishna Ghosh">Atulkrishna Ghosh</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Deobandi">Deobandi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_al-Hasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmud al-Hasan">Mahmud al-Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaidullah Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mian_Mansoor_Ansari" title="Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari">Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufi_Amba_Prasad" title="Sufi Amba Prasad">Sufi Amba Prasad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Revolutionary_movement_for_Indian_independence" title="Category:Revolutionary movement for Indian independence"><i>More</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">German figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theobald_von_Bethmann_Hollweg" title="Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg">Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Zimmermann" title="Arthur Zimmermann">Zimmermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_Bureau_for_the_East" title="Intelligence Bureau for the East">Intelligence Bureau for the East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_von_Oppenheim" title="Max von Oppenheim">Max von Oppenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_von_Papen" title="Franz von Papen">Papen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_von_Bernstorff" title="Johann Heinrich von Bernstorff">von Bernstorff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Rodiek" title="George Rodiek">George Rodiek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Otto_von_Hentig" title="Werner Otto von Hentig">Hentig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oskar_von_Niedermayer" title="Oskar von Niedermayer">Niedermayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu%E2%80%93German_Conspiracy" title="Category:Hindu–German Conspiracy"><i>More</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conspiracy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Larsen_affair" title="Annie Larsen affair">Annie Larsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Maverick" title="SS Maverick">SS <i>Maverick</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadar_Mutiny" title="Ghadar Mutiny">February plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_Singapore_Mutiny" title="1915 Singapore Mutiny">Singapore mutiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Conspiracy_Case_trial" title="Lahore Conspiracy Case trial">Lahore Conspiracy Case trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day_Plot" title="Christmas Day Plot">Christmas Day Plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silk_Letter_Movement" title="Silk Letter Movement">Silk Letter Conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niedermayer%E2%80%93Hentig_Expedition" title="Niedermayer–Hentig Expedition">Kabul Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_India" title="Provisional Government of India">Provisional Government of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93German_Conspiracy_Trial" title="Hindu–German Conspiracy Trial">Hindu–German Conspiracy Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu%E2%80%93German_Conspiracy" title="Category:Hindu–German Conspiracy"><i>More</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/British_counter-intelligence_against_the_Indian_revolutionary_movement_during_World_War_I" title="British counter-intelligence against the Indian revolutionary movement during World War I">Counter-intelligence</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W._C._Hopkinson" class="mw-redirect" title="W. C. Hopkinson">W. C. Hopkinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wallinger" title="John Wallinger">John Wallinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Political_Intelligence_Office" title="Indian Political Intelligence Office">Indian Political Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_Thomson" title="Basil Thomson">Basil Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MI5(g)" title="MI5(g)">MI5(g)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Kell" title="Vernon Kell">Vernon Kell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nathan_(intelligence_officer)" title="Robert Nathan (intelligence officer)">Robert Nathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirpal_Singh_(spy)" title="Kirpal Singh (spy)">Kirpal Singh</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oren_(spy)" title="Oren (spy)">Oren</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Kraft" title="Vincent Kraft">Vincent Kraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_William_Wiseman,_10th_Baronet" title="Sir William Wiseman, 10th Baronet">William Wiseman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Tegart" title="Charles Tegart">Charles Tegart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Gaunt" title="Guy Gaunt">Guy Gaunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._Somerset_Maugham" title="W. Somerset Maugham">W. Somerset Maugham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seistan_Force" title="Seistan Force">East Persia Cordon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T._E._Lawrence" title="T. E. Lawrence">Lawrence of Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_of_India_Act_1915" title="Defence of India Act 1915">Defence of India Act 1915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingress_into_India_Ordinance,_1914" title="Ingress into India Ordinance, 1914">Ingress into India Ordinance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Rowlatt" title="Sidney Rowlatt">Sidney Rowlatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowlatt_Committee" title="Rowlatt Committee">Rowlatt Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jallianwala_Bagh_massacre" title="Jallianwala Bagh massacre">Jallianwala Bagh massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Asianism" title="Pan-Asianism">Pan-Asianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dyama_Mitsuru" title="Tōyama Mitsuru">Tōyama Mitsuru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6734521#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6734521#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6734521#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000118715678">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb146290579">BnF data</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/181861836">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/mahmud-hasan-diyubendi">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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