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Your current IP address is 8.222.208.146. </p> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>Even while globally blocked, you will <i>usually</i> still be able to edit pages on <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="m:">Meta-Wiki</a>. </p> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">No open proxies</a> global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">post a request for review on Meta-Wiki</a>. You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details. </p> </div> <p>Other useful links: <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Global blocks">Global blocks</a> · <a href="/wiki/Help:I_have_been_blocked" title="Help:I have been blocked">Help:I have been blocked</a> </p> </div></li></ul><hr /> <div id="viewsourcetext">You can view and copy the source of this page:</div><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="en" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">==Operations== [[File:Helsinki Malmi Koivunen Oy 1.jpg|thumb|The [[loading dock]]s for truck transport at Koivunen Oy company in [[Malmi, Helsinki|Malmi]], [[Helsinki]], [[Finland]]]] A customised storage building, a warehouse enables a business to stockpile goods, e.g., to build up a full load prior to transport, or hold unloaded goods before further distribution, or store goods like wine and cheese that require maturation. As a place for storage, the warehouse has to be secure, convenient, and as spacious as possible, according to the owner's resources, the site and contemporary building technology. &nbsp;Before mechanised technology developed, warehouse functions relied on human labor, using mechanical lifting aids like pulley systems. Breaking it down, warehouse operations covers a number of important areas, from the receiving, organization, fulfillment, and distribution processes. These areas include: * Receiving of goods * Cross-docking of goods * Organizing and storing inventory * Attaching [[asset tracking]] solutions (like barcodes) to assets and inventory * Integrating and maintaining a tracking software, like a warehouse management system * Overseeing the integration of new technology * Selecting picking routes * Establishing sorting and packing practices * Maintaining the warehouse facility * Developing racking designs and warehouse infrastructure.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Stazzone|first=Shelly|date=2018-12-26|title=What is Warehouse Operations?|url=https://www.camcode.com/asset-tags/what-is-warehouse-operations/|access-date=2020-10-29|website=Camcode|language=en-US}}</ref> ===Storage and shipping systems=== Some of the most common warehouse storage systems are: * [[Pallet racking]] including selective, drive-in, drive-thru, double-deep, pushback, and gravity flow * Cantilever racking uses arms, rather than pallets, to store long thin objects like timber. * [[Mezzanine (architecture)|Mezzanine]] adds a semi-permanent story of storage within a warehouse<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.palletrackingsystemsltd.co.uk/glossary/mezzanine-flooring/ |title=Pallet Racking Systems Ltd|access-date=26 February 2016|date=2014-02-18}}</ref> * [[AS/RS|Vertical Lift Modules]] are packed systems with vertically arranged trays stored on both sides of the unit. * [[AS/RS|Horizontal Carousels]] consist of a frame and a rotating carriage of bins. * [[AS/RS|Vertical Carousels]] consisting of a series of carriers mounted on a vertical closed-loop track, inside a metal enclosure. A "piece pick" is a type of order selection process where a product is picked and handled in individual units and placed in an outer carton, tote or another container before shipping. Catalog companies and internet retailers are examples of predominantly piece-pick operations. Their customers rarely order in pallet or case quantities; instead, they typically order just one or two pieces of one or two items. Several elements make up the piece-pick system. They include the order, the picker, the pick module, the pick area, handling equipment, the container, the pick method used and the information technology used.<ref name="C4WDefault-2292585">{{cite book |title=PICK THIS! A Compendium of Piece-Picking Process Alternatives|isbn=9781892663467 |date=September 1, 2009 |author=OPSdesign Consulting |publisher=Warehousing Education & Research Council (WERC)}}</ref> Every movement inside a warehouse must be accompanied by a [[work order]]. Warehouse operation can fail when workers move goods without work orders, or when a storage position is left unregistered in the system. One of the most important factors to be considered while designing a warehouse storage plan is the Product Volume. The Products which has high demand and the ones that has to reach the customer or the next workstation in a short span of time has to be kept in places like low storage racks or even near primary aisles, which greatly minimizes the distance to be moved and thus the time consumed. Opposingly, the less frequent moved products can be placed somewhere distant from the primary aisles or even the higher storage racks. Material direction and [[Track & Trace|tracking]] in a warehouse can be coordinated by a [[Warehouse Management System]] (WMS), a [[database]] driven computer program. The development of work procedures goes hard in hand with training warehouse personnel. Most firms implement a WMS to standardize work procedure and encourage best practice. These systems facilitate management in their daily planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling the utilization of available resources, to move and store materials into, within, and out of a warehouse, while supporting staff in the performance of material movement and storage in and around a warehouse. [[Logistics]] personnel use the WMS to improve warehouse efficiency by directing pathways and to maintain accurate [[inventory]] by recording warehouse transactions. ===Automation and optimization=== {{main|Warehouse robotics}} [[File:Automatisches Kleinteilelager.jpg|thumb|An automatic storage warehouse for small parts]] Some warehouses are completely [[automation|automated]], and require only operators to work and handle all the task. Pallets and product move on a system of automated [[conveyor]]s, [[crane (machine)|cranes]] and [[automated storage and retrieval system]]s coordinated by [[programmable logic controller]]s and [[computer]]s running [[logistics automation]] software.{{citation needed|date=December 2016}} These systems are often installed in [[refrigeration|refrigerated]] warehouses where temperatures are kept very cold to keep the product from spoiling. This is especially true in electronics warehouses that require specific temperatures to avoid damaging parts. Automation is also common where land is expensive, as automated storage systems can use vertical space efficiently. These high-bay storage areas are often more than 10 meters (33 feet) high, with some over 20 meters (65 feet) high. Automated storage systems can be built up to 40m high. For a warehouse to function efficiently, the facility must be properly ''slotted''. Slotting addresses which storage medium a product is picked from ([[pallet racking|pallet rack]] or [[carton flow]]), where each item is placed for storage, and how items are picked (pick-to-light, [[Voice Directed Warehousing|pick-to-voice]], or pick-to-paper). With a proper slotting plan, a warehouse can ensure that fast moving items are stored in the most accessible areas or closest to dock areas, improve its inventory rotation requirements, such as [[FIFO and LIFO accounting|first in, first out (FIFO) and last in, first out (LIFO)]] systems, control labor costs and increase productivity.<ref>[http://www.sdcexec.com/news/10327109/effectively-slotting-a-warehouse-or-distribution-center ''Effectively Slotting a Warehouse or Distribution Center''] by Paul Hansen and Kelvin Gibson. [[Cygnus Business Media|Cygnus]] Supply and Demand Chain Executive. Accessed 2010-08-06.</ref> Pallet racks are commonly used to organize a warehouse. It is important to know the dimensions of racking and the number of bays needed as well as the dimensions of the product to be stored.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rackexpress.com/blog/pallet-rack/installation-guide-warehouse-storage-rack-systems/|title=Installation Guide to Warehouse Storage Rack Systems - Rack Express|website=www.rackexpress.com}}</ref> Clearance should be accounted for if using a forklift or pallet mover to move inventory. To help speed up the receiving of goods, [[Radio-frequency identification]] (RFID) portals have been installed at the doors of the warehouses for instant verification of product information like the SKUs and their quantities. RFID technology also ensures precise inventory management and easy goods and equipment tracking.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Technology Application for Smart Warehousing {{!}} SIPMM Publications |url=https://publication.sipmm.edu.sg/technology-application-for-smart-warehousing/#Radio_Frequency_Identification_RFID_Technology |access-date=2022-08-21 |website=publication.sipmm.edu.sg |date=7 July 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> ===Costs=== An article by Thomas W. Speh published around 1990 and considered significant by the Warehousing Forum stated that a [[costing]] system for warehousing should take account of the space allocated for storage per period of time, and the time taken for handling materials as they are admitted to or discharged from the warehouse. Speh advises businesses on the factors to be taken into account in building up a "handling price" and a "storage price", which will enable an operator to make a profit and take account of risks such as unused space, at the same time as managing buyers' expectations of a fair price.<ref>Speh, Thomas W., [https://www.warehousingforum.com/sample/Vol-24-number-07-Jun2009.pdf Understanding Warehouse Costs and Risks], ''Ackerman Warehousing Forum'', volume 24, number 7, June 2009, original written "nearly two decades" previously, edited by Kenneth B. Ackerman, accessed 15 February 2023</ref> ===Recent trends=== {{Unreferenced section|date=March 2019}} Modern warehouses commonly use a system of wide aisle pallet racking to store goods which can be loaded and unloaded using [[forklift trucks]]. Traditional warehousing has declined since the last decades of the 20th century, with the gradual introduction of [[Just In Time (business)|Just In Time]] (JIT) techniques. The JIT system promotes product delivery directly from suppliers to consumer without the use of warehouses. However, with the gradual implementation of [[offshore outsourcing]] and [[offshoring]] in about the same time period, the distance between the manufacturer and the retailer (or the parts manufacturer and the industrial plant) grew considerably in many domains, necessitating at least one warehouse per country or per region in any typical [[supply chain]] for a given range of products. Recent retailing trends have led to the development of [[Warehouse stores|warehouse-style retail stores]]. These high-ceiling buildings display retail goods on tall, heavy-duty industrial racks rather than conventional retail shelving. Typically, items ready for sale are on the bottom of the racks, and crated or palletized inventory is in the upper rack. Essentially, the same building serves as both a warehouse and retail store. Another trend relates to [[vendor-managed inventory]] (VMI). This gives the vendor the control to maintain the level of stock in the store. This method has its own issue that the vendor gains access to the warehouse.{{citation needed|date=April 2014}} </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"></div><p id="mw-returnto">Return to <a href="/wiki/Warehouse" title="Warehouse">Warehouse</a>.</p> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warehouse">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warehouse</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Warehouse&action=edit&section=14&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-8kfr9","wgBackendResponseTime":233,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.061","walltime":"0.087","ppvisitednodes":{"value":418,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":17740,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6556,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":9,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":469,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 62.110 1 -total"," 99.86% 62.021 2 Template:Blocked_text"," 41.59% 25.834 1 Template:Colocationwebhost"," 40.08% 24.895 2 Template:Replace"," 37.95% 23.572 1 Template:Hidden"," 16.95% 10.527 1 Template:Tlx"," 15.00% 9.314 1 Template:Hidden_begin"," 2.33% 1.445 1 Template:Hidden_end"," 2.14% 1.332 1 MediaWiki:Wikimedia-globalblocking-blockedtext-mistake"," 1.92% 1.190 1 MediaWiki:Wikimedia-globalblocking-blockedtext-mistake-email-steward"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.013","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1043249,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-8kfr9","timestamp":"20241125124602","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>