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Liao</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Simon Liao"> <meta name="keywords" content="Simon Liao"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Simon Liao" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Simon Liao"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 307</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Simon Liao</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">307</span> A City Adapting to the Mobile Government and Hybrid Culture Established by Khitan-Liao (907-1125): Up-Capital (Shangjing) and its Special Tent Zone</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robin%20Ruowei%20Yang">Robin Ruowei Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Khitan-Liao dynasty (907-1125) was founded by the nomadic Khitan people and showed its peculiarities. This regime not only effectively ruled their own nomads, but also ruled the farming ethnic groups of the Han (漢) and others. It also controlled vast territories that included the northern border domains of China, East Asia, and even Central Asia. Different from the practice of other nomadic people, Khitan-Liao built settlement towns and cities on the Mongolia steppe from beginning of the dynasty, which made the politics, economy and culture of the steppe area develop significantly. In the process of cities’ construction, Khitan-Liao set up five capitals respectively. Except three of them were rebuilt or expanded based on existing cities in agricultural areas, two new capitals were built, namely up-capital (Shangjing) and middle-capital (Zhongjing) in the steppe area. This article takes the up-capital (Shangjing) as an example to investigate a special zone in the capital for settling movable tents which adapted Khitan nomads, especially its nomadic government officials to live in. By using primary Chinese historical records and newly archaeological excavations, this article examines how the special tent zone used by the Khitan rulers, discusses how the Khitan-Liao manifested its hybrid cultural characteristics in urban planning, and its implications in studying the history of Khitan-Liao. The information, discussion and argument presented in this article are also worth considering the influence of urbanization of Khitan-Liao’s urbaization on subsequent dynasties in pre-modern China and Inner Asia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cities%20on%20Steppe" title="cities on Steppe">cities on Steppe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=special%20tent%20zone%20in%20cities" title=" special tent zone in cities"> special tent zone in cities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khitan-Liao" title=" Khitan-Liao"> Khitan-Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20culture" title=" hybrid culture"> hybrid culture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170800/a-city-adapting-to-the-mobile-government-and-hybrid-culture-established-by-khitan-liao-907-1125-up-capital-shangjing-and-its-special-tent-zone" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170800.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">306</span> Face Recognition Using Discrete Orthogonal Hahn Moments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatima%20Akhmedova">Fatima Akhmedova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon%20Liao"> Simon Liao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most critical decision points in the design of a face recognition system is the choice of an appropriate face representation. Effective feature descriptors are expected to convey sufficient, invariant and non-redundant facial information. In this work, we propose a set of Hahn moments as a new approach for feature description. Hahn moments have been widely used in image analysis due to their invariance, non-redundancy and the ability to extract features either globally and locally. To assess the applicability of Hahn moments to Face Recognition we conduct two experiments on the Olivetti Research Laboratory (ORL) database and University of Notre-Dame (UND) X1 biometric collection. Fusion of the global features along with the features from local facial regions are used as an input for the conventional k-NN classifier. The method reaches an accuracy of 93% of correctly recognized subjects for the ORL database and 94% for the UND database. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=face%20recognition" title="face recognition">face recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hahn%20moments" title=" Hahn moments"> Hahn moments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recognition-by-parts" title=" recognition-by-parts"> recognition-by-parts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time-lapse" title=" time-lapse"> time-lapse</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27781/face-recognition-using-discrete-orthogonal-hahn-moments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27781.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">305</span> A Collective Intelligence Approach to Safe Artificial General Intelligence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Craig%20A.%20Kaplan">Craig A. Kaplan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> If AGI proves to be a “winner-take-all” scenario where the first company or country to develop AGI dominates, then the first AGI must also be the safest. The safest, and fastest, path to Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) may be to harness the collective intelligence of multiple AI and human agents in an AGI network. This approach has roots in seminal ideas from four of the scientists who founded the field of Artificial Intelligence: Allen Newell, Marvin Minsky, Claude Shannon, and Herbert Simon. Extrapolating key insights from these founders of AI, and combining them with the work of modern researchers, results in a fast and safe path to AGI. The seminal ideas discussed are: 1) Society of Mind (Minsky), 2) Information Theory (Shannon), 3) Problem Solving Theory (Newell & Simon), and 4) Bounded Rationality (Simon). Society of Mind describes a collective intelligence approach that can be used with AI and human agents to create an AGI network. Information theory helps address the critical issue of how an AGI system will increase its intelligence over time. Problem Solving Theory provides a universal framework that AI and human agents can use to communicate efficiently, effectively, and safely. Bounded Rationality helps us better understand not only the capabilities of SuperIntelligent AGI but also how humans can remain relevant in a world where the intelligence of AGI vastly exceeds that of its human creators. Each key idea can be combined with recent work in the fields of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Large Language Models to accelerate the development of a working, safe, AGI system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AI%20Agents" title="AI Agents">AI Agents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Collective%20Intelligence" title=" Collective Intelligence"> Collective Intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minsky" title=" Minsky"> Minsky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Newell" title=" Newell"> Newell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shannon" title=" Shannon"> Shannon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon" title=" Simon"> Simon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AGI" title=" AGI"> AGI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AGI%20Safety" title=" AGI Safety"> AGI Safety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172933/a-collective-intelligence-approach-to-safe-artificial-general-intelligence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172933.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">304</span> Simon Says: What Should I Study?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fonteyne%20Lot">Fonteyne Lot</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> SIMON (Study capacities and Interest Monitor is a freely accessible online self-assessment tool that allows secondary education pupils to evaluate their interests and capacities in order to choose a post-secondary major that maximally suits their potential. The tool consists of two broad domains that correspond with two general questions pupils ask: 'What study fields interest me?' and 'Am I capable to succeed in this field of study?'. The first question is addressed by a RIASEC-type interest inventory that links personal interests to post-secondary majors. Pupils are provided with a personal profile and an overview of majors with their degree of congruence. The output is dynamic: respondents can manipulate their score and they can compare their results to the profile of all fields of study. That way they are stimulated to explore the broad range of majors. To answer whether pupils are capable of succeeding in a preferred major, a battery of tests is provided. This battery comprises a range of factors that are predictive of academic success. Traditional predictors such as (educational) background and cognitive variables (mathematical and verbal skills) are included. Moreover, non-cognitive predictors of academic success (such as 'motivation', 'test anxiety', 'academic self-efficacy' and 'study skills') are assessed. These non-cognitive factors are generally not included in admission decisions although research shows they are incrementally predictive of success and are less discriminating. These tests inform pupils on potential causes of success and failure. More important, pupils receive their personal chances of success per major. These differential probabilities are validated through the underlying research on academic success of students. For example, the research has shown that we can identify 22 % of the failing students in psychology and educational sciences. In this group, our prediction is 95% accurate. SIMON leads more students to a suitable major which in turn alleviates student success and retention. Apart from these benefits, the instrument grants insight into risk factors of academic failure. It also supports and fosters the development of evidence-based remedial interventions and therefore gives way to a more efficient use of means. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20success" title="academic success">academic success</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20self-assessment" title=" online self-assessment"> online self-assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20retention" title=" student retention"> student retention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vocational%20choice" title=" vocational choice"> vocational choice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22899/simon-says-what-should-i-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22899.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">303</span> Links and Blocks: the Role of Language in Samuel Beckett’s Selected Plays</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Su-Lien%20Liao">Su-Lien Liao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article explores the language in the four plays of Samuel Beckett–Waiting for Godot, Endgame, Krapp’s Last Tape, and Footfalls. It considers the way in which Beckett uses language, especially through fragmentation utterances, repetitions, monologues, contradictions, and silence. It discusses the function of language in modern society, in the theater of the absurd, and in the plays. Paradoxically enough, his plays attempts to communicate the incommunicability of language. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language" title="language">language</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Beckett" title=" Samuel Beckett"> Samuel Beckett</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theater%20of%20the%20absurd" title=" theater of the absurd"> theater of the absurd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20language%20teaching" title=" foreign language teaching"> foreign language teaching</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2324/links-and-blocks-the-role-of-language-in-samuel-becketts-selected-plays" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2324.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">444</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">302</span> Classification of Manufacturing Data for Efficient Processing on an Edge-Cloud Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Onyedikachi%20Ulelu">Onyedikachi Ulelu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrew%20P.%20Longstaff"> Andrew P. Longstaff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon%20Fletcher"> Simon Fletcher</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon%20Parkinson"> Simon Parkinson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The widespread interest in 'Industry 4.0' or 'digital manufacturing' has led to significant research requiring the acquisition of data from sensors, instruments, and machine signals. In-depth research then identifies methods of analysis of the massive amounts of data generated before and during manufacture to solve a particular problem. The ultimate goal is for industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) data to be processed automatically to assist with either visualisation or autonomous system decision-making. However, the collection and processing of data in an industrial environment come with a cost. Little research has been undertaken on how to specify optimally what data to capture, transmit, process, and store at various levels of an edge-cloud network. The first step in this specification is to categorise IIoT data for efficient and effective use. This paper proposes the required attributes and classification to take manufacturing digital data from various sources to determine the most suitable location for data processing on the edge-cloud network. The proposed classification framework will minimise overhead in terms of network bandwidth/cost and processing time of machine tool data via efficient decision making on which dataset should be processed at the ‘edge’ and what to send to a remote server (cloud). A fast-and-frugal heuristic method is implemented for this decision-making. The framework is tested using case studies from industrial machine tools for machine productivity and maintenance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20classification" title="data classification">data classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20making" title=" decision making"> decision making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edge%20computing" title=" edge computing"> edge computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20IoT" title=" industrial IoT"> industrial IoT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industry%204.0" title=" industry 4.0"> industry 4.0</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134039/classification-of-manufacturing-data-for-efficient-processing-on-an-edge-cloud-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">301</span> Psychology Behind Aesthetic Rhinoplasty–Introducing the Term Sifon</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Komal%20Saeed">Komal Saeed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Rhinoplasty is considered one of the challenging aesthetic procedures. Psychosocial concerns motivate the urge for aesthetic procedures especially rhinoplasty. Males who fall in this category are designated as single, immature, male, over expectant and narcissistic (SIMON) in literature. As of yet, there is no term that depicts females showing similar characteristics. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in females seeking rhinoplasty and to introduce a term for such individuals. Materials and Methods: A prospective, questionnaire based, qualitative study was conducted in the Department Of Plastic Surgery between March 2018 and March 2020. 110 female candidates seeking aesthetic rhinoplasty were included in the study. BDD was evaluated using the Dysmorphic Concerns Questionnaire, DCQ. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 software and correlation between the groups was evaluated. Results: Out of 110 female subjects, 77.3% (n=85) were single, 16.4% (n=18) were married and 6.4% (n=7) were divorced. BDD was found in 41.8% (n=46) of the candidates, majority being single (n=41, 89.1%) and having educational status above diploma (n=39, 84.8%). There was a statistically higher percentage of young adults between 24 and 28 years (n=33, 71.7%) having BDD (p= 0.0001). Conclusion: Considering the high frequency of BDD among females seeking rhinoplasty, a standardized term ‘SIFON’ is introduced to describe such individuals who are S; single, I; immature, F; female, O; over expectant, N; narcissistic as apposed to SIMON in males. These individuals perceive aesthetic procedures as a solution to their body dissatisfaction. Therefore, preoperative counseling seems necessary to avoid unsatisfactory outcomes secondary to mental health. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aesthetic%20rhinoplasty" title="aesthetic rhinoplasty">aesthetic rhinoplasty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20dismorphic%20disorder" title=" body dismorphic disorder"> body dismorphic disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single" title=" single"> single</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immature" title=" immature"> immature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=obsessive" title=" obsessive"> obsessive</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153900/psychology-behind-aesthetic-rhinoplasty-introducing-the-term-sifon" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153900.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">300</span> Developing a Framework for Online Auction Effectiveness</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chechen%20Liao">Chechen Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pui-Lai%20To"> Pui-Lai To</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chiao-Ying%20Chen"> Chiao-Ying Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An introduction of internet auction has significantly widened the pool of consumers who participate in auctions and increased the number of companies attempting to sell their products in an auction format. Previous research on auctions has focused almost exclusively on the behavior of professional bidders. In this study, we focus on the characteristic of seller, auction parameter and the effect of supply and demand, and examine these impacts on auction effectiveness. In particular, a framework for online auction effectiveness was developed. The framework will help researchers and practitioner to find ways to improve online auction effectiveness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Auction%20Effectiveness" title="Auction Effectiveness">Auction Effectiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Framework%20Developing" title=" Framework Developing"> Framework Developing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Online%20Auction" title=" Online Auction"> Online Auction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selling%20Strategy" title=" Selling Strategy"> Selling Strategy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50851/developing-a-framework-for-online-auction-effectiveness" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50851.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">299</span> In Search for the 'Bilingual Advantage' in Immersion Education </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20E.%20Joret">M. E. Joret</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Germeys"> F. Germeys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Van%20de%20Craen"> P. Van de Craen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Previous studies have shown that ‘full’ bilingualism seems to enhance the executive functions in children, young adults and elderly people. Executive functions refer to a complex cognitive system responsible for self-controlled and planned behavior and seem to predict academic achievement. The present study aimed at investigating whether similar effects could be found in children learning their second language at school in immersion education programs. Methods: In this study, 44 children involved in immersion education for 4 to 5 years were compared to 48 children in traditional schools. All children were between 9 and 11 years old. To assess executive functions, the Simon task was used, a neuropsychological measure assessing executive functions with reaction times and accuracy on congruent and incongruent trials. To control for background measures, all children underwent the Raven’s coloured progressive matrices, to measure non-verbal intelligence and the Echelle de Vocabulaire en Images Peabody (EVIP), assessing verbal intelligence. In addition, a questionnaire was given to the parents to control for other confounding variables, such as socio-economic status (SES), home language, developmental disorders, etc. Results: There were no differences between groups concerning non-verbal intelligence and verbal intelligence. Furthermore, the immersion learners showed overall faster reaction times on both congruent and incongruent trials compared to the traditional learners, but only after 5 years of training, not before. Conclusion: These results show that the cognitive benefits found in ‘full’ bilinguals also appear in children involved in immersion education, but only after a sufficient exposure to the second language. Our results suggest that the amount of second language training needs to be sufficient before these cognitive effects may emerge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilingualism" title="bilingualism">bilingualism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=executive%20functions" title=" executive functions"> executive functions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immersion%20education" title=" immersion education"> immersion education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon%20task" title=" Simon task"> Simon task</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25248/in-search-for-the-bilingual-advantage-in-immersion-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25248.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">441</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">298</span> Factors Drive Consumers to Purchase Digital Music: An Empirical Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chechen%20Liao">Chechen Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Jen%20Huang"> Yi-Jen Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Ting%20Lu"> Yu-Ting Lu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explores and complements digital aspects. In this study, we construct a research model based on the theory of reasoned action and extend it with the advantages and disadvantages of intangibility (convenience, perceived risk), some characteristics of digital products (price, variety, trialability), and factors related to entertainment (perceived playfulness) to predict what consumers really consider when they buy digital music. Eight hypotheses were tested and supported. Finally, we prove that the theory of reasoned action is still valid in the field of digital products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20music" title="digital music">digital music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20product" title=" digital product"> digital product</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=theory%20of%20reasoned%20action" title=" theory of reasoned action "> theory of reasoned action </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29870/factors-drive-consumers-to-purchase-digital-music-an-empirical-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29870.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">441</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">297</span> The Development Status of Terahertz Wave and Its Prospect in Wireless Communication</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yiquan%20Liao">Yiquan Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quanhong%20Jiang"> Quanhong Jiang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since terahertz was observed by German scientists, we have obtained terahertz through different generation technologies of broadband and narrowband. Then, with the development of semiconductor and other technologies, the imaging technology of terahertz has become increasingly perfect. From the earliest application of nondestructive testing in aviation to the present application of information transmission and human safety detection, the role of terahertz will shine in various fields. The weapons produced by terahertz were epoch-making, which is a crushing deterrent against technologically backward countries. At the same time, terahertz technology in the fields of imaging, medical and livelihood, communication and communication are for the well-being of the country and the people. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terahertz" title="terahertz">terahertz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imaging" title=" imaging"> imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title=" communication"> communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20treatment" title=" medical treatment"> medical treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166653/the-development-status-of-terahertz-wave-and-its-prospect-in-wireless-communication" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166653.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">99</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">296</span> An Evaluation Study of Sleep and Sleep-Related Factors in Clinic Clients with Sleep Difficulties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chi-Feng%20Lai">Chi-Feng Lai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Chun%20Liao%20Liao"> Wen-Chun Liao Liao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Many people are bothered by sleep difficulties in Taiwan’s society. However, majority of patients get medical treatments without a comprehensive sleep assessment. It is still a big challenge to formulate a comprehensive assessment of sleep difficulties in clinical settings, even though many assessment tools have existed in literature. This study tries to implement reliable and effective ‘comprehensive sleep assessment scales’ in a medical center and to explore differences in sleep-related factors between clinic clients with or without sleep difficulty complaints. The comprehensive sleep assessment (CSA) scales were composed of 5 dimensions: ‘personal factors’, ‘physiological factors’, ‘psychological factors’, ‘social factors’ and ‘environmental factors, and were first evaluated by expert validity and 20 participants with test-retest reliability. The Content Validity Index (CVI) of the CSA was 0.94 and the alpha of the consistency reliability ranged 0.996-1.000. Clients who visited sleep clinic due to sleep difficulties (n=32, 16 males and 16 females, ages 43.66 ±14.214) and gender-and age- matched healthy subjects without sleep difficulties (n=96, 47 males and 49 females, ages 41.99 ±13.69) were randomly recruited at a ratio of 1:3 (with sleep difficulties vs. without sleep difficulties) to compare their sleep and the CSA factors. Results show that all clinic clients with sleep difficulties did have poor sleep quality (PSQI>5) and mild to moderate daytime sleepiness (ESS >11). Personal factors of long working hours (χ2= 10.315, p=0.001), shift workers (χ2= 8.964, p=0.003), night shift (χ2=9.395, p=0.004) and perceived stress (χ2=9.503, p=0.002) were disruptors of sleep difficulties. Physiological factors from physical examination including breathing by mouth, low soft palate, high narrow palate, Edward Angle, tongue hypertrophy, and occlusion of the worn surface were observed in clinic clients. Psychological factors including higher perceived stress (χ2=32.542, p=0.000), anxiety and depression (χ2=32.868, p=0.000); social factors including lack of leisure activities (χ2=39.857, p=0.000), more drinking habits (χ2=1.798, p=0.018), irregular amount and frequency in meals (χ2=5.086, p=0.024), excessive dinner (χ2=21.511, p=0.000), being incapable of getting up on time due to previous poor night sleep (χ2=4.444, p=0.035); and environmental factors including lights (χ2=7.683, p=0.006), noise (χ2=5.086, p=0.024), low or high bedroom temperature (χ2=4.595, p=0.032) were existed in clients. In conclusion, the CSA scales can work as valid and reliable instruments for evaluating sleep-related factors. Findings of this study provide important reference for assessing clinic clients with sleep difficulties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comprehensive%20sleep%20assessment" title="comprehensive sleep assessment">comprehensive sleep assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep-related%20factors" title=" sleep-related factors"> sleep-related factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sleep%20difficulties" title=" sleep difficulties"> sleep difficulties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85642/an-evaluation-study-of-sleep-and-sleep-related-factors-in-clinic-clients-with-sleep-difficulties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">295</span> Model of MSD Risk Assessment at Workplace</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Sekulov%C3%A1">K. Sekulová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20%C5%A0imon"> M. Šimon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article focuses on upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders risk assessment model at workplace. In this model are used risk factors that are responsible for musculoskeletal system damage. Based on statistic calculations the model is able to define what risk of MSD threatens workers who are under risk factors. The model is also able to say how MSD risk would decrease if these risk factors are eliminated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ergonomics" title="ergonomics">ergonomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=musculoskeletal%20disorders" title=" musculoskeletal disorders"> musculoskeletal disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupational%20diseases" title=" occupational diseases"> occupational diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20factors" title=" risk factors"> risk factors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13024/model-of-msd-risk-assessment-at-workplace" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13024.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">550</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">294</span> Short-Term Effects of an Open Monitoring Meditation on Cognitive Control and Information Processing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Ullrich">Sarah Ullrich</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juliane%20Rolle"> Juliane Rolle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Beste"> Christian Beste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicole%20Wolff"> Nicole Wolff</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Inhibition and cognitive flexibility are essential parts of executive functions in our daily lives, as they enable the avoidance of unwanted responses or selectively switch between mental processes to generate appropriate behavior. There is growing interest in improving inhibition and response selection through brief mindfulness-based meditations. Arguably, open-monitoring meditation (OMM) improves inhibitory and flexibility performance by optimizing cognitive control and information processing. Yet, the underlying neurophysiological processes have been poorly studied. Using the Simon-Go/Nogo paradigm, the present work examined the effect of a single 15-minute smartphone app-based OMM on inhibitory performance and response selection in meditation novices. We used both behavioral and neurophysiological measures (event-related potentials, ERPs) to investigate which subprocesses of response selection and inhibition are altered after OMM. The study was conducted in a randomized crossover design with N = 32 healthy adults. We thereby investigated Go and Nogo trials in the paradigm. The results show that as little as 15 minutes of OMM can improve response selection and inhibition at behavioral and neurophysiological levels. More specifically, OMM reduces the rate of false alarms, especially during Nogo trials regardless of congruency. It appears that OMM optimizes conflict processing and response inhibition compared to no meditation, also reflected in the ERP N2 and P3 time windows. The results may be explained by the meta control model, which argues in terms of a specific processing mode with increased flexibility and inclusive decision-making under OMM. Importantly, however, the effects of OMM were only evident when there was the prior experience with the task. It is likely that OMM provides more cognitive resources, as the amplitudes of these EKPs decreased. OMM novices seem to induce finer adjustments during conflict processing after familiarization with the task. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EEG" title="EEG">EEG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibition" title=" inhibition"> inhibition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meditation" title=" meditation"> meditation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon%20Nogo" title=" Simon Nogo"> Simon Nogo</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136146/short-term-effects-of-an-open-monitoring-meditation-on-cognitive-control-and-information-processing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136146.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">293</span> Generalized Central Paths for Convex Programming</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li-Zhi%20Liao">Li-Zhi Liao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The central path has played the key role in the interior point method. However, the convergence of the central path may not be true even in some convex programming problems with linear constraints. In this paper, the generalized central paths are introduced for convex programming. One advantage of the generalized central paths is that the paths will always converge to some optimal solutions of the convex programming problem for any initial interior point. Some additional theoretical properties for the generalized central paths will be also reported. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20path" title="central path">central path</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convex%20programming" title=" convex programming"> convex programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generalized%20central%20path" title=" generalized central path"> generalized central path</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interior%20point%20method" title=" interior point method"> interior point method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58039/generalized-central-paths-for-convex-programming" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58039.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">327</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">292</span> Identifying Coloring in Graphs with Twins</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Souad%20Slimani">Souad Slimani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sylvain%20Gravier"> Sylvain Gravier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon%20Schmidt"> Simon Schmidt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, several vertex identifying notions were introduced (identifying coloring, lid-coloring,...); these notions were inspired by identifying codes. All of them, as well as original identifying code, is based on separating two vertices according to some conditions on their closed neighborhood. Therefore, twins can not be identified. So most of known results focus on twin-free graph. Here, we show how twins can modify optimal value of vertex-identifying parameters for identifying coloring and locally identifying coloring. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identifying%20coloring" title="identifying coloring">identifying coloring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=locally%20identifying%20coloring" title=" locally identifying coloring"> locally identifying coloring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=twins" title=" twins"> twins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=separating" title=" separating"> separating</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121497/identifying-coloring-in-graphs-with-twins" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">291</span> UEMSD Risk Identification: Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Sekulov%C3%A1">K. Sekulová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20%C5%A0imon"> M. Šimon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The article demonstrates on a case study how it is possible to identify MSD risk. It is based on a dissertation risk identification model of occupational diseases formation in relation to the work activity that determines what risk can endanger workers who are exposed to the specific risk factors. It is evaluated based on statistical calculations. These risk factors are main cause of upper-extremities musculoskeletal disorders. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case%20study" title="case study">case study</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upper-extremity%20musculoskeletal%20disorders" title=" upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders"> upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ergonomics" title=" ergonomics"> ergonomics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20identification" title=" risk identification"> risk identification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14518/uemsd-risk-identification-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14518.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">500</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">290</span> Integrating Blogging into Peer Assessment on College Students’ English Writing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Su-Lien%20Liao">Su-Lien Liao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most of college students in Taiwan do not have sufficient English proficiency to express themselves in written English. Teachers spent a lot of time correcting students’ English writing, but the results are not satisfactory. This study aims to use blogs as a teaching and learning tool in written English. Before applying peer assessment, students should be trained to be good reviewers. The teacher starts the course by posting the error analysis of students’ first English composition on blogs as the comment models for students. Then the students will go through the process of drafting, composing, peer response and last revision on blogs. Evaluation Questionnaires and interviews will be conducted at the end of the course to see the impact and students’ perception for the course. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blog" title="blog">blog</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peer%20assessment" title=" peer assessment"> peer assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=English%20writing" title=" English writing"> English writing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=error%20analysis" title=" error analysis"> error analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2326/integrating-blogging-into-peer-assessment-on-college-students-english-writing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2326.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">289</span> The Challenges of Unemployment Situation and Trends in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon%20Oga%20Egboja">Simon Oga Egboja</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Africa, particularly in Nigeria, unemployment is a serious issue of concern to every citizen. Hence, this paper focuses on the employment situation and trends in Nigeria. It also investigated the causes why unemployment persists in the country. Prominent among them is the population explosion and rapid expansion of education opportunities all over the country without a corresponding increase in industrial establishment. The paper also discusses the way of reducing the rate of unemployment by encouraging graduates of tertiary institutions in Nigeria to read professional courses and also to indulge in the habit of establishing small-scale enterprises so that after them school they can be self-employed rather than relying solely on government for employment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=causes" title="causes">causes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=population" title=" population"> population</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remedy" title=" remedy"> remedy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unemployment" title=" unemployment"> unemployment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66040/the-challenges-of-unemployment-situation-and-trends-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66040.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">271</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">288</span> The Impact of Training Method on Programming Learning Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chechen%20Liao">Chechen Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chin%20Yi%20Yang"> Chin Yi Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although several factors that affect learning to program have been identified over the years, there continues to be no indication of any consensus in understanding why some students learn to program easily and quickly while others have difficulty. Seldom have researchers considered the problem of how to help the students enhance the programming learning outcome. The research had been conducted at a high school in Taiwan. Students participating in the study consist of 330 tenth grade students enrolled in the Basic Computer Concepts course with the same instructor. Two types of training methods-instruction-oriented and exploration-oriented were conducted. The result of this research shows that the instruction-oriented training method has better learning performance than exploration-oriented training method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20performance" title="learning performance">learning performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=programming%20learning" title=" programming learning"> programming learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TDD" title=" TDD"> TDD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=training%20method" title=" training method"> training method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10123/the-impact-of-training-method-on-programming-learning-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10123.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">428</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">287</span> Flip-Chip Bonding for Monolithic of Matrix-Addressable GaN-Based Micro-Light-Emitting Diodes Array</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chien-Ju%20Chen">Chien-Ju Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Jui%20Yu"> Chia-Jui Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyun-Hao%20Liao"> Jyun-Hao Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Ching%20Wu"> Chia-Ching Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meng-Chyi%20Wu"> Meng-Chyi Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A 64 × 64 GaN-based micro-light-emitting diode array (μLEDA) with 20 μm in pixel size and 40 μm in pitch by flip-chip bonding (FCB) is demonstrated in this study. Besides, an underfilling (UF) technology is applied to the process for improving the uniformity of device. With those configurations, good characteristics are presented, operation voltage and series resistance of a pixel in the 450 nm flip chip μLEDA are 2.89 V and 1077Ω (4.3 mΩ-cm²) at 25 A/cm², respectively. The μLEDA can sustain higher current density compared to conventional LED, and the power of the device is 9.5 μW at 100 μA and 0.42 mW at 20 mA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GaN" title="GaN">GaN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-light-emitting%20diode%20array%28%CE%BCLEDA%29" title=" micro-light-emitting diode array(μLEDA)"> micro-light-emitting diode array(μLEDA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flip-chip%20bonding" title=" flip-chip bonding"> flip-chip bonding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underfilling" title=" underfilling"> underfilling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73765/flip-chip-bonding-for-monolithic-of-matrix-addressable-gan-based-micro-light-emitting-diodes-array" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73765.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">423</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">286</span> Stability of a Self-Excited Machine Due to the Mechanical Coupling </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Soltan%20Rezaee">M. Soltan Rezaee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Ghazavi"> M. R. Ghazavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Najafi"> A. Najafi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.-H.%20Liao"> W.-H. Liao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Generally, different rods in shaft systems can be misaligned based on the mechanical system usages. These rods can be linked together via U-coupling easily. The system is self-stimulated and may cause instabilities due to the inherent behavior of the coupling. In this study, each rod includes an elastic shaft with an angular stiffness and structural damping. Moreover, the mass of shafts is considered via attached solid disks. The impact of the system architecture and shaft mass on the instability of such mechanism are studied. Stability charts are plotted via a method based on Floquet theory. Eventually, the unstable points have been found and analyzed in detail. The results show that stabilizing the driveline is feasible by changing the system characteristics which include shaft mass and architecture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coupling" title="coupling">coupling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20systems" title=" mechanical systems"> mechanical systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oscillations" title=" oscillations"> oscillations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotating%20shafts" title=" rotating shafts"> rotating shafts</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98061/stability-of-a-self-excited-machine-due-to-the-mechanical-coupling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98061.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">285</span> The Research of the Game Interface Improvement Due to the Game Operation Dilemma of Player in the Side-Scrolling Shooting Game</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shih-Chieh%20Liao">Shih-Chieh Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng-Yan%20Shuai"> Cheng-Yan Shuai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The feature of a side-scrolling shooting game is facing the surrounding enemy and barraging in entire screen. The player will be in trouble when they are trying to do complicated operations because of the physical and system limitations of the joystick in the games. This study designed the prototype of a new type of arcade stick by focus group and assessed by the expert. By filtering the most representative, and build up the control system for the arcade stick, and testing time and bullets consumed in two experiments, try to prove it works in the game. Finally, the prototype of L-1 solves the dilemma of scroll shooting games when the player uses the arcade stick and improves the function of the arcade stick. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arcade%20stick" title="arcade stick">arcade stick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joystick" title=" joystick"> joystick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=user%20interface" title=" user interface"> user interface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2D%20STG" title=" 2D STG"> 2D STG</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156576/the-research-of-the-game-interface-improvement-due-to-the-game-operation-dilemma-of-player-in-the-side-scrolling-shooting-game" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156576.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">284</span> Spectral Analysis Applied to Variables of Oil Wells Profiling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suzana%20Leit%C3%A3o%20Russo">Suzana Leitão Russo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mayara%20Laysa%20de%20Oliveira%20Silva"> Mayara Laysa de Oliveira Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Augusto%20Andrade%20Filho"> José Augusto Andrade Filho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vitor%20Hugo%20Simon"> Vitor Hugo Simon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, seismic methods and prospecting methods are commonly applied in the oil industry and, according to the information reported every day; oil is a source of non-renewable energy. It is easier to understand why the ownership of areas of oil extraction is coveted by many nations. It is necessary to think about ways that will enable the maximization of oil production. The technique of spectral analysis can be used to analyze the behavior of the variables already defined in oil well the profile. The main objective is to verify the series dependence of variables, and to model the variables using the frequency domain to observe the model residuals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil" title="oil">oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=well" title=" well"> well</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20analysis" title=" spectral analysis"> spectral analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20extraction" title=" oil extraction"> oil extraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19979/spectral-analysis-applied-to-variables-of-oil-wells-profiling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19979.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">534</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">283</span> Developing a Model for Information Giving Behavior in Virtual Communities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pui-Lai%20To">Pui-Lai To</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chechen%20Liao"> Chechen Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tzu-Ling%20Lin"> Tzu-Ling Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Virtual communities have created a range of new social spaces in which to meet and interact with one another. Both as a stand-alone model or as a supplement to sustain competitive advantage for normal business models, building virtual communities has been hailed as one of the major strategic innovations of the new economy. However for a virtual community to evolve, the biggest challenge is how to make members actively give information or provide advice. Even in busy virtual communities, usually, only a small fraction of members post information actively. In order to investigate the determinants of information giving willingness of those contributors who usually actively provide their opinions, we proposed a model to understand the reasons for contribution in communities. The study will definitely serve as a basis for the future growth of information giving in virtual communities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20giving" title="information giving">information giving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20identity" title=" social identity"> social identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trust" title=" trust"> trust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20community" title=" virtual community"> virtual community</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50884/developing-a-model-for-information-giving-behavior-in-virtual-communities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50884.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">282</span> How Acupuncture Improve Migraine: A Literature Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsiang-Chun%20Lai">Hsiang-Chun Lai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsien-Yin%20Liao"> Hsien-Yin Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Wen%20Lin"> Yi-Wen Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Migraine is a primary headache disorder which presented as recurrent and moderate to severe headaches and affects nearly fifteen percent of people’s daily life. In East Asia, acupuncture is a common treatment for migraine prevention. Acupuncture can modulate migraine through both peripheral and central mechanism and decrease the allodynia process. Molecular pathway suggests that acupuncture relief migraine by regulating neurotransmitters/neuromodulators. This process was also proven by neural imaging. Acupuncture decrease the headache frequency and intensity compared to routine care. We also review the most common chosen acupoints to treat migraine and its treatment protocol. As a result, we suggested that acupuncture can serve as an option to migraine treatment and prevention. However, more studies are needed to establish the mechanism and therapeutic roles of acupuncture in treating migraine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acupuncture" title="acupuncture">acupuncture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=allodynia" title=" allodynia"> allodynia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=headache" title=" headache"> headache</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migraine" title=" migraine"> migraine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85872/how-acupuncture-improve-migraine-a-literature-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85872.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">281</span> Advertising Incentives of National Brands against Private Labels: The Case of OTC Heartburn Drugs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lu%20Liao">Lu Liao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The worldwide expansion of private labels over the past two decades not only transformed the choice sets of consumers but also forced manufacturers of national brands to design new marketing strategies to maintain their market positions. This paper empirically analyzes the impact of private labels on advertising incentives of national brands. The paper first develops a consumer demand model that incorporates spillover effects of advertising and finds positive spillovers of national brands’ advertising on demand for private label products. With the demand estimates, the researcher simulates the equilibrium prices and advertising levels for leading national brands in a counterfactual where private labels are eliminated to quantify the changes in national brands’ advertising incentives in response to the rise of private labels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advertising" title="advertising">advertising</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demand%20estimation" title=" demand estimation"> demand estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spillover%20effect" title=" spillover effect"> spillover effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20model" title=" structural model"> structural model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190554/advertising-incentives-of-national-brands-against-private-labels-the-case-of-otc-heartburn-drugs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190554.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">23</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">280</span> Probabilistic-Based Design of Bridges under Multiple Hazards: Floods and Earthquakes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuo-Wei%20Liao">Kuo-Wei Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jessica%20Gitomarsono"> Jessica Gitomarsono</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bridge reliability against natural hazards such as floods or earthquakes is an interdisciplinary problem that involves a wide range of knowledge. Moreover, due to the global climate change, engineers have to design a structure against the multi-hazard threats. Currently, few of the practical design guideline has included such concept. The bridge foundation in Taiwan often does not have a uniform width. However, few of the researches have focused on safety evaluation of a bridge with a complex pier. Investigation of the scouring depth under such situation is very important. Thus, this study first focuses on investigating and improving the scour prediction formula for a bridge with complicated foundation via experiments and artificial intelligence. Secondly, a probabilistic design procedure is proposed using the established prediction formula for practical engineers under the multi-hazard attacks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bridge" title="bridge">bridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-hazards" title=" multi-hazards"> multi-hazards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scour" title=" scour"> scour</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72799/probabilistic-based-design-of-bridges-under-multiple-hazards-floods-and-earthquakes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72799.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">279</span> Geometric Calibration of Computed Tomography Equipment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chia-Hung%20Liao">Chia-Hung Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shih-Chieh%20Lin"> Shih-Chieh Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> X-ray computed tomography (CT) technology has been used in the electronics industry as one of the non-destructive inspection tools for years. The key advantage of X-ray computed tomography technology superior to traditional optical inspection is the penetrating characteristics of X-rays can be used to detect defects in the interior of objects. The objective of this study is to find a way to estimate the system geometric deviation of X-ray CT equipment. Projection trajectories of the characteristic points of standard parts were tracked, and ways to calculate the deviation of various geometric parameters of the system will be proposed and evaluated. A simulation study will be conducted to first find out the effects of system geometric deviation on projected trajectories. Then ways to estimate geometric deviation with collected trajectories will be proposed and tested through simulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometric%20calibration" title="geometric calibration">geometric calibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-ray%20computed%20tomography" title=" X-ray computed tomography"> X-ray computed tomography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trajectory%20tracing" title=" trajectory tracing"> trajectory tracing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconstruction%20optimization" title=" reconstruction optimization"> reconstruction optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163099/geometric-calibration-of-computed-tomography-equipment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163099.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">278</span> A Deep Learning Approach for the Predictive Quality of Directional Valves in the Hydraulic Final Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Neunzig">Christian Neunzig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon%20Fahle"> Simon Fahle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J%C3%BCrgen%20Schulz"> Jürgen Schulz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthias%20M%C3%B6ller"> Matthias Möller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bernd%20Kuhlenk%C3%B6tter"> Bernd Kuhlenkötter</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increasing use of deep learning applications in production is becoming a competitive advantage. Predictive quality enables the assurance of product quality by using data-driven forecasts via machine learning models as a basis for decisions on test results. The use of real Bosch production data along the value chain of hydraulic valves is a promising approach to classifying the leakage of directional valves. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20networks" title="artificial neural networks">artificial neural networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title=" classification"> classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulics" title=" hydraulics"> hydraulics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predictive%20quality" title=" predictive quality"> predictive quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143538/a-deep-learning-approach-for-the-predictive-quality-of-directional-valves-in-the-hydraulic-final-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143538.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">243</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon%20Liao&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon%20Liao&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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