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carboxymethyle cellulose</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: carboxymethyle cellulose"> <meta name="keywords" content="carboxymethyle cellulose"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="carboxymethyle cellulose"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 404</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: carboxymethyle cellulose</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">404</span> Utilization and Characterizations of Olive Oil Industry By-Products</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sawsan%20Dacrory">Sawsan Dacrory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussein%20Abou-Yousef"> Hussein Abou-Yousef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samir%20Kamel"> Samir Kamel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ragab%20E.%20Abou-Zeid"> Ragab E. Abou-Zeid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20S.%20Abdel-Aziz"> Mohamed S. Abdel-Aziz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Elbadry"> Mohamed Elbadry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A considerable amount of lignocellulosic by-product could be obtained from olive pulp during olive oil extraction industry. The major constituents of the olive pulp are husks and seeds. The separation of each portion of olive pulp (seeds and husks) was carried out by water flotation where seeds were sediment in the bottom. Both seeds and husks were dignified by 15% NaOH followed by complete lignin removal by using sodium chlorite in acidic medium. The isolated holocellulose, α-cellulose, hydrogel and CMC which prepared from cellulose of both seeds and husk fractions were characterized by FTIR and SEM. The present study focused on the investigation of the chemical components of the lignocellulosic fraction of olive pulp. Biofunctionlization of hydrogel was achieved through loading of silver nanoparticles AgNPs in to the prepared hydrogel. The antimicrobial activity of the loaded silver hydrogel against G-ve, and G+ve, and candida was demonstrated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose" title="cellulose">cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carboxymethyle%20cellulose" title=" carboxymethyle cellulose"> carboxymethyle cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=olive%20pulp" title=" olive pulp"> olive pulp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogel" title=" hydrogel"> hydrogel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40837/utilization-and-characterizations-of-olive-oil-industry-by-products" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40837.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">474</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">403</span> Regenerated Cellulose Prepared by Using NaOH/Urea</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lee%20Chiau%20Yeng">Lee Chiau Yeng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhayani%20Othman"> Norhayani Othman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Regenerated cellulose fiber is fabricated in the NaOH/urea aqueous solution. In this work, cellulose is dissolved in 7 .wt% NaOH/12 .wt% urea in the temperature of -12 °C to prepare regenerated cellulose. Thermal and structure properties of cellulose and regenerated cellulose was compared and investigated by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FeSEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Results of FeSEM revealed that the regenerated cellulose fibers showed a more circular shape with irregular size due to fiber agglomeration. FTIR showed the difference in between the structure of cellulose and the regenerated cellulose fibers. In this case, regenerated cellulose fibers have a cellulose II crystalline structure with lower degree of crystallinity. Regenerated cellulose exhibited better thermal stability than the cellulose. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regenerated%20cellulose" title="regenerated cellulose">regenerated cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose" title=" cellulose"> cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NaOH" title=" NaOH"> NaOH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urea" title=" urea"> urea</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19617/regenerated-cellulose-prepared-by-using-naohurea" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19617.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">402</span> Cellulose Extraction from Pomelo Peel: Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Cellulose </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jitlada%20Chumee">Jitlada Chumee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Drenpen%20Seeburin"> Drenpen Seeburin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The cellulose was extracted from pomelo peel and an etherification reaction used for converting cellulose to carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The pomelo peel was refluxed with 0.5 M HCl and 1 M NaOH solution at 90°C for 1 h and 2 h, respectively. The cellulose was bleached with calcium hypochlorite and used as precursor. The precursor was soaked in mixed solution between isopropyl alcohol and 40%w/v NaOH for 12 h. After that, chloroacetic acid was added and reacted at 55°C for 6 h. The optimum condition was 5 g of cellulose: 0.25 mole of NaOH : 0.07 mole of ClCH2COOH with 78.00% of yield. Moreover, the product had 0.54 of degree of substitution (DS). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pomelo%20peel" title="pomelo peel">pomelo peel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carboxymethyl%20cellulose" title=" carboxymethyl cellulose"> carboxymethyl cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioplastic" title=" bioplastic"> bioplastic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title=" extraction"> extraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9705/cellulose-extraction-from-pomelo-peel-synthesis-of-carboxymethyl-cellulose" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9705.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">401</span> Rheological Properties of Cellulose/TBAF/DMSO Solutions and Their Application to Fabrication of Cellulose Hydrogel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deokyeong%20Choe">Deokyeong Choe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae%20Eun%20Nam"> Jae Eun Nam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Hoon%20Roh"> Young Hoon Roh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chul%20Soo%20Shin"> Chul Soo Shin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The development of hydrogels with a high mechanical strength is important for numerous applications of hydrogels. As a material for tough hydrogels, cellulose has attracted much interest. However, cellulose cannot be melted and is very difficult to be dissolved in most solvents. Therefore, its dissolution in tetrabutylammonium fluoride/dimethyl sulfoxide (TBAF/DMSO) solvents has attracted researchers for chemical processing of cellulose. For this reason, studies about rheological properties of cellulose/TBAF/DMSO solution will provide useful information. In this study, viscosities of cellulose solutions prepared using different amounts of cellulose and TBAF in DMSO were measured. As expected, the viscosity of cellulose solution decreased with respect to the increasing volume of DMSO. The most viscose cellulose solution was achieved at a 1:1 mass ratio of cellulose to TBAF regardless of their contents in DMSO. At a 1:1 mass ratio of cellulose to TBAF, the formation of cellulose nanoparticles (467 nm) resulted in a dramatic increase in the viscosity, which led to the fabrication of 3D cellulose hydrogels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose" title="cellulose">cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TBAF%2FDMSO" title=" TBAF/DMSO"> TBAF/DMSO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscosity" title=" viscosity"> viscosity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogel" title=" hydrogel"> hydrogel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55446/rheological-properties-of-cellulosetbafdmso-solutions-and-their-application-to-fabrication-of-cellulose-hydrogel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">400</span> Physicochemical Characterization of Mercerized Cellulose-Supported Nickel-Oxide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sherif%20M.%20A.%20S.%20Keshk">Sherif M. A. S. Keshk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hisham%20S.%20M.%20Abd-Rabboh"> Hisham S. M. Abd-Rabboh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20S.%20Hamdy"> Mohamed S. Hamdy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibrahim%20H.%20A.%20Badr"> Ibrahim H. A. Badr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microwave radiation was applied to synthesize nanoparticles of nickel oxide supported on pretreated cellulose with metal acetate in the presence of NaOH. Optimization, in terms of irradiation time and metal concentration, was investigated. FT-IR spectrum of cellulose/NiO spectrum shows a band at 445 cm^-1 that is related to the Ni–O stretching vibration of NiO6 octahedral in the cubic NiO structure. cellulose/NiO showed similar XRD pattern of cellulose I and exhibited sharpened reflection peak at 2q = 29.8°, corresponding to (111) plane of NiO, with two weak broad peaks at 48.5°, and 49.2°, representing (222) planes of NiO. XPS spectrum of mercerized cellulose/NiO composite showed did not show any peaks corresponding to Na ion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose" title="cellulose">cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercerized%20cellulose" title=" mercerized cellulose"> mercerized cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose%2Fzinc%20and%20nickeloxides%20composite" title=" cellulose/zinc and nickeloxides composite"> cellulose/zinc and nickeloxides composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FTIR" title=" FTIR"> FTIR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XPS" title=" XPS"> XPS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raman%20spectrum" title=" Raman spectrum"> Raman spectrum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38240/physicochemical-characterization-of-mercerized-cellulose-supported-nickel-oxide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38240.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">442</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">399</span> Advanced Bio-Composite Materials Based on Biopolymer Blends and Cellulose Nanocrystals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zineb%20Kassab">Zineb Kassab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nassima%20El%20Miri"> Nassima El Miri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Aboulkas"> A. Aboulkas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdellatif%20Barakat"> Abdellatif Barakat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mounir%20El%20Achaby"> Mounir El Achaby</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, more attention has been given to biopolymers with a focus on sustainable development and environmental preservation. Following this tendency, the attempt has been made to replace polymers derived from petroleum with superior biodegradable polymers (biopolymers). In this context, biopolymers are considered potential replacements for conventional plastic materials. However, some of their properties must be improved for better competitiveness, especially regarding their mechanical, thermal and barrier properties. Bio-nanocomposite technology using nanofillers has already been proven as an effective way to produce new materials with specific properties and high performances. With the emergence of nanostructured bio-composite materials, incorporating elongated rod-like cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) has attracted more and more attention in the field of nanotechnology. This study is aimed to develop bio-composite films of biopolymer matrices [Carboxymethyle cellulose (CMC), Starch (ST), Chitosan (CS) and Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)] reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) using the solution casting method. The CNC were extracted at a nanometric scale from lignocellulosic fibers via sulfuric acid hydrolysis and then characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), confocal microscopy, infrared spectroscopy (IR), atomic force and transmission electron microscopies (AFM and TEM) techniques. The as extracted CNC were used as a reinforcing phase to produce a variety of bio-composite films at different CNC loading (0.5-10 wt %) with specific properties. The rheological properties of film-forming solutions (FFS) of bio-composites were studied, and their relation to the casting process was evaluated. Then, the structural, optical transparency, water vapor permeability, thermal stability and mechanical properties of all prepared bio-composite films were evaluated and studied in this report. The high performances of these bio-composite films are expected to have potential in biomaterials or packaging applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biopolymer%20composites" title="biopolymer composites">biopolymer composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose%20nanocrystals" title=" cellulose nanocrystals"> cellulose nanocrystals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20packaging" title=" food packaging"> food packaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lignocellulosic%20fibers" title=" lignocellulosic fibers"> lignocellulosic fibers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72734/advanced-bio-composite-materials-based-on-biopolymer-blends-and-cellulose-nanocrystals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72734.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">398</span> Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Fiber via Simultaneous Ultrasonic and Alkali Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ridzuan%20Ramli">Ridzuan Ramli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhafzan%20Junadi"> Norhafzan Junadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20D.H.%20Beg"> Mohammad D.H. Beg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosli%20M.%20Yunus"> Rosli M. Yunus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was extracted from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) cellulose which was earlier isolated from oil palm EFB fibre. In order to isolate the cellulose, the chlorination method was carried out. Then, the MCC was prepared by simultaneous ultrasonic and alkali treatment from the isolated α-cellulose. Based on mass balance calculation, the yields for MCC obtained from EFB was 44%. For fiber characterization, it is observed that the chemical composition of the hemicellulose and lignin for all samples decreased while composition for cellulose increased. The structural property of the MCC was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) method and the result shows that the MCC produced is a cellulose-I polymorph, with 73% crystallinity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20palm%20empty%20fruit%20bunch" title="oil palm empty fruit bunch">oil palm empty fruit bunch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microcrystalline%20cellulose" title=" microcrystalline cellulose"> microcrystalline cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic" title=" ultrasonic"> ultrasonic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkali%20treatment" title=" alkali treatment"> alkali treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=x-ray%20diffraction" title=" x-ray diffraction"> x-ray diffraction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17460/microcrystalline-cellulose-mcc-from-oil-palm-empty-fruit-bunch-efb-fiber-via-simultaneous-ultrasonic-and-alkali-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17460.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">397</span> Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Rice Stubble Cellulose</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rungsinee%20Sothornvit">Rungsinee Sothornvit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pattrathip%20Rodsamran"> Pattrathip Rodsamran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rice stubble consists of a high content of cellulose and can be synthesized as a cellulose derivative such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to value added products from agricultural waste. Therefore, the synthesis conditions and characterization the properties of CMC from rice stubble (CMCr) were investigated. Hemicellulose and lignin were first removed from the rice stubble using 10% NaOH at 55 C for 3 h and 5% NaOCl at 75 C for 15 min, respectively. Rice stubble cellulose was swollen in 30% NaOH and isopropanol as a solvent. The content of chloroacetic acid (5–7 g in 5 g of alkali cellulose), reaction temperature (50 and 70 C) and time (180, 270 and 360 min) were explored to obtain CMC. It was found that synthesis conditions did not affect significantly on moisture content and pH of CMCr. The best quality of CMCr was synthesized by using 7 g of chloroacetic acid and reacted at 50 C for 180 min based on 5 g of rice stubble cellulose. Degree of substitution (DS), viscosity and purity of CMCr were 0.64, 36.03 cP and 90.18 %, respectively. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared (FT–IR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of carboxymethyl substituents. CMCr was categorized in commercial scale as a low viscosity material and it can be used as film forming packaging materials for food and pharmaceutical product applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20stubble" title="rice stubble">rice stubble</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose" title=" cellulose"> cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carboxymethyl%20cellulose" title=" carboxymethyl cellulose"> carboxymethyl cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degree%20of%20substitution" title=" degree of substitution"> degree of substitution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=purity" title=" purity"> purity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83519/synthesis-and-characterization-of-carboxymethyl-cellulose-from-rice-stubble-cellulose" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83519.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">396</span> Bioethanol Synthesis Using Cellulose Recovered from Biowaste</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghazi%20Faisal%20Najmuldeen">Ghazi Faisal Najmuldeen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noridah%20Abdullah"> Noridah Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mimi%20Sakinah"> Mimi Sakinah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bioethanol is an alcohol made by fermentation, mostly from carbohydrates, Cellulosic biomass, derived from non-food sources, such as castor shell waste, is also being developed as a feedstock for ethanol production Cellulose extracted from biomass sources is considered the future feedstock for many products due to the availability and eco-friendly nature of cellulose. In this study, castor shell (CS) biowaste resulted from the extraction of Castor oil from castor seeds was evaluated as a potential source of cellulose. The cellulose was extracted after pretreatment process was done on the CS. The pretreatment process began with the removal of other extractives from CS, then an alkaline treatment, bleaching process with hydrogen peroxide, and followed by a mixture of acetic and nitric acids. CS cellulose was analysed by infrared absorption spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The result showed that the overall process was adequate to produce cellulose with high purity and crystallinity from CS waste. The cellulose was then hydrolyzed to produce glucose and then fermented to bioethanol. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioethanol" title="bioethanol">bioethanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=castor%20shell" title=" castor shell"> castor shell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose" title=" cellulose"> cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biowaste" title=" biowaste"> biowaste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45623/bioethanol-synthesis-using-cellulose-recovered-from-biowaste" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45623.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">395</span> Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Ag/ZnO Sub-Microparticles Deposited on Various Cellulose Surfaces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lukas%20Munster">Lukas Munster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavel%20Bazant"> Pavel Bazant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivo%20Kuritka"> Ivo Kuritka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Zinc oxide sub-micro particles and metallic silver nano particles (Ag/ZnO) were deposited on micro crystalline cellulose surface by a fast, simple and environmentally friendly one-pot microwave assisted solvo thermal synthesis in an open vessel system equipped with an external reflux cooler. In order to increase the interaction between the surface of cellulose and the precipitated Ag/ZnO particles, oxidized form of cellulose (cellulose dialdehyde, DAC) prepared by periodate oxidation of micro crystalline cellulose was added to the reaction mixture of Ag/ZnO particle precursors and untreated micro crystalline cellulose. The structure and morphology of prepared hybrid powder materials were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive analysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen absorption method (BET). Microscopic analysis of the prepared materials treated by ultra-sonication showed that Ag/ZnO particles deposited on the cellulose/DAC sample exhibit increased adhesion to the surface of the cellulose substrate which can be explained by the DAC adhesive effect in comparison with the material prepared without DAC addition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microcrystalline%20cellulose" title="microcrystalline cellulose">microcrystalline cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microwave%20synthesis" title=" microwave synthesis"> microwave synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20nanoparticles" title=" silver nanoparticles"> silver nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20oxide%20sub-microparticles" title=" zinc oxide sub-microparticles"> zinc oxide sub-microparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose%20dialdehyde" title=" cellulose dialdehyde"> cellulose dialdehyde</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10728/microwave-assisted-synthesis-of-agzno-sub-microparticles-deposited-on-various-cellulose-surfaces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10728.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">478</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">394</span> Application of Acinetobacter sp. KKU44 for Cellulase Production from Agricultural Waste</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surasak%20Siripornadulsil">Surasak Siripornadulsil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nutt%20Poomai"> Nutt Poomai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wilailak%20Siripornadulsil"> Wilailak Siripornadulsil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to a high ethanol demand, the approach for effective ethanol production is important and has been developed rapidly worldwide. Several agricultural wastes are highly abundant in celluloses and the effective cellulose enzymes do exist widely among microorganisms. Accordingly, the cellulose degradation using microbial cellulose to produce a low-cost substrate for ethanol production has attracted more attention. In this study, the cellulose producing bacterial strain has been isolated from rich straw and identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis as Acinetobacter sp. KKU44. This strain is able to grow and exhibit the cellulose activity. The optimal temperature for its growth and cellulose production is 37 °C. The optimal temperature of bacterial cellulose activity is 60 °C. The cellulose enzyme from Acinetobacter sp. KKU44 is heat-tolerant enzyme. The bacterial culture of 36 h. showed highest cellulose activity at 120 U/mL when grown in LB medium containing 2% (w/v). The capability of Acinetobacter sp. KKU44 to grow in cellulosic agricultural wastes as a sole carbon source and exhibiting the high cellulose activity at high temperature suggested that this strain could be potentially developed further as a cellulose degrading strain for a production of low-cost substrate used in ethanol production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose%20enzyme" title="cellulose enzyme">cellulose enzyme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bagasse" title=" bagasse"> bagasse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20straw" title=" rice straw"> rice straw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20husk" title=" rice husk"> rice husk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acinetobacter%20sp.%20KKU44" title=" acinetobacter sp. KKU44"> acinetobacter sp. KKU44</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5731/application-of-acinetobacter-sp-kku44-for-cellulase-production-from-agricultural-waste" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5731.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">393</span> Production and Characterization of Nanofibrillated Cellulose from Kenaf Core (Hibiscus cannabinus) via Ultrasonic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Rosazley">R. Rosazley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Izzati"> M. A. Izzati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20W.%20Fareezal"> A. W. Fareezal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Z.%20Shazana"> M. Z. Shazana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Rushdan"> I. Rushdan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Ainun%20Zuriyati"> M. A. Ainun Zuriyati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study focuses on production and characterizations of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) from kenaf core. NFC was produced by employing ultrasonic treatments in aqueous solution. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) were used to study the size and morphology structure. The chemical and characteristics of the cellulose and NFC were studied using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and viscometer. Degrees of polymerization (DP) of cellulose and NFC were obtained via viscosity value. Results showed that 5 to 47 nm diameters of fibrils were measured. Moreover, the thermal stability of the NFC was increased as compared to the cellulose that confirmed by TGA analysis. It was also found that NFC had higher crystallinity and lower viscosity than the cellulose which were measured by XRD and viscometer, respectively. The NFC characteristics have enormous prospect related to bio-nanocomposite. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystallinity" title="crystallinity">crystallinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kenaf%20core" title=" kenaf core"> kenaf core</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofibrillated%20cellulose" title=" nanofibrillated cellulose"> nanofibrillated cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic" title=" ultrasonic"> ultrasonic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42007/production-and-characterization-of-nanofibrillated-cellulose-from-kenaf-core-hibiscus-cannabinus-via-ultrasonic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42007.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">392</span> Prevention of Cellulose and Hemicellulose Degradation on Fungal Pretreatment of Water Hyacinth Using Phanerochaete Chrysosporium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eka%20Sari">Eka Sari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Potential degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose during the fungal pretreatment of lignocellulose has led to fermentable sugar yield will be low. This potential is even greater if the pretreatment of lignocellulosic that have low lignin such as water hyacinth. In order to prepare lignocellulose that have low lignin content, especially water hyacinth efforts are needed to prevent the degradation of cellulose and cellulose. One attempt to prevent the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose is to replace the substrate needed by the addition of a simple carbon compounds such as glucose. Glucose sources used in this study is molasses. The purpose of this research to get the right of concentration of molasses to reduce the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose during the pretreatment process and obtain fermentable sugar yields on high. The results showed that the addition of molasses with a concentration of 2% is able to reduce the degradation of cellulose from 25.53% to 10% and hemicellulose degradation of 20.12% to 10.89%. Fermentable sugar yields produced only reached 43.91%. To improve the yield of glucose is then performed additional combonation of molasses of 2% molasses and co-factor Mn2+ 0.5%. Fermentable sugar yield increased to 67.66% and the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose decreased to 2.44% and 2.71%, respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20hyacinth" title="water hyacinth">water hyacinth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose" title=" cellulose"> cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemicelulose" title=" hemicelulose"> hemicelulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degradation" title=" degradation"> degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pretreatment" title=" pretreatment"> pretreatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungus" title=" fungus"> fungus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28774/prevention-of-cellulose-and-hemicellulose-degradation-on-fungal-pretreatment-of-water-hyacinth-using-phanerochaete-chrysosporium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28774.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">557</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">391</span> Development of Kenaf Cellulose CNT Paper for Electrical Conductive Paper</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20W.%20Fareezal">A. W. Fareezal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Rosazley"> R. Rosazley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Izzati"> M. A. Izzati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Z.%20Shazana"> M. Z. Shazana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Rushdan"> I. Rushdan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kenaf cellulose CNT paper production was for lightweight, high strength and excellent flexibility electrical purposes. Aqueous dispersions of kenaf cellulose and varied weight percentage of CNT were combined with the assistance of PEI solution by using ultrasonic probe. The solution was dried using vacuum filter continued with air drying in condition room for 2 days. Circle shape conductive paper was characterized with Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and therma gravimetric analysis (TGA). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose" title="cellulose">cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CNT%20paper" title=" CNT paper"> CNT paper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PEI%20solution" title=" PEI solution"> PEI solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20conductive%20paper" title=" electrical conductive paper"> electrical conductive paper</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17243/development-of-kenaf-cellulose-cnt-paper-for-electrical-conductive-paper" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17243.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">390</span> Effect of Carbon Nanotubes on Nanocomposite from Nanofibrillated Cellulose</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Z.%20Shazana">M. Z. Shazana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Rosazley"> R. Rosazley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Izzati"> M. A. Izzati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20W.%20Fareezal"> A. W. Fareezal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Rushdan"> I. Rushdan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20B.%20Suriani"> A. B. Suriani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Zakaria"> S. Zakaria</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There is an increasing interest in the development of flexible energy storage for application of Carbon Nanotubes and nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). In this study, nanocomposite is consisting of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) mixed with suspension of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB). The use of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) as additive nanocomposite was improved the conductivity and mechanical properties of nanocomposite from nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). The nanocomposite were characterized for electrical conductivity and mechanical properties in uniaxial tension, which were tensile to measure the bond of fibers in nanocomposite. The processing route is environmental friendly which leads to well-mixed structures and good results as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanotube%20%28CNT%29" title="carbon nanotube (CNT)">carbon nanotube (CNT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofibrillated%20cellulose%20%28NFC%29" title=" nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)"> nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20conductivity" title=" electrical conductivity"> electrical conductivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16843/effect-of-carbon-nanotubes-on-nanocomposite-from-nanofibrillated-cellulose" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16843.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">389</span> Effect of Ethyl Cellulose and Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose Polymer on the Release Profile of Diltiazem Hydrochloride Sustained Release Pellets </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahana%20Sharmin">Shahana Sharmin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, the effect of cellulose polymers Ethyl Cellulose and Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose was evaluated on the release profile of drug from sustained release pellet. Diltiazem Hydrochloride, an antihypertensive, cardio-protective agent and slow channel blocker were used as a model drug to evaluate its release characteristics from different pellets formulations. Diltiazem Hydrochloride sustained release pellets were prepared by drug loading (drug binder suspension) on neutral pellets followed by different percentages of spraying, i.e. 2%,4%, 6%, 8% and 10% coating suspension using ethyl cellulose and hydroxy-propyl methyl cellulose polymer in a fixed 85:15 ratios respectively. The in vitro dissolution studies of Diltiazem Hydrochloride from these sustained release pellets were carried out in pH 7.2 phosphate buffer for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 hrs using USP-I method. Statistically, significant differences were found among the drug release profile from different formulations. Polymer content with the highest concentration of Ethyl cellulose on the pellets shows the highest release retarding rate of the drug. The retarding capacity decreases with the decreased concentration of ethyl cellulose. The release mechanism was explored and explained with zero order, first order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer’s equations. Finally, the study showed that the profile and kinetics of drug release were functions of polymer type, polymer concentration & the physico-chemical properties of the drug. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diltiazem%20hydrochloride" title="diltiazem hydrochloride">diltiazem hydrochloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethyl%20cellulose" title=" ethyl cellulose"> ethyl cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydroxy%20propyl%20methyl%20cellulose" title=" hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose"> hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=release%20kinetics" title=" release kinetics"> release kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustained%20release%20pellets" title=" sustained release pellets"> sustained release pellets</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21180/effect-of-ethyl-cellulose-and-hydroxy-propyl-methyl-cellulose-polymer-on-the-release-profile-of-diltiazem-hydrochloride-sustained-release-pellets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21180.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">388</span> Effect of Dietary Cellulose Levels on the Growth Parameters of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus Fingerlings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keri%20Alhadi%20Ighwela">Keri Alhadi Ighwela</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aziz%20Bin%20Ahmad"> Aziz Bin Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20B.%20Abol-Munafi"> A. B. Abol-Munafi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Three purified diets were formulated using fish meal, soya bean, wheat flour, palm oil, minerals and maltose. The carbohydrate in the diets was increased from 5 to 15% by changing the cellulose content to study the effect of dietary carbohydrate level on the growth parameters of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus.The protein and the lipid contents were kept constant in all the diets. The results showed that, weight gain, protein efﬁciency ratio, net protein utilisation and hepatosomatic index of ﬁsh fed the diet containing 15% cellulose were the lowest among all groups. Addition, the fish fed the diet containing 5% cellulose had the best specific growth rate, and food conversion ratio. While, there was no effect of the dietary cellulose levels on condition factor and survival rate. These results indicate that Nile tilapia fingerlings are able to utilize dietary cellulose does not exceed 10% in their feed for optimum growth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dietary%20cellulose" title="dietary cellulose">dietary cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%20parameters" title=" growth parameters"> growth parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oreochromis%20niloticus" title=" oreochromis niloticus"> oreochromis niloticus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=purified%20diets" title=" purified diets"> purified diets</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34481/effect-of-dietary-cellulose-levels-on-the-growth-parameters-of-nile-tilapia-oreochromis-niloticus-fingerlings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34481.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">511</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">387</span> Khaya Cellulose Supported Copper Nanoparticles for Chemo Selective Aza-Michael Reactions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Shaheen%20Sarkar">M. Shaheen Sarkar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Lutfor%20Rahman"> M. Lutfor Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mashitah%20Mohd%20Yusoff"> Mashitah Mohd Yusoff</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We prepared a highly active Khaya cellulose supported poly(hydroxamic acid) copper nanoparticles by the surface modification of Khaya cellulose through graft co-polymerization and subsequently amidoximation. The Cu-nanoparticle (0.05 mol% to 50 mol ppm) was selectively promoted Aza-Michael reaction of aliphatic amines to give the corresponding alkylated products at room temperature in methanol. The supported nanoparticle was easy to recover and reused seven times without significance loss of its activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aza-Michael" title="Aza-Michael">Aza-Michael</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper" title=" copper"> copper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose" title=" cellulose"> cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poly%28hydroxamic%20acid%29" title=" poly(hydroxamic acid)"> poly(hydroxamic acid)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48532/khaya-cellulose-supported-copper-nanoparticles-for-chemo-selective-aza-michael-reactions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48532.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">386</span> Synthesis of NiNW/ Cellulose Nano Hybrid via Liquid-Phase Reduction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Rahmah%20Shamsuri">Siti Rahmah Shamsuri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eiichiro%20Matsubara"> Eiichiro Matsubara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shohei%20Shiomi"> Shohei Shiomi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The 1D nanomaterial is far surpassed the 0D nanomaterial. It does not just offer most of the benefit of the 0D nanomaterial such as the large surface area, a great number of active site and an efficient interfacial charge transfer but also can assemble into free-standing and flexible electrode due to their high aspect ratio. Thus, it is essential to develop a simple and ease synthesis of this 1D nanomaterial for the practical application. Here, nickel nanowire/cellulose hybrid has been successfully fabricated via a simple liquid-phase method with the assist of the magnetic field. A finer nickel nanowire was heterogeneously nucleated on the surface of the cellulose fiber, which demonstrated the effect of the hydroxyl group on the cellulose structure. The result of the nickel nanowire size was found to vary from 66-114 nm. A detailed discussion on the mechanism of the nickel nanowire/ cellulose hybrid formation is also shown in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose%20nanofiber" title="cellulose nanofiber">cellulose nanofiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid-phase%20reduction" title=" liquid-phase reduction"> liquid-phase reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20nanowire" title=" metal nanowire"> metal nanowire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20hybrid%20material" title=" nano hybrid material"> nano hybrid material</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67588/synthesis-of-ninw-cellulose-nano-hybrid-via-liquid-phase-reduction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67588.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">385</span> Pretreatment of Cattail (Typha domingensis) Fibers to Obtain Cellulose Nanocrystals </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marivane%20Turim%20Koschevic">Marivane Turim Koschevic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maycon%20dos%20Santos"> Maycon dos Santos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcello%20Lima%20Bertuci"> Marcello Lima Bertuci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farayde%20Matta%20Fakhouri"> Farayde Matta Fakhouri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silvia%20Maria%20Martelli"> Silvia Maria Martelli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Natural fibers are rich raw materials in cellulose and abundant in the world, its use for the cellulose nanocrystals extraction is promising as an example cited is the cattail, macrophyte native weed in South America. This study deals with the pre-treatment cattail of crushed fibers, at six different methods of mercerization, followed by the use of bleaching. As a result, have found The positive effects of treating fibers by means of optical microscopy and spectroscopy, Fourier transform (FTIR). The sample selected for future testing of cellulose nanocrystals extraction was treated in 2.5% NaOH for 2 h, 60 °C in the first stage and 30vol H2O2, NaOH 5% in the proportion 30/70% (v/v) for 1 hour 60 °C, followed by treatment at 50/50% (v/v) 15 minutes, 50°C, with the same constituents of the solution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose%20nanocrystal" title="cellulose nanocrystal">cellulose nanocrystal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20treatment" title=" chemical treatment"> chemical treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercerization" title=" mercerization"> mercerization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20fibers" title=" natural fibers"> natural fibers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59641/pretreatment-of-cattail-typha-domingensis-fibers-to-obtain-cellulose-nanocrystals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59641.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">384</span> Microstructure Study of NanoCrystalline Cellulose Obtained from Cotton Linter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farid%20Amidi-Fazli">Farid Amidi-Fazli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Problems and disadvantages of using conventional plastics are more apparent in recent years and have attracted researchers' attention. Polymers from natural resources or bio polymers represent a suitable replacement to overcome to the disadvantages of plastics. But due to the some flaws of bio polymers, using suitable filler almost seems necessary. Nanocrystalline cellulose with low cost and availability can be applied as appropriate filler. In this study nanocrystalline cellulose was produced from cotton Linter and was characterized. The cotton Linter was hydrolyzed in sulfuric acid then neutralized by the two different concentrations of NaOH. The resulted suspension was treated by ultrasound waves. Process efficiency was determined as 90%. The final product was studied using scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction technique. The obtained diagram of XRD experiment confirmed that the produced material was nanocrystalline cellulose. Also percentage of crystallinity was calculated as 84% in the obtained material as well as the size of crystals. It can be said that the applied method is a rapid and easy method for the production of nanocrystalline cellulose. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocrystalline%20cellulose" title="nanocrystalline cellulose">nanocrystalline cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystallinity" title=" crystallinity"> crystallinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotton%20linter" title=" cotton linter "> cotton linter </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32979/microstructure-study-of-nanocrystalline-cellulose-obtained-from-cotton-linter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32979.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">510</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">383</span> Preparation of Bacterial Cellulose Membranes from Nata de Coco for CO2/CH4 Separation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanin%20Hosakun">Yanin Hosakun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sujitra%20Wongkasemjit"> Sujitra Wongkasemjit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thanyalak%20Chaisuwan"> Thanyalak Chaisuwan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Carbon dioxide removal from natural gas is an important process because the existence of carbon dioxide in natural gas contributes to pipeline corrosion, reduces the heating value, and takes up volume in the pipeline. In this study, bacterial cellulose was chosen for the CO2/CH4 gas separation membrane due to its unique structure and prominent properties. Additionally, it can simply be obtained by culturing the bacteria so called “Acetobacter xylinum” through fermentation of coconut juice. Bacterial cellulose membranes with and without silver ions were prepared and studied for the separation performance of CO2 and CH4. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacterial%20cellulose" title="bacterial cellulose">bacterial cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2" title=" CO2"> CO2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CH4%20separation" title=" CH4 separation"> CH4 separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane" title=" membrane"> membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nata%20de%20coco" title=" nata de coco"> nata de coco</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4084/preparation-of-bacterial-cellulose-membranes-from-nata-de-coco-for-co2ch4-separation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4084.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">382</span> Synthesis of Ni/Mesopore Silica-Alumina Catalyst for Hydrocracking of Pyrolyzed α-Cellulose</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wega%20Trisunaryanti">Wega Trisunaryanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hesty%20Kusumastuti"> Hesty Kusumastuti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iip%20Izul%20Falah"> Iip Izul Falah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Fajar%20Marsuki"> Muhammad Fajar Marsuki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahmad%20Nuryanto"> Rahmad Nuryanto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Synthesis of Ni supported on mesopore silica-alumina (MSA) for hydrocracking of pyrolyzed α-cellulose had been carried out. The silica and alumina were extracted from Sidoarjo mud. Gelatin from catfish bone was used as a template for the mesopore design. The MSA was synthesized by using hydrothermal method at 100 °C for 24 h and calcined at 550 °C for 4 h then characterized by using X-Ray Diffraction Spectrometer (XRD) and Nitrogen Gas Sorption Analyzer (GAS). The Ni metal was loaded to the MSA by wet impregnation method. The catalytic activity in the hydrocracking reaction of pyrolyzed α-cellulose was carried out at 450 °C for 2 h. The MSA synthesized in this work is an amorphous material with specific surface area, total pore volume, and average pore diameter of 212.29 m²/g, 1.29 cm³/g, and 20.05 nm, respectively. The Ni/MSA catalyst produced 73.02 wt.% of liquid product in hydrocracking of pyrolyzed α-cellulose. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst" title="catalyst">catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gelatin" title=" gelatin"> gelatin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrocracking" title=" hydrocracking"> hydrocracking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesopore%20silica-alumina" title=" mesopore silica-alumina"> mesopore silica-alumina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B1-cellulose" title=" α-cellulose"> α-cellulose</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84532/synthesis-of-nimesopore-silica-alumina-catalyst-for-hydrocracking-of-pyrolyzed-a-cellulose" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84532.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">381</span> Effect of Enzymatic Modification on the Crystallinity of Cellulose Pulps</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Janicki">J. Janicki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Rom"> M. Rom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Slusarczyk"> C. Slusarczyk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Fabia"> J. Fabia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Siika-aho"> M. Siika-aho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Marjamaa"> K. Marjamaa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Kruus"> K. Kruus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Langfelder"> K. Langfelder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Steel"> C. Steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Paloheimo"> M. Paloheimo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Puranen"> T. Puranen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M%C3%A4kinen"> S. Mäkinen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Wawro"> D. Wawro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The cellulose is one of the most abundant polymers in the world, however, its application in the high-end value products such as films or fibres, it triggered by the cellulose properties. The noticeable presence of hydrogen bonding reflected with partially crystalline structure makes the cellulose insoluble in common solvents and not meltable. The existing technologies, such as viscose process, suffer from environmental and economical problems, because of the risk of harmful chemicals liberation during the spinning process. The enzymatic modification of cellulose with endoglucanase makes it directly alkali soluble in NaOH solution, giving the opportunities for film and fibers formation. As the effect of enzymatic treatment, there are observed changes in crystalline structure and accompanying changes of the affinity of cellulose to water, demonstrated by water retention value. The objective of the project ELMO - Novel carbohydrate modifying enzymes for fibre modification is is to develop new enzyme products for modification of dissolving grade pulps. The aim is to increase the reactivity of dissolving grade pulps and remove residual hemicellulose. The scientific aim of this paper is to present the effect of enzymatic treatment on the crystallinity and affinity to water of cellulose pulps modified with enzymes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose" title="cellulose">cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystallinity" title=" crystallinity"> crystallinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WAXS" title=" WAXS"> WAXS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme" title=" enzyme"> enzyme</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55599/effect-of-enzymatic-modification-on-the-crystallinity-of-cellulose-pulps" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55599.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">236</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">380</span> Electrical Properties of Nanocomposite Fibres Based On Cellulose and Graphene Nanoplatelets Prepared Using Ionic Liquids </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaya%20Mahmoudian">Shaya Mahmoudian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Reza%20Sazegar"> Mohammad Reza Sazegar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazanin%20Afshari"> Nazanin Afshari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms in a hexagonal lattice, has recently attracted great attention due to its unique mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. The high aspect ratio and unique surface features of graphene resulted in significant improvements of the nano composites properties. In this study, nano composite fibres made of cellulose and graphene nano platelets were wet spun from solution by using ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIMAc) as solvent. The effect of graphene loading on the thermal and electrical properties of the nanocomposite fibres was investigated. The nano composite fibres characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. XRD analysis revealed a cellulose II crystalline structure for regenerated cellulose and the nano composite fibres. SEM images showed a homogenous morphology and round cross section for the nano composite fibres along with well dispersion of graphene nano platelets in regenerated cellulose matrix. The incorporation of graphene into cellulose matrix generated electrical conductivity. At 6 wt. % of graphene, the electrical conductivity was 4.7 × 10-4 S/cm. The nano composite fibres also showed considerable improvements in thermal stability and char yield compared to pure regenerated cellulose fibres. This work provides a facile and environmentally friendly method of preparing nano composite fibres based on cellulose and graphene nano platelets that can find several applications in cellulose-based carbon fibres, conductive fibres, apparel, etc. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposite" title="nanocomposite">nanocomposite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene%20nanoplatelets" title=" graphene nanoplatelets"> graphene nanoplatelets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regenerated%20cellulose" title=" regenerated cellulose"> regenerated cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrical%20properties" title=" electrical properties"> electrical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30979/electrical-properties-of-nanocomposite-fibres-based-on-cellulose-and-graphene-nanoplatelets-prepared-using-ionic-liquids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30979.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">379</span> Assessing and Characterizing Cellulose Acetate Films Enhanced with Natural Compounds for Active Packaging Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abderrahim%20Bouftou">Abderrahim Bouftou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaoutar%20Aghmih"> Kaoutar Aghmih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatima%20Lakhdar"> Fatima Lakhdar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sa%C3%A2d%20Oukkass"> Saâd Oukkass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanaa%20Majid"> Sanaa Majid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Biodegradable and renewable-based polymeric packaging like cellulose acetate (CA) is an alternative to petroleum-based polymers, in the way of low cost and also creates a positive outcome on both environmentally. The objective of the present research was to develop bioactive packaging films from cellulose acetate incorporated with a low-cost cypress essential oil (EO). We prepared cellulose acetate films via solvent casting method incorporating 0, 10, 30, and 60 % (w/w) of EO, with the purpose of evaluating the possible changes caused by the cypress essential oil on the properties of the packaging. The films were characterized using FTIR, TGA, XRD and other analysis technologies. The mechanical, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of the films were analyzed. FTIR and XRD analysis indicated that cypress EO was homogenously distributed on the film. Meanwhile, TGA analysis demonstrated that the addition of EO had an impact on thermal properties. The impact of EO on mechanical and optical properties was explored. The results displayed that antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus increased as cypress essential oil percentage increased in cellulose acetate films. Moreover, free radical scavenger activity by DPPH of cellulose acetate films improved by increasing the cypress essential oil concentration. These results indicate that the films of cellulose acetate containing cypress essential oil have potential for use as active packaging for foods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose%20acetate" title="cellulose acetate">cellulose acetate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essential%20oil" title=" essential oil"> essential oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20packaging" title=" active packaging"> active packaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial" title=" antibacterial"> antibacterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title=" antioxidant"> antioxidant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174790/assessing-and-characterizing-cellulose-acetate-films-enhanced-with-natural-compounds-for-active-packaging-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/174790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">378</span> Design of a Recombinant Expression System for Bacterial Cellulose Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gizem%20Buldum">Gizem Buldum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Bismarck"> Alexander Bismarck</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Athanasios%20Mantalaris"> Athanasios Mantalaris</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer on earth and it is currently being utilised in a multitude of industrial applications. Over the last 30 years, attention has been paid to the bacterial cellulose (BC), since BC exhibits unique physical, chemical and mechanical properties when compared to plant-based cellulose, including high purity and biocompatibility. Although Acetobacter xylinum is the most efficient producer of BC, it’s long doubling time results in insufficient yields of the cellulose production. This limits widespread and continued use of BC. In this study, E. coli BL21 (DE3) or E. coli HMS cells are selected as host organisms for the expression of bacterial cellulose synthase operon (bcs) of A.xylinum. The expression system is created based on pET-Duet1 and pCDF plasmid vectors, which carry bcs operon. The results showed that all bcs genes were successfully transferred and expressed in E.coli strains. The expressions of bcs proteins were shown by SDS and Native page analyses. The functionality of the bcs operon was proved by congo red binding assay. The effect of culturing temperature and the inducer concentration (IPTG) on cell growth and plasmid stability were monitored. The percentage of plasmid harboring cells induced with 0.025 mM IPTG was obtained as 85% at 22˚C in the end of 10-hr culturing period. It was confirmed that the high output cellulose production machinery of A.xylinum can be transferred into other organisms. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacterial%20cellulose" title="bacterial cellulose">bacterial cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biopolymer" title=" biopolymer"> biopolymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recombinant%20expression%20system" title=" recombinant expression system"> recombinant expression system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production" title=" production"> production</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19050/design-of-a-recombinant-expression-system-for-bacterial-cellulose-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">377</span> Utilization of Extracted Spirogyra sp. Media Fermented by Gluconacetobacter Xylinum for Cellulose Production as Raw Material for Paper Product</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20S.%20Desak%20Ketut">T. S. Desak Ketut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.n.%20Isna"> A.n. Isna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.a.%20Ayu"> A.a. Ayu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20P.%20Ririn"> D. P. Ririn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suharjono%20Hadiatullah"> Suharjono Hadiatullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The requirement of paper from year to year rise rapidly. The raising of cellulose requirement in paper production caused increasing of wood requirement with the effect that limited forest areal because of deforestation. Alternative cellulose that can be used for making paper is microbial cellulose. The objective of this research are to know the effectivity fermentation media Spirogyra sp. by Gluconacetobacter xylinum for cellulose production as material for the making of paper and to know effect composition bacterial cellulose composite product of Gluconacetobacter xylinum in Spirogyra sp. The method, was used, is as follow, 1) the effect assay from variation composition of fermentation media to bacterial cellulose production by Gluconacetobacter xylinum. 2) The effect assay of composition bacterial cellulose fermentation producted by Gluconacetobacter xylinum in extracted Spirogyra media to paper quality. The result of this research is variation fermentation media Spirogyra sp. affect to production of cellulose by Gluconacetobacter xylinum. Thus, result showed by the highest value and significantly different in thickness parameter, dry weight and wet weight of nata in sucrose concentration 7,5 % and urea 0,75 %. Composition composite of bacterial cellulose from fermentation product by Gluconacetobacter xylinum in media Spirogyra sp. affect to paper quality from wet nata and dry nata. Parameters thickness, weight, water absorpsion, density and gramatur showed highest result in sucrose concentration 7,5 % and urea concentration 0,75 %, except paper density from dry nata had highest result in sucrose and urea concentration 0%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose" title="cellulose">cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fermentation%20media" title=" fermentation media"> fermentation media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=" title=" "> </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gluconacetobacter%20xylinum" title=" Gluconacetobacter xylinum"> Gluconacetobacter xylinum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paper" title=" paper"> paper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spirogyra%20sp." title=" Spirogyra sp."> Spirogyra sp.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35917/utilization-of-extracted-spirogyra-sp-media-fermented-by-gluconacetobacter-xylinum-for-cellulose-production-as-raw-material-for-paper-product" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">343</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">376</span> Rejuvenation of Aged Kraft-Cellulose Insulating Paper Used in Transformers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Jeon">Y. Jeon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bissessur"> A. Bissessur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Lin"> J. Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Ndungu"> P. Ndungu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most transformers employ the usage of cellulose paper, which has been chemically modified through the Kraft process that acts as an effective insulator. Cellulose ageing and oil degradation are directly linked to fouling of the transformer and accumulation of large quantities of waste insulating paper. In addition to technical difficulties, this proves costly for power utilities to deal with. Currently there are no cost effective method for the rejuvenation of cellulose paper that has been documented nor proposed, since renewal of used insulating paper is implemented as the best option. This study proposes and contrasts different rejuvenation methods of accelerated aged cellulose insulating paper by chemical and bio-bleaching processes. Of the three bleaching methods investigated, two are, conventional chlorine-based sodium hypochlorite (m/v), and chlorine-free hydrogen peroxide (v/v), whilst the third is a bio-bleaching technique that uses a bacterium isolate, Acinetobacter strain V2. Through chemical bleaching, varying the strengths of the bleaching reagents at 0.3 %, 0.6 %, 0.9 %, 1.2 %, 1.5 % and 1.8 % over 4 hrs. were analyzed. Bio-bleaching implemented a bacterium isolate, Acinetobacter strain V2, to bleach the aged Kraft paper over 4 hrs. The determination of the amount of alpha cellulose, degree of polymerization and viscosity carried out on Kraft-cellulose insulating paper before and after bleaching. Overall the investigated techniques of chemical and bio-bleaching were successful and effective in treating degraded and accelerated aged Kraft-cellulose insulating paper, however, to varying extents. Optimum conditions for chemical bleaching were attained at bleaching strengths of 1.2 % (m/v) NaOCl and 1.5 % (v/v) H2O2 yielding alpha cellulose contents of 82.4 % and 80.7 % and degree of polymerizations of 613 and 616 respectively. Bio-bleaching using Acinetobacter strain V2 proved to be the superior technique with alpha cellulose levels of 89.0 % and a degree of polymerization of 620. Chemical bleaching techniques require careful and controlled clean-up treatments as it is chlorine and hydrogen peroxide based while bio-bleaching is an extremely eco-friendly technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alpha%20cellulose" title="alpha cellulose">alpha cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-bleaching" title=" bio-bleaching"> bio-bleaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=degree%20of%20polymerization" title=" degree of polymerization"> degree of polymerization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kraft-cellulose%20insulating%20paper" title=" Kraft-cellulose insulating paper"> Kraft-cellulose insulating paper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transformer" title=" transformer"> transformer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscosity" title=" viscosity"> viscosity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30881/rejuvenation-of-aged-kraft-cellulose-insulating-paper-used-in-transformers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30881.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">375</span> Fabrication and Assessment of Poly (butylene succinate)/ Poly (ԑ-caprolactone)/Eucomis Autumnalis Cellulose Bio-Composites for Tissue Engineering Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kumalo%20F.%20I.">Kumalo F. I.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malimabe%20M.%20A."> Malimabe M. A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gumede%20T.%20P."> Gumede T. P.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mosoabisane%20M.%20F.%20T."> Mosoabisane M. F. T.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the fabrication and characterization of bio-nanocomposites consisting of poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly (ԑ-caprolactone) (PCL), reinforced with cellulose extracted from Eucomis autumnalis, a medicinal plant. Bio-nanocomposite films were prepared using the solvent casting method, with cellulose content ranging from 1 to 3 wt%. Comprehensive analysis was conducted using FTIR, SEM, TEM, DSC, TGA, and XRD, to assess morphological, thermal, and structural properties. The results indicated significant improvements in the thermal stability and morphological properties with increasing cellulose content, showcasing the potential of these materials for tissue engineering applications. The use of cellulose extracted from a medicinal plant highlight the potential for sustainable and biocompatible materials in biomedical applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bionanocomposites" title="Bionanocomposites">Bionanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poly%28butylene%20succinate%29" title=" poly(butylene succinate)"> poly(butylene succinate)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poly%28caprolactone%29" title=" poly(caprolactone)"> poly(caprolactone)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eucomis%20autumnalis" title=" eucomis autumnalis"> eucomis autumnalis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicinal%20plant" title=" medicinal plant"> medicinal plant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183450/fabrication-and-assessment-of-poly-butylene-succinate-poly-caprolactoneeucomis-autumnalis-cellulose-bio-composites-for-tissue-engineering-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183450.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">52</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carboxymethyle%20cellulose&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carboxymethyle%20cellulose&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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