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margin: 0 0 0.5em 0.5em; text-align:left; border: 1px solid #009761; width:175px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center; color:White; background-color:#009761"><b>Cogito ergo sum</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Logic" title="Logic"><font size="4" color="White"><b>Logic and rhetoric</b></font></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFFFFF;" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Category:Logic" title="Category:Logic"><img alt="Icon logic.svg" src="/w/images/thumb/9/99/Icon_logic.svg/100px-Icon_logic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" srcset="/w/images/thumb/9/99/Icon_logic.svg/150px-Icon_logic.svg.png 1.5x, /w/images/thumb/9/99/Icon_logic.svg/200px-Icon_logic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#009761; text-align:center;"><b>Key articles</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#FFFFFF;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Logical_fallacy" title="Logical fallacy">Logical fallacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syllogism" title="Syllogism">Syllogism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argument" title="Argument">Argument</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#009761; text-align:center;"><b>General logic</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#FFFFFF;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Correlation_does_not_imply_causation" title="Correlation does not imply causation">Correlation does not imply causation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modus_tollens" title="Modus tollens">Modus tollens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overgeneralization" title="Overgeneralization">Overgeneralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word_magic" title="Word magic">Word magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_was_wrong_before" title="Media was wrong before">Media was wrong before</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modus_ponens" title="Modus ponens">Modus ponens</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; color:White; background-color:#009761; text-align:center;"><b>Bad logic</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size: 95%; background-color:#FFFFFF;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quote_mining" title="Quote mining">Quote mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_analogies" title="Nazi analogies">Nazi analogies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chewbacca_Defense" title="Chewbacca Defense">Chewbacca Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallacy_of_accident" title="Fallacy of accident">Fallacy of accident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanctioning_the_devil" title="Sanctioning the devil">Sanctioning the devil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whataboutism" title="Whataboutism">Whataboutism</a></li></ul> <div class="vte plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Logicnav" title="Template:Logicnav">v</a> - <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Logicnav" title="Template talk:Logicnav">t</a> - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Logicnav&action=edit">e</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table><div role="note" class="hatnote">PRATT redirects here. If you were looking for <a href="/wiki/Larry_Pratt" title="Larry Pratt">Larry Pratt</a>, well, we can understand how you would have been confused.</div> <table style="margin: auto; border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; background-color:transparent;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="padding:4px 50px;position:relative;"><span style="position:absolute;left:10px;top:-6px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">“</span><span style="position:absolute;right:10px;bottom:-20px;z-index:1;font-family:'Times New Roman',serif;font-weight:bold;color:#B2B7F2;font-size:36px">”</span>Is the <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a> <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">covering up</a> <a href="/wiki/Aliens" class="mw-redirect" title="Aliens">alien visitation</a>? Are <a href="/wiki/Anti-vaccination_movement" title="Anti-vaccination movement">vaccines harmful</a>? Was <a href="/wiki/Moon_landing_hoax" title="Moon landing hoax">the moon landing a hoax</a>? These are questions that have been done to death, and there is nothing new you're likely to learn by questioning them further. Unless your motivation is <a href="/wiki/Appeal_to_emotion" title="Appeal to emotion">emotional</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology">ideological</a>, it's time to recognize there's nothing to be gained from continuing to go over our most-trodden ground.</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:4px 10px 8px;font-size:smaller;line-height:1.6em;text-align:right;"><cite style="font-style:normal;position:relative;z-index:2">—<a href="/wiki/Brian_Dunning" title="Brian Dunning">Brian Dunning</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Skeptoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Skeptoid">Skeptoid</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup></cite> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>point refuted a thousand times</b>, commonly abbreviated as <b>PRATT</b>, and called a <b>canard</b> outside of this website, refers to a point or <a href="/wiki/Argument" title="Argument">argument</a> that has literally been refuted so many times that it is not worth bothering with. </p><p>It is a common phrase on <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> forums, as <a href="/wiki/Debate" title="Debate">debates</a> have a tendency to go in circles — especially online. Once people have refuted a point the first thousand times, it's hard for them to muster the motivation to do it again. It's a <i>very</i> common accusation levied at <a href="/wiki/Creationist" class="mw-redirect" title="Creationist">creationists</a>, who are notoriously unimaginative in what they say.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2">[note 1]</a></sup> Coincidentally, PRATTs can usually be found coming from prats (British English for "idiots"). </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Examples_of_PRATTs"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Examples of PRATTs</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Religion"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Religion</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-3"><a href="#Religious_examples"><span class="tocnumber">1.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Religious examples</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Same-sex_marriage"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Same-sex marriage</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Evolution"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Evolution</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Economics"><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span> <span class="toctext">Economics</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Conspiracies"><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span> <span class="toctext">Conspiracies</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1.6</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Politics"><span class="tocnumber">1.7</span> <span class="toctext">Politics</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Science"><span class="tocnumber">1.8</span> <span class="toctext">Science</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Environmentalism"><span class="tocnumber">1.9</span> <span class="toctext">Environmentalism</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Donald_Trump"><span class="tocnumber">1.10</span> <span class="toctext">Donald Trump</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Examples_of_PRATTs">Examples of PRATTs</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_refuted_a_thousand_times&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Examples of PRATTs">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>These assertions are mostly very easy to refute, but remain persistent arguments due to <a href="/wiki/Ignorance" title="Ignorance">ignorance</a>. </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Religion">Religion</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_refuted_a_thousand_times&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:402px;"><a href="/wiki/File:PRATts.webp" class="image"><img alt="" src="/w/images/thumb/f/fd/PRATts.webp/400px-PRATts.webp.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="210" class="thumbimage" srcset="/w/images/thumb/f/fd/PRATts.webp/530px-PRATts.webp.png 1.5x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="278" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:PRATts.webp" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Religious PRATTs—literally(?)</div></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Christians">Christians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muslims" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> belonging to <a href="/wiki/Fundamentalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundamentalist">fundamentalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Sect" title="Sect">sects</a> are often told to avoid reading material and visiting websites that can disturb their <a href="/wiki/Faith" title="Faith">faith</a>. Therefore, naïve fundamentalists may repeat bad arguments because they <i>genuinely</i> do not know the refutations. More cynical preachers may bring out arguments that have been refuted time after time because they know the <a href="/wiki/Sheep" title="Sheep">sheep</a> who flock to hear their messages will not find out the refutations. </p> <h4><span class="mw-headline" id="Religious_examples">Religious examples</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_refuted_a_thousand_times&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Religious examples">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h4> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Divine_command_theory" title="Divine command theory">Religion is required in order for a person to be moral/There is no morality without God</a>.</dt> <dd>If this were anywhere near true, the world would be in chaos. In 2000, 12% of the world's population were <a href="/wiki/Agnostic" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnostic">agnostics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deist" class="mw-redirect" title="Deist">deists</a>, and other people with no formal, organized religion.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a></sup> That's roughly 1 in 10 people who, the religious claim, would happily murder the other 9, including you, because they lacked any form of <a href="/wiki/Morality" title="Morality">morality</a> — this just doesn't stack up to observed <a href="/wiki/Evidence" title="Evidence">evidence</a>. <a href="/wiki/Secular_humanism" title="Secular humanism">Secular humanism</a> has established several non-religious moral codes, and <a href="/wiki/Biologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Biologist">biologists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Psychologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychologist">psychologists</a> have tracked various evolutionary pathways for <i>why</i> we act in (what we define as) a moral manner. Perhaps most importantly, <a href="/wiki/Statistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Statistic">statistical</a> analysis (rates of murder, <a href="/wiki/Adultery" title="Adultery">adultery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">rape</a>, theft, etc.) shows that non-religious folks behave no less and often more morally<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[3]</a></sup> than those who have found religion (or had it hammered into them since childhood).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[note 2]</a></sup></dd> <dd>Besides, even if the atheists and agnostics are wrong about the existence of an all-powerful Deity, then why can that Deity not use such people for His Divine Purpose, such as pushing morality with the force of logic and compassion instead of uncritical faith?</dd> <dd>If anything, given all the <a href="/wiki/Massacres_in_the_name_of_a_peaceful_faith" title="Massacres in the name of a peaceful faith">massacres committed in the name of religion</a>, religious people seem to be <i>less</i> moral. As <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a> put it, "anyone who has the power to make you believe absurdities has the power to make you commit injustices".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6">[4]</a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheism</a> is a direct cause of lawless behavior.</dt> <dd>This is similarly untrue for almost all beliefs, with the notable exceptions of <a href="/wiki/Anarchism#Insurrectionary_anarchism" title="Anarchism">illegalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism">nihilism</a>. Of course, even illegalists could be said to follow a law of their own devising: that <a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">society</a> is bad and should be destroyed.</dd> <dd>Research shows that atheists are about as likely to commit crimes as are committed religious adherents, indicating that atheism doesn't seem to make people more "lawless".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[5]</a></sup> If this was true, most of <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a> would be well-known as a hotbed of <a href="/wiki/Insane" class="mw-redirect" title="Insane">insane</a>, godless violence. As it currently stands, it isn't. Neither is there much obvious correlation between lawlessness and religion, as most causes of crime are attributed to social and economic conditions. Religion, or lack of it, <a href="/wiki/Correlation_does_not_equal_causation" class="mw-redirect" title="Correlation does not equal causation">isn't often viewed as a contributing factor</a>. Now, there <i>were</i> the 2011 <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> attacks, but it's notable that those were committed against secularists by <a href="/wiki/Anders_Behring_Breivik" title="Anders Behring Breivik">Anders Behring Breivik</a>, a Christian.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Atheism is a religion.</dt></dl> <div role="note" class="hatnote">See the main article on this topic: <a href="/wiki/Atheism_as_a_religion" title="Atheism as a religion">Atheism as a religion</a></div> <dl><dd>While it's pretty certain that some people can be <a href="/wiki/New_Atheism" title="New Atheism">quite passionate and organised</a> about atheism — and even issue out religious-like edicts about what atheists should and shouldn't do — atheism is not a religion by its very definition. It has no <a href="/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma">dogma</a> to follow and is a completely non-prescriptive <a href="/wiki/Belief" title="Belief">belief</a> system. As proof of this, there have been quite a number of (often mutually exclusive) dogmas, <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophies</a>, and prescriptive belief systems bolted onto atheism, of which the three best known are <a href="/wiki/Secular_humanism" title="Secular humanism">secular humanism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marxism" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxism">Marxism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a>.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>While you could alter the <i>definition</i> of religion to include atheism, the practical result is really that the term "religion" loses a lot of its value as a category (except in the context of constitutional <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">law</a>, where classifying atheism as a "religion" greatly simplifies things conceptually), and the point would lose any power as an argument — becoming not only readily ridiculous but also <a href="/wiki/Self-refuting_idea" title="Self-refuting idea">self-defeating</a>.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>The simplest way to explain this is that "atheism" is as much a religion as "<a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">monotheism</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">polytheism</a>". There are monotheistic religions, but monotheism itself is not the religion. There are at least two well-known ancient atheistic religions, <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> (though some versions incorporate the <a href="/wiki/Supernatural" title="Supernatural">supernatural</a>). It's entirely possible to believe in the existence of one or multiple gods without deriving any morality from them, in much the same way you could believe that life on <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> <a href="/wiki/Aliensdidit" class="mw-redirect" title="Aliensdidit">originated in a different star system</a> without joining any alien-worshiping cult.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>Really, atheism is the <i>absence</i> of religion, nothing more or less than a <a href="/wiki/Null_hypothesis" title="Null hypothesis">null hypothesis</a>. It's as simple as that. Anyone who can't grasp this concept needs to be re-educated (and not in the Stalinist sense of "ideological <a href="/wiki/Brainwashing" title="Brainwashing">brainwashing</a>", but in the literal sense of "teaching the <a href="/wiki/Ignorance" title="Ignorance">ignorant</a> and naïve how the world works so they don't <a href="/wiki/Death" title="Death">completely fail at living</a> before their bodies naturally break down").</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Atheists hate God</dt></dl> <div role="note" class="hatnote">See the main article on this topic: <a href="/wiki/Atheists_hate_god" title="Atheists hate god">Atheists hate god</a></div> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Same-sex_marriage">Same-sex marriage</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_refuted_a_thousand_times&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Same-sex marriage">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <dl><dt>Allowing <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriages</a> will "destroy" <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">marriage</a>… somehow.</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Social_conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Social conservative">Social conservatives</a> frequently claim this despite the fact that those <a href="/wiki/Nation" title="Nation">nations</a> and states that have legalized it (<a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, etc.) are doing just fine, thank you. <a href="/wiki/Essay:Gay_Marriage_Speech_by_New_Zealand_politician" title="Essay:Gay Marriage Speech by New Zealand politician">Judgement day didn't begin</a> (despite <a href="/wiki/List_of_predictions_of_the_end_of_the_world" title="List of predictions of the end of the world">many predictions</a>). Populations didn't decline (or at least didn't decline any faster than before). The only thing that happened when gay marriage was legalized <i>was that gay people could get married.</i> It's that simple.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>Another oft-repeated <a href="/wiki/Canard" title="Canard">canard</a> is that <a href="/wiki/Children" title="Children">children</a> are better off being raised by a mother <i>and</i> a father both. To support this, they cite a study that compared children raised by married, biological parents to those raised by single parents, step families, and cohabiting parents, without regard for <a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">gender</a>. They then <a href="/wiki/Cherry_picking" title="Cherry picking">turn their ears off</a> when one mentions the studies done that find children of same-sex couples are just as well-adjusted as those of opposite-sex couples. This came up in the infamous <a href="/wiki/California" class="mw-redirect" title="California">California</a> ballot <a href="/wiki/Proposition_8" class="mw-redirect" title="Proposition 8">Proposition 8</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[6]</a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dd>In any case, it's a <a href="/wiki/False_dilemma" title="False dilemma">false dilemma</a>, since single-parent households <i>will still be single-parent households</i> whether gay marriage is legal or not. Preventing gays from marrying doesn't put second parents in those households.</dd></dl> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Evolution">Evolution</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_refuted_a_thousand_times&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Evolution">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div role="note" class="hatnote">See the main article on this topic: <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">Evolution</a></div> <dl><dt>The <a href="/wiki/Second_Law_of_Thermodynamics" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Law of Thermodynamics">Second Law of Thermodynamics</a> disproves <a href="/wiki/Evolution" title="Evolution">evolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[7]</a></sup></dt> <dd>The Second Law is frequently misinterpreted here as if to say that complicated or ordered structures were completely forbidden from forming. While thermodynamics applies to both open and closed systems, the second law states that the entropy of <i>isolated systems</i> almost always increases. The Earth (and the evolution occurring on it) is not an isolated system. <a href="/wiki/Energy" title="Energy">Energy</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Sun#What_the_sun_is" title="Sun">Sun</a> acts as a driving force for chemical reactions, which are a key part of <a href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biology</a>. Thus evolution, like air conditioning and street sweeping, does not violate the Second Law.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>The <a href="/wiki/Fossil_record" title="Fossil record">fossil record</a> gives us no <a href="/wiki/Transitional_forms" class="mw-redirect" title="Transitional forms">transitional forms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10">[8]</a></sup></dt> <dd>Entire pages of books and websites have been dedicated to listing transitional fossils. Just as much has been written describing what a transitional form actually would be — specifically that <i>all</i> fossils are really transitions between something and something else. Creationists say that transitional fossils don't exist so much that this could be considered the <i>ultimate</i> PRATT. Their repeated use of this point in the face of evidence is an extreme form of <a href="/wiki/Denialism" title="Denialism">denialism</a>.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Evolutionary theory is inseparable from <a href="/wiki/Social_Darwinism" title="Social Darwinism">Social Darwinism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[9]</a></sup></dt> <dd>Besides being a twisted <a href="/wiki/Argument_from_adverse_consequences" class="mw-redirect" title="Argument from adverse consequences">argument from adverse consequences</a>, this point is wrong. <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> was never involved in Social Darwinism and never endorsed it, nor was the theory technically inspired by it. However, even if he was a proponent of Social Darwinism or <a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">eugenics</a>, and even if every <a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_biologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolutionary biologist">evolutionary biologist</a> since then was also a fan, this fact would have <i>absolutely no bearing on the validity of evolution</i>. This point is like arguing that theories about <a href="/wiki/Gravity" title="Gravity">gravitation</a> are all wrong because walking off a cliff results in death: the consequences of the theory don't affect its validity. <a href="/wiki/Gore%27s_Law" title="Gore's Law">Gore's Law</a> is quite similar.</dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Evolutionism" title="Evolutionism">Evolutionism</a> is a religion.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[10]</a></sup></dt> <dd>As with every science, there is no worship in evolution, there is no <a href="/wiki/Blind_faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Blind faith">blind faith</a> or adherence — only <a href="/wiki/Evidence" title="Evidence">evidence</a>. Religion is a quite nicely defined <a href="/wiki/Social_construct" class="mw-redirect" title="Social construct">social construct</a>, and no aspect of evolutionary theories fit in. At all. In short, if you were to stretch the definition of "religion" far enough to include evolution, the term would, again, cease to have any real use or proper meaning.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>The <a href="/wiki/Origin_of_life" title="Origin of life">origin of life</a> is not explained by evolution, therefore it is wrong.</dt> <dd>The point cannot be overstated that evolution explains the origin of species and <a href="/wiki/Speciation" class="mw-redirect" title="Speciation">speciation</a>, and the diversity of life as it reproduces (biogenesis). The origin of life would be explained by a different mechanism, <a href="/wiki/Abiogenesis" title="Abiogenesis">abiogenesis</a>, which is a separate process from evolutionary theory. This argument would be akin to claiming <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a> is wrong because it doesn't explain where <a href="/wiki/Atoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Atoms">atoms</a> come from.</dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/How_come_there_are_still_monkeys%3F" title="How come there are still monkeys?">How come there are still monkeys?</a></dt> <dd>Multiple problems exist with this one; it's mostly due to a severe misunderstanding about the nature of evolution. However, it is <i>very</i> common, and indeed quite a nice example to use as a branching point for dealing with these misconceptions. In short, though, "if white <a href="/wiki/American" class="mw-redirect" title="American">Americans</a> descended from <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europeans</a>, why are there still Europeans?"</dd></dl> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Economics">Economics</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_refuted_a_thousand_times&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Economics">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Supply_side_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Supply side economics">Supply side economics</a></dt> <dd>This states that if we <a href="/wiki/Tax_cut" title="Tax cut">cut taxes</a> on the rich, they'll invest the money and it will "trickle down" to the less wealthy. Supply side economics and the <a href="/wiki/Laffer_Curve" class="mw-redirect" title="Laffer Curve">Laffer Curve</a> are valid in principle (for instance, if you have <i>massive</i> levels of <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">crippling taxation and a population being fed by a black market</a>), but have been thoroughly debunked as <a href="/wiki/Wishful_thinking" class="mw-redirect" title="Wishful thinking">wishful thinking</a>, since whenever these tax cuts have been notably implemented, there has been barely any (if any at all) trickling down of benefits.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[11]</a></sup> Despite this, the Laffer Curve is still held in high regard by many fiscal conservatives, even while its architect continues to <a href="/wiki/Wingnut_welfare" title="Wingnut welfare">act like a dolt.</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a></sup></dd></dl> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Conspiracies">Conspiracies</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_refuted_a_thousand_times&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Conspiracies">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <dl><dt>Most purported evidence of the <a href="/wiki/Moon_landing_hoax" title="Moon landing hoax">moon landing hoax</a>.</dt> <dd>There are as many websites out there pointing out the blatantly obvious flaws in this <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">conspiracy theory</a> as there are websites trying to support the conspiracy theory. "<a href="/wiki/Buzz_Aldrin" title="Buzz Aldrin">Buzz Aldrin</a> isn't holding a camera!" (The astronauts' cameras were attached to their chests). "There's a prop visible with 'C' written on it!" (<i>no one</i> labels their props like that, and <a href="/wiki/Apophenia" title="Apophenia">it doesn’t look like a C</a>). "The flag waves in the wind!" (it was intentionally held up with a cable).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a></sup> And so on and so forth.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>There's a <a href="/wiki/Face_on_Mars" title="Face on Mars">face on Mars</a>.</dt> <dd>This still does the rounds on blogs, conspiracy websites, <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> comments, and the occasional <a href="/wiki/Woo" title="Woo">woo</a>-pushing documentary despite being thoroughly examined and revealed to be nothing particularly interesting. Higher resolution shots of the "face" have revealed it to be exactly what every <a href="/wiki/Skeptic" class="mw-redirect" title="Skeptic">skeptic</a> said it was, just a mountain range with some funny shadows. It's a very interesting <a href="/wiki/Psychological" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychological">psychological</a> effect known as <a href="/wiki/Pareidolia" title="Pareidolia">pareidolia</a> (indeed, this crops up every single time someone reports seeing a face in something, from <a href="/wiki/Marian_apparition" title="Marian apparition">Jesus on a toasted sandwich</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Devil" class="mw-redirect" title="Devil">Devil</a> in the smoke of the <a href="/wiki/9/11" title="9/11">World Trade Center collapsing</a>, yet the message still doesn't seem to get across).</dd></dl> <dl><dt>So-called <a href="/wiki/Bullshit" title="Bullshit">evidence</a> for a <a href="/wiki/Flat_Earth" title="Flat Earth">Flat Earth</a></dt></dl> <p>Every single argument for a Flat Earth has been refuted literally millions of times. Every single argument from "water finds its own level" to "NASA admits it uses photoshop" has been torn to shreds and pointed out as either utterly meaningless, as in the former's case, or just blatantly <a href="/wiki/Cherry_picking" title="Cherry picking">cherry-picked</a> in the latter's case, alongside so, so many more fallacies to the point it'd take an entire page to list them all. Flat Earthers typically don't care and see these arguments as irrefutable and unquestionable <i><b><a href="/wiki/Bullshit" title="Bullshit">TROOF!</a></b></i> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_refuted_a_thousand_times&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <dl><dt>The <a href="/wiki/Lost_Cause_of_the_South" title="Lost Cause of the South">Lost Cause of the South</a></dt> <dd>Every aspect of this myth has been refuted time and again with overwhelming evidence. Yes, the South fought the Civil War to preserve <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a> (it is even mentioned as such in several states' articles of secession), yes, slaves really were treated <i>that</i> badly, and no, most Southerners did not oppose slavery, certainly not Robert E. Lee (who viewed it as a necessary evil, not towards the black race but towards the white race, and he owned slaves himself, contrary to what many lost causers believe). Despite it being so easy to refute with even a basic understanding of American history, it is still widely believed to this day, largely because of many prominent early American historians (most notably <a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a>) promoting it and because it is still taught in school in many states.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[note 3]</a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a></dt> <dd>The <a href="/wiki/Holocaust" title="Holocaust">Holocaust</a> has its own entire section of historiography, with the amount of evidence that it happened being overwhelming. We have pictures, documents, survivors, historical sites, records, etc. that proved that the Holocaust happened. Any attempts to downplay the severity of the Holocaust have been debunked over and over again as well, with one common point, "How did they get enough gas to kill 6 million Jews", being easily debunked as not every victim of the Holocaust died in a gas chamber, and that's not even getting in to the evidence debunking that it was <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">the Jews</a> that caused the Holocaust. The amount of historical fields that you'd have to deny as well as the entire huge body of evidence that has been compiled over the years is staggering, making Holocaust deniers essentially the <a href="/wiki/Flat_Earth" title="Flat Earth">Flat Earthers</a> of the history profession.</dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Anti-Stratfordianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Stratfordianism">Anti-Stratfordianism</a></dt> <dd>The idea that Shakespeare didn't exist or didn't write his plays has been around for centuries, and Shakespeare scholars still get exasperated at how often they have to prove the Bard's existence and authorship. Despite the mountain of legal records and the difficulty of having some mysterious, unseen figure write plays that required intimate knowledge of its actors, as well as the logistics of <a href="/wiki/Coverup" title="Coverup">covering up</a> such a relationship, there are still those who insist some other author wrote Shakespeare's plays, such as on the basis on education ("Shakespeare never went to university yet his plays show a university-level vocabulary!" — except Shakespeare's schooling was quite different from modern schooling) or viewpoint ("How could someone who never traveled outside of England write such detailed plays about Italy and France?" — except Shakespeare still got quite a bit wrong… like someone who never traveled outside of England).</dd></dl> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Politics">Politics</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_refuted_a_thousand_times&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Politics">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">Slavery</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Crow">Jim Crow</a> have long been done away with, and there's been an <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">African American in the White House</a>, so <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racism</a> is no longer an issue./<a href="/wiki/Rape_culture#Addressing_the_.22not_all_men.22_defense" title="Rape culture">Not <i>all</i> men</a> abuse women, so <a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">sexism</a> no longer exists.</dt> <dd>Just because racism is not as prevalent any more doesn't mean it's no longer an issue, and racism encompasses more than just <a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">discrimination</a> against people of colour. Just because sexism is not so prevalent any more doesn't mean it has completely disappeared either. The <a href="/wiki/Denial" class="mw-redirect" title="Denial">denial</a> of the existence of various forms of oppression, or of the offensiveness of a given statement, are strategies used to derail or undermine people working to advance the interests of marginalized groups. If a member of such a group points out that something is oppressive to their group, they more than likely know better than someone not in that group because they live it every day. (Most likely they take the subject seriously enough to only produce such claims when they really think it's appropriate. That's not to say that nobody ever "<a href="/wiki/Persecution_complex" title="Persecution complex">plays the race/gender card</a>" for their own petty gain, but most properly-raised people with properly-working brains know better than to engage in such antisocial behavior.) This holds doubly true for members of said marginalized group who also advocate for the rights of that group.</dd></dl> <dl><dd>People who suggest that these claims are frivolous should back this up with the required <a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_claims_require_extraordinary_evidence" title="Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence">extraordinary evidence</a>, which they almost never do.</dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Fascist" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist">Fascists</a> weren't right-wing!</dt> <dd>The former can be refuted <a href="/wiki/No_True_Scotsman" title="No True Scotsman">completely outright</a>. (<i>B-b-but <a href="/wiki/National_Socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="National Socialism">Hitler was a socialist</a>. He wanted big government, workers owning the means of production, and gun bans. The <b>opposite</b> of what Republicans want!</i><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[14]</a></sup> Sure, that was probably why he busted <a href="/wiki/Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Union">unions</a> and put socialists and communists to death.) The latter refers to <a href="/wiki/Jonah_Goldberg" title="Jonah Goldberg">Jonah Goldberg</a>'s book <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxymoron" class="extiw" title="wp:Oxymoron" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Oxymoron">Liberal Fascism</span></a>,<sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup></i> which is often used as a reference by <a href="/wiki/Wingnut" title="Wingnut">hard-right</a> bloggers and ideologues as "proof" that fascism <a href="/wiki/Godwin%27s_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Godwin's Law">was left-wing, not right-wing</a>, despite the fact that the book has been refuted by everyone with actual expertise in the area, <a href="/wiki/Liberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal">liberal</a> <i>and</i> conservative.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[15]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[note 4]</a></sup> It is probably used as a reference since debunking the book every time it comes up would be too tedious and irritating for most to bother with doing over and over again.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>Prayer has been banned!</dt> <dd>Check your Facebook feed and if you have any conservative friends, you'll see pissing and moaning that <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">G-d</a> has been banned from <a href="/wiki/American" class="mw-redirect" title="American">American</a> <a href="/wiki/Public_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Public schools">public schools</a>, and students can't <a href="/wiki/Pray" class="mw-redirect" title="Pray">pray</a> without getting flogged. Except that's not the case. Students can pray all they want.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[16]</a></sup> Granted, they couldn't stand up in the middle of class to recite the Lord's Prayer any more than they'd have a pass to stand up and sing "Modern Major General", but they can pray. What was banned was school faculty leading the class in prayer, being that this amounts to a government endorsement of religion. Point this out to those conservative friends, though, and they'll likely reject the information so they can hold on to <a href="/wiki/Persecution_complex" title="Persecution complex">their feeling of martyrdom</a>.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar_Republic" class="extiw" title="wp:Weimar Republic" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> failed because it was "too democratic".</dt> <dd>No it didn't. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enabling_Act_of_1933" class="extiw" title="wp:Enabling Act of 1933" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Enabling Act of 1933">Enabling Act of 1933</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> was passed even though it clearly violated the substance of the constitution by a two-thirds majority of the members of parliament <i>present at the time</i>, thus excluding the Communist MPs already thrown into jail by the Nazis. This was perfectly legal under the interpretation of the constitution then in force — the constitution could be changed by a two-thirds majority of the members of parliament present at the time with a minimum of two-thirds of the nominal members needed for such a vote. Thus only four-ninths of the actual elected MPs were needed to change the constitution. In common practice, laws that <i>broke</i> the constitution but did not officially alter its text could be passed in the same manner. Also, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_48_(Weimar_Constitution)" class="extiw" title="wp:Article 48 (Weimar Constitution)" rel="nofollow"><span style="color:#477979 !important;" title="Wikipedia: Article 48 (Weimar Constitution)">Article 48 (Weimar Constitution)</span></a><sup><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/12px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" srcset="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/18px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/24px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></sup> gave the President (who though in theory elected by the people, only once got a 50%+1 one vote majority in a popular election — in the 1932 reelection of Paul von Hindenburg) broad powers to govern without parliament, which both Weimar era Presidents did during the 1923 crisis and again during the early 1930s. Even the powers of parliament to repeal such acts were denied through the President's power to dissolve parliament at his whim. If anything, Weimar had <i>too little</i> democracy.</dd></dl> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Science">Science</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_refuted_a_thousand_times&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Science">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <dl><dt>The MMR vaccine is responsible for the worldwide autism epidemic!</dt> <dd><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://howdovaccinescauseautism.com/">No.</a></dd> <dt>Vaccines are dangerous because they contain <a href="/wiki/Mercury" title="Mercury">mercury</a>!</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thiomersal" title="Thiomersal">Thiomersal</a> does contain mercury, but doesn't have the same negative effects as pure mercury does (similarly to how table salt isn't poisonous despite containing <a href="/wiki/Chlorine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlorine">chlorine</a>), and it is in quantities way too small to be dangerous (you get more mercury from eating seafood). Besides, most vaccines in developed countries don't even use thiomersal anymore. And no, mercury does not cause autism either.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[17]</a></sup></dd> <dt>Polio hasn't been eradicated, it was just given a different name!</dt> <dd>Polio has not been eradicated, due to the actions of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">religious</a> <a href="/wiki/Fundamentalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundamentalists">fundamentalists</a> in Nigeria and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>.</dd> <dt>GMOs (foods produced with genetic engineering methods) are toxic and poisonous!</dt> <dd>There is no evidence of GMO foods being any more dangerous to humans than other foods. All foods naturally contain trace amounts of "toxins", and in many cases, GMO crops actually contain <i>less</i> "toxins" than the alternate. As for the GMO crops that contain pesticides and so forth, all of these are safe for humans (and generally in the leaves anyway); chocolate is toxic to dogs, but that doesn't mean humans can't eat it.</dd></dl> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_refuted_a_thousand_times&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Environmentalism">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <dl><dt>A global ban on <a href="/wiki/DDT" title="DDT">DDT</a> killed millions of people in <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>!</dt> <dd>This right-wing <a href="/wiki/Myth" title="Myth">myth</a> has been so completely refuted that there is now a "DDT ban bingo" that refutes every claim made by <a href="/wiki/Roger_Bate" title="Roger Bate">those</a> who still rant about it.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22">[18]</a></sup></dd> <dt>Gas taxes pay for public transit.</dt> <dd>Nope. Neither in any country of Europe nor in the US. In fact, many states in the US outright forbid using gas taxes for public transit.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[19]</a></sup> Cars create a ton of <a href="/wiki/Externalities" title="Externalities">external costs</a> that gas taxes don't even begin to cover. Public subsidies for public transit out of the general fund are minuscule by comparison. Also, as <a href="/wiki/Electric_car" title="Electric car">electric vehicle</a> usage increases, revenue generated from gas taxes is reduced but road usage is not.</dd> <dt>The climate is always changing</dt> <dd>The most common climate myth according to skepticalscience.com,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[20]</a></sup> anybody who has debated <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a> contrarians has heard this one countless times. While it is true that climate changes were occurring long before both humans started burning fossil fuels and their appearance on this planet, this is a logical fallacy, in the same way that it is a fallacy to claim that smoking can't cause forest fires because forest fires existed before humans. Furthermore, climate changes during Earth's history were generally much more gradual, where life could adapt easily, and when <i>rapid</i> climate changes did occur, as is happening now, it usually led to mass extinctions, such as the Permian-Triassic extinction event.</dd></dl> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Donald_Trump">Donald Trump</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_refuted_a_thousand_times&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Donald Trump">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>In honor of <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> added a new rating for their fact checking service in December 2018: "The Bottomless Pinocchio" for false claims "repeated over and over again".<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25">[21]</a></sup> Pity the overworked fact checkers. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_refuted_a_thousand_times&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_comparative_guide_to_science_denial" title="A comparative guide to science denial">A comparative guide to science denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backfire_effect" title="Backfire effect">Backfire effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creationist_escape_hatches" class="mw-redirect" title="Creationist escape hatches">Creationist escape hatches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bingo" title="Category:Bingo">Bingo cards for PRATTs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canard" title="Canard">Canard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logical_fallacy" title="Logical fallacy">Logical fallacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Not_even_wrong" title="Not even wrong">Not even wrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fractal_wrongness" title="Fractal wrongness">Fractal wrongness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crank" title="Crank">Crank</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_refuted_a_thousand_times&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://agahnim.deviantart.com/art/Capt-Occam-vs-The-Prattmaster-35633182">PRATTmaster comics by Agahnim</a> at DeviantART</li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_refuted_a_thousand_times&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="font-size:90%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The website <a href="/wiki/Talk.origins" title="Talk.origins">talk.origins</a> acts as a repository of PRATTs commonly used by creationists, and presents (usually in great detail) their refutations and <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a> behind them. It is a good starting point when facing a creationism-related PRATT.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">This is probably less due to the moral weaknesses of religion itself (which certainly do exist, given religion's <a href="/wiki/Dogma" title="Dogma">reluctance to update itself</a> alongside society as a whole) and more that <a href="/wiki/Fundamentalism" title="Fundamentalism">certain people</a> <a href="/wiki/Bigotry" title="Bigotry">tend to consider themselves inherently "better" than everyone else</a> due to their religion and don't bother to actually treat other people with basic respect. In short, tautological self-righteousness leads to <a href="/wiki/Hypocrisy" title="Hypocrisy">hypocrisy</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">As usual, the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party" title="Republican Party">Republican Party</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Southern_Strategy" title="Southern Strategy">Southern Strategy</a> is to blame for this blatant misinformation,<sup>[<a href="/wiki/Help:References" title="Help:References"><i>citation needed</i></a>]</sup> and it will probably continue until America wises up and outlaws the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party" title="Republican Party">Republican Party</a> from existing.<sup>[<i>citation NOT needed</i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The History News Network has three different articles, by three different historians, from three different institutions, refuting the book: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/122231">The Scholarly Flaws of "Liberal Fascism"</a> by Robert Paxton, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/122247">Poor Scholarship, Wrong Conclusions</a> by Matthew Feldman, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historynewsnetwork.org/article/122245">The Roots of Liberal Fascism: The Book</a> by Chip Berlet.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Point_refuted_a_thousand_times&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; font-size:90%;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4530">No, You Shouldn't Question Everything</a>, Skeptoid</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221105191400/http://www.religioustolerance.org/worldrel.htm">Numbers of adherents of major religions, their geographical distribution, date founded, and sacred texts</a>, ReligiousTolerance.Org</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://puredhamma.net/wp-content/uploads/Morality-in-everyday-life-Science-2014-Hofmann.pdf">Morality in everyday life</a>, Hofmann et al. 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Voltaire">Voltaire</a>, WikiQuote</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01639625.2017.1286183">Religiosity and Crime Revisited: Accounting for Non-Believers</a>, Schroeder et al., <i>Deviant Behavior</i>, 2018, 39(5)632-647</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Perry_v._Schwarzenegger/11:Findings_of_Fact--Whether_The_Evidence_Shows_That_Proposition_8_Enacted_a_Private_Moral_View_Without_Advancing_a_Legitimate_Governmental_Interest">Perry v. Schwarzenegger/11:Findings of Fact--Whether The Evidence Shows That Proposition 8 Enacted a Private Moral View Without Advancing a Legitimate Governmental Interest</a>, WikiSource</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/thermo.html">Thermodynamics, Evolution and Creationism</a>, talk.origins</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-transitional.html">Transitional Vertebrate Fossils</a>, talk.origins</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/evolphil/social.html">Social Darwinism</a>, talk.origins</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.talkorigins.org/indexcc/CA/CA610.html">Evolution is a religion</a>, talk.origins</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://economistsview.typepad.com/economistsview/2007/10/the-great-lie-o.html">The Great Lie of Supply-Side Economics</a>, Economist's View</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/blogs/freeexchange/2008/10/the_wrong_get_wronger">The wrong get wronger</a>, <i>The Economist</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Platoff, Anne M (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historycollection.jsc.nasa.gov/JSCHistoryPortal/history/flag/flag.htm">Where No Flag Has Gone Before: Political and Technical Aspects of Placing a Flag on the Moon</a> (Report). Contractor Report. NASA.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">John J. Ray, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1143131/posts">"HITLER WAS A SOCIALIST"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Free_Republic" title="Free Republic">Free Republic</a> 5.27.05.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://roger-griffin.blogspot.com/2010/01/review-liberal-fascism.html">Roger Griffin destroys Goldberg</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Haynes, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.firstamendmentcenter.org/a-plea-to-politicians-tell-the-truth-about-school-prayer">A Plea to Politicians: Tell the Truth About 'School Prayer'</a>, First Amendment Center</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/mercury-and-autism-enough-already/">Mercury and Autism: Enough Already!</a>, Emily Willingham, <i>Scientific American</i> 3 November 2017</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scienceblogs.com/deltoid/2005/12/21/ddt-ban-myth-bingo/">DDT ban myth bingo</a>, Deltoid</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://t4america.org/2023/02/22/transit-report-card-part-1/">Follow the money: Where does your state stack up on supporting transit?</a>, Transportation for America</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://skepticalscience.com/argument.php">Global Warming & Climate Change Myths</a>, Skepticalscience.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2018/12/10/meet-bottomless-pinocchio-new-rating-false-claim-repeated-over-over-again/">Meet the Bottomless Pinocchio, a new rating for a false claim repeated over and over again</a> by Glenn Kessler (December 10, 2018 at 7:24 AM) <i>The Washington Post</i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div></div><div class="printfooter">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Point_refuted_a_thousand_times&oldid=2695267">https://rationalwiki.org/w/index.php?title=Point_refuted_a_thousand_times&oldid=2695267</a>"</div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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