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from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kilocycle&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilocycle">Kilocycle</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historical synonym for hertz, the unit of frequency</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the unit of frequency. For the unit used to measure ionizing radiation, see <a href="/wiki/Counts_per_minute" title="Counts per minute">counts per minute</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-unit"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Cycle per second</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Octal_base_crystal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Octal_base_crystal.jpg/220px-Octal_base_crystal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Octal_base_crystal.jpg/330px-Octal_base_crystal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Octal_base_crystal.jpg/440px-Octal_base_crystal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A 1 MHz military-grade <a href="/wiki/Crystal_oscillator" title="Crystal oscillator">crystal resonator</a> with an <a href="/wiki/Tube_socket#Octal" title="Tube socket">octal base</a>, marked "1000 KC" for 1000 kilocycles per second.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit of</th><td class="infobox-data">Frequency, rotational frequency</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data">cps, c/s</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Conversions </th></tr><tr class="nowrap"><td>1 cps <i>in ...</i></td><td><i>... is equal to ...</i></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">   </span>SI units</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">   </span>1 Hz=1 s<sup>−1</sup></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p>The <b>cycle per second</b> is a once-common English name for the unit of <a href="/wiki/Frequency" title="Frequency">frequency</a> now known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">hertz</a></i> (Hz). Cycles per second may be denoted by <b>c.p.s.</b>, <b>c/s</b>, or, ambiguously, just "cycles" (Cyc., Cy., C, or c). The term comes from repetitive phenomena such as <a href="/wiki/Sound_wave" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound wave">sound waves</a> having a frequency measurable as a number of oscillations, or cycles, per second.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the organization of the <a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Units" title="International System of Units">International System of Units</a> in 1960, the cycle per second was officially replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">hertz</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Reciprocal_second" class="mw-redirect" title="Reciprocal second">reciprocal second</a>, "s<sup>−1</sup>" or "1/s". Symbolically, "cycle per second" units are "cycle/second", while hertz is "Hz" or "s<sup>−1</sup>".<sup id="cite_ref-Taylor_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For higher frequencies, <i>kilocycles</i> (kc), as an abbreviation of <i>kilocycles per second</i> were often used on components or devices. Other higher units like <i>megacycle</i> (Mc) and less commonly <i>kilomegacycle</i> (kMc) were used before 1960<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in some later documents.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These have modern equivalents such as kilohertz (kHz), megahertz (MHz), and gigahertz (GHz). Following the introduction of the SI standard, use of these terms began to fall off in favor of the new unit, with hertz becoming the dominant convention in both academic and colloquial speech by the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cycle can also be a unit for measuring usage of <a href="/wiki/Reciprocating_motion" title="Reciprocating motion">reciprocating</a> machines, especially <a href="/wiki/Machine_press" title="Machine press">presses</a>, in which cases <i>cycle</i> refers to one complete revolution of the mechanism being measured (i.e. the shaft of a <a href="/wiki/Reciprocating_engine" title="Reciprocating engine">reciprocating engine</a>). </p><p>Derived units include <b>cycles per day</b> (<b>cpd</b>) and <b>cycles per year</b> (<b>cpy</b>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycle_per_second&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Radiokrystaller.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Radiokrystaller.jpg/220px-Radiokrystaller.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Radiokrystaller.jpg/330px-Radiokrystaller.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Radiokrystaller.jpg/440px-Radiokrystaller.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="212" /></a><figcaption>Crystal resonators, the 1940s-era center unit is marked in kc.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycles_per_instruction" title="Cycles per instruction">Cycles per instruction</a> (CPI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycles_per_metre" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycles per metre">Cycles per metre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Hertz" title="Heinrich Hertz">Heinrich Hertz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instructions_per_cycle" title="Instructions per cycle">Instructions per cycle</a> (IPC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instructions_per_second" title="Instructions per second">Instructions per second</a> (IPS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MKS_system_of_units" class="mw-redirect" title="MKS system of units">MKS system of units</a> a predecessor of the SI set of units</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normalized_frequency_(digital_signal_processing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Normalized frequency (digital signal processing)">Normalized frequency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radian_per_second" title="Radian per second">Radian per second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_per_minute" title="Revolutions per minute">Revolutions per minute</a> (RPM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn_(angle)" title="Turn (angle)">Turn (angle)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cycle_per_second&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEwbankLawton1940" class="citation book cs1">Ewbank, Henry Lee; Lawton, Sherman Paxton (1940). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/projectsforradio00ewba"><i>Projects for Radio Speech: A Manual for the Student</i></a></span>. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/projectsforradio00ewba/page/n158">151</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Projects+for+Radio+Speech%3A+A+Manual+for+the+Student&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=151&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Brothers&rft.date=1940&rft.aulast=Ewbank&rft.aufirst=Henry+Lee&rft.au=Lawton%2C+Sherman+Paxton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprojectsforradio00ewba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACycle+per+second" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Taylor-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Taylor_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTaylorThompson2008" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, Barry N.; Thompson, Ambler, eds. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication330e2008.pdf"><i>International System of Units (SI)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Special Publication. Vol. 330 (2008 ed.). Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. p. 27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+System+of+Units+%28SI%29&rft.place=Gaithersburg%2C+MD&rft.series=Special+Publication&rft.pages=27&rft.edition=2008&rft.pub=National+Institute+of+Standards+and+Technology&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnvlpubs.nist.gov%2Fnistpubs%2FLegacy%2FSP%2Fnistspecialpublication330e2008.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACycle+per+second" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrammer1933" class="citation journal cs1">Grammer, George (January 1933). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rfcafe.com/references/qst/rationalizing-autodyne-january-1933-qst.htm">"Rationalizing the Autodyne"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/QST" title="QST">QST</a></i>. <b>XVII</b> (1). West Hartford, CN: American Radio Relay, Inc.: 11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-02</span></span>. <q>The 7000- and 14,000-kc. grid coils are wound with No. 18 enameled wire ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=QST&rft.atitle=Rationalizing+the+Autodyne&rft.volume=XVII&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=11&rft.date=1933-01&rft.aulast=Grammer&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfcafe.com%2Freferences%2Fqst%2Frationalizing-autodyne-january-1933-qst.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACycle+per+second" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGuentzler1967" class="citation journal cs1">Guentzler, Ronald E. (April 1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rfcafe.com/references/qst/monode-noise-generator-april-1967-qst.htm">"The "Monode" Noise Generator"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/QST" title="QST">QST</a></i>. <b>LI</b> (2). West Hartford, CN: American Radio Relay, Inc.: 30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-02</span></span>. <q>The Monode described here is usable at frequencies below 144 Mc. with slight modification.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=QST&rft.atitle=The+%22Monode%22+Noise+Generator&rft.volume=LI&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=30&rft.date=1967-04&rft.aulast=Guentzler&rft.aufirst=Ronald+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfcafe.com%2Freferences%2Fqst%2Fmonode-noise-generator-april-1967-qst.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACycle+per+second" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Kilocycle%2CKilohertz%2CMegacycle%2CMegahertz&case_insensitive=on&year_start=1900&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t4%3B%2CKilocycle%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3Bkilocycle%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BKilocycle%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BKILOCYCLE%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CKilohertz%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3Bkilohertz%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BKilohertz%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BkiloHertz%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BKILOHERTZ%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CMegacycle%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3Bmegacycle%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BMegacycle%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BMEGACYCLE%3B%2Cc0%3B.t4%3B%2CMegahertz%3B%2Cc0%3B%2Cs0%3B%3Bmegahertz%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BMegahertz%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BmegaHertz%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BMegaHertz%3B%2Cc0%3B%3BMEGAHERTZ%3B%2Cc0">"Kilocycle, Kilohertz, Megacycle, Megahertz"</a>. <i>Google Ngram Viewer</i>. 2020-07-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Ngram+Viewer&rft.atitle=Kilocycle%2C+Kilohertz%2C+Megacycle%2C+Megahertz&rft.date=2020-07-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fngrams%2Fgraph%3Fcontent%3DKilocycle%252CKilohertz%252CMegacycle%252CMegahertz%26case_insensitive%3Don%26year_start%3D1900%26year_end%3D2008%26corpus%3D15%26smoothing%3D3%26share%3D%26direct_url%3Dt4%253B%252CKilocycle%253B%252Cc0%253B%252Cs0%253B%253Bkilocycle%253B%252Cc0%253B%253BKilocycle%253B%252Cc0%253B%253BKILOCYCLE%253B%252Cc0%253B.t4%253B%252CKilohertz%253B%252Cc0%253B%252Cs0%253B%253Bkilohertz%253B%252Cc0%253B%253BKilohertz%253B%252Cc0%253B%253BkiloHertz%253B%252Cc0%253B%253BKILOHERTZ%253B%252Cc0%253B.t4%253B%252CMegacycle%253B%252Cc0%253B%252Cs0%253B%253Bmegacycle%253B%252Cc0%253B%253BMegacycle%253B%252Cc0%253B%253BMEGACYCLE%253B%252Cc0%253B.t4%253B%252CMegahertz%253B%252Cc0%253B%252Cs0%253B%253Bmegahertz%253B%252Cc0%253B%253BMegahertz%253B%252Cc0%253B%253BmegaHertz%253B%252Cc0%253B%253BMegaHertz%253B%252Cc0%253B%253BMEGAHERTZ%253B%252Cc0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACycle+per+second" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cycle_per_second&oldid=1202009464">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cycle_per_second&oldid=1202009464</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Units_of_frequency" title="Category:Units of frequency">Units of frequency</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 1 February 2024, at 21:14<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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