Compliance audits | Wolters Kluwer

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field-editorial-publish-date">September 11, 2024</span></div><h1 class="title field-title">Compliance audits in financial services: Techniques and tools for success</h1><div class="author-section"><span>By:</span><span class="author-link field-author-name" data-dm-wk="newsheader.link"><a title="dana-lawrence" href="/en-ca/experts/dana-lawrence">Dana Lawrence, CIA, CRMA, CFSA, CAMS, CRVPM, CCA</a></span></div></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="row component column-splitter"> <div class="col-12 col-md-8 col-lg-1 sticky-wrapper"> <div class="row"> <div class="component social-share vertical col-12"> <div class="component-content"> <div class="share-sticky"><div class="share-wrapper"><div class="share-btn share-btn-linkedin" aria-label="Share on Linkedin"></div><div class="share-btn share-btn-twitter" aria-label=" Share on Twitter"></div><div class="share-btn share-btn-facebook" aria-label="Share on Facebook"></div><div class="share-btn share-btn-mail" aria-label="Share with Mail"></div><div class="share-btn share-btn-print" aria-label="Print"></div><div class="share-btn share-btn-link" aria-label="Copy Link"></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-8 col-lg-6"> <div class="row"> <div class="component row-splitter"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div > <div class="row"></div> </div> </div> <div class="container-fluid"> <div > <div class="row"> <div class="component rich-text article-text"> <div class="component-content"> <p>In the ever evolving industry of financial services, compliance remains a cornerstone of integrity and trust. For internal auditors, auditing compliance is a crucial responsibility that ensures the organization adheres to laws, regulations, and internal policies. This task is particularly challenging given the dynamic regulatory environment, technological advancements, and increasing stakeholder and regulatory expectations. This article explores key aspects of auditing compliance in financial services, offering insights and best practices for internal auditors. </p> <ul> <li><strong><a href="#RegulatoryVSGeneralCompliance" title="Regulatory vs. general compliance">Regulatory vs. general compliance</a></strong> </li> <li><strong><a href="#UnderstandingTheRegulatoryComplianceLandscape" title="Understanding the regulatory compliance landscape">Understanding the regulatory compliance landscape</a></strong> </li> <li><strong><a href="#AuditingCompliance" title="Auditing compliance">Auditing compliance</a></strong> </li> <li><strong><a href="#Conclusion" title="Conclusion">Conclusion</a></strong> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="component rich-text article-text col-12"> <div class="component-content"> <h2 class="article" id="RegulatoryVSGeneralCompliance"><strong>Regulatory vs. general compliance</strong></h2> <p>Regulatory compliance refers to an organization's adherence to mandatory laws, regulations, and guidelines set by governmental or regulatory bodies specific to its industry, with non-compliance leading to legal penalties. In contrast, general compliance encompasses the adherence to internal policies, standards, and best practices aimed at ensuring ethical behavior, operational efficiency, and internal control, applicable across various industries and driven by the organization's values and strategic goals. While regulatory compliance is enforced by external entities, general compliance is monitored internally. The focus of this article will primarily be on regulatory compliance for the financial services industry in the US.</p> <h2 class="article" id="UnderstandingTheRegulatoryComplianceLandscape"><strong>Understanding the regulatory compliance landscape</strong></h2> <p>Regulatory agencies in financial services exist to ensure the safety, integrity, and stability of the financial system. They protect consumers from unfair and deceptive practices, enforce laws to prevent fraud and market manipulation, and ensure financial institutions operate soundly and transparently. These agencies also promote competition, combat money laundering and terrorism financing, and align domestic practices with international standards. By overseeing and enforcing regulations, they help maintain public confidence in the financial system and safeguard the broader economy from financial crises.</p> <p>For further context and clarity, the chart below summarizes the regulatory agencies that oversee financial services in the U.S., along with their roles and functions:</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-fluid"> <div > <div class="row"> <div class="component table col-12"> <div class="component-content"> <div class="table__header"><h2 class="table__title field-title">Regulatory agencies that oversee financial services in the U.S.</h2><div class="table__cta"></div></div><div class="table__content"><div class="field-content"><table style="width: 670px; height: 100%;"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="table-light-blue" style="text-align: center;"><strong> Agency</strong></td> <td class="table-light-blue" style="text-align: center;"><strong> Role</strong></td> <td class="table-light-blue" style="text-align: center;"><strong> Functions</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>  <p style="line-height: normal;"><strong>Federal Reserve System (FRB)</strong></p> </td> <td>  <p style="line-height: normal;">Central bank overseeing and regulating banks, maintaining financial stability.</p> </td> <td>  <p style="line-height: normal;">Conducts monetary policy, supervises banks, maintains stability, provides financial services.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>  <p style="line-height: normal;"><strong>Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC)</strong></p> </td> <td>  <p style="line-height: normal;">Charters, regulates, and supervises national banks and federal savings associations.</p> </td> <td>  <p style="line-height: normal;">Ensures safe and sound operation, fair access to services, enforces anti-money laundering.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>  <p style="line-height: normal;"><strong>Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)</strong></p> </td> <td>  <p style="line-height: normal;">Insures deposits, supervises institutions for safety and soundness, manages receiverships.</p> </td> <td>  <p style="line-height: normal;">Provides deposit insurance, supervises for consumer protection, manages bank failures.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>  <p style="line-height: normal;"><strong>Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)</strong></p> </td> <td>  <p style="line-height: normal;">Regulates and enforces securities laws, oversees exchanges and brokers.</p> </td> <td>  <p style="line-height: normal;">Oversees exchanges and firms, enforces market laws, ensures disclosure.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>  <p style="line-height: normal;"><strong>Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB)</strong></p> </td> <td>  <p style="line-height: normal;">Ensures fair treatment of consumers by financial institutions.</p> </td> <td>  <p style="line-height: normal;">Enforces consumer financial laws, supervises companies, educates consumers.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>  <p style="line-height: normal;"><strong>Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA)</strong></p> </td> <td>  <p style="line-height: normal;">Self-regulatory organization overseeing brokerage firms and exchange markets.</p> </td> <td>  <p style="line-height: normal;">Ensures fair broker-dealer operations, enforces ethical standards, provides dispute resolution.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>  <p style="line-height: normal;"><strong>National Credit Union Administration (NCUA)</strong></p> </td> <td>  <p style="line-height: normal;">Charters and supervises federal credit unions.</p> </td> <td>  <p style="line-height: normal;">Ensures safety and soundness of credit unions, insures deposits, provides guidance.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>  <p style="line-height: normal;"><strong>Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC)</strong></p> </td> <td>  <p style="line-height: normal;">Regulates U.S. derivatives markets, including futures and swaps.</p> </td> <td>  <p style="line-height: normal;">Protects against fraud and manipulation in derivatives markets, ensures market integrity.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>  <p style="line-height: normal;"><strong>Department of the Treasury</strong></p> </td> <td>  <p style="line-height: normal;">Oversees the nation's economic and financial systems.</p> </td> <td>  <p style="line-height: normal;">Manages federal finances, collects taxes, regulates national banks.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>State Regulatory Agencies</strong></td> <td>Oversees state-chartered banks, credit unions, and other financial institutions within the state.</td> <td>Enforces state banking laws, supervises state-chartered institutions, protects consumers. Can include state consumer privacy laws like California Consumer Protection Agency (CCPA).</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br class="t-last-br" /> <br class="t-last-br" /></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="component wk-container col-12 container-with-cards"> <div class="component-content"> <div class="title field-title" role="heading" aria-level="2">View a demo</div><div class="row"> <div class="row component column-splitter"> <div class="col-12 col-md-10 offset-md-1"> <div class="row"> <div class="component cards default gray-background col-12"> <div class="component-content"> <div class="link-wrapper"><div class="card-image field-cardimage"><image width="1428" height="952" alt="TeamMate+ Audit Management Software" src="https://assets.contenthub.wolterskluwer.com/api/public/content/2346972f07884e129f44c912d72113d0?v=952aca56" stylelabs-content-id="292605" stylelabs-content-type="Image" thumbnailsrc="https://contenthub.wolterskluwer.com/api/gateway/292605/thumbnail" srcset="https://assets.contenthub.wolterskluwer.com/api/public/content/2346972f07884e129f44c912d72113d0?v=952aca56&t=w479l 479w,https://assets.contenthub.wolterskluwer.com/api/public/content/2346972f07884e129f44c912d72113d0?v=952aca56&t=w505l 505w,https://assets.contenthub.wolterskluwer.com/api/public/content/2346972f07884e129f44c912d72113d0?v=952aca56&t=w543l 543w,https://assets.contenthub.wolterskluwer.com/api/public/content/2346972f07884e129f44c912d72113d0?v=952aca56&t=w672l 672w,https://assets.contenthub.wolterskluwer.com/api/public/content/2346972f07884e129f44c912d72113d0?v=952aca56&t=w733l 733w" loading="lazy" data-variantitemid="{89C76572-1CA4-4A32-81AB-933256EF6E21}" sizes="(max-width:539px) 505px, (max-width:767px) 733px, (max-width:991px) 479px, (max-width:1199px) 543px, (max-width:1440px) 672px, 672px" format="" data-variantfieldname="CardImage"></image></div><div class="card-content"><div class="text-wrapper"><div class="card-title field-cardtitle" role="heading" aria-level="3">TeamMate+ Audit</div><div class="card-description field-carddescription">As the world’s leading audit management software, TeamMate has revolutionized the industry, empowering audit departments of all sizes. Join us for a demonstration of TeamMate+ Audit’s most powerful benefits leading audit evolution.<br /><br style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /> <strong style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">Length:</strong> 2 minutes, 54 seconds</div></div><div class="card-cta field-cardbuttonlabel"><a href="/en-ca/know/teammate-audit-demonstration">View Demo</a></div></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> <div class="component rich-text article-text col-12"> <div class="component-content"> <h2 class="article" id="AuditingCompliance"><strong>Auditing compliance</strong></h2> <p>Performing audits on compliance in financial services requires a comprehensive and systematic approach to ensure that the organization adheres to regulatory requirements and internal policies. While general internal audit best practices apply (i.e., planning, risk assessment, testing, reporting, follow-up, etc.), the following is a list of additional considerations: </p> <ul> <li><strong>Understanding the regulatory environment</strong> <ul> <li>Familiarize yourself with the scope of key regulations applicable to the financial institution such as the <a href="https://www.cftc.gov/LawRegulation/DoddFrankAct/index.htm" target="_blank" title="Dodd-Frank Act">Dodd-Frank Act</a>, <a href="https://sarbanes-oxley-act.com/" target="_blank" title="Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX)">Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX),</a> <a href="https://www.occ.treas.gov/topics/supervision-and-examination/bsa/index-bsa.html" target="_blank" title="Bank Secrecy Act (BSA)">Bank Secrecy Act (BSA)</a>, <a href="https://www.finra.org/rules-guidance/key-topics/aml" target="_blank" title="Anti-Money Laundering (AML)">Anti-Money Laundering (AML)</a> regulations, and other relevant local and international regulations. Consider the potential impact of non-compliance, including legal penalties, financial losses, and reputational damage.</li> <li>Stay updated on any changes in regulations and emerging compliance trends. Consider having a subject matter expert(s) (SME) on your internal audit team that focuses on compliance.</li> <li>Review relevant enforcement actions in the industry that may be applicable to the financial institution. This data can be indicative of key areas of regulatory focus.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Planning considerations</strong> <ul> <li>Review the organization’s compliance risk assessment as a reference point. Does it include all relevant risk areas?</li> <li>Review the scope of monitoring and testing performed by the compliance function. Testing performed outside of internal audit may provide valuable insight into the effectiveness of internal controls and where to focus internal audit coverage.</li> <li>Consider the timing of higher risk compliance internal audits against the organization’s regulatory audit schedule. Feedback from an internal audit can help an area improve prior to a regulatory examination.</li> <li>Some compliance audits have a set cadence outlined by regulatory expectations or internal policy, which should be reflected in the overall audit plan. For instance, according to the NACHA Operating Rules, financial institutions, third-party service providers and third-party senders must complete an ACH audit annually by December 31<sup>st</sup>.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Conducting the audit</strong> <ul> <li>Ensure that the organization’s policies and procedures are up-to-date and align with regulatory requirements.</li> <li>Perform detailed testing of compliance procedures to ensure they meet regulatory requirements.</li> <li>Ensure that required reports are filed timely with regulatory authorities.</li> <li>Remember that any compliance internal audits may be viewed and scrutinized by regulators for years to come. With this in mind, take extra care to ensure that audit workpapers and reporting are thoroughly reviewed and meet the highest quality standards.</li> <li>Document findings, including any instances of non-compliance, control weaknesses, and areas for improvement.</li> <li>Share the audit report with senior management, the compliance committee, and other relevant stakeholders. Ensure that findings are understood and that there is a commitment to addressing them.</li> <li>Leverage technology, such as <a href="/en-ca/solutions/teammate/teammate-analytics">data analytics</a> and <a href="/en-ca/solutions/teammate/teammate-audit">audit management software</a>, to improve audit efficiency and accuracy.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong>Ongoing</strong> <ul> <li>Monitor the implementation of audit recommendations to ensure that corrective actions are taken. Be sure to document monitoring and follow-up activities. Conduct follow-up testing as necessary to verify that issues have been resolved.</li> <li>Keep abreast of changes in the regulatory environment and emerging compliance risks. Participate in relevant training and professional development opportunities. The regulatory bodies listed in this article all provide ongoing education including web-based content and webinars.</li> <li>Consider having a compliance SME for your internal audit team that is able to provide updates on regulatory changes to the group.</li> <li>Work productively with the organization’s compliance function to ensure alignment and cooperation. Share insights and best practices to strengthen the overall compliance framework.</li> <li>Consider signing up for TeamMate’s <a href="/en-ca/solutions/teammate/articles">Monthly Expert Insights</a> to stay up to date on all things internal audit. </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>By following this approach, financial services auditors can effectively assess and enhance their organization’s compliance posture, help to ensure adherence to regulatory requirements, and mitigate compliance risks.</p> <h2 class="article" id="Conclusion"><strong>Conclusion</strong></h2> <p>Auditing compliance is crucial because it provides an independent and objective evaluation of an organization’s adherence to regulatory requirements and internal policies, ensuring that controls are effective and risks are managed. This process not only supports the overall compliance framework by identifying and addressing gaps and weaknesses but also enhances the organization's credibility and trustworthiness. 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