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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Prehistory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portuguese_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portuguese_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Portuguese period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portuguese_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Contemporary period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subdivisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subdivisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Subdivisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subdivisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Government and politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government and politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tourism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historic_sites_and_neighbourhoods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_sites_and_neighbourhoods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Historic sites and neighbourhoods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_sites_and_neighbourhoods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums_and_science_centre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums_and_science_centre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Museums and science centre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums_and_science_centre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beaches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beaches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Beaches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beaches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dance_and_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dance_and_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Dance and music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dance_and_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theatre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Theatre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konkani_cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konkani_cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Konkani cinema</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konkani_cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Food" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Food"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.4</span> <span>Food</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Food-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.5</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_and_communication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_and_communication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Media and communication</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_and_communication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.3</span> <span>Rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.4</span> <span>Metro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Skybus_Metro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Skybus_Metro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.5</span> <span>Skybus Metro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Skybus_Metro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.6</span> <span>Sea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organised_crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organised_crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Organised crime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organised_crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Sister states</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Goa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 128 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-128" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">128 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%8E%E1%8B%8B" title="ጎዋ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጎዋ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="गोवा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="गोवा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%A7" title="غوا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غوا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%BE" title="গোৱা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="গোৱা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="गोवा – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="गोवा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qoa" title="Qoa – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qoa" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7" title="قوا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قوا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa,_India" title="Goa, India – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Goa, India" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="গোয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গোয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B0" title="Гоа – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гоа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B0" title="Гоа – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гоа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="गोवा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="गोवा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B0" title="Гоа – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Гоа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B7%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A0%E0%BC%8D" title="གྷོའ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གྷོའ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B0" title="Гоа – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Гоа" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa_(estado)" title="Goa (estado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Goa (estado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa_(st%C3%A1t)" title="Goa (stát) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Goa (stát)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8E%DE%AF%DE%88%DE%A7" title="ގޯވާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ގޯވާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="गोवा – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="गोवा" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa_osariik" title="Goa osariik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Goa osariik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%B1" title="Γκόα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκόα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goao" title="Goao – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Goao" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7" title="گوا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گوا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%97%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE" title="ગોવા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ગોવા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AF" title="गोंय – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="गोंय" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%95%84%EC%A3%BC" title="고아주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고아주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%B8%D5%A1" title="Գոա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գոա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="गोवा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गोवा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%B1%E0%A6%BE" title="গৱা – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="গৱা" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa,_India" title="Goa, India – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Goa, India" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%C3%A6" title="Гоæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Гоæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B3a_(fylki)" title="Góa (fylki) – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Góa (fylki)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94" title="גואה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גואה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B5" title="ಗೋವ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗೋವ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%A8%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98)" title="გოა (შტატი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გოა (შტატი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7" title="گوا – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="گوا" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B0" title="Гоа – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гоа" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="गोवा – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="गोवा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B0" title="Гоа – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Гоа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B5" title="ഗോവ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗോവ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="गोवा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गोवा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%90" title="გოა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გოა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7" title="جوا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جوا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A2" title="گوآ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گوآ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A7%EA%AF%8B%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯒꯧꯋꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯒꯧꯋꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B0" title="Гоа – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гоа" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="ဂေါအာပြည်နယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂေါအာပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa_(India)" title="Goa (India) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Goa (India)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="गोवा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="गोवा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="गोवा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="गोवा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B4%E3%82%A2%E5%B7%9E" title="ゴア州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゴア州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B0" title="Гоа – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Гоа" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa_(Bundesstoot_uun_Inje)" title="Goa (Bundesstoot uun Inje) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Goa (Bundesstoot uun Inje)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%86" title="ଗୋଆ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଗୋଆ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%86" title="ਗੋਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੋਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7" title="گوا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گوا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7" title="گوا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="گوا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B0" title="Гоа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гоа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="गोवाराज्यम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="गोवाराज्यम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱜᱳᱣᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱜᱳᱣᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7" title="گووا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="گووا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B0" title="Гоа – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гоа" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE_(%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D)" title="கோவா (மாநிலம்) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கோவா (மாநிலம்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B0" title="Гоа – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гоа" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE" title="గోవా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గోవా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7" title="รัฐกัว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐกัว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B0" title="Гоа – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гоа" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE" title="ಗೋವಾ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಗೋವಾ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B0" title="Гоа – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гоа" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7" title="گوا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گوا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E9%98%BF%E9%82%A6" title="果阿邦 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="果阿邦" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa" title="Goa – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Goa" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E9%98%BF" title="果阿 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="果阿" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9E%9C%E9%98%BF%E9%82%A6" title="果阿邦 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="果阿邦" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Goa&params=15.50_N_73.83_E_type:adm1st_region:IN-GA"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">15°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">73°50′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">15.50°N 73.83°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">15.50; 73.83</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in Western India</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Goa_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Goa (disambiguation)">Goa (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Gao" title="Gao">Gao</a> or <a href="/wiki/Goy" title="Goy">Goy</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in West India, India</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Goa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">State of Goa</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style=";height:192px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shantadurga_temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Shantadurga_temple.jpg/288px-Shantadurga_temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Shantadurga_temple.jpg/432px-Shantadurga_temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Shantadurga_temple.jpg/576px-Shantadurga_temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="669" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Shanta_Durga_Temple" title="Shanta Durga Temple">Shanta Durga Temple</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div style=";height:100px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DoodhSagar_Waterfalls.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/DoodhSagar_Waterfalls.jpg/134px-DoodhSagar_Waterfalls.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/DoodhSagar_Waterfalls.jpg/201px-DoodhSagar_Waterfalls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/DoodhSagar_Waterfalls.jpg/268px-DoodhSagar_Waterfalls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="552" data-file-height="414" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Dudhsagar_Falls" title="Dudhsagar Falls">Dudhsagar Falls</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div style=";height:100px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mangueshi_Temple_Goa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Mangueshi_Temple_Goa.jpg/150px-Mangueshi_Temple_Goa.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Mangueshi_Temple_Goa.jpg/225px-Mangueshi_Temple_Goa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Mangueshi_Temple_Goa.jpg/300px-Mangueshi_Temple_Goa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Mangueshi_Temple" title="Mangueshi Temple">Mangueshi Temple</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div style=";height:100px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gallery_de_Fontainhas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Gallery_de_Fontainhas.jpg/150px-Gallery_de_Fontainhas.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Gallery_de_Fontainhas.jpg/225px-Gallery_de_Fontainhas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Gallery_de_Fontainhas.jpg/300px-Gallery_de_Fontainhas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Fontainhas_(quarter)" title="Fontainhas (quarter)">Gallery de Fontainhas</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div style=";height:100px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Goa_Church_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Old_Goa_Church_01.jpg/134px-Old_Goa_Church_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Old_Goa_Church_01.jpg/201px-Old_Goa_Church_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Old_Goa_Church_01.jpg/268px-Old_Goa_Church_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Bom_Jesus" title="Basilica of Bom Jesus">Basilica of Bom Jesus</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style=";height:162px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BeachFun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/BeachFun.jpg/288px-BeachFun.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/BeachFun.jpg/432px-BeachFun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/BeachFun.jpg/576px-BeachFun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4640" data-file-height="2610" /></a></span></div><div>A beach in <a href="/wiki/South_Goa" class="mw-redirect" title="South Goa">South Goa</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Goa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Goa"><img alt="Official emblem of Goa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/26/Emblem_of_Goa.svg/125px-Emblem_of_Goa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/26/Emblem_of_Goa.svg/188px-Emblem_of_Goa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/26/Emblem_of_Goa.svg/250px-Emblem_of_Goa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="236" data-file-height="341" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Goa" title="Emblem of Goa">Emblem of Goa</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">"Pearl of the Orient"</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_mottos" title="List of Indian state mottos">Motto(s)</a>: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Sarve Bhadrāṇi Paśyantu Mā Kaścid Duḥkhamāpnuyāt <br /> (May everyone see goodness, may none suffer any pain)</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IN-GA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of Goa in India"><img alt="The map of India showing Goa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/IN-GA.svg/300px-IN-GA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/IN-GA.svg/450px-IN-GA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/IN-GA.svg/600px-IN-GA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="583" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of Goa in India</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Goa&params=15.50_N_73.83_E_type:adm1st_region:IN-GA"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">15°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">73°50′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">15.50°N 73.83°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">15.50; 73.83</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Administrative divisions of India">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/West_India" class="mw-redirect" title="West India">West India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="height:0px"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Before was</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Goa,_Daman_and_Diu" title="Goa, Daman and Diu">Goa, Daman and Diu</a></td></tr><tr class="[[Goa, Daman and Diu]] mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Admission to union</th><td class="infobox-data">19 December 1961</td></tr><tr class="[[Goa, Daman and Diu]] mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_foundation_days" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian state foundation days">Formation</a><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_foundation_days" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian state foundation days">by bifurcation</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">30 May 1987</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capital</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Panaji" title="Panaji">Panaji</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India_by_population" title="List of cities in India by population">Largest city</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama,_Goa" title="Vasco da Gama, Goa">Vasco da Gama, Goa</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_India" title="List of districts in India">Districts</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Goa" title="List of districts of Goa">2</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Goa" title="Government of Goa">Government of Goa</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Goa" title="List of governors of Goa">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/P._S._Sreedharan_Pillai" title="P. S. Sreedharan Pillai">P. S. Sreedharan Pillai</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Goa" title="List of chief ministers of Goa">Chief minister</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pramod_Sawant" title="Pramod Sawant">Pramod Sawant</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/State_Legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="State Legislature">State Legislature</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Unicameral</b></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/State_legislative_assemblies_of_India" title="State legislative assemblies of India">Assembly</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Goa_Legislative_Assembly" title="Goa Legislative Assembly">Goa Legislative Assembly</a> (<a href="/wiki/Goa_Legislative_Assembly" title="Goa Legislative Assembly">40 seats</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National Parliament</th><td class="infobox-data"><b><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a></b></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_Rajya_Sabha#Goa" title="List of current members of the Rajya Sabha">1 seat</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_18th_Lok_Sabha#Goa" title="List of members of the 18th Lok Sabha">2 seats</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/High_courts_of_India" title="High courts of India">High Court</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bombay_High_Court" title="Bombay High Court">Bombay High Court</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,702 km<sup>2</sup> (1,429 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_area" title="List of states and union territories of India by area">28th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,020 m (3,350 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2011)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Neutral increase"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /></span></span> 1,458,545</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_population" title="List of states and union territories of India by population">28th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">380/km<sup>2</sup> (1,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">62.17%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rural<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">37.83%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Goenkar, <a href="/wiki/Goans" title="Goans">Goan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Language<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_with_official_status_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages with official status in India">Official</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Languages_with_official_status_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages with official status in India">Additional official</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Official_scripts_of_the_Indian_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Official scripts of the Indian Republic">Official script</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanagari script">Devanagari script</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="GDP">GDP</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-MOSPI_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOSPI-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2023–2024)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span><span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">₹</a></span>1.0 trillion</span> (US$12 billion)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_GDP" title="List of Indian states and union territories by GDP">23rd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span><span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indian_rupee" title="Indian rupee">₹</a></span>583,389</span> (US$7,000) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of Indian states and union territories by GDP per capita">1st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B05:30" title="UTC+05:30">UTC+05:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:IN" title="ISO 3166-2:IN">IN-GA</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Regional_Transport_Office_districts_in_India" title="List of Regional Transport Office districts in India">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">GA</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2022)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.806 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#090">Very High</span><sup id="cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobalDataLab-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Indian states and union territories by Human Development Index">3rd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Literacy" title="Literacy">Literacy</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2018)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Neutral increase"><img alt="Neutral increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/11px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/17px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Increase_Neutral.svg/22px-Increase_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /></span></span> 88.70 (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_literacy_rate" title="List of Indian states and union territories by literacy rate">5th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Sex_ratio" title="Sex ratio">Sex ratio</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2011)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">974<a href="/wiki/Female" title="Female">♀</a>/1000 <a href="/wiki/Male" title="Male">♂</a><sup id="cite_ref-pc-census2011_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc-census2011-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_sex_ratio" title="List of states and union territories of India by sex ratio">34th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://goa.gov.in">goa<wbr />.gov<wbr />.in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1141396924">.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-none{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-center{float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-title{font-size:120%}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols .infobox-subheader{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cddeff}.mw-parser-output .ib-region-symbols-island{font-weight:bold;background-color:#cef2e0}</style></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Symbols of Goa</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Goa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/26/Emblem_of_Goa.svg/80px-Emblem_of_Goa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/26/Emblem_of_Goa.svg/120px-Emblem_of_Goa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/26/Emblem_of_Goa.svg/160px-Emblem_of_Goa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="236" data-file-height="341" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Goa" title="Emblem of Goa">Emblem of Goa</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="height:0px"></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_foundation_days" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian state foundation days">Foundation day</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Goa_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Goa Day">Goa Day</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_birds" title="List of Indian state birds">Bird</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Flame-throated_bulbul" title="Flame-throated bulbul">Flame-throated bulbul</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_flowers" title="List of Indian state flowers">Flower</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jasmine" title="Jasmine">Jasmine</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fruit</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cashew" title="Cashew">Cashew</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_animals" title="List of Indian state animals">Mammal</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gaur" title="Gaur">Gaur</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_trees" title="List of Indian state trees">Tree</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Terminalia_elliptica" title="Terminalia elliptica">Matti Terminalia crenulata</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_state_symbols" title="List of Indian state symbols">List of Indian state symbols</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Goamap.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Goamap.png/220px-Goamap.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Goamap.png/330px-Goamap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Goamap.png/440px-Goamap.png 2x" data-file-width="795" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Goa</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Konkani:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="kok-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ɡõːj]</a></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Portuguese:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[ˈɡoɐ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/a5\/Goa.ogg\/Goa.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Goa.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/Goa.ogg/Goa.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Goa.ogg" title="File:Goa.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">state</a> on the southwestern coast of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Konkan" title="Konkan">Konkan</a> region, geographically separated from the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan highlands</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is bound by the <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> states of <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> to the north, and <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> to the east and south, with the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a> in the west. It is India's smallest state by area and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_India_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of states and territories of India by population">fourth-smallest by population</a>. Goa has the highest <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_union_territories_by_GDP_per_capita" title="List of Indian states and union territories by GDP per capita">GDP per capita</a> among all Indian states,<sup id="cite_ref-MOSPI_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOSPI-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> two and a half times as high as the GDP per capita of the country as a whole.<sup id="cite_ref-report_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-report-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Finance_Commission" title="Eleventh Finance Commission">Eleventh Finance Commission</a> of India named Goa the best-placed state because of its infrastructure, and India's <a href="/wiki/National_Commission_on_Population" title="National Commission on Population">National Commission on Population</a> rated it as having the best quality of life in India (based on the commission's "12 Indicators").<sup id="cite_ref-report_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-report-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_states_and_territories_by_Human_Development_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indian states and territories by Human Development Index">second-highest ranking</a> among Indian states in the <a href="/wiki/Human_development_index" class="mw-redirect" title="Human development index">human development index</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobalDataLab-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Panaji" title="Panaji">Panaji</a> is the state's capital, while <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama,_Goa" title="Vasco da Gama, Goa">Vasco da Gama</a> is its largest city. The historic city of <a href="/wiki/Margao" title="Margao">Margão</a> in Goa still exhibits the cultural influence of the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese culture">Portuguese</a>, who <a href="/wiki/Discovery_of_the_sea_route_to_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Discovery of the sea route to India">first voyaged to the subcontinent</a> in the early 16th century as merchants, and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_conquest_of_Goa" title="Portuguese conquest of Goa">conquered</a> it soon thereafter, whereupon Goa became an <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_of_the_Portuguese_Empire" title="List of states of the Portuguese Empire">overseas territory of the Portuguese Empire</a>, part of what was then known as <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a>, and remained as such for about 456 years until it was <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">annexed by India</a> in 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Goa's official language, which is spoken by a majority of its inhabitants, is <a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a>. </p><p>Goa is visited by large numbers of international and domestic tourists each year because of its white-sand beaches, active nightlife, places of worship, and <a href="/wiki/Old_Goa" title="Old Goa">World Heritage-listed architecture</a>. It also has rich flora and fauna because it lies very close to the <a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">North Western Ghats rainforests</a>, one of the rare <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_hotspot" title="Biodiversity hotspot">biodiversity hotspots</a> of the world. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Bahmani_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahmani Sultanate">Bahmani</a>-<a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Bijapur" title="Sultanate of Bijapur">Bijapuri</a> city of Goa was captured by <a href="/wiki/Afonso_de_Albuquerque" title="Afonso de Albuquerque">Afonso de Albuquerque</a> in 1510, and made the capital of the <i><a href="/wiki/Estado_da_%C3%8Dndia" class="mw-redirect" title="Estado da Índia">Estado da Índia</a></i>, the city gave its name to the contiguous territories.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The origin of the city name "Goa" is unclear. In ancient <a href="/wiki/Literature" title="Literature">literature</a>, Goa was known by many names, such as <i>Gomanchala</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Gopakapattana" title="Gopakapattana">Gopakapattana</a></i>, <i>Gopakapattam</i>, <i>Gopakapuri</i>, <i>Govapuri</i>, <i>Govem</i>, and <i>Gomantak</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-nic1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nic1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other historical names for Goa are <i>Sindapur</i>, <i>Sandabur</i>, and <i>Mahassapatam</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-sakname_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sakname-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Goa" title="History of Goa">History of Goa</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prehistory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Usgalimal.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Usgalimal.PNG/220px-Usgalimal.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Usgalimal.PNG/330px-Usgalimal.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Usgalimal.PNG/440px-Usgalimal.PNG 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="448" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Usgalimal_rock_engravings" title="Usgalimal rock engravings">Usgalimal rock engravings</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Rock art engravings found in Goa are one of the earliest known traces of human life in India.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Goa, situated within the Shimoga-Goa Greenstone Belt in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a> (an area composed of <a href="/wiki/Metavolcanic_rock" title="Metavolcanic rock">metavolcanics</a>, iron formations and ferruginous quartzite), yields evidence for <a href="/wiki/Acheulean" title="Acheulean">Acheulean</a> occupation.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rock_art" title="Rock art">Rock art</a> engravings (petroglyphs) are present on laterite platforms and granite boulders in <a href="/wiki/Usgalimal_rock_engravings" title="Usgalimal rock engravings">Usgalimal</a> near the west flowing <a href="/wiki/Kushavathi_Reservoir" class="mw-redirect" title="Kushavathi Reservoir">Kushavati river</a> and in Kajur.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Kajur, the rock engravings of animals, tectiforms and other designs in granite have been associated with what is considered to be a megalithic stone circle with a round granite stone in the centre.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Petroglyph" title="Petroglyph">Petroglyphs</a>, cones, stone-axe, and choppers dating to 10,000 years ago have been found in various locations in Goa, including Kazur, Mauxim, and the <a href="/wiki/Mandovi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandovi">Mandovi</a>-<a href="/wiki/Zuari" class="mw-redirect" title="Zuari">Zuari</a> basin.<sup id="cite_ref-axe_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-axe-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recently these petroglyphs have been included in the tentative <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_India" title="List of World Heritage Sites in India">list of UNESCO world heritage sites</a>. </p><p>Evidence of <a href="/wiki/Paleolithic" title="Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a> life is visible at Dabolim, Adkon, Shigao, Fatorpa, Arli, Maulinguinim, Diwar, Sanguem, Pilerne, and Aquem-Margaon. Difficulty in <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dating" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon dating">carbon dating</a> the laterite rock compounds poses a problem for determining the exact time period.<sup id="cite_ref-NIO_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIO-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early Goan society underwent radical change when <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_peoples" title="Indo-Aryan peoples">Indo-Aryan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Dravidian people">Dravidian</a> migrants amalgamated with the aboriginal locals, forming the base of early Goan culture.<sup id="cite_ref-dhume2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dhume2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 3rd century BC, Goa was part of the <a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya Empire</a>, ruled by the Buddhist emperor, <a href="/wiki/Ashoka" title="Ashoka">Ashoka</a> of <a href="/wiki/Magadha_(Mahajanapada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magadha (Mahajanapada)">Magadha</a>. Buddhist monks laid the foundation of <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> in Goa. Between the 2nd century BC and the 6th century AD, Goa was ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Bhojas_of_Goa" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhojas of Goa">Bhojas of Goa</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chutu" class="mw-redirect" title="Chutu">Chutus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Karwar" title="Karwar">Karwar</a> also ruled some parts as <a href="/wiki/Feudatories" class="mw-redirect" title="Feudatories">feudatories</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Satavahana" class="mw-redirect" title="Satavahana">Satavahanas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kolhapur" title="Kolhapur">Kolhapur</a> (2nd century BC to the 2nd century AD), <a href="/wiki/Western_Kshatrapas" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Kshatrapas">Western Kshatrapas</a> (around 150 AD), the <a href="/wiki/Abhira_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Abhira tribe">Abhiras</a> of Western Maharashtra, <a href="/wiki/Bhojas_of_Goa" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhojas of Goa">Bhojas of Goa</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Mauryas_of_Puri" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauryas of Puri">Konkan Mauryas</a> as feudatories of the <a href="/wiki/Kalachuris_of_Mahishmati" title="Kalachuris of Mahishmati">Kalachuris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rule later passed to the Chalukyas of <a href="/wiki/Badami" title="Badami">Badami</a>, who controlled it between 578 and 753, and later the <a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashtrakuta">Rashtrakutas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Malkhed" class="mw-redirect" title="Malkhed">Malkhed</a> from 753 to 963. From 765 to 1015, the Southern <a href="/wiki/Silhara" class="mw-redirect" title="Silhara">Silharas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Konkan" title="Konkan">Konkan</a> ruled Goa as the feudatories of the Chalukyas and the Rashtrakutas.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over the next few centuries, Goa was successively ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Kadambas_of_Goa" title="Kadambas of Goa">Kadambas</a> as the feudatories of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Chalukya_Empire" title="Western Chalukya Empire">Chalukyas of Kalyani</a>. They patronised <a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Goa" title="Jainism in Goa">Jainism in Goa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1312, Goa came under the governance of the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate" title="Delhi Sultanate">Delhi Sultanate</a>. The kingdom's grip on the region was weak, and by 1370 it was forced to surrender it to <a href="/wiki/Harihara_I" title="Harihara I">Harihara I</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a>. The Vijayanagara monarchs held on to the territory until 1469 when it was appropriated by the <a href="/wiki/Bahmani_Sultanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahmani Sultanate">Bahmani Sultanate</a>. After that dynasty crumbled, the area fell into the hands of the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Bijapur" title="Sultanate of Bijapur">Sultanate of Bijapur</a>, who established as their auxiliary capital the city known under the Portuguese as <a href="/wiki/Velha_Goa" class="mw-redirect" title="Velha Goa">Velha Goa</a> (or Old Goa).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 240.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 238.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mahadev_Temple,_Tambdi_Surla_(12th_century).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Mahadev Temple, attributed to the Kadambas of Goa, in what is today Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park"><img alt="The Mahadev Temple, attributed to the Kadambas of Goa, in what is today Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Mahadev_Temple%2C_Tambdi_Surla_%2812th_century%29.jpg/358px-Mahadev_Temple%2C_Tambdi_Surla_%2812th_century%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="239" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Mahadev_Temple%2C_Tambdi_Surla_%2812th_century%29.jpg/537px-Mahadev_Temple%2C_Tambdi_Surla_%2812th_century%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Mahadev_Temple%2C_Tambdi_Surla_%2812th_century%29.jpg/715px-Mahadev_Temple%2C_Tambdi_Surla_%2812th_century%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1836" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Mahadev_Temple,_Tambdi_Surla" title="Mahadev Temple, Tambdi Surla">Mahadev Temple</a>, attributed to the <a href="/wiki/Kadambas_of_Goa" title="Kadambas of Goa">Kadambas of Goa</a>, in what is today <a href="/wiki/Bhagwan_Mahaveer_Sanctuary_and_Mollem_National_Park" title="Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park">Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 272.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kadamba.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Gold coins issued by the Kadamba king of Goa, Shivachitta Paramadideva, c. 1147–1187 CE"><img alt="Gold coins issued by the Kadamba king of Goa, Shivachitta Paramadideva, c. 1147–1187 CE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Kadamba.PNG/406px-Kadamba.PNG" decoding="async" width="271" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Kadamba.PNG/610px-Kadamba.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Kadamba.PNG 2x" data-file-width="729" data-file-height="361" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gold coins issued by the Kadamba king of Goa, Shivachitta Paramadideva, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1147–1187 CE</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portuguese_period">Portuguese period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Portuguese period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Se%E2%80%99_Cathedral,_Goa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Se%E2%80%99_Cathedral%2C_Goa.jpg/220px-Se%E2%80%99_Cathedral%2C_Goa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Se%E2%80%99_Cathedral%2C_Goa.jpg/330px-Se%E2%80%99_Cathedral%2C_Goa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Se%E2%80%99_Cathedral%2C_Goa.jpg/440px-Se%E2%80%99_Cathedral%2C_Goa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>The 1619 <a href="/wiki/Se_Cathedral" title="Se Cathedral">Se Cathedral</a> at <a href="/wiki/Old_Goa" title="Old Goa">Old Goa</a> is an example of Portuguese architecture and is one of the largest churches in Asia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1510, the Portuguese defeated the ruling Bijapur sultan <a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Adil_Shah" title="Yusuf Adil Shah">Yusuf Adil Shah</a> with the help of a local ally, Thimmayya<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Timoji" title="Timoji">Timoji</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">privateer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They set up a permanent settlement in <i>Velha Goa</i> (Old Goa). This was the beginning of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese colonial rule</a> in Goa that would last for four and a half centuries, until its <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">annexation by India in 1961</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Goa_Inquisition" title="Goa Inquisition">Goa Inquisition</a>, a formal tribunal, was established in 1560, and was finally abolished in 1812.<sup id="cite_ref-Priolkar1961_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Priolkar1961-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the latter decades of the eighteenth century, the territory of Goa was composed of two segments: the central nucleus of the <i><a href="/wiki/Velhas_Conquistas" title="Velhas Conquistas">Velhas Conquistas</a></i> (Old Conquests)—Bardes, Ilhas de Goa, and Salcette—which territories had been under Portuguese administration since the sixteenth century; and the <i><a href="/wiki/Novas_Conquistas" title="Novas Conquistas">Novas Conquistas</a></i> (New Conquests)—Bicholim, Canacona, Pernem, Quepem, Sattari, and Sanguem—territories which had been successively added through the eighteenth century.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1787, Goa experienced its first revolt from its Catholic elite, with the <a href="/wiki/Pinto_Revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinto Revolt">Pinto Revolt</a> led by a Goan noble family who revolted against the Portuguese due to racial discrimination in administration and clergy. They were betrayed by a member of the revolt. The Portuguese government executed some of the family members, while others, such as <a href="/wiki/Abbe_Faria" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbe Faria">Abbe Faria</a>, went on to join the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>. This remains legend in Goa today. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Pintos_April_1770.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Pintos_April_1770.jpg/220px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Pintos_April_1770.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Pintos_April_1770.jpg/330px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Pintos_April_1770.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Pintos_April_1770.jpg/440px-Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Pintos_April_1770.jpg 2x" data-file-width="723" data-file-height="996" /></a><figcaption>Coat of Arms of the Pintos, awarded by the King of Portugal in 1770</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1843, the Portuguese moved the capital to the <i>Cidade da Nova Goa</i> (City of New Goa), today known as <a href="/wiki/Panaji" title="Panaji">Panaji</a> (Panjim), from <i>Velha Goa</i> (<a href="/wiki/Old_Goa" title="Old Goa">Old Goa</a>). By the mid-18th century, Portuguese expansions lost other possessions in India until their borders stabilised and formed the <a href="/wiki/Goa,_Daman_and_Diu" title="Goa, Daman and Diu">Goa, Daman and Diu</a>, which included <a href="/wiki/Silvassa" title="Silvassa">Silvassa</a> prior to the Annexation, it was known as <i>Estado da Índia</i> in <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, that is the "State of Portuguese India".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Some wealthy Goan <a href="/wiki/Zamindars" class="mw-redirect" title="Zamindars">zamindars</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Dempo" title="Dempo">Baron Dempo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pernem" title="Pernem">Viscount Deshprabhu</a> were included in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_peers_and_baronets" title="Indian peers and baronets">Portuguese nobility</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_period">Contemporary period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Contemporary period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">Annexation of Goa</a> and <a href="/wiki/1967_Goa_status_referendum" title="1967 Goa status referendum">1967 Goa status referendum</a></div> <p>After <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">India gained independence</a> from <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British rule</a> in 1947, India requested that Portuguese territories on the Indian subcontinent be ceded to India. Portugal refused to negotiate on the sovereignty of its Indian enclaves. On 19 December 1961, the Indian Army invaded with <a href="/wiki/1961_Indian_annexation_of_Goa" class="mw-redirect" title="1961 Indian annexation of Goa">Operation Vijay</a> resulting in the <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">annexation of Goa</a>, and of <a href="/wiki/Daman_and_Diu" title="Daman and Diu">Daman and Diu</a> islands into the Indian union. <a href="/wiki/Goa,_Daman_and_Diu" title="Goa, Daman and Diu">Goa, Daman and Diu</a>, were organised as a single centrally administered <a href="/wiki/Union_territory" title="Union territory">union territory</a> of India.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 16 January 1967 a <a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">referendum</a> was held in Goa, to decide the future of the Union Territory of <a href="/wiki/Goa,_Daman_and_Diu" title="Goa, Daman and Diu">Goa, Daman and Diu</a>. It was the only referendum to have been held in independent India. The referendum offered the people of Goa a choice between continuing as a <a href="/wiki/Union_territory" title="Union territory">union territory</a> or merging with the state of <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> and the majority chose the former.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tgf_Valmiki_Wams_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tgf_Valmiki_Wams-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-goanews_opinion_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goanews_opinion-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 30 May 1987, the union territory was split, and Goa was made India's twenty-fifth state, with Daman and Diu remaining a union territory.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Donna_Paula,_Goa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Donna_Paula%2C_Goa.jpg/170px-Donna_Paula%2C_Goa.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Donna_Paula%2C_Goa.jpg/255px-Donna_Paula%2C_Goa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Donna_Paula%2C_Goa.jpg/340px-Donna_Paula%2C_Goa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4752" /></a><figcaption>Goa coastline at <a href="/wiki/Dona_Paula" title="Dona Paula">Dona Paula</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Picture_of_GOA_taken_from_an_air_craft%27s_window.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Picture_of_GOA_taken_from_an_air_craft%27s_window.jpg/170px-Picture_of_GOA_taken_from_an_air_craft%27s_window.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Picture_of_GOA_taken_from_an_air_craft%27s_window.jpg/255px-Picture_of_GOA_taken_from_an_air_craft%27s_window.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Picture_of_GOA_taken_from_an_air_craft%27s_window.jpg/340px-Picture_of_GOA_taken_from_an_air_craft%27s_window.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>Picture of coastline of <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama,_Goa" title="Vasco da Gama, Goa">Vasco da Gama, Goa</a>, taken from an aircraft's window</figcaption></figure> <p>Goa encompasses an area of 3,702 km<sup>2</sup> (1,429 sq mi). It lies between the latitudes 14°53′54″ N and 15°40′00″ N and longitudes 73°40′33″ E and 74°20′13″ E.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Goa is a part of the coastal country known as the <a href="/wiki/Konkan" title="Konkan">Konkan</a>, which is an escarpment rising up to the Western Ghats range of mountains, which separate it from the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan Plateau</a>. The highest point is the <a href="/wiki/Sonsogor" title="Sonsogor">Sonsogor</a> Peak, with an altitude of 1,026 m (3,366 ft). Goa has a coastline of 160 km (99 mi).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Goa's seven major rivers are the <a href="/wiki/Mandovi_River" title="Mandovi River">Mandovi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zuari_River" title="Zuari River">Zuari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terekhol_River" title="Terekhol River">Terekhol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chapora_River" title="Chapora River">Chapora</a>, Galgibag, Cumbarjua canal, Talpona, and the <a href="/wiki/Sal_River_(India)" title="Sal River (India)">Sal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hiremath_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hiremath-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Zuari and the Mandovi are the most important rivers, interspaced by the Cumbarjua canal, forming a major estuarine complex.<sup id="cite_ref-Hiremath_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hiremath-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These rivers are fed by the Southwest monsoon rain and their basin covers 69% of the state's geographical area.<sup id="cite_ref-Hiremath_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hiremath-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These rivers are some of the busiest in India. Goa has more than 40 estuarine, eight marine, and about 90 riverine islands. The total navigable length of Goa's rivers is 253 km (157 mi). Goa has more than 300 ancient water tanks built during the rule of the Kadamba dynasty and over 100 medicinal springs.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Mormugao harbour on the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/River_Zuari" class="mw-redirect" title="River Zuari">Zuari river</a> is considered one of the best natural harbours in South Asia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Most of Goa's soil cover is made up of <a href="/wiki/Laterite" title="Laterite">laterites</a> rich in ferric-aluminum oxides and reddish in colour. Further inland and along the riverbanks, the soil is mostly <a href="/wiki/Alluvial" class="mw-redirect" title="Alluvial">alluvial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Loam" title="Loam">loamy</a>. The soil is rich in minerals and humus, thus conducive to agriculture. Some of the oldest rocks in the Indian subcontinent are found in Goa between <a href="/wiki/Molem" class="mw-redirect" title="Molem">Molem</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anmod" title="Anmod">Anmod</a> on Goa's border with <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>. The rocks are classified as <a href="/wiki/Gneiss" title="Gneiss">Trondjemeitic Gneiss</a> estimated to be 3,600 million years old, dated by <a href="/wiki/Rubidium%E2%80%93strontium_dating" title="Rubidium–strontium dating">rubidium isotope dating</a>. A specimen of the rock is exhibited at <a href="/wiki/Goa_University" title="Goa University">Goa University</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="font-size:88%; line-height:130%; border-bottom:1px #aaa solid;"> <li class="gallerycaption"><a href="/wiki/Dudhsagar_Falls" title="Dudhsagar Falls">Dudhsagar Falls</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bhagwan_Mahaveer_Sanctuary_and_Mollem_National_Park" title="Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park">Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park</a></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 114.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 112.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Doodhsagar_Waterfalls.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dudhsagar Waterfalls in August"><img alt="Dudhsagar Waterfalls in August" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Doodhsagar_Waterfalls.jpg/169px-Doodhsagar_Waterfalls.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Doodhsagar_Waterfalls.jpg/253px-Doodhsagar_Waterfalls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Doodhsagar_Waterfalls.jpg/337px-Doodhsagar_Waterfalls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dudhsagar Waterfalls in August</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 227.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 225.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dudhsagar_Falls_Triplet.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Train passing next to the Dudhsagar Falls"><img alt="Train passing next to the Dudhsagar Falls" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Dudhsagar_Falls_Triplet.jpg/338px-Dudhsagar_Falls_Triplet.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Dudhsagar_Falls_Triplet.jpg/507px-Dudhsagar_Falls_Triplet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Dudhsagar_Falls_Triplet.jpg/675px-Dudhsagar_Falls_Triplet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Train passing next to the Dudhsagar Falls</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 101.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 99.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dudhsagar_Falls_triplet,_2009.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Lower half of Dudhsagar Falls"><img alt="Lower half of Dudhsagar Falls" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Dudhsagar_Falls_triplet%2C_2009.JPG/149px-Dudhsagar_Falls_triplet%2C_2009.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Dudhsagar_Falls_triplet%2C_2009.JPG/225px-Dudhsagar_Falls_triplet%2C_2009.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Dudhsagar_Falls_triplet%2C_2009.JPG/299px-Dudhsagar_Falls_triplet%2C_2009.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lower half of Dudhsagar Falls</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Goa features a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_monsoon_climate" title="Tropical monsoon climate">tropical monsoon climate</a> under the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>. Goa, being in the torrid zone and near the <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a>, has a hot and humid climate for most of the year. The month of May is usually the hottest, seeing daytime temperatures of over 35 °C (95 °F) coupled with high humidity. The state's three seasons are <a href="/wiki/Southwest_monsoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest monsoon">southwest monsoon</a> period (June–September), post-monsoon period (October–January), and pre-monsoon period (February–May).<sup id="cite_ref-Hiremath_39-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hiremath-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 90% of the average annual rainfall (3,048 mm or 120 in) is received during the monsoon season.<sup id="cite_ref-Hiremath_39-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hiremath-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Goa </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6<br />(88.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5<br />(88.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.3<br />(86.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.8<br />(83.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.5<br />(85.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6<br />(88.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8<br />(91.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.4<br />(90.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">31.3<br />(88.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.0<br />(78.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.3<br />(79.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.3<br />(84.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9<br />(82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2<br />(73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(78.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.3<br />(79.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7<br />(76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1<br />(75.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">23.2<br />(73.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(0.01) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(0.00) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2<br />(0.05) </td> <td style="background: #ECFFEC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(0.46) </td> <td style="background: #57FF57; color:#000000;" class="notheme">112.7<br />(4.44) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">868.2<br />(34.18) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">994.8<br />(39.17) </td> <td style="background: #003000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">512.7<br />(20.19) </td> <td style="background: #007A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">251.9<br />(9.92) </td> <td style="background: #45FF45; color:#000000;" class="notheme">124.8<br />(4.91) </td> <td style="background: #CFFFCF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.9<br />(1.22) </td> <td style="background: #E6FFE6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7<br />(0.66) </td> <td style="background: #008B00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,926<br />(115.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days </th> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">21.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000AE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">27.2 </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.3 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.5 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2 </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5 </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">90.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #F1F112; color:#000000;" class="notheme">313.1 </td> <td style="background: #F3F317; color:#000000;" class="notheme">293.8 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC06; color:#000000;" class="notheme">291.4 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">288.0 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">297.6 </td> <td style="background: #BBBB44; color:#000000;" class="notheme">126.0 </td> <td style="background: #AFAF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">105.4 </td> <td style="background: #B6B65D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">120.9 </td> <td style="background: #D3D300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">177.0 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">248.0 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA01; color:#000000;" class="notheme">273.0 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">300.7 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,834.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <i><a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organization" title="World Meteorological Organization">World Meteorological Organization</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <i><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Observatory" title="Hong Kong Observatory">Hong Kong Observatory</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for sunshine and mean temperatures </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subdivisions">Subdivisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Subdivisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Administrative_map_of_Goa.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Administrative_map_of_Goa.png/170px-Administrative_map_of_Goa.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Administrative_map_of_Goa.png/255px-Administrative_map_of_Goa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Administrative_map_of_Goa.png/340px-Administrative_map_of_Goa.png 2x" data-file-width="808" data-file-height="1298" /></a><figcaption><i>Talukas</i> of Goa. <i>Talukas</i> in green shades belong to <a href="/wiki/North_Goa_district" title="North Goa district">North Goa district</a>, and orange denote <a href="/wiki/South_Goa_district" title="South Goa district">South Goa district</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Goa" title="List of districts of Goa">List of districts of Goa</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Goa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities and towns in Goa">List of cities and towns in Goa</a></div> <p>The state is divided into two <a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_in_India" title="List of districts in India">civil districts</a>—<a href="/wiki/North_Goa" class="mw-redirect" title="North Goa">North Goa</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Goa" class="mw-redirect" title="South Goa">South Goa</a>. Each district is administered by a <a href="/wiki/District_Collector" class="mw-redirect" title="District Collector">District Collector</a>, appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Panaji" title="Panaji">Panaji</a> (Panjim) is the headquarters of North Goa district and is also the capital of Goa. North Goa is further divided into three subdivisions—Panaji, <a href="/wiki/Mapusa" title="Mapusa">Mapusa</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bicholim" title="Bicholim">Bicholim</a>; and five <i><a href="/wiki/Tehsil" title="Tehsil">talukas</a></i> (subdistricts)—<a href="/wiki/Tiswadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiswadi">Tiswadi</a> (Panaji), <a href="/wiki/Bardez" class="mw-redirect" title="Bardez">Bardez</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mapusa" title="Mapusa">Mapusa</a>), <a href="/wiki/Pernem" title="Pernem">Pernem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bicholim" title="Bicholim">Bicholim</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sattari" class="mw-redirect" title="Sattari">Sattari</a> (<a href="/wiki/Valpoi" title="Valpoi">Valpoi</a>). <a href="/wiki/Margao" title="Margao">Margao</a> (Madgaon) is the headquarters of the South Goa district. It is also the cultural and commercial capital of Goa. South Goa is further divided into five subdivisions—<a href="/wiki/Ponda,_Goa" title="Ponda, Goa">Ponda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mormugao" title="Mormugao">Mormugao</a>-<a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama,_Goa" title="Vasco da Gama, Goa">Vasco</a>, Margao, <a href="/wiki/Quepem" title="Quepem">Quepem</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dharbandora" class="mw-redirect" title="Dharbandora">Dharbandora</a>; and seven <i>talukas</i>—<a href="/wiki/Ponda_taluka" title="Ponda taluka">Ponda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mormugao_taluka" title="Mormugao taluka">Mormugao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salcete" class="mw-redirect" title="Salcete">Salcete</a> (<a href="/wiki/Margao" title="Margao">Margao</a>), <a href="/wiki/Quepem" title="Quepem">Quepem</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Canacona" title="Canacona">Canacona</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chaudi" title="Chaudi">Chaudi</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sanguem" title="Sanguem">Sanguem</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dharbandora" class="mw-redirect" title="Dharbandora">Dharbandora</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Goa's major cities are—<a href="/wiki/Panaji" title="Panaji">Panaji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margao" title="Margao">Margao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama,_Goa" title="Vasco da Gama, Goa">Vasco</a>-<a href="/wiki/Mormugao" title="Mormugao">Mormugao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mapusa" title="Mapusa">Mapusa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ponda,_Goa" title="Ponda, Goa">Ponda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bicholim" title="Bicholim">Bicholim</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Valpoi" title="Valpoi">Valpoi</a>. <a href="/wiki/Panaji" title="Panaji">Panaji</a> (Panjim) has the only <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Corporation">Municipal Corporation</a> in Goa.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> There are thirteen <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Council">Municipal Councils</a>—Margao, Mormugao (merged with Vasco), Pernem, Mapusa, Bicholim, <a href="/wiki/Sanquelim" title="Sanquelim">Sanquelim</a>, Valpoi, Ponda, <a href="/wiki/Cuncolim" title="Cuncolim">Cuncolim</a>, Quepem, <a href="/wiki/Curchorem" title="Curchorem">Curchorem</a>, Sanguem, and Canacona. Goa has a total number of 334 villages.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Government and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Goa" title="Government of Goa">Government of Goa</a>, <a href="/wiki/1967_Goa_status_referendum" title="1967 Goa status referendum">1967 Goa status referendum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Goa_Special_Status" title="Goa Special Status">Goa Special Status</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Dr._Jack_de_Sequeira.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Portrait_of_Dr._Jack_de_Sequeira.jpg/200px-Portrait_of_Dr._Jack_de_Sequeira.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Portrait_of_Dr._Jack_de_Sequeira.jpg/300px-Portrait_of_Dr._Jack_de_Sequeira.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Portrait_of_Dr._Jack_de_Sequeira.jpg/400px-Portrait_of_Dr._Jack_de_Sequeira.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1179" data-file-height="1821" /></a><figcaption>Jack de Sequeira, the father of the Goan referendum</figcaption></figure> <p>The politics of Goa are a result of the uniqueness of this region due to 450 years of Portuguese rule, in comparison to three centuries of British rule experienced by most of the rest of India. The <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> was unable to achieve electoral success in the first two decades after the State's incorporation into India.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, the state was dominated by the regional political parties like <a href="/wiki/Maharashtrawadi_Gomantak_Party" title="Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party">Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Goans_Party" title="United Goans Party">United Goans Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:India_Goa_Assembly.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/India_Goa_Assembly.jpg/500px-India_Goa_Assembly.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/India_Goa_Assembly.jpg/750px-India_Goa_Assembly.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/India_Goa_Assembly.jpg/1000px-India_Goa_Assembly.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5770" data-file-height="1619" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Goa_Legislative_Assembly" title="Goa Legislative Assembly">Goa Assembly</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Goa has two members of parliament (MP) elected from each district representing the state in the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> (House of the People), the lower house of the national <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">Parliament of India</a>. It is also has one member of parliament in the <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha" title="Rajya Sabha">Rajya Sabha</a> (Council of the States), the upper house of the Indian parliament.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Goa's administrative capital is based in <i><a href="/wiki/Panaji" title="Panaji">Panaji</a></i>, often referred as Panjim in English, Pangim in <a href="/wiki/Indo-Portuguese" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Portuguese">Portuguese</a> and Ponjê in <a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a>, the official language of the state. It lies on the left bank of the <a href="/wiki/Mandovi_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandovi river">Mandovi river</a>. The seat of the <a href="/wiki/Goa_Legislative_Assembly" title="Goa Legislative Assembly">Goa Legislative Assembly</a> is in <a href="/wiki/Porvorim" title="Porvorim">Porvorim</a>, across the Mandovi from Panaji. The state's highest judiciary is the <a href="/wiki/Goa_Bench_of_the_Bombay_High_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Goa Bench of the Bombay High Court">Goa Bench of the Bombay High Court</a>, a branch of the <a href="/wiki/Bombay_High_Court" title="Bombay High Court">Bombay High Court</a> permanently seated at Panjim. Unlike other states, which follow the model of personal laws framed for individual religions introduced in the days of <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Civil_Code_of_Goa_and_Damaon" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Civil Code of Goa and Damaon">Portuguese Civil Code of Goa and Damaon</a>, a uniform code based on the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleonic code">Napoleonic code</a> was retained in Goa as well as the union territory of <a href="/wiki/Damaon,_Diu_%26_Silvassa" class="mw-redirect" title="Damaon, Diu & Silvassa">Damaon, Diu & Silvassa</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Goa has a <a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">unicameral</a> <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislature</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Goa_Legislative_Assembly" title="Goa Legislative Assembly">Goa Legislative Assembly</a>, of 40 members, headed by a speaker. The chief minister heads the executive, which is made up of the party or coalition elected with a majority in the legislature. The governor, the head of the state, is appointed by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_India" title="President of India">president of India</a>. After having stable governance for nearly thirty years up to 1990, Goa is now notorious for its political instability having seen fourteen governments in the span of the fifteen years between 1990 and 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2005, the assembly was dissolved by the Governor and <a href="/wiki/President%27s_Rule" class="mw-redirect" title="President's Rule">President's Rule</a> was declared, which suspended the legislature. A by-election in June 2005 saw the Indian National Congress coming back to power after winning three of the five seats that went to polls. The <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Congress Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> (BJP) are the two largest parties in the state. In the assembly poll of 2007, the INC-led coalition won and formed the government.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2012 Vidhan Sabha Elections, the Bharatiya Janata Party along with the <a href="/wiki/Maharashtrawadi_Gomantak_Party" title="Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party">Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party</a> won a clear majority, forming the new government with <a href="/wiki/Manohar_Parrikar" title="Manohar Parrikar">Manohar Parrikar</a> as the Chief Minister. Other parties include the <a href="/wiki/United_Goans_Democratic_Party" title="United Goans Democratic Party">United Goans Democratic Party</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Congress_Party" title="Nationalist Congress Party">Nationalist Congress Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2017_Goa_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2017 Goa Legislative Assembly election">2017 assembly elections</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> gained the most seats, with the BJP coming in second. However, no party was able to gain a majority in the 40 member house. The BJP was invited to form the Government by Governor <a href="/wiki/Mridula_Sinha" title="Mridula Sinha">Mridula Sinha</a>. The Congress claimed the use of money power on the part of the BJP and took the case to the Supreme Court. However, the Manohar Parikkar led Government was able to prove its majority in the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court</a> mandated "floor test".<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>== Flora and fauna == </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Flora_and_fauna_of_Goa" title="Flora and fauna of Goa">Flora and fauna of Goa</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GOA_Colva_Beach_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Coconut Palm Tree" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/GOA_Colva_Beach_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-GOA_Colva_Beach_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/GOA_Colva_Beach_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-GOA_Colva_Beach_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/GOA_Colva_Beach_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-GOA_Colva_Beach_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">Coconut palms</a> are a ubiquitous sight statewide.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Equatorial forest">Equatorial forest</a> cover in Goa stands at 1,500 km<sup>2</sup> (579 sq mi),<sup id="cite_ref-nic1_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nic1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> most of which is owned by the government. Government-owned forest is estimated at 1,300 km<sup>2</sup> (502 sq mi) while private is given as 200 km<sup>2</sup> (77 sq mi). Most of the forests in the state are located in the interior eastern regions of the state. The <a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a>, which form most of eastern Goa, have been internationally recognised as one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world. In the February 1999 issue of <i>National Geographic Magazine</i>, Goa was compared with the Amazon and the Congo basins for its rich tropical biodiversity.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Goa's wildlife sanctuaries boast of more than 1512 documented species of plants, over 275 species of birds, over 48 kinds of animals and over 60 genera of reptiles.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nanda_Lake" title="Nanda Lake">Nanda Lake</a> is the first and the only Ramsar wetland site in Goa.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Goa is also known for its coconut cultivation. The coconut tree has been reclassified by the government as a palm (like grass), enabling farmers and real estate developers to clear land with fewer restrictions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Rice is the main food crop, and pulses (legume), <i>Ragi</i> (Finger Millet), and other food crops are also grown. Main cash crops are arecanut, coconut, cashew nut, sugar cane, and fruits like banana, mango, and pineapple.<sup id="cite_ref-nic1_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nic1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Goa's state animal is the <i><a href="/wiki/Gaur" title="Gaur">Gaur</a></i>, the state bird is the <a href="/wiki/Flame-throated_bulbul" title="Flame-throated bulbul">Flame-throated <i>Bulbul</i></a>, and the state tree is the <a href="/wiki/Terminalia_elliptica" title="Terminalia elliptica">Indian Laurel</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Goa_Fields.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Goa_Fields.JPG/220px-Goa_Fields.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Goa_Fields.JPG/330px-Goa_Fields.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Goa_Fields.JPG/440px-Goa_Fields.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Paddy_field" title="Paddy field">Rice paddies</a> are common in rural Goa.</figcaption></figure> <p>The important forest products are bamboo canes, <a href="/wiki/Maratha" class="mw-redirect" title="Maratha">Maratha</a> barks, chillar barks, and the <a href="/wiki/Bhirand" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhirand">bhirand</a>. Coconut palm trees are common throughout Goa barring the elevated regions. A variety of <a href="/wiki/Deciduous" title="Deciduous">deciduous</a> trees, such as teak, Sal tree, cashew, and mango trees are present. Fruits include jackfruit, mango, pineapple, and blackberry. Goa's forests are rich in medicinal plants.{{Citation needed<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>|date=February 2023}} </p><p>Foxes, wild boar and migratory birds are found in the jungles of Goa. The avifauna (bird species) includes kingfisher, <i><a href="/wiki/Myna" title="Myna">myna</a></i> and parrot. Numerous types of fish are also caught off the coast of Goa and in its rivers. Crab, lobster, shrimp, jellyfish, oysters, and catfish are the basis of the marine fishery. Goa also has a high snake population. Goa has many famous "National Parks", including the renowned <a href="/wiki/Salim_Ali_Bird_Sanctuary" title="Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary">Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Chor%C3%A3o_(island)" title="Chorão (island)">Chorão</a>. Other wildlife sanctuaries include the <a href="/wiki/Bondla_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary">Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molem_Wildlife_Sanctuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Molem Wildlife Sanctuary">Molem Wildlife Sanctuary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cotigao_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary">Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mhadei_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary">Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netravali_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Netravali Wildlife Sanctuary">Netravali Wildlife Sanctuary</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mahaveer_Wildlife_Sanctuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahaveer Wildlife Sanctuary">Mahaveer Wildlife Sanctuary</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Goa has more than 33% of its geographic area under government forests (1,224.38 km<sup>2</sup> or 472.74 sq mi) of which about 62% has been brought under Protected Areas (PA) of Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Park. Since there is a substantial area under private forests and a large tract under cashew, mango, coconut, etc. plantations, the total forest and tree cover constitutes 56.6% of the geographic area.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; width:260px; margin:0 0 1em 1em; background:#f4f5f6; border:#c6c7c8 solid; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#c2d6e5; text-align:center;"><b>Gross State Domestic Product (in millions of Rupees)</b><sup id="cite_ref-gdpstat_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gdpstat-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Year</th> <th>GSDP </th></tr> <tr> <td>1980</td> <td>3,980 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985</td> <td>6,550 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990</td> <td>12,570 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995</td> <td>33,190 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000</td> <td>76,980 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010</td> <td>150,000 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Goa's state domestic product for 2017 is estimated at $11 billion at current prices. Goa is India's richest state with the highest GDP per capita—two and a half times that of the country—with one of its fastest growth rates: 8.23% (yearly average 1990–2000).<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tourism is Goa's primary industry: it gets 12%<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of foreign tourist arrivals in India. Goa has two main tourist seasons: winter and summer. In winter, tourists from abroad (mainly Europe) come, and summer (which, in Goa, is the rainy season) sees tourists from across India. Goa's <a href="/wiki/State_Domestic_Product" title="State Domestic Product">net state domestic product</a> (NSDP) was around US$7.24 billion in 2015–16.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The land away from the coast is rich in minerals and ores, and mining forms the second largest industry. Iron, bauxite, manganese, clays, limestone, and silica are mined. The <a href="/wiki/Mormugao" title="Mormugao">Mormugao</a> port handled 31.69  a million tonnes of cargo in 2007, which was 39% of India's total iron ore exports. <a href="/wiki/Sesa_Goa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sesa Goa">Sesa Goa</a> (now owned by Vedanta Resources) and Dempo are the lead miners. Rampant mining has been depleting the forest cover as well as posing a health hazard to the local population. Corporations are also mining illegally in some areas. During 2015–16, the total traffic handled by Mormugao port was recorded to be 20.78 million tonnes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vasantrao_S_Dempo_2016_stamp_of_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Vasantrao_S_Dempo_2016_stamp_of_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="268" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="268" /></a><figcaption>Vasantrao Dempo, aristocrat and Industrialist, one of Goa's wealthiest mining barons</figcaption></figure> <p>Agriculture, while of shrinking importance to the economy over the past four decades, offers part-time employment to a sizeable portion of the populace. Rice is the main agricultural crop, followed by <a href="/wiki/Areca" title="Areca">areca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cashew" title="Cashew">cashew</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconut</a>. Fishing employs about 40,000 people, though recent official figures indicate a decline in the importance of this sector and also a fall in the catch, due perhaps, to traditional fishing giving way to large-scale mechanised trawling.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Medium-scale industries include the manufacturing of pesticides, fertilizers, tires, tubes, footwear, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, wheat products, steel rolling, fruits and fish canning, cashew nuts, textiles, brewery products.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Currently, there are 16 planned SEZs in Goa. The Goa government has recently decided to not allow any more <a href="/wiki/Special_Economic_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Economic Zone">Special Economic Zones</a> (SEZs) in Goa after strong opposition to them by political parties and the Goa Catholic Church.<sup id="cite_ref-goasez_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goasez-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Goa is also notable for its low-priced beer, wine, and spirits prices due to its very low excise duty on alcohol. Another main source of cash inflow to the state is remittance, from many of its citizens who work abroad, to their families. It is said to have some of the largest bank savings in the country.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1976 Goa became the first state in India to legalise some types of gambling. This enabled the state to levy taxes on gambling, thereby strengthening the economy. There are several casinos available in Goa. In 2018-2019 tax revenue from casinos reached Rs 414 crore.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Goa is the second state in India to achieve a 100 per cent automatic telephone system with a solid network of telephone exchanges. As of September 2017, Goa had a total installed power generation capacity of 547.88 MW. Goa is also one of the few states in India to achieve 100 per cent rural electrification.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 178.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iron_Ore_Train_Goa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Train carrying iron ore to Marmagao Port, Vasco"><img alt="Train carrying iron ore to Marmagao Port, Vasco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Iron_Ore_Train_Goa.jpg/268px-Iron_Ore_Train_Goa.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Iron_Ore_Train_Goa.jpg/403px-Iron_Ore_Train_Goa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Iron_Ore_Train_Goa.jpg/536px-Iron_Ore_Train_Goa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Train carrying iron ore to <a href="/wiki/Marmagao" class="mw-redirect" title="Marmagao">Marmagao</a> Port, <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama,_Goa" title="Vasco da Gama, Goa">Vasco</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 178.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panjim_Downtown.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Commercial area in Panaji"><img alt="Commercial area in Panaji" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Panjim_Downtown.JPG/268px-Panjim_Downtown.JPG" decoding="async" width="179" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Panjim_Downtown.JPG/403px-Panjim_Downtown.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Panjim_Downtown.JPG/536px-Panjim_Downtown.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Commercial area in <a href="/wiki/Panaji" title="Panaji">Panaji</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Goans" title="Goans">Goans</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Population growth</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">475,513</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">486,752</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.23%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">469,494</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.36%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">505,281</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.74%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1940</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">540,925</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.76%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1950</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">547,448</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.12%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1960</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">589,997</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.75%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">795,120</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.75%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,007,749</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.40%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1,169,793</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.50%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,347,668</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.43%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,458,545</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.79%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:center">Source: <sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A native of Goa is called a <a href="/wiki/Goans" title="Goans">Goan</a>. Goa has a population of 1.459 million residents as of 2011,<sup id="cite_ref-THReligion_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THReligion-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making it the fourth least populated state of India after <a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a>. Population density of Goa is 394 per km<sup>2</sup> which is higher than national average 382 per km<sup>2</sup>. Goa is the state with highest proportion of urban population with 62.17% of the population living in urban areas. The <a href="/wiki/Human_sex_ratio" title="Human sex ratio">sex ratio</a> is 973 females to 1,000 males. The birth rate was 15.70 per 1,000 people in 2007. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 1.74% and 10.23% of the population respectively. As of the 2011 census, over 76% of the population was born in Goa, while just over half of migrants to the state are from the neighbouring states of Karnataka and Maharashtra.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As per a 2021 report, over 50% of the permanent resident population is of non-Goan origin, outnumbering the native ethnic Goan population.<sup id="cite_ref-Menezes_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Menezes-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani language</a></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:grey; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 215.31346530119px; border-left-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 142.47581397352px; border-left-color:darkslateblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:darkslateblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:darkslateblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 78.680936517282px; border-left-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:orange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 12.441479428014px; border-left-color:red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:red"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:84.734443877425px 53.104369130831px 0 0; border-top-color:salmon"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:salmon"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Languages in Goa (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-census2011-langreport_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2011-langreport-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:salmon; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a> (66.09%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:red; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a> (10.88%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:orange; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> (8.64%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:darkslateblue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a> (4.65%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> (2.82%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:grey; color:black;"> </span> Others (6.92%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>The Official Language Act, 1987, of the erstwhile Union Territory of <a href="/wiki/Goa,_Daman_and_Diu" title="Goa, Daman and Diu">Goa, Daman and Diu</a> makes <a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> script the sole official language of Goa, but provides that <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a> may also be used "for all or any of the official purposes". <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> was the sole official language during <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese colonial rule</a>. The government also has a policy of replying in Marathi to correspondence received in Marathi.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There have been demands for according <a href="/wiki/Konkani_in_the_Roman_script" title="Konkani in the Roman script">Konkani in the Roman script</a> official status in the state. There is widespread support for keeping Konkani as the sole official language of Goa.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Konkani is spoken as a first language by about 66.11% of the people in the state, but almost all Goans can speak and understand Konkani. A large population of people can speak and understand English as well. Other linguistic groups in the state per the 2011 census are speakers of <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a> (10.89%), <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> (8.64%), <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a> (4.65%), <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> (2.83%), and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> (1%).<sup id="cite_ref-demographics_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demographics-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historically, Konkani was neither the official nor the administrative language of the many rulers of the State. Under the <a href="/wiki/Kadambas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadambas">Kadambas</a> (c. 960–1310), the court language was Kannada. When under Muslim rule (1312–1370 and 1469–1510), the official and cultural language was <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>. Various stones in the <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Museum_and_Portrait_Gallery" title="Archaeological Museum and Portrait Gallery">Archaeological Museum and Portrait Gallery</a> from the period are inscribed in Kannada and Persian.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomaz_2016_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomaz_2016-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the period in between the two periods of Muslim rule, the <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a>, which had control of the state, mandated the use of <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomaz_2016_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomaz_2016-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Goa" title="Hinduism in Goa">Hinduism in Goa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Goa" title="Christianity in Goa">Christianity in Goa</a></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;<div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 4080.0791299256px; border-left-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 3247.0337446431px; border-left-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 161.58559383717px; border-left-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:84.701060694525px 53.157598866224px 0 0; border-top-color:DarkOrange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DarkOrange"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in Goa (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-THReligion_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THReligion-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkOrange; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> (66.08%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Blue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (25.10%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (8.33%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Yellow; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> (0.10%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Black; color:white;"> </span> Other or not religious (0.39%)</div> </div> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Goa_Memorial.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Goa_Memorial.JPG/220px-Goa_Memorial.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Goa_Memorial.JPG/330px-Goa_Memorial.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Goa_Memorial.JPG/440px-Goa_Memorial.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>Hindu-Christianity Unity Memorial at <a href="/wiki/Miramar,_Goa" title="Miramar, Goa">Miramar Beach</a></figcaption></figure> <p>According to the 2011 census, in a population of 1,458,545 people, 66.1% were <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a>, 25.1% were <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a>, 8.3% were <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>, and 0.1% were <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-THReligion_64-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-THReligion-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the 1909 statistics in the Catholic Encyclopedia, the total Catholic population in Portuguese controlled Goa was 293,628 out of a total population of 365,291 (80.33%).<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the 20th century, the percentage of <a href="/wiki/Goan_Catholics" title="Goan Catholics">Goan Catholics</a> has been facing continual decline caused by a combination of permanent emigration from Goa to cosmopolitan Indian cities (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>) and foreign countries (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the mass immigration of non-Christians from the rest of India since the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Rajesh_Ghadge_2015_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rajesh_Ghadge_2015-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2021, ethnic <a href="/wiki/Goans" title="Goans">Goans</a> represent less than 50% of the state's residents.<sup id="cite_ref-Menezes_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Menezes-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Catholics in Goa state and <a href="/wiki/Daman_and_Diu" title="Daman and Diu">Daman and Diu</a> union territory are served by the Metropolitan <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Goa_and_Daman" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Goa and Daman">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Goa and Daman</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Primate_(bishop)" title="Primate (bishop)">primatial see</a> of India, in which the titular <a href="/wiki/Patriarchate_of_the_East_Indies" title="Patriarchate of the East Indies">Patriarchate of the East Indies</a> is vested.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Goa" title="Tourism in Goa">Tourism in Goa</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boys_and_girls_at_Goa_beach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Boys_and_girls_at_Goa_beach.jpg/220px-Boys_and_girls_at_Goa_beach.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Boys_and_girls_at_Goa_beach.jpg/330px-Boys_and_girls_at_Goa_beach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Boys_and_girls_at_Goa_beach.jpg/440px-Boys_and_girls_at_Goa_beach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1_Beach,_Goa_India,_March_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/1_Beach%2C_Goa_India%2C_March_2013.jpg/220px-1_Beach%2C_Goa_India%2C_March_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/1_Beach%2C_Goa_India%2C_March_2013.jpg/330px-1_Beach%2C_Goa_India%2C_March_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/1_Beach%2C_Goa_India%2C_March_2013.jpg/440px-1_Beach%2C_Goa_India%2C_March_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunset_at_bogamalo_beach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Sunset_at_bogamalo_beach.jpg/220px-Sunset_at_bogamalo_beach.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Sunset_at_bogamalo_beach.jpg/330px-Sunset_at_bogamalo_beach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Sunset_at_bogamalo_beach.jpg/440px-Sunset_at_bogamalo_beach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Indian and foreign tourists at beaches in Goa. Ships can be seen in the background in the top image, while hills can be seen in the background in the center image and Bogmalo beach near <a href="/wiki/Dabolim_Airport" title="Dabolim Airport">Goa airport</a> in the bottom image.</div></div></div></div> <p>Tourism is generally focused on the coastal areas of Goa, with lower tourist activity inland. In 2010, there were more than 2 million tourists reported to have visited Goa, about 1.2  million of whom were from abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-Tourist_arrivals_in_Goa_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tourist_arrivals_in_Goa-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2013<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Goa was a destination of choice for Indian and foreign tourists, particularly Britons and Russians, with limited means who wanted to vacation outside of their countries. The state was hopeful that changes could be made which would attract a more upscale demographic.<sup id="cite_ref-Observer83113_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Observer83113-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Goa stands 6th in the Top 10 Nightlife cities in the world in <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic Travel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the biggest tourist attractions in Goa is water sports. Beaches like Baga and Calangute offer jet-skiing, parasailing, banana boat rides, water scooter rides, and more. Patnem beach in <a href="/wiki/Palolem_Beach" title="Palolem Beach">Palolem</a> stood third in <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN Travel</a>'s Top 20 Beaches in <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over 450 years of Portuguese rule and the influence of the Portuguese culture presents to visitors to Goa a cultural environment that is not found elsewhere in India. Goa is often described as a fusion between Eastern and Western culture with Portuguese culture having a dominant position in the state be it in its architectural, cultural or social settings. The state of Goa is famous for its excellent beaches, churches, and temples.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historic_sites_and_neighbourhoods">Historic sites and neighbourhoods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Historic sites and neighbourhoods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Goa has one <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Sites">World Heritage Site</a>: the <a href="/wiki/Bom_Jesus_Basilica" class="mw-redirect" title="Bom Jesus Basilica">Bom Jesus Basilica</a><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <a href="/wiki/Old_Goa" title="Old Goa">churches and convents of Old Goa</a>. The basilica holds the mortal remains of <a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a>, regarded by many Catholics as the <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of Goa (the patron of the <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Goa" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Goa">Archdiocese of Goa</a> is actually Saint <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Vaz" title="Joseph Vaz">Joseph Vaz</a>). These are both Portuguese-era monuments and reflect a strong European character. The relics are taken down for veneration and for public viewing, per the prerogative of the Church in Goa, not every ten or twelve years as popularly thought and propagated. The last exposition was held in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panaji,_Goa,_India,_Our_Lady_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_Church_at_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Panaji%2C_Goa%2C_India%2C_Our_Lady_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_Church_at_night.jpg/220px-Panaji%2C_Goa%2C_India%2C_Our_Lady_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_Church_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Panaji%2C_Goa%2C_India%2C_Our_Lady_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_Church_at_night.jpg/330px-Panaji%2C_Goa%2C_India%2C_Our_Lady_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_Church_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Panaji%2C_Goa%2C_India%2C_Our_Lady_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_Church_at_night.jpg/440px-Panaji%2C_Goa%2C_India%2C_Our_Lady_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_Church_at_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_Church,_Goa" title="Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception Church, Goa">Our Lady of Immaculate Conception</a> Church in <a href="/wiki/Panaji" title="Panaji">Panaji</a></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Tourist Arrivals<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Total Arrivals </th> <th>% Change </th></tr> <tr> <td>1985 </td> <td>775,212 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990 </td> <td>881,323 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 13.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995 </td> <td>1,107,705 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 23.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td>1,268,513 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 13.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td>2,302,146 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 66.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td>2,644,805 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 13.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td>5,297,902 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 76.4 </td></tr></tbody></table><p>The <a href="/wiki/Velhas_Conquistas" title="Velhas Conquistas">Velhas Conquistas</a> regions are known for Goa-Portuguese style architecture. There are many forts in Goa such as <a href="/wiki/Terekhol_Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Terekhol Fort">Tiracol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chapora_Fort" title="Chapora Fort">Chapora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corjuem_Fort" title="Corjuem Fort">Corjuem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Aguada" title="Fort Aguada">Aguada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reis_Magos" title="Reis Magos">Reis Magos</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Nanus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort Nanus (page does not exist)">Nanus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mormugao" title="Mormugao">Mormugao</a>, Fort Gaspar Dias and <a href="/wiki/Cabo_de_Rama" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabo de Rama">Cabo de Rama</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In many parts of Goa, mansions constructed in the Indo-Portuguese style architecture still stand, though, in some villages, most of them are in a dilapidated condition. <a href="/wiki/Fontainhas_(quarter)" title="Fontainhas (quarter)">Fontainhas</a> in Panaji has been declared a cultural quarter, showcasing the life, architecture and culture of Goa. Influences from the Portuguese era are visible in some of Goa's temples, notably the <a href="/wiki/Shanta_Durga_Temple" title="Shanta Durga Temple">Shanta Durga Temple</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mangueshi_Temple" title="Mangueshi Temple">Mangueshi Temple</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Shri_Damodar_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Shri Damodar Temple">Shri Damodar Temple</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mahalasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahalasa">Mahalasa</a> Temple. After 1961, many of these were demolished and reconstructed in the indigenous Indian style.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums_and_science_centre">Museums and science centre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Museums and science centre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Goa has three important museums: the <a href="/wiki/Goa_State_Museum" title="Goa State Museum">Goa State Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Naval_Aviation_Museum_(Goa)" title="Naval Aviation Museum (Goa)">Naval Aviation Museum</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Oceanography,_India" title="National Institute of Oceanography, India">National Institute of Oceanography</a>. The aviation museum is one of three in India (the others are in <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force_Museum,_Palam" title="Indian Air Force Museum, Palam">Delhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/HAL_Aerospace_Museum" title="HAL Aerospace Museum">Bangalore</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Goa_Science_Centre" title="Goa Science Centre">Goa Science Centre</a> is in Miramar, Panaji.<sup id="cite_ref-Goa_Science_Center_location_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goa_Science_Center_location-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Oceanography,_India" title="National Institute of Oceanography, India">National Institute of Oceanography, India</a> (NIO) is in Dona Paula.<sup id="cite_ref-NIO_Home_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIO_Home-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Goa" title="Museum of Goa">Museum of Goa</a> is a privately owned contemporary art gallery in Pilerne Industrial Estate, near <a href="/wiki/Calangute" title="Calangute">Calangute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HinduRay2015_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HinduRay2015-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beaches">Beaches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Beaches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of the beauty of Goa is present on the beaches. The coastline of about 103 kilometres (64 mi) has some of the most attractive beaches flanked by the Arabian Sea. The beaches of Goa are counted among the most beautiful in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable secondary sources. (February 2023)">non-primary source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Some of the beaches include <a href="/wiki/Anjuna_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Anjuna Beach">Anjuna Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baga_beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Baga beach">Baga Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bambolim_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Bambolim Beach">Bambolim Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Betul_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Betul Beach">Betul Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calangute_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Calangute Beach">Calangute Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Candolim_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Candolim Beach">Candolim Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cavelossim_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavelossim Beach">Cavelossim Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colva_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Colva Beach">Colva Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benaulim_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Benaulim Beach">Benaulim Beach</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Butterfly_Beach,_Goa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Butterfly Beach, Goa (page does not exist)">Butterfly Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Majorda_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Majorda Beach">Majorda Beach</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miramar_Beach,_Goa" class="mw-redirect" title="Miramar Beach, Goa">Miramar Beach</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Goa" title="Culture of Goa">Culture of Goa</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shantadurga_temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Shantadurga_temple.jpg/220px-Shantadurga_temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Shantadurga_temple.jpg/330px-Shantadurga_temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Shantadurga_temple.jpg/440px-Shantadurga_temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="669" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shanta_Durga_Temple" title="Shanta Durga Temple">Shanta Durga Temple</a> at <a href="/wiki/Kavale" title="Kavale">Kavlem</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Having been a <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese territory</a> for over 450 years, Goan culture is an amalgamation of both <a href="/wiki/Eastern_culture" title="Eastern culture">Eastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western</a> styles, with the latter having a more dominant role. The tableau of Goa showcases religious harmony by focusing on the Deepastambha, the Cross, and Ghode Modni followed by a chariot. European royal attire of kings is as much part of Goa's cultural heritage as are regional dances performed depicting a unique blend of different religions and cultures of this State. Prominent local festivals are <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">Carnival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shigmo" title="Shigmo">Shigmo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthi" title="Ganesh Chaturthi">Chavoth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gudi_Padwa" title="Gudi Padwa">Samvatsar Padvo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navratri" class="mw-redirect" title="Navratri">Dasara</a> etc. The Goan Carnival and Christmas-new year celebrations attract many tourists.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Gomant_Vibhushan_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Gomant Vibhushan Award">Gomant Vibhushan Award</a>, the highest civilian honour of the state of Goa, is given annually by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Goa" title="Government of Goa">Government of Goa</a> since 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-TimesofIndia_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TimesofIndia-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dance_and_music">Dance and music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Dance and music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Goa" title="Music of Goa">Music of Goa</a></div> <p>Traditional Goan art forms are <a href="/wiki/Dekhnni" class="mw-redirect" title="Dekhnni">Dekhnni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fugdi" title="Fugdi">Fugdi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corridinho" title="Corridinho">Corridinho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mando_(music)" title="Mando (music)">Mando</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dulpod" title="Dulpod">Dulpod</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fado" title="Fado">Fado</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Goan Hindus are very fond of <a href="/wiki/Natak" title="Natak">Natak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhajan" title="Bhajan">Bhajan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kirtan" title="Kirtan">Kirtan</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Many famous <a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_music" title="Indian classical music">Indian classical</a> singers hail from Goa, including <a href="/wiki/Mogubai_Kurdikar" title="Mogubai Kurdikar">Mogubai Kurdikar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kishori_Amonkar" title="Kishori Amonkar">Kishori Amonkar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kesarbai_Kerkar" title="Kesarbai Kerkar">Kesarbai Kerkar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jitendra_Abhisheki" title="Jitendra Abhisheki">Jitendra Abhisheki</a> and Pandit Prabhakar Karekar.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatre">Theatre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Theatre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Goan_literature" title="Goan literature">Goan literature</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Goan-chumar-chitram.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Goan-chumar-chitram.JPG/220px-Goan-chumar-chitram.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Goan-chumar-chitram.JPG/330px-Goan-chumar-chitram.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Goan-chumar-chitram.JPG/440px-Goan-chumar-chitram.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Goan-chumar-chitram</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Natak" title="Natak">Natak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiatr" title="Tiatr">Tiatr</a> (most popular) and Jagor are the chief forms of Goa's traditional performance arts. Other forms are Ranmale, Dashavatari, Kalo, Goulankala, Lalit, Kala and Rathkala.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Stories from the <a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a> along with more modern social subjects are narrated with song and dance.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ecam_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ecam-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Jagor", the traditional folk dance-drama, is performed by the Hindu Kunbi and Christian Gauda community of Goa, to seek the Divine Grace for protection and prosperity of the crop. The literal meaning of Jagor is "jagran" or wakeful nights. The strong belief is that the night-long performance awakens the deities once a year and they continue to remain awake throughout the year guarding the village.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Perni Jagor is the ancient mask dance – drama of Goa, performed by Perni families, using well crafted and painted wooden masks, depicting various animals, birds, super natural power, deities, demons, and social characters.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Gauda Jagor is an impression of social life, that displays all the existing moods and modes of human characters. It is predominantly based on three main characters, Gharasher, Nikhandar, and Parpati wearing shining dresses and headgears. The performance is accompanied by vibrant tunes of Goan folk instruments like Nagara/Dobe, Ghumat, Madale, and Kansale.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In some places, Jagor performances are held with the participation of both Hindus and the Christian community, whereby, characters are played by Hindus and musical support is provided by Christian artistes.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Tiatr (Teatro)</i> and its artists play a major role in keeping the Konkani language and music alive. Tiatrs are conducted solely in the Roman script of Konkani as it is primarily a Christian community-based act. They are played in scenes with music at regular intervals, the scenes are portrayals of daily life and are known to depict social and cultural scenarios. Tiatrs are regularly held especially on weekends mainly at Kala Academy, Panaji, Pai Tiatrist Hall at Ravindra Bhavan, Margao and most recent shows have also started at the new Ravindra Bhavan, Baina, Vasco. Western Musical Instruments such as Drums, Bass, Keyboards, and Trumpets. are part of the show and most of them are played acoustically.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It is one of Goa's few art forms that is renowned across the world with performances popular among Goans in the Middle-East, Americas and Europe.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konkani_cinema">Konkani cinema</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Konkani cinema"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:India_Goa_Film_Festival.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/India_Goa_Film_Festival.jpg/220px-India_Goa_Film_Festival.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/India_Goa_Film_Festival.jpg/330px-India_Goa_Film_Festival.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/India_Goa_Film_Festival.jpg/440px-India_Goa_Film_Festival.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>India Goa Film Festival</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Konkani_cinema" title="Konkani cinema">Konkani cinema</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Indian_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian film">Indian film</a> industry, where <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">films</a> are made in the <a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani language</a>, which is spoken mainly in the <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> states of Goa, <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> and to a smaller extent in <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>. Konkani films have been produced in Goa, <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first full-length Konkani film was <i><a href="/wiki/Mogacho_Anvddo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mogacho Anvddo">Mogacho Anvddo</a></i>, released on 24 April 1950, and was produced and directed by A. L.Jerry Braganza, a native of <a href="/wiki/Mapusa" title="Mapusa">Mapusa</a>, under the banner of ETICA Pictures.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hence, 24 April is celebrated as Konkani Film Day.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2004, starting from the 35th edition, the <a href="/wiki/International_Film_Festival_of_India" title="International Film Festival of India">International Film Festival of India</a> moved its permanent venue to Goa, it is annually held in the months of November and December.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Konkani film <a href="/wiki/The_Man_Beyond_the_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="The Man Beyond the Bridge">Paltadcho manis</a> has been included in the world's best films of 2009 list.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Konkani films are eligible for the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Award_for_Best_Feature_Film_in_Konkani" class="mw-redirect" title="National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Konkani">National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Konkani</a>. The most commercially successful Konkani film, as of June 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, is <i><a href="/wiki/O_Maria" title="O Maria">O Maria</a></i> directed by Rajendra Talak.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, the whole new change was adopted in Konkani Cinema by introducing Digital Theatrical Film <i>The Victim</i> directed by Milroy Goes.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some old Konkani films are <i>Sukhachem Sopon</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Amchem_Noxib" title="Amchem Noxib">Amchem Noxib</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Nirmonn" class="mw-redirect" title="Nirmonn">Nirmonn</a></i>, <i>Mhoji Ghorkarn</i>, <i>Kortubancho Sonvsar</i>, <i>Jivit Amchem Oxem</i>, <i>Mog ani Moipas</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bhuierantlo_Munis" title="Bhuierantlo Munis">Bhuierantlo Munis</a></i>, <i>Suzanne</i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boglantt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boglantt (page does not exist)">Boglantt</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Padri_(film)" title="Padri (film)">Padri</a></i> and <i>Bhogsonne</i>. <a href="/wiki/Ujwadu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ujwadu">Ujwadu</a> is a 2011 Konkani film directed by Kasargod Chinna and produced by KJ Dhananjaya and Anuradha Padiyar.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Food">Food</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Food"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Goan_cuisine" title="Goan cuisine">Goan cuisine</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 178.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Goan_prawn_curry.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Goan prawn curry, a popular dish throughout the state"><img alt="Goan prawn curry, a popular dish throughout the state" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Goan_prawn_curry.jpg/268px-Goan_prawn_curry.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Goan_prawn_curry.jpg/403px-Goan_prawn_curry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Goan_prawn_curry.jpg/536px-Goan_prawn_curry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Goan prawn curry, a popular dish throughout the state</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 178.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vindalho.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pork vindaloo is a popular Goan curry dish in the state and around the world."><img alt="Pork vindaloo is a popular Goan curry dish in the state and around the world." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Vindalho.jpg/268px-Vindalho.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Vindalho.jpg/403px-Vindalho.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Vindalho.jpg/536px-Vindalho.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pork <i><a href="/wiki/Vindaloo" title="Vindaloo">vindaloo</a></i> is a popular Goan curry dish in the state and around the world.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 179.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 177.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chamu%C3%A7as.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chamuças, Goan samosas"><img alt="Chamuças, Goan samosas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Chamu%C3%A7as.jpg/266px-Chamu%C3%A7as.jpg" decoding="async" width="178" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Chamu%C3%A7as.jpg/400px-Chamu%C3%A7as.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Chamu%C3%A7as.jpg/532px-Chamu%C3%A7as.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1881" data-file-height="1422" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Samosa" title="Samosa">Chamuças</a></i>, Goan samosas</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 203.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 201.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Goan_Fish_Curry.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Traditional Goan fish curry"><img alt="Traditional Goan fish curry" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Goan_Fish_Curry.jpg/302px-Goan_Fish_Curry.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Goan_Fish_Curry.jpg/453px-Goan_Fish_Curry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Goan_Fish_Curry.jpg/603px-Goan_Fish_Curry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Traditional Goan fish curry</div> </li> </ul> <p>Rice with fish <a href="/wiki/Curry" title="Curry">curry</a> (<i>xit koddi</i> in <a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a>) is the staple diet in Goa. <a href="/wiki/Goan_cuisine" title="Goan cuisine">Goan cuisine</a> is famous for its rich variety of fish dishes cooked with elaborate recipes. <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">Coconut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coconut_oil" title="Coconut oil">coconut oil</a> are widely used in Goan cooking along with <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili peppers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">spices</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vinegar" title="Vinegar">vinegar</a>, used in the Catholic cuisine, giving the food a unique flavor. Goan cuisine is heavily influenced by <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_cuisine" title="Portuguese cuisine">Portuguese cuisine</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Goan food may be divided into Goan Catholic and Goan Hindu cuisine with each showing very distinct tastes, characteristics, and cooking styles. <a href="/wiki/Pork" title="Pork">Pork</a> dishes such as <a href="/wiki/Vindaloo" title="Vindaloo">Vindalho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xacuti" title="Xacuti">Xacuti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chouri%C3%A7o" class="mw-redirect" title="Chouriço">chouriço</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sorpotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorpotel">Sorpotel</a> are cooked for major occasions among the <a href="/wiki/Goan_Catholics" title="Goan Catholics">Goan Catholics</a>. A mixed vegetable stew, known as <a href="/wiki/Khatkhate" title="Khatkhate">Khatkhate</a>, is a very popular dish during the celebrations of festivals, Hindu and Christian alike. Khatkhate contains at least five vegetables, fresh coconut, and special Goan spices that add to the aroma.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Sanna_(rice_cakes)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanna (rice cakes)">Sannas</a>, <i>Hitt</i>, are local rice cakes and <i>Polle</i>, <i>Amboli</i>, and <i>Kailoleo</i> are rice pancakes; all are native to Goa. A rich <a href="/wiki/Egg_(food)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg (food)">egg</a>-based, multi-layered baked sweet known as <a href="/wiki/Bebinca" title="Bebinca">bebinca</a> is traditional at Christmas.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The most popular alcoholic beverage in Goa is <a href="/wiki/Feni_(liquor)" title="Feni (liquor)">feni</a>. Cashew feni is made from the double distillation of the fermented fruit juice of the cashew tree, while coconut feni is made from the double distillation of the fermented sap of toddy palms. Urrak is another local liquor prepared from the single distillation of the fermented cashew fruit juice. In fact the bar culture is one of the unique aspects of the Goan villages where a local bar serves as a meeting point for villagers to unwind.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Goa also has a rich wine culture due to Portuguese rule.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 203.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 201.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Costa_Residence_Margao.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The House of the Seven Gables in Margao"><img alt="The House of the Seven Gables in Margao" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Costa_Residence_Margao.jpg/302px-Costa_Residence_Margao.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Costa_Residence_Margao.jpg/453px-Costa_Residence_Margao.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Costa_Residence_Margao.jpg/603px-Costa_Residence_Margao.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>The House of the Seven Gables</i> in <a href="/wiki/Margao" title="Margao">Margao</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Galeria_em_Fontainhas.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Velha Goa Galeria, in Panaji"><img alt="Velha Goa Galeria, in Panaji" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Galeria_em_Fontainhas.jpg/300px-Galeria_em_Fontainhas.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Galeria_em_Fontainhas.jpg/451px-Galeria_em_Fontainhas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Galeria_em_Fontainhas.jpg/600px-Galeria_em_Fontainhas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4633" data-file-height="3106" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Velha Goa Galeria</i>, in <a href="/wiki/Panaji" title="Panaji">Panaji</a></div> </li> </ul> <p>The architecture of Goa is a combination of native Goan, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_architecture" title="Islamic architecture">Ottoman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_architecture" title="Portuguese architecture">Portuguese</a> styles. Since the Portuguese ruled and governed for four centuries, many churches and houses bear a striking element of the Portuguese style of architecture. Goan Hindu houses do not show any Portuguese influence, though the modern temple architecture is an amalgam of original Goan temple style with <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_architecture" title="Dravidian architecture">Dravidian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hemadpanti" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemadpanti">Hemadpanti</a>, Islamic, and Portuguese architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-tempgoa_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tempgoa-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original Goan temple architecture fell into disuse as the temples were demolished by the Portuguese and the <i><a href="/wiki/Sthapati" class="mw-redirect" title="Sthapati">Sthapati</a></i> known as <i>Thavayi</i> in Konkani were converted to Christianity though the wooden work and the <i><a href="/wiki/Kaavi_art" title="Kaavi art">Kavi</a></i> murals can still be seen.<sup id="cite_ref-kavi_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kavi-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Goa" title="List of people from Goa">List of people from Goa</a></div><p>Famous people from Goa encompass various categories, such as architects, artists, engineers, governors, indologists & archaeologists, lawyers & judges, military personnel, models and pageant winners, politicians, individuals in the field of education, scientists and researchers, athletes, writers, editors, and journalists, as well as activists. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media_and_communication">Media and communication</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Media and communication"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Media_in_Goa" title="Media in Goa">Media in Goa</a></div> <p>Historically, the media in Goa grew in the late 1800's before being clamped down on during the rule of <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Oliveira_Salazar" title="António de Oliveira Salazar">António de Oliveira Salazar</a>. The first printing press in Goa was founded in 1556.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 1886, Tipografia Rangel, one of the pioneers in widescale publishing was founded.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to this the only existing presses were those of the government and individual family presses existing to print the political newspapers. Tipografia Rangel was among the leaders in providing print media to a larger section of society in Goa.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dr_Jaime_Portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Dr_Jaime_Portrait.jpg/220px-Dr_Jaime_Portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Dr_Jaime_Portrait.jpg/330px-Dr_Jaime_Portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Dr_Jaime_Portrait.jpg/440px-Dr_Jaime_Portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2810" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Valfredo_Rangel" title="Jaime Valfredo Rangel">Jaime Valfredo Rangel</a>, Director of Tipografia Rangel</figcaption></figure> <p>Goa is served by almost all <a href="/wiki/Television_channel" title="Television channel">television channels</a> available in India. Channels are received through cable in most parts of Goa. In the interior regions, channels are received via <a href="/wiki/Satellite_dish" title="Satellite dish">satellite dishes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doordarshan" title="Doordarshan">Doordarshan</a>, the national television broadcaster, has two free terrestrial channels on air.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>DTH (<a href="/wiki/Direct_To_Home" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct To Home">Direct To Home</a>) TV services are available from <a href="/wiki/Dish_TV" title="Dish TV">Dish TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Videocon_D2H" class="mw-redirect" title="Videocon D2H">Videocon D2H</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tata_Sky" class="mw-redirect" title="Tata Sky">Tata Sky</a> and <a href="/wiki/DD_Direct_Plus" class="mw-redirect" title="DD Direct Plus">DD Direct Plus</a>. The <a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">All India Radio</a> is the only <a href="/wiki/Radio_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio channel">radio channel</a> in the state that broadcasts on both <a href="/wiki/Frequency_Modulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Frequency Modulation">FM</a> and <a href="/wiki/Amplitude_Modulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Amplitude Modulation">AM</a> bands. Two AM channels are broadcast, the primary channel at 1287 kHz and the Vividh Bharati channel at 1539 kHz. AIR's FM channel is called FM Rainbow and is broadcast at 105.4 MHz. A number of private FM radio channels are available, <a href="/wiki/Big_FM_(Indian_radio_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Big FM (Indian radio station)">Big FM</a> at 92.7 and <a href="/wiki/Radio_Indigo" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Indigo">Radio Indigo</a> at 91.9 MHz. There is also an educational radio channel, <a href="/wiki/Gyan_Vani" title="Gyan Vani">Gyan Vani</a>, run by <a href="/wiki/IGNOU" class="mw-redirect" title="IGNOU">IGNOU</a> broadcast from Panaji at 107.8 MHz. In 2006, St Xavier's College, Mapusa, became the first college in the state to launch a campus community radio station "Voice of Xavier's".<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Major cellular service operators include <a href="/wiki/Bharti_Airtel" title="Bharti Airtel">Bharti Airtel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Essar" class="mw-redirect" title="Vodafone Essar">Vodafone Essar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idea_Cellular" title="Idea Cellular">Idea Cellular</a> (merged with Vodafone in 2018), <a href="/wiki/Telenor" title="Telenor">Telenor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reliance_Infocomm" class="mw-redirect" title="Reliance Infocomm">Reliance Infocomm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tata_DoCoMo" class="mw-redirect" title="Tata DoCoMo">Tata DoCoMo</a>, <a href="/wiki/BSNL" class="mw-redirect" title="BSNL">BSNL</a> <a href="/wiki/CellOne" class="mw-redirect" title="CellOne">CellOne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jio" title="Jio">Jio</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Local publications include the <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a> <i><a href="/wiki/O_Heraldo" title="O Heraldo">O Heraldo</a></i> (Goa's oldest, once a Portuguese language paper), <i>The Gomantak Times</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Navhind_Times" title="The Navhind Times">The Navhind Times</a></i>. In addition to these, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a></i> are also received from Mumbai and Bangalore in the urban areas. <i>The Times of India</i> has recently started publication from Goa itself, serving the local population news directly from the state capital. Among the list of officially accredited newspapers are <i>O Heraldo</i>, <i>The Navhind Times</i> and <i>The Gomantak Times</i> in English; <i>Bhaangar Bhuin</i> in Konkani (Devanagari script); and <i><a href="/wiki/Tarun_Bharat" title="Tarun Bharat">Tarun Bharat</a></i>, <i>Gomantak</i>, <i>Navprabha</i>, <i>Goa Times</i>, <i>Sanatan Prabhat</i>, <i>Govadoot</i> and <i>Lokmat</i> (all in Marathi). All are dailies. Other publications in the state include <i>Planet Goa</i> (English, monthly), <i><a href="/wiki/Goa_Today" title="Goa Today">Goa Today</a></i> (English, monthly), <i>Goan Observer</i> (English, weekly), <i><a href="/wiki/Vauraddeancho_Ixtt" title="Vauraddeancho Ixtt">Vauraddeancho Ixtt</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Konkani_in_the_Roman_script" title="Konkani in the Roman script">Roman-script Konkani</a>, weekly) <i>Goa Messenger</i>, <i>Vasco Watch</i>, <i>Gulab</i> (Konkani, monthly), <i>Bimb</i> (Devanagari-script Konkani).<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One <a href="/wiki/Electronic_mailing_list" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic mailing list">electronic mailing list</a> that is based in Goa is <a href="/wiki/Goanet" title="Goanet">Goanet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (June 2021)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Goans_in_sports" title="Goans in sports">Goans in sports</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fatorda_Stadium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Fatorda_Stadium.jpg/220px-Fatorda_Stadium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Fatorda_Stadium.jpg/330px-Fatorda_Stadium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Fatorda_Stadium.jpg/440px-Fatorda_Stadium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fatorda_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatorda Stadium">Fatorda Stadium</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Normally other states are fond of cricket but <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a> is the most popular sport in Goa and is embedded in Goan culture as a result of the Portuguese influence.<sup id="cite_ref-Mills_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mills-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its origins in the state are traced back to 1883 when the visiting Irish priest Fr. William Robert Lyons established the sport as part of a "Christian education".<sup id="cite_ref-Mills_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mills-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 22 December 1959, the <i>Associação de Futebol de Goa</i> was formed, which continues to administer the game in the state under the new name <a href="/wiki/Goa_Football_Association" title="Goa Football Association">Goa Football Association</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mills_116-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mills-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Goa, along with <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a><sup id="cite_ref-Mills_116-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mills-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the locus of football in India and is home to many football clubs in the national <a href="/wiki/I-League" title="I-League">I-League</a>. The state's football powerhouses include <a href="/wiki/Salgaocar_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Salgaocar F.C.">Salgaocar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dempo_S.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Dempo S.C.">Dempo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Churchill_Brothers_S.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Churchill Brothers S.C.">Churchill Brothers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vasco_S.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Vasco S.C.">Vasco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sporting_Clube_de_Goa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sporting Clube de Goa">Sporting Clube de Goa</a> and <a href="/wiki/FC_Goa" title="FC Goa">FC Goa</a>. The first <a href="/wiki/Unity_World_Cup" title="Unity World Cup">Unity World Cup</a> was held in Goa in 2014. The state's main football stadium, <a href="/wiki/Fatorda_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatorda Stadium">Fatorda Stadium</a>, is located at <a href="/wiki/Margao" title="Margao">Margao</a> and also hosts cricket matches.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state hosted few matches of the <a href="/wiki/2017_FIFA_U-17_World_Cup" title="2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup">2017 FIFA U-17 World Cup</a> and several matches of the <a href="/wiki/2022_FIFA_U-17_Women%27s_World_Cup" title="2022 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup">2022 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup</a> in Fatorda Stadium.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of Goans have represented India in football and six of them, namely <a href="/wiki/Samir_Subash_Naik" title="Samir Subash Naik">Samir Naik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Climax_Lawrence" title="Climax Lawrence">Climax Lawrence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brahmanand_Sankhwalkar" title="Brahmanand Sankhwalkar">Brahmanand Sankhwalkar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Coutinho_(footballer,_born_1969)" title="Bruno Coutinho (footballer, born 1969)">Bruno Coutinho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauricio_Afonso" title="Mauricio Afonso">Mauricio Afonso</a> and Roberto Fernandes have all captained the national team. Goa has its own <a href="/wiki/Goa_football_team" title="Goa football team">state football team</a> and league, the <a href="/wiki/Goa_Professional_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Goa Professional League">Goa Professional League</a>. It is probably the only state in India where cricket is not considered the most important of all sports. Goan's are avid football fans, particularly of the football teams from Portugal (Benfica, Sporting), and Brazil especially during major football events such as the European Cup and the World Cup championships. The Portuguese footballer <a href="/wiki/Ronaldo_(Portuguese_footballer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ronaldo (Portuguese footballer)">Ronaldo</a> and Brazilian <a href="/wiki/Neymar" title="Neymar">Neymar</a>, are revered superstar football players in Goa.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Goa also has its own <a href="/wiki/Goa_cricket_team" title="Goa cricket team">cricket team</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dilip_Sardesai" title="Dilip Sardesai">Dilip Sardesai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shikha_Pandey" title="Shikha Pandey">Shikha Pandey</a> remain the only Goans to date to play international cricket for <a href="/wiki/Indian_cricket_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian cricket team">India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another Goan cricketer, <a href="/wiki/Suyash_Prabhudessai" title="Suyash Prabhudessai">Suyash Prabhudessai</a> was selected by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Challengers_Bangalore" title="Royal Challengers Bangalore">Royal Challengers Bangalore</a> for a base price of <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹20 lakh</span> in <a href="/wiki/Indian_Premier_League" title="Indian Premier League">IPL</a> 2021 and for <span style="white-space: nowrap">₹30 lakh</span> in IPL 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>India (Goa) is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Lusofonia_Games" title="Lusofonia Games">Lusofonia games</a> which are hosted every four years in one of the Portuguese CPLP member countries, with 733 athletes from 11 countries. Most of the countries competing are countries that are members of the CPLP (Community of Portuguese Language Countries), but some are countries with significant Portuguese communities or have a history with Portugal. This event is similar in concept to the Commonwealth Games (for members of the Commonwealth of Nations) and the Jeux de la Francophonie (for the Francophone community).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Goa" title="Education in Goa">Education in Goa</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_institutions_of_higher_education_in_Goa" title="List of institutions of higher education in Goa">List of institutions of higher education in Goa</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 178px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Goa_University,_Goa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Goa University"><img alt="Goa University" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Goa_University%2C_Goa.jpg/267px-Goa_University%2C_Goa.jpg" decoding="async" width="178" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Goa_University%2C_Goa.jpg/401px-Goa_University%2C_Goa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Goa_University%2C_Goa.jpg/534px-Goa_University%2C_Goa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3720" data-file-height="2800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Goa_University" title="Goa University">Goa University</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 178.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carmel%27s_College_for_Women,_Nuvem,_Goa,_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Carmel College for Women, established more than 50 years ago to address the education gender gap, is affiliated to Goa University."><img alt="Carmel College for Women, established more than 50 years ago to address the education gender gap, is affiliated to Goa University." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Carmel%27s_College_for_Women%2C_Nuvem%2C_Goa%2C_India.jpg/268px-Carmel%27s_College_for_Women%2C_Nuvem%2C_Goa%2C_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Carmel%27s_College_for_Women%2C_Nuvem%2C_Goa%2C_India.jpg/403px-Carmel%27s_College_for_Women%2C_Nuvem%2C_Goa%2C_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Carmel%27s_College_for_Women%2C_Nuvem%2C_Goa%2C_India.jpg/536px-Carmel%27s_College_for_Women%2C_Nuvem%2C_Goa%2C_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Carmel College for Women, established more than 50 years ago to address the education gender gap, is affiliated to Goa University.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 180.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 178.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GMC_building.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Goa Medical College, previously called Escola Médico–Cirúrgica de Goa"><img alt="Goa Medical College, previously called Escola Médico–Cirúrgica de Goa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/GMC_building.jpg/268px-GMC_building.jpg" decoding="async" width="179" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/GMC_building.jpg/403px-GMC_building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/GMC_building.jpg/536px-GMC_building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Goa_Medical_College" title="Goa Medical College">Goa Medical College</a>, previously called <i>Escola Médico–Cirúrgica de Goa</i></div> </li> </ul> <p>Goa had India's earliest educational institutions built with European support. The Portuguese set up seminaries for religious education and parish schools for elementary education. Founded <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1542</span> by Saint Francis Xavier, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul%27s_College,_Goa" title="Saint Paul's College, Goa">Saint Paul's College, Goa</a> was a Jesuit school in Old Goa, which later became a college. St Paul's was once the main Jesuit institution in Asia. It housed the first printing press in India and published the first books in 1556.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Medical education began in 1801 with the offering of regular medical courses at the Royal and Military Hospital in the old City of Goa. Built-in 1842 as the Escola Médico-Cirúrgica de (Nova) Goa (Medical-Surgical School of Goa), <a href="/wiki/Goa_Medical_College" title="Goa Medical College">Goa Medical College</a> is one of Asia's oldest medical colleges and has one of the oldest medical libraries (since 1845).<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It houses the largest hospital in Goa and continues to provide medical training to this day.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>According to the 2011 census, Goa has a <a href="/wiki/Literacy_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Literacy rate">literacy rate</a> of 87%, with 90% of males and 84% of females being literate.<sup id="cite_ref-LitRate_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LitRate-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each taluka is made up of villages, each having a school run by the government. Private schools are preferred over government-run schools. All schools come under the <a href="/wiki/Goa_Board_of_Secondary_and_Higher_Secondary_Education" title="Goa Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education">Goa Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education</a>, whose syllabus is prescribed by the state education department. There are also a few schools that subscribe to the all-India <a href="/wiki/Indian_Certificate_of_Secondary_Education" title="Indian Certificate of Secondary Education">ICSE</a> syllabus or the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Open_Schooling" title="National Institute of Open Schooling">NIOS</a> syllabus. Most students in Goa complete their high school with English as the medium of instruction. Most primary schools, however, use Konkani and Marathi (in private, but government-aided schools). As is the case in most of India, enrolment for vernacular media has seen a fall in numbers in favour of English medium education. Per a report published in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>, 84% of Goan primary schools were run without an administrative head.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some notable schools in Goa include <a href="/wiki/Sharada_Mandir" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharada Mandir">Sharada Mandir</a> School in <a href="/wiki/Miramar,_Panaji" class="mw-redirect" title="Miramar, Panaji">Miramar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loyola_High_School_(Goa)" title="Loyola High School (Goa)">Loyola High School</a> in Margao and <a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_School,_Goa" title="The King's School, Goa">The King's School</a> in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_de_Areal" title="São José de Areal">São José de Areal</a>. After ten years of schooling, students join a Higher Secondary school, which offers courses in popular streams such as <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">Science</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Arts">Arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">Law</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">Commerce</a>. A student may also opt for a course in vocational studies. Additionally, they may join three-year <a href="/wiki/Diploma" title="Diploma">diploma</a> courses. Two years of college is followed by a <a href="/wiki/Professional_degree" title="Professional degree">professional degree</a> programme. <a href="/wiki/Goa_University" title="Goa University">Goa University</a>, the sole <a href="/wiki/University" title="University">university</a> in Goa, is located in <a href="/wiki/Taleig%C3%A3o" title="Taleigão">Taleigão</a> and most Goan colleges are affiliated with it.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There are six <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a> colleges in the state. <a href="/wiki/Goa_Engineering_College" title="Goa Engineering College">Goa Engineering College</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Technology_Goa" title="National Institute of Technology Goa">National Institute of Technology Goa</a> are government-funded colleges whereas the private engineering colleges include Don Bosco College of Engineering at Fatorda, Shree Rayeshwar Institute of Engineering and Information Technology at Shiroda, Agnel Institute of Technology, and Design (AITD), Assagao, Bardez and <a href="/wiki/Padre_Conceicao_College_of_Engineering" title="Padre Conceicao College of Engineering">Padre Conceicao College of Engineering</a> at Verna. In 2004, <a href="/wiki/Birla_Institute_of_Technology_and_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Birla Institute of Technology and Science">BITS Pilani</a> one of the premier institutes in India, inaugurated its second campus, the <a href="/wiki/Birla_Institute_of_Technology_%26_Science,_Pilani_%E2%80%93_Goa_Campus" class="mw-redirect" title="Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani – Goa Campus">BITS Pilani Goa Campus</a>, at Zuarinagar near <a href="/wiki/Dabolim" title="Dabolim">Dabolim</a>. The Indian Institute of Technology Goa (IIT Goa) began functioning from its temporary campus, located in Goa Engineering College since 2016. The site for permanent campus was finalised in Cotarli, <a href="/wiki/Sanguem" title="Sanguem">Sanguem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are colleges offering <a href="/wiki/Pharmacy" title="Pharmacy">pharmacy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dentistry" title="Dentistry">dentistry</a> along with numerous private colleges offering <a href="/wiki/Law" title="Law">law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal arts">arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">commerce</a> and <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a>. There are also two National Oceanographic Science related centres: the <a href="/wiki/National_Centre_for_Antarctic_and_Ocean_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research">National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research</a> in Vasco da Gama and the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Oceanography,_India" title="National Institute of Oceanography, India">National Institute of Oceanography</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dona_Paula" title="Dona Paula">Dona Paula</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Goa_Institute_of_Management" title="Goa Institute of Management">Goa Institute of Management</a> located at Sanquelim, near Panaji is one of India's premier business schools.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In addition to the engineering colleges, there are government polytechnic institutions in <a href="/wiki/Government_Polytechnic,_Panaji" title="Government Polytechnic, Panaji">Panaji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bicholim" title="Bicholim">Bicholim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Curchorem" title="Curchorem">Curchorem</a>, and aided institutions like Father Agnel Polytechnic in Verna and the Institute of Shipbuilding Technology in Vasco da Gama which impart technical and vocational training.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other colleges in Goa include Shri Damodar College of Commerce and Economics, V.V.M's R.M. Salgaocar Higher Secondary School in <a href="/wiki/Margao" title="Margao">Margao</a>, G.V.M's S.N.J.A higher secondary school, Don Bosco College, D.M.'s College of Arts, Science and Commerce, St Xavier's College, Carmel College, <a href="/wiki/The_Parvatibai_Chowgule_College" class="mw-redirect" title="The Parvatibai Chowgule College">The Parvatibai Chowgule College</a>, Dhempe College, Damodar College, M. E. S. College of Arts & Commerce, S. S. Samiti's Higher Secondary School of Science and Rosary College of Commerce & Arts. As the result of renewed interest in the Portuguese language and culture, Portuguese at all levels of instruction is offered in many schools in Goa, largely private ones. In some cases, Goan students do student exchange programs in Portugal.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Goa-Vasco_03-2016_12_Dabolim_Airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Goa-Vasco_03-2016_12_Dabolim_Airport.jpg/220px-Goa-Vasco_03-2016_12_Dabolim_Airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Goa-Vasco_03-2016_12_Dabolim_Airport.jpg/330px-Goa-Vasco_03-2016_12_Dabolim_Airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Goa-Vasco_03-2016_12_Dabolim_Airport.jpg/440px-Goa-Vasco_03-2016_12_Dabolim_Airport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5223" data-file-height="2938" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dabolim_Airport" title="Dabolim Airport">Goa International Airport, Dabolim</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Goa is served by two international Airports. <a href="/wiki/Dabolim_Airport" title="Dabolim Airport">Goa International Airport</a>, is a <a href="/wiki/Joint-use_airport" title="Joint-use airport">civil enclave</a> at <a href="/wiki/INS_Hansa" title="INS Hansa">INS Hansa</a>, a Naval airfield<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> located at <a href="/wiki/Dabolim" title="Dabolim">Dabolim</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama,_Goa" title="Vasco da Gama, Goa">Vasco da Gama</a> while the <a href="/wiki/Manohar_International_Airport" title="Manohar International Airport">Manohar International Airport</a> is located in the North at <a href="/wiki/Mopa,_Goa" title="Mopa, Goa">Mopa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within five months of its inception, Mopa airport began handling 30 per cent of all air traffic of Goa.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The airports cater to scheduled domestic and international air services, with the new airport having started international operations from March 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Goa has scheduled international connections to <a href="/wiki/Doha" title="Doha">Doha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muscat,_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscat, Oman">Muscat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sharjah_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharjah (city)">Sharjah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> by airlines like <a href="/wiki/Air_Arabia" title="Air Arabia">Air Arabia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Air_India" title="Air India">Air India</a>, <a href="/wiki/GoAir" class="mw-redirect" title="GoAir">GoAir</a>, <a href="/wiki/IndiGo" title="IndiGo">IndiGo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oman_Air" title="Oman Air">Oman Air</a>, <a href="/wiki/SpiceJet" title="SpiceJet">SpiceJet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qatar_Airways" title="Qatar Airways">Qatar Airways</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Welcome_to_Tivim_Goa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Welcome_to_Tivim_Goa.jpg/220px-Welcome_to_Tivim_Goa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Welcome_to_Tivim_Goa.jpg/330px-Welcome_to_Tivim_Goa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Welcome_to_Tivim_Goa.jpg/440px-Welcome_to_Tivim_Goa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3428" data-file-height="1122" /></a><figcaption>Most of Goa is well connected by roads.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kadamba_Tata_Marcopolo_Starbus_Ultra_Ac_Deluxe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Kadamba_Tata_Marcopolo_Starbus_Ultra_Ac_Deluxe.jpg/220px-Kadamba_Tata_Marcopolo_Starbus_Ultra_Ac_Deluxe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Kadamba_Tata_Marcopolo_Starbus_Ultra_Ac_Deluxe.jpg/330px-Kadamba_Tata_Marcopolo_Starbus_Ultra_Ac_Deluxe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Kadamba_Tata_Marcopolo_Starbus_Ultra_Ac_Deluxe.jpg/440px-Kadamba_Tata_Marcopolo_Starbus_Ultra_Ac_Deluxe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Government-run Kadamba buses at a bus station in Goa</figcaption></figure> <p>Goa's <a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">public transport</a> largely consists of privately operated buses linking the major towns to rural areas. Government-run buses, maintained by the <a href="/wiki/Kadamba_Transport_Corporation" title="Kadamba Transport Corporation">Kadamba Transport Corporation</a>, link major routes (like the Panaji–Margao route) and some remote parts of the state. The Corporation owns 15 bus stands, 4 depots and one Central workshop at Porvorim and a Head Office at Porvorim.<sup id="cite_ref-ES_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ES-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In large towns such as Panaji and Margao, intra-city buses operate. However, public transport in Goa is less developed, and residents depend heavily on their own transportation, usually motorised two-wheelers and small family cars.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Goa_Pilot_Vehicle.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Goa_Pilot_Vehicle.JPG/220px-Goa_Pilot_Vehicle.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Goa_Pilot_Vehicle.JPG/330px-Goa_Pilot_Vehicle.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Goa_Pilot_Vehicle.JPG/440px-Goa_Pilot_Vehicle.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Motorcycle Taxi or "Pilots"</figcaption></figure> <p>Goa has four <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Highway (India)">National Highways</a> passing through it. NH-66 (ex <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_17_(India)(old_numbering)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Highway 17 (India)(old numbering)">NH-17</a>) runs along India's west coast and links Goa to <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a> in the north and <a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a> to the south. <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_4A_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Highway 4A (India)">NH-4A</a> running across the state connects the capital Panaji to <a href="/wiki/Belgaum" title="Belgaum">Belgaum</a> in east, linking Goa to cities in the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan</a>. The NH-366 (ex <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_17A_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Highway 17A (India)">NH-17A</a>) connects NH-66 to <a href="/wiki/Mormugao" title="Mormugao">Mormugao</a> Port from Cortalim. The new NH-566 (ex NH-17B) is a four-lane highway connecting Mormugao Port to NH-66 at Verna via <a href="/wiki/Dabolim_Airport" title="Dabolim Airport">Dabolim Airport</a>, primarily built to ease pressure on the NH-366 for traffic to Dabolim Airport and Vasco da Gama. NH-768 (ex NH-4A) links Panaji and Ponda to Belgaum and NH-4. Goa has a total of 224 km (139 mi) of national highways, 232 km (144 mi) of state highway and 815 kilometres (506 miles) of district highway. National Highways in Goa are among the narrowest in the country and will remain so for the foreseeable future, as the state government has received an exemption that allows narrow national highways. In Kerala, highways are 45 metres (148 feet) wide. In other states National Highways are grade separated highways 60 metres (200 feet) wide with a minimum of four lanes, as well as 6 or 8 lane access-controlled expressways.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hired forms of transport include unmetered taxis and, in urban areas, <a href="/wiki/Auto_rickshaws" class="mw-redirect" title="Auto rickshaws">auto rickshaws</a>. Another form of transportation in Goa is the <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_taxi" title="Motorcycle taxi">motorcycle taxi</a>, operated by drivers who are locally called "pilots". These vehicles transport a single <a href="/wiki/Pillion" title="Pillion">pillion</a> rider, at fares that are usually negotiated. Other than buses, "pilots" tend to be the cheapest mode of transport.<sup id="cite_ref-Abram2004_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abram2004-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> River crossings in Goa are serviced by flat-bottomed <a href="/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry">ferry</a> boats, operated by the river navigation department.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Goa will get two new expressways in the coming years, which will connect the state and will enhance connectivity and commute with the rest of the country. They are as follows: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur%E2%80%93Goa_Expressway" title="Nagpur–Goa Expressway">Nagpur–Goa Expressway</a>: Proposed, to be completed by 2028/29.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Konkan Expressway: Proposed.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Margao_railwaystation.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Margao_railwaystation.JPG/220px-Margao_railwaystation.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Margao_railwaystation.JPG/330px-Margao_railwaystation.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Margao_railwaystation.JPG/440px-Margao_railwaystation.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3482" data-file-height="2424" /></a><figcaption>Margao railway station</figcaption></figure> <p>Goa has two <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">rail lines</a> – one run by the South Western Railway and the other by the <a href="/wiki/Konkan_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Konkan Railway">Konkan Railway</a>. The line run by the <a href="/wiki/South_Western_Railway_zone" title="South Western Railway zone">South Western Railway</a> was built during the colonial era linking the port town of <a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama,_Goa" title="Vasco da Gama, Goa">Vasco da Gama, Goa</a> with <a href="/wiki/Belgaum" title="Belgaum">Belgaum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hubli" title="Hubli">Hubli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> via <a href="/wiki/Margao" title="Margao">Margao</a>. The Konkan Railway line, which was built during the 1990s, runs parallel to the coast connecting major cities on the western coast.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metro">Metro</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Metro"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2018, a metro rail was planned by the <a href="/wiki/NITI_Aayog" title="NITI Aayog">NITI Aayog</a>, linking the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Panaji" title="Panaji">Panaji</a>. In the future, it would be extended from South Goa till the coastal city of <a href="/wiki/Karwar" title="Karwar">Karwar</a> in <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>, close to the Kanataka-Goa border.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Skybus_Metro">Skybus Metro</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Skybus Metro"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skybus_at_Station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Skybus_at_Station.jpg/220px-Skybus_at_Station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Skybus_at_Station.jpg/330px-Skybus_at_Station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Skybus_at_Station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="273" /></a><figcaption>Skybus Metro car at a station</figcaption></figure> <p>Indian scientist B. Rajaram started the ambitious <a href="/wiki/Skybus_Metro" title="Skybus Metro">Skybus Metro</a> project under the Konkan <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">Railway</a> Corporation in partnership with Bharat Earth Movers Limited (BEML). Like the Wuppertal Schwebebahn in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, the scheme proposed an elevated, suspended railway layout where vehicles would swing from above lines. The objective was to minimize urban congestion by offering a quick and effective urban transportation alternative. </p><p>Despite its promise, the <a href="/wiki/Project" title="Project">project</a> encountered some obstacles, like as safety issues after a 2004 test run disaster. The idea ultimately faced shelving despite its early promise and creative approach to urban transportation. </p><p>Although the Skybus did not succeed, the idea demonstrated India's desire to investigate other forms of <a href="/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">transportation</a>, and Indian Railways was granted a patent for the system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sea">Sea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Sea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Mormugao_Port_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormugao Port Trust">Mormugao Port Trust</a> near the city of Vasco handles mineral ore, petroleum, coal, and international containers. Much of the shipments consist of minerals and ores from Goa's hinterland. Panaji, which is on the banks of the Mandovi, has a minor port, which used to handle passengers <a href="/wiki/Steamboat" title="Steamboat">steamers</a> between Goa and Mumbai till the late 1980s. There was also a short-lived catamaran service linking Mumbai and Panaji operated by Damania Shipping in the 1990s.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organised_crime">Organised crime</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Organised crime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Organised_crime_in_India#Organised_crime_in_Goa" title="Organised crime in India">Organised crime in India § Organised crime in Goa</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Organised_crime_in_India&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> Several local Indian, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Mafia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Mafia">Russian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israeli_mafia" title="Israeli mafia">Israeli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_mafia" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigerian mafia">Nigerian</a> criminal groups are reported to be heavily involved in the organised drug trade in Goa, one of the smallest states of India. Sources reveal that there are also individual players who are British, French, Italian, Portuguese, and of other European nationalities. Some have been visiting the state for over two decades and have their fixed international and local clientele.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Goa has, in recent days, become a principal hub of the international drug trade apart from being a key point of consumption. According to estimates, drugs flowing out of different foreign locations lands on the comparatively unguarded Goan coastline as Mumbai and its hinterland are no longer considered an easy route for trafficking since checks by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Coastguard" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Coastguard">Coastguard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Navy" title="Indian Navy">Navy</a>, Customs, and other government bodies began.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_states">Sister states</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Sister states"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii"><img alt="Hawaii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, United States of America<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konkan" title="Konkan">Konkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Goa_and_Damaon" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Goa and Damaon">Portuguese Goa and Damaon</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNadaf2019" class="citation journal cs1">Nadaf, F M (April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334710163">"Geographical Diagnosis of Goa's Tourism beyond Sun and Sand"</a>. <i>Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Online+International+Interdisciplinary+Research+Journal&rft.atitle=Geographical+Diagnosis+of+Goa%27s+Tourism+beyond+Sun+and+Sand&rft.date=2019-04&rft.aulast=Nadaf&rft.aufirst=F+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F334710163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php">"Indian Districts by Population, Sex Ratio, Literacy 2011 Census"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110611224943/http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php">Archived</a> from the original on 11 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indian+Districts+by+Population%2C+Sex+Ratio%2C+Literacy+2011+Census&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census2011.co.in%2Fdistrict.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/6809/1/official_language_act.pdf">"The Goa, Daman and Diu Official Language Act, 1987"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>indiacode.nic.in</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=indiacode.nic.in&rft.atitle=The+Goa%2C+Daman+and+Diu+Official+Language+Act%2C+1987&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiacode.nic.in%2Fbitstream%2F123456789%2F6809%2F1%2Fofficial_language_act.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231231202646/https://dip.goa.gov.in/languages-of-goa/">"Languages of Goa"</a>. <i>Department of Information and Publicity</i>. Archived from the original on 31 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Information+and+Publicity&rft.atitle=Languages+of+Goa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdip.goa.gov.in%2Flanguages-of-goa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/7081/1/ocrol.pdf">"The Goa, Daman and Diu Official Language Act, 1987 (Act No. 5 of 1987) [14-4-1987]"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Secretary to the Government of Goa, Daman and Diu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Secretary+to+the+Government+of+Goa%2C+Daman+and+Diu&rft.atitle=The+Goa%2C+Daman+and+Diu+Official+Language+Act%2C+1987+%28Act+No.+5+of+1987%29+%5B14-4-1987%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiacode.nic.in%2Fbitstream%2F123456789%2F7081%2F1%2Focrol.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MOSPI-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MOSPI_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MOSPI_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/press_releases_statements/State_wise_SDP_15_03_2021.xls">"MOSPI State Domestic Product, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India"</a>. 15 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MOSPI+State+Domestic+Product%2C+Ministry+of+Statistics+and+Programme+Implementation%2C+Government+of+India&rft.date=2021-03-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmospi.nic.in%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpress_releases_statements%2FState_wise_SDP_15_03_2021.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GlobalDataLab-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ceda.ashoka.edu.in/hdi-how-states-fare-in-human-development/">"HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab"</a>. <i>hdi.globaldatalab.org</i>. 15 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hdi.globaldatalab.org&rft.atitle=HDI+-+Area+Database+-+Global+Data+Lab&rft.date=2021-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fceda.ashoka.edu.in%2Fhdi-how-states-fare-in-human-development%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pc-census2011-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pc-census2011_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180127163347/http://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf">"Census 2011 (Final Data) – Demographic details, Literate Population (Total, Rural & Urban)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>planningcommission.gov.in</i>. Planning Commission, Government of India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://planningcommission.gov.in/data/datatable/data_2312/DatabookDec2014%20307.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=planningcommission.gov.in&rft.atitle=Census+2011+%28Final+Data%29+%E2%80%93+Demographic+details%2C+Literate+Population+%28Total%2C+Rural+%26+Urban%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplanningcommission.gov.in%2Fdata%2Fdatatable%2Fdata_2312%2FDatabookDec2014%2520307.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-Goa" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=Goa">"Goa"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Goa&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fsearch%2Fdictionary%2F%3Fq%3DGoa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Goa">"Goa - state, India"</a>. <i>Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica&rft.atitle=Goa+-+state%2C+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FGoa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenn2014" class="citation book cs1">Henn, Alexander (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cFZ_BAAAQBAJ&q=google+book+Hindu-Catholic+encounters+in+Goa+:+religion,+colonialism,+and+modernity+karnataka&pg=PA5"><i>Hindu-Catholic Encounters in Goa: Religion, Colonialism, and Modernity</i></a>. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780253013002" title="Special:BookSources/9780253013002"><bdi>9780253013002</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/890531126">890531126</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190215160118/https://books.google.com/books?id=cFZ_BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5&lpg=PA5&dq=google+book+Hindu-Catholic+encounters+in+Goa+:+religion,+colonialism,+and+modernity+karnataka&source=bl&ots=BLS4SQqRFv&sig=ACfU3U15ylxdpquFrc3aItJzKOJZiT1ztg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi-9OLXwL3gAhWRiHAKHWBtCrQQ6AEwC3oECAQQAQ#v=snippet&q=karnataka&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindu-Catholic+Encounters+in+Goa%3A+Religion%2C+Colonialism%2C+and+Modernity&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Ind.&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F890531126&rft.isbn=9780253013002&rft.aulast=Henn&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcFZ_BAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dgoogle%2Bbook%2BHindu-Catholic%2Bencounters%2Bin%2BGoa%2B%3A%2Breligion%2C%2Bcolonialism%2C%2Band%2Bmodernity%2Bkarnataka%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKincaid,_JohnAroney,_Nicholas2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Kincaid_(political_scientist)" title="John Kincaid (political scientist)">Kincaid, John</a>; Aroney, Nicholas (2017). 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Random House. pp. 262–264. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-571-29090-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-571-29090-1"><bdi>978-0-571-29090-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conquerors%3A+How+Portugal+Forged+the+First+Global+Empire&rft.pages=262-264&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.isbn=978-0-571-29090-1&rft.au=Roger+Crowley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Priolkar1961-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Priolkar1961_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnant_Kakba_Priolkar1961" class="citation book cs1">Anant Kakba Priolkar (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=toz9yHz5XikC"><i>The Goa Inquisition: Being a Quatercentenary Commemoration Study of the Inquisition in India</i></a>. Bombay University Press. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Goa+Inquisition%3A+Being+a+Quatercentenary+Commemoration+Study+of+the+Inquisition+in+India&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Bombay+University+Press&rft.date=1961&rft.au=Anant+Kakba+Priolkar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dtoz9yHz5XikC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/the-palace-of-pernem/articleshow/43020381.cms">https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/the-palace-of-pernem/articleshow/43020381.cms</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.dempos.com/kalpavriksha-family/">https://www.dempos.com/kalpavriksha-family/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-42390008">"The day India freed Goa"</a>. 19 December 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190910190732/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-42390008">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+day+India+freed+Goa&rft.date=2017-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-india-42390008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/what-is-goas-opinion-poll-day-asmitai-dis-5543720/">"What is Goa's 'Opinion Poll Day'?"</a>. <i>Indian Express</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Express&rft.atitle=What+is+Goa%27s+%27Opinion+Poll+Day%27%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fexplained%2Fwhat-is-goas-opinion-poll-day-asmitai-dis-5543720%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tgf_Valmiki_Wams-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tgf_Valmiki_Wams_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaleiro" class="citation web cs1">Faleiro, Valmiki. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070303095040/http://www.colaco.net/1/ValmikiMonumentalShame.htm">"What a Monumental Shame !"</a>. The Goan Forum. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.colaco.net/1/ValmikiMonumentalShame.htm">the original</a> on 3 March 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+a+Monumental+Shame+%21&rft.pub=The+Goan+Forum&rft.aulast=Faleiro&rft.aufirst=Valmiki&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.colaco.net%2F1%2FValmikiMonumentalShame.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-goanews_opinion-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-goanews_opinion_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrabhudesai" class="citation web cs1">Prabhudesai, Sandesh. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080720140727/http://www.goanews.com/opinion.htm">"The Historic Opinion Poll"</a>. p. 1. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goanews.com/opinion.htm">the original</a> on 20 July 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Historic+Opinion+Poll&rft.pages=1&rft.aulast=Prabhudesai&rft.aufirst=Sandesh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goanews.com%2Fopinion.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoddar2008" class="citation book cs1">Poddar, Prem (2 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=peOqBgAAQBAJ&q=Goa+was+made+India's+twenty-fifth+state&pg=PA454"><i>Historical Companion to Postcolonial Literatures - Continental Europe and its Empires</i></a>. Edinburgh University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780748630271" title="Special:BookSources/9780748630271"><bdi>9780748630271</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Companion+to+Postcolonial+Literatures+-+Continental+Europe+and+its+Empires&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2008-07-02&rft.isbn=9780748630271&rft.aulast=Poddar&rft.aufirst=Prem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpeOqBgAAQBAJ%26q%3DGoa%2Bwas%2Bmade%2BIndia%27s%2Btwenty-fifth%2Bstate%26pg%3DPA454&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hiremath-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hiremath_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hiremath_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hiremath_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hiremath_39-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hiremath_39-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiremath2003" class="citation book cs1">Hiremath, K. G. (2003). <i>Recent advances in environmental science</i>. Discovery Pub. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Weather+Information+for+Goa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldweather.org%2F066%2Fc00528.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120120084100/http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/asia/india/goa_e.htm">"Climatological Information for Goa, India"</a>. Hong Kong Observatory. 15 August 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/asia/india/goa_e.htm">the original</a> on 20 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climatological+Information+for+Goa%2C+India&rft.pub=Hong+Kong+Observatory&rft.date=2011-08-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.gov.hk%2Fwxinfo%2Fclimat%2Fworld%2Feng%2Fasia%2Findia%2Fgoa_e.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goadpse.gov.in/Goa%20Economy%20in%20Figures%202017.pdf">"Directorate of Planning, Statistics & Evaluation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180404073156/http://www.goadpse.gov.in/Goa%20Economy%20in%20Figures%202017.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Directorate+of+Planning%2C+Statistics+%26+Evaluation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goadpse.gov.in%2FGoa%2520Economy%2520in%2520Figures%25202017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRubinoff1998" class="citation book cs1">Rubinoff, Arthur G. 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(1998). <i>The construction of a political community: integration and identity in Goa</i>. Sage Publications. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/38918113">38918113</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+construction+of+a+political+community%3A+integration+and+identity+in+Goa&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=Sage+Publications&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F38918113&rft.aulast=Rubinoff&rft.aufirst=Arthur+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindu.com/2005/01/31/stories/2005013104051100.htm">Odds stacked against Parrikar</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070313090814/http://www.hindu.com/2005/01/31/stories/2005013104051100.htm">Archived</a> 13 March 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Anil Sastry, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>, 31 January 2005, verified 2 April 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanerjee2007" class="citation news cs1">Banerjee, Sanjay (6 June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/congress-set-to-rule-goa-again/articleshow/2101667.cms">"Congress set to rule Goa again"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. Times Internet Limited. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090114130238/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2101667.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=North+Goa+District+website&rft.pub=northgoa.nic.in&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnorthgoa.nic.in%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/congress-asks-why-is-bjp-invited-to-form-government-in-goa-1669004">"Congress Asks Why Is BJP Invited To Form Government in Goa"</a>. ndtv.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170328105200/http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/congress-asks-why-is-bjp-invited-to-form-government-in-goa-1669004">Archived</a> from the original on 28 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=India%27s+religions+by+numbers&rft.date=2016-03-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Freligious-communities-census-2011-what-the-numbers-say%2Farticle7582284.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10682/download/13794/DS-3000-D01-MDDS.XLSX">"Table D-01 Population classified by place of birth and sex: Goa"</a>. <i>censusindia.gov.in</i>. <a href="/wiki/Registrar_General_and_Census_Commissioner_of_India" title="Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India">Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=censusindia.gov.in&rft.atitle=Table+D-01+Population+classified+by+place+of+birth+and+sex%3A+Goa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2Fnada%2Findex.php%2Fcatalog%2F10682%2Fdownload%2F13794%2FDS-3000-D01-MDDS.XLSX&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Menezes-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Menezes_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Menezes_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMenezes2021" class="citation news cs1">Menezes, Vivek (15 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210602213112/https://www.thehindu.com/society/who-belongs-to-goa-this-question-resurfaces-as-the-state-battles-the-raging-pandemic/article34554870.ece">"Who belongs to Goa? This question resurfaces as the State battles the raging pandemic"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/society/who-belongs-to-goa-this-question-resurfaces-as-the-state-battles-the-raging-pandemic/article34554870.ece">the original</a> on 2 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 July</span> 2023</span>. <q>Goans today represent less than 50% of the permanent population, and the pandemic has greatly accelerated this imbalance</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Who+belongs+to+Goa%3F+This+question+resurfaces+as+the+State+battles+the+raging+pandemic&rft.date=2021-05-15&rft.aulast=Menezes&rft.aufirst=Vivek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fsociety%2Fwho-belongs-to-goa-this-question-resurfaces-as-the-state-battles-the-raging-pandemic%2Farticle34554870.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-3000.XLSX">"C-16 Population By Mother Tongue - Goa"</a>. <i>census.gov.in</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=census.gov.in&rft.atitle=C-16+Population+By+Mother+Tongue+-+Goa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2FC-16%2FDDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-3000.XLSX&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2011-langreport-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census2011-langreport_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf">"Language – India, States and Union Territories"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Census of India 2011</i>. Office of the Registrar General. pp. 13–14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181114073412/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/C-16_25062018_NEW.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 14 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+of+India+2011&rft.atitle=Language+%E2%80%93+India%2C+States+and+Union+Territories&rft.pages=13-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011Census%2FC-16_25062018_NEW.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071008113359/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/35.htm">"42nd report: July 2003 – June 2004"</a>. Commissioner o fLinguistic Minorities. p. para 11.3. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/35.htm">the original</a> on 8 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=42nd+report%3A+July+2003+%E2%80%93+June+2004&rft.pages=para+11.3&rft.pub=Commissioner+o+fLinguistic+Minorities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnclm.nic.in%2Fshared%2Flinkimages%2F35.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navhindtimes.com/story.php?story=2008083147">"Solving the Language Imbroglio"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Navhind_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Navhind Times">Navhind Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120907004813/http://www.navhindtimes.com/story.php?story=2008083147">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Navhind+Times&rft.atitle=Solving+the+Language+Imbroglio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.navhindtimes.com%2Fstory.php%3Fstory%3D2008083147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-demographics-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-demographics_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement3.htm">"Census of India – DISTRIBUTION OF 10,000 PERSONS BY LANGUAGE"</a>. <i>censusindia.gov.in</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121011050151/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement3.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=censusindia.gov.in&rft.atitle=Census+of+India+%E2%80%93+DISTRIBUTION+OF+10%2C000+PERSONS+BY+LANGUAGE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2FCensus_Data_2001%2FCensus_Data_Online%2FLanguage%2FStatement3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomaz_2016-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thomaz_2016_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thomaz_2016_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomaz2016" class="citation journal cs1">Thomaz, Luís Filipe F. R. (1 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fhssr-2016-0021">"The Socio-Linguistic Paradox of Goa"</a>. <i>Human and Social Studies</i>. <b>5</b> (3): 15–38. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fhssr-2016-0021">10.1515/hssr-2016-0021</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2285-5920">2285-5920</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+and+Social+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Socio-Linguistic+Paradox+of+Goa&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=15-38&rft.date=2016-10-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fhssr-2016-0021&rft.issn=2285-5920&rft.aulast=Thomaz&rft.aufirst=Lu%C3%ADs+Filipe+F.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1515%252Fhssr-2016-0021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErnest_Hull1909" class="citation book cs1">Ernest Hull (1909). "Archdiocese of Goa". <i>Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. 6</i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Archdiocese+of+Goa&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia%2C+Vol.+6&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1909&rft.au=Ernest+Hull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaldhana2007" class="citation book cs1">Saldhana, Arun (2007). <i>Psychedelic White: Goa Trance and the Viscosity of Race</i>. University of Minnesota Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-4994-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-4994-5"><bdi>978-0-8166-4994-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Psychedelic+White%3A+Goa+Trance+and+the+Viscosity+of+Race&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-4994-5&rft.aulast=Saldhana&rft.aufirst=Arun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rajesh_Ghadge_2015-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rajesh_Ghadge_2015_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rajesh Ghadge (2015). <i>The story of Goan Migration.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dgoae.html">"Archdiocese of Goa e Damão"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic-Hierarchy.org" title="Catholic-Hierarchy.org">Catholic-Hierarchy.org</a></i>. 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080518044155/http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dgoae.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic-Hierarchy.org&rft.atitle=Archdiocese+of+Goa+e+Dam%C3%A3o&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic-hierarchy.org%2Fdiocese%2Fdgoae.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tourist_arrivals_in_Goa-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tourist_arrivals_in_Goa_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100827214441/http://www.goatourism.gov.in/About%20DOT/tourist_arrivals.htm">"Tourist Arrivals (Year Wise)"</a>. <i>Department of Tourism, Government of Goa website</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%5BGoanet%26%2393%3B+Goa+Govt.+institutes+award+in+memory+of+Dilip+Sardesai&rft.pub=Mail-archive.com&rft.date=2007-08-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mail-archive.com%2Fgoanet%40lists.goanet.org%2Fmsg15601.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iplt20.com/">"IPLT20.com - Indian Premier League Official Website"</a>. <i>www.iplt20.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Goa+airport+requests+shift+in+Navy%27s+flying+sorties+to+reduce+rush&rft.date=2016-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Findustry%2Ftransportation%2Fairlines-%2F-aviation%2Fgoa-airport-requests-shift-in-navys-flying-sorties-to-reduce-rush%2Farticleshow%2F55289748.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaurabh_Sinha2022" class="citation web cs1">Saurabh Sinha (11 December 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/goa-gets-its-2nd-airport-today-dabolim-to-also-remain-operational/articleshow/96147308.cms">"Goa gets its 2nd airport today, Dabolim to also remain operational - Times of India"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Goa+gets+its+2nd+airport+today%2C+Dabolim+to+also+remain+operational+-+Times+of+India&rft.date=2022-12-11&rft.au=Saurabh+Sinha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Findia-business%2Fgoa-gets-its-2nd-airport-today-dabolim-to-also-remain-operational%2Farticleshow%2F96147308.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://travel.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/aviation/domestic/manohar-intl-airport-handles-30-of-goas-air-traffic-cm-sawant/100587141">"Manohar Intl Airport handles 30% of Goa's air traffic: CM Sawant"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economic_Times" title="The Economic Times">The Economic Times</a></i>. 29 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Manohar+Intl+Airport+handles+30%25+of+Goa%27s+air+traffic%3A+CM+Sawant&rft.date=2023-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftravel.economictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Faviation%2Fdomestic%2Fmanohar-intl-airport-handles-30-of-goas-air-traffic-cm-sawant%2F100587141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aaco.org/media-center/news/aaco-members/36">"Oman Air to launch Muscat-Goa Mopa service"</a>. <i>Arab Air Carriers' Organization</i>. 18 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arab+Air+Carriers%27+Organization&rft.atitle=Oman+Air+to+launch+Muscat-Goa+Mopa+service&rft.date=2023-01-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aaco.org%2Fmedia-center%2Fnews%2Faaco-members%2F36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ES-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ES_136-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130525135649/http://www.goa.gov.in/pdf/goa-esurvey-2010-2011.pdf">"Economic Survey 2011–2012"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Government of Goa. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goa.gov.in/pdf/goa-esurvey-2010-2011.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Economic+Survey+2011%E2%80%932012&rft.pub=Government+of+Goa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goa.gov.in%2Fpdf%2Fgoa-esurvey-2010-2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalgoa.com/ca_disp.php?id=1428">Goa, Goa Breaking News</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140304100727/http://www.digitalgoa.com/ca_disp.php?id=1428">Archived</a> 4 March 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. DigitalGoa.com (31 August 2010). Retrieved 28 July 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/highway-authority-projects-hit-road-block-in-kerala-goa-bengal-112031100019_1.html">Highway authority projects hit road block in Kerala, Goa, Bengal</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131104061816/http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/highway-authority-projects-hit-road-block-in-kerala-goa-bengal-112031100019_1.html">Archived</a> 4 November 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Business Standard (11 March 2012). Retrieved 28 July 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abram2004-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Abram2004_139-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbram2004" class="citation book cs1">Abram, David (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GGZRtj4OnccC&pg=PA35"><i>The Rough Guide to Goa</i></a> (5th ed.). Rough Guides. p. 35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84353-081-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84353-081-7"><bdi>978-1-84353-081-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130527190325/http://books.google.com/books?id=GGZRtj4OnccC&pg=PA35">Archived</a> from the original on 27 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rough+Guide+to+Goa&rft.pages=35&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-84353-081-7&rft.aulast=Abram&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGGZRtj4OnccC%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/nagpur-goa-expressway-to-come-up-to-reduce-travel-time-fadnavis-8170887/">"Nagpur-Goa expressway to come up to reduce travel time: Fadnavis"</a>. <i>The Indian Express</i>. 24 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Nagpur-Goa+expressway+to+come+up+to+reduce+travel+time%3A+Fadnavis&rft.date=2022-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fcities%2Fmumbai%2Fnagpur-goa-expressway-to-come-up-to-reduce-travel-time-fadnavis-8170887%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesproperty.com/news/post/nagpur-goa-expressway-details-blid3908">"All about Nagpur - Goa Expressway"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">Times Property</a></i>. 15 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Times+Property&rft.atitle=All+about+Nagpur+-+Goa+Expressway&rft.date=2023-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesproperty.com%2Fnews%2Fpost%2Fnagpur-goa-expressway-details-blid3908&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/mumbai-news/cm-now-aims-for-konkan-expressway-101671218411627.html">"CM now aims for Konkan expressway"</a>. <i>Hindustan Times</i>. 17 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=CM+now+aims+for+Konkan+expressway&rft.date=2022-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Fcities%2Fmumbai-news%2Fcm-now-aims-for-konkan-expressway-101671218411627.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShah,_Reeta2018" class="citation news cs1">Shah, Reeta (29 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metrorailnews.in/goa-plans-for-metro-rail-line-from-north-to-south-goa/">"Goa plans for metro rail line from North to South Goa"</a>. <i>The Metro Rail News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Metro+Rail+News&rft.atitle=Goa+plans+for+metro+rail+line+from+North+to+South+Goa&rft.date=2018-08-29&rft.au=Shah%2C+Reeta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metrorailnews.in%2Fgoa-plans-for-metro-rail-line-from-north-to-south-goa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/Goas-drug-pie-sliced-up-between-foreign-local-gangs/articleshow/47005988.cms">"Goa's drug pie sliced up between foreign, local gangs - Times of India"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. 22 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Goa%27s+drug+pie+sliced+up+between+foreign%2C+local+gangs+-+Times+of+India&rft.date=2015-04-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fgoa%2FGoas-drug-pie-sliced-up-between-foreign-local-gangs%2Farticleshow%2F47005988.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/goa-sex-&-mafia-on-cocaine-coast/1/118228.html">"Goa: Sex & mafia on cocaine coast"</a>. 29 October 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Goa%3A+Sex+%26+mafia+on+cocaine+coast&rft.date=2010-10-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiatoday.intoday.in%2Fstory%2Fgoa-sex-%26-mafia-on-cocaine-coast%2F1%2F118228.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://invest.hawaii.gov/international/sister-states/">"Hawaii's Sister-States"</a>. <a href="/wiki/State_of_Hawai%27i" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Hawai'i">State of Hawai'i</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016200107/https://invest.hawaii.gov/international/sister-states/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hawaii%27s+Sister-States&rft.pub=State+of+Hawai%27i&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finvest.hawaii.gov%2Finternational%2Fsister-states%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Souza1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Teotonio_de_Souza" class="mw-redirect" title="Teotonio de Souza">de Souza, Teotonio R.</a> (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ruTu9oaUgUgC"><i>Essays in Goan history</i></a>. Concept Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7022-263-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7022-263-7"><bdi>978-81-7022-263-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essays+in+Goan+history&rft.pub=Concept+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-81-7022-263-7&rft.aulast=de+Souza&rft.aufirst=Teotonio+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DruTu9oaUgUgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Souza1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Teotonio_de_Souza" class="mw-redirect" title="Teotonio de Souza">de Souza, Teotonio R.</a> (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dwYDPnEjTb4C"><i>Goa Through the Ages: An economic history</i></a>. Goa University publication. Vol. 2. Concept Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7022-259-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7022-259-0"><bdi>978-81-7022-259-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Goa+Through+the+Ages%3A+An+economic+history&rft.series=Goa+University+publication&rft.pub=Concept+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-81-7022-259-0&rft.aulast=de+Souza&rft.aufirst=Teotonio+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdwYDPnEjTb4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJayne1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Jayne, Kingsley Garland (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Goa"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Goa">"Goa" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). pp. 159–161.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Goa&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=159-161&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Jayne&rft.aufirst=Kingsley+Garland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGoa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Andrada (undated). <i>The Life of Dom John de Castro: The Fourth Vice Roy of India</i>. Jacinto Freire de Andrada. Translated into English by Peter Wyche. (1664). Henry Herrington, New Exchange, London. Facsimile edition (1994) AES Reprint, New Delhi. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-206-0900-X" title="Special:BookSources/81-206-0900-X">81-206-0900-X</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goa&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Goa</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Goa" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Goa">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Goa" class="extiw" title="c:Goa">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Goa" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Goa">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Goa" class="extiw" title="q:Goa">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Goa" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Goa">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Goa" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Goa">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Goa" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Goa">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Goa" class="extiw" title="voy:Goa">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <dl><dt>Government</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goa.gov.in/">Government of Goa</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goatourism.gov.in/">Department of Tourism</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>General information</dt></dl> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></span></span> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/1997192">Goa</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Goa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Goa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Goa</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_State_of_Goa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Goa_topics" title="Template:Goa topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Goa_topics" title="Template talk:Goa topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Goa_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Goa topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_State_of_Goa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Goa%2C_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_Goa%2C_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Goa%2C_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_Goa%2C_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Goa%2C_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_Goa%2C_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/States_and_Union_Territories_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States and Union Territories of India">State</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Goa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Goa" title="History of Goa">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Goa" title="History of Goa">History of Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhojas_of_Goa" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhojas of Goa">Bhojas of Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadambas_of_Goa" title="Kadambas of Goa">Kadambas of Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa_Inquisition" title="Goa Inquisition">Goa Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Conquest_of_Goa_(1510)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Conquest of Goa (1510)">Portuguese conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Goa_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Goa State">Portuguese rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa_liberation_movement" title="Goa liberation movement">Liberation movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Goa" title="Annexation of Goa">Indian annexation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_Goa_status_referendum" title="1967 Goa status referendum">1967 status referendum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Goa" title="Government of Goa">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chief_Ministers_of_Goa" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chief Ministers of Goa">Chief Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa_Legislative_Assembly" title="Goa Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Goa" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of Goa">State seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_parties_in_Goa" title="Category:Political parties in Goa">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa_Police" title="Goa Police">Goa Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Fire_and_Emergency_Services,_Goa" title="Directorate of Fire and Emergency Services, Goa">Fire and Emergency Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa_civil_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Goa civil code">Goa civil code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dudhsagar_Falls" title="Dudhsagar Falls">Dudhsagar Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonsogor" title="Sonsogor">Sonsogor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Ghats" title="Western Ghats">Western Ghats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Goa" title="Category:Rivers of Goa">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Goa" title="List of districts of Goa">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Goa" class="mw-redirect" title="North Goa">North Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Goa" class="mw-redirect" title="South Goa">South Goa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Taluks_of_Goa" title="Category:Taluks of Goa">Talukas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bardez" class="mw-redirect" title="Bardez">Bardez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicholim_taluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicholim taluk">Bicholim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canacona_taluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Canacona taluk">Canacona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharbandora" class="mw-redirect" title="Dharbandora">Dharbandora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormugao_taluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormugao taluk">Mormugao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pernem_taluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Pernem taluk">Pernem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponda_taluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Ponda taluk">Ponda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quepem_taluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Quepem taluk">Quepem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salcete" class="mw-redirect" title="Salcete">Salcete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanguem_taluk" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanguem taluk">Sanguem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sattari" class="mw-redirect" title="Sattari">Sattari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiswadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiswadi">Tiswadi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panjim" class="mw-redirect" title="Panjim">Panjim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margao" title="Margao">Margao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama,_Goa" title="Vasco da Gama, Goa">Vasco da Gama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapusa" title="Mapusa">Mapusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponda,_Goa" title="Ponda, Goa">Ponda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Goa" title="Old Goa">Old Goa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Heritage sites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Churches_and_Convents_of_Goa" class="mw-redirect" title="Churches and Convents of Goa">Churches and Convents of Goa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Bom_Jesus" title="Basilica of Bom Jesus">Basilica of Bom Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_and_Convent_of_St._Francis_of_Assisi" title="Church and Convent of St. Francis of Assisi">Church and Convent of St. Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Rosary_(Goa)" title="Church of Our Lady of the Rosary (Goa)">Church of Our Lady of the Rosary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Augustine,_Goa" title="Church of St. Augustine, Goa">Church of St. Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se_Cathedral" title="Se Cathedral">Se Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Cajetan_Church" title="St. Cajetan Church">St. Cajetan Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Goa" title="Old Goa">Old Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontainhas_(quarter)" title="Fontainhas (quarter)">Fontainhas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadev_Temple,_Tambdi_Surla" title="Mahadev Temple, Tambdi Surla">Mahadev Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangueshi_Temple" title="Mangueshi Temple">Mangueshi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanta_Durga_Temple" title="Shanta Durga Temple">Shanta Durga Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wildlife sanctuaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhagwan_Mahaveer_Sanctuary_and_Mollem_National_Park" title="Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park">Mollem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netravali_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Netravali Wildlife Sanctuary">Netravali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadeyi_Wildlife_Sanctuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahadeyi Wildlife Sanctuary">Mahadayi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotigao_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Cotigao Wildlife Sanctuary">Cotigao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bondla_Wildlife_Sanctuary" title="Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary">Bondla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salim_Ali_Bird_Sanctuary" title="Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary">Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_and_fauna_of_Goa" title="Flora and fauna of Goa">Flora and fauna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Goa" title="Education in Goa">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goa_University" title="Goa University">Goa University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Universities_and_colleges_in_Goa" title="Category:Universities and colleges in Goa">Colleges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Schools_in_Goa" title="Category:Schools in Goa">Schools</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goans_in_science_and_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Goans in science and technology">Goans in science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Oceanography,_India" title="National Institute of Oceanography, India">National Institute of Oceanography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Centre_for_Antarctic_and_Ocean_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research">National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Goa" title="Culture of Goa">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comunidade" class="mw-redirect" title="Comunidade">Comunidades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goan_cuisine" title="Goan cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goans" title="Goans">Goans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkani_people" title="Konkani people">Konkani people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkani_cinema" title="Konkani cinema">Konkani cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goan_literature" title="Goan literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Goa" title="Media in Goa">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Goa" title="Music of Goa">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shigmo" title="Shigmo">Shigmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zatra" title="Zatra">Zatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goans_in_sports" title="Goans in sports">Goans in sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiatr" title="Tiatr">Tiatr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_Goa" title="Category:Sport in Goa">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goa_football_team" title="Goa football team">Goa football team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa_cricket_team" title="Goa cricket team">Goa cricket team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchill_Brothers_S.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Churchill Brothers S.C.">Churchill Brothers S.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dempo_S.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Dempo S.C.">Dempo S.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salgaocar_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Salgaocar F.C.">Salgaocar F.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesa_Football_Academy" title="Sesa Football Academy">Sesa Football Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporting_Clube_de_Goa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sporting Clube de Goa">Sporting Clube de Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasco_S.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Vasco S.C.">Vasco S.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FC_Goa" title="FC Goa">FC Goa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stadia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatorda_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatorda Stadium">Fatorda Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilak_Maidan_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Tilak Maidan Stadium">Tilak Maidan Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Rajendra_Prasad_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr. Rajendra Prasad Stadium">Dr. Rajendra Prasad Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Competitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goa_Football_League" title="Goa Football League">Goa Football League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dabolim_Airport" title="Dabolim Airport">Dabolim Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manohar_International_Airport" title="Manohar International Airport">Manohar Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadamba_Transport_Corporation" title="Kadamba Transport Corporation">Kadamba Transport Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkan_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Konkan Railway">Konkan Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormugao_Port_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormugao Port Trust">Mormugao Port Trust</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Goa" title="Category:Goa">Category</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Goa" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Goa">Wikiproject</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="States_and_union_territories_of_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="Template:States and union territories of India"><abbr title="View this 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title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryana" title="Haryana">Haryana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himachal_Pradesh" title="Himachal Pradesh">Himachal Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh" title="Madhya Pradesh">Madhya Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Union_territory" title="Union territory">Union territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands" title="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli_and_Daman_and_Diu" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu">Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Lakshadweep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puducherry_(union_territory)" title="Puducherry (union territory)">Puducherry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capitals in India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_divisions_of_India" title="Autonomous administrative divisions of India">Autonomous administrative divisions of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_states_and_union_territories_of_India" title="Proposed states and union territories of India">Proposed states and union territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Historical_Indian_regions" title="Category:Historical Indian regions">Historical Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Presidencies_of_British_India" title="Category:Presidencies of British India">British Provinces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups,_social_groups_and_tribes_of_Goa_and_the_Konkan_region" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_and_social_groups_of_Goa_and_the_Konkan" title="Template:Ethnic and social groups of Goa and the Konkan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_and_social_groups_of_Goa_and_the_Konkan" title="Template talk:Ethnic and social groups of Goa and the Konkan"><abbr title="Discuss this 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(caste)">Maratha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomantak_Maratha_Samaj" title="Gomantak Maratha Samaj">Gomantak Maratha Samaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naik_Maratha" class="mw-redirect" title="Naik Maratha">Naik Maratha Samaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharvi" title="Kharvi">Kharvi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saraswat_Brahmin" title="Saraswat Brahmin">Saraswats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chitrapur_Saraswat_Brahmin" title="Chitrapur Saraswat Brahmin">Chitrapur Saraswat Brahmins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudaldeshkar_Gaud_Brahmin" title="Kudaldeshkar Gaud Brahmin">Kudaldeshkar Gaud Brahmins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaud_Saraswat_Brahmin" title="Gaud Saraswat Brahmin">Gaud Saraswat Brahmins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajapur_Saraswat_Brahmin" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajapur Saraswat Brahmin">Rajapur Saraswat Brahmins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Karhades</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karhade_Brahmin" title="Karhade Brahmin">Karhade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padye" title="Padye">Padhye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhatt_Prabhu" title="Bhatt Prabhu">Bhatt Prabhu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Konkanasthas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chitpavan_Brahmins" title="Chitpavan Brahmins">Chitpavan Brahmins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Daivadnya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daivadnya_Brahmin" class="mw-redirect" title="Daivadnya Brahmin">Daivadnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shett" title="Shett">Shett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vaishya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaishya_Vani" title="Vaishya Vani">Vaishya Vani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prabhus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandraseniya_Kayastha_Prabhu" title="Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu">Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhandari" title="Bhandari">Bhandari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamar" title="Chamar">Chamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhangar" title="Dhangar">Dhangar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabit" title="Gabit">Gabit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gauda_and_Kunbi" title="Gauda and Kunbi">Gauda and Kunbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavli" title="Gavli">Gavli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koli_people" title="Koli people">Koli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komarpant" title="Komarpant">Komarpant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madval" title="Madval">Madval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahar" title="Mahar">Mahar</a> (Mhar)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddis_of_Karnataka" title="Siddis of Karnataka">Siddis of Karnataka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roman Catholics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bombay_East_Indians" title="Bombay East Indians">Bombay East Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goan_Catholics" title="Goan Catholics">Goan Catholics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karwari_Catholics" title="Karwari Catholics">Karwari Catholics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koli_Christians" title="Koli Christians">Koli Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangalorean_Catholics" title="Mangalorean Catholics">Mangalorean Catholics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islam</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goan_Muslims" title="Goan Muslims">Goan Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkani_Muslims" title="Konkani Muslims">Konkani Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawayath" title="Nawayath">Nawayath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caste_system_in_Goa" title="Caste system in Goa">Caste system in Goa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goans" title="Goans">Goans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkani_people" title="Konkani people">Konkani people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Communities_in_Goa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Communities_in_Goa" title="Template:Communities in Goa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Communities_in_Goa" title="Template talk:Communities in Goa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Communities_in_Goa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Communities in Goa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Communities_in_Goa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Communities in Goa</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konkani_Brahmins" class="mw-redirect" title="Konkani Brahmins">Konkani Brahmins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_people" title="Marathi people">Marathis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannadiga" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannadiga">Kannadigas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunbi" title="Kunbi">Kunbis</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shantadurga_temple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Shantadurga_temple.jpg/75px-Shantadurga_temple.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Shantadurga_temple.jpg/112px-Shantadurga_temple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Shantadurga_temple.jpg/150px-Shantadurga_temple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="669" /></a></span><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:S%C3%A9_de_Santa_Catarina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/S%C3%A9_de_Santa_Catarina.jpg/67px-S%C3%A9_de_Santa_Catarina.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/S%C3%A9_de_Santa_Catarina.jpg/100px-S%C3%A9_de_Santa_Catarina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/S%C3%A9_de_Santa_Catarina.jpg/133px-S%C3%A9_de_Santa_Catarina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goan_Catholics" title="Goan Catholics">Goan Catholics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konkani_Muslims" title="Konkani Muslims">Konkani Muslims</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><b>Portal Goa</b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/19px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" 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data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/21px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/42px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/50332d7b-4cf9-4947-a791-b8ff95b07767">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Goa&oldid=1259031204">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Goa&oldid=1259031204</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Goa" title="Category:Goa">Goa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Konkan" 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