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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning mw-revision"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content"><div id="mw-revision-info"><p><b>This is an <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">old revision</a> of this page, as edited by <span id="mw-revision-name"><a href="/wiki/User:K.e.coffman" class="mw-userlink" title="User:K.e.coffman" data-mw-revid="855105218"><bdi>K.e.coffman</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:K.e.coffman" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:K.e.coffman">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/K.e.coffman" 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The present address (URL) is a <a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">permanent link</a> to this revision, which may differ significantly from the <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/36th_Estonian_Police_Battalion">current revision</a></span>.</b></p><div id="revision-info-plain" style="display: none;">Revision as of 00:10, 16 August 2018 by <a href="/wiki/User:K.e.coffman" class="mw-userlink" title="User:K.e.coffman" data-mw-revid="855105218"><bdi>K.e.coffman</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:K.e.coffman" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:K.e.coffman">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/K.e.coffman" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/K.e.coffman">contribs</a>)</span> <span class="comment">(Partial revert per <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:BRD" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:BRD">WP:BRD</a> - will preserve on Talk; pls see <a 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.infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">36th Estonian Police Battalion</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">23 November 1941 – 18 January 1943</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Schutzmannschaft" title="Schutzmannschaft">Schutzmannschaft</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Auxiliary_Police" title="Estonian Auxiliary Police">Estonian Auxiliary Police</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Battalion</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Role</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bandenbek%C3%A4mpfung" title="Bandenbekämpfung">Rear security</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Size</th><td class="infobox-data">438 (August 1942)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/SS" class="mw-redirect" title="SS">SS</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Notable<br />commanders</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harald_Riipalu" title="Harald Riipalu">Harald Riipalu</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p><b>36th Estonian Police Battalion</b> (also known as <i>Schutzmannschaft Front Bataillon 36 Arensburg</i> (German) and <i>36. Kaitse Rindepataljon</i> (Estonian)) was an Estonian <a href="/wiki/Bandenbek%C3%A4mpfung" title="Bandenbekämpfung">rear-security</a> unit during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> that operated under command of the German <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operational_history">Operational history</h2></div> <p>The 36th Estonian Police Battalion was established on 23 November 1941, and was formed in western Estonia and on <a href="/wiki/West_Estonian_archipelago" title="West Estonian archipelago">Estonian islands</a>. Between May and August 1942, the battalion was in training and received reinforcements from other units, bringing its total stenght to 23 officers, 161 non-commissioned officers, and 254 troops.<sup id="cite_ref-hiio2011_p208_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hiio2011_p208-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It participated at <a href="/wiki/Anti-partisan_operations_in_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-partisan operations in Belarus">rear-security and anti-partisan operations in Belarus</a> and guarded the <a href="/wiki/Prisoner-of-war_camp" title="Prisoner-of-war camp">prisoner-of-war camps</a> in the coal mines of <a href="/wiki/Stalino" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalino">Stalino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Makeyevka" class="mw-redirect" title="Makeyevka">Makeyevka</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hiio_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hiio-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 22 November to 31 December 1942 the battalion took part of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hiio_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hiio-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having suffered casualties of 39 killed, 97 wounded, and 11 missing, the battalion was brought back to Estonia in January 1943 and disbanded, with many men joining the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Legion" title="Estonian Legion">Estonian Legion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hiio2011_p209_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hiio2011_p209-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>36th battalion was reformed in May 1943, and in autumn was sent to the front at <a href="/wiki/Nevel_(town)" title="Nevel (town)">Nevel</a> where it was merged into 288th battalion.<sup id="cite_ref-hiio2011_p209_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hiio2011_p209-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Novogrudok">Novogrudok</h2></div> <p>On 6 and 7 August 3000–5000 Jews were killed in the area of <a href="/wiki/Navahrudak#World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Navahrudak">Novogrudok, Belarus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hiio2011_p209_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hiio2011_p209-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kaasik_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaasik-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 36th battalion was in the area at period from 4 August to 25 August 1942. The battalion's 16 August report stated that the battalion was engaged in "fighting against partisans".<sup id="cite_ref-hiio2011_p208_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hiio2011_p208-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kaasik_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaasik-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_International_Commission_for_Investigation_of_Crimes_Against_Humanity" title="Estonian International Commission for Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity">Estonian International Commission for Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity</a>, "the 36th Police Battalion participated on August 7, 1942 in the gathering together and shooting of almost all the Jews still surviving in the town of Novogrudok". The Commission's report noted:<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>In the published records, this unit was described as fighting against partisans at the time. The Commission believes that although there clearly were numerous engagements between police units and partisans, "fighting against partisans" and "guarding prisoner of war camps" were at times ways of describing participation in actions against civilians, including Jews.</p></blockquote> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Internal_Security_Service" title="Estonian Internal Security Service">Estonian Internal Security Service</a> (KaPo) investigation into the battalion's activities concluded that there was no evidence about participation in war crimes or crimes against humanity.<sup id="cite_ref-epl_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epl-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-hiio2011_p208-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hiio2011_p208_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hiio2011_p208_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHiio2011" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hiio, Toomas (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publications.tlu.ee/index.php/eymh/article/view/450/334">"Eesti üksustest Wehrmacht'i, SSi ja politsei ning Relva-SSi alluvuses Teise maailmasõja ajal"</a>. <i>Estonian Yearbook of Military History</i> (in Estonian): 208<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estonian+Yearbook+of+Military+History&rft.atitle=Eesti+%C3%BCksustest+Wehrmacht%E2%80%99i%2C+SSi+ja+politsei+ning+Relva-SSi+alluvuses+Teise+maailmas%C3%B5ja+ajal&rft.pages=208&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Hiio&rft.aufirst=Toomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublications.tlu.ee%2Findex.php%2Feymh%2Farticle%2Fview%2F450%2F334&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A36th+Estonian+Police+Battalion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Massimo Arico, Ordnungspolizei - Encyclopedia of the German police battalions September 1939 - July 1942, p. 144-145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hiio-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hiio_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hiio_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAivar_Niglas,_Toomas_Hiio2006" class="citation book cs1">Aivar Niglas, Toomas Hiio (2006). "Estonian defence battalions / police battalions". In Toomas Hiio; Meelis Maripuu; Indrek Paavle (eds.). <i>Estonia 1940–1945: Reports of the Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity</i>. Tallinn. pp. 825–876.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Estonian+defence+battalions+%2F+police+battalions&rft.btitle=Estonia+1940%E2%80%931945%3A+Reports+of+the+Estonian+International+Commission+for+the+Investigation+of+Crimes+Against+Humanity&rft.place=Tallinn&rft.pages=825-876&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Aivar+Niglas%2C+Toomas+Hiio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A36th+Estonian+Police+Battalion" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Check <code class="cs1-code">|author=</code> value (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bad_paramlink" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hiio2011_p209-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hiio2011_p209_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hiio2011_p209_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hiio2011_p209_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiio2011" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hiio, Toomas (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://publications.tlu.ee/index.php/eymh/article/view/450/334">"Eesti üksustest Wehrmacht'i, SSi ja politsei ning Relva-SSi alluvuses Teise maailmasõja ajal"</a>. <i>Estonian Yearbook of Military History</i> (in Estonian): 209<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estonian+Yearbook+of+Military+History&rft.atitle=Eesti+%C3%BCksustest+Wehrmacht%E2%80%99i%2C+SSi+ja+politsei+ning+Relva-SSi+alluvuses+Teise+maailmas%C3%B5ja+ajal&rft.pages=209&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Hiio&rft.aufirst=Toomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublications.tlu.ee%2Findex.php%2Feymh%2Farticle%2Fview%2F450%2F334&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A36th+Estonian+Police+Battalion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaasik-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kaasik_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaasik_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaasik2017" class="citation journal cs1">Kaasik, Peeter (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ra.ee/tuna/en/what-did-the-36th-estonian-front-defence-battalion-do-in-novogrudok/">"What Did the 36th Estonian Front Defence Battalion Do in Novogrudok?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_of_Estonia" title="National Archives of Estonia">Tuna</a></i>. <b>2</b><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tuna&rft.atitle=What+Did+the+36th+Estonian+Front+Defence+Battalion+Do+in+Novogrudok%3F&rft.volume=2&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Kaasik&rft.aufirst=Peeter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ra.ee%2Ftuna%2Fen%2Fwhat-did-the-36th-estonian-front-defence-battalion-do-in-novogrudok%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A36th+Estonian+Police+Battalion" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mnemosyne.ee/hc.ee/pdf/conclusions_en_1941-1944.pdf">"PHASE II: THE GERMAN OCCUPATION OF ESTONIA IN 1941–1944"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Estonian_International_Commission_for_Investigation_of_Crimes_Against_Humanity" title="Estonian International Commission for Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity">Estonian International Commission for Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity</a>. p. XXI<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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