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id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Estrès</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> reacció fisiològica de l'organisme </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estr%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Llengua" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Llengua</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" 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</nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p>L'<b>estrès </b>(o <b>estrés</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estr%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) o<b> tensió</b> és una reacció excessiva del cos o la ment a causa d'una sobre-estimulació de l'entorn i la incapacitat de disminuir l'estat d'alerta. En determinades circumstàncies aquesta tensió corporal i mental desemboca en una <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaltia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malaltia">malaltia</a>. En un origen l'estrès és beneficiós per a la majoria d'animals, ja que n'assegura la supervivència en moments de perill (accidents, amenaces de depredadors...) i els permet reaccionar davant una situació d'amenaça per alguna acció traumàtica, tòxica, infecciosa, psicològica, etc. Tanmateix quan aquest estrès perdura quan desapareix l'amenaça pot començar a generar conductes i reaccions excessives o inadaptades a les noves circumstàncies.</p> <table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em"> <caption style="font-weight:bold;background-color:#b0d1ad;background-color:#b0d1ad;valign=center; padding:1px;"> <span style="float:left;margin:1.5px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Arrythmia_noun_246518_cc.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Plantilla:Infotaula malaltia"><img alt="Plantilla:Infotaula malaltia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Arrythmia_noun_246518_cc.svg/22px-Arrythmia_noun_246518_cc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Arrythmia_noun_246518_cc.svg/33px-Arrythmia_noun_246518_cc.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Arrythmia_noun_246518_cc.svg/44px-Arrythmia_noun_246518_cc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="53" data-file-height="51"></a></span></span>Estrès </caption> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;padding-bottom:0.1em;line-height:1.35;font-size:98%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Response_to_stress.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Response_to_stress.jpg/271px-Response_to_stress.jpg" decoding="async" width="271" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Response_to_stress.jpg/406px-Response_to_stress.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Response_to_stress.jpg/541px-Response_to_stress.jpg 2x" data-file-width="892" data-file-height="989"></a></span> <span data-bridge-edit-flow="overwrite"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123414?uselang%3Dca%23P18" title="modifica"><img alt="modifica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding-right: 1.2em; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee; text-align: start;">Tipus</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proc%C3%A9s_biol%C3%B2gic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Procés biològic">procés biològic</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Factor_de_risc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Factor de risc">factor de risc</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123414?uselang%3Dca%23P279" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:#b0d1ad;background-color:#b0d1ad;"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patog%C3%A8nesi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patogènesi">Patogènesi</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding-right: 1.2em; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee; text-align: start;">Causat per</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estressor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estressor">estressor</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123414?uselang%3Dca%23P828" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:#b0d1ad;background-color:#b0d1ad;">Recursos externs</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;padding-right: 1.2em; color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee; text-align: start;"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2025/MB_cgi?field%3Duid%26term%3DD013312">D013312</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123414?uselang%3Dca%23P486" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>L'estrès està relacionat amb l'augment d'activitat de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Formaci%C3%B3_reticular?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Formació reticular">formació reticular</a> del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sistema_nervi%C3%B3s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sistema nerviós">sistema nerviós</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-chile_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estr%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-chile-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="ca" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contingut</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estr%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Etimologia"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Etimologia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estr%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tipologia"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Tipologia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estr%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Factor_de_risc"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Factor de risc</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estr%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Estr%C3%A8s_laboral"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Estrès laboral</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estr%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Resposta_nerviosa_i_hormonal"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Resposta nerviosa i hormonal</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estr%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vegeu_tamb%C3%A9"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Vegeu també</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estr%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliografia"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliografia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estr%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Refer%C3%A8ncies"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Referències</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estr%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Enlla%C3%A7os_externs"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Enllaços externs</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Etimologia">Etimologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Estr%C3%A8s&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Etimologia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>El terme <b>estrès</b> és un <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglicisme">anglicisme</a> que prové de la paraula anglesa <i>stress</i> que significa tensió o <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/For%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Força">força</a> constrictiva. La paraula anglesa referida a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Psicologia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Psicologia">psicologia</a> prové de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metal%C2%B7l%C3%BArgia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Metal·lúrgia">metal·lúrgia</a>. Ve de l'efecte que, en <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catal%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Català">català</a>, es diu <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cansament?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cansament">fatiga</a> -i en anglès és <i>stress</i>- i que es refereix a un tipus de trencament, a causa de l'ús, que no es veu venir òpticament, ja que no es bomba ni es creen escletxes sinó únicament una distribució microscòpica de les molècules diferent, i que es va modificant fins que el material es trenca inesperadament i sense motiu aparent.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Tipologia">Tipologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Estr%C3%A8s&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Tipologia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Tenint en compte diversos factors implicats en la manifestació d'estrès es parla de:</p> <ul> <li>Hipoestrès (poc estrès) i Hiperestrés (molt d'estrès).</li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Distr%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Distrès">Distrès</a> (un estrès negatiu, en el qual les demandes són molt grans per al nostre organisme) i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Euestr%C3%A8s&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Euestrès (encara no existeix)">Euestrès</a> (estrès positiu, quan l'estrès estimula a millorar-nos i superar-lo).</li> <li>Estrès agut (curt en el temps, però de molta intensitat, com un xoc emocional) i estrès crònic (un estrès lleu que dura molt temps).</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Factor_de_risc">Factor de risc</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Estr%C3%A8s&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Factor de risc" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>L'estrès pot directament o indirectament contribuir a desordres generals o específics del cos i la ment. En primer lloc, aquesta situació fa que el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cervell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cervell">cervell</a> es posi en guàrdia. La reacció del cervell és preparar el cos per a l'acció defensiva. El <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sistema_nervi%C3%B3s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sistema nerviós">sistema nerviós</a> es desperta i les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hormona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hormona">hormones</a> s'alliberen per activar els <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sentit_(capacitat_de_percepci%C3%B3_del_m%C3%B3n_f%C3%ADsic)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sentit (capacitat de percepció del món físic)">sentits</a>, accelerar el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pols_sanguini&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pols sanguini (encara no existeix)">pols</a>, aprofundir la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Respiraci%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Respiració">respiració</a> i tensar els <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BAsculs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Músculs">músculs</a>. Aquesta resposta (de vegades anomenada la resposta de lluitar o fugir) és important, perquè ens ajuda a defensar-nos contra les amenaces. La resposta segueix unes pautes biològiques; tothom reacciona més o menys de la mateixa forma, tant si la situació es produeix a casa com a la feina.</p> <p>Els episodis curts o infreqüents d'estrès representen poc risc. Però quan les situacions estressants se succeeixen sense resolució, el cos roman en un estat constant d'alerta, la qual cosa augmenta la taxa de desgast <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fisiologia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fisiologia">fisiològic</a> que comporta la fatiga o el mal físic, i la capacitat del cos per recuperar-se i defensar-se es pot veure seriosament compromesa. Com a resultat, augmenta el risc de lesió o malaltia.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Estrès_laboral"><span id="Estr.C3.A8s_laboral"></span>Estrès laboral</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Estr%C3%A8s&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Estrès laboral" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>Des de fa 20 anys, molts estudis han considerat la relació entre l'estrès laboral com un tipus de malaltia. Alteracions d'humor i de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Son?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Son">son</a>, estómac regirat, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mal_de_cap?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mal de cap">mal de cap</a> i relacions alterades amb família i amics són símptomes de problemes relacionats amb l'estrès que es veuen comunament reflectits en aquestes investigacions. Aquests senyals precoços de l'estrès laboral es poden reconèixer fàcilment.</p> <p>Els efectes de l'estrès en les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaltia_cr%C3%B2nica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malaltia crònica">malalties cròniques</a> són més difícils de diagnosticar, ja que aquestes malalties requereixen un llarg període de desenvolupament i es poden veure influïdes per molts factors. Tanmateix, gran nombre de proves suggereixen que l'estrès té un paper preponderant en diversos tipus de problemes crònics de salut, particularment en malalties <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cardiovascular?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiovascular">cardiovasculars</a>, afeccions musculoesquelètiques, i afeccions <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Psicologia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Psicologia">psicològiques</a>.</p> <p>L'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Estr%C3%A8s_laboral&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Estrès laboral (encara no existeix)">estrès laboral</a> es pot definir com un conjunt de reaccions nocives tant físiques com psíquiques que es presenten quan les exigències del treball no igualen les capacitats, els recursos o les necessitats del treballador. L'estrès a la feina pot conduir a la malaltia.</p> <p>El concepte de l'estrès laboral moltes vegades es confon amb el desafiament, amb el repte; tanmateix, aquests conceptes són diferents. El desafiament ens vigoritza i ens motiva a aprendre habilitats noves i arribar a dominar la nostra activitat professional. Quan hem superat un repte ens sentim relaxats i satisfets. Llavors, diuen els experts, que el desafiament és un ingredient important del treball sa i productiu.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Resposta_nerviosa_i_hormonal">Resposta nerviosa i hormonal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Estr%C3%A8s&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Resposta nerviosa i hormonal" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>En l'actualitat existeixen una gran varietat de dades experimentals i clíniques que posen de manifest que l'estrès, en funció de la seva intensitat i durada, pot produir alteracions considerables en el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cervell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cervell">cervell</a>. Aquestes, inclouen des de modificacions més o menys lleus i reversibles, fins a situacions en les quals fins i tot es produeix la mort neuronal.</p> <p>Se sap que l'efecte perjudicial que pot produir l'estrès sobre el nostre cervell està directament relacionat amb els nivells de les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hormona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hormona">hormones</a> de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Glucocorticoide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Glucocorticoide">glucocorticoides</a> que són secretades en la resposta fisiològica de l'organisme. Encara que la presència de determinats nivells d'aquestes hormones és de gran importància per a l'adequat funcionament del nostre cervell, l'excés de glucocorticoides pot produir tota una sèrie d'alteracions en diferents estructures cerebrals, i especialment en l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hipocamp_(anatomia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hipocamp (anatomia)">hipocamp</a>, una estructura que té un paper fonamental en molts processos d'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aprenentatge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aprenentatge">aprenentatge</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mem%C3%B2ria_humana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Memòria humana">memòria</a>.</p> <p>Mitjançant diferents <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Investigaci%C3%B3_experimental?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Investigació experimental">investigacions experimentals</a>, s'ha pogut establir que l'exposició continuada a situacions d'estrès a nivells elevats de les hormones de l'estrès poden produir tres tipus d'efectes perjudicials en el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sistema_nervi%C3%B3s_central?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sistema nerviós central">sistema nerviós central</a>:</p> <ol> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Atr%C3%B2fia_dendr%C3%ADtica&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Atròfia dendrítica (encara no existeix)">Atròfia dendrítica</a>. És un procés de retracció de les prolongacions <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dendrites?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dendrites">dendrítiques</a>, que es produeix a certes <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neurona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neurona">neurones</a>. Sempre que acabi la situació d'estrès, es pot produir una recuperació de l'arborització dendrítica, per tant, pot ser un procés reversible.</li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neurotoxicitat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neurotoxicitat">Neurotoxicitat</a>. És un procés que succeeix a conseqüència del manteniment sostingut durant diversos mesos d'alts nivells d'estrès; pot causar la mort de neurones de l'hipocamp.</li> <li>Exacerbació de diferents situacions de dany neuronal. Aquest és un altre mecanisme important, pel qual, si al mateix temps que es produeix una agressió neural (<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apoplexia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Apoplexia">apoplexia</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/An%C3%B2xia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anòxia">anòxia</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hipogluc%C3%A8mia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hipoglucèmia">hipoglucèmia</a>, etc..), coexisteixen alts nivells de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=GCs&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="GCs (encara no existeix)">GCs</a>, es redueix la capacitat de les neurones per sobreviure al mal causat.</li> </ol> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Vegeu_també"><span id="Vegeu_tamb.C3.A9"></span>Vegeu també</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Estr%C3%A8s&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Vegeu també" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Control_de_l%27estr%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Control de l'estrès">Control de l'estrès</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Distr%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Distrès">Distrès</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estressor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estressor">Estressor</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Resili%C3%A8ncia_(psicologia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Resiliència (psicologia)">Resiliència (psicologia)</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Resposta_de_lluita_o_fugida?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Resposta de lluita o fugida">Resposta de lluita o fugida</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Estr%C3%A8s&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Bibliografia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul> <li>Selye, H. (1956): <i>The Stress of Life</i></li> <li>C. Sandi, C. Venero, M. I. Be. (2000): <i>""Estrés, Memoria y Trastornos Asociados. Implicaciones en el Daño Cerebral y el Envejecimiento".</i> Colección Ariel Neurociencia. Editorial Ariel.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Estr%C3%A8s&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Referències" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estr%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Estrés</i> en <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catal%C3%A0_occidental?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Català occidental">pronúncia occidental</a> i <i>estrès</i> en <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catal%C3%A0_oriental?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Català oriental">pronúncia oriental</a>. Per a més informació, consulteu: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Llibre_d%27estil/Variants_ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Accentuaci%C3%B3_de_la_e_t%C3%B2nica" title="Viquipèdia:Llibre d'estil/Variants lingüístiques">el llibre d'estil</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-chile-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estr%C3%A8s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-chile_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.med.ufro.cl/Recursos/neuroanatomia/archivos/6_Tronco_Interno_archivos/Page625.htm">Formació reticular</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503054500/http://www.med.ufro.cl/Recursos/neuroanatomia/archivos/6_Tronco_Interno_archivos/Page625.htm">Arxivat</a> 2012-05-03 a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Facultat de Medicina. Universitat de La Frontera. Chile <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33711417">.mw-parser-output .languageicon{font-size:0.95em;color:#555;background-color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .languageicon{background-color:inherit;color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .languageicon{background-color:inherit;color:white}}</style><span class="languageicon" title="En castellà">(castellà)</span></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Enllaços_externs"><span id="Enlla.C3.A7os_externs"></span>Enllaços externs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Estr%C3%A8s&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Enllaços externs" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-center{clear:both;margin:auto}}</style> <div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"> A <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%25C3%25A0gina_principal?uselang%3Dca">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: <i><b><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Stress" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Stress">Estrès</a></b></i> </div> </div> </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.tuotromedico.com/temas/estres.htm">Tu otro médico</a> Estrès <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33711417"><span class="languageicon" title="En castellà">(castellà)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://iltuobenessere.com/stress/default.htm">Stress</a> University of Milan Research <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33711417"><span class="languageicon" title="En anglès">(anglès)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://osha.europa.eu/publications/reports/203/index.htm?language%3Des">Informe sobre l'estrès relacionat amb el treball </a><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ag%C3%A8ncia_Europea_per_a_la_Seguretat_i_Salut_en_el_Treball&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Agència Europea per a la Seguretat i Salut en el Treball (encara no existeix)">Agència Europea per a la Seguretat i Salut en el Treball</a> (OSHA) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33711417"><span class="languageicon" title="En castellà">(castellà)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/99-101sp.html">Instituto Nacional de Salud y Seguridad Ocupacional (NIOSH) del CDC</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33711417"><span class="languageicon" title="En castellà">(castellà)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.alcoberro.info/planes/psico21.htm">Hans Selye (1907-1982): L'estrès i la síndrome general d'adaptació</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33711417"><span class="languageicon" title="En català">(català)</span></li> </ul>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1_(%25D8%25B9%25D9%2584%25D9%2585_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A3%25D8%25AD%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A1)" title="توتر (علم الأحياء) - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توتر (علم الأحياء)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1" title="توتر - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توتر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estr%25C3%25A9s" title="Estrés - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Estrés" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stres" title="Stres - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Stres" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B3" title="ایسترس - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایسترس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D1%258D%25D1%2581" title="Стрэс - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Стрэс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D1%258D%25D1%2581" title="Стрэс - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Стрэс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581" title="Стрес - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Стрес" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B4%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C_%25D8%25AF%25DB%2595%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25DB%258C" title="فشاری دەروونی - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فشاری دەروونی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress" title="Stress - cors" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Stress" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="cors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stres" title="Stres - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Stres" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress" title="Stress - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stress" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress" title="Stress - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stress" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2586%25CE%25B3%25CF%2587%25CE%25BF%25CF%2582" title="Άγχος - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άγχος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(biology)" title="Stress (biology) - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Stress (biology)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streso" title="Streso - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Streso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estr%25C3%25A9s" title="Estrés - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estrés" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress" title="Stress - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Stress" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estres" title="Estres - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Estres" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B3_(%25D8%25B2%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25E2%2580%258C%25D8%25B4%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C)" title="استرس (زیست‌شناسی) - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استرس (زیست‌شناسی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stressi" title="Stressi - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Stressi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress" title="Stress - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Stress" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strus_(s%25C3%25ADceola%25C3%25ADocht)" title="Strus (síceolaíocht) - irlandès" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Strus (síceolaíocht)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estr%25C3%25A9s" title="Estrés - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Estrés" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2593%25D7%2597%25D7%25A7" title="דחק - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דחק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B5_(%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE)" title="तनाव (चिकित्सा) - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तनाव (चिकित्सा)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napetost" title="Napetost - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Napetost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stressz" title="Stressz - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Stressz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%258D%25D5%25A9%25D6%2580%25D5%25A5%25D5%25BD" title="Սթրես - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սթրես" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stres" title="Stres - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Stres" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streita" title="Streita - islandès" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Streita" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress" title="Stress - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stress" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2582%25B9%25E3%2583%2588%25E3%2583%25AC%25E3%2582%25B9_(%25E7%2594%259F%25E4%25BD%2593)" title="ストレス (生体) - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ストレス (生体)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schres" title="Schres - crioll anglès de Jamaica" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Schres" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="crioll anglès de Jamaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2598" title="სტრესი - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სტრესი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D2%25AF%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D1%2581" title="Күйзеліс - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Күйзеліс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%258A%25A4%25ED%258A%25B8%25EB%25A0%2588%25EC%258A%25A4" title="스트레스 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스트레스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stres" title="Stres - kurd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Stres" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D1%2581" title="Стресс - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Стресс" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contentio_enervans_(biologia)" title="Contentio enervans (biologia) - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Contentio enervans (biologia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress" title="Stress - lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Stress" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stresas" title="Stresas - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Stresas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress" title="Stress - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Stress" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25A3%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B5" title="तणाव - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तणाव" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekanan_(biologi)" title="Tekanan (biologi) - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tekanan (biologi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress" title="Stress - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stress" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress" title="Stress - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stress" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stres" title="Stres - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stres" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estresse" title="Estresse - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estresse" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stres" title="Stres - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Stres" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D1%2581" title="Стресс - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Стресс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress" title="Stress - escocès" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Stress" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escocès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AF%25D9%25BB%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A1%25D9%258F_(%25D8%25AD%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D9%258A)" title="دٻاءُ (حياتياتي) - sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="دٻاءُ (حياتياتي)" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stres_(medicina)" title="Stres (medicina) - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Stres (medicina)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(biology)" title="Stress (biology) - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Stress (biology)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stres_(biol%25C3%25B3gia)" title="Stres (biológia) - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Stres (biológia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stres" title="Stres - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Stres" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stresi" title="Stresi - albanès" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Stresi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581" title="Стрес - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Стрес" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AE%25A9_%25E0%25AE%2585%25E0%25AE%25B4%25E0%25AF%2581%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%258D" title="மன அழுத்தம் - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மன அழுத்தம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%2592%25E0%25B0%25A4%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25A4%25E0%25B0%25BF%25E0%25B0%25A1%25E0%25B0%25BF" title="ఒత్తిడి - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఒత్తిడి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D1%2581" title="Стресс - tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Стресс" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%2594_(%25E0%25B8%258A%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%25B2)" title="ความเครียด (ชีววิทยา) - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ความเครียด (ชีววิทยา)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress" title="Stress - turcman" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Stress" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stres" title="Stres - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Stres" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D1%2581" title="Стресс - tàtar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Стресс" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tàtar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D1%2582%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581" title="Стрес - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Стрес" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AA%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A4_(%25D8%25AD%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C)" title="تناؤ (حیاتیاتی) - urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تناؤ (حیاتیاتی)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress" title="Stress - uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Stress" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stres" title="Stres - vènet" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Stres" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vènet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%25C4%2583ng_th%25E1%25BA%25B3ng_(sinh_h%25E1%25BB%258Dc)" title="Căng thẳng (sinh học) - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Căng thẳng (sinh học)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%258E%258B%25E5%258A%259B%25EF%25BC%2588%25E5%258C%25BB%25E5%25AD%25A6%25EF%25BC%2589" title="压力（医学） - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="压力（医学）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2587%2589%25E6%25BF%2580" title="應激 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="應激" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25A3%2593%25E5%258A%259B_(%25E7%2594%259F%25E7%2589%25A9%25E5%25AD%25B8)" title="壓力 (生物學) - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="壓力 (生物學)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ca.svg" alt="Viquipèdia" width="120" height="23" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">La pàgina va ser modificada per darrera vegada el 9 feb 2025 a les 11:43.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">El contingut està disponible sota la llicència <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ca">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> si no s'indica el contrari.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a 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