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Encyclopaedia Iranica
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But for nostalgia's sake, I'm leaving it in. TBH, I have no idea what "message" utilized Flash when it did work! --> <div id="search-results" class="clearfix"> <h1>Table of Contents</h1> <div class="pagination"> <ul class="per-page"> <li>VIEW PER PAGE:</li> <li ><a href="/articles/index/W/limit:10" rel="nofollow">10</a></li> <li ><a href="/articles/index/W/limit:20" rel="nofollow">20</a></li> <li ><a href="/articles/index/W/limit:50" rel="nofollow">50</a></li> <li class="here"><a href="/articles/index/W/limit:1000">ALL</a></li> </ul> <ul class="pages"> </ul> SHOWING 1-38 of 38</div> <ul class="search-results"> <li class="odd"> <h2><a href="/articles/wackernagel-jacob">WACKERNAGEL, JACOB</span></a></h2> <h3>Rüdiger Schmitt</h3> <p><p>(1853-1938), Swiss classicist and scholar of Indo-European and Indo-Iranian studies. His scholarship in the field of Old Indo-Aryan is best reflected in his large-scale <em>Altindische Grammatik</em>, a work of fundamental significance for Indo-Iranian and Iranian studies.</p></p> <small><em>This Article Has Images/Tables.</em></small> </li> <li > <h2><a href="/articles/wakil-al-raaya">WAKIL-AL-RAʿĀYĀ</span></a></h2> <h3>John Perry</h3> <p><p>regnal title assumed by Karim Khan Zand (r. 1164-93/1751-79) after he established himself at Shiraz in 1765. It is recorded in variants wakil-al-raʿiya, wakil-e raʿiat, and wakil-al-ḵalāʾeq, all meaning “deputy of the people.”</p></p> </li> <li class="odd"> <h2><a href="/articles/wakil-raaya-taqi">WAKIL-al-RAʿĀYĀ, Ḥāji Shaikh Taqi Irāni </span></a></h2> <h3>John R. Perry</h3> <p><p>(1868-1939), a prominent merchant and the Majles deputy of Hamadān, who, in October 1906, was the first provincial deputy to take his place in the First Majles (parliament) to be established after the Constitutional Revolution.</p></p> </li> <li > <h2><a href="/articles/waldman-marilyn">WALDMAN, Marilyn</span></a></h2> <h3>Dick Davis</h3> <p><p>(b. Dallas, Texas, April 13th 1943-d. Columbus, Ohio, July 8th, 1996), scholar of Islamic history.</p></p> </li> <li class="odd"> <h2><a href="/articles/waldschmidt-ernst-00-parent">WALDSCHMIDT, ERNST</span></a></h2> <h3>Multiple Authors</h3> <p><p>(1897-1985), Indologist whose research focused on Sanskrit manuscripts in the Turfan collection and co-authored a couple of probing contributions to Manichean Studies.</p></p> </li> <li > <h2><a href="/articles/waldschmidt-ernst-01">WALDSCHMIDT, ERNST i. Life</span></a></h2> <h3>Dagmar Riedel</h3> <p><p><span class="s1">In 1924, Waldschmidt was awarded a Ph.D. and joined the curatorial staff of the Museum of Ethnography as assistant to Albert von Le Coq (1860-1930), who had participated in the German Turfan Expeditions between 1903 and 1914. The Museum sent Waldschmidt from October 1932 until June 1934 on a research trip to Sri Lanka and India.</span></p></p> <small><em>This Article Has Images/Tables.</em></small> </li> <li class="odd"> <h2><a href="/articles/waldschmidt-ernst-02">WALDSCHMIDT, ERNST ii. Research</span></a></h2> <h3>Thomas Oberlies</h3> <p><p><span class="s1">Since Waldschmidt had a masterly knowledge of Chinese, he was asked to prepare with the Iranian studies scholar Wolfgang Lentz (1900-1986) the edition and translation of a Manichean hymns scroll which Aurel Stein (1862-1943) had brought from Dunhuang to London.</span></p></p> </li> <li > <h2><a href="/articles/waqf-crossref">WAQF</span></a></h2> <h3>Cross-Reference</h3> <p><p class="p1">a charitable endowment: article pending.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>See<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="/articles/amlak"><em>AMLĀK</em></a>, <a href="/articles/kassa"><em>ḴĀṢṢA</em></a>.</p></p> </li> <li class="odd"> <h2><a href="/articles/war-kabud">WAR KABUD</span></a></h2> <h3>Bruno Overlaet</h3> <p><p>an archeological site to the north of Čavār in Ilām Province (Pošt-e kuh, Lorestān). Two hundred and three individual tombs of a large plundered graveyard (more than 1,000 tombs estimated to have been plundered) were excavated in 1965 and 1966. They all date to the Iron Age III (ca. 800/750-600 BCE).</p></p> <small><em>This Article Has Images/Tables.</em></small> </li> <li > <h2><a href="/articles/warstmansr-nask">WARŠTMĀNSR NASK</span></a></h2> <h3>Cross-Reference</h3> <p><p>See <a href="/articles/sudgar-nask-and-warstmansr-nask"><em>SŪDGAR NASK AND WARŠTMĀNSR NASK</em></a>.</p></p> </li> <li class="odd"> <h2><a href="/articles/wasefi">WĀṢEFI, ZAYN-AL-DIN MAḤMUD</span></a></h2> <h3>Keith Hitchins</h3> <p><p>(1485-d. 1551-1566), Persian memoirist, historian, and poet.</p></p> </li> <li > <h2><a href="/articles/wasf">WAṢF</span></a></h2> <h3>A. A. Seyed-Gohrab</h3> <p><p>a literary term meaning “description;” but it can carry several other connotations, including “quality,” “attribute,” “characterization,” “distinguishing mark,” and “adjective.”</p></p> </li> <li class="odd"> <h2><a href="/articles/water">WATER</span></a></h2> <h3>Cross-Reference</h3> <p><p>See <a href="/articles/ab">ĀB</a>.</p></p> </li> <li > <h2><a href="/articles/watermill-crossref">WATERMILL</span></a></h2> <h3>Cross-Reference</h3> <p><p class="p1">See <a href="/articles/asia-or-asiab-mill"><span class="s2"><em>ĀSIĀ</em></span></a>.</p></p> </li> <li class="odd"> <h2><a href="/articles/watwat-rasid-al-din">WAṬWĀṬ, RAŠID-AL-DIN</span></a></h2> <h3>Natalia Chalisova</h3> <p><p>bilingual poet, philologist, and prose writer in Persian and Arabic, as well as a high-ranking official of the Khwarazmian court in the 12th century.</p></p> </li> <li > <h2><a href="/articles/weblogs">WEBLOGS</span></a></h2> <h3>Alireza Doostdar</h3> <p><p>The vast majority of Iranian bloggers write in Persian, although other languages – chief among them English – are also used.</p></p> </li> <li class="odd"> <h2><a href="/articles/weights-measures-i">WEIGHTS AND MEASURES i. PRE-ISLAMIC PERIOD </span></a></h2> <h3>A. D. H. Bivar</h3> <p><p>Evidence for ancient standards is provided by examination of weights surviving from antiquity, and from inspection of certain specimens of ingot currency. There are six surviving, well-preserved Achaemenid weights with inscriptions.</p></p> <small><em>This Article Has Images/Tables.</em></small> </li> <li > <h2><a href="/articles/wellhausen-julius">WELLHAUSEN, JULIUS</span></a></h2> <h3>Ludmila Hanisch</h3> <p><p>scholar of Biblical studies, who primarily gained renown as an Old Testament scholar and Semitist.</p></p> <small><em>This Article Has Images/Tables.</em></small> </li> <li class="odd"> <h2><a href="/articles/wertime-theodore">WERTIME, Theodore</span></a></h2> <h3>Roya Arab</h3> <p><p>(b. Chambersburg, Pa., 31 August 1919; d. Chambersburg, 8 April 1982), diplomat and scholar, expert on the history of technology in the ancient Middle East.</p></p> </li> <li > <h2><a href="/articles/westergaard-niels-ludvig">WESTERGAARD, NIELS LUDVIG</span></a></h2> <h3>Rüdiger Schmitt</h3> <p><p>(1815-1878), Danish orientalist scholar with special interest in Indology.</p></p> <small><em>This Article Has Images/Tables.</em></small> </li> <li class="odd"> <h2><a href="/articles/wheat-cross-ref">WHEAT</span></a></h2> <h3>Cross-Reference</h3> <p><p>See <a href="/articles/gandom-">GANDOM</a>.</p></p> </li> <li > <h2><a href="/articles/white-sheep-cross-ref">WHITE SHEEP DYNASTY</span></a></h2> <h3>Cross-Reference</h3> <p><p>A confederation of Turkman tribes who ruled in eastern Anatolia and western Iran until the Safavid conquest in 1501. See <a href="/articles/aq-qoyunlu-confederation">AQ QOYUNLU</a><strong>.<br /></strong></p></p> </li> <li class="odd"> <h2><a href="/articles/widengren-geo">WIDENGREN, GEO</span></a></h2> <h3>Anders Hultgård</h3> <p><p>(b. 24 April 1907; d. 28 January 1996), historian of religions, particularly those of the ancient Near East and Iran.</p></p> <small><em>This Article Has Images/Tables.</em></small> </li> <li > <h2><a href="/articles/wikander-oscar-stig">WIKANDER, Oscar Stig</span></a></h2> <h3>Bo Utas; Jacques Duchesne-Guillemin</h3> <p><p>Wikander soon became known as a brilliant young scholar with wide interests and a deep knowledge of many fields. In 1935 and 1936, he and Geo Widengren (1907-1996) were among the members of the Avesta seminars, held by his older compatriot, the professor of Semitic languages at Uppsala University, H. S. Nyberg (1889-1974).</p></p> <small><em>This Article Has Images/Tables.</em></small> </li> <li class="odd"> <h2><a href="/articles/wild-rue-cross-ref">WILD RUE</span></a></h2> <h3>Cross-Reference</h3> <p><p>See <a href="/articles/esfand">ESFAND</a>.</p></p> </li> <li > <h2><a href="/articles/wild-thyme-cross-ref">WILD THYME</span></a></h2> <h3>Cross-Reference</h3> <p><p>See <a href="/articles/avisan-wild-thyme">ĀVĪŠAN</a>.</p></p> </li> <li class="odd"> <h2><a href="/articles/william-of-rubruck">WILLIAM OF RUBRUCK</span></a></h2> <h3>Peter Jackson</h3> <p><p>a Flemish Franciscan missionary who traveled through the lands that the Mongols had conquered in the Crimea, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Asia Minor between 1253 and 1255.</p></p> </li> <li > <h2><a href="/articles/willow-cross-ref">WILLOW</span></a></h2> <h3>Cross-Reference</h3> <p><p>See <span><a href="/articles/bid-willow-genus-salix-l">BĪD</a>.</span></p></p> </li> <li class="odd"> <h2><a href="/articles/wisdom-literature-crossref">WISDOM LITERATURE</span></a></h2> <h3>Cross-Reference</h3> <p><p class="p1"><span class="s1">See <a href="/articles/andarz-precept-instruction-advice"><span class="s2">ANDARZ</span></a>, <a href="/articles/aphorism-short-sentences"><span class="s2">APHORISM</span></a>, <a href="/articles/iran-viii1-persian-literature-pre-islamic"><span class="s3">IRAN viii. PERSIAN LITERATURE (1) Pre-Islamic</span></a></span><span class="s3">.</span></p></p> </li> <li > <h2><a href="/articles/wizarisn-catrang-nihisn-ardaxir">WIZĀRIŠN Ī ČATRANG UD NIHIŠN Ī NĒW-ARDAXŠĪR</span></a></h2> <h3>Antonio Panaino</h3> <p><p>a minor Pahlavi text on chess and backgammon.</p></p> </li> <li class="odd"> <h2><a href="/articles/wolff-fritz">WOLFF, FRITZ</span></a></h2> <h3>Jürgen Ehlers</h3> <p><p class="p1">(1880-1943), German Iranologist and the author of <em>Glossar zu Firdosis Schahname</em>.</p></p> <small><em>This Article Has Images/Tables.</em></small> </li> <li > <h2><a href="/articles/wolski-jozef">WOLSKI, JÓZEF</span></a></h2> <h3>Marek Jan Olbrycht</h3> <p><p>distinguished Polish historian, whose research has had an enduring effect on the study of ancient Iranian history.</p></p> </li> <li class="odd"> <h2><a href="/articles/women-i">WOMEN i. In Pre-Islamic Persia</span></a></h2> <h3>Maria Brosius</h3> <p><p>To learn about women, we depend on the often hostile secondary sources of the Greek and Roman periods which, however, are of limited historical value, as they tend to focus on particular aspects of the lives of royal Persian women or use specific descriptions for historiographical purposes.</p></p> </li> <li > <h2><a href="/articles/women-ii-avesta">WOMEN ii. In the Avesta </span></a></h2> <h3>Leon Goldman</h3> <p><p>The egalitarian ideals of Zoroastrianism—in particular, the recognition of women as “men’s partners in the common struggle against evil” have long served to protect the dignified status of women within the Mazdayasnian community.</p></p> </li> <li class="odd"> <h2><a href="/articles/women-shiism">WOMEN iii. In Shiʿism</span></a></h2> <h3>Moojan Momen</h3> <p><p>In theory, Shiʿism has a more favorable attitude towards women than Sunni Islam. These favorable differences are largely annulled, however, by some specific Shiʿite practices as well as the social realities of women’s lives in Shiʿite communities. </p></p> </li> <li > <h2><a href="/articles/women-babi">WOMEN iv. in the works of the Bab and in the Babi Movement</span></a></h2> <h3>Moojan Momen</h3> <p><p>The Bab elevated the status of women in his writings and confirmed this in his actions. The Babi community reflected this change in the actions of the Babi women.</p></p> </li> <li class="odd"> <h2><a href="/articles/wool">WOOL</span></a></h2> <h3>Willem Floor</h3> <p><p>(Pers.<em> pašm</em>), the oldest fiber to have been used for the making of textiles in Persia. Archeological finds have shown that sheep wool and goat hair were already woven around 6500 BCE, although some doubt this data. Spinning whorls and warp weights dating from 5000 BCE have also been found.</p></p> </li> <li > <h2><a href="/articles/w-images-list">W~ CAPTIONS OF ILLUSTRATIONS</span></a></h2> <h3>Cross-Reference</h3> <p><p>list of all the figure and plate images in the W entries</p></p> </li> </ul> <div class="pagination"> <ul class="per-page"> <li>VIEW PER PAGE:</li> <li ><a href="/articles/index/W/limit:10" rel="nofollow">10</a></li> <li ><a href="/articles/index/W/limit:20" rel="nofollow">20</a></li> <li ><a href="/articles/index/W/limit:50" rel="nofollow">50</a></li> <li class="here"><a href="/articles/index/W/limit:1000">ALL</a></li> </ul> <ul class="pages"> </ul> SHOWING 1-38 of 38</div> </div> </div> <div id="footer"> <div class="copy">©2024 Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation, Inc. 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