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aria-controls="toc-Early_settlement-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Early settlement subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Early_settlement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Neolithic_and_Bronze_Age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neolithic_and_Bronze_Age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Neolithic and Bronze Age </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neolithic_and_Bronze_Age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iron_Age_and_Romano-British_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iron_Age_and_Romano-British_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Iron Age and Romano-British period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iron_Age_and_Romano-British_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anglo-Saxon_cemetery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anglo-Saxon_cemetery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Anglo-Saxon cemetery </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Anglo-Saxon_cemetery-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Anglo-Saxon cemetery subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Anglo-Saxon_cemetery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Background </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_cremations_and_inhumations,_Mounds_17_and_14" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_cremations_and_inhumations,_Mounds_17_and_14"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 The cremations and inhumations, Mounds 17 and 14 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_cremations_and_inhumations,_Mounds_17_and_14-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mound_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mound_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Mound 2 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mound_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_execution_burials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_execution_burials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 The execution burials </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_execution_burials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_new_grave_field" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_new_grave_field"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 The new grave field </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_new_grave_field-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mound_1" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mound_1"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Mound 1 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mound_1-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_burial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_burial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6.1 The burial </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_burial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_body_in_the_ship-burial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_body_in_the_ship-burial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6.2 The body in the ship-burial </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_body_in_the_ship-burial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_objects_in_the_burial_chamber" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_objects_in_the_burial_chamber"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 The objects in the burial chamber </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_objects_in_the_burial_chamber-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle The objects in the burial chamber subsection </button> <ul id="toc-The_objects_in_the_burial_chamber-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_head_area:_the_helmet,_bowls_and_spoons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_head_area:_the_helmet,_bowls_and_spoons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 The head area: the helmet, bowls and spoons </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_head_area:_the_helmet,_bowls_and_spoons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_weapons_on_the_right_side_of_the_body" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_weapons_on_the_right_side_of_the_body"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 The weapons on the right side of the body </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_weapons_on_the_right_side_of_the_body-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Upper_body_area:_purse,_shoulder-clasps_and_great_buckle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upper_body_area:_purse,_shoulder-clasps_and_great_buckle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Upper body area: purse, shoulder-clasps and great buckle </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upper_body_area:_purse,_shoulder-clasps_and_great_buckle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_lower_body_and_'heaps'_areas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_lower_body_and_'heaps'_areas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 The lower body and 'heaps' areas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_lower_body_and_'heaps'_areas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_west_and_east_walls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_west_and_east_walls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 The west and east walls </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_west_and_east_walls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Textiles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Textiles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Textiles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Textiles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparisons" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparisons"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Comparisons </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Comparisons-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Comparisons subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Comparisons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Similarities_with_Swedish_burials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similarities_with_Swedish_burials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Similarities with Swedish burials </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Similarities_with_Swedish_burials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Connections_with_Beowulf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Connections_with_Beowulf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Connections with Beowulf </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Connections_with_Beowulf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Excavations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Excavations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Excavations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Excavations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Excavations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Excavations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Before_1938" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Before_1938"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Before 1938 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Before_1938-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Basil_Brown_and_Charles_Phillips:_1938–1939" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Basil_Brown_and_Charles_Phillips:_1938–1939"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Basil Brown and Charles Phillips: 1938–1939 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Basil_Brown_and_Charles_Phillips:_1938–1939-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rupert_Bruce-Mitford:_1965–1971" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rupert_Bruce-Mitford:_1965–1971"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Rupert Bruce-Mitford: 1965–1971 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rupert_Bruce-Mitford:_1965–1971-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Martin_Carver:_1983–1992" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Martin_Carver:_1983–1992"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Martin Carver: 1983–1992 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Martin_Carver:_1983–1992-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 21st century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exhibition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exhibition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Exhibition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exhibition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_creative_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_creative_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 In creative media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_creative_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Sutton Hoo</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" > 36 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="Sutton Hoo – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sutton Hoo" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%AB%C3%BEt%C5%ABn_H%C5%8Dh" title="Sūþtūn Hōh – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Sūþtūn Hōh" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%88" title="ساتون هوو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ساتون هوو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satton-Hu" title="Satton-Hu – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Satton-Hu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%A5%D1%83" title="Сатан-Ху – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сатан-Ху" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8A%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD_%D0%A5%D1%83" title="Сътън Ху – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сътън Ху" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="Sutton Hoo – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sutton Hoo" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="Sutton Hoo – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sutton Hoo" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="Sutton Hoo – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sutton Hoo" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="Sutton Hoo – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sutton Hoo" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD_%CE%A7%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Σάτον Χου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σάτον Χου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="Sutton Hoo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sutton Hoo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="Sutton Hoo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sutton Hoo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="Sutton Hoo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sutton Hoo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%88" title="ساتن هو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ساتن هو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="Sutton Hoo – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sutton Hoo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="Sutton Hoo – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sutton Hoo" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="Sutton Hoo – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sutton Hoo" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="Sutton Hoo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sutton Hoo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%9C%ED%8A%BC%ED%9B%84" title="서튼후 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="서튼후" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="Sutton Hoo – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sutton Hoo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="Sutton Hoo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sutton Hoo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%95" title="סאטון הו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סאטון הו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="Sutton Hoo – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sutton Hoo" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="Sutton Hoo – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sutton Hoo" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%BC" title="サットン・フー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サットン・フー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="Sutton Hoo – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sutton Hoo" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="Sutton Hoo – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sutton Hoo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" title="Sutton Hoo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sutton Hoo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD-%D0%A5%D1%83" title="Саттон-Ху – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Саттон-Ху" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sutton_Hoo&params=52_5_23_N_1_20_20_E_type:landmark_region:GB">52°5′23″N 1°20′20″E / 52.08972°N 1.33889°E / 52.08972; 1.33889</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Archaeological site in Suffolk, England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Sutton Hoo</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Sutton_Hoo_burial_site.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Sutton_Hoo_burial_site.jpg/250px-Sutton_Hoo_burial_site.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Sutton_Hoo_burial_site.jpg/375px-Sutton_Hoo_burial_site.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Sutton_Hoo_burial_site.jpg/500px-Sutton_Hoo_burial_site.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2047" data-file-height="766" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">The Sutton Hoo burial site</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:England_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sutton Hoo is located in England"><img alt="Sutton Hoo is located in England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/England_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-England_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/England_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-England_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/England_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-England_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2002" data-file-height="2431" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:62.564%;left:92.444%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><img alt="Sutton Hoo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/8px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/12px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg/16px-Archaeological_site_icon_%28red%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Shown within England</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-lat="52.089722222222" data-lon="1.3388888888889" data-overlays="["_6bea6dd9e629b9e77e25b4a24827c489e13e3287"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/10/52.089722222222/1.3388888888889/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,52.089722222222,1.3388888888889,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Sutton_Hoo&revid=1257108694&groups=_6bea6dd9e629b9e77e25b4a24827c489e13e3287" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,52.089722222222,1.3388888888889,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Sutton_Hoo&revid=1257108694&groups=_6bea6dd9e629b9e77e25b4a24827c489e13e3287 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Woodbridge,_Suffolk" title="Woodbridge, Suffolk">Woodbridge, Suffolk</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sutton_Hoo&params=52_5_23_N_1_20_20_E_type:landmark_region:GB">52°5′23″N 1°20′20″E / 52.08972°N 1.33889°E / 52.08972; 1.33889</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category">Two <a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">early medieval</a> cemeteries, one with <a href="/wiki/Ship_burial" title="Ship burial">ship burial</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Site notes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ownership</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Trust" title="National Trust">National Trust</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anglo-Saxon_Shoulder_Clasp_from_Sutton_Hoo_Burial,_625-630_AD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Anglo-Saxon_Shoulder_Clasp_from_Sutton_Hoo_Burial%2C_625-630_AD.jpg/220px-Anglo-Saxon_Shoulder_Clasp_from_Sutton_Hoo_Burial%2C_625-630_AD.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="343" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Anglo-Saxon_Shoulder_Clasp_from_Sutton_Hoo_Burial%2C_625-630_AD.jpg/330px-Anglo-Saxon_Shoulder_Clasp_from_Sutton_Hoo_Burial%2C_625-630_AD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Anglo-Saxon_Shoulder_Clasp_from_Sutton_Hoo_Burial%2C_625-630_AD.jpg/440px-Anglo-Saxon_Shoulder_Clasp_from_Sutton_Hoo_Burial%2C_625-630_AD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2958" data-file-height="4613" /></a><figcaption>Anglo-Saxon Shoulder Clasp from Sutton Hoo Burial, 625-630</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anglo-Saxon_Sword_Belt_End_Ornament_from_Sutton_Hoo_Burial,_625-630_AD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Anglo-Saxon_Sword_Belt_End_Ornament_from_Sutton_Hoo_Burial%2C_625-630_AD.jpg/220px-Anglo-Saxon_Sword_Belt_End_Ornament_from_Sutton_Hoo_Burial%2C_625-630_AD.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Anglo-Saxon_Sword_Belt_End_Ornament_from_Sutton_Hoo_Burial%2C_625-630_AD.jpg/330px-Anglo-Saxon_Sword_Belt_End_Ornament_from_Sutton_Hoo_Burial%2C_625-630_AD.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Anglo-Saxon_Sword_Belt_End_Ornament_from_Sutton_Hoo_Burial%2C_625-630_AD.jpg/440px-Anglo-Saxon_Sword_Belt_End_Ornament_from_Sutton_Hoo_Burial%2C_625-630_AD.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2665" data-file-height="2643" /></a><figcaption>Anglo-Saxon Sword Belt End Ornament from Sutton Hoo Burial, 625-630</figcaption></figure> Sutton Hoo is the site of two <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon">Anglo-Saxon</a> cemeteries dating from the 6th to 7th centuries near <a href="/wiki/Woodbridge,_Suffolk" title="Woodbridge, Suffolk">Woodbridge, Suffolk</a>, England. <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">Archaeologists</a> have been excavating the area since 1938, when an undisturbed <a href="/wiki/Ship_burial" title="Ship burial">ship burial</a> containing a wealth of <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Saxon">Anglo-Saxon</a> artifacts was discovered. The site is important in establishing the history of the Anglo-Saxon <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_East_Anglia" title="Kingdom of East Anglia">kingdom of East Anglia</a> as well as illuminating the Anglo-Saxons during a period which lacks historical documentation. The site was first excavated by <a href="/wiki/Basil_Brown" title="Basil Brown">Basil Brown</a>, a self-taught archaeologist, under the auspices of the landowner <a href="/wiki/Edith_Pretty" title="Edith Pretty">Edith Pretty</a>, but when its importance became apparent, national experts took over. The artefacts the archaeologists found in the burial chamber include: a suite of metalwork dress fittings in gold and gems, a ceremonial helmet, a shield and sword, a <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_lyre" title="Anglo-Saxon lyre">lyre</a>, and silver plate from the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Roman_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Roman Empire">Eastern Roman Empire</a>. The ship burial has prompted comparisons with the world of <a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> poem is partly set in <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6taland" title="Götaland">Götaland</a> in southern Sweden, which has archaeological parallels to some of the Sutton Hoo finds. Scholars believe <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A6dwald_of_East_Anglia" title="Rædwald of East Anglia">Rædwald, king of the East Angles</a>, is the most likely person to have been buried in the ship. During the 1960s and 1980s, the wider area was explored by archaeologists and other burials were revealed. Another burial ground is situated on a second hill-spur about 500 m (1,600 ft) upstream of the first. It was discovered and partially explored in 2000, during preliminary work for the construction of a new tourist visitor centre. The tops of the mounds had been obliterated by agricultural activity. The cemeteries are located close to the <a href="/wiki/River_Deben" title="River Deben">River Deben</a> <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuary</a> and other archaeological sites. They appear as a group of approximately 20 earthen <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_burial_mounds" title="Anglo-Saxon burial mounds">mounds</a> that rise slightly above the horizon of the hill-spur when viewed from the opposite bank. The visitor centre contains original artefacts, replicas of finds and a reconstruction of the ship burial chamber. The site is in the care of the <a href="/wiki/National_Trust" title="National Trust">National Trust</a>; most of these objects are now held by the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toponym">Toponym</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Toponym">edit</a>]</div> Sutton Hoo derives its name from <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a>. Sut combined with tun means the "southern farmstead" or "settlement" and hoo refers to a hill "shaped like a heel spur".<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-stan-2">[2]</a> Hoo was recorded in the <a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a> as Hoi / Hou.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Position">Position</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Position">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wicklaw_and_Ipswich.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Wicklaw_and_Ipswich.jpg/220px-Wicklaw_and_Ipswich.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Wicklaw_and_Ipswich.jpg/330px-Wicklaw_and_Ipswich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Wicklaw_and_Ipswich.jpg/440px-Wicklaw_and_Ipswich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1483" data-file-height="1115" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Wicklaw_Hundreds" title="Wicklaw Hundreds">Wicklaw</a> region</figcaption></figure> Sutton Hoo lies along a bank of the tidal <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuary</a> of the <a href="/wiki/River_Deben" title="River Deben">River Deben</a>. On the opposite bank the harbour town of <a href="/wiki/Woodbridge,_Suffolk" title="Woodbridge, Suffolk">Woodbridge</a> stands 7 miles (11 km) from the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a> and below the lowest convenient fording place.<a href="#cite_note-5">[a]</a> It formed a path of entry into East Anglia during the <a href="/wiki/Sub_Roman_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub Roman Britain">Sub Roman Britain</a> period that followed the end of Roman imperial rule in the 5th century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest1998261–275-6">[5]</a> South of Woodbridge, there are 6th-century burial grounds at <a href="/wiki/Rushmere_St_Andrew" title="Rushmere St Andrew">Rushmere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Little_Bealings" title="Little Bealings">Little Bealings</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tuddenham_St_Martin" title="Tuddenham St Martin">Tuddenham St Martin</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest19989–10,_92–93,_99-7">[6]</a> and circling Brightwell Heath, the site of mounds that date from the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest199812–13-8">[7]</a> There are cemeteries of a similar date at <a href="/wiki/Rendlesham" title="Rendlesham">Rendlesham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ufford,_Suffolk" title="Ufford, Suffolk">Ufford</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest199891,_100–101-9">[8]</a> A ship-burial at <a href="/wiki/Snape_boat_grave" class="mw-redirect" title="Snape boat grave">Snape</a> is the only one in England that can be compared to the example at Sutton Hoo.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1974114–140-10">[9]</a> The territory between the Orwell and the watersheds of the Alde and Deben rivers may have been an early centre of royal power, originally centred upon Rendlesham or Sutton Hoo, and a primary component in the formation of the East Anglian kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-11">[b]</a> In the early 7th century, Gipeswic (modern <a href="/wiki/Ipswich" title="Ipswich">Ipswich</a>) began its growth as a centre for foreign trade,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWade2001-12">[10]</a> <a href="/wiki/Botolph" class="mw-redirect" title="Botolph">Botolph</a>'s monastery at <a href="/wiki/Iken" title="Iken">Iken</a> was founded by royal grant in 654,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestScarfeCramp1984-13">[11]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a> identified Rendlesham as the site of <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelwold_of_East_Anglia" title="Æthelwold of East Anglia">Æthelwold's</a> royal dwelling.<a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_settlement">Early settlement</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early settlement">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neolithic_and_Bronze_Age">Neolithic and Bronze Age</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Neolithic and Bronze Age">edit</a>]</div> There is evidence that Sutton Hoo was occupied during the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> period, c. 3000 BC, when woodland in the area was cleared by agriculturalists. They dug small pits that contained <a href="/wiki/Flint" title="Flint">flint</a>-tempered <a href="/wiki/Earthenware" title="Earthenware">earthenware</a> pots. Several pits were near to hollows where large trees had been uprooted: the Neolithic farmers may have associated the hollows with the pots.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver199894–96-15">[13]</a> During the Bronze Age, when agricultural communities living in Britain were adopting the newly introduced technology of metalworking, timber-framed <a href="/wiki/Roundhouse_(dwelling)" title="Roundhouse (dwelling)">roundhouses</a> were built at Sutton Hoo, with <a href="/wiki/Wattle_and_daub" title="Wattle and daub">wattle and daub</a> walling and <a href="/wiki/Thatching" title="Thatching">thatched</a> roofs. The best surviving example contained a ring of upright posts, up to 30 centimetres (12 in) in diameter, with one pair suggesting an entrance to the south-east. In the central <a href="/wiki/Hearth" title="Hearth">hearth</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Faience" title="Faience">faience</a> bead had been dropped.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver199897–99-16">[14]</a> The farmers who dwelt in this house used decorated <a href="/wiki/Beaker_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaker culture">Beaker-style</a> pottery, cultivated <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oats" class="mw-redirect" title="Oats">oats</a>, and wheat, and collected <a href="/wiki/Hazelnut" title="Hazelnut">hazelnuts</a>. They dug ditches that marked the surrounding grassland into sections, indicating land ownership. The acidic sandy soil eventually became <a href="/wiki/Leaching_(agriculture)" title="Leaching (agriculture)">leached</a> and infertile, and it was likely that for this reason, the settlement was eventually abandoned, to be replaced in the Middle Bronze Age (1500–1000 BC) by sheep or cattle, which were enclosed by wooden stakes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver199897–99-16">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iron_Age_and_Romano-British_period">Iron Age and Romano-British period</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Iron Age and Romano-British period">edit</a>]</div> During the <a href="/wiki/British_Iron_Age" title="British Iron Age">Iron Age</a>, iron replaced copper and <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> as the dominant form of metal used in the British Isles. In the Middle Iron Age (around 500 BC), people living in the Sutton Hoo area began to grow crops again, dividing the land into small enclosures now known as <a href="/wiki/Celtic_field" title="Celtic field">Celtic fields</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a> The use of narrow trenches implies grape cultivation, whilst in other places, small pockets of dark soil indicate that big <a href="/wiki/Cabbage" title="Cabbage">cabbages</a> may have been grown.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver1998100-18">[16]</a> This cultivation continued into the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Romano-British period</a>, from 43 to around 410.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver1998100-18">[16]</a> Life for the Britons remained unaffected by the arrival of the Romans. Several artefacts from the period, including a few fragments of pottery and a discarded <a href="/wiki/Fibula_(brooch)" title="Fibula (brooch)">fibula</a>, have been found. As the peoples of Western Europe were encouraged by the Empire to maximise the use of land for growing crops, the area around Sutton Hoo suffered degradation and soil loss. It was eventually abandoned and became overgrown.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver1998100-18">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anglo-Saxon_cemetery">Anglo-Saxon cemetery</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Anglo-Saxon cemetery">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Burial_in_Early_Anglo-Saxon_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Burial in Early Anglo-Saxon England">Burial in Early Anglo-Saxon England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_East_Anglia" title="Kingdom of East Anglia">Kingdom of East Anglia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Williamson_p16_3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Williamson_p16_3.svg/220px-Williamson_p16_3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Williamson_p16_3.svg/330px-Williamson_p16_3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Williamson_p16_3.svg/440px-Williamson_p16_3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="691" data-file-height="607" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_East_Anglia" title="Kingdom of East Anglia">Kingdom of East Anglia</a> during the early Anglo/Angle-Saxon period, with Sutton Hoo in the south-eastern area near to the coast</figcaption></figure> After the withdrawal of the Romans from southern Britain after 410, Germanic tribes such as the <a href="/wiki/Angles_(tribe)" title="Angles (tribe)">Angles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saxons" title="Saxons">Saxons</a> began to settle in the southeastern part of the island. East Anglia is regarded by many scholars as a region in which this settlement was particularly early and dense; the area's name derives from that of the Angles. Over time, the remnants of the pre-existing Brittonic population adopted the culture of the newcomers.<a href="#cite_note-19">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hills2015-20">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[19]</a> During this period, southern Britain became divided up into a number of small independent kingdoms. Several pagan cemeteries from the kingdom of the East Angles have been found, most notably at <a href="/wiki/Spong_Hill" title="Spong Hill">Spong Hill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Snape_Anglo-Saxon_Cemetery" title="Snape Anglo-Saxon Cemetery">Snape</a>, where a large number of cremations and inhumations were found. Many of the graves were accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Grave_goods" title="Grave goods">grave goods</a>, which included combs, tweezers and <a href="/wiki/Brooch" title="Brooch">brooches</a>, as well as weapons. Sacrificed animals had been placed in the graves.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver1998103–104-22">[20]</a> At the time when the Sutton Hoo cemetery was in use, the River Deben would have formed part of a busy trading and transportation network. A number of settlements grew up along the river, most of which would have been small farmsteads, although it seems likely that there was a larger administrative centre as well, where the local aristocracy held court. Archaeologists have speculated that such a centre may have existed at Rendlesham, <a href="/wiki/Melton,_Suffolk" title="Melton, Suffolk">Melton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bromeswell" title="Bromeswell">Bromeswell</a> or at Sutton Hoo. It has been suggested that the burial mounds used by wealthier families were later appropriated as sites for early churches. In such cases, the mounds would have been destroyed before the churches were constructed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver1998107-23">[21]</a> The Sutton Hoo grave field contained about twenty <a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">barrows</a>; it was reserved for people who were buried individually with objects that indicated that they had exceptional wealth or prestige. It was used in this way from around 575 to 625 and contrasts with the Snape cemetery, where the ship-burial and furnished graves were added to a graveyard of buried pots containing cremated ashes.<a href="#cite_note-24">[22]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_cremations_and_inhumations,_Mounds_17_and_14">The cremations and inhumations, Mounds 17 and 14</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The cremations and inhumations, Mounds 17 and 14">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sutton_Hoo_map_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Sutton_Hoo_map_2.svg/220px-Sutton_Hoo_map_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Sutton_Hoo_map_2.svg/330px-Sutton_Hoo_map_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Sutton_Hoo_map_2.svg/440px-Sutton_Hoo_map_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="417" /></a><figcaption>Mound 17 (orange), Mound 14 (purple), inhumations (green), and cremation graves (blue) at Sutton Hoo</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Carver" title="Martin Carver">Martin Carver</a> believes that the <a href="/wiki/Cremation" title="Cremation">cremation</a> burials at Sutton Hoo were "among the earliest" in the cemetery.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver1998107-23">[21]</a> Two were excavated in 1938. Under Mound 3 were the ashes of a man and a <a href="/wiki/Horses_in_Germanic_paganism" title="Horses in Germanic paganism">horse</a> placed on a wooden trough or dugout <a href="/wiki/Bier" title="Bier">bier</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> iron-headed <a href="/wiki/Francisca" title="Francisca">throwing-axe</a>, and imported objects from the eastern <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a>, including the lid of a bronze <a href="/wiki/Ewer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ewer">ewer</a>, part of a miniature carved <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_plaque" title="Commemorative plaque">plaque</a> depicting a <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(mythology)" title="Victoria (mythology)">winged Victory</a>, and fragments of decorated bone from a <a href="/wiki/Coffin" title="Coffin">casket</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975108–110,_112–115,_125–126-25">[23]</a> Under Mound 4 was the cremated remains of a man and a woman, with a horse and perhaps also a dog, as well as fragments of bone gaming-pieces.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975124–125,_131-26">[24]</a> In Mounds 5, 6, and 7, Carver found cremations deposited in bronze bowls. In Mound 5 were found gaming-pieces, small iron shears, a cup, and an <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a> box. Mound 7 also contained gaming-pieces, as well as an iron-bound bucket, a sword-belt fitting and a drinking vessel, together with the remains of horse, cattle, <a href="/wiki/Red_deer" title="Red deer">red deer</a>, sheep, and pig that had been burnt with the deceased on a <a href="/wiki/Pyre" title="Pyre">pyre</a>. Mound 6 contained cremated animals, gaming-pieces, a sword-belt fitting, and a comb. The Mound 18 grave was very damaged, but of similar kind.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver1998107–110-27">[25]</a> Two cremations were found during the 1960s exploration to define the extent of Mound 5, together with two inhumations and a pit with a skull and fragments of decorative <a href="/wiki/Foil_(metal)" title="Foil (metal)">foil</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975230–344Evans200154-28">[26]</a> In level areas between the mounds, Carver found three furnished inhumations. One small mound held a child's remains, along with his buckle and miniature spear. A man's grave included two belt buckles and a knife, and that of a woman contained a leather bag, a pin and a <a href="/wiki/Chatelaine_(chain)" title="Chatelaine (chain)">chatelaine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver1998113–116-29">[27]</a> The most impressive of the burials without a chamber is that of a young man who was <a href="/wiki/Horse_burial" title="Horse burial">buried with his horse</a>,<a href="#cite_note-30">[28]</a> in Mound 17.<a href="#cite_note-31">[29]</a> The horse would have been sacrificed for the funeral, in a ritual sufficiently standardised to indicate a lack of sentimental attachment to it. Two undisturbed grave-hollows existed side by side under the mound. The man's oak <a href="/wiki/Coffin" title="Coffin">coffin</a> contained his <a href="/wiki/Pattern_welding" title="Pattern welding">pattern welded</a> sword on his right and his sword-belt, wrapped around the blade, which had a bronze buckle with <a href="/wiki/Garnet" title="Garnet">garnet</a> <a href="/wiki/Cloisonn%C3%A9" title="Cloisonné">cloisonné</a> cellwork, two pyramidal strapmounts and a <a href="/wiki/Scabbard" title="Scabbard">scabbard</a>-buckle.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-32">[30]</a> By the man's head were a <a href="/wiki/Firesteel" class="mw-redirect" title="Firesteel">firesteel</a> and a leather pouch, containing rough garnets and a piece of <a href="/wiki/Millefiori" title="Millefiori">millefiori</a> glass. Around the coffin were two spears, a shield, a small <a href="/wiki/Cauldron" title="Cauldron">cauldron</a> and a bronze bowl, a pot, an iron-bound bucket and some animal ribs. In the north-west corner of his grave was a <a href="/wiki/Bridle" title="Bridle">bridle</a>, mounted with circular gilt bronze plaques with <a href="/wiki/Interlace_(visual_arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interlace (visual arts)">interlace</a> ornamentation.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-32">[30]</a> These items are on display at Sutton Hoo. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sutton.Hoo.Mound17.JorViking.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Sutton.Hoo.Mound17.JorViking.jpg/220px-Sutton.Hoo.Mound17.JorViking.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Sutton.Hoo.Mound17.JorViking.jpg/330px-Sutton.Hoo.Mound17.JorViking.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Sutton.Hoo.Mound17.JorViking.jpg/440px-Sutton.Hoo.Mound17.JorViking.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Finds from Mound 17</figcaption></figure> Inhumation graves of this kind are known from both England and Germanic continental Europe,<a href="#cite_note-33">[c]</a> with most dating from the 6th or early 7th century. In about 1820, an example was excavated at <a href="/wiki/Witnesham" title="Witnesham">Witnesham</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlunkett200551–53-34">[31]</a> There are other examples at <a href="/wiki/Lakenheath" title="Lakenheath">Lakenheath</a> in western Suffolk and in the Snape cemetery:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECaruthAnderson1999-35">[32]</a> Other examples have been inferred from records of the discovery of horse furniture at <a href="/wiki/Eye,_Suffolk" title="Eye, Suffolk">Eye</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mildenhall,_Suffolk" title="Mildenhall, Suffolk">Mildenhall</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest199831–32,_83–86-36">[33]</a> Although the grave under Mound 14 had been destroyed almost completely by robbing, apparently during a heavy rainstorm, it had contained exceptionally high-quality goods belonging to a woman. These included a chatelaine, a kidney-shaped purse-lid, a bowl, several buckles, a dress-fastener, and the hinges of a casket, all made of silver, and also a fragment of embroidered cloth.<a href="#cite_note-37">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mound_2">Mound 2</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Mound 2">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sutton_Hoo_Burial_Mound_cleaned.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Sutton_Hoo_Burial_Mound_cleaned.jpg/220px-Sutton_Hoo_Burial_Mound_cleaned.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Sutton_Hoo_Burial_Mound_cleaned.jpg/330px-Sutton_Hoo_Burial_Mound_cleaned.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Sutton_Hoo_Burial_Mound_cleaned.jpg/440px-Sutton_Hoo_Burial_Mound_cleaned.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2179" data-file-height="1411" /></a><figcaption>Mound 2 is the only Sutton Hoo <a href="/wiki/Tumulus" title="Tumulus">tumulus</a> to have been reconstructed to its estimated original height</figcaption></figure> This important grave, damaged by looters, was probably the source of the many iron ship-<a href="/wiki/Rivets" class="mw-redirect" title="Rivets">rivets</a> found at Sutton Hoo in 1860. In 1938, when the mound was excavated, iron rivets were found, which enabled the Mound 2 grave to be interpreted as a small boat.<a href="#cite_note-38">[35]</a> Carver's re-investigation revealed that there was a rectangular <a href="/wiki/Plank_(wood)" title="Plank (wood)">plank</a>-lined chamber, 5 metres (16 ft) long by 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) wide, sunk below the land surface, with the body and grave-goods laid out in it. A small ship had been placed over this in an east–west alignment before a large earth mound was raised.<a href="#cite_note-39">[36]</a> <a href="/wiki/Analytical_chemistry" title="Analytical chemistry">Chemical analysis</a> of the chamber floor has suggested the presence of a body in the south-western corner. The goods found included fragments of a <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_glass" title="Anglo-Saxon glass">blue glass</a> cup with a trailed decoration, similar to the recent find from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Saxon_tomb_in_Prittlewell" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Saxon tomb in Prittlewell">Prittlewell tomb</a> in Essex. There were two gilt-bronze discs with <a href="/wiki/Animal_style" title="Animal style">animal interlace ornament</a>, a bronze brooch, a silver buckle, and a gold-coated stud from a buckle. Four objects had a special kinship with the Mound 1 finds: the tip of a sword blade showed elaborate pattern welding; silver-gilt drinking horn-mounts (struck from the same dies as those in Mound 1); and the similarity of two fragments of dragon-like mounts or plaques.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975115–121-40">[37]</a> Although the rituals were not identical, the association of the contents of the grave shows a connection between the two burials.<a href="#cite_note-41">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_execution_burials">The execution burials</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: The execution burials">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sutton.Hoo.Body.JorViking.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Sutton.Hoo.Body.JorViking.jpg/180px-Sutton.Hoo.Body.JorViking.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Sutton.Hoo.Body.JorViking.jpg/270px-Sutton.Hoo.Body.JorViking.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Sutton.Hoo.Body.JorViking.jpg 2x" data-file-width="321" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>"Sand body"<a href="#cite_note-sand_bodies-42">[39]</a> preserved for museum display</figcaption></figure> The cemetery contained remains of people who died violently, in some cases by hanging and decapitation. Often the <a href="/wiki/Bone" title="Bone">bones</a> have not survived, but the flesh had stained the sandy soil: the soil was <a href="/wiki/Laminate" class="mw-redirect" title="Laminate">laminated</a> as digging progressed, so that the <a href="/wiki/Emaciation" title="Emaciation">emaciated</a> figures of the dead were revealed. Casts were taken of several of these. The identification and discussion of these burials was led by Carver.<a href="#cite_note-43">[40]</a> Two main groups were excavated, with one arranged around Mound 5 and the other situated beyond the barrow cemetery limits in the field to the east. It is thought that a <a href="/wiki/Gallows" title="Gallows">gallows</a> once stood on Mound 5, in a prominent position near to a significant river-crossing point, and that the graves contained the bodies of criminals, possibly executed from the 8th and 9th centuries onwards.<a href="#cite_note-sand_bodies-42">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_new_grave_field">The new grave field</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The new grave field">edit</a>]</div> In 2000, a Suffolk County Council team excavated the site intended for the <a href="/wiki/National_Trust_for_Places_of_Historic_Interest_or_Natural_Beauty" class="mw-redirect" title="National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty">National Trust</a>'s new <a href="/wiki/Visitor_center" title="Visitor center">visitor centre</a>, north of <a href="/wiki/Tranmer_House,_Sutton_Hoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Tranmer House, Sutton Hoo">Tranmer House</a>, at a point where the ridge of the Deben valley veers westwards to form a <a href="/wiki/Promontory" title="Promontory">promontory</a>. When the <a href="/wiki/Topsoil" title="Topsoil">topsoil</a> was removed, early Anglo-Saxon burials were discovered in one corner, with some possessing high-status objects.<a href="#cite_note-44">[41]</a> The area had first attracted attention with the discovery of part of a 6th-century bronze vessel, of eastern Mediterranean origin, that had probably formed part of a furnished burial. The outer surface of the so-called "Bromeswell bucket" was decorated with a Syrian- or <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubian</a>-style <a href="/wiki/Frieze" title="Frieze">frieze</a>, depicting naked warriors in combat with leaping lions, and had an inscription in <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> that translated as "Use this in good health, Master Count, for many happy years."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMangoMangoEvansHughes1989297-45">[42]</a> In an area near to a former <a href="/wiki/Rose" title="Rose">rose</a> garden, a group of moderate-sized burial mounds was identified. They had long since been levelled, but their position was shown by circular ditches that each enclosed a small deposit indicating the presence of a single burial, probably of unurned human ashes. One burial lay in an irregular <a href="/wiki/Oval" title="Oval">oval</a> pit that contained two vessels, a stamped black earthenware urn of late 6th-century type, and a well-preserved large bronze <a href="/wiki/Hanging_bowl" title="Hanging bowl">hanging bowl</a>, with openwork hook escutcheons and a related circular mount at the centre.<a href="#cite_note-46">[43]</a> In another burial, a man had been laid next to his spear and covered with a shield of normal size. The shield bore an ornamented boss-stud and two fine metal mounts, ornamented with a predatory bird and a dragon-like creature.<a href="#cite_note-47">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mound_1">Mound 1</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Mound 1">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sutton_Hoo_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Sutton_Hoo_map.svg/220px-Sutton_Hoo_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Sutton_Hoo_map.svg/330px-Sutton_Hoo_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Sutton_Hoo_map.svg/440px-Sutton_Hoo_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="354" data-file-height="417" /></a><figcaption>Mound 1 (in red) within the burial ground (burial mounds are coloured grey)</figcaption></figure> The ship-burial discovered under Mound 1 in 1939 contained one of the most magnificent archaeological finds in England for its size and completeness, far-reaching connections, the quality and beauty of its contents, and for the profound interest it generated.<a href="#cite_note-48">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_burial">The burial</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: The burial">edit</a>]</div> Although practically none of the original timber survived, the form of the ship was perfectly preserved.<a href="#cite_note-50">[47]</a> Stains in the sand had replaced the wood but had preserved many construction details. Nearly all of the iron planking rivets were in their original places. It was possible to survey the original ship, which was found to be 27 metres (89 ft) long, pointed at either end with tall rising <a href="/wiki/Sternpost" title="Sternpost">stem and stern posts</a> and widening to 4.4 metres (14 ft) in the beam amidships with an inboard depth of 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) over the <a href="/wiki/Keel" title="Keel">keel</a> line. From the keel board, the <a href="/wiki/Hull_(watercraft)" title="Hull (watercraft)">hull</a> was constructed <a href="/wiki/Clinker_(boat_building)" title="Clinker (boat building)">clinker-fashion</a> with nine planks on either side, fastened with rivets. Twenty-six wooden <a href="/wiki/Rib_(nautical)" title="Rib (nautical)">ribs</a> strengthened the form. Repairs were visible: this had been a seagoing vessel of excellent craftsmanship, but there was no descending keel. The decking, benches and mast were removed. In the fore and <a href="/wiki/Aft" class="mw-redirect" title="Aft">aft</a> sections along the <a href="/wiki/Gunwales" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunwales">gunwales</a>, there were oar-rests shaped like the Old English <a href="/wiki/Thorn_(letter)" title="Thorn (letter)">letter "thorn"</a>, indicating that there may have been positions for forty oarsmen. The central chamber had timber walls at either end and a roof, which was probably pitched. The heavy <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a> vessel had been hauled from the river up the hill and lowered into a prepared trench, so only the tops of the stem and stern posts rose above the land surface.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975176–180Evans198632–40-51">[48]</a> After the addition of the body and the artefacts, an oval mound was constructed, which covered the ship and rose above the horizon at the riverward side of the cemetery.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975144–156-52">[49]</a> The view to the river is now obscured by Top Hat Wood, but the mound would have been a visible symbol of power to those using the waterway. This appears to have been the final occasion upon which the Sutton Hoo cemetery was used for its original purpose.<a href="#cite_note-53">[50]</a> Long afterwards, the roof collapsed violently under the weight of the mound, compressing the ship's contents into a seam of earth.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975488–577-54">[51]</a> Using the imprint of the longship in the sand around its location, archaeologist Angela Care Evans made plans to create a full size replica. Work began in 2021, using oak planks and iron rivets, with help from a charity, the Sutton Hoo Ship's Company. The estimated date of completion was 2024 and the ship was expected to be functional. Shipwright, Tim Kirk, made this comment to <a href="/wiki/ITV_News" title="ITV News">ITV News</a>: "it is really just a big experimental archaeology programme, [but] we're hoping to learn how the ship actually sailed". The plans called for training a crew of at least 80 rowers.<a href="#cite_note-55">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_body_in_the_ship-burial">The body in the ship-burial</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: The body in the ship-burial">edit</a>]</div> As a body was not found, there was early speculation that the ship-burial was a <a href="/wiki/Cenotaph" title="Cenotaph">cenotaph</a>, but soil analyses conducted in 1967 found <a href="/wiki/Phosphate" title="Phosphate">phosphate</a> traces, supporting the view that a body had disappeared in the acidic soil.<a href="#cite_note-BM-56">[53]</a> The presence of a platform (or a large coffin) that was about 9 feet (2.7 m) long was indicated.<a href="#cite_note-57">[54]</a> An iron-bound wooden bucket, an iron lamp containing <a href="/wiki/Beeswax" title="Beeswax">beeswax</a>, and a bottle of north continental manufacture were close by. The objects around the body indicate that it lay with the head at the west end of the wooden structure. Artefacts near the body have been identified as <a href="/wiki/Regalia" title="Regalia">regalia</a>, pointing to its being that of a king. Most of the suggestions for the occupant are <a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_of_East_Anglia" title="List of monarchs of East Anglia">East Anglian kings</a> because of the proximity of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_vill" title="Royal vill">royal vill</a> of Rendlesham. Since 1940, when <a href="/wiki/H.M._Chadwick" class="mw-redirect" title="H.M. Chadwick">H.M. Chadwick</a> first ventured that the ship-burial was probably the grave of <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A6dwald_of_East_Anglia" title="Rædwald of East Anglia">Rædwald</a>,<a href="#cite_note-58">[55]</a> scholarly opinion divided between Rædwald and his son (or step-son) <a href="/wiki/Sigeberht_of_East_Anglia" title="Sigeberht of East Anglia">Sigeberht</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BM-56">[53]</a> The man who was buried under Mound 1 cannot be identified,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975683–717-59">[56]</a> but the identification with Rædwald still has widespread scholarly acceptance. From time to time, other identifications are suggested, including his son <a href="/wiki/Eorpwald" class="mw-redirect" title="Eorpwald">Eorpwald of East Anglia</a>, who succeeded his father in about 624. Rædwald is the most likely of the candidates because of the high quality of the imported and commissioned materials and the resources needed to assemble them, the authority that the gold was intended to convey, the community involvement required to conduct the ritual at a cemetery reserved for an elite, the close proximity of Sutton Hoo to Rendlesham and the probable date horizons.<a href="#cite_note-60">[d]</a> As of 2019, the refurbished museum on the site states that the body is Rædwald while the British Museum just says a "King of East Anglia". Analysis of the Merovingian coins by Gareth Williams, Curator of Early Medieval Coinage at the British Museum, has narrowed the date of the burial to 610 to 635. This makes Sigeberht, who died in 637, less likely. Rædwald is still the favourite, although Eorpwald also fits the timescale as he died 627–28.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHilts201948-61">[57]</a> Closer inspection of the sword hilt suggests that the occupant was <a href="/wiki/Handedness" title="Handedness">left-handed</a>, as the hilt's <a href="/wiki/Ductility" title="Ductility">malleable</a> gold pieces are worn down on the opposite side than would be expected with a right-handed owner.<a href="#cite_note-62">[58]</a> The unorthodox sword placement on the right side of the body supports this theory, as other Anglo Saxon burials placed the sword on the left side of the body.<a href="#cite_note-63">[59]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_objects_in_the_burial_chamber">The objects in the burial chamber</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: The objects in the burial chamber">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sutton_Hoo_helmet_reconstructed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Sutton_Hoo_helmet_reconstructed.jpg/220px-Sutton_Hoo_helmet_reconstructed.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Sutton_Hoo_helmet_reconstructed.jpg/330px-Sutton_Hoo_helmet_reconstructed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Sutton_Hoo_helmet_reconstructed.jpg/440px-Sutton_Hoo_helmet_reconstructed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1162" data-file-height="1544" /></a><figcaption>A replica of the Sutton Hoo helmet produced for the British Museum by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Armouries" title="Royal Armouries">Royal Armouries</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/David_M._Wilson" title="David M. Wilson">David M. Wilson</a> has remarked that the metal artworks found in the Sutton Hoo graves were "work of the highest quality, not only in English but in European terms".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson198425-64">[60]</a> Sutton Hoo is a cornerstone of the study of art in Britain in the 6th–9th centuries. George Henderson has described the ship treasures as "the first proven hothouse for the incubation of the <a href="/wiki/Insular_art" title="Insular art">Insular style</a>".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHendersonHenderson200416-65">[61]</a> The gold and garnet fittings show the creative fusion of earlier techniques and motifs by a master <a href="/wiki/Goldsmith" title="Goldsmith">goldsmith</a>. Insular art drew upon Irish, <a href="/wiki/Pictish" class="mw-redirect" title="Pictish">Pictish</a>, Anglo-Saxon, native <a href="/wiki/Britons_(historic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Britons (historic)">British</a> and Mediterranean artistic sources: the 7th-century <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Durrow" title="Book of Durrow">Book of Durrow</a> owes as much to Pictish sculpture, British millefiori and <a href="/wiki/Vitreous_enamel" title="Vitreous enamel">enamelwork</a> and Anglo-Saxon cloisonné metalwork as it does to Irish art.<a href="#cite_note-66">[e]</a> The Sutton Hoo treasures represent a continuum from pre-Christian royal accumulation of precious objects from diverse cultural sources, through to the art of gospel books, <a href="/wiki/Shrines" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrines">shrines</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">liturgical</a> or dynastic objects. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_head_area:_the_helmet,_bowls_and_spoons">The head area: the helmet, bowls and spoons</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: The head area: the helmet, bowls and spoons">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Hoo_helmet" title="Sutton Hoo helmet">Sutton Hoo helmet</a></div> On the head's left side was placed a "crested" and masked <a href="/wiki/Combat_helmet" title="Combat helmet">helmet</a> wrapped in cloths.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1978138–231Evans198646–49-67">[62]</a> With its panels of tinned bronze and assembled mounts, the decoration is directly comparable to that found on helmets from the <a href="/wiki/Vendel" title="Vendel">Vendel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valsg%C3%A4rde" title="Valsgärde">Valsgärde</a> burial sites in eastern Sweden.<a href="#cite_note-68">[63]</a> The Sutton Hoo helmet differs from the Swedish examples in having an iron skull of a single vaulted shell and has a full face mask, a solid <a href="/wiki/Neck_guard" title="Neck guard">neck guard</a> and deep cheekpieces. These features have been used to suggest an English origin for the helmet's basic structure; the deep cheekpieces have parallels in the <a href="/wiki/Coppergate_helmet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coppergate helmet">Coppergate helmet</a>, found in <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans198649-69">[64]</a> Although outwardly very like the Swedish examples, the Sutton Hoo helmet is a product of better craftsmanship. Helmets are extremely rare finds. No other such figural plaques were known in England, apart from a fragment from a burial at <a href="/wiki/Caenby" title="Caenby">Caenby</a>, Lincolnshire,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1978206,_Fig._153-70">[65]</a> until the 2009 discovery of the <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_hoard" class="mw-redirect" title="Staffordshire hoard">Staffordshire hoard</a>, which contained many.<a href="#cite_note-71">[66]</a> The helmet rusted in the grave and was shattered into hundreds of tiny fragments when the chamber roof collapsed. These fragments were catalogued and organised so they could be reassembled.<a href="#cite_note-77">[f]</a> To the head's right was placed inverted a nested set of ten silver bowls, probably made in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Empire">Eastern Empire</a> during the sixth century. Beneath them were two silver spoons, possibly of Byzantine origin, of a type bearing names of the <a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1983a69–146-78">[72]</a> One spoon is marked in original <a href="/wiki/Niello" title="Niello">nielloed</a> Greek lettering with the name of PAULOS, "Paul". The other, matching spoon had been modified using lettering conventions of a Frankish coin-die cutter, to read SAULOS, "Saul". One theory suggests that the spoons (and possibly also the bowls) were a baptismal gift for the buried person.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans198659–63Plunkett200166–71-79">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_weapons_on_the_right_side_of_the_body">The weapons on the right side of the body</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: The weapons on the right side of the body">edit</a>]</div> On the right of the "body" lay a set of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spear" class="extiw" title="wikt:spear">spears</a>, tips uppermost, including three barbed <a href="/wiki/Angon" title="Angon">angons</a>, with their heads thrust through a handle of the bronze bowl.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1978241–272-80">[74]</a> Nearby was a wand with a small mount depicting a <a href="/wiki/Wolf" title="Wolf">wolf</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1978394–402Evans198692–93-81">[75]</a> Closer to the body lay the <a href="/wiki/Sword" title="Sword">sword</a> with a gold and <a href="/wiki/Garnet_cloisonn%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Garnet cloisonné">garnet cloisonné</a> pommel 85 centimetres (33 in) long, its pattern welded blade still within its scabbard, with superlative scabbard-bosses of domed cellwork and pyramidal mounts.<a href="#cite_note-82">[76]</a> Attached to this and lying toward the body was the sword harness and belt, fitted with a suite of gold mounts and strap-distributors of extremely intricate garnet cellwork ornament.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans198644–46-83">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Upper_body_area:_purse,_shoulder-clasps_and_great_buckle">Upper body area: purse, shoulder-clasps and great buckle</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Upper body area: purse, shoulder-clasps and great buckle">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:189px;max-width:189px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:112px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Sutton_hoo_(1).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sutton_hoo_%281%29.JPG/187px-Sutton_hoo_%281%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="187" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sutton_hoo_%281%29.JPG/281px-Sutton_hoo_%281%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Sutton_hoo_%281%29.JPG/374px-Sutton_hoo_%281%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3465" data-file-height="2085" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:199px;max-width:199px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:112px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_gold_buckle_sutton_hoo.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Great_gold_buckle_sutton_hoo.JPG/197px-Great_gold_buckle_sutton_hoo.JPG" decoding="async" width="197" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Great_gold_buckle_sutton_hoo.JPG/296px-Great_gold_buckle_sutton_hoo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Great_gold_buckle_sutton_hoo.JPG/394px-Great_gold_buckle_sutton_hoo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6476" data-file-height="3712" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:194px;max-width:194px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:144px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Sutton_Hoo_(5).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Sutton_Hoo_%285%29.JPG/192px-Sutton_Hoo_%285%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="192" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Sutton_Hoo_%285%29.JPG/288px-Sutton_Hoo_%285%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Sutton_Hoo_%285%29.JPG/384px-Sutton_Hoo_%285%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:194px;max-width:194px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:144px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Sutton_Hoo_(4).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Sutton_Hoo_%284%29.JPG/192px-Sutton_Hoo_%284%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="192" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Sutton_Hoo_%284%29.JPG/288px-Sutton_Hoo_%284%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Sutton_Hoo_%284%29.JPG/384px-Sutton_Hoo_%284%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Clockwise from upper left: The <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Hoo_purse-lid" title="Sutton Hoo purse-lid">purse-lid</a>, Great Buckle, ornate gold belt and the two identical shoulder-clasps from the treasure.</div></div></div></div> Together with the sword harness and scabbard mounts, the gold and garnet objects found in the upper body space, which form a co-ordinated ensemble, are among the true wonders of Sutton Hoo. Their artistic and technical quality is exceptional.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1978432–625Evans1986109-84">[78]</a> The "great" gold buckle is made in three parts.<a href="#cite_note-85">[79]</a> The plate is a long ovoid of a meandering but symmetrical outline with densely interwoven and interpenetrating ribbon animals rendered in <a href="/wiki/Chip-carving" class="mw-redirect" title="Chip-carving">chip-carving</a> on the front. The gold surfaces are punched to receive niello detail. The plate is hollow and has a hinged back, forming a secret chamber, possibly for a <a href="/wiki/Relic" title="Relic">relic</a>. Both the tongue-plate and hoop are solid, ornamented, and expertly engineered. Each shoulder-clasp consists of two matching curved halves, hinged upon a long removable chained pin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1978523–535,_584–589-86">[80]</a> The surfaces display panels of interlocking stepped garnets and chequer millefiori insets, surrounded by <a href="/wiki/Interlace_(art)" title="Interlace (art)">interlaced</a> ornament of <a href="/wiki/Animal_style#Germanic_animal_style" title="Animal style">Germanic Style II</a> ribbon animals. The half-round clasp ends contain garnet-work of interlocking <a href="/wiki/Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">wild boars</a> with <a href="/wiki/Filigree" title="Filigree">filigree</a> surrounds. On the underside of the mounts are <a href="/wiki/Lug_(knob)" title="Lug (knob)">lugs</a> for attachment to a stiff leather <a href="/wiki/Cuirass" title="Cuirass">cuirass</a>. The function of the clasps is to hold together the two halves of such armour so that it can fit the torso closely in the Roman manner.<a href="#cite_note-87">[81]</a> The cuirass itself, possibly worn in the grave, did not survive. No other Anglo-Saxon cuirass clasps are known. The <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Hoo_purse-lid" title="Sutton Hoo purse-lid">ornamental purse-lid</a>, covering a lost leather pouch, hung from the waist-belt.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1978487–522Evans198687–88-88">[82]</a> The lid consists of a kidney-shaped cell work-frame enclosing a sheet of the horn, on which were mounted pairs of exquisite garnet cell work plaques depicting birds, wolves devouring men (or the ancient motif of the <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Animals" title="Master of Animals">Master of Animals</a>), geometric motifs and a double panel showing animals with interlaced extremities. The maker derived these images from the ornament of the Swedish-style helmets and shield-mounts. In his work, they are transferred into the cell work medium with dazzling technical and artistic virtuosity. These are the work of a master-goldsmith who had access to an East Anglian <a href="/wiki/Armory_(military)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armory (military)">armoury</a> containing the objects used as pattern sources. As an ensemble they enabled the patron to appear imperial.<a href="#cite_note-89">[g]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[84]</a> The purse contained thirty-seven gold <a href="/wiki/Shillings" class="mw-redirect" title="Shillings">shillings</a> or <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_English_penny_(c._600%E2%80%931066)#The_earliest_gold_coinage:_thrymsas" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the English penny (c. 600–1066)">tremisses</a>, each originating from a different Frankish <a href="/wiki/Mint_(coin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mint (coin)">mint</a>. They were deliberately collected. There were also three blank coins and two small <a href="/wiki/Ingot" title="Ingot">ingots</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975578–677-92">[85]</a> This has prompted various explanations: possibly like the Roman <a href="/wiki/Obolus" class="mw-redirect" title="Obolus">obolus</a> they may have been left to pay the forty ghostly oarsmen in the afterworld or were a funeral tribute, or an expression of allegiance.<a href="#cite_note-93">[86]</a> They provide the primary evidence for the date of the burial, which was debatably in the third decade of the 7th century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans198688–89-94">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_lower_body_and_'heaps'_areas">The lower body and 'heaps' areas</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: The lower body and 'heaps' areas">edit</a>]</div> In the area corresponding to the lower legs of the body were laid out various drinking vessels, including a pair of drinking horns made from the horns of an <a href="/wiki/Aurochs" title="Aurochs">aurochs</a>, extinct since early medieval times.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1983a316–346Evans198664–68-95">[88]</a> These have matching die-stamped gilt rim mounts and vandykes, of similar workmanship and design to the shield mounts, and exactly similar to the surviving horn vandykes from Mound 2.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975117–118-96">[89]</a> In the same area stood a set of maplewood cups with similar rim-mounts and vandykes,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1983a347–360Evans198664–68-97">[90]</a> and a heap of folded textiles lay on the left side. A large quantity of material including metal objects and textiles was formed into two folded or packed heaps on the east end of the central wooden structure. This included the extremely rare survival of a long <a href="/wiki/Hauberk" title="Hauberk">coat of ring-mail</a>, made of alternate rows of welded and riveted iron links,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1978232–240Evans198641-98">[91]</a> two hanging bowls,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1983a244–262,_282–295-99">[92]</a> leather shoes,<a href="#cite_note-100">[93]</a> a cushion stuffed with feathers, folded objects of leather and a wooden platter. At one side of the heaps lay an iron hammer-axe with a long iron handle, possibly a weapon.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1983b833–843-101">[94]</a> On top of the folded heaps was set a fluted silver dish with drop handles, probably made in Italy, with the <a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">relief</a> image of a female head in late Roman style worked into the bowl.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1983a45–61-102">[95]</a> This contained a series of small <a href="/wiki/Burl" title="Burl">burr-wood</a> cups with rim-mounts, combs of <a href="/wiki/Antler" title="Antler">antler</a>, small metal knives, a small silver bowl, and various other small effects (possibly toilet equipment), and including a bone gaming-piece, thought to be the '<a href="/wiki/Tafl_games" title="Tafl games">king piece</a>' from a set.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1983a151–153Bruce-Mitford1983b813–832,_853–874Evans198657–59,_68–70-103">[96]</a> (Traces of bone above the head position have suggested that a gaming-board was possibly set out, as at <a href="/wiki/Taplow_burial" class="mw-redirect" title="Taplow burial">Taplow</a>.) Above these was a silver <a href="/wiki/Ladle_(spoon)" title="Ladle (spoon)">ladle</a> with gilt chevron ornament, also of Mediterranean origin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1983a146–151-104">[97]</a> Over the whole of this, perched on top of the heaps, or their container, if there was one, lay a very large round silver platter with chased ornament, made in the Eastern Empire circa 500 and bearing the control stamps of <a href="/wiki/Anastasius_I_(emperor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anastasius I (emperor)">Emperor Anastasius I</a> (491–518).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1983a4–44Evans198657–58-105">[98]</a> On this plate was deposited a piece of unburnt bone of uncertain derivation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips1940175Bruce-Mitford1975547-106">[99]</a> The assemblage of Mediterranean silverware in the Sutton Hoo grave is unique for this period in Britain and Europe.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford19743–4Evans198657-107">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_west_and_east_walls">The west and east walls</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: The west and east walls">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sutton.Hoo.Shield.Minophis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Sutton.Hoo.Shield.Minophis.jpg/220px-Sutton.Hoo.Shield.Minophis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Sutton.Hoo.Shield.Minophis.jpg/330px-Sutton.Hoo.Shield.Minophis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Sutton.Hoo.Shield.Minophis.jpg/440px-Sutton.Hoo.Shield.Minophis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="773" data-file-height="784" /></a><figcaption>The shield-fittings reassembled</figcaption></figure> Along the inner west wall (i.e. the head end) at the north-west corner stood a tall iron stand with a grid near the top.<a href="#cite_note-108">[101]</a> Beside this rested a very large circular shield,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford19781–129-109">[102]</a> with a central boss, mounted with garnets and with die-pressed plaques of interlaced animal ornament.<a href="#cite_note-111">[h]</a> The shield front displayed two large emblems with garnet settings, one a composite metal predatory bird and the other a flying dragon. It also bore animal-ornamented sheet strips directly die-linked to examples from the early cemetery at Vendel<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStolpeArne1927-112">[104]</a> near <a href="/wiki/Old_Uppsala" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Uppsala">Old Uppsala</a> in Sweden.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1986Evans198649–55,_111–119-113">[105]</a> A small bell, possibly for an animal, lay nearby. Along the wall was a long square-sectioned <a href="/wiki/Whetstone_(tool)" class="mw-redirect" title="Whetstone (tool)">whetstone</a>, tapered at either end and carved with human faces on each side. A ring mount, topped by a bronze antlered stag figurine, was fixed to the upper end, possibly made to resemble a late Roman consular <a href="/wiki/Sceptre" title="Sceptre">sceptre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-114">[106]</a> The purpose of the sceptre has generated considerable debate and a number of theories, some of which point to the potential <a href="/wiki/Deer_in_mythology" title="Deer in mythology">religious significance of the stag</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ANGSAXCAM-115">[107]</a> South of the sceptre was an iron-bound wooden bucket, one of several in the grave.<a href="#cite_note-116">[108]</a> In the south-west corner was a group of objects which may have been hung up, but when discovered, were compressed together. They included a <a href="/wiki/Copt#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Copt">Coptic</a> or eastern Mediterranean bronze bowl with drop handles and figures of animals,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1983b732–757Evans198663-117">[109]</a> found below a badly deformed six-stringed <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_lyre" title="Anglo-Saxon lyre">Anglo-Saxon lyre</a> in a beaver-skin bag, of a Germanic type found in wealthy Anglo-Saxon and north European graves of this date.<a href="#cite_note-118">[110]</a> Uppermost was a large and exceptionally elaborate three-hooked hanging bowl of Insular production, with <a href="/wiki/Champlev%C3%A9" title="Champlevé">champleve</a> enamel and millefiori mounts showing fine-line spiral ornament and red cross motifs and with an enamelled metal fish mounted to swivel on a pin within the bowl.<a href="#cite_note-119">[111]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2008-05-17-SuttonHoo_Burial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/2008-05-17-SuttonHoo_Burial.jpg/220px-2008-05-17-SuttonHoo_Burial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/2008-05-17-SuttonHoo_Burial.jpg/330px-2008-05-17-SuttonHoo_Burial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/2008-05-17-SuttonHoo_Burial.jpg/440px-2008-05-17-SuttonHoo_Burial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a><figcaption>The recreated burial-ship at Sutton Hoo</figcaption></figure> At the east end of the chamber, near the north corner, stood an iron-bound tub of <a href="/wiki/Taxus" title="Taxus">yew</a> containing a smaller bucket. To the south were two small bronze <a href="/wiki/Cauldrons" class="mw-redirect" title="Cauldrons">cauldrons</a>, which were probably hung against the wall. A large carinated bronze cauldron, similar to the example from a chamber-grave at <a href="/wiki/Taplow" title="Taplow">Taplow</a>, with iron mounts and two ring-handles was hung by one handle.<a href="#cite_note-120">[112]</a> Nearby lay an iron chain almost 3.5 metres (11 ft) long, of complex ornamental sections and wrought links, for suspending a cauldron from the beams of a large hall. The chain was the product of a British tradition dating back to pre-Roman times.<a href="#cite_note-121">[113]</a> All these items were of a domestic character. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Textiles">Textiles</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Textiles">edit</a>]</div> The burial chamber was evidently rich in textiles, represented by many fragments preserved, or by chemicals formed by <a href="/wiki/Corrosion" title="Corrosion">corrosion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[114]</a> They included quantities of <a href="/wiki/Twill" title="Twill">twill</a>, possibly from <a href="/wiki/Cloaks" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloaks">cloaks</a>, blankets or hangings, and the remains of cloaks with characteristic long-pile weaving. There appear to have been more exotic coloured hangings or spreads, including some (possibly imported) woven in stepped lozenge patterns using a Syrian technique in which the <a href="/wiki/Weft" class="mw-redirect" title="Weft">weft</a> is looped around the <a href="/wiki/Warp_(weaving)" class="mw-redirect" title="Warp (weaving)">warp</a> to create a textured surface. Two other colour-patterned textiles, near the head and foot of the body area, resemble Scandinavian work of the same period. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparisons">Comparisons</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Comparisons">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Similarities_with_Swedish_burials">Similarities with Swedish burials</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Similarities with Swedish burials">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:263px;max-width:263px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:196px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Swedish_shield_from_Vendel_(946).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Swedish_shield_from_Vendel_%28946%29.jpg/261px-Swedish_shield_from_Vendel_%28946%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="261" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Swedish_shield_from_Vendel_%28946%29.jpg/392px-Swedish_shield_from_Vendel_%28946%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Swedish_shield_from_Vendel_%28946%29.jpg/522px-Swedish_shield_from_Vendel_%28946%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:125px;max-width:125px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:196px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Vendel_I_helmet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Vendel_I_helmet.jpg/123px-Vendel_I_helmet.jpg" decoding="async" width="123" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Vendel_I_helmet.jpg/185px-Vendel_I_helmet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Vendel_I_helmet.jpg/246px-Vendel_I_helmet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1028" data-file-height="1644" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">left: A Swedish shield from Vendel; right A helmet from the 7th century ship-burial at Vendel.</div></div></div></div> A series of excavations in 1881–83 by <a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Stolpe" title="Hjalmar Stolpe">Hjalmar Stolpe</a> revealed 14 graves in the village of Vendel in eastern Sweden.<a href="#cite_note-123">[115]</a> Several of the burials were contained in boats up to 9 metres (30 ft) long and were furnished with swords, shields, helmets and other items.<a href="#cite_note-124">[116]</a> Beginning in 1928, another gravefield containing princely burials was excavated at Valsgärde.<a href="#cite_note-125">[117]</a> The pagan custom of furnished burial may have reached a natural culmination as Christianity began to make its mark.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford197417–35-126">[118]</a> The Vendel and Valsgärde graves also included ships, similar artefact groups, and many <a href="/wiki/Bl%C3%B3t" title="Blót">sacrificed animals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArrhenius1983-127">[119]</a> Ship-burials for this period are largely confined to eastern Sweden and East Anglia. The earlier mound-burials at Old Uppsala, in the same region, have a more direct bearing on the Beowulf story, but do not contain ship-burials. The famous <a href="/wiki/Gokstad" class="mw-redirect" title="Gokstad">Gokstad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oseberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Oseberg">Oseberg</a> ship-burials of <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> are of a later date. The inclusion of drinking-horns, lyre, sword and shield, bronze and glass vessels is typical of high-status chamber-graves in England.<a href="#cite_note-128">[120]</a> The similar selection and arrangement of the goods in these graves indicates a conformity of household possessions and funeral customs between people of this status, with the Sutton Hoo ship-burial being a uniquely elaborated version, of exceptional quality. Unusually, Sutton Hoo included regalia and instruments of power and had direct Scandinavian connections.<a href="#cite_note-du_Chaillu_1889,_II,_42–46-129">[121]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute">dubious</a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Sutton_Hoo#du_Chaillu" title="Talk:Sutton Hoo">discuss</a>] A possible explanation for such connections lies in the well-attested northern custom by which the children of leading men were often raised away from home by a distinguished friend or relative.<a href="#cite_note-du_Chaillu_1889,_II,_42–46-129">[121]</a> A future East Anglian king, whilst being fostered in Sweden, could have acquired high-quality objects and made contact with armourers, before returning to East Anglia to rule. Carver argues that pagan East Anglian rulers would have responded to the growing encroachment of Roman Christendom by employing ever more elaborate cremation rituals, so expressing defiance and independence. The execution victims, if not sacrificed for the ship-burial, perhaps suffered for their dissent from the cult of Christian royalty:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver1998137–143-130">[122]</a> their executions may coincide in date with the period of <a href="/wiki/Mercia" title="Mercia">Mercian</a> hegemony over East Anglia in about 760–825.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlunkett2005173-131">[123]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Connections_with_Beowulf">Connections with Beowulf</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Connections with Beowulf">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Beowulf" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a></div> Beowulf, the Old English <a href="/wiki/Epic_poem" class="mw-redirect" title="Epic poem">epic poem</a> set in Denmark and Sweden (mostly <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6taland" title="Götaland">Götaland</a>) during the first half of the 6th century, opens with the funeral of the great Danish king, <a href="/wiki/Skj%C3%B6ldr" title="Skjöldr">Skjöldr</a> (a.k.a. Scyld Scefing or Shield Sheafson), in a ship laden with treasure and has other descriptions of hoards, including Beowulf's own mound-burial. Its picture of warrior life in the hall of the Danish <a href="/wiki/Scylding" title="Scylding">Scylding</a> <a href="/wiki/Norse_clans" title="Norse clans">clan</a>, with formal mead-drinking, <a href="/wiki/Minstrel" title="Minstrel">minstrel</a> recitation to the lyre and the rewarding of valour with gifts, and the description of a helmet, could all be illustrated from the Sutton Hoo finds. The east Sweden connections seen in several of the Sutton Hoo artefacts reinforce the link to the world of Beowulf.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford197435–55-132">[124]</a> Several scholars have explained how interpretations of Sutton Hoo and Beowulf have had a bearing on the other.<a href="#cite_note-133">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-134">[126]</a> Roberta Frank has demonstrated that the Sutton Hoo discovery initiated an increase in appearances of 'silver' in Beowulf translations despite the absence of Old English words connoting silver in the poem.<a href="#cite_note-:0-134">[126]</a> Sam Newton draws together the Sutton Hoo and Beowulf links with the Rædwald identification. Using genealogical data, he argues that the Wuffing dynasty derived from the <a href="/wiki/Geatish" class="mw-redirect" title="Geatish">Geatish</a> house of <a href="/wiki/Wulfing" class="mw-redirect" title="Wulfing">Wulfing</a>, mentioned in both Beowulf and the poem <a href="/wiki/Widsith" title="Widsith">Widsith</a>. Possibly the oral materials from which Beowulf was assembled belonged to East Anglian royal tradition, and they and the ship-burial took shape together as heroic restatements of migration-age origins.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENewton1993-135">[127]</a> Christopher Brooke in The Saxon & Norman Kings (1963) gives copious notes regarding Beowulf and the Sutton Hoo treasure and relates the life of the chiefs in the literary work with the 1939 discovery of the ship-burial.<a href="#cite_note-136">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Excavations">Excavations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Excavations">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Before_1938">Before 1938</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Before 1938">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1860-11-24_-_The_Ipswich_Journal_-_Sutton_Hoo_notice.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/1860-11-24_-_The_Ipswich_Journal_-_Sutton_Hoo_notice.png/220px-1860-11-24_-_The_Ipswich_Journal_-_Sutton_Hoo_notice.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/1860-11-24_-_The_Ipswich_Journal_-_Sutton_Hoo_notice.png/330px-1860-11-24_-_The_Ipswich_Journal_-_Sutton_Hoo_notice.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/1860-11-24_-_The_Ipswich_Journal_-_Sutton_Hoo_notice.png/440px-1860-11-24_-_The_Ipswich_Journal_-_Sutton_Hoo_notice.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption>A notice in the 24 November 1860 edition of The Ipswich Journal</figcaption></figure> In medieval times the westerly end of the mound was dug away and a boundary ditch was laid out. Therefore, when looters dug into the apparent centre during the sixteenth century, they missed the real centre: nor could they have foreseen that the deposit lay very deep in the belly of a buried ship, well below the level of the land surface.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver1998147-137">[129]</a> In the 16th century, a pit, dated by bottle shards left at the bottom, was dug into Mound 1, narrowly missing the burial.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver1998147-137">[129]</a> The area was explored extensively during the 19th century, when a small viewing platform was constructed,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver1998148–153-138">[130]</a> but no useful records were made. In 1860 it was reported that nearly two <a href="/wiki/Bushel" title="Bushel">bushels</a> of iron screw bolts, presumably ship rivets, had been found at the recent opening of a mound and that it was hoped to open others.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Ipswich_Journal1860-139">[131]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoppitt1985-140">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basil_Brown_and_Charles_Phillips:_1938–1939">Basil Brown and Charles Phillips: 1938–1939</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Basil Brown and Charles Phillips: 1938–1939">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Edith_Pretty" title="Edith Pretty">Edith Pretty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basil_Brown" title="Basil Brown">Basil Brown</a></div> In 1910, a mansion, <a href="/wiki/Tranmer_House" title="Tranmer House">Tranmer House</a>, was built a short distance from the mounds. In 1926 the Tranmer estate was purchased by Colonel Frank Pretty, a retired military officer who had recently married. In 1934, Pretty died, leaving a widow, <a href="/wiki/Edith_Pretty" title="Edith Pretty">Edith Pretty</a>, and young son, Robert Dempster Pretty.<a href="#cite_note-141">[133]</a> Following her bereavement, Edith became interested in <a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(religious_movement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiritualism (religious movement)">Spiritualism</a>, a popular religious movement that purported to enable the living to communicate with the dead. In 1937, Pretty decided to organise an excavation of the mounds.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver19984-142">[134]</a> Through the <a href="/wiki/Ipswich_Museum" title="Ipswich Museum">Ipswich Museum</a>, she obtained the services of <a href="/wiki/Basil_Brown" title="Basil Brown">Basil Brown</a>, a self-taught Suffolk archaeologist who had taken up full-time investigations of Roman sites for the museum.<a href="#cite_note-143">[135]</a> In June 1938, Pretty took him to the site, offered him accommodation and a wage of 30 shillings a week, and suggested that he start digging at Mound 1.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver19984–5-144">[136]</a> Because it had been disturbed by earlier grave diggers, Brown, in consultation with the Ipswich Museum, decided instead to open three smaller mounds (2, 3 and 4). These only revealed fragmented artefacts, as the mounds had been robbed of valuable items.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975100–131Markham200212–14-145">[137]</a> In Mound 2 he found iron ship-rivets and a disturbed chamber burial that contained unusual fragments of metal and glass artefacts. At first, it was undecided as to whether they were Early Anglo-Saxon or <a href="/wiki/Viking_Age" title="Viking Age">Viking</a> objects.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975100–136-146">[138]</a> The Ipswich Museum then became involved with the excavations;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver19987-147">[139]</a> the finds became part of the museum's collection. In May 1939, Brown began work on Mound 1, helped by Pretty's gardener John (Jack) Jacobs, her gamekeeper William Spooner, and another estate worker Bert Fuller.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1986-148">[140]</a> (Jacobs lived with his wife and their three children at Sutton Hoo House.) They drove a trench from the east end and on the third day discovered an iron rivet which Brown identified as a ship's rivet.<a href="#cite_note-149">[i]</a> Within hours others were found still in position. The colossal size of the find became apparent. After several weeks of patiently removing earth from the ship's hull, they reached the burial chamber.<a href="#cite_note-150">[141]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SHIP_MED.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/SHIP_MED.jpg/220px-SHIP_MED.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/SHIP_MED.jpg/330px-SHIP_MED.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/SHIP_MED.jpg/440px-SHIP_MED.jpg 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="463" /></a><figcaption>A so-called 'ghostly' image of the buried ship was revealed during excavations in 1939. The 'ghost' effect was the result of sand discoloured by the organic matter which had rotted away. Still from a film made by H. J. Phillips, brother of Charles Phillips.</figcaption></figure> The following month, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Phillips_(archaeologist)" title="Charles Phillips (archaeologist)">Charles Phillips</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University">Cambridge University</a> heard rumours of a ship discovery. He was taken to Sutton Hoo by Mr Maynard, the Ipswich Museum curator, and was staggered by what he saw. Within a short time, following discussions with the Ipswich Museum, the British Museum, the <a href="/wiki/Science_Museum,_London" title="Science Museum, London">Science Museum</a>, and Office of Works, Phillips had taken over responsibility for the excavation of the burial chamber.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver199812-151">[142]</a> Initially, Phillips and the British Museum instructed Brown to cease excavating until they could get their team assembled, but he continued working, something which may have saved the site from being looted by treasure hunters.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver199812-151">[142]</a> Phillips's team included <a href="/wiki/W.F._Grimes" class="mw-redirect" title="W.F. Grimes">W.F. Grimes</a> and <a href="/wiki/O._G._S._Crawford" title="O. G. S. Crawford">O.G.S. Crawford</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey" title="Ordnance Survey">Ordnance Survey</a>, Peggy Piggott (later known as <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Guido" class="mw-redirect" title="Margaret Guido">Margaret Guido</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Piggott" title="Stuart Piggott">Stuart Piggott</a>, and other friends and colleagues.<a href="#cite_note-152">[143]</a> Extensive photography of the ship excavation was made by <a href="/wiki/Mercie_Lack" title="Mercie Lack">Mercie Lack</a> and Barbara Wagstaff. The need for secrecy and various vested interests led to a confrontation between Phillips and the Ipswich Museum. In 1935–1936 Phillips and his friend <a href="/wiki/Grahame_Clark" title="Grahame Clark">Grahame Clark</a> had taken control of <a href="/wiki/The_Prehistoric_Society" title="The Prehistoric Society">The Prehistoric Society</a>. Maynard, then turned his attention to developing Brown's work for the museum. Phillips, who disliked the museum's honorary president, Reid Moir, F.R.S., had now reappeared, and he deliberately excluded Moir and Maynard from the new discovery at Sutton Hoo.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClark1985Phillips198770–80Plunkett1998182,_189Markham20028–9,_31–35-153">[144]</a> After Ipswich Museum prematurely announced the discovery, reporters attempted to access the site, so Pretty paid for two policemen to guard the site 24 hours a day.<a href="#cite_note-154">[145]</a> The finds, having been packed and removed to London, were brought back for a <a href="/wiki/Treasure_trove" title="Treasure trove">treasure trove</a> inquest held that autumn at Sutton village hall, where it was decided that since the treasure was buried without the intention to recover it, it was the property of Pretty as the landowner.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975718–731-155">[146]</a> Pretty decided to bequeath the treasure as a gift to the nation, so that the meaning and excitement of her discovery could be shared by everyone.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarkham200250–54-156">[147]</a> When <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">World War II</a> broke out in September 1939, the grave-goods were put in storage. Sutton Hoo was used as a training ground for military vehicles.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver199825–26-157">[148]</a> Phillips and colleagues produced important publications in 1940 including a dedicated issue of <a href="/wiki/Antiquity_(journal)" title="Antiquity (journal)">Antiquity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-158">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rupert_Bruce-Mitford:_1965–1971">Rupert Bruce-Mitford: 1965–1971</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Rupert Bruce-Mitford: 1965–1971">edit</a>]</div> After the war ended in 1945, the Sutton Hoo artefacts were removed from storage. A team, led by <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Bruce-Mitford" title="Rupert Bruce-Mitford">Rupert Bruce-Mitford</a>, from the British Museum's Department of British and Medieval Antiquities, determined their nature and helped to reconstruct and replicate the sceptre and helmet.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver199826–31-159">[150]</a> They also oversaw the conservation of the artefacts, to protect them and enable them to be viewed by the public.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver199832-160">[151]</a> From analysing the data collected in 1938–39, Bruce-Mitford concluded that there were still unanswered questions. As a result of his interest in excavating previously unexplored areas of the Sutton Hoo site, a second archaeological investigation was organised. In 1965, a British Museum team began work, continuing until 1971. The ship impression was re-exposed and found to have suffered some damage, not having been back-filled after excavation in 1939.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975230–344-161">[152]</a> Nevertheless, it remained sufficiently intact for a <a href="/wiki/Plaster_cast" title="Plaster cast">plaster cast</a> to be taken and a <a href="/wiki/Fiberglass" title="Fiberglass">fiberglass</a> shape produced. The decision was then made to destroy the impression in order to excavate underneath. The mound was later restored to its pre-1939 appearance. The team also determined the limits of Mound 5 and investigated evidence of prehistoric activity on the original land-surface.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975230–344-161">[152]</a> They scientifically analysed and reconstructed some of the finds. The three volumes of Bruce-Mitford's definitive text, The Sutton Hoo Ship-Burial, were published in 1975, 1978 and 1983.<a href="#cite_note-162">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Martin_Carver:_1983–1992">Martin Carver: 1983–1992</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Martin Carver: 1983–1992">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Sandman_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1000294.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/The_Sandman_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1000294.jpg/220px-The_Sandman_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1000294.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/The_Sandman_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1000294.jpg/330px-The_Sandman_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1000294.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/The_Sandman_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1000294.jpg/440px-The_Sandman_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1000294.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>Recent excavations revealed a figure that had been rolled into a shallow grave</figcaption></figure> In 1978 a committee was formed in order to mount a third and even larger excavation at Sutton Hoo. Backed by the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Antiquaries_of_London" title="Society of Antiquaries of London">Society of Antiquaries of London</a>, the committee proposed an investigation to be led by <a href="/wiki/Philip_Rahtz" title="Philip Rahtz">Philip Rahtz</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Archaeology_at_the_University_of_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Archaeology at the University of York">University of York</a> and Rupert Bruce-Mitford,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver199843-163">[154]</a> but the British Museum's reservations led to the committee deciding to collaborate with the <a href="/wiki/Ashmolean_Museum" title="Ashmolean Museum">Ashmolean Museum</a>. The committee recognised that much had changed in archaeology since the early 1970s. The <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservatives'</a> <a href="/wiki/Privatisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Privatisation">privatisation</a> policies signalled a decrease in state support for such projects, whilst the emergence of <a href="/wiki/Post-processualism" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-processualism">post-processualism</a> in <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_theory" title="Archaeological theory">archaeological theory</a> moved many archaeologists toward focussing on concepts such as social change.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver199845–47-164">[155]</a> The Ashmolean's involvement convinced the British Museum and the Society of Antiquaries to help fund the project. In 1982, Martin Carver from the University of York was appointed to run the excavation, with a research design aimed at exploring "the politics, social organisation and ideology" of Sutton Hoo.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver199845–47-164">[155]</a> Despite opposition by those who considered that funds available could be better used for <a href="/wiki/Rescue_archaeology" title="Rescue archaeology">rescue archaeology</a>, in 1983 the project went ahead. Carver believed in restoring the overgrown site, much of which was riddled with rabbit warrens.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver199848–49-165">[156]</a> After the site was surveyed using new techniques, the topsoil was stripped across an area that included Mounds 2, 5, 6, 7, 17 and 18. A new map of soil patterns and intrusions was produced that showed that the mounds had been sited in relation to prehistoric and Roman enclosure patterns. Anglo-Saxon graves of execution victims were found which were determined to be younger than the primary mounds. Mound 2 was re-explored and afterwards rebuilt. Mound 17, a previously undisturbed burial, was found to contain a young man, his weapons and goods, and a separate grave for a horse. A substantial part of the gravefield was left unexcavated for the benefit of future investigators and as yet unknown scientific methods.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver2005-166">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: 21st century">edit</a>]</div> In August 2024, archaeologists unearthed more fragments of a Byzantine bucket at Sutton Hoo.<a href="#cite_note-167">[158]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exhibition">Exhibition</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Exhibition">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sutton_Hoo_Exhibition_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Sutton_Hoo_Exhibition_Hall.jpg/170px-Sutton_Hoo_Exhibition_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Sutton_Hoo_Exhibition_Hall.jpg/255px-Sutton_Hoo_Exhibition_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Sutton_Hoo_Exhibition_Hall.jpg/340px-Sutton_Hoo_Exhibition_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1554" data-file-height="2220" /></a><figcaption>The Sutton Hoo Exhibition Hall with <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Hoo_Helmet_(sculpture)" title="Sutton Hoo Helmet (sculpture)">helmet sculpture</a> by <a href="/wiki/Rick_Kirby" title="Rick Kirby">Rick Kirby</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 210px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Sutton_Hoo_purse_wolf-warrior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Sutton_Hoo_purse_wolf-warrior.jpg/210px-Sutton_Hoo_purse_wolf-warrior.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Sutton_Hoo_purse_wolf-warrior.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="195" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/sutton-hoo-ship-burial.html">Sutton Hoo Ship Burial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smarthistory" title="Smarthistory">Smarthistory</a><a href="#cite_note-smarth-168">[159]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The ship-burial treasure was presented to the nation by the owner, Edith Pretty, and was at the time the largest gift made to the British Museum by a living donor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver199822-169">[160]</a> The principal items are now permanently on display at the British Museum. A display of the original finds excavated in 1938 from Mounds 2, 3 and 4, and replicas of the most important items from Mound 1, can be seen at the <a href="/wiki/Ipswich_Museum" title="Ipswich Museum">Ipswich Museum</a>. In the 1990s, the Sutton Hoo site, including Sutton Hoo House, was given to the National Trust by the Trustees of the Annie Tranmer Trust. At Sutton Hoo's visitor centre and Exhibition Hall, the newly found hanging bowl and the Bromeswell Bucket, finds from the equestrian grave, and a recreation of the burial chamber and its contents can be seen.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The 2001 Visitor Centre was designed by <a href="/wiki/Van_Heyningen_and_Haward_Architects" title="Van Heyningen and Haward Architects">van Heyningen and Haward Architects</a> for the National Trust. Their work included the overall planning of the estate, the design of an exhibition hall and visitor facilities, car parking and the restoration of the Edwardian house to provide additional facilities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2002-170">[161]</a> The £5m visitor centre was opened in March 2002 by Nobel laureate <a href="/wiki/Seamus_Heaney" title="Seamus Heaney">Seamus Heaney</a>, who had published a <a href="/wiki/Beowulf#Translations" title="Beowulf">translation of Beowulf</a>.<a href="#cite_note-171">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_creative_media">In creative media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: In creative media">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The Wuffings, a 1997 play written by Ivan Cutting and <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Crossley-Holland" title="Kevin Crossley-Holland">Kevin Crossley-Holland</a>, reimagines the events leading to the Mound 1 burial. It was performed by the Eastern Angles theatre group at <a href="/wiki/Wickham_Market" title="Wickham Market">Wickham Market</a>, 5 miles (8.0 km) north of Sutton Hoo.<a href="#cite_note-172">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[164]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dig_(novel)" title="The Dig (novel)">The Dig</a> is a 2007 historical novel by <a href="/wiki/John_Preston_(author,_born_1953)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Preston (author, born 1953)">John Preston</a>, the nephew of <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Guido" class="mw-redirect" title="Margaret Guido">Margaret Guido</a>, which reimagines the events of the 1939 excavation.<a href="#cite_note-174">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[166]</a> <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a>-produced <a href="/wiki/The_Dig_(2021_film)" title="The Dig (2021 film)">film adaptation of the novel</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Carey_Mulligan" title="Carey Mulligan">Carey Mulligan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Fiennes" title="Ralph Fiennes">Ralph Fiennes</a>, was released in January 2021. Some filming took place in the area around Sutton Hoo.<a href="#cite_note-176">[167]</a></li></ul></li> <li>The landscape of the site also features in the <a href="/wiki/Assassin%27s_Creed_Valhalla" title="Assassin's Creed Valhalla">Assassin's Creed Valhalla</a> video game released in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-177">[168]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/31px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/47px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/62px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Peterborough_Chronicle_cropped.jpg/23px-Peterborough_Chronicle_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="23" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Peterborough_Chronicle_cropped.jpg/35px-Peterborough_Chronicle_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Peterborough_Chronicle_cropped.jpg/47px-Peterborough_Chronicle_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="297" data-file-height="355" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Anglo-Saxon_England" title="Portal:Anglo-Saxon England">Anglo-Saxon England portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Staffordshire_Hoard" title="Staffordshire Hoard">Staffordshire Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prittlewell_royal_Anglo-Saxon_burial" title="Prittlewell royal Anglo-Saxon burial">Prittlewell royal Anglo-Saxon burial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Must_Farm" title="Must Farm">Must Farm</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> A full description of the locality and environment has been produced by <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Bruce-Mitford" title="Rupert Bruce-Mitford">Rupert Bruce-Mitford</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford19751–98-4">[4]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> Archaeological studies of this region include the East Anglian Kingdom project and, since 1974, the Ipswich Excavation Project, undertaken for <a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County_Council" title="Suffolk County Council">Suffolk County Council</a> and spearheaded by Keith Wade.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> The example from Eschwege, Niederhonen in the Lower Werra valley, a tributary of the River Weser, is displayed at <a href="/wiki/Kassel" title="Kassel">Kassel</a> Museum, Germany.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> See, e.g., <a href="#CITEREFCampbell1992">Campbell 1992</a>. Carver, Sutton Hoo, pp. 22–23, says Chadwick's identification was "repeatedly endorsed by other scholars for fifty years", and that Rædwald "is still the favourite candidate"; see also pp. 172–173 and notes. </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> See also <a href="#CITEREFHenderson1987">Henderson 1987</a>; <a href="#CITEREFHenderson1999">Henderson 1999</a>, pp. 19–53, though the Pictish influences are seen by many, including David M. Wilson, as flowing the other way. </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> The fragments were used in 1945–1946<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford19462–4-72">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin-Clarke194763_n.19-73">[68]</a> by <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Maryon" title="Herbert Maryon">Herbert Maryon</a> to produce the reconstructed helmet that was displayed at the <a href="/wiki/Festival_of_Britain" title="Festival of Britain">Festival of Britain</a> in 1951, and were reinterpreted by <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Williams_(conservator)" title="Nigel Williams (conservator)">Nigel Williams</a> in 1970–1971<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1972123-74">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams199288-75">[70]</a> using materials not previously identified as well as newer methods. A replica helmet was created using these findings.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1974198–209-76">[71]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> That is, in the sense of the Imitatio Imperii Romanorum, not meaning an actual imperial claim. </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> Pressblech metal foils were impressed in a single operation using a hard die over a softer supporting surface, unlike <a href="/wiki/Repouss%C3%A9_and_chasing" title="Repoussé and chasing">repoussé</a> work in which the pattern is raised manually.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoatsworthPinder2002109–114-110">[103]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> John Jacobs described what he and Basil Brown found in a short recorded commentary which can be heard on the aural history earpieces at Sutton Hoo National Trust Exhibition Hall. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/map/county/Suffolk">"Sutton"</a>. Key to English place names. University of Nottingham. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210214090833/http://kepn.nottingham.ac.uk/map/county/Suffolk">Archived</a> from the original on 14 February 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Key+to+English+place+names&rft.atitle=Sutton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkepn.nottingham.ac.uk%2Fmap%2Fcounty%2FSuffolk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-stan-2"><a href="#cite_ref-stan_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220208110548/https://web.stanford.edu/group/texttechnologies/cgi-bin/stanfordnottingham/places/?suttonhoo">"Lost Myths of Time: Sutton Hoo"</a>. Stanford.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.stanford.edu/group/texttechnologies/cgi-bin/stanfordnottingham/places/?suttonhoo">the original</a> on 8 February 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lost+Myths+of+Time%3A+Sutton+Hoo&rft.pub=Stanford.edu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.stanford.edu%2Fgroup%2Ftexttechnologies%2Fcgi-bin%2Fstanfordnottingham%2Fplaces%2F%3Fsuttonhoo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.domesdaybook.co.uk/suffolk3.html#hoosutton">"Suffolk F–H"</a>. The Domesday Book Online. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170806221326/http://www.domesdaybook.co.uk/suffolk3.html#hoosutton">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Suffolk+F%E2%80%93H&rft.pub=The+Domesday+Book+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.domesdaybook.co.uk%2Fsuffolk3.html%23hoosutton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford19751–98-4"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford19751–98_4-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1975">Bruce-Mitford 1975</a>, pp. 1–98. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest1998261–275-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWest1998261–275_6-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWest1998">West 1998</a>, pp. 261–275. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest19989–10,_92–93,_99-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWest19989–10,_92–93,_99_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWest1998">West 1998</a>, pp. 9–10, 92–93, 99. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest199812–13-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWest199812–13_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWest1998">West 1998</a>, pp. 12–13. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest199891,_100–101-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWest199891,_100–101_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWest1998">West 1998</a>, pp. 91, 100–101. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1974114–140-10"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1974114–140_10-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1974">Bruce-Mitford 1974</a>, pp. 114–140. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWade2001-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWade2001_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWade2001">Wade 2001</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWestScarfeCramp1984-13"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWestScarfeCramp1984_13-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWestScarfeCramp1984">West, Scarfe & Cramp 1984</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Bruce-Mitford 1974, 73–113; however Kingston near Woodbridge (nearly opposite Sutton Hoo) is "another possibility". </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver199894–96-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarver199894–96_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarver1998">Carver 1998</a>, pp. 94–96. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver199897–99-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarver199897–99_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarver199897–99_16-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarver1998">Carver 1998</a>, pp. 97–99. </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> Carver, Sutton Hoo, p. 99. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver1998100-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarver1998100_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarver1998100_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarver1998100_18-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarver1998">Carver 1998</a>, p. 100. </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> Toby F. Martin, The Cruciform Brooch and Anglo-Saxon England (2015: Boydell and Brewer), pp. 174–175 </li> <li id="cite_note-Hills2015-20"><a href="#cite_ref-Hills2015_20-0">^</a> Catherine Hills, "The Anglo-Saxon Migration: An Archaeological Case Study of Disruption", in Migration and Disruptions: Toward a Unifying Theory of Ancient and Contemporary Migrations, ed. Brenda J. Baker and Takeyuki Tsuda (2015: University Press of Florida), pp. 47–48 </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Ken R. Dark, "Large-scale population movements into and from Britain south of Hadrian's Wall in the fourth to sixth centuries AD" (2003) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver1998103–104-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarver1998103–104_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarver1998">Carver 1998</a>, pp. 103–104. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver1998107-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarver1998107_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarver1998107_23-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarver1998">Carver 1998</a>, p. 107. </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artsandculture.google.com/story/-wXhwCPNMxMA8A">"Sutton Hoo: Anglo-Saxon ship burial – Google Arts & Culture"</a>. Google Cultural Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220818100339/https://artsandculture.google.com/story/-wXhwCPNMxMA8A">Archived</a> from the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 12 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Google+Cultural+Institute&rft.atitle=Sutton+Hoo%3A+Anglo-Saxon+ship+burial+%E2%80%93+Google+Arts+%26+Culture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fartsandculture.google.com%2Fstory%2F-wXhwCPNMxMA8A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975108–110,_112–115,_125–126-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975108–110,_112–115,_125–126_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1975">Bruce-Mitford 1975</a>, pp. 108–110, 112–115, 125–126. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975124–125,_131-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975124–125,_131_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1975">Bruce-Mitford 1975</a>, pp. 124–125, 131. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver1998107–110-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarver1998107–110_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarver1998">Carver 1998</a>, pp. 107–110. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975230–344Evans200154-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975230–344Evans200154_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1975">Bruce-Mitford 1975</a>, pp. 230–344; <a href="#CITEREFEvans2001">Evans 2001</a>, p. 54. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver1998113–116-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarver1998113–116_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarver1998">Carver 1998</a>, pp. 113–116. </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> Carver, Sutton Hoo, pp. 92, 133, 167. </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> Carver, Sutton Hoo, 81–90, 110–116, plates III–V. </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_32-1">b</a> The analysis of the bridle and mounts is presented by Angela Evans in Carver 2005, 201–281. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlunkett200551–53-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlunkett200551–53_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPlunkett2005">Plunkett 2005</a>, pp. 51–53. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECaruthAnderson1999-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECaruthAnderson1999_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCaruthAnderson1999">Caruth & Anderson 1999</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWest199831–32,_83–86-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWest199831–32,_83–86_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWest1998">West 1998</a>, pp. 31–32, 83–86. </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> Carver, Sutton Hoo, pp. 81–82, 116. </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> For the original discovery and finds, and their analysis, see Bruce-Mitford 1975, 104–117, 110–111. </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> Carver, Sutton Hoo, pp. 75–81, 116–121. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975115–121-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975115–121_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1975">Bruce-Mitford 1975</a>, pp. 115–121. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> Carver, Sutton Hoo, 79–81 </li> <li id="cite_note-sand_bodies-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sand_bodies_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sand_bodies_42-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/visit/suffolk/sutton-hoo/history-of-archaeology-at-sutton-hoo">"History of archaeology at Sutton Hoo"</a>. 1983–93: Widening the search, Ghosts in the sand: <a href="/wiki/National_Trust" title="National Trust">National Trust</a>. Retrieved 23 October 2024. <q>the resting place of a warrior and the gruesome 'sand bodies'. ... when the soil was scraped back, the outlines of more graves appeared. With careful excavation, human forms could be detected as areas of harder, darker sand. These 'sand bodies' lay in a variety of distorted positions, indicating that, unlike previous finds, these individuals had not been ceremoniously buried.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+archaeology+at+Sutton+Hoo&rft.place=1983%E2%80%9393%3A+Widening+the+search%2C+Ghosts+in+the+sand&rft.pub=National+Trust&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationaltrust.org.uk%2Fvisit%2Fsuffolk%2Fsutton-hoo%2Fhistory-of-archaeology-at-sutton-hoo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> Carver, Sutton Hoo, pp. 72–75, 137–147. </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> Described by Jon Newman in Carver 2005, 483–487. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMangoMangoEvansHughes1989297-45"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMangoMangoEvansHughes1989297_45-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMangoMangoEvansHughes1989">Mango et al. 1989</a>, p. 297. </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> See the legend of <a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelred_of_Kent" class="mw-redirect" title="Æthelred of Kent">Saint Æthelred</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> See Plunkett 2002, 22. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkbar2009" class="citation news cs1">Akbar, Arifa (25 September 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/golden-hoard-sheds-light-on-dark-ages-1792915.html">"Golden hoard sheds light on Dark Ages"</a>. www.independent.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/golden-hoard-sheds-light-on-dark-ages-1792915.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.independent.co.uk&rft.atitle=Golden+hoard+sheds+light+on+Dark+Ages&rft.date=2009-09-25&rft.aulast=Akbar&rft.aufirst=Arifa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fhome-news%2Fgolden-hoard-sheds-light-on-dark-ages-1792915.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archaeology.co.uk/the-timeline-of-britain/sutton-hoo.htm">"AD 700 – Sutton Hoo: Current Archaeology"</a>. www.archaeology.co.uk. 24 May 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100924021621/http://www.archaeology.co.uk/the-timeline-of-britain/sutton-hoo.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2010. Retrieved 3 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AD+700+%E2%80%93+Sutton+Hoo%3A+Current+Archaeology&rft.pub=www.archaeology.co.uk&rft.date=2007-05-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archaeology.co.uk%2Fthe-timeline-of-britain%2Fsutton-hoo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> A.C. Evans and R. Bruce-Mitford in Bruce-Mitford 1975, 345–435; Evans 1986, 23–29. For its context in symbolism, see Crumlin-Pederson 1995. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975176–180Evans198632–40-51"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975176–180Evans198632–40_51-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1975">Bruce-Mitford 1975</a>, pp. 176–180; <a href="#CITEREFEvans1986">Evans 1986</a>, pp. 32–40. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975144–156-52"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975144–156_52-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1975">Bruce-Mitford 1975</a>, pp. 144–156. </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> Carver, Sutton Hoo, pp. 132–135. Several mounds remain unexcavated, see p. 179. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975488–577-54"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975488–577_54-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1975">Bruce-Mitford 1975</a>, pp. 488–577. </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itv.com/news/anglia/2021-11-10/first-finished-pieces-of-replica-ship-pieced-together-at-sutton-hoo">"Piecing a piece of history together: replica of Sutton Hoo ship takes shape"</a>. ITV plc. 10 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230302143101/https://www.itv.com/news/anglia/2021-11-10/first-finished-pieces-of-replica-ship-pieced-together-at-sutton-hoo">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2023. Retrieved 2 March 2023. <q>We can do computer simulations of this, but to actually find out there's only one way to do it and that's to build it and put it in the water and row it and then perhaps sail it.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ITV+plc&rft.atitle=Piecing+a+piece+of+history+together%3A+replica+of+Sutton+Hoo+ship+takes+shape&rft.date=2021-11-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itv.com%2Fnews%2Fanglia%2F2021-11-10%2Ffirst-finished-pieces-of-replica-ship-pieced-together-at-sutton-hoo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BM-56">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BM_56-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BM_56-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101216030235/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/article_index/w/who_was_buried_at_sutton_hoo.aspx">"British Museum – Who was buried at Sutton Hoo?"</a>. www.britishmuseum.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/article_index/w/who_was_buried_at_sutton_hoo.aspx">the original</a> on 16 December 2010. Retrieved 19 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=British+Museum+%E2%80%93+Who+was+buried+at+Sutton+Hoo%3F&rft.pub=www.britishmuseum.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fexplore%2Fhighlights%2Farticle_index%2Fw%2Fwho_was_buried_at_sutton_hoo.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> Carver 1998, 188, Ch. 3 n.13. </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChadwick1940" class="citation journal cs1">Chadwick, H. Munro (1940). "The Sutton Hoo Ship-Burial. VIII. Who Was He?". Antiquity. 14 (53): 76–87. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003598X00014812">10.1017/S0003598X00014812</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163574359">163574359</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiquity&rft.atitle=The+Sutton+Hoo+Ship-Burial.+VIII.+Who+Was+He%3F&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=53&rft.pages=76-87&rft.date=1940&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0003598X00014812&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163574359%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Chadwick&rft.aufirst=H.+Munro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975683–717-59"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975683–717_59-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1975">Bruce-Mitford 1975</a>, pp. 683–717. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHilts201948-61"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHilts201948_61-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHilts2019">Hilts 2019</a>, p. 48. </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nb9vTu73xmE">"Hands on with the Sutton Hoo sword I Curator's Corner Season 5 Episode 1"</a>. www.youtube.com. 5 August 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211107/nb9vTu73xmE">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.youtube.com&rft.atitle=Hands+on+with+the+Sutton+Hoo+sword+I+Curator%27s+Corner+Season+5+Episode+1&rft.date=2019-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dnb9vTu73xmE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHärke1990" class="citation journal cs1">Härke, Heinrich (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/650808">""Warrior Graves"? The Background of the Anglo-Saxon Weapon Burial Rite"</a>. Past & Present (126): 22–43. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fpast%2F126.1.22">10.1093/past/126.1.22</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-2746">0031-2746</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/650808">650808</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210124154510/https://www.jstor.org/stable/650808">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Past+%26+Present&rft.atitle=%22Warrior+Graves%22%3F+The+Background+of+the+Anglo-Saxon+Weapon+Burial+Rite&rft.issue=126&rft.pages=22-43&rft.date=1990&rft.issn=0031-2746&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F650808%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fpast%2F126.1.22&rft.aulast=H%C3%A4rke&rft.aufirst=Heinrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F650808&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson198425-64"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson198425_64-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWilson1984">Wilson 1984</a>, p. 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHendersonHenderson200416-65"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHendersonHenderson200416_65-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHendersonHenderson2004">Henderson & Henderson 2004</a>, p. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1978138–231Evans198646–49-67"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1978138–231Evans198646–49_67-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1978">Bruce-Mitford 1978</a>, pp. 138–231; <a href="#CITEREFEvans1986">Evans 1986</a>, pp. 46–49. </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> Bruce-Mitford 1974, 210–222; Bruce-Mitford 1986; Evans 1986, 111–117; Evans 2001. cf Arwidsson 1934. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans198649-69"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans198649_69-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1986">Evans 1986</a>, p. 49. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1978206,_Fig._153-70"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1978206,_Fig._153_70-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1978">Bruce-Mitford 1978</a>, p. 206, Fig. 153. </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> See, e.g. Leahy and Bland 2009, p. 25. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford19462–4-72"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford19462–4_72-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1946">Bruce-Mitford 1946</a>, pp. 2–4. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMartin-Clarke194763_n.19-73"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMartin-Clarke194763_n.19_73-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMartin-Clarke1947">Martin-Clarke 1947</a>, p. 63 n.19. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1972123-74"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1972123_74-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1972">Bruce-Mitford 1972</a>, p. 123. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilliams199288-75"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilliams199288_75-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFWilliams1992">Williams 1992</a>, p. 88. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1974198–209-76"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1974198–209_76-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1974">Bruce-Mitford 1974</a>, pp. 198–209. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1983a69–146-78"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1983a69–146_78-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1983a">Bruce-Mitford 1983a</a>, pp. 69–146. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans198659–63Plunkett200166–71-79"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans198659–63Plunkett200166–71_79-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1986">Evans 1986</a>, pp. 59–63; <a href="#CITEREFPlunkett2001">Plunkett 2001</a>, pp. 66–71. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1978241–272-80"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1978241–272_80-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1978">Bruce-Mitford 1978</a>, pp. 241–272. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1978394–402Evans198692–93-81"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1978394–402Evans198692–93_81-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1978">Bruce-Mitford 1978</a>, pp. 394–402; <a href="#CITEREFEvans1986">Evans 1986</a>, pp. 92–93. </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_mla/s/sword_from_the_ship-burial_at.aspx">British Museum Highlights</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121021122213/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_mla/s/sword_from_the_ship-burial_at.aspx">Archived</a> 21 October 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Sword from the ship-burial at Sutton Hoo; Bruce-Mitford 1978, 273–310; Evans 1986, 42–44. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans198644–46-83"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans198644–46_83-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1986">Evans 1986</a>, pp. 44–46. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1978432–625Evans1986109-84"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1978432–625Evans1986109_84-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1978">Bruce-Mitford 1978</a>, pp. 432–625; <a href="#CITEREFEvans1986">Evans 1986</a>, p. 109. </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> Bruce-Mitford 1978, 536–563; Evans 1986, 8991; Plunkett 2001, 73–75. It is 13.2 centimetres (5.2 in) long, weighing 414 grams (14.6 oz). </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1978523–535,_584–589-86"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1978523–535,_584–589_86-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1978">Bruce-Mitford 1978</a>, pp. 523–535, 584–589. </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> Evans 1986, 85–88. Compare, for instance, the <a href="/wiki/Prima_Porta" title="Prima Porta">Prima Porta</a> statue of <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1978487–522Evans198687–88-88"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1978487–522Evans198687–88_88-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1978">Bruce-Mitford 1978</a>, pp. 487–522; <a href="#CITEREFEvans1986">Evans 1986</a>, pp. 87–88. </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKendrick1940" class="citation journal cs1">Kendrick, T.D. (1940). "The Sutton Hoo Ship-Burial. II. The Gold Ornaments". Antiquity. 14 (53): 28–30. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003598X00014757">10.1017/S0003598X00014757</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:164196111">164196111</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiquity&rft.atitle=The+Sutton+Hoo+Ship-Burial.+II.+The+Gold+Ornaments&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=53&rft.pages=28-30&rft.date=1940&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0003598X00014757&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A164196111%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kendrick&rft.aufirst=T.D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> Bruce-Mitford 1975, 685–690; Evans 1986, 83–93; Plunkett 2005, 89–96. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975578–677-92"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975578–677_92-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1975">Bruce-Mitford 1975</a>, pp. 578–677. </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> See Scarfe 1982, 30–37 for an attempt to link them to the story of Rædwald. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans198688–89-94"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans198688–89_94-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1986">Evans 1986</a>, pp. 88–89. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1983a316–346Evans198664–68-95"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1983a316–346Evans198664–68_95-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1983a">Bruce-Mitford 1983a</a>, pp. 316–346; <a href="#CITEREFEvans1986">Evans 1986</a>, pp. 64–68. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975117–118-96"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975117–118_96-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1975">Bruce-Mitford 1975</a>, pp. 117–118. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1983a347–360Evans198664–68-97"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1983a347–360Evans198664–68_97-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1983a">Bruce-Mitford 1983a</a>, pp. 347–360; <a href="#CITEREFEvans1986">Evans 1986</a>, pp. 64–68. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1978232–240Evans198641-98"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1978232–240Evans198641_98-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1978">Bruce-Mitford 1978</a>, pp. 232–240; <a href="#CITEREFEvans1986">Evans 1986</a>, p. 41. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1983a244–262,_282–295-99"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1983a244–262,_282–295_99-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1983a">Bruce-Mitford 1983a</a>, pp. 244–262, 282–295. </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> See K. East in Bruce-Mitford 1983 (II), 788–812. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1983b833–843-101"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1983b833–843_101-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1983b">Bruce-Mitford 1983b</a>, pp. 833–843. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1983a45–61-102"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1983a45–61_102-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1983a">Bruce-Mitford 1983a</a>, pp. 45–61. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1983a151–153Bruce-Mitford1983b813–832,_853–874Evans198657–59,_68–70-103"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1983a151–153Bruce-Mitford1983b813–832,_853–874Evans198657–59,_68–70_103-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1983a">Bruce-Mitford 1983a</a>, pp. 151–153; <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1983b">Bruce-Mitford 1983b</a>, pp. 813–832, 853–874; <a href="#CITEREFEvans1986">Evans 1986</a>, pp. 57–59, 68–70. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1983a146–151-104"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1983a146–151_104-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1983a">Bruce-Mitford 1983a</a>, pp. 146–151. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1983a4–44Evans198657–58-105"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1983a4–44Evans198657–58_105-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1983a">Bruce-Mitford 1983a</a>, pp. 4–44; <a href="#CITEREFEvans1986">Evans 1986</a>, pp. 57–58. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhillips1940175Bruce-Mitford1975547-106"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhillips1940175Bruce-Mitford1975547_106-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPhillips1940">Phillips 1940</a>, p. 175; <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1975">Bruce-Mitford 1975</a>, p. 547. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford19743–4Evans198657-107"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford19743–4Evans198657_107-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1974">Bruce-Mitford 1974</a>, pp. 3–4; <a href="#CITEREFEvans1986">Evans 1986</a>, p. 57. </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> Bruce-Mitford 1978, 403–431. This has been interpreted as a flambeau or a standard. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford19781–129-109"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford19781–129_109-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1978">Bruce-Mitford 1978</a>, pp. 1–129. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECoatsworthPinder2002109–114-110"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoatsworthPinder2002109–114_110-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCoatsworthPinder2002">Coatsworth & Pinder 2002</a>, pp. 109–114. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStolpeArne1927-112"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStolpeArne1927_112-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFStolpeArne1927">Stolpe & Arne 1927</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1986Evans198649–55,_111–119-113"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1986Evans198649–55,_111–119_113-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1986">Bruce-Mitford 1986</a>; <a href="#CITEREFEvans1986">Evans 1986</a>, pp. 49–55, 111–119. </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_mla/s/sceptre_from_sutton_hoo.aspx">British Museum Highlights</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151018180142/http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/pe_mla/s/sceptre_from_sutton_hoo.aspx">Archived</a> 18 October 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Sceptre from the ship-burial at Sutton Hoo; Bruce-Mitford 1978, 311–393; Bruce-Mitford 1986; Evans 1986, 83–5; Plunkett 2001, 71–73. </li> <li id="cite_note-ANGSAXCAM-115"><a href="#cite_ref-ANGSAXCAM_115-0">^</a> Campbell, James. The Anglo-Saxons (1991) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0140143955" title="Special:BookSources/0140143955">0140143955</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> The Sutton Hoo tubs and buckets are described by K. East in Bruce-Mitford 1983 (II), 554–596. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1983b732–757Evans198663-117"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1983b732–757Evans198663_117-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1983b">Bruce-Mitford 1983b</a>, pp. 732–757; <a href="#CITEREFEvans1986">Evans 1986</a>, p. 63. </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> Bruce-Mitford 1974, 188–197; Bruce-Mitford 1983 (II), 611–731; Evans 1986, 69–72. The lyre was at first reconstructed as a single-armed <a href="/wiki/Harp" title="Harp">harp</a> with horizontal <a href="/wiki/Resonator" title="Resonator">soundbox</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKendrick1940" class="citation journal cs1">Kendrick, T.D. (1940). "The Sutton Hoo Ship-Burial. II. The Gold Ornaments". Antiquity. 14 (53): 28–30. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003598X00014757">10.1017/S0003598X00014757</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:164196111">164196111</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiquity&rft.atitle=The+Sutton+Hoo+Ship-Burial.+II.+The+Gold+Ornaments&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=53&rft.pages=28-30&rft.date=1940&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0003598X00014757&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A164196111%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kendrick&rft.aufirst=T.D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988">; Bruce-Mitford 1983 (I), 206–243, 264–281, 300–306; Evans 1986, 72–75. </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> See A.C. Evans in Bruce-Mitford 1983 (II), 480–510. </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> See V.H. Fenwick in Bruce-Mitford 1983 (II), 511–553. </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> See E. Crowfoot in Bruce-Mitford 1983 (II), 409–479. </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_National_Museum1892" class="citation book cs1">United States National Museum (1892). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NbfRAAAAMAAJ&q=Hjalmar+Stolpe+vendel+1882">Report upon the condition and progress of the U.S. National Museum</a>. G.P.O. p. 606. Retrieved 8 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Report+upon+the+condition+and+progress+of+the+U.S.+National+Museum&rft.pages=606&rft.pub=G.P.O.&rft.date=1892&rft.au=United+States+National+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNbfRAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DHjalmar%2BStolpe%2Bvendel%2B1882&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudith_Jesch2002" class="citation book cs1">Judith Jesch (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gWYhnTuI2NoC&q=vendel+burial+items&pg=PA47">The Scandinavians from the Vendel period to the tenth century</a>. Boydell Press. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0851158676" title="Special:BookSources/0851158676"><bdi>0851158676</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240728070220/https://books.google.com/books?id=gWYhnTuI2NoC&q=vendel+burial+items&pg=PA47#v=snippet&q=vendel%20burial%20items&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2024. Retrieved 8 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Scandinavians+from+the+Vendel+period+to+the+tenth+century&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Boydell+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0851158676&rft.au=Judith+Jesch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgWYhnTuI2NoC%26q%3Dvendel%2Bburial%2Bitems%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_E._Bjork,_John_D._Niles1998" class="citation book cs1">Robert E. Bjork, John D. Niles (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SaFdpGdjvtoC&q=Valsg%C3%A4rde+discovery&pg=PA291">A Beowulf Handbook</a>. U of Nebraska Press. p. 291. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0803261500" title="Special:BookSources/0803261500"><bdi>0803261500</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240728070220/https://books.google.com/books?id=SaFdpGdjvtoC&q=Valsg%C3%A4rde+discovery&pg=PA291#v=snippet&q=Valsg%C3%A4rde%20discovery&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2024. Retrieved 8 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Beowulf+Handbook&rft.pages=291&rft.pub=U+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0803261500&rft.au=Robert+E.+Bjork%2C+John+D.+Niles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSaFdpGdjvtoC%26q%3DValsg%25C3%25A4rde%2Bdiscovery%26pg%3DPA291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford197417–35-126"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford197417–35_126-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1974">Bruce-Mitford 1974</a>, pp. 17–35. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArrhenius1983-127"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArrhenius1983_127-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFArrhenius1983">Arrhenius 1983</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> E.g. Taplow, Broomfield or Prittlewell </li> <li id="cite_note-du_Chaillu_1889,_II,_42–46-129">^ <a href="#cite_ref-du_Chaillu_1889,_II,_42–46_129-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-du_Chaillu_1889,_II,_42–46_129-1">b</a> du Chaillu 1889, II, 42–46. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver1998137–143-130"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarver1998137–143_130-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarver1998">Carver 1998</a>, pp. 137–143. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlunkett2005173-131"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPlunkett2005173_131-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPlunkett2005">Plunkett 2005</a>, p. 173. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford197435–55-132"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford197435–55_132-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1974">Bruce-Mitford 1974</a>, pp. 35–55. </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavidson1968" class="citation book cs1">Davidson, Hilda Ellis (1968). "Archaeology and Beowulf". Beowulf and its analogues. Dent.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Archaeology+and+Beowulf&rft.btitle=Beowulf+and+its+analogues&rft.pub=Dent&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Davidson&rft.aufirst=Hilda+Ellis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-134">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_134-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_134-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank1992" class="citation book cs1">Frank, Roberta (1992). "Beowulf and Sutton Hoo: The Odd Couple". Voyage to the Other World: The Legacy of Sutton Hoo. University of Minnesota Press. p. 47.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Beowulf+and+Sutton+Hoo%3A+The+Odd+Couple&rft.btitle=Voyage+to+the+Other+World%3A+The+Legacy+of+Sutton+Hoo&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=Roberta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENewton1993-135"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENewton1993_135-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNewton1993">Newton 1993</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristopher_Brooke1963" class="citation book cs1">Christopher Brooke (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v78fAAAAMAAJ">The Saxon & Norman Kings</a>. B.T. Batsford. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-7270010151" title="Special:BookSources/978-7270010151"><bdi>978-7270010151</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230620192930/https://books.google.com/books?id=v78fAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 20 June 2023. Retrieved 4 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Saxon+%26+Norman+Kings&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=B.T.+Batsford&rft.date=1963&rft.isbn=978-7270010151&rft.au=Christopher+Brooke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv78fAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver1998147-137">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarver1998147_137-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarver1998147_137-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarver1998">Carver 1998</a>, p. 147. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver1998148–153-138"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarver1998148–153_138-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarver1998">Carver 1998</a>, pp. 148–153. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThe_Ipswich_Journal1860-139"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThe_Ipswich_Journal1860_139-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFThe_Ipswich_Journal1860">The Ipswich Journal 1860</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoppitt1985-140"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoppitt1985_140-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHoppitt1985">Hoppitt 1985</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> Carver, Sutton Hoo, pp. 3–4, 153. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver19984-142"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarver19984_142-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarver1998">Carver 1998</a>, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> ODNB, Basil John Wait Brown. Brown's diaries of the 1938 and 1939 excavations are published in Bruce-Mitford 1974, 141–169. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver19984–5-144"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarver19984–5_144-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarver1998">Carver 1998</a>, pp. 4–5. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975100–131Markham200212–14-145"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975100–131Markham200212–14_145-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1975">Bruce-Mitford 1975</a>, pp. 100–131; <a href="#CITEREFMarkham2002">Markham 2002</a>, pp. 12–14. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975100–136-146"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975100–136_146-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1975">Bruce-Mitford 1975</a>, pp. 100–136. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver19987-147"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarver19987_147-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarver1998">Carver 1998</a>, p. 7. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEvans1986-148"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEvans1986_148-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEvans1986">Evans 1986</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> Descriptions of the excavation are given as follows: Bruce-Mitford 1975, 156–222; Carver Sutton Hoo, pp. 9–11; Markham 2002. (Markham's published narrative is based on unpublished correspondence of Basil Brown and others held by the British Museum, the Ipswich Museum, and the Suffolk County Council Archaeological Service.) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver199812-151">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarver199812_151-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarver199812_151-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarver1998">Carver 1998</a>, p. 12. </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> See Charles Phillips's diary of the excavation (Carver Sutton Hoo, pp. 11–20) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClark1985Phillips198770–80Plunkett1998182,_189Markham20028–9,_31–35-153"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClark1985Phillips198770–80Plunkett1998182,_189Markham20028–9,_31–35_153-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFClark1985">Clark 1985</a>; <a href="#CITEREFPhillips1987">Phillips 1987</a>, pp. 70–80; <a href="#CITEREFPlunkett1998">Plunkett 1998</a>, pp. 182, 189; <a href="#CITEREFMarkham2002">Markham 2002</a>, pp. 8–9, 31–35. </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> Carver, Sutton Hoo, p. 18. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975718–731-155"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975718–731_155-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1975">Bruce-Mitford 1975</a>, pp. 718–731. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarkham200250–54-156"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarkham200250–54_156-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMarkham2002">Markham 2002</a>, pp. 50–54. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver199825–26-157"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarver199825–26_157-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarver1998">Carver 1998</a>, pp. 25–26. </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> Phillips 1940;<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrawford1940" class="citation journal cs1">Crawford, O.G.S. (1940). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003598X00014733">"Editorial Notes"</a>. Antiquity. 14 (53): 1–5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003598X00014733">10.1017/S0003598X00014733</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Antiquity&rft.atitle=Editorial+Notes&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=53&rft.pages=1-5&rft.date=1940&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0003598X00014733&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=O.G.S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FS0003598X00014733&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver199826–31-159"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarver199826–31_159-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarver1998">Carver 1998</a>, pp. 26–31. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver199832-160"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarver199832_160-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarver1998">Carver 1998</a>, p. 32. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975230–344-161">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975230–344_161-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBruce-Mitford1975230–344_161-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFBruce-Mitford1975">Bruce-Mitford 1975</a>, pp. 230–344. </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> Four physical volumes; Carver Sutton Hoo, pp. 41, 185 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver199843-163"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarver199843_163-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarver1998">Carver 1998</a>, p. 43. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver199845–47-164">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarver199845–47_164-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarver199845–47_164-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarver1998">Carver 1998</a>, pp. 45–47. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver199848–49-165"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarver199848–49_165-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarver1998">Carver 1998</a>, pp. 48–49. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver2005-166"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarver2005_166-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarver2005">Carver 2005</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2024/08/10/science/sutton-hoo-byzantine-bucket-anglo-saxons/index.html">CNN report</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-smarth-168"><a href="#cite_ref-smarth_168-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141008034154/http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/sutton-hoo-ship-burial.html">"Sutton Hoo Ship Burial"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Smarthistory" title="Smarthistory">Smarthistory</a> at <a href="/wiki/Khan_Academy" title="Khan Academy">Khan Academy</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/sutton-hoo-ship-burial.html">the original</a> on 8 October 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sutton+Hoo+Ship+Burial&rft.pub=Smarthistory+at+Khan+Academy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsmarthistory.khanacademy.org%2Fsutton-hoo-ship-burial.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarver199822-169"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarver199822_169-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFCarver1998">Carver 1998</a>, p. 22. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDawson2002-170"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDawson2002_170-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDawson2002">Dawson 2002</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2002" class="citation news cs1">Kennedy, Maev (14 March 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/14/education.museums">"Sutton Hoo lays out its treasures"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180202190639/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2002/mar/14/education.museums">Archived</a> from the original on 2 February 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Sutton+Hoo+lays+out+its+treasures&rft.date=2002-03-14&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Maev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk%2F2002%2Fmar%2F14%2Feducation.museums&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/anglo-saxon-platitudes-1250173.html">"Anglo-Saxon platitudes"</a>. The Independent. 12 July 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220525/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/anglo-saxon-platitudes-1250173.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 12 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Anglo-Saxon+platitudes&rft.date=1997-07-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Fbooks%2Fanglo-saxon-platitudes-1250173.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarke2012" class="citation web cs1">Clarke, Andrew (3 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eadt.co.uk/ea-life/eastern-angles-to-mark-30-years-on-the-road-1-1167408">"Eastern Angles to mark 30 years on the road"</a>. East Anglian Daily Times. Retrieved 12 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=East+Anglian+Daily+Times&rft.atitle=Eastern+Angles+to+mark+30+years+on+the+road&rft.date=2012-01-03&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eadt.co.uk%2Fea-life%2Feastern-angles-to-mark-30-years-on-the-road-1-1167408&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManthorpe2007" class="citation web cs1">Manthorpe, Rowland (12 May 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2007/may/13/fiction.features2">"Review: The Dig by John Preston"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 31 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Review%3A+The+Dig+by+John+Preston&rft.date=2007-05-12&rft.aulast=Manthorpe&rft.aufirst=Rowland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2007%2Fmay%2F13%2Ffiction.features2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3664803/My-buried-history.html">"My buried history"</a>. The Telegraph. 29 April 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/3664803/My-buried-history.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 12 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=My+buried+history&rft.date=2007-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fculture%2F3664803%2FMy-buried-history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.empireonline.com/movies/news/the-dig-ralph-fiennes-discovery-netflix-adaptation-exclusive/">"The Dig: Ralph Fiennes Makes A Historic Discovery In Netflix Adaptation"</a>. Empire. 28 October 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201101050111/https://www.empireonline.com/movies/news/the-dig-ralph-fiennes-discovery-netflix-adaptation-exclusive/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 31 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Empire&rft.atitle=The+Dig%3A+Ralph+Fiennes+Makes+A+Historic+Discovery+In+Netflix+Adaptation&rft.date=2020-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.empireonline.com%2Fmovies%2Fnews%2Fthe-dig-ralph-fiennes-discovery-netflix-adaptation-exclusive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gamerant.com/assassins-creed-valhalla-sutton-hoo-armor-guide/">"Assassin's Creed Valhalla: How to Get Sutton Hoo Armor Wealth"</a>. Game Rant. 28 November 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210073036/https://gamerant.com/assassins-creed-valhalla-sutton-hoo-armor-guide/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 February 2021. Retrieved 7 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Game+Rant&rft.atitle=Assassin%27s+Creed+Valhalla%3A+How+to+Get+Sutton+Hoo+Armor+Wealth&rft.date=2020-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgamerant.com%2Fassassins-creed-valhalla-sutton-hoo-armor-guide%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArrhenius1983" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Birgit_Arrhenius" title="Birgit Arrhenius">Arrhenius, Birgit</a> (1983). "The chronology of the Vendel graves". In <a href="/wiki/Jan_Peder_Lamm" title="Jan Peder Lamm">Lamm, Jan Peder</a> & <a href="/wiki/Hans-%C3%85ke_Nordstrom" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans-Åke Nordstrom">Nordstrom, Hans-Åke</a> (eds.). Vendel Period Studies: transactions of the Boat-Grave Symposium in Stockholm, February 2–3, 1981. Studies – The Museum of National Antiquities, Stockholm. Vol. 2. Stockholm: Statens Historiska Museum. pp. 39–70. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9171925473" title="Special:BookSources/978-9171925473"><bdi>978-9171925473</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+chronology+of+the+Vendel+graves&rft.btitle=Vendel+Period+Studies%3A+transactions+of+the+Boat-Grave+Symposium+in+Stockholm%2C+February+2%E2%80%933%2C+1981&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.series=Studies+%E2%80%93+The+Museum+of+National+Antiquities%2C+Stockholm&rft.pages=39-70&rft.pub=Statens+Historiska+Museum&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-9171925473&rft.aulast=Arrhenius&rft.aufirst=Birgit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruce-Mitford1946" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Bruce-Mitford" title="Rupert Bruce-Mitford">Bruce-Mitford, Rupert</a> (September 1946). "Sutton Hoo Ship-Burial". East Anglian Magazine. 6 (1): 2–9, 43.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=East+Anglian+Magazine&rft.atitle=Sutton+Hoo+Ship-Burial&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=2-9%2C+43&rft.date=1946-09&rft.aulast=Bruce-Mitford&rft.aufirst=Rupert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruce-Mitford1972" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Bruce-Mitford" title="Rupert Bruce-Mitford">Bruce-Mitford, Rupert</a> (Autumn 1972). "The Sutton Hoo Helmet: A New Reconstruction". <a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Quarterly" title="British Museum Quarterly">The British Museum Quarterly</a>. XXXVI (3–4). British Museum: 120–130. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F4423116">10.2307/4423116</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4423116">4423116</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+British+Museum+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Sutton+Hoo+Helmet%3A+A+New+Reconstruction&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=XXXVI&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=120-130&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F4423116&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4423116%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Bruce-Mitford&rft.aufirst=Rupert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruce-Mitford1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Bruce-Mitford" title="Rupert Bruce-Mitford">Bruce-Mitford, Rupert</a> (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/aspectsofanglosa0000bruc">Aspects of Anglo-Saxon Archaeology: Sutton Hoo and Other Discoveries</a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Gollancz_Ltd" title="Victor Gollancz Ltd">Victor Gollancz Limited</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/057501704X" title="Special:BookSources/057501704X"><bdi>057501704X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aspects+of+Anglo-Saxon+Archaeology%3A+Sutton+Hoo+and+Other+Discoveries&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Victor+Gollancz+Limited&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=057501704X&rft.aulast=Bruce-Mitford&rft.aufirst=Rupert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Faspectsofanglosa0000bruc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruce-Mitford1975" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Bruce-Mitford" title="Rupert Bruce-Mitford">Bruce-Mitford, Rupert</a> (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/suttonhooshipbur0000bruc">The Sutton Hoo Ship-Burial, Volume 1: Excavations, Background, the Ship, Dating and Inventory</a>. London: British Museum Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0714113344" title="Special:BookSources/0714113344"><bdi>0714113344</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sutton+Hoo+Ship-Burial%2C+Volume+1%3A+Excavations%2C+Background%2C+the+Ship%2C+Dating+and+Inventory&rft.place=London&rft.pub=British+Museum+Publications&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0714113344&rft.aulast=Bruce-Mitford&rft.aufirst=Rupert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsuttonhooshipbur0000bruc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruce-Mitford1978" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Bruce-Mitford" title="Rupert Bruce-Mitford">Bruce-Mitford, Rupert</a> (1978). The Sutton Hoo Ship-Burial, Volume 2: Arms, Armour and Regalia. London: British Museum Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0714113319" title="Special:BookSources/978-0714113319"><bdi>978-0714113319</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sutton+Hoo+Ship-Burial%2C+Volume+2%3A+Arms%2C+Armour+and+Regalia&rft.place=London&rft.pub=British+Museum+Publications&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0714113319&rft.aulast=Bruce-Mitford&rft.aufirst=Rupert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruce-Mitford1983a" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Bruce-Mitford" title="Rupert Bruce-Mitford">Bruce-Mitford, Rupert</a> (1983a). The Sutton Hoo Ship-Burial, Volume 3: Late Roman and Byzantine silver, hanging-bowls, drinking vessels, cauldrons and other containers, textiles, the lyre, pottery bottle and other items. Vol. I. London: British Museum Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0714105295" title="Special:BookSources/0714105295"><bdi>0714105295</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sutton+Hoo+Ship-Burial%2C+Volume+3%3A+Late+Roman+and+Byzantine+silver%2C+hanging-bowls%2C+drinking+vessels%2C+cauldrons+and+other+containers%2C+textiles%2C+the+lyre%2C+pottery+bottle+and+other+items&rft.place=London&rft.pub=British+Museum+Publications&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0714105295&rft.aulast=Bruce-Mitford&rft.aufirst=Rupert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruce-Mitford1983b" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Bruce-Mitford" title="Rupert Bruce-Mitford">Bruce-Mitford, Rupert</a> (1983b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/suttonhooshipbur0003bruc">The Sutton Hoo Ship-Burial, Volume 3: Late Roman and Byzantine silver, hanging-bowls, drinking vessels, cauldrons and other containers, textiles, the lyre, pottery bottle and other items</a>. Vol. II. London: British Museum Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0714105309" title="Special:BookSources/0714105309"><bdi>0714105309</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sutton+Hoo+Ship-Burial%2C+Volume+3%3A+Late+Roman+and+Byzantine+silver%2C+hanging-bowls%2C+drinking+vessels%2C+cauldrons+and+other+containers%2C+textiles%2C+the+lyre%2C+pottery+bottle+and+other+items&rft.place=London&rft.pub=British+Museum+Publications&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=0714105309&rft.aulast=Bruce-Mitford&rft.aufirst=Rupert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsuttonhooshipbur0003bruc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruce-Mitford1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Bruce-Mitford" title="Rupert Bruce-Mitford">Bruce-Mitford, Rupert</a> (1986). "The Sutton Hoo Ship-Burial: Some Foreign Connections". Angli e Sassoni al di qua e al di là del mare: 26 aprile-lo maggio 1984. Settimane di studio del Centro italiano di studi sull'alto Medioevo. Vol. XXXII. Spoleto: Centro italiano di studi sull'alto Medioevo. pp. 171–210.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Sutton+Hoo+Ship-Burial%3A+Some+Foreign+Connections&rft.btitle=Angli+e+Sassoni+al+di+qua+e+al+di+l%C3%A0+del+mare%3A+26+aprile-lo+maggio+1984&rft.place=Spoleto&rft.series=Settimane+di+studio+del+Centro+italiano+di+studi+sull%27alto+Medioevo&rft.pages=171-210&rft.pub=Centro+italiano+di+studi+sull%27alto+Medioevo&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Bruce-Mitford&rft.aufirst=Rupert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Campbell_(historian)" title="James Campbell (historian)">Campbell, James</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/voyagetootherwor00kend_0/page/79">"The Impact of the Sutton Hoo Discovery on the Study of Anglo-Saxon History"</a>. In Kendall, Calvin B. & Wells, Peter S. (eds.). Voyage to the Other World: The Legacy of the Sutton Hoo. Medieval Cultures. Vol. 5. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/voyagetootherwor00kend_0/page/79">79–101</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0816620237" title="Special:BookSources/0816620237"><bdi>0816620237</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.ctttv0mr.8">10.5749/j.ctttv0mr.8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Impact+of+the+Sutton+Hoo+Discovery+on+the+Study+of+Anglo-Saxon+History&rft.btitle=Voyage+to+the+Other+World%3A+The+Legacy+of+the+Sutton+Hoo&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.series=Medieval+Cultures&rft.pages=79-101&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=1992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.5749%2Fj.ctttv0mr.8%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.isbn=0816620237&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvoyagetootherwor00kend_0%2Fpage%2F79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"> <a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarver1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Carver" title="Martin Carver">Carver, M. O. H.</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/suttonhooburialg0000carv">Sutton Hoo: Burial Ground of Kings?</a>. London: British Museum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0714105994" title="Special:BookSources/978-0714105994"><bdi>978-0714105994</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sutton+Hoo%3A+Burial+Ground+of+Kings%3F&rft.place=London&rft.pub=British+Museum&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0714105994&rft.aulast=Carver&rft.aufirst=M.+O.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsuttonhooburialg0000carv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Carver.M.O.H. (Ed.), Bulletins of the Sutton Hoo Research Committee 1983–1993 (Boydell, Woodbridge 1993).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarver2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Carver" title="Martin Carver">Carver, Martin</a> (2005). Sutton Hoo: A seventh-century princely burial ground and its context. London: British Museum Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0714123226" title="Special:BookSources/978-0714123226"><bdi>978-0714123226</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sutton+Hoo%3A+A+seventh-century+princely+burial+ground+and+its+context&rft.place=London&rft.pub=British+Museum+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0714123226&rft.aulast=Carver&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.martincarver.com/publications/sutton-hoo-report">[1]</a></li> <li>Carver, Martin (2017) The Sutton Hoo Story. 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Kendrick, E. Kitzinger, O.G.S. Crawford, W.F. Grimes and H.M. Chadwick, The Sutton Hoo Ship-Burial (Antiquity, March 1940).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Phillips_(archaeologist)" title="Charles Phillips (archaeologist)">Phillips, Charles W.</a> (1987). My Life in Archaeology. Gloucester: Alan Sutton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0862993628" title="Special:BookSources/0862993628"><bdi>0862993628</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+Life+in+Archaeology&rft.place=Gloucester&rft.pub=Alan+Sutton&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0862993628&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Charles+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlunkett1998" class="citation journal cs1">Plunkett, Steven J. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://suffolkinstitute.pdfsrv.co.uk/customers/Suffolk%20Institute/2014/01/10/Volume%20XXXIX%20Part%202%20(1998)_The%20Suffolk%20Institute%20of%20Archaeology%20J%20Plunkett_165%20to%20207.pdf">"The Suffolk Institute of Archaeology: its Life, Times and Members"</a> (PDF). XXXIX (2). Ipswich: Society of Antiquaries of London: 165–207. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240728070220/http://suffolkinstitute.pdfsrv.co.uk/customers/Suffolk%20Institute/2014/01/10/Volume%20XXXIX%20Part%202%20(1998)_The%20Suffolk%20Institute%20of%20Archaeology%20J%20Plunkett_165%20to%20207.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 28 July 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Suffolk+Institute+of+Archaeology%3A+its+Life%2C+Times+and+Members&rft.volume=XXXIX&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=165-207&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Plunkett&rft.aufirst=Steven+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsuffolkinstitute.pdfsrv.co.uk%2Fcustomers%2FSuffolk%2520Institute%2F2014%2F01%2F10%2FVolume%2520XXXIX%2520Part%25202%2520%281998%29_The%2520Suffolk%2520Institute%2520of%2520Archaeology%2520J%2520Plunkett_165%2520to%2520207.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlunkett2001" class="citation book cs1">Plunkett, Steven J. (2001). "Items from the Ship-Burial at Sutton Hoo, Suffolk". In <a href="/wiki/Pontus_Hult%C3%A9n" title="Pontus Hultén">Hultén, Pontus</a> & von Plessen, Marie-Louise (eds.). The true story of the Vandals. Museum Vandalorum Publications. Vol. 1. Värnamo: Museum Vandalorum. pp. 65–75. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1650-5549">1650-5549</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Items+from+the+Ship-Burial+at+Sutton+Hoo%2C+Suffolk&rft.btitle=The+true+story+of+the+Vandals&rft.place=V%C3%A4rnamo&rft.series=Museum+Vandalorum+Publications&rft.pages=65-75&rft.pub=Museum+Vandalorum&rft.date=2001&rft.issn=1650-5549&rft.aulast=Plunkett&rft.aufirst=Steven+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"></li> <li>S.J. Plunkett, Sutton Hoo, Suffolk Site guidebook (The National Trust, London 2002).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlunkett2005" class="citation book cs1">Plunkett, Steven J. (2005). Suffolk in Anglo-Saxon Times. Stroud: Tempus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0752431390" title="Special:BookSources/0752431390"><bdi>0752431390</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Suffolk+in+Anglo-Saxon+Times&rft.place=Stroud&rft.pub=Tempus&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0752431390&rft.aulast=Plunkett&rft.aufirst=Steven+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Ipswich_Journal1860" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000071/18601124/013/0005">"Roman Mounds or Barrows"</a>. Woodbridge. The Ipswich Journal. No. 6, 342. Ipswich. 24 November 1860. p. 5. Retrieved 16 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Ipswich+Journal&rft.atitle=Roman+Mounds+or+Barrows&rft.issue=6%2C+342&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1860-11-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk%2Fviewer%2Fbl%2F0000071%2F18601124%2F013%2F0005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"> <a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStolpeArne1927" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Stolpe" title="Hjalmar Stolpe">Stolpe, Hjalmar</a> & Arne, T. J. (1927). La Nécropole De Vendel. Stockholm: Akademiens Förlag.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+N%C3%A9cropole+De+Vendel&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=Akademiens+F%C3%B6rlag&rft.date=1927&rft.aulast=Stolpe&rft.aufirst=Hjalmar&rft.au=Arne%2C+T.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWade2001" class="citation book cs1">Wade, Keith (2001). "Gipeswic – East Anglia's first economic capital, 600–1066". In Salmon, Neil & Malster, Robert (eds.). Ipswich from the First to the Third Millennium: Papers from an Ipswich Society Symposium. Ipswich: Ipswich Society. pp. 1–6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0950732817" title="Special:BookSources/978-0950732817"><bdi>978-0950732817</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gipeswic+%E2%80%93+East+Anglia%27s+first+economic+capital%2C+600%E2%80%931066&rft.btitle=Ipswich+from+the+First+to+the+Third+Millennium%3A+Papers+from+an+Ipswich+Society+Symposium&rft.place=Ipswich&rft.pages=1-6&rft.pub=Ipswich+Society&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0950732817&rft.aulast=Wade&rft.aufirst=Keith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWest1998" class="citation report cs1">West, Stanley E. (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eaareports.org.uk/assets/uploads/repository/EAA_Report_84.pdf">Aspects of Anglo-Saxon Archaeology: Sutton Hoo and Other Discoveries</a> (PDF). East Anglian Archaeology (Report). Ipswich: Suffolk County Council. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0860552462" title="Special:BookSources/0860552462"><bdi>0860552462</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210711012548/http://eaareports.org.uk/assets/uploads/repository/EAA_Report_84.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 11 July 2021. Retrieved 31 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Aspects+of+Anglo-Saxon+Archaeology%3A+Sutton+Hoo+and+Other+Discoveries&rft.place=Ipswich&rft.pub=Suffolk+County+Council&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0860552462&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Stanley+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feaareports.org.uk%2Fassets%2Fuploads%2Frepository%2FEAA_Report_84.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestScarfeCramp1984" class="citation journal cs1">West, Stanley E.; Scarfe, Norman & <a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Cramp" title="Rosemary Cramp">Cramp, Rosemary</a> (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://suffolkinstitute.pdfsrv.co.uk/customers/Suffolk%20Institute/2014/01/10/Volume%20XXXV%20Part%204%20(1984)_Iken%20St%20Botolph%20and%20the%20coming%20of%20East%20Anglian%20Christianity%20S%20E%20West%20etc-279%20to%20291.pdf">"Iken, St Botolph, and the Coming of East Anglian Christianity"</a> (PDF). Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology. XXXV (4). Ipswich: Society of Antiquaries of London: 279–301. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160219130832/http://suffolkinstitute.pdfsrv.co.uk/customers/Suffolk%20Institute/2014/01/10/Volume%20XXXV%20Part%204%20(1984)_Iken%20St%20Botolph%20and%20the%20coming%20of%20East%20Anglian%20Christianity%20S%20E%20West%20etc-279%20to%20291.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 19 February 2016. Retrieved 16 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Suffolk+Institute+of+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Iken%2C+St+Botolph%2C+and+the+Coming+of+East+Anglian+Christianity&rft.volume=XXXV&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=279-301&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Stanley+E.&rft.au=Scarfe%2C+Norman&rft.au=Cramp%2C+Rosemary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsuffolkinstitute.pdfsrv.co.uk%2Fcustomers%2FSuffolk%2520Institute%2F2014%2F01%2F10%2FVolume%2520XXXV%2520Part%25204%2520%281984%29_Iken%2520St%2520Botolph%2520and%2520the%2520coming%2520of%2520East%2520Anglian%2520Christianity%2520S%2520E%2520West%2520etc-279%2520to%2520291.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Williams_(conservator)" title="Nigel Williams (conservator)">Williams, Nigel</a> (1992). "The Sutton Hoo Helmet". In <a href="/wiki/William_Andrew_Oddy" class="mw-redirect" title="William Andrew Oddy">Oddy, William Andrew</a> (ed.). The Art of the Conservator. London: British Museum Press. pp. 73–88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0714120560" title="Special:BookSources/978-0714120560"><bdi>978-0714120560</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Sutton+Hoo+Helmet&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+the+Conservator&rft.place=London&rft.pages=73-88&rft.pub=British+Museum+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0714120560&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_M._Wilson" title="David M. Wilson">Wilson, David M.</a> (1984). Anglo-Saxon Art: From The Seventh Century To The Norman Conquest. London: Thames and Hudson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0500233924" title="Special:BookSources/978-0500233924"><bdi>978-0500233924</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anglo-Saxon+Art%3A+From+The+Seventh+Century+To+The+Norman+Conquest&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Thames+and+Hudson&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0500233924&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: Basil J.W. Brown, Rupert L.S. Bruce-Mitford, Charles W. Phillips.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Allfrey, F. <a href="//doi.org/10.1057/s41280-021-00209-9" class="extiw" title="doi:10.1057/s41280-021-00209-9">Ethnonationalism and medievalism: reading affective ‘Anglo-Saxonism’ today with the discovery of Sutton Hoo.</a> Postmedieval 12, 75–99 (2021).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Greta_Arwidsson" title="Greta Arwidsson">Arwidsson, Greta</a> (1934). "A New Scandinavian Form of Helmet from the Vendel-Time". Acta Archaeologica. V: 243–257. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0065-101X">0065-101X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Archaeologica&rft.atitle=A+New+Scandinavian+Form+of+Helmet+from+the+Vendel-Time&rft.volume=V&rft.pages=243-257&rft.date=1934&rft.issn=0065-101X&rft.aulast=Arwidsson&rft.aufirst=Greta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Care_Evans" title="Angela Care Evans">Care Evans, Angela</a> (1986). The Sutton Hoo Ship Burial (British Museum Press).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Carver" title="Martin Carver">Carver, Martin</a>, ed. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=58MNMG2-e4oC">The Age of Sutton Hoo: The seventh century in north-western Europe</a>. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0851153305" title="Special:BookSources/0851153305"><bdi>0851153305</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+Sutton+Hoo%3A+The+seventh+century+in+north-western+Europe&rft.place=Woodbridge&rft.pub=Boydell+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0851153305&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D58MNMG2-e4oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Carver, Martin (2017). The Sutton Hoo Story: Encounters with Early England. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1783272044" title="Special:BookSources/978-1783272044">978-1783272044</a>. Includes an account of all the excavation campaigns at Sutton Hoo from 1938 to 1992.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Crumlin-Pedersen, Ole & Thye, Birgitte Munch, eds. (1995). The Ship as Symbol in Prehistoric and Medieval Scandinavia: Papers from an International Research Seminar at the Danish National Museum, Copenhagen, 5th–7th May 1994. Publications from the National Museum. Studies in archaeology & history. Vol. 1. Copenhagen: National Museum of Denmark, Department of Archaeology and Early History. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8789384016" title="Special:BookSources/978-8789384016"><bdi>978-8789384016</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ship+as+Symbol+in+Prehistoric+and+Medieval+Scandinavia%3A+Papers+from+an+International+Research+Seminar+at+the+Danish+National+Museum%2C+Copenhagen%2C+5th%E2%80%937th+May+1994&rft.place=Copenhagen&rft.series=Publications+from+the+National+Museum.+Studies+in+archaeology+%26+history&rft.pub=National+Museum+of+Denmark%2C+Department+of+Archaeology+and+Early+History&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-8789384016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Engstrom, Robert; Lankton, Scott Michael & Lesher-Engstrom, Audrey (1989). A Modern Replication Based on the Pattern-Welded Sword of Sutton Hoo. Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/091872029X" title="Special:BookSources/091872029X"><bdi>091872029X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Modern+Replication+Based+on+the+Pattern-Welded+Sword+of+Sutton+Hoo&rft.place=Kalamazoo&rft.pub=Medieval+Institute+Publications%2C+Western+Michigan+University&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=091872029X&rft.aulast=Engstrom&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Lankton%2C+Scott+Michael&rft.au=Lesher-Engstrom%2C+Audrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Fairclough, John & Plunkett, Steven J. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://suffolkinstitute.pdfsrv.co.uk/customers/Suffolk%20Institute/2014/01/10/Volume%20XXXIX%20Part%204%20(2000)_Drgs%20of%20Walton%20Castle%20and%20others%20in%20Walton%20J%20Fairclough%20S%20J%20Plunkett_415%20to%20459.pdf">"Drawings of Walton Castle and other monuments in Walton and Felixstowe"</a> (PDF). Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology. XXXIX (4). Ipswich: Society of Antiquaries of London: 419–459.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Suffolk+Institute+of+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Drawings+of+Walton+Castle+and+other+monuments+in+Walton+and+Felixstowe&rft.volume=XXXIX&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=419-459&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Fairclough&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Plunkett%2C+Steven+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsuffolkinstitute.pdfsrv.co.uk%2Fcustomers%2FSuffolk%2520Institute%2F2014%2F01%2F10%2FVolume%2520XXXIX%2520Part%25204%2520%282000%29_Drgs%2520of%2520Walton%2520Castle%2520and%2520others%2520in%2520Walton%2520J%2520Fairclough%2520S%2520J%2520Plunkett_415%2520to%2520459.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Farrell, Robert T. (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vsnrweb-publications.org.uk/Beowulf%20Swedes%20andGeats.pdf">Beowulf, Swedes and Geats</a> (PDF). London: Viking Society for Northern Research.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beowulf%2C+Swedes+and+Geats&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Viking+Society+for+Northern+Research&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Farrell&rft.aufirst=Robert+T.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvsnrweb-publications.org.uk%2FBeowulf%2520Swedes%2520andGeats.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"> <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Farrell, Robert T. & Neuman de Vegvar, Carol L., eds. (1992). Sutton Hoo: Fifty Years After. American Early Medieval Studies. Vol. 2. Oxford, Ohio: American Early Medieval Studies, Miami University, Department of Art. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1879836013" title="Special:BookSources/978-1879836013"><bdi>978-1879836013</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sutton+Hoo%3A+Fifty+Years+After&rft.place=Oxford%2C+Ohio&rft.series=American+Early+Medieval+Studies&rft.pub=American+Early+Medieval+Studies%2C+Miami+University%2C+Department+of+Art&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-1879836013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Green_(archaeologist)" title="Charles Green (archaeologist)">Green, Charles</a> (1963). Sutton Hoo: The Excavation of a Royal Ship-Burial. New York: Sheridan House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1574093537" title="Special:BookSources/978-1574093537"><bdi>978-1574093537</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sutton+Hoo%3A+The+Excavation+of+a+Royal+Ship-Burial&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Sheridan+House&rft.date=1963&rft.isbn=978-1574093537&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Mayr-Harting" title="Henry Mayr-Harting">Mayr-Harting, Henry</a> (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fLrdkyalKpwC">The Coming of Christianity to Anglo-Saxon England</a>. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0271007694" title="Special:BookSources/978-0271007694"><bdi>978-0271007694</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Coming+of+Christianity+to+Anglo-Saxon+England&rft.place=University+Park&rft.pub=Pennsylvania+State+University+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0271007694&rft.aulast=Mayr-Harting&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfLrdkyalKpwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Newton, Sam (2003). The Reckoning of King Rædwald: The Story of the King linked to the Sutton Hoo Ship-Burial. Brightlingsea: Red Bird Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1902626321" title="Special:BookSources/978-1902626321"><bdi>978-1902626321</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Reckoning+of+King+R%C3%A6dwald%3A+The+Story+of+the+King+linked+to+the+Sutton+Hoo+Ship-Burial&rft.place=Brightlingsea&rft.pub=Red+Bird+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1902626321&rft.aulast=Newton&rft.aufirst=Sam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASutton+Hoo" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sutton_Hoo&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sutton_Hoo" class="extiw" title="commons:Sutton Hoo">Sutton Hoo</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/suttonhoo">Sutton Hoo</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/National_Trust_for_Places_of_Historic_Interest_or_Natural_Beauty" class="mw-redirect" title="National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty">National Trust, including 100s of photographs from 1939</a> website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archaeology.co.uk/articles/specials/timeline/sutton-hoo.htm">'Sutton Hoo: the Grandest Anglo-Saxon Burial of All'</a>, from Current Archaeology on-line magazine 17 November 2002.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> documentary, 1965, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Y92UXexJWg">YouTube, Sutton Hoo: The Million Pound Grave (3 minutes 18 seconds)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6NTfxpre-J8&t=4s">YouTube, Sutton Hoo, 1985 (1 hour 39 minutes)</a>. Incorporates the 1965 BBC documentary The Million Pound Grave about the 1939 excavation and follow-up 1984/5 documentary about subsequent research.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wuffings.co.uk/MySHPages/SHPage.html">'Sutton Hoo: Burial Ground of the Wuffings'</a>, by Sam Newton.</li> <li>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.suttonhoo.org/">Sutton Hoo Society</a> website</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> Look East <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-suffolk-12831958">news clip</a> on the recreated burial ship at Sutton Hoo. Retrieved 16 July 2011 (viewable only to people in the UK or by using a UK proxy).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.york.ac.uk/archaeology/strat/pastpub/96ch6.pdf">Sutton Hoo burials: reconstructing the sequence of events</a>, M. Hummler and A Roe, Interpreting Stratigraphy 8, University of York, 1996, York. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0946722145" title="Special:BookSources/0946722145">0946722145</a></li> <li>Discussion of shoulder clasps by <a href="/wiki/Janina_Ramirez" title="Janina Ramirez">Janina Ramirez</a> and Jim Peters: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.acast.com/artdetective/suttonhooshoulderclasp-withjimpeters">Art Detective Podcast, 1 Feb 2017</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Reading_Room" title="British Museum Reading Room">Round Reading Room</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Departments and objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Department_of_Africa,_Oceania_and_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="British Museum Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas">Africa, Oceania and Americas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akan_Drum" title="Akan Drum">Akan Drum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aubin_Codex" title="Aubin Codex">Aubin Codex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin_Bronzes" title="Benin Bronzes">Benin Bronzes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briggs_Enigma" title="Briggs Enigma">Briggs Enigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Head_from_Ife" title="Bronze Head from Ife">Bronze Head from Ife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Kingsborough" title="Codex Kingsborough">Codex Kingsborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-headed_serpent" title="Double-headed serpent">Double-headed serpent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoa_Hakananai%27a" title="Hoa Hakananai'a">Hoa Hakananai'a</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throne_of_Weapons" title="Throne of Weapons">Throne of Weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayung_totem_pole" title="Kayung totem pole">Kayung totem pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_of_Life_(Kester)" title="Tree of Life (Kester)">Tree of Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaxchilan_Lintel_24" title="Yaxchilan Lintel 24">Yaxchilan Lintel 24</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Department_of_Ancient_Egypt_and_Sudan" title="British Museum Department of Ancient Egypt and Sudan">Ancient Egypt and Sudan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battlefield_Palette" title="Battlefield Palette">Battlefield Palette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colossal_quartzite_statue_of_Amenhotep_III" title="Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III">Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colossal_red_granite_statue_of_Amenhotep_III" title="Colossal red granite statue of Amenhotep III">Colossal head of Amenhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El-Amra_clay_model_of_cattle" title="El-Amra clay model of cattle">El-Amra clay model of cattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gebelein_predynastic_mummies" title="Gebelein predynastic mummies">Gebelein predynastic mummies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenfield_papyrus" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenfield papyrus">Greenfield papyrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornedjitef" title="Hornedjitef">Hornedjitef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunters_Palette" title="Hunters Palette">Hunters Palette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacGregor_plaque" title="MacGregor plaque">MacGregor plaque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min_Palette" title="Min Palette">Min Palette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_of_Ani" title="Papyrus of Ani">Papyrus of Ani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prudhoe_Lions" title="Prudhoe Lions">Prudhoe Lions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhind_Mathematical_Papyrus" title="Rhind Mathematical Papyrus">Rhind Mathematical Papyrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_Stone" title="Rosetta Stone">Rosetta Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphinx_of_Taharqo" title="Sphinx of Taharqo">Sphinx of Taharqo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statues_of_Amun_in_the_form_of_a_ram_protecting_King_Taharqa" title="Statues of Amun in the form of a ram protecting King Taharqa">Amun in the form of a ram protecting King Taharqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Younger_Memnon" title="Younger Memnon">Younger Memnon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Department_of_Asia" title="British Museum Department of Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Admonitions_Scroll" title="Admonitions Scroll">Admonitions Scroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphsad_inscription_of_%C4%80dityasena" title="Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena">Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaravati_Marbles" title="Amaravati Marbles">Amaravati Marbles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambika_Statue_from_Dhar" title="Ambika Statue from Dhar">Ambika Statue from Dhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amit%C4%81bha_Buddha_from_Hancui" title="Amitābha Buddha from Hancui">Amitābha Buddha from Hancui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimaran_casket" title="Bimaran casket">Bimaran casket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhapad_Hoard" title="Buddhapad Hoard">Buddhapad Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogao_Christian_painting" title="Mogao Christian painting">Mogao Christian painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Vases" title="David Vases">David Vases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaneswar_Khera_Buddha_image_inscription" title="Dhaneswar Khera Buddha image inscription">Dhaneswar Khera Buddha image inscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hephthalite_silver_bowl" title="Hephthalite silver bowl">Hephthalite silver bowl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huixian_Bronze_Hu" title="Huixian Bronze Hu">Huixian Bronze Hu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jade_terrapin_from_Allahabad" title="Jade terrapin from Allahabad">Jade terrapin from Allahabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakiemon_elephants_(British_Museum)" title="Kakiemon elephants (British Museum)">Kakiemon elephants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kang_Hou_gui" title="Kang Hou gui">Kang Hou gui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanishka_casket" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanishka casket">Kanishka casket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klang_Bell" title="Klang Bell">Klang Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kulu_Vase" title="Kulu Vase">Kulu Vase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathura_lion_capital" title="Mathura lion capital">Mathura lion capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percival_David_Foundation_of_Chinese_Art" title="Percival David Foundation of Chinese Art">Percival David Foundation of Chinese Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seated_Buddha_from_Gandhara" title="Seated Buddha from Gandhara">Seated Buddha from Gandhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamp_seal_(BM_119999)" title="Stamp seal (BM 119999)">Stamp seal (BM 119999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Tara" title="Statue of Tara">Statue of Tara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Wave_off_Kanagawa" title="The Great Wave off Kanagawa">The Great Wave off Kanagawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu_Nicolo_Seal" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishnu Nicolo Seal">Vishnu Nicolo Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wardak_Vase" title="Wardak Vase">Wardak Vase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Department_of_Greece_and_Rome" class="mw-redirect" title="British Museum Department of Greece and Rome">Greece and Rome</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegina_Treasure" title="Aegina Treasure">Aegina Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aineta_aryballos" title="Aineta aryballos">Aineta aryballos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_of_Cyrene" title="Apollo of Cyrene">Apollo of Cyrene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archangel_ivory" title="Archangel ivory">Archangel ivory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcisate_Treasure" title="Arcisate Treasure">Arcisate Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armento_Rider" title="Armento Rider">Armento Rider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arundel_Head" title="Arundel Head">Arundel Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asclepius_of_Milos" title="Asclepius of Milos">Asclepius of Milos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barber_Cup_and_Crawford_Cup" title="Barber Cup and Crawford Cup">Barber Cup and Crawford Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassae_Frieze" title="Bassae Frieze">Bassae Frieze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaurains_Treasure" title="Beaurains Treasure">Beaurains Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blacas_Cameo" title="Blacas Cameo">Blacas Cameo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boscoreale_Treasure" title="Boscoreale Treasure">Boscoreale Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boy_with_Thorn" title="Boy with Thorn">Boy with Thorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braganza_Brooch" title="Braganza Brooch">Braganza Brooch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Head_of_Hypnos_from_Civitella_d%27Arna" title="Bronze Head of Hypnos from Civitella d'Arna">Bronze head of Hypnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burgon_vase" title="Burgon vase">Burgon vase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bursa_Treasure" title="Bursa Treasure">Bursa Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campo_Iemini_Venus" title="Campo Iemini Venus">Campo Iemini Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthage_Treasure" title="Carthage Treasure">Carthage Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caubiac_Treasure" title="Caubiac Treasure">Caubiac Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaourse_Treasure" title="Chaourse Treasure">Chaourse Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatsworth_Head" title="Chatsworth Head">Chatsworth Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chatuzange_Treasure" title="Chatuzange Treasure">Chatuzange Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choiseul-Gouffier_Apollo" title="Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo">Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demeter_of_Knidos" title="Demeter of Knidos">Demeter of Knidos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus_Sardanapalus" title="Dionysus Sardanapalus">Dionysus Sardanapalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elgin_Amphora" title="Elgin Amphora">Elgin Amphora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elgin_Marbles" title="Elgin Marbles">Elgin Marbles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esquiline_Treasure" title="Esquiline Treasure">Esquiline Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphorbos_plate" title="Euphorbos plate">Euphorbos plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farnese_Diadumenos" title="Farnese Diadumenos">Farnese Diadumenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilford_Puteal" title="Guilford Puteal">Guilford Puteal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpy_Tomb" title="Harpy Tomb">Harpy Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herculean_Sarcophagus_of_Genzano" title="Herculean Sarcophagus of Genzano">Herculean Sarcophagus of Genzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isis_Tomb,_Vulci" title="Isis Tomb, Vulci">Isis Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennings_Dog" title="Jennings Dog">Jennings Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_of_Knidos" title="Lion of Knidos">Lion of Knidos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycurgus_Cup" title="Lycurgus Cup">Lycurgus Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macmillan_aryballos" title="Macmillan aryballos">Macmillan aryballos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A2con_Treasure" title="Mâcon Treasure">Mâcon Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainz_Gladius" title="Mainz Gladius">Mainz Gladius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mero%C3%AB_Head" title="Meroë Head">Meroë Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minoan_Bull-leaper" title="Minoan Bull-leaper">Minoan Bull-leaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereid_Monument" title="Nereid Monument">Nereid Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscan_Tablet" title="Oscan Tablet">Oscan Tablet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxyrhynchus_Papyri" title="Oxyrhynchus Papyri">Papyri of Oxyrhynchus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Oxyrhynchus_84" title="Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 84">84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Oxyrhynchus_85" title="Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 85">85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Oxyrhynchus_102" title="Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 102">102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Oxyrhynchus_103" title="Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 103">103</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramythia_Hoard" title="Paramythia Hoard">Paramythia Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pericles_with_the_Corinthian_helmet" title="Pericles with the Corinthian helmet">Pericles bust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petelia_Gold_Tablet" title="Petelia Gold Tablet">Petelia Gold Tablet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piranesi_Vase" title="Piranesi Vase">Piranesi Vase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_Vase" title="Portland Vase">Portland Vase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priene_inscription_of_Alexander_the_Great" title="Priene inscription of Alexander the Great">Priene dedicatory inscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great%27s_edict_to_Priene" title="Alexander the Great's edict to Priene">Priene edict inscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Sosti_Axe-Head" title="San Sosti Axe-Head">San Sosti Axe-Head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%27Angelo_Muxaro_Patera" title="Sant'Angelo Muxaro Patera">Sant'Angelo Muxaro Patera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcophagus_of_Seianti_Hanunia_Tlesnasa" title="Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa">Sarcophagus of Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satala_Aphrodite" title="Satala Aphrodite">Satala Aphrodite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stony_Stratford_Hoard" class="mw-redirect" title="Stony Stratford Hoard">Stony Stratford Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strangford_Apollo" title="Strangford Apollo">Strangford Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Payava" title="Tomb of Payava">Tomb of Payava</a></li> <li>Townley collection <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Townley_Antinous" title="Townley Antinous">Antinous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townley_Caryatid" title="Townley Caryatid">Caryatid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townley_Discobolus" class="mw-redirect" title="Townley Discobolus">Discobolus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townley_Hadrian" title="Townley Hadrian">Hadrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townley_Vase" title="Townley Vase">Vase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townley_Venus" title="Townley Venus">Venus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uerdingen_Hoard" title="Uerdingen Hoard">Uerdingen Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaison_Diadumenos" title="Vaison Diadumenos">Vaison Diadumenos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Cup" title="Warren Cup">Warren Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xanten_Horse-Phalerae" title="Xanten Horse-Phalerae">Xanten Horse-Phalerae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Department_of_the_Middle_East" title="British Museum Department of the Middle East">Middle East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ain_Sakhri_figurine" title="Ain Sakhri figurine">Ain Sakhri figurine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_lion_weights" title="Assyrian lion weights">Assyrian lion weights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balawat_Gates" title="Balawat Gates">Balawat Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blacas_ewer" title="Blacas ewer">Blacas ewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruk_Trough" title="Uruk Trough">Uruk Trough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blau_Monuments" title="Blau Monuments">Blau Monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmer_Cup" title="Palmer Cup">Palmer Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_Ur" title="Standard of Ur">Standard of Ur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_in_a_Thicket" title="Ram in a Thicket">Ram in a Thicket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyres_of_Ur" title="Lyres of Ur">Lyres of Ur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_al-%27Ubaid_Copper_Lintel" title="Tell al-'Ubaid Copper Lintel">Tell al-'Ubaid Copper Lintel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Obelisk" title="White Obelisk">White Obelisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Obelisk_of_Shalmaneser_III" title="Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III">Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kition_Necropolis_Phoenician_inscriptions" title="Kition Necropolis Phoenician inscriptions">Kition Necropolis Phoenician inscriptions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burney_Relief" title="Burney Relief">Burney Relief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complaint_tablet_to_Ea-n%C4%81%E1%B9%A3ir" title="Complaint tablet to Ea-nāṣir">Complaint tablet to Ea-nāṣir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablet_of_Shamash" title="Tablet of Shamash">Tablet of Shamash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Idrimi" title="Statue of Idrimi">Statue of Idrimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Map_of_the_World" title="Babylonian Map of the World">Babylonian Map of the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rassam_cylinder" title="Rassam cylinder">Rassam cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cylinders_of_Nabonidus" title="Cylinders of Nabonidus">Cylinders of Nabonidus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Cylinder" title="Cyrus Cylinder">Cyrus Cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgamesh_flood_myth" title="Gilgamesh flood myth">Flood tablet (Gilgamesh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jar_of_Xerxes_I" title="Jar of Xerxes I">Jar of Xerxes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Ashurbanipal" title="Library of Ashurbanipal">Library of Ashurbanipal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lion_Hunt_of_Ashurbanipal" title="Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal">Lion Hunt of Ashurbanipal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxus_Treasure" title="Oxus Treasure">Oxus Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sennacherib%27s_Annals" title="Sennacherib's Annals">Taylor Prism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachish_reliefs" title="Lachish reliefs">Lachish reliefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_Chronicles" title="Babylonian Chronicles">Babylonian Chronicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ur_Box_inscription" title="Ur Box inscription">Ur Box inscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurkh_Monoliths" title="Kurkh Monoliths">Kurkh Monoliths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochus_cylinder" title="Antiochus cylinder">Antiochus cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimrud_ivories" title="Nimrud ivories">Nimrud ivories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenician_metal_bowls" title="Phoenician metal bowls">Phoenician metal bowls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Department_of_Prehistory_and_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="British Museum Department of Prehistory and Europe">Prehistory and Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portable_altar_(WB.232)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable altar (WB.232)">Boxwood altar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franks_Casket" title="Franks Casket">Franks Casket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Thorn_Reliquary" title="Holy Thorn Reliquary">Holy Thorn Reliquary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoxne_Hoard" title="Hoxne Hoard">Hoxne Hoard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_chessmen" title="Lewis chessmen">Lewis chessmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindow_Man" title="Lindow Man">Lindow Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildenhall_Treasure" title="Mildenhall Treasure">Mildenhall Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringlemere_Cup" title="Ringlemere Cup">Ringlemere Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Gold_Cup" title="Royal Gold Cup">Royal Gold Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seax_of_Beagnoth" title="Seax of Beagnoth">Seax of Beagnoth</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sutton Hoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_Hoo_helmet" title="Sutton Hoo helmet">Sutton Hoo helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_Hoo_purse-lid" title="Sutton Hoo purse-lid">Sutton Hoo purse-lid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimming_Reindeer" title="Swimming Reindeer">Swimming Reindeer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedwig_glass" title="Hedwig glass">Hedwig glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vindolanda_tablets" title="Vindolanda tablets">Vindolanda Tablets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampsacus_Treasure" title="Lampsacus Treasure">Lampsacus Treasure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;"><a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Department_of_Prints_and_Drawings" class="mw-redirect" title="British Museum Department of Prints and Drawings">Prints and Drawings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCrer%27s_Rhinoceros" title="Dürer's Rhinoceros">Dürer's Rhinoceros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epifania_(Michelangelo_drawing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Epifania (Michelangelo drawing)">Epifania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Modi" title="I Modi">I Modi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_Brant_(drawing)" title="Isabella Brant (drawing)">Isabella Brant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ancient_of_Days" title="The Ancient of Days">The Ancient of Days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Disasters_of_War" title="The Disasters of War">The Disasters of War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_The_Flopsy_Bunnies#Illustrations" class="mw-redirect" title="The Tale of The Flopsy Bunnies">The Tale of the Flopsy Bunnies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumphal_Arch_(woodcut)" title="Triumphal Arch (woodcut)">Triumphal Arch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Department_of_Coins_and_Medals" title="British Museum Department of Coins and Medals">Coins and Medals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Department_of_Conservation_and_Scientific_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="British Museum Department of Conservation and Scientific Research">Conservation and Scientific Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Department_of_Libraries_and_Archives" class="mw-redirect" title="British Museum Department of Libraries and Archives">Libraries and Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_Antiquities_Scheme" title="Portable Antiquities Scheme">Portable Antiquities and Treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rondanini_Faun" title="Rondanini Faun">Rondanini Faun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_History_of_the_World_in_100_Objects" title="A History of the World in 100 Objects">A History of the World in 100 Objects</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blythe_House" title="Blythe House">Blythe House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Museum_Act" title="British Museum Act">British Museum Acts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingwall_Beloe_Lecture_Series" title="Dingwall Beloe Lecture Series">Dingwall Beloe Lectures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_shot_at_the_British_Museum" title="List of films shot at the British Museum">Films shot at the British Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_Case" title="Private Case">Private Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Museum#Contested_artefacts" title="British Museum">Repatriation controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretum_(British_Museum)" title="Secretum (British Museum)">Secretum</a></li> <li>Staff <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_directors_of_the_British_Museum" title="List of directors of the British Museum">Directors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_British_Museum_Friends" title="The British Museum Friends">Friends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_keepers_of_the_British_Museum" title="List of keepers of the British Museum">Keepers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_the_British_Museum" title="Royal Commission on the British Museum">Royal Commission on the British Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trustees_of_the_British_Museum" title="List of trustees of the British Museum">Trustees</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:British_Museum" title="Category:British Museum">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ship_burial_customs_in_Germanic_paganism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#d6dbbe"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ship_burial_customs_in_Germanic_paganism" title="Template:Ship burial customs in Germanic paganism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ship_burial_customs_in_Germanic_paganism" title="Template talk:Ship burial customs in Germanic paganism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ship_burial_customs_in_Germanic_paganism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ship burial customs in Germanic paganism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ship_burial_customs_in_Germanic_paganism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ship burial customs in <a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Germanic paganism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ship_burial" title="Ship burial">Ship burials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gokstad_ship" title="Gokstad ship">Gokstad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gjellestad_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Gjellestad ship">Gjellestad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladby_ship" title="Ladby ship">Ladby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oseberg_Ship" title="Oseberg Ship">Oseberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tune_ship" title="Tune ship">Tune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vendel" title="Vendel">Vendel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valsg%C3%A4rde" title="Valsgärde">Valsgärde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salme_ships" title="Salme ships">Salme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Britain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Port_an_Eilean_Mh%C3%B2ir_ship_burial" class="mw-redirect" title="Port an Eilean Mhòir ship burial">Port an Eilean Mhòir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scar_boat_burial" title="Scar boat burial">Scar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snape_ship_burial" class="mw-redirect" title="Snape ship burial">Snape</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sutton Hoo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Gettlingelowres.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Gettlingelowres.jpg/120px-Gettlingelowres.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Gettlingelowres.jpg/180px-Gettlingelowres.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Gettlingelowres.jpg/240px-Gettlingelowres.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="558" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stone_ship" title="Stone ship">Stone ships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ale%27s_Stones" title="Ale's Stones">Ale's Stones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altes_Lager_(Menzlin)" title="Altes Lager (Menzlin)">Altes Lager (Menzlin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boge,_Gotland" title="Boge, Gotland">Tjelvar's Grave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A5lerum" class="mw-redirect" title="Gålerum">Gålerum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gettlinge" title="Gettlinge">Gettlinge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnisv%C3%A4rd#Stone_ships" title="Gnisvärd">Gnisvärd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulterstad" title="Hulterstad">Hulterstad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jelling_stone_ship" title="Jelling stone ship">Jelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindholm_H%C3%B8je" title="Lindholm Høje">Lindholm Høje</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#d6dbbe;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sessr%C3%BAmnir" title="Sessrúmnir">Sessrúmnir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%AD%C3%B0bla%C3%B0nir" title="Skíðblaðnir">Skíðblaðnir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503256#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503256#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503256#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/241486522">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4118923-1">Germany</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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