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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fenomenul_de_deșertificare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Fenomenul de deșertificare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fenomenul_de_deșertificare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istoric" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istoric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Istoric</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istoric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reacția_guvernului" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reacția_guvernului"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reacția guvernului</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reacția_guvernului-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vezi_și" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vezi_și"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Vezi și</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vezi_și-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dust Bowl</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 42 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="قصعة الغبار – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قصعة الغبار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dust Bowl" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tozlu_tufanlar" title="Tozlu tufanlar – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tozlu tufanlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dust Bowl" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dust Bowl" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Тусан Пырши – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тусан Пырши" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dust Bowl" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84_%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB" title="Νταστ Μπόουλ – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νταστ Μπόουλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Dust Bowl" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polvosekego" title="Polvosekego – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Polvosekego" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dust Bowl" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dust Bowl" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="داست بول – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="داست بول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Dust Bowl" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dust Bowl" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BAiche_deannaigh" title="Dúiche deannaigh – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dúiche deannaigh" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%A7%E0%AB%80" title="આંધી – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="આંધી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%92%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A7" title="אגן האבק – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אגן האבק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%80" title="आँधी – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आँधी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dust Bowl" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Dust Bowl" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dust Bowl" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%9C%E3%82%A6%E3%83%AB" title="ダストボウル – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ダストボウル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%A9%EC%A7%84" title="황진 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="황진" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patera_Pulveris" title="Patera Pulveris – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Patera Pulveris" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dust Bowl" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Dust Bowl" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dust Bowl" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9yah%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD_nidineesdza%CA%BC" title="Kéyahígíí nidineesdzaʼ – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Kéyahígíí nidineesdzaʼ" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dust Bowl" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dust Bowl" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%91%D0%BB" title="Пыльный котёл – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пыльный котёл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dust Bowl" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dust Bowl" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dust Bowl" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dust Bowl" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prljave_tridesete" title="Prljave tridesete – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Prljave tridesete" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dust Bowl" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dust Bowl" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пиловий казан – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пиловий казан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dust_Bowl" title="Dust Bowl – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dust Bowl" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E8%89%B2%E9%A3%8E%E6%9A%B4%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="黑色风暴事件 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="黑色风暴事件" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q726501#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Map_of_states_and_counties_affected_by_the_Dust_Bowl,_sourced_from_US_federal_government_dept._(NRCS_SSRA-RAD).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Map_of_states_and_counties_affected_by_the_Dust_Bowl%2C_sourced_from_US_federal_government_dept._%28NRCS_SSRA-RAD%29.svg/220px-Map_of_states_and_counties_affected_by_the_Dust_Bowl%2C_sourced_from_US_federal_government_dept._%28NRCS_SSRA-RAD%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Map_of_states_and_counties_affected_by_the_Dust_Bowl%2C_sourced_from_US_federal_government_dept._%28NRCS_SSRA-RAD%29.svg/330px-Map_of_states_and_counties_affected_by_the_Dust_Bowl%2C_sourced_from_US_federal_government_dept._%28NRCS_SSRA-RAD%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Map_of_states_and_counties_affected_by_the_Dust_Bowl%2C_sourced_from_US_federal_government_dept._%28NRCS_SSRA-RAD%29.svg/440px-Map_of_states_and_counties_affected_by_the_Dust_Bowl%2C_sourced_from_US_federal_government_dept._%28NRCS_SSRA-RAD%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="691" data-file-height="633" /></a><figcaption> Harta statelor și <a href="/wiki/Comitat_al_unui_stat_al_Statelor_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Comitat al unui stat al Statelor Unite ale Americii">comitatelor</a> afectate de Dust Bowl între 1935 și 1938 pregătită inițial de Serviciul de conservare a solului. Cele mai grav afectate comitate din această perioadă sunt colorate<span style="display:inline-block;width:1em;height:1em;border:1.62px solid black;background:#d88373;" title="#d88373"> </span>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Dust_storm_approaching_Stratford,_Texas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Dust_storm_approaching_Stratford%2C_Texas.jpg/220px-Dust_storm_approaching_Stratford%2C_Texas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Dust_storm_approaching_Stratford%2C_Texas.jpg/330px-Dust_storm_approaching_Stratford%2C_Texas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Dust_storm_approaching_Stratford%2C_Texas.jpg/440px-Dust_storm_approaching_Stratford%2C_Texas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3248" data-file-height="2028" /></a><figcaption>Texas, 1935</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Farmer_walking_in_dust_storm_Cimarron_County_Oklahoma2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Farmer_walking_in_dust_storm_Cimarron_County_Oklahoma2.jpg/220px-Farmer_walking_in_dust_storm_Cimarron_County_Oklahoma2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Farmer_walking_in_dust_storm_Cimarron_County_Oklahoma2.jpg/330px-Farmer_walking_in_dust_storm_Cimarron_County_Oklahoma2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Farmer_walking_in_dust_storm_Cimarron_County_Oklahoma2.jpg/440px-Farmer_walking_in_dust_storm_Cimarron_County_Oklahoma2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7284" data-file-height="7120" /></a><figcaption>Oklahoma, 1936</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Dust Bowl</b> (de asemenea <b>Dirty Thirties</b>) a fost o perioadă de puternice <a href="/wiki/Furtun%C4%83_de_nisip" title="Furtună de nisip">furtuni de nisip</a>, care s-au abătut asupra <a href="/wiki/Prerie" title="Prerie">preriilor</a> din <a href="/wiki/SUA" class="mw-redirect" title="SUA">SUA</a> și <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> în <a href="/wiki/Anii_1930" title="Anii 1930">anii 1930</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fenomenul_de_deșertificare"><span id="Fenomenul_de_de.C8.99ertificare"></span>Fenomenul de deșertificare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dust_Bowl&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Fenomenul de deșertificare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dust_Bowl&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Fenomenul de deșertificare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fenomenul a fost activizat de <a href="/wiki/Secet%C4%83" title="Secetă">seceta</a> severă și de eșecul aplicării metodelor de creștere a „perdelelor” <a href="/wiki/P%C4%83dure" title="Pădure">forestiere</a> în zonele aride, destinate prevenirii <a href="/wiki/Eroziune" class="mw-disambig" title="Eroziune">eroziunii</a> eoliene. Aratul adânc la scară mare a solului virgin din <a href="/wiki/Marile_C%C3%A2mpii" title="Marile Câmpii">Marile Câmpii</a> în <a href="/wiki/Anii_1920" title="Anii 1920">deceniul precedent</a> a îndepărtat ierburile native, adânc înrădăcinate în mod normal, scăzând <a href="/wiki/Umiditate" title="Umiditate">umiditatea</a> <a href="/wiki/Sol" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Sol">solului</a> și provocând perioade de secetă și <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A2nt" title="Vânt">vânturi</a> puternice. Mecanizarea rapidă a agriculturii, tractoarele și utilizarea la scară largă a <a href="/wiki/Combin%C4%83_de_cereale" title="Combină de cereale">combinelor de cereale</a>, au jucat un rol semnificativ la transformarea <a href="/wiki/P%C4%83%C8%99une" title="Pășune">pășunilor</a> odinioară verzi în câmpuri aride. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istoric">Istoric</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dust_Bowl&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istoric" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dust_Bowl&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Istoric"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>În <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a> au fost înregistrate 14 furtuni de nisip, în <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a> deja 38. Cele mai puternice furtuni au avut loc între <a href="/wiki/Mai" title="Mai">mai</a> <a href="/wiki/1934" title="1934">1934</a> și <a href="/wiki/Aprilie" title="Aprilie">aprilie</a> <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a>. Mase uriașe de sol au fost spulberate de vânt, neîntâmpinând obstacole în preria arată și cu vegetație naturală joasă, parcurgând sub formă de nori negri distanțe lungi până la <a href="/wiki/Oceanul_Atlantic" title="Oceanul Atlantic">Oceanul Atlantic</a>. În anul 1934 aproximativ 40 milioane de hectare de pământ și-a pierdut parțial sau complet orizontul de <a href="/wiki/Humus" title="Humus">humus</a>, ca urmare a eroziunii eoliene. Ziua de <a href="/wiki/14_aprilie" title="14 aprilie">14 aprilie</a> <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a> a fost numită <a href="/w/index.php?title=Duminica_Neagr%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Duminica Neagră — pagină inexistentă">Duminica Neagră</a> din cauza norilor de praf întunecați care au acoperit lumina soarelui. În iarna anului 1934-1935 în <a href="/wiki/New_England" class="mw-redirect" title="New England">New England</a> zăpada a căzut cu mult praf roșu. În rândul populației din prerie, mai ales în <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> și <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>, s-a răspândit <a href="/wiki/Pneumonie" title="Pneumonie">pneumonia de praf</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seceta și <a href="/wiki/Eroziune" class="mw-disambig" title="Eroziune">eroziunea</a> provocate de Dust Bowl au afectat în total 100 milioane de <a href="/wiki/Acru" title="Acru">acri</a> (400.000 km<sup>2</sup>), principalele state afectate fiind <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> și <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> și precum și zonele adiacente din <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> și <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reacția_guvernului"><span id="Reac.C8.9Bia_guvernului"></span>Reacția guvernului</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dust_Bowl&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Reacția guvernului" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dust_Bowl&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Reacția guvernului"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Președintele <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt">Roosevelt</a> a ordonat Corpului Civil de Conservare să planteze Great Plains Shelterbelt, o fâșie imensă de peste 200 de milioane de copaci din Canada până la <a href="/wiki/Abilene,_Texas" title="Abilene, Texas">Abilene, Texas,</a> pentru a opri vântul, a reține apa în sol și a ține solul în loc. Administrația a început, de asemenea, să instruiască fermierii în ceea ce privește conservarea solului și tehnicile anti-eroziune, inclusiv rotația culturilor, cultivarea în benzi, aratul pe contur, terasarea și alte practici agricole îmbunătățite.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În 1937 guvernul federal a început o campanie energică pentru a-i încuraja pe fermierii din zonele afectate de Dust Bowl să adopte metode de însămânțare și arat care să conserve solul. Guvernul a plătit fermierilor reticenți un dolar pe acru pentru a aplica noile metode. Până în 1938 efortul masiv de conservare a redus cantitatea de sol spulberat cu 65%.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În toamna anului 1939, după aproape un deceniu de furtuni de praf, seceta s-a încheiat când precipitațiile regulate au revenit în cele din urmă în regiune. Guvernul a încurajat în continuare utilizarea metodelor de conservare pentru a proteja solul și ecologia Marilor Câmpii. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dust_Bowl&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dust_Bowl&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Campania_de_des%C8%9Belenire_a_lui_Hru%C8%99ciov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Campania de desțelenire a lui Hrușciov — pagină inexistentă">Campania de desțelenire a lui Hrușciov</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dust_Bowl&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dust_Bowl&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu14re/uu14re0n.htm#6.%20the%20ilano%20estacado%20of%20the%20american%20southern%20high%20plains"><i>Regions at Risk: a comparison of threatened environments</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/HTML" class="mw-redirect" title="HTML">HTML</a>)</span>. United Nations University Press. <time datetime="1995">1995</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Regions+at+Risk%3A+a+comparison+of+threatened+environments&rft.pub=United+Nations+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unu.edu%2Funupress%2Funupbooks%2Fuu14re%2Fuu14re0n.htm%236.%2520the%2520ilano%2520estacado%2520of%2520the%2520american%2520southern%2520high%2520plains&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ADust+Bowl" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parametru necunoscut <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessyear=</code> ignorat (posibil, <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|access-date=</code>?) (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>); </span><span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parametru necunoscut <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessmonthday=</code> ignorat (<a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Erori_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Ajutor:Erori CS1">ajutor</a>)</span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><sup>[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Leg%C4%83turi_externe" title="Wikipedia:Legături externe">nefuncțională</a></i> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu14re/uu14re0n.htm"><i>arhivă</i></a>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Federal Writers' Project. <i>Texas</i>. Writers' Program (Tex.): Writers' Program Texas. p. 16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Texas&rft.place=Writers%27+Program+%28Tex.%29&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Writers%27+Program+Texas&rft.au=Federal+Writers%27+Project&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ADust+Bowl" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Buchanan, James Shannon. <i>Chronicles of Oklahoma</i>. Oklahoma Historical Society. p. 224.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronicles+of+Oklahoma&rft.pages=224&rft.pub=Oklahoma+Historical+Society&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=James+Shannon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ADust+Bowl" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto_4-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/dust-bowl-surviving-dust-bowl/">„Timeline: The Dust Bowl | American Experience | PBS”</a>. <i>www.pbs.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2020-10-04">4 octombrie 2020</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pbs.org&rft.atitle=Timeline%3A+The+Dust+Bowl+%26%23124%3B+American+Experience+%26%23124%3B+PBS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Famericanexperience%2Ffeatures%2Fdust-bowl-surviving-dust-bowl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ADust+Bowl" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dust_Bowl&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dust_Bowl&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="color: Black; background:Moccasin;;color:#fdfdfd; background:#000090;" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style="color: Black; background:Moccasin;;color:#fdfdfd; background:#000090;;border:none;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Format:Subiecte_Statele_Unite_ale_Americii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Format:Subiecte Statele Unite ale Americii — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Vizualizare format" style="color: Black; background:Moccasin;;color:#fdfdfd; background:#000090;;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Subiecte_Statele_Unite_ale_Americii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Subiecte Statele Unite ale Americii — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style="color: Black; background:Moccasin;;color:#fdfdfd; background:#000090;;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Subiecte_Statele_Unite_ale_Americii&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style="color: Black; background:Moccasin;;color:#fdfdfd; background:#000090;;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="/wiki/Statele_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Statele Unite ale Americii"><span style="color:#fffdca"> Statele Unite ale Americii </span></a> — <a href="/wiki/Categorie:Americani" title="Categorie:Americani"><span style="color:#fffdca"> Americani </span></a> — <a href="/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză"><span style="color:#fffdca">Limba engleză </span></a> — <a href="/wiki/Engleza_nord-american%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Engleza nord-americană"><span style="color:#fffdca"> Engleza nord-americană </span></a> — <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapelul Statelor Unite ale Americii"><img alt="Drapelul Statelor Unite ale Americii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <p><a href="/wiki/For%C8%9Bele_armate_ale_Statelor_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Forțele armate ale Statelor Unite ale Americii">Apărare</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=List%C4%83_de_localit%C4%83%C8%9Bi_din_Statele_Unite_ale_Americii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Listă de localități din Statele Unite ale Americii — pagină inexistentă">Așezări</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">Capitala</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clima_Statelor_Unite_ale_Americii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clima Statelor Unite ale Americii — pagină inexistentă">Climă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Lista_pre%C8%99edin%C8%9Bilor_Statelor_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Lista președinților Statelor Unite ale Americii">Conducători</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cultura_Statelor_Unite_ale_Americii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cultura Statelor Unite ale Americii — pagină inexistentă">Cultură</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Demografia_Statelor_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Demografia Statelor Unite ale Americii">Demografie</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Drapelul_Statelor_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Drapelul Statelor Unite ale Americii">Drapel</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Economia_Statelor_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Economia Statelor Unite ale Americii">Economie</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Educa%C8%9Bia_%C3%AEn_Statele_Unite_ale_Americii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Educația în Statele Unite ale Americii — pagină inexistentă">Educație</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_Statelor_Unite_ale_Americii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna Statelor Unite ale Americii — pagină inexistentă">Faună</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_Statelor_Unite_ale_Americii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flora Statelor Unite ale Americii — pagină inexistentă">Floră</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Geografia_Statelor_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Geografia Statelor Unite ale Americii">Geografie</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrografia_Statelor_Unite_ale_Americii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hidrografia Statelor Unite ale Americii — pagină inexistentă">Hidrografie</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Istoria_Statelor_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Istoria Statelor Unite ale Americii">Istorie</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Lista_ora%C8%99elor_din_Statele_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Lista orașelor din Statele Unite ale Americii">Orașe</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Politica_Statelor_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Politica Statelor Unite ale Americii">Politică</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C4%83n%C4%83tatea_%C3%AEn_Statele_Unite_ale_Americii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sănătatea în Statele Unite ale Americii — pagină inexistentă">Sănătate</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sportul_%C3%AEn_Statele_Unite_ale_Americii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sportul în Statele Unite ale Americii — pagină inexistentă">Sport</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stema_Statelor_Unite_ale_Americii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stema Statelor Unite ale Americii — pagină inexistentă">Stemă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Subdiviziunile_Statelor_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Subdiviziunile Statelor Unite ale Americii">Subdiviziuni</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  </p> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turismul_%C3%AEn_SUA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turismul în SUA — pagină inexistentă">Turism</a></div> </td> <td class="navbox-image" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="1"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:BEA_regions.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/BEA_regions.png/150px-BEA_regions.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/BEA_regions.png/225px-BEA_regions.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/BEA_regions.png/300px-BEA_regions.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="508" /></a></span> <p>  </p> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="color: Black; background:Moccasin;;" colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Cioturi_SUA" title="Categorie:Cioturi SUA">Cioturi</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Categorie:Formate_SUA" title="Categorie:Formate SUA">Formate</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:United_States" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:United States">Imagini</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Portal:SUA" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:SUA">Portal</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16513826">.mw-parser-output .navbox{margin:0 auto 0}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-image[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-list[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .navbox-group[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-even[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow[style],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-title[style]{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}}</style> <p><br clear="all" /> </p> <div style="text-align:center"> <table class="toc noprint" cellpadding="0" width="95%" cellspacing="2" style="align:center; text-align:center;clear:all;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><span style="display:inline;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="display:inline-block;margin:2px 0px;vertical-align:baseline;border:solid 1px #AAAAAA;border-collapse:collapse;padding:0px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Flag_of_Canada.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/100px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/150px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Canada.svg/200px-Flag_of_Canada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> </th> <th bgcolor="#EEE8AA">Subiecte <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada"><span style="color:#080808;">Canada</span></a> — <a href="/wiki/Categorie:Canadieni" title="Categorie:Canadieni">Canadieni</a> — Limbile <a href="/wiki/Limba_englez%C4%83" title="Limba engleză">engleză</a> și <a href="/wiki/Limba_francez%C4%83" title="Limba franceză">franceză</a> <div style="float:right; width:5em;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Subiecte_Canada" title="Format:Subiecte Canada"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Subiecte_Canada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Subiecte Canada — pagină inexistentă"><span title="Discuție format" style=";">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Subiecte_Canada&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";">m</span></a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:95%"> <p><a href="/wiki/For%C8%9Bele_armate_ale_Canadei" title="Forțele armate ale Canadei">Apărare</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List%C4%83_de_localit%C4%83%C8%9Bi_din_Canada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Listă de localități din Canada — pagină inexistentă">Așezări</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Capitala</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clima_Canadei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clima Canadei — pagină inexistentă">Climă</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=List%C4%83_de_conduc%C4%83tori_ai_Canadei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Listă de conducători ai Canadei — pagină inexistentă">Conducători</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cultura_Canadei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cultura Canadei — pagină inexistentă">Cultură</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Demografia_Canadei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demografia Canadei — pagină inexistentă">Demografie</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Economia_Canadei" title="Economia Canadei">Economie</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Educa%C8%9Bia_%C3%AEn_Canada" title="Educația în Canada">Educație</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_Canadei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna Canadei — pagină inexistentă">Faună</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_Canadei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flora Canadei — pagină inexistentă">Floră</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Geografia_Canadei" title="Geografia Canadei">Geografie</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hidrografia_Canadei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hidrografia Canadei — pagină inexistentă">Hidrografie</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Istoria_Canadei" title="Istoria Canadei">Istorie</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Lista_ora%C8%99elor_din_Canada" title="Lista orașelor din Canada">Orașe</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Politica_Canadei" title="Politica Canadei">Politică</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C4%83n%C4%83tatea_%C3%AEn_Canada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sănătatea în Canada — pagină inexistentă">Sănătate</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sportul_%C3%AEn_Canada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sportul în Canada — pagină inexistentă">Sport</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Steagul_Canadei" class="mw-redirect" title="Steagul Canadei">Steag</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stema_Canadei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stema Canadei — pagină inexistentă">Stemă</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Subdiviziunile_Canadei" title="Subdiviziunile Canadei">Subdiviziuni</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Turismul_%C3%AEn_Canada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turismul în Canada — pagină inexistentă">Turism</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Categorie:Cioturi_Canada" title="Categorie:Cioturi Canada">Cioturi</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/wiki/Categorie:Formate_Canada" title="Categorie:Formate Canada">Formate</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Canada" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Canada">Imagini</a> <span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> •</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Portal:Canada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Portal:Canada — pagină inexistentă">Portal</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adus de la <a dir="ltr" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dust_Bowl&oldid=16093228">https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dust_Bowl&oldid=16093228</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categorii" title="Special:Categorii">Categorii</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:1930_%C3%AEn_Statele_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Categorie:1930 în Statele Unite ale Americii">1930 în Statele Unite ale Americii</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Anii_1930_%C3%AEn_Statele_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Categorie:Anii 1930 în Statele Unite ale Americii">Anii 1930 în Statele Unite ale Americii</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Istoria_Statelor_Unite_dup%C4%83_an" title="Categorie:Istoria Statelor Unite după an">Istoria Statelor Unite după an</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Istoria_Statelor_Unite_ale_Americii_(1918%E2%80%931945)" title="Categorie:Istoria Statelor Unite ale Americii (1918–1945)">Istoria Statelor Unite ale Americii (1918–1945)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Dezastre_naturale_din_statul_Oklahoma" title="Categorie:Dezastre naturale din statul Oklahoma">Dezastre naturale din statul Oklahoma</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Agricultura_%C3%AEn_Canada" title="Categorie:Agricultura în Canada">Agricultura în Canada</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Agricultura_%C3%AEn_Statele_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Categorie:Agricultura în Statele Unite ale Americii">Agricultura în Statele Unite ale Americii</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Istoria_Vestului_Statelor_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Categorie:Istoria Vestului Statelor Unite ale Americii">Istoria Vestului Statelor Unite ale Americii</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Marea_criz%C4%83_economic%C4%83_%C3%AEn_Statele_Unite_ale_Americii" title="Categorie:Marea criză economică în Statele Unite ale Americii">Marea criză economică în Statele Unite ale Americii</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Great_Plains" title="Categorie:Great Plains">Great Plains</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorii ascunse: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Pagini_cu_cit%C4%83ri_ce_folosesc_parametri_necunoscu%C8%9Bi" title="Categorie:Pagini cu citări ce folosesc parametri necunoscuți">Pagini cu citări ce folosesc parametri necunoscuți</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Pagini_cu_leg%C4%83turi_externe_nefunc%C8%9Bionale" title="Categorie:Pagini cu legături externe nefuncționale">Pagini cu legături externe nefuncționale</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ultima editare a paginii a fost efectuată la 10 februarie 2024, ora 21:12.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Acest text este disponibil sub licența <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro">Creative Commons cu atribuire și distribuire în condiții identice</a>; 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