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class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon 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href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-東亞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#東亞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>東亞</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-東亞-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关東亞子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-東亞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-嫡妻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#嫡妻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>嫡妻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-嫡妻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-中國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.1</span> <span>中國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-日本" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#日本"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.2</span> <span>日本</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-日本-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-朝鮮半島" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#朝鮮半島"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>朝鮮半島</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-朝鮮半島-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-琉球" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#琉球"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.4</span> <span>琉球</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-琉球-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-庶妻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#庶妻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>庶妻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-庶妻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-姬侍、外婦" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#姬侍、外婦"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>姬侍、外婦</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-姬侍、外婦-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-嫡子女" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#嫡子女"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>嫡子女</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-嫡子女-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-庶子女" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#庶子女"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>庶子女</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-庶子女-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歐洲" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歐洲"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>歐洲</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-歐洲-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关歐洲子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-歐洲-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-古希臘" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#古希臘"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>古希臘</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-古希臘-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-西亞" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#西亞"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>西亞</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-西亞-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关西亞子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-西亞-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-以色列人" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#以色列人"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>以色列人</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-以色列人-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-猶太教" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#猶太教"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>猶太教</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-猶太教-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他地區" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他地區"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>其他地區</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-其他地區-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关其他地區子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-其他地區-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-泰國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#泰國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>泰國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-泰國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>參见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>參考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>延伸阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">嫡庶</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。3种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-3" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">3种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dishu_system" title="Dishu system – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Dishu system" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%81%EC%84%9C_%EC%A0%9C%EB%8F%84" title="적서 제도 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="적서 제도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AB%A1%E5%AD%90" title="嫡子 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="嫡子" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10944011#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/40px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/60px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/80px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>論述以部分區域為主</b>，未必有<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="Wikipedia:避免地域中心">普世通用</a>的觀點。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請<span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6&action=edit">協助補充內容</a></span>以<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83" title="Wikipedia:避免地域中心">避免偏頗</a>，或<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6" title="Talk:嫡庶">討論</a>本文的問題。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>嫡庶</b>制度是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%A4%AB%E5%A4%9A%E5%A6%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="一夫多妻">一夫多妻</a>制度的一種，各妻子之间的地位不平等，可分為<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%A6%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="正妻">正妻</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BE" title="妾">妾</a>，这种差别就是<a href="/wiki/%E5%AB%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="嫡">嫡</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B6" class="mw-disambig" title="庶">庶</a>之分。嫡是指<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%A6%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="正妻">正妻</a>及其所生子女，庶指正室以外的女性（包括<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BE" title="妾">妾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%A2%E5%A6%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="婢妾">婢妾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E5%A9%A6" title="情婦">情婦</a>等）及其所生子女。在古代<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="中國">中國</a>，嫡庶的差别在<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="宋朝">宋</a>以前比较重要，经<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D" title="元朝">元</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D" title="明朝">明</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清</a>而逐代减弱。在一些嫡庶差別不算很大的時代或家庭裡，妻妾之間會互稱「肩姐妹」。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="東亞"><span id=".E6.9D.B1.E4.BA.9E"></span>東亞</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：東亞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="嫡妻"><span id=".E5.AB.A1.E5.A6.BB"></span>嫡妻</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：嫡妻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%AB%A1%E5%A6%BB" title="嫡妻">嫡妻</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="中國"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E5.9C.8B"></span>中國</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：中國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在古代中国原则上是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%A4%AB%E4%B8%80%E5%A6%BB%E5%A4%9A%E5%A6%BE%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="一夫一妻多妾制">一夫一妻多妾制</a>，正常情况下，一个男子只能有一位正妻，称为嫡妻，中國宋代之前只有<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E5%85%85" class="mw-redirect" title="贾充">贾充</a>等数人因特殊情况得到皇帝许可而有地位相等的左右夫人。正妻在服制、车制等礼仪制度方面与丈夫享受同等待遇與地位<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，比如<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%90%8E" title="皇后">皇后</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%9F%E6%9C%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="翟服">袆衣</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D" title="皇帝">皇帝</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%95%E6%9C%8D" title="冕服">十二章衣</a>，其裨、纽、约、佩、绶等配件便是完全相同的。在宋元之前多数朝代，无特殊许可而有两位正妻的行为，会被处以一年以上<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%92%E5%88%91" class="mw-disambig" title="徒刑">徒刑</a>和相应的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%96%E5%88%91" class="mw-redirect" title="杖刑">杖刑</a>处分，并被强制<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E5%A9%9A" title="离婚">离婚</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，但實際上以妾為妻者不一定受到法律制裁。清朝建立后，由于满洲习俗的渐入，不少男性都有<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A6%BB" title="平妻">平妻</a>。但是在清后期，平妻现象也渐渐减少。男子娶正一般需要娶背景相当的女子，娶亲之时，通过<a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%9A%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="婚書">婚书</a>写明双方家庭门第、嫡庶、年龄等资料。於某些朝代例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="唐代">唐代</a>，如果弄虚作假，娶到不相称的女子，无论女方地位高于还是低于男方，这段婚姻通常都会被强制解除，且追究作假一方的法律责任<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。娶妻的仪式非常隆重，<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="周代">周代</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%A4%A9%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="周天子">周天子</a>娶妻前后历时一年多，<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%B8%E4%BE%AF" title="诸侯">诸侯</a>则超过半年。后世娶妻仪式虽然简化，但仍包括聘书、礼书、迎书等三样文件（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%9B%B8%E5%85%AD%E7%A6%AE" title="三書六禮">三書</a>），经过纳采、问名、纳吉（又称过文定）、纳徵、请期（又称乞日）和亲迎（或迎亲）六个步骤（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%9B%B8%E5%85%AD%E7%A6%AE" title="三書六禮">六禮</a>）。有时男子还须亲自射雁以供<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%A0%E9%9B%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奠雁（页面不存在）">奠雁</a>仪式之用，有些朝代男子需准备诗歌做<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%82%AC%E5%A6%86%E8%AF%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="催妆诗（页面不存在）">催妆诗</a>之用。 </p><p>正妻不能降为妾<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，通常只在犯<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%87%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="七出">七出</a>的情况下才能被休弃，而有些朝代还规定，即使犯七出，但符合以下三个条件的任何一条的，也不能休出（<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%8D%E5%8E%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="三不去">三不去</a>）：第一，经历或主持了公公或者婆婆的丧礼；第二，娶时男方地位不高，后来富贵的，也即是所谓的不去“糟糠之妻”；第三，妻子的家族散亡，假如妻子被休則無家可歸。<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="日本"><span id=".E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC"></span>日本</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：日本"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在古代日本，通常只有上層社會的人才會多妻，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8B%E4%BB%A4%E5%88%B6" title="律令制">律令制</a>實行之前除<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%87%E5%AE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="皇室">皇室</a>外，一夫多妻制是<a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%A6%BB" title="平妻">平妻</a>制，沒有嫡庶之分。律令制後才把最先娶的妻子定為正室，後娶的妻子為妾。由於當時流行<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%AA%E5%A6%BB%E5%A9%9A" title="訪妻婚">訪妻婚</a>，妻妾並不同住，因此初期妻妾地位並沒有明顯區別。至<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%81%98%E5%A8%B6%E5%A9%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="聘娶婚（页面不存在）">聘娶婚</a>盛行後嫡庶區別才變得明顯。嫡子擁有優先繼承父親財產及地位的權利。正妻以外的稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%B4%E5%AE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="側室">側室</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BE" title="妾">妾</a>，但「妾」在現代日語中指非正式結婚而與有婦之夫<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E5%B1%85" title="同居">同居</a>的女性，即<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="漢語">漢語</a>的情婦。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%AE%89%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="平安時代">平安時代</a>貴族的正室稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%A1%E7%B0%BE%E4%B8%AD" title="御簾中">御簾中</a>，側室不可用此稱號。後來大臣、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%81%E5%A4%B7%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%87%E8%BB%8D" title="征夷大將軍">征夷大將軍</a>正室稱為<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%A1%E5%8F%B0%E6%89%80" title="御台所">御台所</a>。至<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%8B%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="日本戰國時代">戰國時代</a>後，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%8D_(%E7%A8%B1%E8%AC%82)" class="mw-redirect" title="大名 (稱謂)">大名</a>正妻也能被稱為御簾中。<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="江戶時代">江戶時代</a>起嚴格的規定了御台所、御簾中等稱呼對象的資格，除<b>御台所</b>成為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="江戶幕府">江戶幕府</a>將軍正室的專用稱呼外，<b>御簾中</b>專用於稱呼地位僅次於<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%B0%87%E8%BB%8D%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="德川將軍家">德川將軍家</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%A1%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%B6" title="御三家">御三家</a>正室的稱呼。而晚於御三家出現的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%A1%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%BF" title="御三卿">御三卿</a>，為和御三家擁有相同地位，御三卿正室亦有資格被稱作御簾中。俸祿在十萬石以上的大名，其正室被稱作「<b>御前樣</b>」，十萬石以下的大名之正妻則稱作「<b>奧方</b>」。其中，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%88%B6%E5%B9%95%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="江戶幕府">江戶幕府</a>將軍之女，若嫁給官位在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%9E%E4%B8%89%E4%BD%8D" title="從三位">從三位</a>以上者為正室，稱「<b>御守殿樣</b>」；若嫁給官位在<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%9B%9B%E4%BD%8D" title="正四位">正四位</a>以下者則稱「<b>御住居樣</b>」。按照嫡庶順序，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AB%A1%E9%95%B7%E5%AD%90" title="嫡長子">嫡長子</a>被視為嗣子，將來繼承將軍地位，出生時的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%B3%E5%90%8D" title="乳名">乳名</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%B9%E5%8D%83%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-disambig" title="竹千代">竹千代</a>也皆由嗣子繼承。 </p><p>御台所自3代將軍正室<a href="/wiki/%E9%B7%B9%E5%8F%B8%E5%AD%9D%E5%AD%90" title="鷹司孝子">鷹司孝子</a>起，多從<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E6%91%84%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="五摄家">五攝家</a>（一條、二條、九條、近衛和鷹司）或皇室迎入，作為朝廷與幕府之間信任的默認。即使是<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6" title="武家">武家</a>出身的御台所，也必須以五攝家養女身份方可輿入<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%A5%A7" title="大奧">大奧</a>（如第13代將軍繼室<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E8%A1%9B%E7%AF%A4%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="近衛篤子">近衛篤子</a>）。但歷史上除了2代將軍德川秀忠正室<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%BA%E4%BA%95%E9%98%BF%E6%B1%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="淺井阿江">淺井阿江</a>之子<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9D%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%89" title="德川家光">德川家光</a>能在長大後繼承將軍地位外，後來的御台所不是無子就是兒子早夭，再沒有將軍親生嫡長子能繼位，於是後來的將軍都是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B6%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="庶子">庶子</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%8E%E7%B9%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="過繼">旁支入繼</a>成為御台所養子繼位，而<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%A5%A7" title="大奧">大奧</a>的實權掌握在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%A5%A7%E7%B8%BD%E5%8F%96%E7%B7%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="大奧總取締">大奧總取締</a>和將軍生母手中，這種情況下御台所由於並非將軍生母，沒有實權，被稱為「將軍家的擺設」。若將軍比御台所本人早逝，御台所也須和側室們一同<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E5%AE%B6" title="出家">落飾</a>，但只有御台所本人可以繼續留在大奧中居住，甚至以其影響力參與幕府政事。另外，為避免與繼任將軍之御台所在稱呼上發生混淆，前任御台所會被尊稱為<b>大御台所</b>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="朝鮮半島"><span id=".E6.9C.9D.E9.AE.AE.E5.8D.8A.E5.B3.B6"></span>朝鮮半島</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：朝鮮半島"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>朝鮮半島方面，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="朝鮮王朝">朝鮮王朝</a>時代嫡庶差別極為嚴格，不同階級的男女不能結為夫妻，階級較低的男性若娶階級較高的女性為妻，是犯了誘拐之罪，該段婚姻亦無效。階級較低的女性若要與階級較高的男性結合，一般只能作妾而不能作妻，正妻死後亦不能扶正，只有極少數例外。<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AE%9A%E7%8E%8B%E5%90%8E" title="文定王后">文定王后</a>兄長<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%B9%E5%85%83%E8%A1%A1" title="尹元衡">尹元衡</a>之妾<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%AD%E8%98%AD%E8%B2%9E" title="鄭蘭貞">鄭蘭貞</a>於正室金氏死後，文定王后准許她升為正妻，封正一品<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9E%E6%95%AC%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" title="貞敬夫人">貞敬夫人</a>，文定王后過世之後，尹元衡被清算，鄭蘭貞的貞敬夫人一爵也被追奪。當時有「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%9E%E6%AF%8D%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="從母法（页面不存在）">從母法</a>」，即子女繼承<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E8%A6%AA" title="母親">母親</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83%E9%9A%8E%E5%B1%A4" title="社會階層">社會階層</a>，只有王族或宗室子女例外。非王族或宗室的庶出子女要把<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B6%E8%A6%AA" title="父親">父親</a>、父親正室和嫡出兄弟姊妹視為主人侍奉，若母親為賤民出身，於家中地位更等同<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B4%E5%A9%A2" title="奴婢">奴婢</a>。 </p><p>國王的嫡子稱<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%90%9B" class="mw-disambig" title="大君">大君</a>，庶子稱<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B" title="君">君</a>；嫡女稱<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E4%B8%BB" title="公主">公主</a>，庶女稱<a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%81%E4%B8%BB" title="翁主">翁主</a>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E4%B8%96%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="王世子">王世子</a>嫡女稱<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A1%E4%B8%BB" title="郡主">郡主</a>，庶女稱<a href="/wiki/%E7%B8%A3%E4%B8%BB_(%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B)" title="縣主 (中國)">縣主</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="琉球"><span id=".E7.90.89.E7.90.83"></span>琉球</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：琉球"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="庶妻"><span id=".E5.BA.B6.E5.A6.BB"></span>庶妻</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：庶妻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BE" title="妾">妾</a></div> <p>除正妻以外的其他合法配偶就是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B6%E5%A6%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="庶妻">庶妻</a>，多称<a href="/wiki/%E5%81%B4%E5%AE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="側室">側室</a>或妾。 </p><p>媵在<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E4%BB%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="周代">周代</a>盛行，周代贵族女子出嫁，需要同族姐妹或姑侄陪嫁，称为<a href="/wiki/%E5%AA%B5" title="媵">媵</a>（正妻的同族陪嫁女子），后世鲜见。 </p><p>妾一般是男子娶地位低于自己的女子，不经过<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E4%B9%A6%E5%85%AD%E7%A4%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="三书六礼">三书六礼</a>，而以較簡單的儀式纳为配偶，称为纳妾。妾也有分等级，狭义上的妾应拥有正式身份，称二房、小妻、如夫人，多为良民出身，也不可以随便买卖，夫死後亦可自行改嫁。宋元以前，妾不能为妻，否则男方可能被处以一年半的徒刑<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。宋元起有男子在正妻去世或休弃之後把妾立為正妻，需要經過一重儀式，稱為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%B6%E6%AD%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="扶正（页面不存在）">扶正</a>。明清时代，嫡庶区分不再森严，把妾扶正的情況更普遍，也有男子买卖妻子的情况出现。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="姬侍、外婦"><span id=".E5.A7.AC.E4.BE.8D.E3.80.81.E5.A4.96.E5.A9.A6"></span>姬侍、外婦</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：姬侍、外婦"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%AC%E4%BE%8D" title="姬侍">姬侍</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E5%AE%A4" title="外室">外室</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E5%A9%A6" title="情婦">情婦</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="中華民國大陸時期">民国</a>之前的中国社会中，會有一些沒有經過正式婚姻儀式，與男主人有性關係、同居的女性。她们多為<a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%A2%E5%A5%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="婢女">婢女</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E4%BC%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="家伎">家伎</a>出身，又稱<a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%AC%E4%BE%8D" title="姬侍">姬侍</a>，广义上也会被稱作妾。 </p><p>唐朝时，婢女出身的姬侍因为身份原因，屬於賤民階級，不能做士人之<a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BE" title="妾">妾</a>。当时，妾和婢女之间有区别，地位不能互换，以婢为妾也是犯律<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，只有在婢女生子以后，才可以立为妾。婢女一類的妾常被買賣或轉贈他人。比如<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%BB%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇軾">蘇軾</a>就曾把兩個已<a href="/wiki/%E6%87%B7%E5%AD%95" class="mw-redirect" title="懷孕">懷孕</a>的非正式妾送人，但其正式妾侍<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%9C%9D%E9%9B%B2" title="王朝雲">王朝雲</a>在繼室<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E9%96%8F%E4%B9%8B" title="王閏之">王閏之</a>死後，於家中地位卻等同正室，只是沒有正妻的名份。另外也有人在外<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%85%E5%85%BB" title="包养">包養</a>良民女子，稱為「外婦」。近似現代的<a href="/wiki/%E6%83%85%E5%A9%A6" title="情婦">情婦</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="嫡子女"><span id=".E5.AB.A1.E5.AD.90.E5.A5.B3"></span>嫡子女</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：嫡子女"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinese_heir.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Chinese_heir.jpg/600px-Chinese_heir.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Chinese_heir.jpg/900px-Chinese_heir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Chinese_heir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="938" data-file-height="348" /></a><figcaption>中国唐代家庭继承顺位示意图，数字表示继承顺序</figcaption></figure> <p>嫡长子具有继承权，狭义的嫡子仅指嫡长子，广义的嫡子指嫡妻所生子女，以下无特殊说明处，嫡子均指嫡妻之子。 </p><p>选择继承人的行为被称作立嫡，唐代立嫡的顺序是：嫡长子最先，嫡长孙次之，其他嫡子再次之，然后按庶子，嫡幼孙，嫡庶孙的顺序往下排。<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。元以后，<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B6%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="庶子">庶子</a>开始享有宗祧、官爵、财产上的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%A7%E6%89%BF%E6%9D%83" class="mw-redirect" title="继承权">继承权</a>，但仍比嫡子低一等。<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>对于宗祧和官爵，“宗”为近祖之庙，“祧”为远祖之庙。一家之中，每一世系只能有一位男性嫡子或其后代享有宗祧继承权。宗祧承继即是对祖先血统的正常继承，同时也决定着财产继承的份额。宗祧和官爵的承继以嫡长子为法定的第一顺序继承人，无嫡长子者立嫡长孙或其后代，若嫡长子无后，以长幼依次按其他嫡子与其后代宗祧庶长子及其后代、其他庶子与其后代的顺序继承。<sup id="cite_ref-JZ8_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JZ8-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JZ9_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JZ9-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%AD%A6%E5%B8%9D" title="汉武帝">汉武帝</a>罢黜百家，独尊<a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="儒術">儒术</a>，提倡<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9D%E9%81%93" class="mw-redirect" title="孝道">孝道</a>；瞻养父母之首选为嫡长子，因此分家时嫡长子可较其余子女多分家产，多分的财产称为“长支财”，一般可达总资产的一半。嫡长子分完长支财后，所余家产再由包括嫡长子在内的诸子均分，且并不分嫡庶。这种继承制为历代法律所规定，并成为中国传统民俗之一部分。<sup id="cite_ref-JZ9_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JZ9-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JZ10_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JZ10-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>与嫡出和庶出的儿子们不同，嫡出和庶出的女儿们在继承权上并无分别，肇因在古代中国，女子多没有继承权。但值得注意的是，中国女子在古代虽不能直接于分家时分得财产，但却可以嫁妆形式间接分得部分家产。自<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%8B" title="南宋">南宋</a>以降的历代法律中，女儿可分得相当于儿子分得的财产的二分之一。<sup id="cite_ref-JZ11_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JZ11-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>因此，古时女儿出嫁时，嫁妆的上限须按当时的家产以假设分家来计算：嫡长子分完长支财后，余财由所有子女再分，诸女均分所得是诸子均分所得之一半。<sup id="cite_ref-JZ12_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JZ12-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>嫁妆不能超过此一上限。<sup id="cite_ref-JZ12_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JZ12-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>例如一户有三子三女，均未成婚，但长女即将出嫁。如此时分家，长子先分完占当时家产一半的长支财，剩下的另一半三子各得九分之二，三女各得九分之一，也即三女各得全部家产的十八分之一，长子分得全部家产的十八分之十一，长子以外的诸子各得全部家产的九分之一。到了近代，随着<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="女性主義">妇女解放运动</a>和平权思想的普及，現在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a>（含<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E6%BE%B3%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80" title="港澳地區">港澳</a>）的法律都也規定了财产均等继承制度，并且把“子”扩展到女儿，各子女具有相等的继承权。但财产继承方面奉行“传男不传女”，仍是为普遍现象。2015年，中国大陆一项对公证遗嘱的调查报告显示<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，大多数被继承人通过遗嘱继承的方式，在生前指定儿子为财产继承人。以规避《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%A7%E6%89%BF%E6%B3%95" class="extiw" title="s:中华人民共和国继承法">中华人民共和国继承法</a>》中，法定继承时，配偶、女儿和儿子享有平等继承权的法律规定。 </p><p>嫡女地位比庶女高，比如皇家嫡出<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E4%B8%BB" title="公主">公主</a>和庶出公主，其封地陪嫁均不相等。贵族或平民百姓家，嫡女出嫁和庶女出嫁，所能选择的对象也不同。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="庶子女"><span id=".E5.BA.B6.E5.AD.90.E5.A5.B3"></span>庶子女</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：庶子女"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B6%E5%87%BA%E5%AD%90%E5%A5%B3" title="庶出子女">庶出子女</a></div> <p>非嫡妻所生子女通常称为庶子女，包括妾所生的子女和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E5%A9%9A%E7%94%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%A5%B3" title="非婚生子女">非婚生子女</a>（称奸生子、私生子），庶子女地位低于嫡子女，历代对其继承权规定不同。身份权利实行<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E5%AD%90%E7%BB%A7%E6%89%BF%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="长子继承制">长子继承制</a>，财产实行<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%B8%E5%AD%90%E5%9D%87%E5%88%86%E5%88%B6" title="诸子均分制">诸子均分制</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E5%A9%A2%E7%94%9F%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="婢生子">婢生子</a>、私生子的财产继承权会次于嫡妻和妾室所生。有些朝代，庶子需要做嫡子的家臣。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歐洲"><span id=".E6.AD.90.E6.B4.B2"></span>歐洲</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：歐洲"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%9D%A3%E6%95%99" title="基督教">基督教</a>傳入前，西方也有一夫多妻制，亦有嫡庶之分。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="古希臘"><span id=".E5.8F.A4.E5.B8.8C.E8.87.98"></span>古希臘</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：古希臘"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98" class="mw-redirect" title="古希臘">古希臘</a>也有納妾（παλλακίς）情況，<sup id="cite_ref-Davidson_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E6%B0%91_(%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公民 (古希臘)（页面不存在）">公民</a>（Polis）常會把女奴納為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B3%A4%E5%A6%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="賤妾（页面不存在）">賤妾</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-#1_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 但當時認為把正妻和賤妾安排住在同一屋簷下是不名譽的事<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。亦有納<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E4%BA%A4%E9%9A%9B%E8%8A%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="古希臘交際花（页面不存在）">交際花</a>（hetaera）為妾<sup id="cite_ref-#1_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。嫡子具有公民身份，庶子則為<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E6%B0%91" title="自由民">自由民</a>（politês）<sup id="cite_ref-Davidson_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davidson-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="西亞"><span id=".E8.A5.BF.E4.BA.9E"></span>西亞</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：西亞"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="以色列人"><span id=".E4.BB.A5.E8.89.B2.E5.88.97.E4.BA.BA"></span>以色列人</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：以色列人"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93" title="聖經">聖經</a>》有不少關於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97%E4%BA%BA" title="以色列人">以色列人</a>納妾的記載，但嫡庶區別不大，出嫁時有攜同<a href="/wiki/%E5%AB%81%E5%A6%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="嫁妝">嫁妝</a>者為嫡妻，無嫁妝者為妾。妾在家庭中地位與正妻相當，嫡子與庶子亦享有同等權利<sup id="cite_ref-JewEncPil_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JewEncPil-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。而<a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%98%E5%A9%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="姘婦">姘妇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E5%AE%A4" title="外室">外室</a>等则没有这种地位。如士师<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E5%BC%97%E4%BB%96" title="耶弗他">耶弗他</a>，因为是妓女所生，得不到异母兄弟们的承认，被赶出家门。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="猶太教"><span id=".E7.8C.B6.E5.A4.AA.E6.95.99"></span>猶太教</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：猶太教"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="猶太教">猶太教</a>之嫡庶制度依據《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%AF%94%E4%BC%A6%E5%A1%94%E6%9C%A8%E5%BE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="巴比伦塔木德">巴比倫塔木德</a>》之規定<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，有正式<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E8%A8%82%E5%A9%9A%E7%A6%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="猶太訂婚禮（页面不存在）">訂婚禮</a>(erusin)的為嫡妻，無訂婚禮的則為妾（希伯萊語：pilegesh，意即「家中的情婦」<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；亞拉姆語：palga isha，意即「半妻」）。只有嫡妻才有<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8C%B6%E5%A4%AA%E5%A9%9A%E6%9B%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="猶太婚書（页面不存在）">婚書</a>（ketubah）。但《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%B6%E8%B7%AF%E6%92%92%E5%86%B7%E5%A1%94%E6%9C%A8%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耶路撒冷塔木德（页面不存在）">耶路撒冷塔木德</a>》則認為妾也應獲得婚書，只是婚書內容不包括離婚後的安排<sup id="cite_ref-JewEncPil_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JewEncPil-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="其他地區"><span id=".E5.85.B6.E4.BB.96.E5.9C.B0.E5.8D.80"></span>其他地區</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：其他地區"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="泰國"><span id=".E6.B3.B0.E5.9C.8B"></span>泰國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：泰國"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="泰國">泰國</a>曾经奉行<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E5%A4%AB%E5%A4%9A%E5%A6%BB%E5%88%B6" title="一夫多妻制">一夫多妻制</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，傳統上有嫡庶之分。正室稱為「<span lang="th">เมียกลางเมือง</span>」，是依據父母之命所娶的妻子。妾（<span lang="th">ภริยาลับ</span>）分為<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%AF%E5%A6%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="良妾（页面不存在）">良妾</a>（<span lang="th">เมียกลางนอก</span>）和賤妾（<span lang="th">เมียกลางทาสี</span>）。良妾指男子娶正室之後所納、且不是購買而來的妾，賤妾是把買的女奴納為妾<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參见"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A7.81"></span>參见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：參见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AB%A1%E9%95%BF%E7%BB%A7%E6%89%BF%E5%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="嫡长继承制">嫡长继承制</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E5%AE%AE" title="後宮">後宮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="妻">妻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A6%BE" title="妾">妾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E" title="后">后</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AB%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-disambig" title="夫人">夫人</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>參考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：參考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%BE%8B%E7%96%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="唐律疏议">唐律疏议</a>·户婚》「妻者，齐也，秦晋为匹。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%BE%8B%E7%96%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="唐律疏议">唐律疏议</a>》：“诸有妻更娶妻者，徒一年；女家减一等。若欺妄而娶者，徒一年半；女家不坐。各离之”。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%BE%8B%E7%96%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="唐律疏议">唐律疏议</a>》：“诸为婚而女家妄冒者，徒一年。男家妄冒，加一等。未成者，依本约；已成者，离之。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%BE%8B%E7%96%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="唐律疏议">唐律疏议</a>》：“诸以妻为妾，徒二年。各还正之。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%BE%8B%E7%96%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="唐律疏议">唐律疏议</a>》：“诸妻无七出及义绝之状，而出之者，徒一年半；虽犯七出，有三不去，而出之者，杖一百。追还合。若犯恶疾及奸者，不用此律”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%BE%8B%E7%96%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="唐律疏议">唐律疏议</a>》：“以妾及客女为妻，徒一年半。各还正之”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%BE%8B%E7%96%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="唐律疏议">唐律疏议</a>》：“诸以婢为妻者，徒二年。以婢为妾者，徒一年半。各还正之。 ”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《唐律疏议》：“无嫡子及有罪疾，立嫡孙；无嫡孙，以次立嫡子同母弟；无母弟，立庶子；无庶子，立嫡孙同母弟；无母弟，立庶孙。曾、玄以下准此。 ”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《唐律疏议》：“诸立嫡违法者，徒一年。即嫡妻年五十以上无子者，得立嫡以长，不以长者亦如之。”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JZ8-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JZ8_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bjgy.chinacourt.gov.cn/article/detail/2016/08/id/2055043.shtml">中国清代的继承制度</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2016年8月10日]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201104040929/http://bjgy.chinacourt.gov.cn/article/detail/2016/08/id/2055043.shtml">存档</a>于2020年11月4日）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%B8%85%E4%BB%A3%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%A7%E6%89%BF%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbjgy.chinacourt.gov.cn%2Farticle%2Fdetail%2F2016%2F08%2Fid%2F2055043.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JZ9-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JZ9_11-0"><sup><b>11.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JZ9_11-1"><sup><b>11.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">王跃生. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pUh1DwAAQBAJ&dq=%E9%95%BF%E5%AD%90%E5%88%86%E4%B9%A0%E4%BF%97&source=gbs_navlinks_s">制度与人口:以中国历史和现实为基础的分析</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82" title="北京市">北京市</a>: 中国社会科学出版社. 2015年9月1日: 753页 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2015年9月1日]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7999008109" title="Special:网络书源/7999008109"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 7999008109</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211012074906/https://books.google.com/books?id=pUh1DwAAQBAJ&dq=%E9%95%BF%E5%AD%90%E5%88%86%E4%B9%A0%E4%BF%97&source=gbs_navlinks_s">存档</a>于2021年10月12日） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到简体中文网页">（简体中文）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6&rft.au=%E7%8E%8B%E8%B7%83%E7%94%9F&rft.btitle=%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6%E4%B8%8E%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%A3%3A%E4%BB%A5%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%92%8C%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E%E4%B8%BA%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%9A%84%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90&rft.date=2015-09-01&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=7999008109&rft.pages=753%E9%A1%B5&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpUh1DwAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%25E9%2595%25BF%25E5%25AD%2590%25E5%2588%2586%25E4%25B9%25A0%25E4%25BF%2597%26source%3Dgbs_navlinks_s&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JZ10-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JZ10_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《大清律例》卷8《户律户役·卑幼私擅用财》：「嫡庶子男，除有官荫袭，先尽嫡长子孙。其分析家财田产，不问妻妾婢生，止以子数均分，奸生之子，依子数量与半分，如别无子，立应继之人为嗣，与奸生子均分，无应继之人，方许承继全分。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JZ11-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JZ11_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%8B" title="南宋">南宋</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8D%E5%85%AC%E6%9B%B8%E5%88%A4%E6%B8%85%E6%98%8E%E9%9B%86" title="名公書判清明集">名公书判清明集</a> ・户婚门》：「在法，父母双亡，儿女分产，女合得男之半。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JZ12-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JZ12_14-0"><sup><b>14.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JZ12_14-1"><sup><b>14.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">田涛. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/%E8%A2%AB%E5%86%B7%E8%90%BD%E7%9A%84%E7%9C%9F%E5%AE%9E.html?id=MExeAAAAIAAJ">被冷落的真实：新山村调查手记</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82" title="北京市">北京市</a>: <a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="法律出版社">法律出版社</a>. 2005年10月1日: 248页 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2005年10月1日]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7503658924" title="Special:网络书源/7503658924"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 7503658924</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到简体中文网页">（简体中文）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6&rft.au=%E7%94%B0%E6%B6%9B&rft.btitle=%E8%A2%AB%E5%86%B7%E8%90%BD%E7%9A%84%E7%9C%9F%E5%AE%9E%EF%BC%9A%E6%96%B0%E5%B1%B1%E6%9D%91%E8%B0%83%E6%9F%A5%E6%89%8B%E8%AE%B0&rft.date=2005-10-01&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=7503658924&rft.pages=248%E9%A1%B5&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%B8%82&rft.pub=%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fabout%2F%25E8%25A2%25AB%25E5%2586%25B7%25E8%2590%25BD%25E7%259A%2584%25E7%259C%259F%25E5%25AE%259E.html%3Fid%3DMExeAAAAIAAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181004144937/http://yancheng.house.qq.com/a/20150610/034725.htm">都是亲生的，为啥房子只传男不传女</a>. 腾讯网. 2015-06-10 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2018-11-20</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yancheng.house.qq.com/a/20150610/034725.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2018-10-04） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到简体中文网页">（简体中文）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6&rft.btitle=%E9%83%BD%E6%98%AF%E4%BA%B2%E7%94%9F%E7%9A%84%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%BA%E5%95%A5%E6%88%BF%E5%AD%90%E5%8F%AA%E4%BC%A0%E7%94%B7%E4%B8%8D%E4%BC%A0%E5%A5%B3&rft.date=2015-06-10&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E8%85%BE%E8%AE%AF%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyancheng.house.qq.com%2Fa%2F20150610%2F034725.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davidson-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Davidson_16-0"><sup><b>16.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davidson_16-1"><sup><b>16.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">James Davidson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780312185596">Courtesans and Fishcakes: The Consuming Passions of Classical Athens</a>. 1998: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780312185596/page/98">98</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-312-18559-6" title="Special:网络书源/0-312-18559-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-312-18559-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6&rft.au=James+Davidson&rft.btitle=Courtesans+and+Fishcakes%3A+The+Consuming+Passions+of+Classical+Athens&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-312-18559-6&rft.pages=98&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780312185596&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-#1-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-#1_17-0"><sup><b>17.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-#1_17-1"><sup><b>17.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">James Davidson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780312185596">Courtesans and Fishcakes: The Consuming Passions of Classical Athens</a>. 1998: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780312185596/page/101">101</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-312-18559-6" title="Special:网络书源/0-312-18559-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-312-18559-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6&rft.au=James+Davidson&rft.btitle=Courtesans+and+Fishcakes%3A+The+Consuming+Passions+of+Classical+Athens&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-312-18559-6&rft.pages=101&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780312185596&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">James Davidson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780312185596">Courtesans and Fishcakes: The Consuming Passions of Classical Athens</a>. 1998: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780312185596/page/98">98</a>–99. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-312-18559-6" title="Special:网络书源/0-312-18559-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 0-312-18559-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6&rft.au=James+Davidson&rft.btitle=Courtesans+and+Fishcakes%3A+The+Consuming+Passions+of+Classical+Athens&rft.date=1998&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=0-312-18559-6&rft.pages=98-99&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780312185596&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JewEncPil-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JewEncPil_19-0"><sup><b>19.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JewEncPil_19-1"><sup><b>19.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Jewish_Encyclopedia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Jewish Encyclopedia（页面不存在）">Template:Jewish Encyclopedia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sanhedrin_(Talmud)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sanhedrin (Talmud)（页面不存在）">Sanhedrin</a></i> 21a</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Lieb, Milton and the culture of violence, p.274, Cornell University Press, 1994</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Agendas for the study of Midrash in the twenty-first century, Marc Lee Raphael, p.136, Dept. of Religion, College of William and Mary, 1999</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nicholas Clapp, Sheba: Through the Desert in Search of the Legendary Queen, p.297, Houghton Mifflin, 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thailawforum.com/articles/familywimol2.html#f15">Family Law of Thailand</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-08-25</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170127015527/http://www.thailawforum.com/articles/familywimol2.html#f15">存档</a>于2017-01-27）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6&rft.btitle=Family+Law+of+Thailand&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thailawforum.com%2Farticles%2Ffamilywimol2.html%23f15&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Law of Husband and Wives B.E. 1904</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thai Family Law: Law of Husband and Wives B.E. 1904</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸阅读"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span>延伸阅读</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AB%A1%E5%BA%B6&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：延伸阅读"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks" style="float: right;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944011" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q10944011"><span 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