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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cables"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Cables </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cables-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suspension_towers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suspension_towers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Suspension towers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suspension_towers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-American_flag" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#American_flag"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 American flag </div> </a> <ul id="toc-American_flag-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Planning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Planning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Planning </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Planning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Construction </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_contracts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_contracts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 First contracts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_contracts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Towers_and_anchorages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Towers_and_anchorages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2 Towers and anchorages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Towers_and_anchorages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cable_spinning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cable_spinning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.3 Cable spinning </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cable_spinning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nearing_completion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nearing_completion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.4 Nearing completion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nearing_completion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1930s_to_1960s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1930s_to_1960s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 1930s to 1960s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1930s_to_1960s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1960s:_Modernization_and_lower_level" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1960s:_Modernization_and_lower_level"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 1960s: Modernization and lower level </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1960s:_Modernization_and_lower_level-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1970s_to_1990s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1970s_to_1990s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 1970s to 1990s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1970s_to_1990s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000s_to_present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000s_to_present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 2000s to present </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000s_to_present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2010s_renovation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010s_renovation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6.1 2010s renovation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010s_renovation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road_connections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road_connections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Road connections </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Road_connections-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Road connections subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Road_connections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-New_Jersey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_Jersey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 New Jersey </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_Jersey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_York" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_York"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 New York </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_York-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternate_routes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternate_routes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Alternate routes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alternate_routes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tolls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tolls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Tolls </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tolls-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Tolls subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Tolls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Historic_toll_rates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historic_toll_rates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Historic toll rates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historic_toll_rates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-motorized_access" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-motorized_access"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Non-motorized access </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-motorized_access-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Incidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Incidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Incidents </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Incidents-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Incidents subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Incidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Suicides_and_deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suicides_and_deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Suicides and deaths </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suicides_and_deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies_and_protests" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies_and_protests"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Controversies and protests </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversies_and_protests-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_incidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_incidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Other incidents </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_incidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 In popular culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">George Washington Bridge</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" > 47 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%86" title="جسر جورج واشنطن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جسر جورج واشنطن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte_George_Washington" title="Ponte George Washington – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ponte George Washington" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corc_Va%C5%9Finqton_k%C3%B6rp%C3%BCs%C3%BC" title="Corc Vaşinqton körpüsü – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Corc Vaşinqton körpüsü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81" title="জর্জ ওয়াশিংটন সেতু – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জর্জ ওয়াশিংটন সেতু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82)" title="Джордж Вашингтон (мост) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джордж Вашингтон (мост)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pont_de_George_Washington" title="Pont de George Washington – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pont de George Washington" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_George_Washingtona" title="Most George Washingtona – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Most George Washingtona" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington-broen" title="George Washington-broen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="George Washington-broen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_Bridge" title="George Washington Bridge – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="George Washington Bridge" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washingtoni_sild" title="George Washingtoni sild – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="George Washingtoni sild" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puente_George_Washington" title="Puente George Washington – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Puente George Washington" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponto_George_Washington" title="Ponto George Washington – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ponto George Washington" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_zubia" title="George Washington zubia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="George Washington zubia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%AA%D9%86" title="پل جرج واشنگتن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پل جرج واشنگتن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pont_George-Washington" title="Pont George-Washington – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pont George-Washington" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droichead_George_Washington" title="Droichead George Washington – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Droichead George Washington" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B0%EC%A7%80_%EC%9B%8C%EC%8B%B1%ED%84%B4_%EA%B5%90" title="조지 워싱턴 교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="조지 워싱턴 교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BB_%D5%8E%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%BB" title="Ջորջ Վաշինգտոնի կամուրջ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջորջ Վաշինգտոնի կամուրջ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jembatan_George_Washington" title="Jembatan George Washington – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jembatan George Washington" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte_George_Washington" title="Ponte George Washington – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ponte George Washington" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A9%D7%A8_%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%27_%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F" title="גשר ג'ורג' וושינגטון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גשר ג'ורג' וושינגטון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AF_%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ჯორჯ ვაშინგტონის ხიდი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯორჯ ვაშინგტონის ხიდი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEord%C5%BEa_Va%C5%A1ingtona_tilts" title="Džordža Vašingtona tilts – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Džordža Vašingtona tilts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_h%C3%ADd" title="George Washington híd – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="George Washington híd" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%86" title="كوبرى جورج واشنطن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كوبرى جورج واشنطن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_Bridge" title="George Washington Bridge – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="George Washington Bridge" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AF%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%B8" title="ジョージ・ワシントン・ブリッジ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョージ・ワシントン・ブリッジ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington-broen" title="George Washington-broen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="George Washington-broen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%B9%D9%86_%D9%BE%D9%84" title="جارج واشنگٹن پل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جارج واشنگٹن پل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_Waszyngtona" title="Most Waszyngtona – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Most Waszyngtona" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ponte_George_Washington" title="Ponte George Washington – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ponte George Washington" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podul_George_Washington" title="Podul George Washington – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Podul George Washington" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Мост Джорджа Вашингтона – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мост Джорджа Вашингтона" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_Bridge" title="George Washington Bridge – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="George Washington Bridge" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_Bridge" title="George Washington Bridge – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="George Washington Bridge" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_D%C5%BEord%C5%BEa_Va%C5%A1ingtona" title="Most Džordža Vašingtona – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Most Džordža Vašingtona" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_Bridge" title="George Washington Bridge – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="George Washington Bridge" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_Bridge" title="George Washington Bridge – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="George Washington Bridge" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulay_ng_George_Washington" title="Tulay ng George Washington – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tulay ng George Washington" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B7%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஜார்ஜ் வாஷிங்டன் பாலம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஜார்ஜ் வாஷிங்டன் பாலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%88_%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="สะพานจอร์จ วอชิงตัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สะพานจอร์จ วอชิงตัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington_K%C3%B6pr%C3%BCs%C3%BC" title="George Washington Köprüsü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="George Washington Köprüsü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Міст Джорджа Вашингтона – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Міст Джорджа Вашингтона" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%A7u_George_Washington" title="Cầu George Washington – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cầu George Washington" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%8D%8E%E7%9B%9B%E9%A1%BF%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5" title="乔治·华盛顿大桥 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="乔治·华盛顿大桥" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%90%E6%B2%BB%E8%8F%AF%E7%9B%9B%E9%A0%93%E5%A4%A7%E6%A9%8B" title="佐治華盛頓大橋 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="佐治華盛頓大橋" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Suspension bridge between New Jersey and New York</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the bridge between Manhattan and New Jersey. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Washington_Bridge_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Washington Bridge (disambiguation)">Washington Bridge</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn org">George Washington Bridge</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Washington_Bridge_from_New_Jersey-edit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/George_Washington_Bridge_from_New_Jersey-edit.jpg/320px-George_Washington_Bridge_from_New_Jersey-edit.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/George_Washington_Bridge_from_New_Jersey-edit.jpg/480px-George_Washington_Bridge_from_New_Jersey-edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/George_Washington_Bridge_from_New_Jersey-edit.jpg/640px-George_Washington_Bridge_from_New_Jersey-edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="738" data-file-height="727" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">The bridge as seen from <a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee,_New_Jersey" title="Fort Lee, New Jersey">Fort Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> in October 2008</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=George_Washington_Bridge&params=40.8517_N_73.9527_W_region:US_type:landmark&title=George+Washington+Bridge">40°51′06″N 73°57′10″W / 40.8517°N 73.9527°W / 40.8517; -73.9527 (George Washington Bridge)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Carries</th><td class="infobox-data"><div><ul><li>14 lanes (8 upper deck, 6 lower deck) of <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/I-95.svg/24px-I-95.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/I-95.svg/36px-I-95.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/I-95.svg/48px-I-95.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/US_1-9.svg/30px-US_1-9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/US_1-9.svg/45px-US_1-9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/US_1-9.svg/60px-US_1-9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="410" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/US_46.svg/24px-US_46.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/US_46.svg/36px-US_46.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/US_46.svg/48px-US_46.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95" title="Interstate 95">I-95</a> / <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_1-9" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Route 1-9">US 1-9</a> (full length) / <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_46" title="U.S. Route 46">US 46</a> (NJ side)</li><li>Upper deck sidewalk (south side): pedestrians and cyclists</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Crosses</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Locale</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee,_New_Jersey" title="Fort Lee, New Jersey">Fort Lee, New Jersey</a>; <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> (<a href="/wiki/Washington_Heights,_Manhattan" title="Washington Heights, Manhattan">Washington Heights, Manhattan</a>), New York, United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other name(s)</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>GWB</li><li>GW</li><li>GW Bridge</li><li>The George</li><li>G-Dub</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data">U.S. President <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maintained by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port Authority of New York and New Jersey">Port Authority of New York and New Jersey</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">Characteristics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Design</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Bridge#Double-decked_bridges" title="Bridge">Double-decked</a> <a href="/wiki/Suspension_bridge" title="Suspension bridge">suspension bridge</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Material</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">Steel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total length</th><td class="infobox-data">4,760 ft (1,450 m)<a href="#cite_note-PANYNJ_Facts-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Width</th><td class="infobox-data">119 ft (36 m)<a href="#cite_note-PANYNJ_Facts-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">604 ft (184 m)<a href="#cite_note-PANYNJ_Facts-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Longest span</th><td class="infobox-data">3,500 ft (1,067 m)<a href="#cite_note-asce-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Clearance_above" class="mw-redirect" title="Clearance above">Clearance above</a></th><td class="infobox-data">14 ft (4.3 m) (upper level), 13.5 ft (4.1 m) (lower level)<a href="#cite_note-PANYNJ-GWBRestrictions-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Air_draft#Clearance_below" title="Air draft">Clearance below</a></th><td class="infobox-data">212 ft (65 m) at mid-span<a href="#cite_note-PANYNJ_Facts-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Othmar_Ammann" title="Othmar Ammann">Othmar Ammann</a> (chief engineer) Edward W. Stearns (assistant chief engineer) Allston Dana (design engineer) <a href="/wiki/Cass_Gilbert" title="Cass Gilbert">Cass Gilbert</a> (architect) <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Case" title="Montgomery Case">Montgomery Case</a> (construction engineer)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction start</th><td class="infobox-data">September 21, 1927; 97 years ago (1927-09-21) (bridge construction/upper level) June 2, 1959; 65 years ago (1959-06-02) (lower level)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opened</th><td class="infobox-data">October 25, 1931; 93 years ago (1931-10-25) (bridge construction/upper level) August 29, 1962; 62 years ago (1962-08-29) (lower level)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">Statistics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Annual_average_daily_traffic" title="Annual average daily traffic">Daily traffic</a></th><td class="infobox-data">289,827 (2016)<a href="#cite_note-nycdot16-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Toll</th><td class="infobox-data">(Eastbound only) As of January 7, 2024:<div><ul><li>Cars $17.63 (Tolls-by-Mail)</li><li>$15.38 for Peak (<a href="/wiki/E-ZPass" title="E-ZPass">E-ZPass</a>)</li><li>$13.38 for Off-peak (E-ZPass)</li><li>(Peak hours: Weekdays: 6–10 a.m., 4–8 p.m.; Sat. & Sun.: 11 a.m. – 9 p.m.)</li></ul></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist">These toll rates: <ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PANYNJ_toll_rates" title="Template:PANYNJ toll rates">view</a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PANYNJ_toll_rates" title="Template talk:PANYNJ toll rates">talk</a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PANYNJ_toll_rates" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PANYNJ toll rates">edit</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">Location</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-lat="40.8517" data-lon="-73.9527" data-overlays="["_d68bff9456856cf4f2961738e318375e1f11a676"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/10/40.8517/-73.9527/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,40.8517,-73.9527,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=George_Washington_Bridge&revid=1259705842&groups=_d68bff9456856cf4f2961738e318375e1f11a676" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,40.8517,-73.9527,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=George_Washington_Bridge&revid=1259705842&groups=_d68bff9456856cf4f2961738e318375e1f11a676 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> The George Washington Bridge is a double-decked <a href="/wiki/Suspension_bridge" title="Suspension bridge">suspension bridge</a> spanning the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a>, connecting <a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee,_New_Jersey" title="Fort Lee, New Jersey">Fort Lee</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bergen_County,_New_Jersey" title="Bergen County, New Jersey">Bergen County, New Jersey</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Heights,_Manhattan" title="Washington Heights, Manhattan">Washington Heights</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, New York City. It is named after <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">United States founding father</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington" title="Presidency of George Washington">country's first president</a>. The George Washington Bridge is the world's busiest <a href="/wiki/Motor_vehicle" title="Motor vehicle">motor vehicle</a> bridge,<a href="#cite_note-BusiestBridgeOnEarth-5">[5]</a> carrying a <a href="/wiki/Traffic" title="Traffic">traffic volume</a> of over 104 million vehicles in 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit">[update]</a>,<a href="#cite_note-GWBWorldsBusiestBridge-6">[6]</a> and is the world's only suspension bridge with 14 vehicular lanes.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> The bridge is owned by the <a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port Authority of New York and New Jersey">Port Authority of New York and New Jersey</a>, a bi-state government agency that operates infrastructure in the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port of New York and New Jersey">Port of New York and New Jersey</a>. The George Washington Bridge is also informally known as the GW Bridge, the GWB, the GW, or the George,<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> and was known as the Fort Lee Bridge or Hudson River Bridge during construction. The George Washington Bridge measures 4,760 feet (1,450 m) long, and its main span is 3,500 feet (1,100 m) long. It was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_suspension_bridges" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest suspension bridges">longest main bridge span in the world</a> from its 1931 opening until the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_Bridge" title="Golden Gate Bridge">Golden Gate Bridge</a> in San Francisco opened in 1937. The George Washington Bridge is an important travel corridor within the <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metropolitan area</a>. It has an upper level that carries four lanes in each direction and a lower level with three lanes in each direction, for a total of 14 lanes of travel. The <a href="/wiki/Speed_limit" title="Speed limit">speed limit</a> on the bridge is 45 mph (72 km/h). The bridge's upper level also carries pedestrian and bicycle traffic. <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95" title="Interstate 95">Interstate 95</a> (I-95) and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_1/9" title="U.S. Route 1/9">U.S. Route 1/9</a> (US 1/9, composed of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_1" title="U.S. Route 1">US 1</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_9" title="U.S. Route 9">US 9</a>) cross the river via the bridge. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_46" title="U.S. Route 46">U.S. Route 46</a> (US 46), which lies entirely within New Jersey, terminates halfway across the bridge at the state border with <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>. At its eastern terminus in New York City, the bridge continues onto the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Manhattan_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans-Manhattan Expressway">Trans-Manhattan Expressway</a> (part of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_New_York" title="Interstate 95 in New York">I-95</a>, connecting to the <a href="/wiki/Cross_Bronx_Expressway" title="Cross Bronx Expressway">Cross Bronx Expressway</a>). The idea of a bridge across the Hudson River was first proposed in 1906, but it was not until 1925 that the <a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">state legislatures</a> of New York and New Jersey voted to allow for the planning and construction of such a bridge. Construction on the George Washington Bridge started in September 1927; the bridge was ceremonially dedicated on October 24, 1931, and opened to traffic the next day. The opening of the George Washington Bridge contributed to the development of <a href="/wiki/Bergen_County,_New_Jersey" title="Bergen County, New Jersey">Bergen County, New Jersey</a>, in which Fort Lee is located. The upper deck was widened from six to eight lanes in 1946. The six-lane lower deck was constructed beneath the existing span from 1959 to 1962 because of increasing traffic. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description">edit</a>]</div> The George Washington Bridge was designed by chief civil engineer <a href="/wiki/Othmar_Ammann" title="Othmar Ammann">Othmar Ammann</a>,<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1925-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Photo_1930-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReier2000100-11">[11]</a> design engineer Allston Dana,<a href="#cite_note-inquirer-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Photo_1930-10">[10]</a> and assistant chief engineer Edward W. Stearns,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERastorfer2000163-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Photo_1930-10">[10]</a> with <a href="/wiki/Cass_Gilbert" title="Cass Gilbert">Cass Gilbert</a> as consulting architect.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERastorfer200043,_163-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESternGilmartinMellins1987679-15">[15]</a> It connects <a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee,_New_Jersey" title="Fort Lee, New Jersey">Fort Lee</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bergen_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Bergen County">Bergen County</a>, New Jersey, with <a href="/wiki/Washington_Heights,_Manhattan" title="Washington Heights, Manhattan">Washington Heights</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, New York.<a href="#cite_note-The_Port_Authority_of_NY_&_NJ_2011-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ingraham_1962-17">[17]</a> The bridge's construction required 113,000 short tons (101,000 long tons; 103,000 t) of fabricated steel; 28,000 short tons (25,000 long tons; 25,000 t) of wire, stretching 106,000 miles (171,000 km); and 20,000 short tons (18,000 long tons; 18,000 t) of masonry.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESternGilmartinMellins1987681-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReier2000100-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decks">Decks</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Decks">edit</a>]</div> The bridge carries 14 lanes of <a href="/wiki/Traffic" title="Traffic">traffic</a>, seven in each direction.<a href="#cite_note-The_Port_Authority_of_NY_&_NJ_2011-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ingraham_1962-17">[17]</a> As such, the George Washington Bridge contains more vehicular lanes than any other suspension bridge and is the world's busiest vehicular bridge.<a href="#cite_note-BusiestBridgeOnEarth-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERastorfer200041-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Busiest_Bridge-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Maag_2019-21">[21]</a> The fourteen lanes of the bridge are split unevenly across two levels: the upper level contains eight lanes while the lower level contains six lanes.<a href="#cite_note-The_Port_Authority_of_NY_&_NJ_2011-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ingraham_1962-17">[17]</a> The upper level opened on October 25, 1931,<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1931-22">[22]</a> and is 90 feet (27 m) wide.<a href="#cite_note-PANYNJ_Facts-1">[1]</a> The upper level originally had six lanes, though two more lanes were added in 1946.<a href="#cite_note-PANYNJ_History-23">[23]</a> Although the lower level was part of the original plans for the bridge, it did not open until August 29, 1962.<a href="#cite_note-Ingraham_1962-17">[17]</a> The upper level has a vertical clearance of 14 feet (4.3 m), and all trucks and other oversize vehicles must use the upper level. Trucks are banned from the lower level, which has a clearance of 13.6 feet (4.1 m). All lanes on both levels are 8 feet 6 inches (2.59 m) wide.<a href="#cite_note-PANYNJ-GWBRestrictions-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Vehicles carrying <a href="/wiki/Hazardous_material" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazardous material">hazardous materials</a> (HAZMATs) are prohibited on the lower level due to its enclosed nature. HAZMAT-carrying vehicles may use the upper level, provided that they conform to strict guidelines as outlined in the Port Authority's "Red Book".<a href="#cite_note-PANYNJ-GWBRestrictions-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crossing_the_Hudson_River_on_the_George_Washington_Bridge_from_Fort_Lee,_New_Jersey_to_Manhattan,_New_York_(7237796950).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Crossing_the_Hudson_River_on_the_George_Washington_Bridge_from_Fort_Lee%2C_New_Jersey_to_Manhattan%2C_New_York_%287237796950%29.jpg/220px-Crossing_the_Hudson_River_on_the_George_Washington_Bridge_from_Fort_Lee%2C_New_Jersey_to_Manhattan%2C_New_York_%287237796950%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Crossing_the_Hudson_River_on_the_George_Washington_Bridge_from_Fort_Lee%2C_New_Jersey_to_Manhattan%2C_New_York_%287237796950%29.jpg/330px-Crossing_the_Hudson_River_on_the_George_Washington_Bridge_from_Fort_Lee%2C_New_Jersey_to_Manhattan%2C_New_York_%287237796950%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Crossing_the_Hudson_River_on_the_George_Washington_Bridge_from_Fort_Lee%2C_New_Jersey_to_Manhattan%2C_New_York_%287237796950%29.jpg/440px-Crossing_the_Hudson_River_on_the_George_Washington_Bridge_from_Fort_Lee%2C_New_Jersey_to_Manhattan%2C_New_York_%287237796950%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>-bound <a href="/wiki/Traffic" title="Traffic">traffic</a> on the upper deck of the bridge</figcaption></figure>There are two sidewalks on the upper span of the bridge, one on each side.<a href="#cite_note-PANYNJ_Bike_Ped-26">[26]</a> The northern sidewalk was largely closed after the September 11 attacks;<a href="#cite_note-Higgs_2023_y635-27">[27]</a> it reopened in 2017 while a temporary suicide prevention fence was installed on the southern sidewalk, in preparation for the installation of permanent fences on both sidewalks.<a href="#cite_note-CBSNewYork-SuicideFence-2017-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Krisel_2017-29">[29]</a> Prior to 2023, pedestrians had to traverse a total of 171 steps while using the northern sidewalk. As part of a renovation, the steps were replaced by a ramp, and two viewing platforms were added.<a href="#cite_note-Higgs_2023_y635-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Beck-Aden_2023_m782-30">[30]</a> As of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit">[update]</a>, the northern sidewalk is closed at night.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> The George Washington Bridge has a total length of 4,760 feet (1,450 m), while its main span is 3,500 feet (1,100 m) long.<a href="#cite_note-PANYNJ_Facts-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESternGilmartinMellins1987681-18">[18]</a> Accounting for the height of the lower deck, the bridge stretches 212 feet (65 m) above mean high water at its center,<a href="#cite_note-PANYNJ_Facts-1">[1]</a> and 195 feet (59 m) above mean high water under the New York anchorage.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> The bridge's main span was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_suspension_bridges" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest suspension bridges">longest main bridge span in the world</a> at the time of its opening in 1931, and was nearly double the 1,850 feet (560 m) of the previous recordholder, the <a href="/wiki/Ambassador_Bridge" title="Ambassador Bridge">Ambassador Bridge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Carmody_1981-34">[34]</a> It held this title until the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_Bridge" title="Golden Gate Bridge">Golden Gate Bridge</a> in 1937.<a href="#cite_note-asce-2">[2]</a> Prior to the bridge's construction, engineers had believed that a suspension span's length was a large indicator of a suspension bridge's economic feasibility, but the bridge's completion proved that longer suspension bridges were both physically and economically feasible.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReier2000100–101-35">[35]</a> The George Washington Bridge's total width is 119 feet (36 m).<a href="#cite_note-PANYNJ_Facts-1">[1]</a> When the upper deck was built, it was only 12 feet (3.7 m) thick without any stiffening <a href="/wiki/Truss" title="Truss">trusses</a> on the sides, resulting in a deck weighing 1,100 pounds per square foot (5,400 kg/m2) and a length-to-thickness ratio of about 350 to 1.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERastorfer200059,_61-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReier2000101-37">[37]</a> At the time of the George Washington Bridge's opening, most long suspension spans had stiffening trusses on their sides, and spans generally had a length-to-thickness ratio of 60 to 1, which translated to a weight of 13,000 to 14,000 pounds per square foot (63,000 to 68,000 kg/m2) and a thickness equivalent to an 11-story building.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERastorfer200063-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReier2000100–101-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Billington_1985-39">[39]</a> During the planning process, Ammann designed the deck around the "deflection theory", an as-yet-unconfirmed assumption that a longer suspension deck did not need to be as stiff in proportion to its length, because the weight of the longer deck itself would provide a counterweight against the deck's movement. This had been tested by <a href="/wiki/Leon_Moisseiff" title="Leon Moisseiff">Leon Moisseiff</a> when he designed the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Bridge" title="Manhattan Bridge">Manhattan Bridge</a> in 1909, though it was less than half the length of the George Washington Bridge.<a href="#cite_note-Billington_1985-39">[39]</a> Stiffening trusses were ultimately excluded from the George Washington Bridge's design to save money; instead, a system of <a href="/wiki/Plate_girder" class="mw-redirect" title="Plate girder">plate girders</a> was installed under the upper deck. This provided the stiffening that was necessary for the bridge deck, and it was replicated on the lower deck during its construction. The plate-girders underneath each deck, combined with an open-truss design on the bridge's side that connected the decks with each other, resulted in an even stiffer span that was able to resist torsional forces.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERastorfer200063-38">[38]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cables">Cables</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cables">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DETAIL_SHOWING_SADDLE_FOR_HOLDING_CABLE_TOGETHER_JUST_BEFORE_IT_SPLAYS_APART_INTO_ANCHORAGE_BAY,_NEW_JERSEY_END_-_George_Washington_Bridge,_Spanning_Hudson_River_between_HAER_NY,31-NEYO,161-62.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/DETAIL_SHOWING_SADDLE_FOR_HOLDING_CABLE_TOGETHER_JUST_BEFORE_IT_SPLAYS_APART_INTO_ANCHORAGE_BAY%2C_NEW_JERSEY_END_-_George_Washington_Bridge%2C_Spanning_Hudson_River_between_HAER_NY%2C31-NEYO%2C161-62.tif/lossy-page1-220px-thumbnail.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/DETAIL_SHOWING_SADDLE_FOR_HOLDING_CABLE_TOGETHER_JUST_BEFORE_IT_SPLAYS_APART_INTO_ANCHORAGE_BAY%2C_NEW_JERSEY_END_-_George_Washington_Bridge%2C_Spanning_Hudson_River_between_HAER_NY%2C31-NEYO%2C161-62.tif/lossy-page1-330px-thumbnail.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/DETAIL_SHOWING_SADDLE_FOR_HOLDING_CABLE_TOGETHER_JUST_BEFORE_IT_SPLAYS_APART_INTO_ANCHORAGE_BAY%2C_NEW_JERSEY_END_-_George_Washington_Bridge%2C_Spanning_Hudson_River_between_HAER_NY%2C31-NEYO%2C161-62.tif/lossy-page1-440px-thumbnail.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3552" /></a><figcaption>Detail of main cables in New Jersey anchorage</figcaption></figure> Four 3-foot (0.91 m)-diameter main cables support the bridge deck.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReier2000100-11">[11]</a> Each main cable contained 61 strands, with each strand made of 434 individual wires, for a total of 26,474 wires per main cable, and 105,986 in all. The cables are covered by a sheath of weather-resistant steel.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERastorfer200049-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-Skinner_1931-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Eddy_1930-42">[42]</a> The upper bridge deck is held by vertical suspender wires attached directly to the main cables by saddle connections; the lower deck is supported by girders attached to the upper.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERastorfer200050-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1927-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brooklyn_Daily_Eagle_1927-45">[45]</a> The main cables are anchored in concrete on both sides of the bridge, in a purpose-built anchorage on the New York side and bored and set directly into the cliffs of <a href="/wiki/The_Palisades_(Hudson_River)" title="The Palisades (Hudson River)">the Palisades</a> on the New Jersey side.<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1929-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERastorfer200057-47">[47]</a> Originally, the end of each cable was supposed to receive one of several ornamental designs, such as a wing, fin, tire, or statue; cost-savings after the start of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> in 1929 preempted the flourishes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERastorfer200057–59-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suspension_towers">Suspension towers</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Suspension towers">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GWB_illuminated_2023-02-20_(2).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/GWB_illuminated_2023-02-20_%282%29.png/220px-GWB_illuminated_2023-02-20_%282%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/GWB_illuminated_2023-02-20_%282%29.png/330px-GWB_illuminated_2023-02-20_%282%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/GWB_illuminated_2023-02-20_%282%29.png/440px-GWB_illuminated_2023-02-20_%282%29.png 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>George Washington Bridge towers illuminated for President's Day 2023</figcaption></figure>The suspension towers on each side of the river are each 604 feet (184 m) tall.<a href="#cite_note-PANYNJ_Facts-1">[1]</a> They are composed of sections weighing between 37 and 40 short tons (33 and 36 long tons) and contain a combined 475,000 <a href="/wiki/Rivet" title="Rivet">rivets</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERastorfer200045-49">[49]</a> Each bridge has two archways, one above and one below the decks.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReier2000100-11">[11]</a> The George Washington Bridge is classified as a <a href="/wiki/Fracture_critical_bridge" title="Fracture critical bridge">fracture critical bridge</a>, making it vulnerable to collapse if parts of the towers were to fail, although the towers are located offshore.<a href="#cite_note-Overberg_2024-50">[50]</a> The original design called for the towers to be encased in concrete and <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Revival_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Revival architecture">Revival</a> style, similar to the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge" title="Brooklyn Bridge">Brooklyn Bridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERastorfer200045-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESternGilmartinMellins1987679-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1926-51">[51]</a> Additional scrutiny of the proposed bridge's engineering found that the steel alone could support the towers,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERastorfer200043-52">[52]</a> with only a decorative stone <a href="/wiki/Facade" class="mw-redirect" title="Facade">facade</a> being retained in the plan.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <a href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">Elevators</a> to carry sightseers to restaurants and observatory proposed decks at the top of each tower were also all pared from the design.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESternGilmartinMellins1987679-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReier2000103–104-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1929-46">[46]</a> Ultimately, even stone facades were postponed in 1929 during the Great Depression due to rising material costs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERastorfer200043,_45-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-Richman-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stern_p._679;_Reier_p._104-58">[58]</a> Even though the steel towers had been left that way for cost reasons, some aesthetic critiques of the bare steel towers were favorable.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_p._679;_Reier_p._104-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-Richman-57">[57]</a> Several groups, such as the <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Steel_Construction" title="American Institute of Steel Construction">American Institute of Steel Construction</a>, believed that covering the steel framework with masonry would be both misleading and "fundamentally ugly".<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> While the exposed steel towers' design was negatively received by a few critics such as <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Hood" title="Raymond Hood">Raymond Hood</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_A._Boring" title="William A. Boring">William A. Boring</a>, the public reception at the bridge's opening was generally positive.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESternGilmartinMellins1987681-18">[18]</a> The Swiss-French architect <a href="/wiki/Le_Corbusier" title="Le Corbusier">Le Corbusier</a> wrote of the towers: "The structure is so pure, so resolute, so regular that here, finally, steel architecture seems to laugh."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERastorfer200041,_43-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-Carmody_1981-34">[34]</a> Milton MacKaye wrote in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a> that the George Washington Bridge had established Ammann as "one of the immortals of bridge engineering and design, a genius."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESternGilmartinMellins1987682-61">[61]</a> Ammann never incorporated masonry towers in his bridge plans again.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERastorfer200045-49">[49]</a> He wrote that the "sturdy appearance and well-balanced distribution of steel in the columns and bracing" gave the bridge's towers "a good appearance, a neat appearance".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESternGilmartinMellins1987679-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReier2000104–105-62">[62]</a> Over time, the exposed steel towers, with their distinctive criss-crossed bracing, became one of the George Washington Bridge's most identifiable characteristics.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERastorfer200049-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-asce-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_flag">American flag</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: American flag">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Washington_Bridge_with_flag.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/George_Washington_Bridge_with_flag.JPG/240px-George_Washington_Bridge_with_flag.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/George_Washington_Bridge_with_flag.JPG/360px-George_Washington_Bridge_with_flag.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/George_Washington_Bridge_with_flag.JPG/480px-George_Washington_Bridge_with_flag.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1563" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>The George Washington Bridge's flag, the world's largest, is hung on special occasions</figcaption></figure> Since 1947 or 1948,<a href="#cite_note-64">[a]</a> the bridge has flown the world's largest free-flying <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">American flag</a> on special occasions. Hung inside the arch of the New Jersey tower, it measures 90 feet (27 m) long, 60 feet (18 m) wide, and 450 pounds (200 kg).<a href="#cite_note-Berkowitz_1989-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Port_Authority_of_NY_&_NJ_2011-16">[16]</a> Until 1976, the flag was taken out of a garage in New Jersey and manually erected on national holidays. During the United States' <a href="/wiki/Bicentennial_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicentennial of the United States">bicentennial</a>, a mechanical hoisting system was installed, and the flag was stored along the bridge's girders when not in use.<a href="#cite_note-Berkowitz_1989-63">[63]</a> When weather allows,<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey_2006-66">[65]</a> it is hoisted on <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Day" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Day">Martin Luther King Jr. Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presidents_Day_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidents Day (United States)">Presidents Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Day" title="Memorial Day">Memorial Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flag_Day_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag Day in the United States">Flag Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(United_States)" title="Independence Day (United States)">Independence Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/Labor_Day" title="Labor Day">Labor Day</a>, <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Day" title="Columbus Day">Columbus Day</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Veterans_Day_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Veterans Day (United States)">Veterans Day</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The_Port_Authority_of_NY_&_NJ_2011-16">[16]</a> Since 2006, the flag is also flown on September 11 of each year, honoring those lost in the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey_2006-66">[65]</a> On events where the flag is flown, the tower lights are lit from <a href="/wiki/Dusk" title="Dusk">dusk</a> until 11:59 p.m.<a href="#cite_note-PANYNJ_Facts-1">[1]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> The bridge sits near the sites of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Washington_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Washington (New York)">Fort Washington</a> (in New York) and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee_Historic_Park#Fort_Lee_(American_Revolutionary_War)" title="Fort Lee Historic Park">Fort Lee</a> (in New Jersey), which were fortified positions used by General <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a> and his American forces as they attempted to deter the <a href="/wiki/New_York_and_New_Jersey_campaign#Capture_of_New_York_City" title="New York and New Jersey campaign">occupation of New York City</a> in 1776 during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>. Unsuccessful, Washington evacuated <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> by ferrying his army between the two forts.<a href="#cite_note-ASCE_News_2018-67">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[b]</a> By the end of the 19th century there were more than 200 separate municipalities along the lower Hudson River and the New York Bay, with no unified agency to control commerce or transport in the area<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReier200095-70">[68]</a> and no fixed crossing. The first was proposed in 1888 by civil engineer <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Lindenthal" title="Gustav Lindenthal">Gustav Lindenthal</a>, who later became New York City's bridge commissioner.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESternGilmartinMellins1987675-71">[69]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Hudson_and_Manhattan_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudson and Manhattan Railroad">Hudson and Manhattan Railroad</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Railroad" title="Pennsylvania Railroad">Pennsylvania Railroad</a> opened three pairs of tubes under the lower Hudson in the 1900s.<a href="#cite_note-Cudahy-Hudson-72">[70]</a> The first vehicular crossing across the lower Hudson River, the <a href="/wiki/Holland_Tunnel" title="Holland Tunnel">Holland Tunnel</a>, was opened in 1927, connecting <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a> with <a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Planning">Planning</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Planning">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2021-06-06_10_31_05_View_north_along_I-95,_US_1_and_US_9_and_east_along_US_46_(Bergen-Passaic_Expressway)_towards_the_eastbound_George_Washington_Bridge_from_the_overpass_for_NJ_Route_445_(Palisades_Parkway)_in_Fort_Lee,_Bergen_County,_New_Jersey_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/2021-06-06_10_31_05_View_north_along_I-95%2C_US_1_and_US_9_and_east_along_US_46_%28Bergen-Passaic_Expressway%29_towards_the_eastbound_George_Washington_Bridge_from_the_overpass_for_NJ_Route_445_%28Palisades_Parkway%29_in_Fort_Lee%2C_Bergen_County%2C_New_Jersey_2.jpg/240px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/2021-06-06_10_31_05_View_north_along_I-95%2C_US_1_and_US_9_and_east_along_US_46_%28Bergen-Passaic_Expressway%29_towards_the_eastbound_George_Washington_Bridge_from_the_overpass_for_NJ_Route_445_%28Palisades_Parkway%29_in_Fort_Lee%2C_Bergen_County%2C_New_Jersey_2.jpg/360px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/2021-06-06_10_31_05_View_north_along_I-95%2C_US_1_and_US_9_and_east_along_US_46_%28Bergen-Passaic_Expressway%29_towards_the_eastbound_George_Washington_Bridge_from_the_overpass_for_NJ_Route_445_%28Palisades_Parkway%29_in_Fort_Lee%2C_Bergen_County%2C_New_Jersey_2.jpg/480px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2369" /></a><figcaption>George Washington Bridge looking east from <a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee,_New_Jersey" title="Fort Lee, New Jersey">Fort Lee, New Jersey</a></figcaption></figure> A vehicular bridge across the Hudson River was being considered as early as 1906, during the planning for the Holland Tunnel.<a href="#cite_note-New_York_Sun_1919-75">[73]</a> Three possible locations for a suspension bridge were considered in the vicinity of 57th, 110th, and 179th Streets in Manhattan,<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> with others rejected on the grounds of aesthetics, geography, or traffic flows.<a href="#cite_note-New_York_Sun_1919-75">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a> In 1920, English architect <a href="/wiki/Alfred_C._Bossom" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred C. Bossom">Alfred C. Bossom</a> proposed a double-decker bridge with room for vehicular and railroad traffic near 57th Street in <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown Manhattan</a>. The same year, Othmar Ammann and Gustav Lindenthal proposed a vehicular and railroad bridge to 57th Street in Manhattan, topped by an office building on the Manhattan end that would have been the world's tallest.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESternGilmartinMellins1987675,_677-78">[76]</a> Lindenthal's plan failed because it did not receive permits from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">United States Army Corps of Engineers</a> or approval from the city, and because Midtown Manhattan real estate developers and planners opposed the plan. Ammann unsuccessfully attempted to convince Lindenthal to build his bridge elsewhere, without a tower atop the bridge's terminus.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESternGilmartinMellins1987677-79">[77]</a> In January 1924, the New York State Chamber of Commerce voted against the 57th Street location in favor of another upstream.<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a> Despite this, Lindenthal proposed that a bridge be built there, and carry 16 railroad tracks and 12 lanes of automotive traffic.<a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> Meanwhile, Ammann became chief engineer of the <a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port Authority of New York and New Jersey">Port of New York Authority</a> (now the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey), which was created in 1921 to oversee commerce and transport along the lower Hudson River and New York Bay.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReier200095-70">[68]</a> He had disassociated himself from Lindenthal's proposal by 1923, conducting his own studies on the feasibility of a bridge from 178th Street in Fort Washington, Manhattan, to Fort Lee in New Jersey.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESternGilmartinMellins1987677-79">[77]</a> Ammann's advocacy for the Fort Washington–Fort Lee bridge gained support from both New Jersey governor <a href="/wiki/George_Silzer" class="mw-redirect" title="George Silzer">George Silzer</a> and New York governor <a href="/wiki/Alfred_E._Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred E. Smith">Alfred E. Smith</a> by mid-1923.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReier200095-70">[68]</a> <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESternGilmartinMellins1987677-79">[77]</a> In May 1924, Colonel <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Stuart_Greene" title="Frederick Stuart Greene">Frederick Stuart Greene</a>, the New York Superintendent of Public Works, announced a plan to construct a suspension bridge between Fort Lee and Fort Washington. At that location, both sides were surrounded by steep cliffs (<a href="/wiki/The_Palisades_(Hudson_River)" title="The Palisades (Hudson River)">The Palisades</a> on the New Jersey side, and <a href="/wiki/Washington_Heights,_Manhattan" title="Washington Heights, Manhattan">Washington Heights</a> on the New York side). Thus, it was possible to build the bridge without either impeding maritime traffic or requiring lengthy approach ramps from ground level.<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> A New Jersey state assemblyman introduced a bill for the Hudson River bridge that December.<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a> This bill was passed in the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_General_Assembly" title="New Jersey General Assembly">New Jersey Assembly</a> in February 1925.<a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a> After an initial rejection by Silzer, the Assembly made modifications before passing the bill again in March,<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> after which Silzer signed the bill.<a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> Around the same time, the New York state legislature was also considering a similar bill.<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1925-9">[9]</a> A dispute developed between New York civic groups, who supported the construction of the Hudson River Bridge; and the Parks Conservation Association, who believed that the bridge towers would degrade the quality of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Washington_Park_(Manhattan)" title="Fort Washington Park (Manhattan)">Fort Washington Park</a> directly underneath the proposed bridge's deck.<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> In late March 1925, the chairman of the Parks Conservation Association noted that the proposed New York state legislation would provide for the actual construction of the bridge, rather than just the planning.<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> Ultimately, the Hudson River bridge bill was passed in the New York state legislature, and Smith approved the bill that April.<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Washington_Bridge_NY.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/George_Washington_Bridge_NY.JPG/240px-George_Washington_Bridge_NY.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/George_Washington_Bridge_NY.JPG/360px-George_Washington_Bridge_NY.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/George_Washington_Bridge_NY.JPG/480px-George_Washington_Bridge_NY.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of the bridge surrounded by cliffs on either side</figcaption></figure> In March 1925, Silzer asked Ammann to devise preliminary plans for the Hudson River bridge. Ammann found that the width of the Hudson River decreased by more than 1,000 feet (300 m) when it passed between Fort Lee and Fort Washington. The ledges of Fort Lee and Fort Washington were respectively 300 and 200 feet (91 and 61 m) above mean water level at this point, which was not only ideal geography for a suspension bridge, but also allowed the bridge to be high enough to give sufficient clearance for maritime traffic.<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1925-9">[9]</a> However, the differing heights meant that a large cut had to be made through the Fort Lee ledge so that the bridge approach could be built there.<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1925_2-91">[89]</a> The same month, the New Jersey legislature asked for funds for test bores to determine if the geological strata would support the bridge.<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1925-9">[9]</a> In response to continuing concerns from park preservationists, Ammann stated that placing the New York suspension tower anywhere else would make the bridge look asymmetrical, which he believed was a worse outcome than placing the tower within the park.<a href="#cite_note-92">[90]</a> The states conducted a study in mid-1925, which found that the Hudson River bridge would be able to pay for itself in twenty-five years if a 50-cent toll were to be placed on every vehicle.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESternGilmartinMellins1987679-15">[15]</a> After funding was secured, surveyors began examining feasible sites for the future bridge's approaches in August 1925. By law, the New York end of the Hudson River Bridge could only be constructed between 178th and 185th Streets, and the New Jersey end had to be built directly across the river.<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1925_2-91">[89]</a> Geologists made 300-foot (91 m) test bores on the New Jersey side to determine if the site was feasible for laying foundations for the bridge.<a href="#cite_note-popmech-93">[91]</a> Othmar Ammann was hired as the bridge's chief engineer.<a href="#cite_note-Richman-57">[57]</a> In Ammann's original plans for the bridge, which had been published in March 1925, he had envisioned that the bridge would contain two sidewalks; a roadway that could carry up to 8,000 vehicles per hour; and space for four railroad tracks, in case the two <a href="/wiki/North_River_Tunnels" title="North River Tunnels">North River railroad tunnels</a> downstream exceeded their train capacity.<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1925-9">[9]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cass_Gilbert" title="Cass Gilbert">Cass Gilbert</a> was hired in January 1926 to design architectural elements for the Hudson River bridge, including the suspension towers. The bridge design had yet to be finalized, and its cost could not even be estimated at that point due to the complexity of factors.<a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> Gilbert released preliminary sketches of the Hudson River bridge that March; by then, the architect had decided that the span would be a <a href="/wiki/Suspension_bridge" title="Suspension bridge">suspension bridge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1926-51">[51]</a> The sketch accompanied a feasibility report that Ammann and other engineers presented to the Port of New York Authority, which was to operate the bridge. The central span was to be 3,500 feet (1,100 m) long, longer than any other suspension bridge in existence at the time, and 200 feet above mean high water. The bridge would initially carry four lanes of vehicular traffic and sidewalk lanes; the plans called for three additional phases of expansion, culminating in an eight-lane bridge deck with four rapid-transit tracks underneath. The span would be supported by two towers, each 650 feet (200 m) tall.<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1926_2-95">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESternGilmartinMellins1987677-79">[77]</a> There would also be space to build a second deck in the future below the main deck.<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1928-96">[94]</a> Ammann's team also found that the most feasible location for the bridge was at 179th Street in Manhattan (as opposed to 181st or 175th Streets). This was both because the 179th Street location was more aesthetically appealing than the other two locations, and because a 179th Street bridge would be cheaper and shorter in length than a bridge at either of the other streets.<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1926_2-95">[93]</a> At this point in the planning process, the Hudson River bridge's estimated cost was $40 million<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1926-51">[51]</a> or $50 million.<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1926_2-95">[93]</a> Because of the proposed bridge's length, engineers also had to test the strength of materials, including suspension cables, that were to be used in the span.<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReier2000101-37">[37]</a> Ammann's research department constructed scale models of various designs for the bridge and tested them in <a href="/wiki/Wind_tunnel" title="Wind tunnel">wind tunnels</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReier2000101-37">[37]</a> By late 1926, one engineer predicted that construction on the Hudson River bridge would start the following summer.<a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a> In December 1926, the final plans for the bridge were approved by the public<a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a> and by the War Department.<a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a> The Port Authority planned to sell off $50 million worth of <a href="/wiki/Bond_(finance)" title="Bond (finance)">bonds</a> to pay for the bridge, and the initial $20 million bond issue was sold that December.<a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a> Further issues arose when the New Jersey Assembly passed a bill in March 1927, which increased the New Jersey governor's power to veto Port Authority contracts. Smith, the New York governor, and Silzer, the now-former New Jersey governor who had been appointed Port Authority chairman, both objected to the bill since the Port Authority had been intended as a bi-state venture.<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a> Afterward, the then-current New Jersey governor <a href="/wiki/A._Harry_Moore" title="A. Harry Moore">A. Harry Moore</a> worked with legislators to revise the legislation.<a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a> The revised law was ultimately not a significant deviation from the Port Authority's practice at the time, wherein the Port Authority was already submitting its contracts to New Jersey government for review.<a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Construction">Construction</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Construction">edit</a>]</div> The George Washington Bridge's construction employed three teams of workers: one each for the New Jersey tower, the New York tower, and the deck.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReier2000102-107">[105]</a> The construction process was relatively safe, although twelve or thirteen workers died during its construction.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESternGilmartinMellins1987681-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReier2000102-107">[105]</a> Of these, three were killed when the foundation for the New Jersey tower flooded; a fourth worker was killed by a blast at the New Jersey anchorage; and the others died because of their own carelessness, according to Port Authority records.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReier2000102-107">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="First_contracts">First contracts</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: First contracts">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Washington_Bridge_NYC_full_span_from_Hudson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/George_Washington_Bridge_NYC_full_span_from_Hudson.jpg/220px-George_Washington_Bridge_NYC_full_span_from_Hudson.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/George_Washington_Bridge_NYC_full_span_from_Hudson.jpg/330px-George_Washington_Bridge_NYC_full_span_from_Hudson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/George_Washington_Bridge_NYC_full_span_from_Hudson.jpg/440px-George_Washington_Bridge_NYC_full_span_from_Hudson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The bridge, looking south at sunset from the New York side of the Hudson River</figcaption></figure> In April 1927, the Port Authority opened the first bids for the construction of the Hudson River bridge. It was specifically seeking bids for the construction of the New Jersey suspension tower's foundation.<a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a> The Manhattan suspension anchorage's location was still undecided at this time.<a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a> A bid for the New Jersey tower was awarded later that month.<a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a> In May, the Port Authority opened more bids for the construction of the bridge's approaches and anchorage on the New Jersey side.<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a> Dredging operations on the Hudson River, which would allow large ships to pass underneath the bridge, also started that May.<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a> By late August, the Port Authority had started condemning plots of land for the bridge's approaches.<a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a> <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Case" title="Montgomery Case">Montgomery B. Case</a>, the bridge's chief construction engineer,<a href="#cite_note-114">[112]</a> began construction on the Hudson River bridge on September 21, 1927, with <a href="/wiki/Groundbreaking" title="Groundbreaking">groundbreaking</a> ceremonies held at the sites of both future suspension towers.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-HudsonGroundbreaking-1927-115">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a> Each tower was to have a base with a perimeter measuring 89 by 98 feet (27 by 30 m), and descending 80 feet into the riverbed. The riverbed around the towers' sites was <a href="/wiki/Dredging" title="Dredging">dredged</a> first, and then steel <a href="/wiki/Deep_foundation" title="Deep foundation">pilings</a> were placed in the riverbed to create a watertight <a href="/wiki/Cofferdam" title="Cofferdam">cofferdam</a>. The cofferdams for the bridge were the largest ever built at the time.<a href="#cite_note-Skinner_1931-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brooklyn_Daily_Eagle_1928-117">[115]</a> In early October of that year, the Port Authority received bids for the construction of the bridge deck. There were two main methods being considered for the span's construction: the cheaper "wire-cable" method and the more expensive "<a href="/wiki/Eyebar" title="Eyebar">eyebar</a>" method.<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brooklyn_Daily_Eagle_1927-45">[45]</a> The wire-cable method, where the vertical suspender wires are attached directly to the main cables and the deck directly, would require a stiffening truss to support the deck. The eyebar method, where the suspender wires are attached to a chain of eyebars (metal bars with holes in them), would be self-supporting.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERastorfer200049-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a> Ultimately, the Port Authority chose the wire-cable design because of costs, and it awarded the contract for constructing the deck to <a href="/wiki/John_A._Roebling" title="John A. Roebling">John A. Roebling</a> Sons' Company.<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1927-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brooklyn_Daily_Eagle_1927-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERastorfer200049-40">[40]</a> The corresponding contract for manufacturing the steel was awarded to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=McClintic-Marshall_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="McClintic-Marshall Company (page does not exist)">McClintic-Marshall Company</a> [<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15834635#sitelinks-wikipedia" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q15834635">Wikidata</a>].<a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a> The first serious accident during the bridge's construction occurred in December 1927, when three men drowned while working in a <a href="/wiki/Caisson_(engineering)" title="Caisson (engineering)">caisson</a> on the New Jersey side.<a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Towers_and_anchorages">Towers and anchorages</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Towers and anchorages">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Under_GWB_Pillars.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Under_GWB_Pillars.jpg/240px-Under_GWB_Pillars.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Under_GWB_Pillars.jpg/360px-Under_GWB_Pillars.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Under_GWB_Pillars.jpg/480px-Under_GWB_Pillars.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2672" /></a><figcaption>The Manhattan suspension tower, seen from below</figcaption></figure> Bids for the Manhattan suspension tower were advertised in March 1928.<a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a> At this point, 64% of the total projected worth of construction contracts had been awarded. The piers that provided foundation for the New Jersey suspension tower and approaches were being constructed.<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1928-96">[94]</a> The cliffs on both sides of the river were high enough that only minimal bridge approaches were required on either side. The towers' foundations could reach at most 190 feet (58 m) below mean low water, where the foundations would hit a layer of solid rock.<a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a> In May 1928, builders started drilling a 50-foot-deep (15 m) cut through the Palisades on the New Jersey side so that the Hudson River bridge approach could be built.<a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a> By June 1928, half of the money earned during the previous year's $20 million bond sale had been spent on construction.<a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a> By that October, nearly all blasting operations had been completed. The suspension tower on the New Jersey side had been constructed to a height of 250 feet (76 m), and the tower on the New York side was progressing as well.<a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a> The suspension towers consisted of 13 segments, each of which were almost 50 feet high.<a href="#cite_note-Skinner_1931-41">[41]</a> The New York anchorage required 370,000 short tons (330,000 long tons; 340,000 t) of <a href="/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete">concrete</a>, being freestanding, while the New Jersey anchorage was blasted into the Palisades.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESternGilmartinMellins1987681-18">[18]</a> By March 1929, the concrete structure of the New York anchorage had been completed, three months ahead of schedule. The anchorage on the New Jersey side, which had been fully bored, consisted of two holes that had been bored 250 feet into the face of the Palisades. On the New Jersey side, 225,000 cubic yards (172,000 m3) of rock had to be blasted out to make way for the New Jersey approach. The suspension towers were nearly complete at the time of the report; only 100 feet of each tower's height remained to be built. Anchors were being placed in the two holes that were being drilled for the New Jersey anchorage, and this task was also nearing completion.<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1929-46">[46]</a> In April, the Port Authority acquired the last of the properties that were in the path of the bridge's Manhattan approach.<a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a> Plans for the Manhattan approach were approved by the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Board_of_Estimate" title="New York City Board of Estimate">New York City Board of Estimate</a> around the same time. The approach was to consist of scenic, meandering ramps leading to both <a href="/wiki/Riverside_Drive_(Manhattan)" title="Riverside Drive (Manhattan)">Riverside Drive</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson_Parkway" title="Henry Hudson Parkway">Henry Hudson Parkway</a>, which run along the eastern bank of the Hudson River at the bottom of the cliff in Washington Heights. The bridge would also connect to 178th and 179th Streets, at the top of Washington Heights. A third connection would be made to an underground highway running between and parallel to 178th and 179th Streets; this connection would become the <a href="/wiki/178th%E2%80%93179th_Street_Tunnels" title="178th–179th Street Tunnels">178th–179th Street Tunnels</a>, and would later be replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Manhattan_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans-Manhattan Expressway">Trans-Manhattan Expressway</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-BeautifyHudson-1929-128">[126]</a> The original plan for the approach to the underground highway stated that the approach would be made using a monumental stone viaduct descending from the span at a 2.2% gradient.<a href="#cite_note-Brooklyn_Daily_Eagle_1928-117">[115]</a> The Port Authority started evicting residents in the approach's path in October 1929.<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a> The same month, the Port Authority sold the final $30 million in bonds to pay for the bridge.<a href="#cite_note-130">[128]</a> The plans for the Hudson River bridge's Fort Lee approach were also changed in January 1930. Originally, the bridge would have terminated in a <a href="/wiki/Traffic_circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Traffic circle">traffic circle</a>,<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1930-131">[129]</a> a type of intersection design that was <a href="/wiki/List_of_traffic_circles_in_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of traffic circles in New Jersey">being built around New Jersey</a> during the 1920s and 1930s.<a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a> However, the revised plans called for a grade-separated highway approach that would connect to a traffic "distributing basin" with ramps to nearby highways.<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1930-131">[129]</a> The total cost of land acquisition for the bridge approaches on both sides of the Hudson River exceeded $10 million.<a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cable_spinning">Cable spinning</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cable spinning">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DETAIL_SHOWING_SUSPENDER_CABLE_AND_SADDLE_-_George_Washington_Bridge,_Spanning_Hudson_River_between_Manhattan_and_Fort_Lee,_NJ,_New_York,_New_York_County,_NY_HAER_NY,31-NEYO,161-29.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/DETAIL_SHOWING_SUSPENDER_CABLE_AND_SADDLE_-_George_Washington_Bridge%2C_Spanning_Hudson_River_between_Manhattan_and_Fort_Lee%2C_NJ%2C_New_York%2C_New_York_County%2C_NY_HAER_NY%2C31-NEYO%2C161-29.tif/lossy-page1-220px-thumbnail.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/DETAIL_SHOWING_SUSPENDER_CABLE_AND_SADDLE_-_George_Washington_Bridge%2C_Spanning_Hudson_River_between_Manhattan_and_Fort_Lee%2C_NJ%2C_New_York%2C_New_York_County%2C_NY_HAER_NY%2C31-NEYO%2C161-29.tif/lossy-page1-330px-thumbnail.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/DETAIL_SHOWING_SUSPENDER_CABLE_AND_SADDLE_-_George_Washington_Bridge%2C_Spanning_Hudson_River_between_Manhattan_and_Fort_Lee%2C_NJ%2C_New_York%2C_New_York_County%2C_NY_HAER_NY%2C31-NEYO%2C161-29.tif/lossy-page1-440px-thumbnail.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3572" /></a><figcaption>A close up view of a vertical suspender cable, which is connected to the larger main cable with what is called a "saddle"</figcaption></figure> After the towers were completed, two temporary catwalks were built between the two suspension towers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERastorfer200055-134">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-Skinner_1931-41">[41]</a> Then, workers began laying the bridge's four main cables, a series of thick cables that stretch between the tops of the two towers and carry what would later become the upper deck. The first strand of the first main cable was hoisted between both towers in July 1929, in a ceremony attended by the governors of both states and the mayors of New York City and Fort Lee.<a href="#cite_note-135">[133]</a> The two temporary catwalks allowed workers to spin the wires for the main cables on-site.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERastorfer200055-134">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a> The wires for the cables were spun by dozens of reels at a dock near the base of the New York anchorage; each reel contained 30 miles of wire at any given time.<a href="#cite_note-Eddy_1930-42">[42]</a> A total of 105,986 wires were used in the bridge when it was completed.<a href="#cite_note-Skinner_1931-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Eddy_1930-42">[42]</a> By February 1930, the bridge was halfway complete; since construction was two months ahead of schedule, the bridge was scheduled to open in early 1932. A team of 350 men was spinning the wires for each of the 36-inch-wide (91 cm) main cables, which were 22% complete. In addition, the builders had started ordering steel for the deck.<a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a> By April, the spinning of the main cables was half complete.<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> The first main cable was completed in late July 1930,<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1930_2-139">[137]</a> and the other three main cables were completed that August,<a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a> with the laying of the last wire being marked by a ceremony.<a href="#cite_note-Photo_1930-10">[10]</a> The spinning of the main cables had taken ten months in total.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERastorfer200057-47">[47]</a> After the main cables were laid, workers spun the suspender wires that connected the main cables with the deck. When it was finished, the system of cables would support 90,000 short tons (80,000 long tons) of the deck's weight, though the cables would be strong enough to carry 350,000 short tons (310,000 long tons), four times as much weight.<a href="#cite_note-141">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-Eddy_1930-42">[42]</a> The construction of a lower deck for rail usage was postponed, since the start of the Depression meant that there would not be enough railroad traffic to justify the construction of such a deck in the near future.<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1959-142">[140]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nearing_completion">Nearing completion</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Nearing completion">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:186px;max-width:186px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:137px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Exhibit_2_of_the_%221930_Agreement%22_between_the_Port_of_New_York_Authority_and_the_City_of_New_York.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Exhibit_2_of_the_%221930_Agreement%22_between_the_Port_of_New_York_Authority_and_the_City_of_New_York.jpg/184px-Exhibit_2_of_the_%221930_Agreement%22_between_the_Port_of_New_York_Authority_and_the_City_of_New_York.jpg" decoding="async" width="184" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Exhibit_2_of_the_%221930_Agreement%22_between_the_Port_of_New_York_Authority_and_the_City_of_New_York.jpg/276px-Exhibit_2_of_the_%221930_Agreement%22_between_the_Port_of_New_York_Authority_and_the_City_of_New_York.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Exhibit_2_of_the_%221930_Agreement%22_between_the_Port_of_New_York_Authority_and_the_City_of_New_York.jpg/368px-Exhibit_2_of_the_%221930_Agreement%22_between_the_Port_of_New_York_Authority_and_the_City_of_New_York.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4732" data-file-height="3532" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">An aerial image included as Exhibit 2 of the "1930 Agreement" between the Port of New York Authority and the City of New York</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:137px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Exhibit_No._3_of_the_%221930_Agreement%22_between_the_Port_of_New_York_Authority_and_the_City_of_New_York.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Exhibit_No._3_of_the_%221930_Agreement%22_between_the_Port_of_New_York_Authority_and_the_City_of_New_York.jpg/200px-Exhibit_No._3_of_the_%221930_Agreement%22_between_the_Port_of_New_York_Authority_and_the_City_of_New_York.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Exhibit_No._3_of_the_%221930_Agreement%22_between_the_Port_of_New_York_Authority_and_the_City_of_New_York.jpg/300px-Exhibit_No._3_of_the_%221930_Agreement%22_between_the_Port_of_New_York_Authority_and_the_City_of_New_York.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Exhibit_No._3_of_the_%221930_Agreement%22_between_the_Port_of_New_York_Authority_and_the_City_of_New_York.jpg/400px-Exhibit_No._3_of_the_%221930_Agreement%22_between_the_Port_of_New_York_Authority_and_the_City_of_New_York.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5735" data-file-height="3957" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">An exhibit in the "1930 Agreement" between the Port of New York Authority and the City of New York depicts a roadway connection over Riverside Drive</div></div></div></div></div> An agreement between the Port of New York Authority and the City of New York, dated July 29, 1930, was formed to convey property and property easements granted in relation to the New York Approach to the then Hudson River Bridge.<a href="#cite_note-143">[141]</a> That month, the Port Authority opened the bidding process for contracts to build the Hudson River bridge's approaches on the New York side. These included contracts for the 178th–179th Street Tunnels and the Riverside Drive connection.<a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a> The tunnel contracts were awarded later that month.<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1930_2-139">[137]</a> In August, the bidding process for the Fort Lee approaches was opened.<a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a> Bids for the Riverside Drive connection were received the following month.<a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a> Prior to and during construction, the bridge was unofficially known as the "Hudson River Bridge" or "Fort Lee Bridge".<a href="#cite_note-Maeder_2011-147">[145]</a> The Hudson River Bridge Association started seeking suggestions for the bridge's official name in October 1930. Residents of New York and New Jersey were encouraged to send naming choices to the association, which would then forward the suggestions to the Port Authority.<a href="#cite_note-148">[146]</a> According to ballot voting submitted to the Port Authority, the "Hudson River Bridge" name was the most popular choice.<a href="#cite_note-Maeder_2011-147">[145]</a> The Port Authority preferred the name "George Washington Memorial Bridge", which had been proposed by a board member, and still others championed the name "Palisades Bridge".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESternGilmartinMellins1987679-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReier2000103-149">[147]</a> However, the Port Authority formally adopted the "George Washington" name on January 13, 1931, honoring the general and future president's evacuation of Manhattan at the bridge's location during the Revolutionary War.<a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a> This was described as potentially confusing, since there was already a "<a href="/wiki/Washington_Bridge_(Harlem_River)" title="Washington Bridge (Harlem River)">Washington Bridge</a>" connecting 181st Street with <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">the Bronx</a>, directly across Manhattan from the "George Washington Bridge" across the Hudson River.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESternGilmartinMellins1987677-79">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a> Shortly afterward, the Port Authority Board of Commissioners voted to reconsider the renaming of the Hudson River Bridge, stating that it was open to alternate names.<a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a> Hundreds of naming choices had been submitted by this time.<a href="#cite_note-153">[151]</a> The most popular naming choices were those of Washington, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a>, and Hudson River namesake <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson">Henry Hudson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-154">[152]</a> The span was again officially named for George Washington in April 1931.<a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a> This decision was applauded by then-congressman <a href="/wiki/Fiorello_La_Guardia" title="Fiorello La Guardia">Fiorello La Guardia</a>, who felt that other options "insulted the memory of our first President and encouraged the Reds".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESternGilmartinMellins1987679-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReier2000103-149">[147]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edgewater_north_1931.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Edgewater_north_1931.jpg/220px-Edgewater_north_1931.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Edgewater_north_1931.jpg/330px-Edgewater_north_1931.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Edgewater_north_1931.jpg/440px-Edgewater_north_1931.jpg 2x" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="552" /></a><figcaption>View of the bridge looking north from <a href="/wiki/Edgewater,_New_Jersey" title="Edgewater, New Jersey">Edgewater, New Jersey</a>, early 1931</figcaption></figure> The system of <a href="/wiki/Girder" title="Girder">girders</a> to support the deck was installed throughout 1930, and the last girder was installed in late December 1930.<a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a> In March 1931, the Port Authority announced that the Hudson River Bridge was set to open later that year, rather than in 1932 as originally planned. At that time, the Port Authority had opened bids for paving the road surface.<a href="#cite_note-158">[156]</a> Later that month, the agency published a report, which stated that the bridge's early opening date was attributable to how quickly and efficiently the various materials had been transported.<a href="#cite_note-159">[157]</a> In June 1931, forty bankers became the first people to cross the bridge.<a href="#cite_note-160">[158]</a> Work was progressing quickly on the bridge approaches in New Jersey,<a href="#cite_note-161">[159]</a> and the New York City government was considering building another bridge between Manhattan and the Bronx (the <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton_Bridge" title="Alexander Hamilton Bridge">Alexander Hamilton Bridge</a>) to connect with the George Washington Bridge.<a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a> Bids for constructing tollbooths and floodlight towers were opened in July 1931.<a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1930s_to_1960s">1930s to 1960s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 1930s to 1960s">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JesterCoverGWBridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/JesterCoverGWBridge.jpg/220px-JesterCoverGWBridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/JesterCoverGWBridge.jpg/330px-JesterCoverGWBridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/JesterCoverGWBridge.jpg/440px-JesterCoverGWBridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="1269" /></a><figcaption>The cover of the November 1931 edition of the <a href="/wiki/Jester_of_Columbia" title="Jester of Columbia">Jester of Columbia</a>, the humor magazine at <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">Columbia University</a>, celebrating the opening of the George Washington Bridge</figcaption></figure> The George Washington Bridge was dedicated on October 24, 1931, and the bridge opened to traffic on October 25, 1931, eight months ahead of schedule.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReier2000105-164">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1931-22">[22]</a> The opening ceremony, attended by 30,000 guests, was accompanied by a show from military airplanes, as well as speeches from politicians including <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Foster_Larson" title="Morgan Foster Larson">Morgan Foster Larson</a>, the governor of New Jersey, and <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a>, the governor of New York. The first people to cross the George Washington Bridge were reportedly two elementary school students who roller-skated across the bridge from the New York side.<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1931-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReier2000105–106-165">[163]</a> Pedestrians were allowed to walk the length of the George Washington Bridge between 6 p.m. and 11 p.m. The bridge was formally opened to traffic the next day.<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1931_2-166">[164]</a> The Port Authority collected tolls for drivers who used the bridge in either direction; as with the Holland Tunnel, the toll was set at 50 cents for passenger cars, with different toll rates for other vehicle types.<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1931_2-166">[164]</a> Pedestrians paid a toll of 10 cents each, which was lowered to 5 cents in 1934.<a href="#cite_note-167">[165]</a> Within the first 24 hours of the George Washington Bridge's official opening, 56,312 cars used the span, as well as 100,000 pedestrians (including those who had walked across after the ceremony).<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1931_2-166">[164]</a> The Port Authority reported that 33,540 pedestrians crossed the bridge on the first day, of which 20,000 paid a toll to cross.<a href="#cite_note-The_Port_Authority_of_NY_&_NJ_2011-16">[16]</a> During the George Washington Bridge's construction, the cost of the bridge was estimated at $75 million,<a href="#cite_note-168">[166]</a> and the bridge was expected to carry eight million vehicles and 1.5 million pedestrians in its first year.<a href="#cite_note-popmech-93">[91]</a> When the George Washington Bridge opened, it was estimated that eight million vehicles would use the bridge in its first year, and that the bridge could ultimately carry 60 million vehicles annually after a second deck was added. The bridge's final cost was estimated at $60 million.<a href="#cite_note-169">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERastorfer200039-170">[168]</a> Real-estate speculators believed that the bridge's construction would raise real-estate values in Fort Lee, since the borough's residents would be able to more easily access New York City. During the construction of the George Washington Bridge, speculators spent millions of dollars to buy land around the bridge's New Jersey approach.<a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a> The bridge was later credited with helping raise land prices and encouraging residential development in formerly agricultural parts of Bergen County. It also spurred the rise of the trucking industry along the United States' East Coast, supplanting much of the freight railroads that used to carry cargo.<a href="#cite_note-Hanley_1981-172">[170]</a> In the George Washington Bridge's first week of operation, the bridge carried 116,265 vehicles, compared to the Holland Tunnel's 173,010 vehicles, despite the fact that the tunnel had fewer lanes than the bridge did. During that time span, 56,000 pedestrians used the bridge.<a href="#cite_note-173">[171]</a> A week after the bridge opened, the 10-lane tollbooth was expanded to 14 lanes because of heavy weekend traffic volumes.<a href="#cite_note-174">[172]</a> During its first year, the George Washington Bridge saw 5.5 million vehicular crossings and nearly 500,000 pedestrian crossings.<a href="#cite_note-175">[173]</a> Traffic counts on the George Washington Bridge grew year after year. By the time of the bridge's tenth anniversary in 1941, the span had been used by 72 million vehicles total, including a record 9.1 million vehicles in 1940.<a href="#cite_note-176">[174]</a> On February 22, 1932, George Washington's 200th birthday, the Port Authority planted 70 red oak trees along an approach to the bridge.<a href="#cite_note-177">[175]</a> <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Route_4" title="New Jersey Route 4">New Jersey Route 4</a>, which connected directly to the bridge's western end, opened in July 1932.<a href="#cite_note-178">[176]</a> The 178th–179th Street Tunnels, which connected <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Avenue_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Amsterdam Avenue (Manhattan)">Amsterdam Avenue</a> on the eastern side of Manhattan to the bridge's eastern end on the west side of Manhattan, were supposed to be completed in late 1932.<a href="#cite_note-179">[177]</a> Direct approaches to Riverside Drive and the Hudson River Parkway were completed in 1937,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESternGilmartinMellins1987681-18">[18]</a> and the tunnels were completed in 1938–1939. A ramp eastward from the bridge and southward to the <a href="/wiki/Harlem_River_Drive" title="Harlem River Drive">Harlem River Drive</a> was also completed around this time.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1939-07-23-180">[178]</a> The bridge's westbound entrance ramp from <a href="/wiki/Fort_Washington_Avenue" title="Fort Washington Avenue">Fort Washington Avenue</a>, at the top of the cliff on the Manhattan side, opened in April 1939;<a href="#cite_note-181">[179]</a> another approach in New Jersey had opened by July 1939.<a href="#cite_note-nyt-1939-07-23-180">[178]</a> The corresponding eastbound exit ramp, as well as the 178th Street Tunnel, opened in June 1940, while the 179th Street Tunnel opened in 1950.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19400626-182">[180]</a> In May 1935, a court ruled that the New Jersey and New York governments controlled their respective sides of the bridge.<a href="#cite_note-183">[181]</a> The bridge was initially lit by 200 lights to provide warning to pilots flying at night.<a href="#cite_note-184">[182]</a> The Port Authority enacted a photography ban during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in the 1940s.<a href="#cite_note-185">[183]</a> An <a href="/wiki/Aviation_obstruction_lighting" title="Aviation obstruction lighting">aviation obstruction light</a> was installed in 1936 as a memorial to <a href="/wiki/Will_Rogers" title="Will Rogers">Will Rogers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-186">[184]</a> Additionally, from May 1942 to May 1945, the lights on the bridge were shut off at night as a precautionary measure. After the war ended, the lights were turned back on, but the photography ban was upheld.<a href="#cite_note-187">[185]</a> In August 1946, the bridge's towers were repainted.<a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a> The underside of the bridge was also repainted in May of the following year.<a href="#cite_note-189">[187]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GWBridgeUSSNautilus.agr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/GWBridgeUSSNautilus.agr.jpg/220px-GWBridgeUSSNautilus.agr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/GWBridgeUSSNautilus.agr.jpg/330px-GWBridgeUSSNautilus.agr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/GWBridgeUSSNautilus.agr.jpg/440px-GWBridgeUSSNautilus.agr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2670" data-file-height="1811" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/USS_Nautilus_(SSN-571)" title="USS Nautilus (SSN-571)">USS Nautilus</a> passes under the bridge in 1956, when the bridge had only a single deck</figcaption></figure> Originally, the George Washington Bridge's deck consisted of six lanes, with an unpaved center median. In 1946, the median was paved over and two more lanes were created on the upper level, widening it from six lanes to eight lanes.<a href="#cite_note-PANYNJ_History-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERastorfer200039-170">[168]</a> The two center lanes on the upper level served as <a href="/wiki/Reversible_lane" title="Reversible lane">reversible lanes</a>, which could handle traffic in either direction, depending on which direction had the greater traffic flow.<a href="#cite_note-Riverdale_Press_1962-190">[188]</a> In November 1950, workers began to tighten the bridge's suspender ropes after almost 20 years of being in place; the project was completed by 1951.<a href="#cite_note-191">[189]</a> New ramps onto the Henry Hudson Parkway were opened in late 1953,<a href="#cite_note-192">[190]</a> followed by the ramps with the Palisades Interstate Parkway in December 1954.<a href="#cite_note-193">[191]</a> In addition, the barrier system on the bridge was adjusted in mid-1954, and new navigational signs were added to assist motorists.<a href="#cite_note-194">[192]</a> In 1955, the lighting system on the deck was replaced.<a href="#cite_note-195">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960s:_Modernization_and_lower_level">1960s: Modernization and lower level</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 1960s: Modernization and lower level">edit</a>]</div> Construction of the lower deck, as well as the construction of a new bus terminal and other highway connections near the bridge, were recommended in a 1955 study that suggested improvements to the New York City area's highway system. The lower deck was approved by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">U.S. Army Corps of Engineers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-196">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-Little_Falls_Herald_1960-197">[195]</a> A Bergen County leader voted against the construction of the lower level in 1956, temporarily delaying construction plans.<a href="#cite_note-198">[196]</a> The New York City Planning Commission approved the George Washington Bridge improvement in June 1957,<a href="#cite_note-199">[197]</a> and the Port Authority allocated funds to the improvement that July.<a href="#cite_note-200">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stengren_1960-201">[199]</a> The $183 million project included the construction of the lower deck; the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Manhattan_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans-Manhattan Expressway">George Washington Bridge Expressway</a>, a 12-lane expressway connecting to the Alexander Hamilton Bridge and the <a href="/wiki/Cross_Bronx_Expressway" title="Cross Bronx Expressway">Cross Bronx Expressway</a> (later <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_New_York" title="Interstate 95 in New York">I-95</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_9_in_New_York" title="U.S. Route 9 in New York">US 9</a>); the <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Bridge_Bus_Station" title="George Washington Bridge Bus Station">George Washington Bridge Bus Station</a> above the expressway; and a series of new ramps to and from the Henry Hudson Parkway.<a href="#cite_note-Stengren_1960-201">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tarrytown_Daily_News_1962-202">[200]</a> On the New Jersey side, two depressed toll plazas, one in each direction, were to be constructed for lower level traffic.<a href="#cite_note-Little_Falls_Herald_1960-197">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tarrytown_Daily_News_1962-202">[200]</a> Highway connections were also being built on the New Jersey side, including a direct approach from <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95_in_New_Jersey" title="Interstate 95 in New Jersey">I-95</a>.<a href="#cite_note-203">[201]</a> Construction of the approaches started in September 1958.<a href="#cite_note-Riverdale_Press_1962-190">[188]</a> Work on the lower level itself started on June 2, 1959,<a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1959-142">[140]</a> but work was briefly halted later that year because of a lack of steel.<a href="#cite_note-204">[202]</a> By February 1960, construction was underway on the lower level; the supporting steelwork for the future deck had been completed, and the sections for the lower deck were being installed.<a href="#cite_note-Stengren_1960-201">[199]</a> The George Washington Bridge's lower deck would comprise 75 steel slabs; each slab weighed 220 tons and measured 108 feet (33 m) wide by 90 feet (27 m) feet long, with a thickness of 30 feet (9.1 m). The construction of the slabs proceeded from either side of the bridge.<a href="#cite_note-Riverdale_Press_1962-190">[188]</a> The right-of-way for the George Washington Bridge Expressway had been almost entirely cleared except for the ventilation buildings for the 178th–179th Street Tunnels.<a href="#cite_note-Stengren_1960-201">[199]</a> During construct The segments of the lower deck had been laid completely by September 1960, at which point workers started pouring the concrete for the deck's roadway, a process that took five weeks.<a href="#cite_note-205">[203]</a> The layer of concrete measured 4 inches (10 cm) thick.<a href="#cite_note-Riverdale_Press_1962-190">[188]</a> Finally, the deck was paved over with a 2.5-inch (6.4 cm) layer of asphalt.<a href="#cite_note-206">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-Riverdale_Press_1962-190">[188]</a> New ramps to the George Washington Bridge in New Jersey, including from the newly completed I-95, opened in mid-1962.<a href="#cite_note-207">[205]</a> The lower deck was opened to the public on August 29, 1962.<a href="#cite_note-Ingraham_1962-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Riverdale_Press_1962-190">[188]</a> The lower level, nicknamed "Martha" after George's wife <a href="/wiki/Martha_Washington" title="Martha Washington">Martha Washington</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERockland200881–82-208">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-ASCE_News_2018-67">[66]</a> increased the capacity of the bridge by 75 percent,<a href="#cite_note-Riverdale_Press_1962-190">[188]</a> and simultaneously made the George Washington Bridge the world's only 14-lane suspension bridge.<a href="#cite_note-Ingraham_1962-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[207]</a> In addition to providing extra capacity, the lower level served to stiffen the bridge in high winds; before the lower deck was constructed, the George Washington Bridge was known to swing up to 30 inches (76 cm).<a href="#cite_note-Tarrytown_Daily_News_1962-202">[200]</a> The George Washington Bridge Bus Station opened on January 17, 1963 and the Alexander Hamilton Bridge opened on January 15, 1963, thus allowing more traffic to use the George Washington Bridge.<a href="#cite_note-210">[208]</a> In the first year after the lower level's opening, the expanded bridge had carried 44 million vehicles. By comparison, 35.86 million vehicles had crossed the bridge in an 11-month period between September 1, 1961 and July 31, 1962. In addition, traffic congestion at the George Washington Bridge was reduced after the lower level opened, and the Port Authority repaired the upper level for the first time in the bridge's history.<a href="#cite_note-211">[209]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970s_to_1990s">1970s to 1990s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 1970s to 1990s">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Interstate_95_-_New_Jersey_(6333107599).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Interstate_95_-_New_Jersey_%286333107599%29.jpg/240px-Interstate_95_-_New_Jersey_%286333107599%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Interstate_95_-_New_Jersey_%286333107599%29.jpg/360px-Interstate_95_-_New_Jersey_%286333107599%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Interstate_95_-_New_Jersey_%286333107599%29.jpg/480px-Interstate_95_-_New_Jersey_%286333107599%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Lower deck</figcaption></figure> A fixed median was added to the upper deck in 1970; the concrete barrier was destroyed to allow for such.<a href="#cite_note-The_Port_Authority_of_NY_&_NJ_2011-16">[16]</a> The next year, I-95 was extended across through New Jersey.<a href="#cite_note-212">[210]</a> In early 1977, a project to replace the deteriorated deck on the upper level began. The original deck was demolished, and the new deck, which was constructed beforehand, was placed.<a href="#cite_note-anderson-213">[211]</a> As part of the project, the eastbound lanes on the upper level were partially closed; the westbound upper-level lanes carried two-way traffic during off-peak hours. The PANYNJ also encouraged traffic to use the lower level.<a href="#cite_note-214">[212]</a> It was completed in late 1978.<a href="#cite_note-anderson-213">[211]</a> The bridge was carrying 82.8 million vehicles per year by 1980.<a href="#cite_note-Carmody_1981-34">[34]</a> The <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Civil_Engineers" title="American Society of Civil Engineers">American Society of Civil Engineers</a> named the bridge as a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Civil_Engineering_Landmark" class="mw-redirect" title="National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark">National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark</a> on October 24, 1981, the 50th anniversary of the bridge.<a href="#cite_note-asce-2">[2]</a> The 50th anniversary was also marked with a parade of automobiles. At that point, 1.8 billion vehicles had used the bridge throughout its lifetime.<a href="#cite_note-Hanley_1981-172">[170]</a> The bridge was repaired in 1984,<a href="#cite_note-215">[213]</a> and the bridge's upper deck was resurfaced in 1987.<a href="#cite_note-216">[214]</a> After one a building above one of the approaches was found to have a cracked foundation on March 9, 1989, it was closed to undergo temporary repairs for four days.<a href="#cite_note-217">[215]</a> In 1990, the Port Authority announced a minor rehabilitation for the George Washington Bridge. As part of the project, the supporting structural steel for the upper deck would be replaced, and some ramps would be rebuilt.<a href="#cite_note-218">[216]</a> The ramps on the New York side, connecting with Riverside Drive and the Henry Hudson Parkway, were to be reconstructed for $27.6 million after studies in the late 1980s showed deterioration on these ramps.<a href="#cite_note-219">[217]</a> Although the Port Authority had announced the repairs in advance, the start of roadwork in September 1990 caused extensive traffic jams.<a href="#cite_note-220">[218]</a> The upper deck was repaved in 1995,<a href="#cite_note-221">[219]</a> A further inspection in 1997 found that some of the wires at the New York anchorage had corroded, so these wires were replaced.<a href="#cite_note-Oviatt-Lawrence_u725-222">[220]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000s_to_present">2000s to present</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 2000s to present">edit</a>]</div> Starting on July 4, 2000, and for subsequent special occasions, each of the George Washington Bridge's suspension towers has been illuminated by 380 <a href="/wiki/Light_fixture" title="Light fixture">light fixtures</a> that highlight the exposed steel structure.<a href="#cite_note-223">[221]</a> On each tower there are a mix of 150 and 1000 <a href="/wiki/Watt" title="Watt">watt</a> <a href="/wiki/Metal_halide_lamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal halide lamp">metal halide lamp</a> fixtures.<a href="#cite_note-224">[222]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Architectural_lighting_design" title="Architectural lighting design">architectural lighting design</a> was completed by Domingo Gonzalez Associates.<a href="#cite_note-225">[223]</a> Additionally, workers started rehabilitating about 5 miles (8.0 km) of approach ramps in 1999; the project was finished in May 2001 and cost $38 million. Trucks were banned from the lower deck around this time.<a href="#cite_note-226">[224]</a> The Port Authority also proposed a ramp from the lower level to the Palisades Interstate Parkway on the New Jersey side in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-NYDN-WishListLikened-2001-227">[225]</a> The ramp would have cost $86.5 million and would have been completed in 2003 or 2004, but the connection was ultimately not built.<a href="#cite_note-228">[226]</a> The northern sidewalk was closed after the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a> in 2001 because of security concerns.<a href="#cite_note-Higgs_2023_y635-27">[27]</a> In 2002, the Port Authority began to repaint the towers and the underside of the upper deck. The old lead-based paint was replaced with a lead-free coat of paint.<a href="#cite_note-anderson-213">[211]</a> The $62 million project was completed in September 2006, in advance of the bridge's 75th anniversary.<a href="#cite_note-229">[227]</a> The Port Authority announced the next year that the suspender lighting was to be replaced by new energy efficient diodes.<a href="#cite_note-230">[228]</a> This project was completed in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-231">[229]</a> Following 15 reported deaths and 68 attempts in 2017, the Port Authority installed protective netting and an 11-foot-high (3.4 m) fence along each upper level sidewalk. The netting partially overhangs the sidewalks in order to prevent potential jumpers from scaling the fence directly.<a href="#cite_note-232">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-CBSNewYork-SuicideFence-2017-28">[28]</a> The southern sidewalk was closed from September to December 2017 so that a temporary fence could be installed there. Once the temporary fence had been erected, the permanent 11-foot-high barrier was constructed on the northern sidewalk, followed by the permanent barrier on the southern sidewalk.<a href="#cite_note-CBSNewYork-SuicideFence-2017-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Krisel_2017-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2010s_renovation">2010s renovation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: 2010s renovation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2013_George_Washington_Bridge_in_winter_fog_seen_from_Castle_Village.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/2013_George_Washington_Bridge_in_winter_fog_seen_from_Castle_Village.jpg/240px-2013_George_Washington_Bridge_in_winter_fog_seen_from_Castle_Village.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/2013_George_Washington_Bridge_in_winter_fog_seen_from_Castle_Village.jpg/360px-2013_George_Washington_Bridge_in_winter_fog_seen_from_Castle_Village.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/2013_George_Washington_Bridge_in_winter_fog_seen_from_Castle_Village.jpg/480px-2013_George_Washington_Bridge_in_winter_fog_seen_from_Castle_Village.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1899" /></a><figcaption>George Washington Bridge seen from <a href="/wiki/Castle_Village" title="Castle Village">Castle Village</a>, shrouded in <a href="/wiki/Fog" title="Fog">winter fog</a> in December 2013</figcaption></figure> In December 2011, the Port Authority announced plans to extensively rehabilitate the bridge.Of many improvements and repairs, the vertical suspender ropes would be replaced, at an expected cost of more than $1 billion paid for by toll revenue.<a href="#cite_note-233">[231]</a> In August 2013, repair crews began an $82 million effort to fix cracks in the upper deck's structural steel.<a href="#cite_note-234">[232]</a> Work restarted in June 2014 after a pause lasting several months.<a href="#cite_note-235">[233]</a> The Port Authority also started a $2 billion project to renovate or replace bridge components.<a href="#cite_note-DeAngelis_2024_p135-236">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-Beck-Aden_2023_m782-30">[30]</a> The lower level was repaved in 2016, and repainting work and maintenance platform replacement on the lower deck was completed in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-YIMBY_2017-237">[235]</a> The bridge's 592 vertical suspender ropes were then replaced to fix damage caused by excessive heat and humidity.<a href="#cite_note-Maag_2019-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-YIMBY_2017-237">[235]</a> The staircases leading to the sidewalks on both the northern and southern sides of the upper deck were also being replaced with ramps that were compliant with the <a href="/wiki/Americans_with_Disabilities_Act_of_1990" title="Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990">Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990</a>. The Trans-Manhattan Expressway was being renovated in conjunction with this project.<a href="#cite_note-YIMBY_2017-237">[235]</a> On the New Jersey side, the Palisades Interstate Parkway <a href="/wiki/Cloverleaf_interchange" title="Cloverleaf interchange">"Helix"</a> ramp onto the bridge would be replaced at a cost of $112.6 million; this was completed in March 2019.<a href="#cite_note-238">[236]</a> The northern sidewalk reopened in early 2023, after the suspender ropes on that side had been replaced.<a href="#cite_note-Higgs_2023_y635-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Beck-Aden_2023_m782-30">[30]</a> By early 2024, the restoration project was half complete, and workers were restoring the southern sidewalk and its cables.<a href="#cite_note-DeAngelis_2024_p135-236">[234]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Road_connections">Road connections</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Road connections">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_Jersey">New Jersey</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: New Jersey">edit</a>]</div> The George Washington Bridge carries <a href="/wiki/Interstate_95" title="Interstate 95">I-95</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_1/9" title="U.S. Route 1/9">US 1/9</a> between New Jersey and New York. Coming from New Jersey, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_46" title="U.S. Route 46">US 46</a> terminates at the state border in the middle of the bridge. Further west, <a href="/wiki/Interstate_80_in_New_Jersey" title="Interstate 80 in New Jersey">I-80</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_9W" title="U.S. Route 9W">US 9W</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Route_4" title="New Jersey Route 4">New Jersey Route 4</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Turnpike" title="New Jersey Turnpike">New Jersey Turnpike</a> also feed into the bridge via either I-95, U.S. 1/9, or U.S. 46 but end before reaching it. I-80 also gives drivers from the <a href="/wiki/Garden_State_Parkway" title="Garden State Parkway">Garden State Parkway</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Route_17" title="New Jersey Route 17">Route 17</a> access to the bridge, and access to them as seen by signage on I-95 south. The <a href="/wiki/Palisades_Interstate_Parkway" title="Palisades Interstate Parkway">Palisades Interstate Parkway</a> connects directly to the bridge's upper level, though not to the lower level;<a href="#cite_note-Google_Maps-239">[237]</a> however, a ramp to link the Interstate Parkway to the lower level was proposed in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-NYDN-WishListLikened-2001-227">[225]</a> The marginal roads and local streets above the highways are known as <a href="/wiki/GWB_Plaza" class="mw-redirect" title="GWB Plaza">GWB Plaza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Google_Maps-239">[237]</a> The <a href="#Tolls">bridge's toll plaza</a>, which collects tolls from eastbound/northbound traffic only, is located on the New Jersey side.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERastorfer200071-240">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-PANYNJ_Facts-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-PANYNJ_Tolls-241">[239]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="New_York">New York</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: New York">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ENTRANCE_TO_THE_GEORGE_WASHINGTON_BRIDGE_FROM_THE_WEST_SIDE_HIGHWAY_IN_UPPER_MANHATTAN._THE_ROAD_PASSING_UNDER_THE..._-_NARA_-_548332_(edit).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/ENTRANCE_TO_THE_GEORGE_WASHINGTON_BRIDGE_FROM_THE_WEST_SIDE_HIGHWAY_IN_UPPER_MANHATTAN._THE_ROAD_PASSING_UNDER_THE..._-_NARA_-_548332_%28edit%29.jpg/240px-ENTRANCE_TO_THE_GEORGE_WASHINGTON_BRIDGE_FROM_THE_WEST_SIDE_HIGHWAY_IN_UPPER_MANHATTAN._THE_ROAD_PASSING_UNDER_THE..._-_NARA_-_548332_%28edit%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/ENTRANCE_TO_THE_GEORGE_WASHINGTON_BRIDGE_FROM_THE_WEST_SIDE_HIGHWAY_IN_UPPER_MANHATTAN._THE_ROAD_PASSING_UNDER_THE..._-_NARA_-_548332_%28edit%29.jpg/360px-ENTRANCE_TO_THE_GEORGE_WASHINGTON_BRIDGE_FROM_THE_WEST_SIDE_HIGHWAY_IN_UPPER_MANHATTAN._THE_ROAD_PASSING_UNDER_THE..._-_NARA_-_548332_%28edit%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/ENTRANCE_TO_THE_GEORGE_WASHINGTON_BRIDGE_FROM_THE_WEST_SIDE_HIGHWAY_IN_UPPER_MANHATTAN._THE_ROAD_PASSING_UNDER_THE..._-_NARA_-_548332_%28edit%29.jpg/480px-ENTRANCE_TO_THE_GEORGE_WASHINGTON_BRIDGE_FROM_THE_WEST_SIDE_HIGHWAY_IN_UPPER_MANHATTAN._THE_ROAD_PASSING_UNDER_THE..._-_NARA_-_548332_%28edit%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2946" data-file-height="1970" /></a><figcaption>Ramps on the New York side, seen in 1973</figcaption></figure> On the New York side, the 12-lane <a href="/wiki/Trans-Manhattan_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans-Manhattan Expressway">Trans-Manhattan Expressway</a> heads east across the narrow neck of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Manhattan" title="Upper Manhattan">Upper Manhattan</a>, from the bridge to the <a href="/wiki/Harlem_River" title="Harlem River">Harlem River</a>. It provides access from both decks to 178th and 179th Streets, which cross Manhattan horizontally, where U.S. 9 leaves the expressway and follows <a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson_Parkway" title="Henry Hudson Parkway">Henry Hudson Parkway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Riverside_Drive_(Manhattan)" title="Riverside Drive (Manhattan)">Riverside Drive</a>, on the Hudson River's eastern bank along the west side of Manhattan; and to <a href="/wiki/Tenth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Tenth Avenue (Manhattan)">Amsterdam Avenue</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Harlem_River_Drive" title="Harlem River Drive">Harlem River Drive</a>, on the Harlem River's western bank on the east side. The expressway connects directly with the <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton_Bridge" title="Alexander Hamilton Bridge">Alexander Hamilton Bridge</a>, which spans the Harlem River as part of the <a href="/wiki/Cross-Bronx_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Bronx Expressway">Cross-Bronx Expressway</a> (I-95), providing access to the <a href="/wiki/Major_Deegan_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Major Deegan Expressway">Major Deegan Expressway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Interstate_87_(New_York)" title="Interstate 87 (New York)">I-87</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Google_Maps-239">[237]</a> Heading towards New Jersey, local access to the bridge is available from 179th Street. There are also ramps connecting the bridge to the <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Bridge_Bus_Terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="George Washington Bridge Bus Terminal">George Washington Bridge Bus Terminal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-242">[240]</a> a commuter bus terminal with direct access to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a> at the <a href="/wiki/175th_Street_(IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line)" class="mw-redirect" title="175th Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line)">175th Street</a> station on the <a href="/wiki/IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line" title="IND Eighth Avenue Line">IND Eighth Avenue Line</a> (served by the <a href="/wiki/A_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="A (New York City Subway service)">A</a> train).<a href="#cite_note-MTAMaps-WashHts-2015-243">[241]</a> Originally, the approach to the George Washington Bridge from the New York side consisted of a <a href="/wiki/Roundabout" title="Roundabout">roundabout</a> encircling a fountain, which was designed by Cass Gilbert. This plan was deemed not feasible as a result of the congestion that the <a href="/wiki/Grade_separation#Weaving" title="Grade separation">weaving</a> movements would create.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERastorfer200063-38">[38]</a> The final plans called for meandering roadways from Riverside Drive and Henry Hudson Parkway, which run along the eastern bank of the Hudson River at the bottom of the cliff in Washington Heights. The Henry Hudson Parkway actually passes under the New York side's anchorage using an underpass designed by Gilbert.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-BeautifyHudson-1929-128">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERastorfer200071-240">[238]</a> The connection to the <a href="/wiki/178th%E2%80%93179th_Street_Tunnels" title="178th–179th Street Tunnels">178th–179th Street Tunnels</a>, which connected to the southbound Harlem River Drive, opened in 1940.<a href="#cite_note-nyt19400626-182">[180]</a> The tunnels were replaced by the Trans-Manhattan Expressway, which opened in 1962.<a href="#cite_note-Ingraham_1962-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Riverdale_Press_1962-190">[188]</a> The tunnels and expressway were built to minimize disruption to the Washington Heights neighborhood, which had already been developed at the time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERastorfer200066-244">[242]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alternate_routes">Alternate routes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Alternate routes">edit</a>]</div> Further south along the Hudson River, the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Tunnel" title="Lincoln Tunnel">Lincoln Tunnel</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Route_495" title="New Jersey Route 495">Route 495</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Holland_Tunnel" title="Holland Tunnel">Holland Tunnel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Interstate_78" title="Interstate 78">Interstate 78</a>/<a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Route_139" title="New Jersey Route 139">Route 139</a>) also enter Manhattan.<a href="#cite_note-LaRock_2013-245">[243]</a> Both tunnels are operated by the Port Authority, which collects tolls from drivers crossing the Hudson River eastbound toward New York City.<a href="#cite_note-PANYNJ-Toll-Rates-2015-246">[244]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Verrazzano-Narrows_Bridge" title="Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge">Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Interstate_278" title="Interstate 278">I-278</a>), connecting the New York City boroughs of <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, is the southernmost alternate route. It connects to the <a href="/wiki/Bayonne_Bridge" title="Bayonne Bridge">Bayonne Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goethals_Bridge" title="Goethals Bridge">Goethals Bridge</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Outerbridge_Crossing" title="Outerbridge Crossing">Outerbridge Crossing</a> between Staten Island and New Jersey.<a href="#cite_note-LaRock_2013-245">[243]</a> All four bridges to Staten Island collect tolls for drivers driving into the island.<a href="#cite_note-248">[c]</a> Farther north within the <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metropolitan area</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tappan_Zee_Bridge_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Tappan Zee Bridge (2017–present)">Tappan Zee Bridge</a> (Interstates 87/<a href="/wiki/Interstate_287" title="Interstate 287">287</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Thruway" title="New York State Thruway">New York State Thruway</a>) avoids the congested <a href="/wiki/Cross_Bronx_Expressway" title="Cross Bronx Expressway">Cross Bronx Expressway</a> and the city proper. Thruway traffic sometimes uses the George Washington Bridge as a detour, since no roads cross the Hudson River between the George Washington and Tappan Zee bridges.<a href="#cite_note-249">[246]</a> The Tappan Zee Bridge also charges tolls for eastbound drivers.<a href="#cite_note-NYS_Thruway_Tolls-250">[247]</a> Even farther north is the <a href="/wiki/Bear_Mountain_Bridge" title="Bear Mountain Bridge">Bear Mountain Bridge</a>, carrying <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_6_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Route 6 (New York)">U.S. 6</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_202_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Route 202 (New York)">U.S. 202</a>, about 20 miles (32 km) north of the Tappan Zee Bridge; it also charges tolls for eastbound drivers.<a href="#cite_note-251">[248]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tolls">Tolls</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Tolls">edit</a>]</div> As of January 7, 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit">[update]</a>, the tolls-by-mail rate going from <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a> to <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> are $17.63 for cars and motorcycles; there is no toll for passenger vehicles going from New York City to New Jersey. New Jersey and New York–issued <a href="/wiki/E-ZPass" title="E-ZPass">E-ZPass</a> users are charged $13.38 for cars and $12.38 for motorcycles during off-peak hours, and $15.38 for cars and $14.38 for motorcycles during peak hours. Users with E-ZPass issued from agencies outside of New Jersey and New York are charged the tolls-by-mail rate.<a href="#cite_note-tolls-252">[249]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GWB_Bridgegate_entrance_Sept_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/GWB_Bridgegate_entrance_Sept_2016.jpg/220px-GWB_Bridgegate_entrance_Sept_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/GWB_Bridgegate_entrance_Sept_2016.jpg/330px-GWB_Bridgegate_entrance_Sept_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/GWB_Bridgegate_entrance_Sept_2016.jpg/440px-GWB_Bridgegate_entrance_Sept_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1804" /></a><figcaption>The upper-level toll plaza with heavy traffic congestion</figcaption></figure> Originally, tolls were collected in both directions. The original toll booth was designed by Gilbert, who also designed a <a href="/wiki/Classical_architecture" title="Classical architecture">classical-style</a> maintenance booth, neither of which is extant.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERastorfer200071-240">[238]</a> In August 1970, the toll was abolished for westbound drivers, and at the same time, eastbound drivers saw their tolls doubled. The tolls of eleven other New York–New Jersey and Hudson River crossings along a 130-mile (210 km) stretch, from the <a href="/wiki/Outerbridge_Crossing" title="Outerbridge Crossing">Outerbridge Crossing</a> in the south to the <a href="/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle_Bridge" title="Rip Van Winkle Bridge">Rip Van Winkle Bridge</a> in the north, were also changed to south- or eastbound-only at that time.<a href="#cite_note-Moran_1970-253">[250]</a> There were a series of tollbooths on the New Jersey side. The bridge had 29 toll lanes: 12 in the main upper-level toll plaza, 10 in the lower-level toll plaza, and seven in the Palisades Interstate Parkway toll plaza leading to the upper level.<a href="#cite_note-PANYNJ_Facts-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-PANYNJ_Tolls-241">[239]</a> The toll plazas on the lower level and Palisades Parkway were not staffed during the overnight hours and accepted only E-ZPass transactions during this period.<a href="#cite_note-PANYNJ-GWBRestrictions-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-PANYNJ_Tolls-241">[239]</a> E-ZPass was accepted for toll payment on the George Washington Bridge starting in July 1997.<a href="#cite_note-254">[251]</a> Soon afterward, the Port Authority proposed removing the tollbooths for the E-ZPass lanes on the lower level and Palisades Parkway toll plazas, replacing them with <a href="/wiki/Electronic_toll_collection" title="Electronic toll collection">electronic toll collection</a> gantries to allow motorists to maintain highway speeds.<a href="#cite_note-255">[252]</a> Pedestrians and cyclists may cross free of charge on the south sidewalk. Pedestrians traveling in either direction originally paid tolls of 10 cents when the bridge opened.<a href="#cite_note-The_Port_Authority_of_NY_&_NJ_2011-16">[16]</a> The pedestrian toll was reduced to 5 cents in 1935<a href="#cite_note-256">[253]</a> and discontinued altogether in 1940.<a href="#cite_note-257">[254]</a> <a href="/wiki/Open_road_tolling" title="Open road tolling">Open road tolling</a> was implemented for drivers going from Palisades Interstate Parkway on February 2, 2020, on the lower level on November 7, 2020, and on the upper level on July 10, 2022.<a href="#cite_note-Higgs_2020-258">[255]</a> The tollbooths will be dismantled, and drivers will no longer be able to pay cash at the bridge. Instead, there will be cameras mounted onto new overhead gantries on the New Jersey side going to New York. A vehicle without E-ZPass will have a picture taken of its license plate and a bill for the toll will be mailed to its owner. For E-ZPass users, sensors will detect their transponders wirelessly.<a href="#cite_note-259">[256]</a> In March 2020, due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, all-electronic tolling was temporarily placed in effect for all Port Authority crossings, including the George Washington Bridge.<a href="#cite_note-260">[257]</a> Cash toll collection was temporarily reinstated on the upper level only from October 2020<a href="#cite_note-Higgs_2020-258">[255]</a> to July 2022 while the required open road tolling infrastructure was being installed.<a href="#cite_note-Alexander_2022-261">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-Higgs_2022-262">[259]</a> The carpool discount was eliminated when open-road tolling commenced on the upper level in July 2022.<a href="#cite_note-Alexander_2022-261">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-Higgs_2022-262">[259]</a> The toll plazas were demolished starting in March 2023; the removal was expected to take two years.<a href="#cite_note-263">[260]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historic_toll_rates">Historic toll rates</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Historic toll rates">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Historic vehicular toll rates for the George Washington Bridge </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Years</th> <th scope="col">Toll</th> <th scope="col">Toll equivalent in 2023<a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-264">[261]</a></th> <th scope="col">Direction collected </th> <th class="unsortable"><abbr title="References cited">Ref.</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1931–1970 </td> <td align="right">$0.50 </td> <td align="center">$10.02–3.92 </td> <td>each direction </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1931-22">[22]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970–1975 </td> <td align="right">$1.00 </td> <td align="center">$7.85–5.66 </td> <td>eastbound only </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Moran_1970-253">[250]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1975–1983 </td> <td align="right">$1.50 </td> <td align="center">$8.49–5.55 </td> <td>eastbound only </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-265">[262]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1983–1987 </td> <td align="right">$2.00 </td> <td align="center">$7.40–5.36 </td> <td>eastbound only </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Anderson_Carroll_1983-266">[263]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987–1991 </td> <td align="right">$3.00 </td> <td align="center">$8.05–6.71 </td> <td>eastbound only </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1987-267">[264]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991–2001 </td> <td align="right">$4.00 </td> <td align="center">$8.95–6.88 </td> <td>eastbound only </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Levine_1991-268">[265]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001–2008 </td> <td align="right">$6.00 </td> <td align="center">$10.32–8.49 </td> <td>eastbound only </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Smothers_20012-269">[266]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008–2011 </td> <td align="right">$8.00 </td> <td align="center">$11.32–10.84 </td> <td>eastbound only </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-270">[267]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011–2012 </td> <td align="right">$12.00 </td> <td align="center">$16.25–15.93 </td> <td>eastbound only </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-271">[268]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012–2014 </td> <td align="right">$13.00 </td> <td align="center">$17.25–16.73 </td> <td>eastbound only </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-272">[269]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014–2015 </td> <td align="right">$14.00 </td> <td align="center">$18.02–18.00 </td> <td>eastbound only </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-273">[270]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015–2020 </td> <td align="right">$15.00 </td> <td align="center">$19.28–17.88 </td> <td>eastbound only </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-274">[271]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020–2023 </td> <td align="right">$16.00 </td> <td align="center">$18.84–$16.00 </td> <td>eastbound only </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-275">[272]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023–2024 </td> <td align="right">$17.00 </td> <td align="center">$17.00 </td> <td>eastbound only </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-276">[273]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Since January 7, 2024 </td> <td align="right">$17.63 </td> <td align="center">$17.63 </td> <td>eastbound only </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Westbrook_2024_h558-277">[274]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> Prior to July 10, 2022, a discounted carpool toll ($7.75) was available at all times for cars with three or more passengers using NY or NJ E-ZPass, who proceed through a staffed toll lane (provided they have registered with the free "Carpool Plan"), except if entering from the Palisades Interstate Parkway entrance to the bridge.<a href="#cite_note-278">[275]</a> The Carpool Plan ended when the George Washington Bridge implemented cashless tolling.<a href="#cite_note-Higgs_2022-262">[259]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Non-motorized_access">Non-motorized access</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Non-motorized access">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GWB_to_New_York.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/GWB_to_New_York.JPG/220px-GWB_to_New_York.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/GWB_to_New_York.JPG/330px-GWB_to_New_York.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/GWB_to_New_York.JPG/440px-GWB_to_New_York.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>Southern sidewalk</figcaption></figure> The George Washington Bridge contains two sidewalks that can be used by pedestrians and bicyclists. The southern sidewalk (accessible by a long, steep ramp on the Manhattan side of the bridge) is shared by cyclists and pedestrians. The entrance in Manhattan is at 178th Street, just west of <a href="/wiki/Cabrini_Boulevard_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabrini Boulevard (Manhattan)">Cabrini Boulevard</a>, and also has access to the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_Greenway" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudson River Greenway">Hudson River Greenway</a> north of the bridge. Both sidewalks are accessible on the New Jersey side from Hudson Terrace.<a href="#cite_note-PANYNJ-GWBPedBikeInfo-279">[276]</a> The George Washington Bridge carries <a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Bicycle_Route_9" class="mw-redirect" title="New York State Bicycle Route 9">New York State Bicycle Route 9</a>, a bike route that runs from <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> north to <a href="/wiki/Rouses_Point,_New_York" title="Rouses Point, New York">Rouses Point</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nysdot9-280">[277]</a> As of October 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit">[update]</a>, the bike lanes are open from 5 a.m. to midnight every day.<a href="#cite_note-281">[278]</a> The Port Authority closed the northern sidewalk at all times in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-PANYNJ-GWBPedBikeInfo-279">[276]</a> Though it offers direct access into Palisades Interstate Park, the northern sidewalk requires stairway climbs and descents on both sides, which was inaccessible for people with physical disabilities and posed a risk in poor weather conditions.<a href="#cite_note-282">[279]</a> Advocacy groups such as <a href="/wiki/Transportation_Alternatives" title="Transportation Alternatives">Transportation Alternatives</a> also suggested improvements.<a href="#cite_note-283">[280]</a> As part of the project to replace the bridge's vertical support cables, the connections to both sidewalks will be enhanced or rebuilt and made <a href="/wiki/Americans_with_Disabilities_Act_of_1990" title="Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990">ADA</a>-compliant. While the south-side cables are being replaced, that sidewalk will be closed and the north sidewalk will be open. Once the entire project is completed in 2027, pedestrians will use the south sidewalk and cyclists will use the north sidewalk. The sidewalk aspect of the project is expected to cost $118 million.<a href="#cite_note-North_Jersey_2016-284">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-New_Jersey_Bike_and_Walk_Coalition-285">[282]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Incidents">Incidents</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Incidents">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suicides_and_deaths">Suicides and deaths</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Suicides and deaths">edit</a>]</div> The George Washington Bridge is <a href="/wiki/List_of_suicide_sites" class="mw-redirect" title="List of suicide sites">among the most frequently chosen sites</a> in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metropolitan area</a> for <a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">suicide</a> by jumping or falling off the bridge.<a href="#cite_note-286">[283]</a> The first death by jumping was unintentional and occurred before the bridge opened. On September 21, 1930, a stunt jumper named Norman J. Terry jumped off the bridge's deck in front of a crowd of thousands, and because his body was facing the wrong way, he broke his neck upon hitting the water.<a href="#cite_note-287">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-288">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-289">[286]</a> The first intentional suicide occurred on November 3, 1931, a little more than one week after the bridge opened.<a href="#cite_note-290">[287]</a> Several suicide attempts off the George Washington Bridge have been widely publicized. In 1994, a person going by the name "Prince" called <a href="/wiki/The_Howard_Stern_Show" title="The Howard Stern Show">The Howard Stern Show</a> while on the bridge, said he would kill himself, but <a href="/wiki/Howard_Stern" title="Howard Stern">Howard Stern</a> talked him out of it.<a href="#cite_note-291">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-292">[289]</a> The 2010 <a href="/wiki/Suicide_of_Tyler_Clementi" title="Suicide of Tyler Clementi">suicide of Tyler Clementi</a>, who had jumped from the bridge, drew national attention to <a href="/wiki/Cyberbullying" title="Cyberbullying">cyberbullying</a> and the struggles facing <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> youth.<a href="#cite_note-IanParker-293">[290]</a> In 2012, a record 18 people threw themselves off the bridge to their deaths, while 43 others attempted to do so but survived.<a href="#cite_note-294">[291]</a> There were 18 deaths reported in both 2014 and 2015. In 2014, 74 people were stopped by the <a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey_Police_Department" title="Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Police Department">Port Authority police</a>, while the next year, another 86 people were stopped by the Port Authority police. In 2016, there were 12 reported deaths, a decrease from previous years, while 70 people were stopped by the Port Authority police.<a href="#cite_note-295">[292]</a> In 2017, the Port Authority proposed equipping a two-person Emergency Services Unit team with harnesses to prevent suicides from the bridge.<a href="#cite_note-296">[293]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Controversies_and_protests">Controversies and protests</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Controversies and protests">edit</a>]</div> On September 9, 2013, dedicated toll lanes for one of the local <a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee,_New_Jersey" title="Fort Lee, New Jersey">Fort Lee</a> entrances to the bridge's upper level were reduced from three to one, with the two other lanes diverted to highway traffic. The closures were made without notification to local government officials and emergency responders. The local toll lane reductions caused massive traffic congestion, with major delays for school transportation and police and emergency service responses within Fort Lee.<a href="#cite_note-297">[294]</a> The lanes were reopened by the <a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port Authority of New York and New Jersey">Port Authority</a> on September 13.<a href="#cite_note-298">[295]</a> After a four-month investigation, it was revealed that the lane closures were made by the aides and appointees of <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_New_Jersey" title="Governor of New Jersey">New Jersey Governor</a> <a href="/wiki/Chris_Christie" title="Chris Christie">Chris Christie</a>, causing <a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee_lane_closure_scandal" title="Fort Lee lane closure scandal">a political scandal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-299">[296]</a> The repercussions and controversy surrounding these actions have been <a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee_lane_closure_scandal#Investigations" title="Fort Lee lane closure scandal">investigated</a> by the Port Authority,<a href="#cite_note-300">[297]</a> federal prosecutors,<a href="#cite_note-301">[298]</a> and a New Jersey legislature committee.<a href="#cite_note-302">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-303">[300]</a> On September 12, 2020, a hundred anti-<a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">police brutality</a> protesters from the <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a> movement converged from both New York and New Jersey, blocking the upper level of the bridge for about an hour before walking to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department" title="New York City Police Department">New York City Police Department</a>'s 34th Precinct in Manhattan.<a href="#cite_note-304">[301]</a><a href="#cite_note-305">[302]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_incidents">Other incidents</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Other incidents">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Washington_Bridge,_HAER_NY-129-8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/George_Washington_Bridge%2C_HAER_NY-129-8.jpg/220px-George_Washington_Bridge%2C_HAER_NY-129-8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/George_Washington_Bridge%2C_HAER_NY-129-8.jpg/330px-George_Washington_Bridge%2C_HAER_NY-129-8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/George_Washington_Bridge%2C_HAER_NY-129-8.jpg/440px-George_Washington_Bridge%2C_HAER_NY-129-8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1803" /></a><figcaption>The bridge as seen in 1978</figcaption></figure> On December 28, 1966, a 19-year-old pilot made an emergency landing on the bridge's New Jersey side after his plane's engine failed. There were no deaths reported, because there was very little traffic at the time, but the pilot and his passenger were injured.<a href="#cite_note-306">[303]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Port_Authority_of_NY_&_NJ_2011-16">[16]</a> At the time, there was no median barrier on the bridge's upper deck.<a href="#cite_note-The_Port_Authority_of_NY_&_NJ_2011-16">[16]</a> In June 1977, two tractor-trailers nearly fell off the lower level after <a href="/wiki/Jackknifing" title="Jackknifing">jackknifing</a>, then going through both the roadway barrier and a mesh net next to the roadway. One of the drivers was hurt slightly, while the other driver was not hurt. The accident also involved a third tractor-trailer and two passenger cars, none of whose occupants were hurt.<a href="#cite_note-307">[304]</a> Accidents involving trucks dumping their cargo have also occurred on the George Washington Bridge. Watermelons, frozen chicken parts, and horse manure have all fallen onto the bridge's roadway at some point.<a href="#cite_note-Carmody_1981-34">[34]</a> The first-ever complete closure of the George Washington Bridge occurred on August 6, 1980, when a truck carrying highly flammable <a href="/wiki/Propane" title="Propane">propane</a> gas across the bridge started to leak.<a href="#cite_note-Carmody_1981-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-McFadden_1980-308">[305]</a> As a safety precaution in case the fuel started to ignite, traffic across the bridge was halted for several hours, and 2,000 people living near the bridge were evacuated. Since the George Washington Bridge is the primary crossing between New Jersey and New York City, the closure caused traffic jams that stretched for up to 30 miles (48 km), and the effects of this congestion could be seen more than 45 miles (72 km) away.<a href="#cite_note-McFadden_1980-308">[305]</a> Two police officers eventually plugged the leak with an inexpensive device.<a href="#cite_note-309">[306]</a> Up to that point, trucks carrying flammable material had been allowed to use the George Washington Bridge.<a href="#cite_note-310">[307]</a> After the incident, New York City officials conducted a study on whether to prohibit hazardous cargo from traveling through the city.<a href="#cite_note-311">[308]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Terrorist_attacks_on_September_11,_2001" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001">terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001</a>, several news organizations, including <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, reported that a vehicle filled with explosives had been found on the lower level of the bridge.<a href="#cite_note-312">[309]</a><a href="#cite_note-313">[310]</a> However, several investigations found no evidence of a vehicle containing explosives on the bridge.<a href="#cite_note-314">[311]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: In popular culture">edit</a>]</div> The bridge is seen in a number of movies set in New York:<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERockland2008123-315">[312]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_of_Fire" title="Ball of Fire">Ball of Fire</a> (1941) was the first film to show the bridge. <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERockland2008125-316">[313]</a></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Force_of_Evil" title="Force of Evil">Force of Evil</a> (1948), Leo Morse is buried under the bridge by the mob of gangsters employing his brother Joe.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERockland2008124-317">[314]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYPL-80thBday-2011-318">[315]</a></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/How_to_Marry_a_Millionaire" title="How to Marry a Millionaire">How to Marry a Millionaire</a> (1953), Loco and Brewster are fêted as being in the 50 millionth car to cross the bridge as part of the "George Washington Bridge Week" festivities.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERockland2008124-317">[314]</a></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Network_(1976_film)" title="Network (1976 film)">Network</a> (1976), Schumacher tells a story in which, having overslept for a news shoot about the bridge's new lower deck, he gets into a cab wearing a raincoat over his pajamas and tells the driver to take him to the middle of the bridge. The taxi driver, concerned that Schumacher intends to jump, begs him: "Don't do it buddy! You're a young man!" <a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERockland2008124-317">[314]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sully_(film)" title="Sully (film)">Sully</a> (2016) reenacts how Sullenberger <a href="/wiki/US_Airways_Flight_1549#Takeoff_and_bird_strike" title="US Airways Flight 1549">overflew the bridge</a> by a few hundred feet.<a href="#cite_note-319">[316]</a></li> <li>The bridge was also shown in <a href="/wiki/The_Godfather" title="The Godfather">The Godfather</a> (1972),<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERockland2008124-317">[314]</a><a href="#cite_note-320">[317]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cop_Land" title="Cop Land">Cop Land</a> (1997).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERockland2008126-321">[318]</a><a href="#cite_note-322">[319]</a></li></ul> The bridge has been featured in music. In the opening singalong for <a href="/wiki/Sesame_Street" title="Sesame Street">Sesame Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernie_(Sesame_Street)" title="Ernie (Sesame Street)">Ernie</a> sang the words "George Washington Bridge" to the tune of <a href="/wiki/Sobre_las_Olas" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobre las Olas">Sobre las Olas</a> ("<a href="/wiki/The_Loveliest_Night_of_the_Year" title="The Loveliest Night of the Year">The Loveliest Night of the Year</a>").<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERockland2008133–134-323">[320]</a> In addition, <a href="/wiki/William_Schuman" title="William Schuman">William Schuman</a>'s 1950 work George Washington Bridge.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERockland2008133-324">[321]</a><a href="#cite_note-325">[322]</a><a href="#cite_note-326">[323]</a> Nina Rosario sings "Just me and the GWB asking, 'Gee, Nina, what'll you be?'" in "Breathe" from <a href="/wiki/In_the_Heights" title="In the Heights">In the Heights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-327">[324]</a> In visual art, the first issue of the comic Atomic War! published in November 1952, the George Washington Bridge is shown collapsing during a bombing of New York City.<a href="#cite_note-328">[325]</a> Additionally, painters <a href="/wiki/George_Ault" title="George Ault">George Ault</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valeri_Larko" title="Valeri Larko">Valeri Larko</a> have both created artworks named after the bridge.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERockland2008130-329">[326]</a> Video games such as <a href="/wiki/Metal_Gear_Solid_2:_Sons_of_Liberty" title="Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty">Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty</a> also showed the George Washington Bridge.<a href="#cite_note-330">[327]</a> The construction of the bridge is detailed in George Washington Bridge: A Timeless Marvel<a href="#cite_note-Rastorfer_2006-331">[328]</a> and George Washington Bridge: Poetry in Steel.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERockland200881–82-208">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYPL-80thBday-2011-318">[315]</a> The bridge and the nearby <a href="/wiki/Little_Red_Lighthouse" title="Little Red Lighthouse">Little Red Lighthouse</a> are the subjects of Hildegarde Swift's 1942 children's book The Little Red Lighthouse and the Great Gray Bridge.<a href="#cite_note-332">[329]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYPL-80thBday-2011-318">[315]</a> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:808px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Washington_Bridge_from_Riverside_Drive_Eric_Sorenson.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="From Riverside Drive, at night"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/George_Washington_Bridge_from_Riverside_Drive_Eric_Sorenson.jpg/800px-George_Washington_Bridge_from_Riverside_Drive_Eric_Sorenson.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/George_Washington_Bridge_from_Riverside_Drive_Eric_Sorenson.jpg/1200px-George_Washington_Bridge_from_Riverside_Drive_Eric_Sorenson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/George_Washington_Bridge_from_Riverside_Drive_Eric_Sorenson.jpg/1600px-George_Washington_Bridge_from_Riverside_Drive_Eric_Sorenson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1150" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Washington_Bridge_from_Riverside_Drive_Eric_Sorenson.jpg" title="File:George Washington Bridge from Riverside Drive Eric Sorenson.jpg"> </a></div>From <a href="/wiki/Riverside_Drive_(Manhattan)" title="Riverside Drive (Manhattan)">Riverside Drive</a>, at night</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/42px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/56px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Transport" title="Portal:Transport">Transport portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg/42px-Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg/56px-Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Engineering" title="Portal:Engineering">Engineering portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/48px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/64px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_Jersey" title="Portal:New Jersey">New Jersey portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/48px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/64px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_York_(state)" title="Portal:New York (state)">New York (state) portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/48px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/64px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_York_City" title="Portal:New York City">New York City portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_documented_by_the_Historic_American_Engineering_Record_in_New_Jersey" title="List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in New Jersey">List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_documented_by_the_Historic_American_Engineering_Record_in_New_York" title="List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in New York">List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fixed_crossings_of_the_Hudson_River" class="mw-redirect" title="List of fixed crossings of the Hudson River">List of fixed crossings of the Hudson River</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> A New York Times article from 1989 cites the flag as having flown since 1947,<a href="#cite_note-Berkowitz_1989-63">[63]</a> while the Port Authority gives a date of 1948.<a href="#cite_note-The_Port_Authority_of_NY_&_NJ_2011-16">[16]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> In 1910, the Washington Chapter of the <a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Daughters of the American Revolution">Daughters of the American Revolution</a> erected a stone monument to the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Washington" title="Battle of Fort Washington">Battle of Fort Washington</a>. The monument is about 100 yards (91 m) northeast of the <a href="/wiki/Little_Red_Lighthouse" title="Little Red Lighthouse">Little Red Lighthouse</a>, near the eastern bridge anchorage.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <a href="/wiki/MTA_Bridges_and_Tunnels" title="MTA Bridges and Tunnels">MTA Bridges and Tunnels</a> collects tolls for the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge<a href="#cite_note-247">[245]</a> while the Port Authority collects tolls for the other three bridges to Staten Island.<a href="#cite_note-PANYNJ-Toll-Rates-2015-246">[244]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-PANYNJ_Facts-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PANYNJ_Facts_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PANYNJ_Facts_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PANYNJ_Facts_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PANYNJ_Facts_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PANYNJ_Facts_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PANYNJ_Facts_1-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PANYNJ_Facts_1-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PANYNJ_Facts_1-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PANYNJ_Facts_1-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PANYNJ_Facts_1-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PANYNJ_Facts_1-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PANYNJ_Facts_1-11">l</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190301004950/http://www.panynj.gov/bridges-tunnels/gwb-facts-info.html">"Facts & Info – George Washington Bridge"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port Authority of New York and New Jersey">Port Authority of New York and New Jersey</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panynj.gov/bridges-tunnels/gwb-facts-info.html">the original</a> on March 1, 2019. Retrieved February 27, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Port+Authority+of+New+York+and+New+Jersey&rft.atitle=Facts+%26+Info+%E2%80%93+George+Washington+Bridge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.panynj.gov%2Fbridges-tunnels%2Fgwb-facts-info.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-asce-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-asce_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-asce_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-asce_2-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-asce_2-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ascemetsection.org/committees/history-and-heritage/landmarks/george-washington-bridge">"George Washington Bridge"</a>. ASCE Metropolitan Section. Retrieved November 12, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ASCE+Metropolitan+Section&rft.atitle=George+Washington+Bridge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ascemetsection.org%2Fcommittees%2Fhistory-and-heritage%2Flandmarks%2Fgeorge-washington-bridge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PANYNJ-GWBRestrictions-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PANYNJ-GWBRestrictions_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PANYNJ-GWBRestrictions_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PANYNJ-GWBRestrictions_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PANYNJ-GWBRestrictions_3-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.panynj.gov/bridges-tunnels/george-washington-bridge-traffic-restrictions.html">"Traffic Restrictions – George Washington Bridge"</a>. The Port Authority of NY & NJ. Retrieved June 18, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Port+Authority+of+NY+%26+NJ&rft.atitle=Traffic+Restrictions+%E2%80%93+George+Washington+Bridge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.panynj.gov%2Fbridges-tunnels%2Fgeorge-washington-bridge-traffic-restrictions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nycdot16-4"><a href="#cite_ref-nycdot16_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/nyc-bridge-traffic-report-2016.pdf">"New York City Bridge Traffic Volumes"</a> (PDF). New York City Department of Transportation. 2016. p. 11. Retrieved March 16, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+City+Bridge+Traffic+Volumes&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=New+York+City+Department+of+Transportation&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Fdot%2Fdownloads%2Fpdf%2Fnyc-bridge-traffic-report-2016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BusiestBridgeOnEarth-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BusiestBridgeOnEarth_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BusiestBridgeOnEarth_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.traveltrivia.com/question/what-is-the-worlds-busiest-bridge/Xt5l8G78AIX3tiWB">"What is the world's busiest bridge?"</a>. Travel Trivia. Retrieved June 23, 2020. <q>A staggering 108 million vehicles cross the bridge annually, making the George Washington Bridge the busiest bridge on Earth</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Travel+Trivia&rft.atitle=What+is+the+world%27s+busiest+bridge%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.traveltrivia.com%2Fquestion%2Fwhat-is-the-worlds-busiest-bridge%2FXt5l8G78AIX3tiWB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GWBWorldsBusiestBridge-6"><a href="#cite_ref-GWBWorldsBusiestBridge_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.njspotlightnews.org/2020/11/george-washington-bridge-104-million-vehicles-annually-worlds-busiest-bridge/amp/">"Number of the Day – 104M"</a>. NJ Spotlight. November 20, 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Number+of+the+Day+%E2%80%93+104M&rft.pub=NJ+Spotlight&rft.date=2020-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.njspotlightnews.org%2F2020%2F11%2Fgeorge-washington-bridge-104-million-vehicles-annually-worlds-busiest-bridge%2Famp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panynj.gov/bridges-tunnels/gwb-80.html">"George Washington Bridge 80th Anniversary; The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey celebrates the 80th anniversary of the October 25, 1931 opening of the George Washington Bridge."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121228215800/http://www.panynj.gov/bridges-tunnels/gwb-80.html">Archived</a> December 28, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port Authority of New York and New Jersey">Port Authority of New York and New Jersey</a>. Accessed January 24, 2013. </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRose2006" class="citation journal cs1">Rose, Lacey (March 2, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060822052218/https://www.forbes.com/2006/03/02/tollbooth-collectors-money_cx_lr_money06_0302tollbooth.html">"Inside the Booth"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/2006/03/02/tollbooth-collectors-money_cx_lr_money06_0302tollbooth.html">the original</a> on August 22, 2006. Retrieved January 15, 2008. <q>Like the PATH trains, which also connect New York to New Jersey, the G.W. Bridge is run by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, a public agency that employees 7,000 workers [<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>] and has annual revenues of $2.9 billion.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Inside+the+Booth&rft.date=2006-03-02&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Lacey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2F2006%2F03%2F02%2Ftollbooth-collectors-money_cx_lr_money06_0302tollbooth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErvolino2018" class="citation web cs1">Ervolino, Bill (October 24, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.northjersey.com/story/life/columnists/bill-ervolino/2018/10/24/87-gwb-remains-engineering-marvel-george-washington-bridge/1748177002/">"Happy birthday George Washington Bridge! You look pretty good for 87"</a>. North Jersey. Retrieved January 12, 2019. <q>By 1962, New Jerseyans were routinely referring to Ammann's masterpiece as "the GWB" and "the George."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=North+Jersey&rft.atitle=Happy+birthday+George+Washington+Bridge%21+You+look+pretty+good+for+87&rft.date=2018-10-24&rft.aulast=Ervolino&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.northjersey.com%2Fstory%2Flife%2Fcolumnists%2Fbill-ervolino%2F2018%2F10%2F24%2F87-gwb-remains-engineering-marvel-george-washington-bridge%2F1748177002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2006" class="citation news cs1">Jones, Charisse (October 20, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2006-10-19-bridges_x.htm">"Upkeep Costs Rise as USA's Bridges Age"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. Retrieved January 15, 2008. <q>The George Washington Bridge — locals call it 'the GW' — is one of a collection of dazzling spans that link New York's five boroughs or the city and New Jersey.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Upkeep+Costs+Rise+as+USA%27s+Bridges+Age&rft.date=2006-10-20&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Charisse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2006-10-19-bridges_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1925-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_1925_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_1925_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_1925_9-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_1925_9-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_1925_9-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1925/03/01/archives/hudson-bridge-is-nearer-realization-jersey-chooses-a-location-gov.html">"Hudson Bridge Is Nearer Realization"</a>. The New York Times. March 1, 1925. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hudson+Bridge+Is+Nearer+Realization&rft.date=1925-03-01&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1925%2F03%2F01%2Farchives%2Fhudson-bridge-is-nearer-realization-jersey-chooses-a-location-gov.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Photo_1930-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Photo_1930_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Photo_1930_10-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Photo_1930_10-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Photo_1930_10-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1930/08/08/archives/last-wire-of-span-spun-over-hudson-port-authority-head-starts-flag.html">"Last Wire Of Span Spun Over Hudson"</a>. The New York Times. August 8, 1930. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. 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Lee Bridge"</a>. Scarsdale Inquirer. Vol. XI, no. 6. Scarsdale Women's Club Publications. December 27, 1927. 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January 26, 1919. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%209/New%20York%20NY%20Sun/New%20York%20NY%20Sun%201919%20Grayscale/New%20York%20NY%20Sun%201919%20Grayscale%20-%201614.pdf">1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%209/New%20York%20NY%20Sun/New%20York%20NY%20Sun%201919%20Grayscale/New%20York%20NY%20Sun%201919%20Grayscale%20-%201620.pdf">7</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Sun&rft.atitle=Vehicular+Tunnel+Under+the+Hudson+Seems+Assured&rft.pages=1%2C+7&rft.date=1919-01-26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1908/12/06/archives/want-three-bridges-across-north-river-engineers-favor-structures-to.html">"Want Three Bridges Across North River"</a>. The New York Times. December 6, 1908. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved May 3, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Want+Three+Bridges+Across+North+River&rft.date=1908-12-06&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1908%2F12%2F06%2Farchives%2Fwant-three-bridges-across-north-river-engineers-favor-structures-to.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1913/04/22/archives/tunnels-not-bridge-favored-to-jersey-new-york-state-commission.html">"Tunnels Not Bridge Favored To Jersey"</a>. The New York Times. April 22, 1913. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved May 4, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Tunnels+Not+Bridge+Favored+To+Jersey&rft.date=1913-04-22&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1913%2F04%2F22%2Farchives%2Ftunnels-not-bridge-favored-to-jersey-new-york-state-commission.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESternGilmartinMellins1987675,_677-78"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESternGilmartinMellins1987675,_677_78-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSternGilmartinMellins1987">Stern, Gilmartin & Mellins 1987</a>, pp. 675, 677. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESternGilmartinMellins1987677-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESternGilmartinMellins1987677_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESternGilmartinMellins1987677_79-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESternGilmartinMellins1987677_79-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESternGilmartinMellins1987677_79-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESternGilmartinMellins1987677_79-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFSternGilmartinMellins1987">Stern, Gilmartin & Mellins 1987</a>, p. 677. </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1924/01/04/archives/chamber-opposes-bridge-at-57th-st-states-business-men-fear-a.html">"Chamber Opposes Bridge At 57th St"</a>. The New York Times. January 4, 1924. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Chamber+Opposes+Bridge+At+57th+St&rft.date=1924-01-04&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1924%2F01%2F04%2Farchives%2Fchamber-opposes-bridge-at-57th-st-states-business-men-fear-a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindenthal1924" class="citation news cs1">Lindenthal, Gustav (January 13, 1924). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1924/01/13/archives/lindenthal-outlines-hudson-bridge-plan.html">"Lindenthal Outlines Hudson Bridge Plan"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Lindenthal+Outlines+Hudson+Bridge+Plan&rft.date=1924-01-13&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Lindenthal&rft.aufirst=Gustav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1924%2F01%2F13%2Farchives%2Flindenthal-outlines-hudson-bridge-plan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1924/05/04/archives/greene-tells-plan-for-hudson-bridge-colonel-would-utilize-palisades.html">"Greene Tells Plan For Hudson Bridge"</a>. The New York Times. May 4, 1924. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Greene+Tells+Plan+For+Hudson+Bridge&rft.date=1924-05-04&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1924%2F05%2F04%2Farchives%2Fgreene-tells-plan-for-hudson-bridge-colonel-would-utilize-palisades.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1924/12/30/archives/for-new-hudson-bridge-bill-will-be-introduced-in-the-new-jersey.html">"For New Hudson Bridge"</a>. The New York Times. December 30, 1924. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=For+New+Hudson+Bridge&rft.date=1924-12-30&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1924%2F12%2F30%2Farchives%2Ffor-new-hudson-bridge-bill-will-be-introduced-in-the-new-jersey.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1925/02/11/archives/arthur-kill-spans-voted-in-trenton-senate-passes-bill-calling-for.html">"Arthur Kill Spans Voted In Trenton"</a>. The New York Times. February 11, 1925. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Arthur+Kill+Spans+Voted+In+Trenton&rft.date=1925-02-11&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1925%2F02%2F11%2Farchives%2Farthur-kill-spans-voted-in-trenton-senate-passes-bill-calling-for.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1925/03/03/archives/pass-fort-lee-bridge-bill-jersey-assemblymen-concur-in-changes.html">"Pass Fort Lee Bridge Bill"</a>. The New York Times. March 3, 1925. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Pass+Fort+Lee+Bridge+Bill&rft.date=1925-03-03&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1925%2F03%2F03%2Farchives%2Fpass-fort-lee-bridge-bill-jersey-assemblymen-concur-in-changes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1925/03/10/archives/silzer-signs-bill-for-hudson-bridge-measures-for-perth.html">"Silzer Signs Bill For Hudson Bridge"</a>. The New York Times. March 10, 1925. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Silzer+Signs+Bill+For+Hudson+Bridge&rft.date=1925-03-10&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1925%2F03%2F10%2Farchives%2Fsilzer-signs-bill-for-hudson-bridge-measures-for-perth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1925/03/19/archives/to-fight-for-bridge-at-178th-street-civic-bodies-deny-hudson-river.html">"To Fight For Bridge At 178th Street"</a>. The New York Times. March 19, 1925. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=To+Fight+For+Bridge+At+178th+Street&rft.date=1925-03-19&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1925%2F03%2F19%2Farchives%2Fto-fight-for-bridge-at-178th-street-civic-bodies-deny-hudson-river.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252023%2FNewburgh%2520NY%2520News%2FNewburgh%2520NY%2520News%25201926%2FNewburgh%2520NY%2520News%25201926%2520Feb-Mar%25201927%252000411_2.pdf">"Location of Great Anchorage for Fort Lee Bridge in Park Is Cause of New York Protests"</a> (PDF). Newburgh News. February 15, 1926. p. 1. Retrieved June 5, 2018 – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newburgh+News&rft.atitle=Location+of+Great+Anchorage+for+Fort+Lee+Bridge+in+Park+Is+Cause+of+New+York+Protests&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1926-02-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspapers%25252023%252FNewburgh%252520NY%252520News%252FNewburgh%252520NY%252520News%2525201926%252FNewburgh%252520NY%252520News%2525201926%252520Feb-Mar%2525201927%25252000411_2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1925/03/22/archives/cites-bill-putting-park-in-jeopardy-roulstone-declares-the-port.html">"Cites Bill Putting Park In Jeopardy"</a>. The New York Times. March 22, 1925. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Cites+Bill+Putting+Park+In+Jeopardy&rft.date=1925-03-22&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1925%2F03%2F22%2Farchives%2Fcites-bill-putting-park-in-jeopardy-roulstone-declares-the-port.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1925/04/03/archives/governor-approves-128-bills-vetoes-17-stops-salary-grab-validates.html">"Governor Approves 128 Bills, Vetoes 17"</a>. The New York Times. April 3, 1925. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Governor+Approves+128+Bills%2C+Vetoes+17&rft.date=1925-04-03&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1925%2F04%2F03%2Farchives%2Fgovernor-approves-128-bills-vetoes-17-stops-salary-grab-validates.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1925_2-91">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_1925_2_91-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_1925_2_91-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1925/08/18/archives/survey-hudson-site-for-longest-bridge-engineers-pick-foot-of-178th.html">"Survey Hudson Site For Longest Bridge"</a>. The New York Times. August 18, 1925. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 3, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Survey+Hudson+Site+For+Longest+Bridge&rft.date=1925-08-18&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1925%2F08%2F18%2Farchives%2Fsurvey-hudson-site-for-longest-bridge-engineers-pick-foot-of-178th.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1927/02/25/archives/defends-the-plans-for-hudson-bridge-engineer-says-to-move-the.html">"Defends The Plans For Hudson Bridge"</a>. The New York Times. February 25, 1927. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Defends+The+Plans+For+Hudson+Bridge&rft.date=1927-02-25&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1927%2F02%2F25%2Farchives%2Fdefends-the-plans-for-hudson-bridge-engineer-says-to-move-the.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-popmech-93">^ <a href="#cite_ref-popmech_93-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-popmech_93-1">b</a> Staff (January 1930) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=deIDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA464">"Giant of World's Bridges Rising in New York"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Popular_Mechanics" title="Popular Mechanics">Popular Mechanics</a> p.464 </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1926/01/06/archives/gilbert-to-design-the-hudson-bridge-architect-is-engaged-to-make-it.html">"Gilbert to Design the Hudson Bridge"</a>. The New York Times. January 6, 1926. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 3, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gilbert+to+Design+the+Hudson+Bridge&rft.date=1926-01-06&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1926%2F01%2F06%2Farchives%2Fgilbert-to-design-the-hudson-bridge-architect-is-engaged-to-make-it.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1926_2-95">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_1926_2_95-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_1926_2_95-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_1926_2_95-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1926/03/13/archives/50000000-bridge-to-ft-lee-approved-by-interstate-board-towers-to-be.html">"$50,000,000 Bridge To Ft. Lee Approved By Interstate Board"</a>. The New York Times. March 13, 1926. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 3, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%2450%2C000%2C000+Bridge+To+Ft.+Lee+Approved+By+Interstate+Board&rft.date=1926-03-13&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1926%2F03%2F13%2Farchives%2F50000000-bridge-to-ft-lee-approved-by-interstate-board-towers-to-be.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1928-96">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_1928_96-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_1928_96-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1928/03/11/archives/reports-progress-on-hudson-bridge-amman-chief-engineer-tells-port.html">"Reports Progress On Hudson Bridge"</a>. The New York Times. March 11, 1928. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Reports+Progress+On+Hudson+Bridge&rft.date=1928-03-11&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1928%2F03%2F11%2Farchives%2Freports-progress-on-hudson-bridge-amman-chief-engineer-tells-port.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1926/07/18/archives/hudson-suspension-span-will-be-carefully-tested-but-improved.html">"Hudson Suspension Span Will Be Carefully Tested"</a>. The New York Times. July 18, 1926. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 3, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hudson+Suspension+Span+Will+Be+Carefully+Tested&rft.date=1926-07-18&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1926%2F07%2F18%2Farchives%2Fhudson-suspension-span-will-be-carefully-tested-but-improved.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252023%2FNewburgh%2520NY%2520News%2FNewburgh%2520NY%2520News%25201926%2FNewburgh%2520NY%2520News%25201926%2520Feb-Oct%252000811_1.pdf">"Materials Entering Into Big Span Across Hudson River at Fort Lee Will be Well Tested"</a> (PDF). Newburgh News. August 12, 1926. p. 16. Retrieved June 8, 2018 – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newburgh+News&rft.atitle=Materials+Entering+Into+Big+Span+Across+Hudson+River+at+Fort+Lee+Will+be+Well+Tested&rft.pages=16&rft.date=1926-08-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspapers%25252023%252FNewburgh%252520NY%252520News%252FNewburgh%252520NY%252520News%2525201926%252FNewburgh%252520NY%252520News%2525201926%252520Feb-Oct%25252000811_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1926/10/21/archives/tells-hudson-span-plans-engineer-says-work-on-new-bridge-will-start.html">"Tells Hudson Span Plans"</a>. The New York Times. October 21, 1926. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 3, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Tells+Hudson+Span+Plans&rft.date=1926-10-21&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1926%2F10%2F21%2Farchives%2Ftells-hudson-span-plans-engineer-says-work-on-new-bridge-will-start.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1926/12/03/archives/final-hearing-backs-hudson-bridge-plan-200-organizations-present-to.html">"Final Hearing Backs Hudson Bridge Plan"</a>. The New York Times. December 3, 1926. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 3, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Final+Hearing+Backs+Hudson+Bridge+Plan&rft.date=1926-12-03&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1926%2F12%2F03%2Farchives%2Ffinal-hearing-backs-hudson-bridge-plan-200-organizations-present-to.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1926/12/14/archives/gets-final-permit-for-hudson-bridge-port-authority-receives-war.html">"Gets Final Permit For Hudson Bridge"</a>. The New York Times. December 14, 1926. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 3, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gets+Final+Permit+For+Hudson+Bridge&rft.date=1926-12-14&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1926%2F12%2F14%2Farchives%2Fgets-final-permit-for-hudson-bridge-port-authority-receives-war.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1926/12/10/archives/fort-lee-bridge-bonds-are-awarded-port-authority-accepts-bid-on.html">"Fort Lee Bridge Bonds Are Awarded"</a>. The New York Times. December 10, 1926. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 3, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Fort+Lee+Bridge+Bonds+Are+Awarded&rft.date=1926-12-10&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1926%2F12%2F10%2Farchives%2Ffort-lee-bridge-bonds-are-awarded-port-authority-accepts-bid-on.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1927/03/26/archives/jersey-bridge-bill-faces-court-fight-attack-on-measure-is-expected.html">"Jersey Bridge Bill Faces Court Fight"</a>. The New York Times. March 26, 1927. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jersey+Bridge+Bill+Faces+Court+Fight&rft.date=1927-03-26&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1927%2F03%2F26%2Farchives%2Fjersey-bridge-bill-faces-court-fight-attack-on-measure-is-expected.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FBallston%2520Spa%2520NY%2520Daily%2520Journal%2FBallston%2520Spa%2520NY%2520Daily%2520Journal%25201927%2FBallston%2520Spa%2520NY%2520Daily%2520Journal%25201927%2520-%25200323.pdf">"Treaty Abrogation on Port Authority Between New York and New Jersey Go to Court"</a> (PDF). Ballston Spa Daily Journal. March 28, 1927. p. 1. Retrieved June 5, 2018 – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ballston+Spa+Daily+Journal&rft.atitle=Treaty+Abrogation+on+Port+Authority+Between+New+York+and+New+Jersey+Go+to+Court&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1927-03-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspapers%25252021%252FBallston%252520Spa%252520NY%252520Daily%252520Journal%252FBallston%252520Spa%252520NY%252520Daily%252520Journal%2525201927%252FBallston%252520Spa%252520NY%252520Daily%252520Journal%2525201927%252520-%2525200323.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1927/04/01/archives/still-seek-way-out-of-bridge-tangle-jersey-legislators-meet-again.html">"Still Seek Way Out Of Bridge Tangle"</a>. The New York Times. April 1, 1927. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Still+Seek+Way+Out+Of+Bridge+Tangle&rft.date=1927-04-01&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1927%2F04%2F01%2Farchives%2Fstill-seek-way-out-of-bridge-tangle-jersey-legislators-meet-again.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1927/04/03/archives/no-upset-likely-in-bridge-program-governor-moore-is-not-expected-to.html">"No Upset Likely In Bridge Program"</a>. The New York Times. April 3, 1927. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=No+Upset+Likely+In+Bridge+Program&rft.date=1927-04-03&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1927%2F04%2F03%2Farchives%2Fno-upset-likely-in-bridge-program-governor-moore-is-not-expected-to.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReier2000102-107">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReier2000102_107-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReier2000102_107-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReier2000102_107-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFReier2000">Reier 2000</a>, p. 102. </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1927/04/12/archives/first-bids-opened-for-ft-lee-bridge-port-authority-takes-initial.html">"First Bids Opened For Ft Lee Bridge"</a>. The New York Times. April 12, 1927. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=First+Bids+Opened+For+Ft+Lee+Bridge&rft.date=1927-04-12&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1927%2F04%2F12%2Farchives%2Ffirst-bids-opened-for-ft-lee-bridge-port-authority-takes-initial.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1927/04/25/archives/more-time-on-bridge-bids-port-heads-get-extension-to-await-city.html">"More Time on Bridge Bids"</a>. The New York Times. April 25, 1927. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=More+Time+on+Bridge+Bids&rft.date=1927-04-25&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1927%2F04%2F25%2Farchives%2Fmore-time-on-bridge-bids-port-heads-get-extension-to-await-city.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1927/04/30/archives/first-contract-let-for-hudson-bridge-silas-b-mason-gets-award-for.html">"First Contract Let For Hudson Bridge"</a>. The New York Times. April 30, 1927. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=First+Contract+Let+For+Hudson+Bridge&rft.date=1927-04-30&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1927%2F04%2F30%2Farchives%2Ffirst-contract-let-for-hudson-bridge-silas-b-mason-gets-award-for.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1927/06/01/archives/18-bids-received-on-hudson-bridge-new-jersey-anchorage-and-approach.html">"18 Bids Received On Hudson Bridge"</a>. The New York Times. June 1, 1927. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=18+Bids+Received+On+Hudson+Bridge&rft.date=1927-06-01&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1927%2F06%2F01%2Farchives%2F18-bids-received-on-hudson-bridge-new-jersey-anchorage-and-approach.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1927/05/08/archives/biggest-dredge-in-world-starts-work-to-prepare-hudson-river-for.html">"Biggest Dredge in World Starts Work To Prepare Hudson River for Bridge"</a>. The New York Times. May 8, 1927. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. 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August 29, 1927. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Seeks+Land+at+Fort+Lee&rft.date=1927-08-29&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1927%2F08%2F29%2Farchives%2Fseeks-land-at-fort-lee-port-authority-starts-condemnation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/515580001/">"New Span To Be Lecture Subject"</a>. The Montclair Times. November 6, 1931.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Montclair+Times&rft.atitle=New+Span+To+Be+Lecture+Subject&rft.date=1931-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F515580001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-HudsonGroundbreaking-1927-115"><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-HudsonGroundbreaking-1927_115-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1927/09/22/archives/ground-is-broken-for-hudson-bridge-acting-mayor-mckee-digs-earth-at.html">"Ground Is Broken For Hudson Bridge"</a>. The New York Times. September 22, 1927. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. 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Yonkers Statesman. p. 9. Retrieved June 5, 2018 – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yonkers+Statesman&rft.atitle=Start+Digging+For+New+Span&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1927-09-22&rft.au=International+News+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspaper%25252018%252FYonkers%252520NY%252520Statesman%252FYonkers%252520NY%252520Statesman%2525201927%252FYonkers%252520NY%252520Statesman%2525201927%252520-%2525203748.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brooklyn_Daily_Eagle_1928-117">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brooklyn_Daily_Eagle_1928_117-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brooklyn_Daily_Eagle_1928_117-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%25205%2FBrooklyn%2520NY%2520Daily%2520Eagle%2FBrooklyn%2520NY%2520Daily%2520Eagle%25201928%2520Grayscale%2FBrooklyn%2520NY%2520Daily%2520Eagle%25201928%2520a%2520Grayscale%2520-%25200425.pdf">"World's Largest Suspension Bridge, Over Hudson River, To Be Opened to Traffic in 1932"</a> (PDF). Brooklyn Daily Eagle. March 11, 1928. pp. 20A. Retrieved June 8, 2018 – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Daily+Eagle&rft.atitle=World%27s+Largest+Suspension+Bridge%2C+Over+Hudson+River%2C+To+Be+Opened+to+Traffic+in+1932&rft.pages=20A&rft.date=1928-03-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspaper%2525205%252FBrooklyn%252520NY%252520Daily%252520Eagle%252FBrooklyn%252520NY%252520Daily%252520Eagle%2525201928%252520Grayscale%252FBrooklyn%252520NY%252520Daily%252520Eagle%2525201928%252520a%252520Grayscale%252520-%2525200425.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1927/10/04/archives/open-bids-for-span-over-hudson-river-port-authority-commissioners.html">"Open Bids For Span Over Hudson River"</a>. The New York Times. October 4, 1927. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Open+Bids+For+Span+Over+Hudson+River&rft.date=1927-10-04&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1927%2F10%2F04%2Farchives%2Fopen-bids-for-span-over-hudson-river-port-authority-commissioners.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinman1922" class="citation book cs1">Steinman, David Barnard (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/apracticaltreat00steigoog">A Practical Treatise on Suspension Bridges: Their Design, Construction and Erection</a>. Wiley. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/apracticaltreat00steigoog/page/n89">74</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Practical+Treatise+on+Suspension+Bridges%3A+Their+Design%2C+Construction+and+Erection&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=1922&rft.aulast=Steinman&rft.aufirst=David+Barnard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fapracticaltreat00steigoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1927/10/21/archives/bridge-steel-ordered-mcclinticmarshall-gets-contract-for-hudson.html">"Bridge Steel Ordered"</a>. The New York Times. October 21, 1927. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. 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December 24, 1927. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=3+Drown+at+Work+in+Hudson+Caisson&rft.date=1927-12-24&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1927%2F12%2F24%2Farchives%2F3-drown-at-work-in-hudson-caisson-rush-of-water-through-leak-traps.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1928/03/06/archives/hudson-bridge-bids-in-for-manhattan-side-lowest-of-32-offers-is.html">"Hudson Bridge Bids In For Manhattan Side"</a>. The New York Times. March 6, 1928. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. 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April 15, 1928. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Fast+Bridge+Work+At+Staten+Island&rft.date=1928-04-15&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1928%2F04%2F15%2Farchives%2Ffast-bridge-work-at-staten-island-two-great-spans-over-the-arthur.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1928/05/06/archives/groove-cut-in-palisades-for-hudson-bridge-road-trap-rock-now-being.html">"Groove Cut In Palisades For Hudson Bridge Road"</a>. The New York Times. May 6, 1928. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. 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September 29, 1928. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Bond+Men+Watch+Hudson+River+Span&rft.date=1928-09-29&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1928%2F09%2F29%2Farchives%2Fbond-men-watch-hudson-river-span-question-is-raised-whether-the.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoore1928" class="citation news cs1">Poore, C. G. (October 7, 1928). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1928/10/07/archives/bridging-the-hudson-a-spectacular-job-great-towers-are-rising-at.html">"Bridging The Hudson A Spectacular Job"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Bridging+The+Hudson+A+Spectacular+Job&rft.date=1928-10-07&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Poore&rft.aufirst=C.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1928%2F10%2F07%2Farchives%2Fbridging-the-hudson-a-spectacular-job-great-towers-are-rising-at.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1929/04/14/archives/buys-final-plot-for-hudson-bridge-port-authority-rounds-out.html">"Buys Final Plot For Hudson Bridge"</a>. The New York Times. April 14, 1929. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Buys+Final+Plot+For+Hudson+Bridge&rft.date=1929-04-14&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1929%2F04%2F14%2Farchives%2Fbuys-final-plot-for-hudson-bridge-port-authority-rounds-out.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-BeautifyHudson-1929-128">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-BeautifyHudson-1929_128-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-BeautifyHudson-1929_128-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1929/04/18/archives/bridge-approaches-beautify-hudson-riverside-drive-approach-to.html">"Bridge Approaches Beautify Hudson"</a>. The New York Times. April 18, 1929. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Bridge+Approaches+Beautify+Hudson&rft.date=1929-04-18&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1929%2F04%2F18%2Farchives%2Fbridge-approaches-beautify-hudson-riverside-drive-approach-to.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1929/10/27/archives/to-raze-20-flats-in-path-of-bridge-wreckers-soon-to-clear-three.html">"To Raze 20 Flats In Path Of Bridge"</a>. The New York Times. October 27, 1929. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=To+Raze+20+Flats+In+Path+Of+Bridge&rft.date=1929-10-27&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1929%2F10%2F27%2Farchives%2Fto-raze-20-flats-in-path-of-bridge-wreckers-soon-to-clear-three.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1929/10/23/archives/municipal-loans-port-of-new-york-authority.html">"Municipal Loans; Port of New York Authority"</a>. The New York Times. October 23, 1929. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 18, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Municipal+Loans%3B+Port+of+New+York+Authority&rft.date=1929-10-23&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1929%2F10%2F23%2Farchives%2Fmunicipal-loans-port-of-new-york-authority.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1930-131">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_1930_131-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_1930_131-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1930/01/08/archives/plan-to-eliminate-hudson-span-plaza-new-plan-for-jersey-approach-to.html">"Plan to Eliminate Hudson Span Plaza"</a>. The New York Times. January 8, 1930. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 6, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Plan+to+Eliminate+Hudson+Span+Plaza&rft.date=1930-01-08&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1930%2F01%2F08%2Farchives%2Fplan-to-eliminate-hudson-span-plaza-new-plan-for-jersey-approach-to.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeterson1991" class="citation news cs1">Peterson, Iver (November 12, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/12/nyregion/squaring-traffic-circles-with-lights-and-bridges.html">"Squaring Traffic Circles With Lights and Bridges"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 6, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Squaring+Traffic+Circles+With+Lights+and+Bridges&rft.date=1991-11-12&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=Iver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F11%2F12%2Fnyregion%2Fsquaring-traffic-circles-with-lights-and-bridges.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1930/04/20/archives/land-for-the-new-hudson-river-bridge-approaches-to-cost-over.html">"Land for the New Hudson River Bridge Approaches to Cost Over $10,000,000"</a>. The New York Times. April 20, 1930. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 6, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Land+for+the+New+Hudson+River+Bridge+Approaches+to+Cost+Over+%2410%2C000%2C000&rft.date=1930-04-20&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1930%2F04%2F20%2Farchives%2Fland-for-the-new-hudson-river-bridge-approaches-to-cost-over.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERastorfer200055-134">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERastorfer200055_134-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERastorfer200055_134-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFRastorfer2000">Rastorfer 2000</a>, p. 55. </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1929/07/10/archives/first-wire-hoisted-for-hudson-bridge-officials-of-two-states-on.html">"First Wire Hoisted For Hudson Bridge"</a>. The New York Times. July 10, 1929. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=First+Wire+Hoisted+For+Hudson+Bridge&rft.date=1929-07-10&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1929%2F07%2F10%2Farchives%2Ffirst-wire-hoisted-for-hudson-bridge-officials-of-two-states-on.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoore1929" class="citation news cs1">Poore, C. G. (September 15, 1929). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1929/09/15/archives/a-dizzy-task-for-men-without-nerves-surefooted-are-the-workers-who.html">"A Dizzy Task For Men Without Nerves"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Dizzy+Task+For+Men+Without+Nerves&rft.date=1929-09-15&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Poore&rft.aufirst=C.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1929%2F09%2F15%2Farchives%2Fa-dizzy-task-for-men-without-nerves-surefooted-are-the-workers-who.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1930/02/25/archives/hudson-river-bridge-now-50-complete-work-is-two-months-ahead-of.html">"Hudson River Bridge Now 50% Complete"</a>. The New York Times. February 25, 1930. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 6, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hudson+River+Bridge+Now+50%25+Complete&rft.date=1930-02-25&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1930%2F02%2F25%2Farchives%2Fhudson-river-bridge-now-50-complete-work-is-two-months-ahead-of.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1930/04/19/archives/pushes-hudson-span-work-engineer-says-bridge-cables-are-about-half.html">"Pushes Hudson Span Work"</a>. The New York Times. April 19, 1930. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 6, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Pushes+Hudson+Span+Work&rft.date=1930-04-19&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1930%2F04%2F19%2Farchives%2Fpushes-hudson-span-work-engineer-says-bridge-cables-are-about-half.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1930_2-139">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_1930_2_139-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_1930_2_139-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1930/07/29/archives/finish-first-cable-for-hudson-bridge-workmen-to-complete-three.html">"Finish First Cable For Hudson Bridge"</a>. The New York Times. July 29, 1930. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 6, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Finish+First+Cable+For+Hudson+Bridge&rft.date=1930-07-29&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1930%2F07%2F29%2Farchives%2Ffinish-first-cable-for-hudson-bridge-workmen-to-complete-three.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1930/08/05/archives/to-complete-span-cables-workmen-to-string-last-wires-thursday-on.html">"To Complete Span Cables"</a>. The New York Times. August 5, 1930. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 6, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=To+Complete+Span+Cables&rft.date=1930-08-05&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1930%2F08%2F05%2Farchives%2Fto-complete-span-cables-workmen-to-string-last-wires-thursday-on.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoore1929" class="citation news cs1">Poore, C. G. 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Retrieved June 5, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Weaving+Bridge+Cables+High+Above+The+Hudson&rft.date=1929-07-14&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Poore&rft.aufirst=C.+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1929%2F07%2F14%2Farchives%2Fweaving-bridge-cables-high-above-the-hudson-the-first-thin-strand.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1959-142">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_1959_142-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_1959_142-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1959/06/02/archives/new-deck-begun-on-bridge-here-platforms-being-put-up-on-george.html">"New Deck Begun On Bridge Here"</a>. The New York Times. June 2, 1959. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 15, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+Deck+Begun+On+Bridge+Here&rft.date=1959-06-02&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1959%2F06%2F02%2Farchives%2Fnew-deck-begun-on-bridge-here-platforms-being-put-up-on-george.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0jSA9BZkv60C&pg=RA1-PA94">Records and Briefs</a>. New York State Appellate Division. p. 94. Retrieved June 16, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Records+and+Briefs&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=New+York+State+Appellate+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0jSA9BZkv60C%26pg%3DRA1-PA94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> <ul><li>For media related to this agreement, see <a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Page_1_of_the_%221930_Agreement%22_between_City_of_New_York_and_Port_of_New_York_Authority.jpg" class="internal" title="Page 1 of the "1930 Agreement" between City of New York and Port of New York Authority.jpg">Media:Page 1 of the "1930 Agreement" between City of New York and Port of New York Authority.jpg</a>.</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1930/07/10/archives/will-get-bids-monday-on-bridge-approach-port-authority-plans-tunnel.html">"Will Get Bids Monday On Bridge Approach"</a>. The New York Times. July 10, 1930. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 6, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Will+Get+Bids+Monday+On+Bridge+Approach&rft.date=1930-07-10&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1930%2F07%2F10%2Farchives%2Fwill-get-bids-monday-on-bridge-approach-port-authority-plans-tunnel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1930/08/06/archives/ft-lee-bridge-to-have-approach-350-ft-wide-new-jersey-will-receive.html">"Ft. Lee Bridge To Have Approach 350 Ft. Wide"</a>. The New York Times. August 6, 1930. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 6, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ft.+Lee+Bridge+To+Have+Approach+350+Ft.+Wide&rft.date=1930-08-06&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1930%2F08%2F06%2Farchives%2Fft-lee-bridge-to-have-approach-350-ft-wide-new-jersey-will-receive.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1930/09/16/archives/12-bid-on-bridge-drives-connections-with-hudson-span-to-cost-995969.html">"12 Bid on Bridge Drives"</a>. The New York Times. September 16, 1930. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 6, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=12+Bid+on+Bridge+Drives&rft.date=1930-09-16&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1930%2F09%2F16%2Farchives%2F12-bid-on-bridge-drives-connections-with-hudson-span-to-cost-995969.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maeder_2011-147">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Maeder_2011_147-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maeder_2011_147-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaeder2011" class="citation news cs1">Maeder, Jay (February 17, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/02/17/way-back-machine-naming-that-bridge/">"Name That Bridge, 1931 Edition"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved March 18, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Name+That+Bridge%2C+1931+Edition&rft.date=2011-02-17&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Maeder&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcityroom.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F02%2F17%2Fway-back-machine-naming-that-bridge%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1930/10/26/archives/seek-name-for-bridge-suggestions-being-received-for-new-hudson-span.html">"Seek Name for Bridge"</a>. The New York Times. October 26, 1930. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 6, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Seek+Name+for+Bridge&rft.date=1930-10-26&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1930%2F10%2F26%2Farchives%2Fseek-name-for-bridge-suggestions-being-received-for-new-hudson-span.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReier2000103-149">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReier2000103_149-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReier2000103_149-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFReier2000">Reier 2000</a>, p. 103. </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1931/01/14/archives/washington-memorial-bridge-is-name-of-new-hudson-span.html">"Washington Memorial Bridge Is Name of New Hudson Span"</a>. The New York Times. January 14, 1931. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Washington+Memorial+Bridge+Is+Name+of+New+Hudson+Span&rft.date=1931-01-14&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1931%2F01%2F14%2Farchives%2Fwashington-memorial-bridge-is-name-of-new-hudson-span.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1931/01/15/archives/informs-president-of-bridge-naming-washington-memorial-group-calls.html">"Informs President of Bridge Naming"</a>. The New York Times. January 15, 1931. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Informs+President+of+Bridge+Naming&rft.date=1931-01-15&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1931%2F01%2F15%2Farchives%2Finforms-president-of-bridge-naming-washington-memorial-group-calls.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1931/01/23/archives/port-board-votes-to-rename-hudson-bridge-bows-to-protests-on.html">"Port Board Votes to Rename Hudson Bridge"</a>. The New York Times. January 23, 1931. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Port+Board+Votes+to+Rename+Hudson+Bridge&rft.date=1931-01-23&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1931%2F01%2F23%2Farchives%2Fport-board-votes-to-rename-hudson-bridge-bows-to-protests-on.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1931/01/30/archives/new-bridge-names-pour-in-wide-range-of-suggestions-for-hudson-span.html">"New Bridge Names Pour In"</a>. The New York Times. January 30, 1931. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+Bridge+Names+Pour+In&rft.date=1931-01-30&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1931%2F01%2F30%2Farchives%2Fnew-bridge-names-pour-in-wide-range-of-suggestions-for-hudson-span.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1931/02/12/archives/washington-leads-as-name-for-bridge-but-more-individual-letters-to.html">"Washington Leads as Name for Bridge"</a>. The New York Times. February 12, 1931. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Washington+Leads+as+Name+for+Bridge&rft.date=1931-02-12&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1931%2F02%2F12%2Farchives%2Fwashington-leads-as-name-for-bridge-but-more-individual-letters-to.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1931/04/24/archives/hudson-span-named-george-washington-port-commissioners-approve.html">"Hudson Span Named George Washington"</a>. The New York Times. April 24, 1931. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hudson+Span+Named+George+Washington&rft.date=1931-04-24&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1931%2F04%2F24%2Farchives%2Fhudson-span-named-george-washington-port-commissioners-approve.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FBuffalo%2520NY%2520Courier%2520Express%2FBuffalo%2520NY%2520Courier%2520Express%25201931%2FBuffalo%2520NY%2520Courier%2520Express%25201931%2520a%2520-%25202018.pdf">"Giant Span Given Name"</a> (PDF). Buffalo Courier Express. April 24, 1931. p. 2. Retrieved June 8, 2018 – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Buffalo+Courier+Express&rft.atitle=Giant+Span+Given+Name&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1931-04-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspapers%25252021%252FBuffalo%252520NY%252520Courier%252520Express%252FBuffalo%252520NY%252520Courier%252520Express%2525201931%252FBuffalo%252520NY%252520Courier%252520Express%2525201931%252520a%252520-%2525202018.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1930/12/30/archives/final-rivets-driven-in-bridge-girders-workers-on-hudson-span-begin.html">"Final Rivets Driven In Bridge Girders"</a>. The New York Times. December 30, 1930. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Final+Rivets+Driven+In+Bridge+Girders&rft.date=1930-12-30&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1930%2F12%2F30%2Farchives%2Ffinal-rivets-driven-in-bridge-girders-workers-on-hudson-span-begin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1931/03/04/archives/new-hudson-bridge-to-open-this-year-port-authority-also-reveals.html">"New Hudson Bridge To Open This Year"</a>. The New York Times. March 4, 1931. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+Hudson+Bridge+To+Open+This+Year&rft.date=1931-03-04&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1931%2F03%2F04%2Farchives%2Fnew-hudson-bridge-to-open-this-year-port-authority-also-reveals.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1931/03/15/archives/lauds-port-facilities-in-building-of-bridge-authority-describes.html">"Lauds Port Facilities In Building Of Bridge"</a>. The New York Times. March 15, 1931. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Lauds+Port+Facilities+In+Building+Of+Bridge&rft.date=1931-03-15&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1931%2F03%2F15%2Farchives%2Flauds-port-facilities-in-building-of-bridge-authority-describes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1931/06/24/archives/forty-bankers-hike-over-hudson-bridge-representatives-of-interests.html">"Forty Bankers Hike Over Hudson Bridge"</a>. The New York Times. June 24, 1931. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 25, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Forty+Bankers+Hike+Over+Hudson+Bridge&rft.date=1931-06-24&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1931%2F06%2F24%2Farchives%2Fforty-bankers-hike-over-hudson-bridge-representatives-of-interests.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1931/04/26/archives/new-jersey-hlghways-to-serve-new-hudson-river-bridge.html">"New Jersey Highways to Serve New Hudson River Bridge"</a>. The New York Times. April 26, 1931. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+Jersey+Highways+to+Serve+New+Hudson+River+Bridge&rft.date=1931-04-26&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1931%2F04%2F26%2Farchives%2Fnew-jersey-hlghways-to-serve-new-hudson-river-bridge.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1931/05/06/archives/asks-funds-to-plan-new-harlem-bridge-goldman-seeks-50000-to-survey.html">"Asks Funds to Plan New Harlem Bridge"</a>. The New York Times. May 6, 1931. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Asks+Funds+to+Plan+New+Harlem+Bridge&rft.date=1931-05-06&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1931%2F05%2F06%2Farchives%2Fasks-funds-to-plan-new-harlem-bridge-goldman-seeks-50000-to-survey.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1931/07/07/archives/bridge-bids-opened-four-cover-work-of-building-washington-span.html">"Bridge Bids Opened"</a>. The New York Times. July 7, 1931. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Bridge+Bids+Opened&rft.date=1931-07-07&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1931%2F07%2F07%2Farchives%2Fbridge-bids-opened-four-cover-work-of-building-washington-span.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReier2000105-164"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReier2000105_164-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReier2000">Reier 2000</a>, p. 105. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReier2000105–106-165"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReier2000105–106_165-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFReier2000">Reier 2000</a>, pp. 105–106. </li> <li id="cite_note-The_New_York_Times_1931_2-166">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_1931_2_166-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_1931_2_166-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_New_York_Times_1931_2_166-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1931/10/26/archives/56312-cars-cross-bridge-on-first-day-festive-air-reigns-thousands.html">"56,312 Cars Cross Bridge on First Day"</a>. The New York Times. October 26, 1931. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved March 6, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=56%2C312+Cars+Cross+Bridge+on+First+Day&rft.date=1931-10-26&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1931%2F10%2F26%2Farchives%2F56312-cars-cross-bridge-on-first-day-festive-air-reigns-thousands.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1934/11/09/archives/pedestrians-to-get-lower-bridge-toll-charge-on-george-washington.html">"Pedestrians to Get Lower Bridge Toll"</a>. The New York Times. November 9, 1934. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Pedestrians+to+Get+Lower+Bridge+Toll&rft.date=1934-11-09&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1934%2F11%2F09%2Farchives%2Fpedestrians-to-get-lower-bridge-toll-charge-on-george-washington.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FSgDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA49">"Speeding the Hudson Bridge"</a>. Popular Science. November 1929. p. 49. Retrieved October 19, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Science&rft.atitle=Speeding+the+Hudson+Bridge&rft.pages=49&rft.date=1929-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFSgDAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarner1931" class="citation news cs1">Warner, Arthur (October 18, 1931). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1931/10/18/archives/an-astounding-span-of-steel-and-wire-the-new-bridge-and-approaches.html">"An Astounding Span Of Steel And Wire"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=An+Astounding+Span+Of+Steel+And+Wire&rft.date=1931-10-18&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Warner&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1931%2F10%2F18%2Farchives%2Fan-astounding-span-of-steel-and-wire-the-new-bridge-and-approaches.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERastorfer200039-170">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERastorfer200039_170-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERastorfer200039_170-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFRastorfer2000">Rastorfer 2000</a>, p. 39. </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1930/06/08/archives/heavy-realty-sales-in-bergen-county-hirliman-firm-reports-deals.html">"Heavy Realty Sales In Bergen County"</a>. The New York Times. June 8, 1930. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 6, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Heavy+Realty+Sales+In+Bergen+County&rft.date=1930-06-08&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1930%2F06%2F08%2Farchives%2Fheavy-realty-sales-in-bergen-county-hirliman-firm-reports-deals.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hanley_1981-172">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hanley_1981_172-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hanley_1981_172-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanley1981" class="citation news cs1">Hanley, Robert (October 25, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1981/10/25/nyregion/what-hath-a-bridge-wrought.html">"What Hath a Bridge Wrought"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 28, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=What+Hath+a+Bridge+Wrought&rft.date=1981-10-25&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Hanley&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1981%2F10%2F25%2Fnyregion%2Fwhat-hath-a-bridge-wrought.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1931/11/01/archives/more-autos-use-tunnel-than-new-bridge-extra-force-to-handle-travel.html">"More Autos Use Tunnel Than New Bridge"</a>. The New York Times. November 1, 1931. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=More+Autos+Use+Tunnel+Than+New+Bridge&rft.date=1931-11-01&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1931%2F11%2F01%2Farchives%2Fmore-autos-use-tunnel-than-new-bridge-extra-force-to-handle-travel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1931/10/31/archives/bridge-service-extended-4-new-toll-lanes-planned-for-heavy-sunday.html">"Bridge Service Extended"</a>. The New York Times. October 31, 1931. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Bridge+Service+Extended&rft.date=1931-10-31&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1931%2F10%2F31%2Farchives%2Fbridge-service-extended-4-new-toll-lanes-planned-for-heavy-sunday.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1932/10/25/archives/washington-bridge-a-year-old-earnings-put-at-1200000.html">"Washington Bridge a Year Old"</a>. The New York Times. October 25, 1932. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Washington+Bridge+a+Year+Old&rft.date=1932-10-25&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1932%2F10%2F25%2Farchives%2Fwashington-bridge-a-year-old-earnings-put-at-1200000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1941/10/26/archives/hudson-span-marks-tenth-anniversary-foresight-of-designers-lauded.html">"Hudson Span Marks Tenth Anniversary"</a>. The New York Times. October 26, 1941. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 10, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hudson+Span+Marks+Tenth+Anniversary&rft.date=1941-10-26&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1941%2F10%2F26%2Farchives%2Fhudson-span-marks-tenth-anniversary-foresight-of-designers-lauded.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1932/02/23/archives/oaks-planted-at-hudson-bridge-as-a-tribute-to-washington.html">"Oaks Planted at Hudson Bridge As a Tribute to Washington"</a>. The New York Times. February 23, 1932. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Oaks+Planted+at+Hudson+Bridge+As+a+Tribute+to+Washington&rft.date=1932-02-23&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1932%2F02%2F23%2Farchives%2Foaks-planted-at-hudson-bridge-as-a-tribute-to-washington.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1932/07/24/archives/hudson-bridge-link-ready-direct-road-to-paterson-will-be-opened-on.html">"Hudson Bridge Link Ready"</a>. The New York Times. July 24, 1932. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 10, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hudson+Bridge+Link+Ready&rft.date=1932-07-24&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1932%2F07%2F24%2Farchives%2Fhudson-bridge-link-ready-direct-road-to-paterson-will-be-opened-on.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1932/01/24/archives/tube-to-hudson-span-to-be-ready-in-fall-2000foot-vehicular-tunnel.html">"Tube To Hudson Span To Be Ready In Fall"</a>. The New York Times. January 24, 1932. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Tube+To+Hudson+Span+To+Be+Ready+In+Fall&rft.date=1932-01-24&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1932%2F01%2F24%2Farchives%2Ftube-to-hudson-span-to-be-ready-in-fall-2000foot-vehicular-tunnel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-1939-07-23-180">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-1939-07-23_180-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt-1939-07-23_180-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathieu1939" class="citation news cs1">Mathieu, George M. 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Retrieved June 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=City%27s+Improved+Exits+Ready&rft.date=1939-07-23&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Mathieu&rft.aufirst=George+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1939%2F07%2F23%2Farchives%2Fcitys-improved-exits-ready-new-approaches-to-george-washington.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1939/04/07/archives/new-bridge-ramp-ready-westbound-entrance-to-washington-span-to-open.html">"New Bridge Ramp Ready"</a>. The New York Times. April 7, 1939. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 10, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+Bridge+Ramp+Ready&rft.date=1939-04-07&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1939%2F04%2F07%2Farchives%2Fnew-bridge-ramp-ready-westbound-entrance-to-washington-span-to-open.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt19400626-182">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19400626_182-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19400626_182-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1940/06/26/112744136.pdf">"Cross-city Tunnel Opens Tomorrow; Manhattan's First East-West Drive Goes Under Heights From Washington Bridge"</a> (PDF). The New York Times. June 26, 1940. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved January 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Cross-city+Tunnel+Opens+Tomorrow%3B+Manhattan%27s+First+East-West+Drive+Goes+Under+Heights+From+Washington+Bridge&rft.pages=25&rft.date=1940-06-26&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1940%2F06%2F26%2F112744136.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1935/03/09/archives/court-rules-jersey-owns-half-of-bridge-appellate-division-reverses.html">"Court Rules Jersey Owns Half of Bridge; Appellate Division Reverses Collins in Accident Case on Washington Span"</a>. The New York Times. March 9, 1935. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved July 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Court+Rules+Jersey+Owns+Half+of+Bridge%3B+Appellate+Division+Reverses+Collins+in+Accident+Case+on+Washington+Span.&rft.date=1935-03-09&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1935%2F03%2F09%2Farchives%2Fcourt-rules-jersey-owns-half-of-bridge-appellate-division-reverses.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1931/05/30/archives/200-washington-bridge-lights-to-warn-nightflying-aviators.html">"200 Washington Bridge Lights To Warn Night-Flying Aviators"</a>. The New York Times. May 30, 1931. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 8, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=200+Washington+Bridge+Lights+To+Warn+Night-Flying+Aviators&rft.date=1931-05-30&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1931%2F05%2F30%2Farchives%2F200-washington-bridge-lights-to-warn-nightflying-aviators.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1942/07/24/archives/photo-ban-emphasized-port-authority-says-no-tunnel-or-bridge-views.html">"Photo Ban Emphasized"</a>. The New York Times. July 24, 1942. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 10, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Photo+Ban+Emphasized&rft.date=1942-07-24&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1942%2F07%2F24%2Farchives%2Fphoto-ban-emphasized-port-authority-says-no-tunnel-or-bridge-views.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1935/11/11/archives/huge-air-beacon-to-honor-rogers-state-aviation-commission-to-erect.html">"Huge Air Beacon to Honor Rogers; State Aviation Commission to Erect It on Tower of George Washington Bridge"</a>. The New York Times. November 11, 1935. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved July 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Huge+Air+Beacon+to+Honor+Rogers%3B+State+Aviation+Commission+to+Erect+It+on+Tower+of+George+Washington+Bridge&rft.date=1935-11-11&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1935%2F11%2F11%2Farchives%2Fhuge-air-beacon-to-honor-rogers-state-aviation-commission-to-erect.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1945/05/15/archives/bridge-lights-on-tonight-cables-of-george-washington-span-to-glow.html">"Bridge Lights On Tonight"</a>. The New York Times. May 15, 1945. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 10, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Bridge+Lights+On+Tonight&rft.date=1945-05-15&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1945%2F05%2F15%2Farchives%2Fbridge-lights-on-tonight-cables-of-george-washington-span-to-glow.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1946/07/22/archives/the-george-washington-bridge-gets-its-first-paint-job-in-six-years.html">"The George Washington Bridge Gets Its First Paint Job in Six YearS"</a>. The New York Times. July 22, 1946. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved July 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+George+Washington+Bridge+Gets+Its+First+Paint+Job+in+Six+YearS&rft.date=1946-07-22&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1946%2F07%2F22%2Farchives%2Fthe-george-washington-bridge-gets-its-first-paint-job-in-six-years.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1947/05/08/archives/to-paint-under-hudson-bridge.html">"To Paint Under Hudson Bridge"</a>. The New York Times. May 8, 1947. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. 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Riverdale Press. August 30, 1962. p. 12. 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The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved July 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Cable+Tightening+on+Bridge+Begins%3B+Keeping+George+Washington+Bridge+in+Top+Condition&rft.date=1950-08-02&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Liebowitz&rft.aufirst=Meyer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1950%2F08%2F02%2Farchives%2Fcable-tightening-on-bridge-begins-keeping-george-washington-bridge.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1953/10/27/archives/new-ramp-at-george-washington-bridge-nearly-ready.html">"New Ramp at George Washington Bridge Nearly Ready"</a>. The New York Times. October 27, 1953. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved July 14, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+Ramp+at+George+Washington+Bridge+Nearly+Ready&rft.date=1953-10-27&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1953%2F10%2F27%2Farchives%2Fnew-ramp-at-george-washington-bridge-nearly-ready.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimes1954" class="citation news cs1">Times, Special to The New York (December 19, 1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1954/12/19/archives/parkway-link-is-opened-twomile-section-of-palisades-interstate-put.html">"Parkway Link is Opened; Two-Mile Section of Palisades Interstate Put in Use"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. 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The New York Times. July 2, 1954. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. 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Retrieved June 19, 2016. <q>It includes replacing stairways on the bridge's north side with access ramps and removing a tight hairpin turn on the south side walkway to make it safer and accessible to wheelchairs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Record+%28Bergen+County%29&rft.atitle=A+controversial+planned+GWB+pedestrian+lane+attracts+critics&rft.date=2014-10-12&rft.aulast=Yellin&rft.aufirst=Deena&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northjersey.com%2Fnews%2Fa-controversial-path-planned-gwb-pedestrian-lane-attracts-critics-1.1107554&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141020122945/http://www.transalt.org/sites/default/files/news/magazine/033Summer/15gwb.html">"Support Grows in NJ for GW Bridge to "River Road" Connector Path"</a>. 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Retrieved September 17, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nypl.org&rft.atitle=I+%E2%99%A5+G-Dubs%3A+A+Love+Letter+to+the+George+Washington+Bridge+on+its+80th+Birthday&rft.date=2011-10-25&rft.aulast=Megraw&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nypl.org%2Fblog%2F2011%2F10%2F25%2Fg-dubs-love-letter-george-washington-bridge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHay2016" class="citation web cs1">Hay, Susan (September 7, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/2926225/sully-the-untold-story-of-us-airways-flight-1549/">"Sully: The untold story of US Airways Flight 1549 – Toronto"</a>. Global News. 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Retrieved September 18, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scouting+NY&rft.atitle=The+New+York+Filming+Locations+of+The+Godfather%2C+Then+and+Now&rft.date=2014-01-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scoutingny.com%2Fthe-godfather-the-new-york-city-filming-locations-then-and-now%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERockland2008126-321"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERockland2008126_321-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRockland2008">Rockland 2008</a>, p. 126. </li> <li id="cite_note-322"><a href="#cite_ref-322">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThrush1997" class="citation magazine cs1">Thrush, Glenn (August 18, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yOgCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA30">"The Real Cop Land"</a>. New York Magazine. p. 30. Retrieved September 20, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Real+Cop+Land&rft.pages=30&rft.date=1997-08-18&rft.aulast=Thrush&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyOgCAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERockland2008133–134-323"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERockland2008133–134_323-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRockland2008">Rockland 2008</a>, pp. 133–134. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERockland2008133-324"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERockland2008133_324-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRockland2008">Rockland 2008</a>, p. 133. </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wqxr.org/story/william-schumans-gwb-tribute-finds-new-resonance/">"William Schuman's GWB Tribute Finds New Resonance – New York's Classical Music Radio Station"</a>. WQXR. January 10, 2014. Retrieved September 17, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WQXR&rft.atitle=William+Schuman%27s+GWB+Tribute+Finds+New+Resonance+%E2%80%93+New+York%27s+Classical+Music+Radio+Station&rft.date=2014-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wqxr.org%2Fstory%2Fwilliam-schumans-gwb-tribute-finds-new-resonance%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-326"><a href="#cite_ref-326">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwift1942" class="citation book cs1">Swift, Hildegarde (1942). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/littleredlightho0000swif">The Little Red Lighthouse and the Great Gray Bridge</a>. Lynd Ward (illustrator) (2002 ed.). Harcourt, Brace, and World. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-15-204571-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-15-204571-6"><bdi>0-15-204571-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Little+Red+Lighthouse+and+the+Great+Gray+Bridge&rft.edition=2002&rft.pub=Harcourt%2C+Brace%2C+and+World&rft.date=1942&rft.isbn=0-15-204571-6&rft.aulast=Swift&rft.aufirst=Hildegarde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flittleredlightho0000swif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><a href="#cite_ref-327">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genius.com/In-the-heights-original-broadway-company-and-mandy-gonzalez-breathe-lyrics">"In the Heights" Original Broadway Company & Mandy Gonzalez – Breathe</a>, retrieved February 19, 2023</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22In+the+Heights%22+Original+Broadway+Company+%26+Mandy+Gonzalez+%E2%80%93+Breathe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgenius.com%2FIn-the-heights-original-broadway-company-and-mandy-gonzalez-breathe-lyrics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="#cite_ref-328">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Atomic_War!/1#/media/File:AtomicWar0109.jpg">"Atomic War! #1"</a>. p. 09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Atomic+War%21+%231&rft.pages=09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FAtomic_War%21%2F1%23%2Fmedia%2FFile%3AAtomicWar0109.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERockland2008130-329"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERockland2008130_329-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRockland2008">Rockland 2008</a>, p. 130. </li> <li id="cite_note-330"><a href="#cite_ref-330">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeighley2012" class="citation web cs1">Keighley, Geoff (May 16, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gamespot.com/articles/the-final-hours-of-metal-gear-solid-2-sons-of-liberty/1100-6376810/">"The Final Hours of Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty"</a>. <a href="/wiki/GameSpot" title="GameSpot">GameSpot</a>. Retrieved April 2, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GameSpot&rft.atitle=The+Final+Hours+of+Metal+Gear+Solid+2%3A+Sons+of+Liberty&rft.date=2012-05-16&rft.aulast=Keighley&rft.aufirst=Geoff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamespot.com%2Farticles%2Fthe-final-hours-of-metal-gear-solid-2-sons-of-liberty%2F1100-6376810%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rastorfer_2006-331"><a href="#cite_ref-Rastorfer_2006_331-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRastorfer2006" class="citation book cs1">Rastorfer, Darl (2006). George Washington Bridge : a timeless marvel. New York, N.Y: The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey in association with Darl Rastorfer and Associates. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9789640-0-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9789640-0-9"><bdi>978-0-9789640-0-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/85791384">85791384</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=George+Washington+Bridge+%3A+a+timeless+marvel&rft.place=New+York%2C+N.Y&rft.pub=The+Port+Authority+of+New+York+and+New+Jersey+in+association+with+Darl+Rastorfer+and+Associates&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F85791384&rft.isbn=978-0-9789640-0-9&rft.aulast=Rastorfer&rft.aufirst=Darl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-332"><a href="#cite_ref-332">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/fort-washington-park/highlights/11044">"Fort Washington Park Highlights"</a>. The Little Red Lighthouse : NYC Parks. June 26, 1939. Retrieved September 17, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Little+Red+Lighthouse+%3A+NYC+Parks&rft.atitle=Fort+Washington+Park+Highlights&rft.date=1939-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nycgovparks.org%2Fparks%2Ffort-washington-park%2Fhighlights%2F11044&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"> <ul><li>For the book itself, see: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwift1974" class="citation book cs1">Swift, Hildegarde (1974). The little red lighthouse and the great gray bridge. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-15-204573-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-15-204573-9"><bdi>978-0-15-204573-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/695588">695588</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+little+red+lighthouse+and+the+great+gray+bridge&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harcourt+Brace+Jovanovich&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F695588&rft.isbn=978-0-15-204573-9&rft.aulast=Swift&rft.aufirst=Hildegarde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRastorfer2000" class="citation book cs1">Rastorfer, Darl (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=A51VbeqTwogC&pg=PT177">"Chapter 2: The George Washington Bridge"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/41977224">Six bridges : the legacy of Othmar H. Ammann</a>. New Haven: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-08047-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-08047-6"><bdi>978-0-300-08047-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/41977224">41977224</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+2%3A+The+George+Washington+Bridge&rft.btitle=Six+bridges+%3A+the+legacy+of+Othmar+H.+Ammann&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F41977224&rft.isbn=978-0-300-08047-6&rft.aulast=Rastorfer&rft.aufirst=Darl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA51VbeqTwogC%26pg%3DPT177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReier2000" class="citation book cs1">Reier, Sharon (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4sU2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA85">The Bridges of New York</a>. New York City Series. Dover Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-41230-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-486-41230-6"><bdi>978-0-486-41230-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bridges+of+New+York&rft.series=New+York+City+Series&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-486-41230-6&rft.aulast=Reier&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4sU2DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRockland2008" class="citation book cs1">Rockland, Michael Aaron (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/georgewashington00rock_0">The George Washington Bridge: Poetry in Steel</a>. New Brunswick, NJ: <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University_Press" title="Rutgers University Press">Rutgers University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-4375-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-4375-8"><bdi>978-0-8135-4375-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+George+Washington+Bridge%3A+Poetry+in+Steel&rft.place=New+Brunswick%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8135-4375-8&rft.aulast=Rockland&rft.aufirst=Michael+Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgeorgewashington00rock_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSternGilmartinMellins1987" class="citation book cs1">Stern, Robert A. M.; Gilmartin, Patrick; Mellins, Thomas (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newyork1930archi0000ster">New York 1930: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Two World Wars</a>. New York: Rizzoli. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8478-3096-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8478-3096-1"><bdi>978-0-8478-3096-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/13860977">13860977</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+York+1930%3A+Architecture+and+Urbanism+Between+the+Two+World+Wars&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Rizzoli&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F13860977&rft.isbn=978-0-8478-3096-1&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.+M.&rft.au=Gilmartin%2C+Patrick&rft.au=Mellins%2C+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewyork1930archi0000ster&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Washington+Bridge" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Doig, Jameson W. Empire on the Hudson: Entrepreneurial vision and political power at the Port of New York Authority (Columbia University Press, 2013)</li> <li>Plotch, Philip M. and Jen Nelles, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.press.umich.edu//12009801">Mobilizing the Metropolis: How the Port Authority Built New York</a> (University of Michigan Press, 2023)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096941587">.mw-parser-output .attached-kml-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .attached-kml-error code{font-size:inherit;font-weight:normal;border:0}.mw-parser-output .kmldata,.mw-parser-output .attached-kml-wikidata{display:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px 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li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Attached_KML/George_Washington_Bridge&action=raw">KML file</a> (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Attached_KML/George_Washington_Bridge&action=edit">edit</a> • <a href="/wiki/Help:Attached_KML" title="Help:Attached KML">help</a>)</div></div> </div><div class="kmldata" data-server="en.wikipedia.org" title="Template:Attached KML/George Washington Bridge"><a href="/wiki/Template:Attached_KML/George_Washington_Bridge" title="Template:Attached KML/George Washington Bridge">Template:Attached KML/George Washington Bridge</a></div><div title="KML & Wikidata" class="attached-kml-wikidata">KML is from Wikidata</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="Structurae">Structurae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Documentation_Programs#Historic_American_Engineering_Record" title="Heritage Documentation Programs">Historic American Engineering Record</a> (HAER) No. NY-129, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/pictures/item/ny1264/">George Washington Bridge</a>", 77 photos, 12 color transparencies, 6 data pages, 8 photo caption pages</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2739">The George Washington Bridge in Heavy Smog, View Toward the New Jersey Side of the Hudson River</a> from <a href="/wiki/World_Digital_Library" title="World Digital Library">World Digital Library</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PANYNJ_navbox" title="Template:PANYNJ navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PANYNJ_navbox" title="Template talk:PANYNJ navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PANYNJ_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PANYNJ navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port Authority of New York and New Jersey">Port Authority of New York and New Jersey</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seaports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cargo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Howland_Hook_Marine_Terminal" title="Howland Hook Marine Terminal">Howland Hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Jersey" title="Port Jersey">Port Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Newark%E2%80%93Elizabeth_Marine_Terminal" title="Port Newark–Elizabeth Marine Terminal">Port Newark–Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hook_Container_Terminal" title="Red Hook Container Terminal">Red Hook</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Passenger</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Cruise_Terminal" title="Brooklyn Cruise Terminal">Brooklyn Cruise Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Liberty_Cruise_Port" title="Cape Liberty Cruise Port">Cape Liberty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Airports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City_International_Airport" title="Atlantic City International Airport">Atlantic City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport" title="John F. Kennedy International Airport">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaGuardia_Airport" title="LaGuardia Airport">LaGuardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark_Liberty_International_Airport" title="Newark Liberty International Airport">Newark Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_International_Airport" title="Stewart International Airport">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teterboro_Airport" title="Teterboro Airport">Teterboro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bridges and tunnels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayonne_Bridge" title="Bayonne Bridge">Bayonne Bridge</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George Washington Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goethals_Bridge" title="Goethals Bridge">Goethals Bridge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goethals_Bridge_(1928%E2%80%932017)" title="Goethals Bridge (1928–2017)">1928–2017 bridge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland_Tunnel" title="Holland Tunnel">Holland Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Tunnel" title="Lincoln Tunnel">Lincoln Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outerbridge_Crossing" title="Outerbridge Crossing">Outerbridge Crossing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rail</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Passenger</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AirTrain_JFK" title="AirTrain JFK">AirTrain JFK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirTrain_LaGuardia" title="AirTrain LaGuardia">AirTrain LaGuardia</a> (proposed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirTrain_Newark" title="AirTrain Newark">AirTrain Newark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_Program_(Northeast_Corridor)" title="Gateway Program (Northeast Corridor)">Gateway Project</a> (under construction)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark_Liberty_International_Airport_Station" title="Newark Liberty International Airport Station">Newark Airport Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PATH_(rail_system)" title="PATH (rail system)">PATH</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Freight</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenville_Yard" title="Greenville Yard">Greenville Yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExpressRail" title="ExpressRail">ExpressRail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_New_Jersey_Rail" title="New York New Jersey Rail">NYNJ Rail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bus stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Bridge_Bus_Station" title="George Washington Bridge Bus Station">GWB Bus Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_Square_Transportation_Center" title="Journal Square Transportation Center">Journal Square Transportation Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_Bus_Terminal" title="Port Authority Bus Terminal">Port Authority Bus Terminal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roadways</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dyer_Avenue" title="Dyer Avenue">Dyer Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland_Tunnel_Rotary" class="mw-redirect" title="Holland Tunnel Rotary">Holland Tunnel Rotary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Bridge_Plaza" title="George Washington Bridge Plaza">George Washington Bridge Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JFK_Expressway" title="JFK Expressway">JFK Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Tunnel_Expressway" title="Lincoln Tunnel Expressway">Lincoln Tunnel Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Tunnel_Helix" title="Lincoln Tunnel Helix">Lincoln Tunnel Helix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Manhattan_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans-Manhattan Expressway">Trans-Manhattan Expressway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/178th%E2%80%93179th_Street_Tunnels" title="178th–179th Street Tunnels">178th–179th Street Tunnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathgate_Industrial_Park" title="Bathgate Industrial Park">Bathgate Industrial Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battery_Park_City_Ferry_Terminal" title="Battery Park City Ferry Terminal">Battery Park City Ferry Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex_County_Resource_Recovery_Facility" title="Essex County Resource Recovery Facility">Essex County Resource Recovery Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Ocean_Terminal_at_Bayonne" title="Military Ocean Terminal at Bayonne">Military Ocean Terminal at Bayonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark_Legal_Center" title="Newark Legal Center">Newark Legal Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey_Police_Department" title="Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Police Department">PANYNJ Police Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleport,_Staten_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Teleport, Staten Island">Teleport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens_West" title="Queens West">Queens West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(2001%E2%80%93present)" title="World Trade Center (2001–present)">World Trade Center (2001–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/111_Eighth_Avenue" title="111 Eighth Avenue">111 Eighth Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Manhattan_Heliport" title="Downtown Manhattan Heliport">Downtown Manhattan Heliport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Terminal" title="Hudson Terminal">Hudson Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrace_on_the_Park" title="Terrace on the Park">Port Authority Pavilion (1964–1965)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_30th_Street_Heliport" title="West 30th Street Heliport">West 30th Street Heliport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973%E2%80%932001)" title="World Trade Center (1973–2001)">World Trade Center (1973–2001)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bridges_and_tunnels_in_New_York_City" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bridges_and_tunnels_in_New_York_City" title="Template:Bridges and tunnels in New York City"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bridges_and_tunnels_in_New_York_City" title="Template talk:Bridges and tunnels in New York City"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bridges_and_tunnels_in_New_York_City" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bridges and tunnels in New York City"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bridges_and_tunnels_in_New_York_City" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_and_tunnels_in_New_York_City" title="List of bridges and tunnels in New York City">Bridges and tunnels</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vehicular</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bridges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton_Bridge" title="Alexander Hamilton Bridge">Alexander Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayonne_Bridge" title="Bayonne Bridge">Bayonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_Bridge_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway Bridge (Manhattan)">Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge" title="Brooklyn Bridge">Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronx%E2%80%93Whitestone_Bridge" title="Bronx–Whitestone Bridge">Bronx–Whitestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_Street_Bridge" title="Carroll Street Bridge">Carroll Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Island_Bridge" title="City Island Bridge">City Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_Bay_Veterans_Memorial_Bridge" title="Cross Bay Veterans Memorial Bridge">Cross Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Street_Bridge" title="Grand Street Bridge">Grand Street</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goethals_Bridge" title="Goethals Bridge">Goethals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goethals_Bridge_(1928%E2%80%932017)" title="Goethals Bridge (1928–2017)">1928–2017</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenpoint_Avenue_Bridge" title="Greenpoint Avenue Bridge">Greenpoint Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson_Bridge" title="Henry Hudson Bridge">Henry Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Addabbo_Memorial_Bridge" title="Joseph P. Addabbo Memorial Bridge">Joseph P. Addabbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosciuszko_Bridge" title="Kosciuszko Bridge">Kosciuszko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macombs_Dam_Bridge" title="Macombs Dam Bridge">Macombs Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Avenue_Bridge" title="Madison Avenue Bridge">Madison Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Bridge" title="Manhattan Bridge">Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_Basin_Bridge" title="Mill Basin Bridge">Mill Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Parkway%E2%80%93Gil_Hodges_Memorial_Bridge" title="Marine Parkway–Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge">Marine Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outerbridge_Crossing" title="Outerbridge Crossing">Outerbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_Viaduct" title="Park Avenue Viaduct">Park Avenue Viaduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelham_Bridge" title="Pelham Bridge">Pelham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaski_Bridge" title="Pulaski Bridge">Pulaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queensboro_Bridge" title="Queensboro Bridge">Queensboro (Ed Koch)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rikers_Island_Bridge" title="Rikers Island Bridge">Rikers Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Bridge" title="Robert F. Kennedy Bridge">Robert F. Kennedy (Triborough)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Island_Bridge" title="Roosevelt Island Bridge">Roosevelt Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Avenue_Bridge_(New_York_City)" title="Third Avenue Bridge (New York City)">Third Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throgs_Neck_Bridge" title="Throgs Neck Bridge">Throgs Neck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Street_Bridge" title="Union Street Bridge">Union Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Heights_Bridge" title="University Heights Bridge">University Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verrazzano-Narrows_Bridge" title="Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge">Verrazzano-Narrows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Bridge_(Harlem_River)" title="Washington Bridge (Harlem River)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamsburg_Bridge" title="Williamsburg Bridge">Williamsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_Avenue_Bridge" title="Willis Avenue Bridge">Willis Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/145th_Street_Bridge" title="145th Street Bridge">145th Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tunnels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battery_Park_Underpass" title="Battery Park Underpass">Battery Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland_Tunnel" title="Holland Tunnel">Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn%E2%80%93Battery_Tunnel" title="Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel">Brooklyn–Battery (Hugh L. Carey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Tunnel" title="Lincoln Tunnel">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queens%E2%80%93Midtown_Tunnel" title="Queens–Midtown Tunnel">Queens–Midtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_Tunnel_(roadway)" title="Park Avenue Tunnel (roadway)">Park Avenue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pedestrian only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Bridges" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bridges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bow_Bridge_(Central_Park)" title="Bow Bridge (Central Park)">Bow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Bridge_(New_York_City)" title="High Bridge (New York City)">High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hook_Creek_Bridge" title="Hook Creek Bridge">Hook Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squibb_Park_Bridge" title="Squibb Park Bridge">Squibb Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wards_Island_Bridge" title="Wards Island Bridge">Wards Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Street_pedestrian_bridges" title="West Street pedestrian bridges">West Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Railroad and subway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bridges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Kill_Vertical_Lift_Bridge" title="Arthur Kill Vertical Lift Bridge">Arthur Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_Bridge_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway Bridge (Manhattan)">Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_River_Lift_Bridge" title="Harlem River Lift Bridge">Harlem River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hell_Gate_Bridge" title="Hell Gate Bridge">Hell Gate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Bridge" title="Manhattan Bridge">Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelham_Bay_Bridge" title="Pelham Bay Bridge">Pelham Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Channel_Bridge_(NYC_Subway)" class="mw-redirect" title="South Channel Bridge (NYC Subway)">South Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spuyten_Duyvil_Bridge" title="Spuyten Duyvil Bridge">Spuyten Duyvil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamsburg_Bridge" title="Williamsburg Bridge">Williamsburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tunnels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/14th_Street_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="14th Street Tunnel">14th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53rd_Street_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="53rd Street Tunnel">53rd Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/60th_Street_Tunnel" title="60th Street Tunnel">60th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/63rd_Street_Tunnel" title="63rd Street Tunnel">63rd Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/149th_Street_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="149th Street Tunnel">149th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Street_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Clark Street Tunnel">Clark Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concourse_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Concourse Tunnel">Concourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranberry_Street_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Cranberry Street Tunnel">Cranberry Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Hudson_Tubes" title="Downtown Hudson Tubes">Downtown Hudson Tubes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_River_Tunnels" title="East River Tunnels">East River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Tunnel" title="Freedom Tunnel">Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joralemon_Street_Tunnel" title="Joralemon Street Tunnel">Joralemon Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lexington Avenue Tunnel">Lexington Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montague_Street_Tunnel" title="Montague Street Tunnel">Montague Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_River_Tunnels" title="North River Tunnels">North River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_main_line" title="Park Avenue main line">Park Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutgers_Street_Tunnel" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutgers Street Tunnel">Rutgers Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steinway_Tunnel" title="Steinway Tunnel">Steinway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uptown_Hudson_Tubes" title="Uptown Hudson Tubes">Uptown Hudson Tubes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Transportation" title="New York City Department of Transportation">NYC Department of Transportation (NYCDOT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_State_Department_of_Transportation" title="New York State Department of Transportation">NYS Department of Transportation (NYSDOT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTA_Bridges_and_Tunnels" title="MTA Bridges and Tunnels">MTA Bridges and Tunnels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">MTA New York City Subway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey" title="Port Authority of New York and New Jersey">Port Authority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PATH_(rail_system)" title="PATH (rail system)">PATH Train</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Crossings_of_the_Hudson_River" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Crossings_of_the_Hudson_River" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Crossings of the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table width="100%"><tbody><tr> <td width="33%">Upstream <a href="/wiki/Tappan_Zee_Bridge_(2017-present)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tappan Zee Bridge (2017-present)">Tappan Zee Bridge</a> <a href="/wiki/File:I-87.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/I-87.svg/20px-I-87.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/I-87.svg/30px-I-87.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/I-87.svg/40px-I-87.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:I-287.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/I-287.svg/25px-I-287.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/I-287.svg/38px-I-287.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/I-287.svg/50px-I-287.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="751" data-file-height="601" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:NYS_Thruway_Sign.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/NYS_Thruway_Sign.svg/20px-NYS_Thruway_Sign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/NYS_Thruway_Sign.svg/30px-NYS_Thruway_Sign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/NYS_Thruway_Sign.svg/40px-NYS_Thruway_Sign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></td> <td width="34%" style="border-left:1px solid #aaaaaa;border-right:1px solid #aaaaaa;">George Washington Bridge <a href="/wiki/File:I-95.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/I-95.svg/20px-I-95.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/I-95.svg/30px-I-95.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/I-95.svg/40px-I-95.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="601" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:US_1-9.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/US_1-9.svg/25px-US_1-9.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/US_1-9.svg/38px-US_1-9.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/US_1-9.svg/50px-US_1-9.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="410" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:US_46.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/US_46.svg/20px-US_46.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/US_46.svg/30px-US_46.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/US_46.svg/40px-US_46.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> <td width="33%">Downstream <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Tunnel" title="Lincoln Tunnel">Lincoln Tunnel</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Ellipse_sign_495.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Ellipse_sign_495.svg/25px-Ellipse_sign_495.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Ellipse_sign_495.svg/38px-Ellipse_sign_495.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Ellipse_sign_495.svg/50px-Ellipse_sign_495.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="192" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:NY-495.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/NY-495.svg/25px-NY-495.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/NY-495.svg/38px-NY-495.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/NY-495.svg/50px-NY-495.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="600" /></a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="George_Washington" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:George_Washington" title="Template:George Washington"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:George_Washington" title="Template talk:George Washington"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:George_Washington" title="Special:EditPage/Template:George Washington"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="George_Washington" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">1st</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (1789–1797)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commanding_General_of_the_United_States_Army" title="Commanding General of the United States Army">Senior Officer of the Army</a> (1798–1799)</li> <li>Commander-in-Chief of the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Continental Army</a> (1775–1783)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_delegates_to_the_Continental_Congress" title="List of delegates to the Continental Congress">Delegate</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Continental_Congress" title="Second Continental Congress">Second Continental Congress</a> (1775)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_delegates_to_the_Continental_Congress" title="List of delegates to the Continental Congress">Delegate</a> to the <a href="/wiki/First_Continental_Congress" title="First Continental Congress">First Continental Congress</a> (1774)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_George_Washington" title="Military career of George Washington">Military career</a> <a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Revolutionary War</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_George_Washington" title="Military career of George Washington">Military career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_in_the_French_and_Indian_War" title="George Washington in the French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jumonville_Glen" title="Battle of Jumonville Glen">Jumonville Glen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Necessity" title="Battle of Fort Necessity">Battle of Fort Necessity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Monongahela" title="Battle of the Monongahela">Battle of the Monongahela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbes_Expedition" title="Forbes Expedition">Forbes Expedition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_in_the_American_Revolution" title="George Washington in the American Revolution">Washington in the American Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Army" title="Continental Army">Commander-in-chief, Continental Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_aides-de-camp" title="Washington's aides-de-camp">Aides-de-camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Washington%27s_Headquarters_during_the_Revolutionary_War" title="List of Washington's Headquarters during the Revolutionary War">Washington's headquarters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_tent" title="George Washington's tent">office and sleeping tent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_campaign" title="Boston campaign">Boston campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Boston" title="Siege of Boston">Siege of Boston</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_and_New_Jersey_campaign" title="New York and New Jersey campaign">New York and New Jersey campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_crossing_of_the_Delaware_River" title="George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River">Delaware River crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trenton" title="Battle of Trenton">Battle of Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Assunpink_Creek" title="Battle of the Assunpink Creek">Battle of the Assunpink Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Princeton" title="Battle of Princeton">Battle of Princeton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_campaign" title="Philadelphia campaign">Philadelphia campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brandywine" title="Battle of Brandywine">Battle of Brandywine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Germantown" title="Battle of Germantown">Battle of Germantown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_White_Marsh" title="Battle of White Marsh">Battle of White Marsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge" title="Valley Forge">Valley Forge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monmouth" title="Battle of Monmouth">Battle of Monmouth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Saratoga" title="Battles of Saratoga">Battles of Saratoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan_Expedition" title="Sullivan Expedition">Sullivan Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorktown_campaign" title="Yorktown campaign">Yorktown campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown" title="Siege of Yorktown">Siege of Yorktown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culper_Ring" title="Culper Ring">Culper Spy Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newburgh_Conspiracy" title="Newburgh Conspiracy">Newburgh Conspiracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newburgh_letter" title="Newburgh letter">Newburgh letter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asgill_Affair" title="Asgill Affair">Asgill Affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evacuation_Day_(New_York)" title="Evacuation Day (New York)">Evacuation Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_resignation_as_commander-in-chief" title="George Washington's resignation as commander-in-chief">Resignation as commander-in-chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badge_of_Military_Merit" title="Badge of Military Merit">Badge of Military Merit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Purple_Heart" title="Purple Heart">Purple Heart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Before_Boston_Medal" title="Washington Before Boston Medal">Washington Before Boston Medal</a></li> <li>Horses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_(horse)" title="Nelson (horse)">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueskin_(horse)" title="Blueskin (horse)">Blueskin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Other U.S. founding events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Association" title="Virginia Association">Initiated, co-wrote, 1769 Virginia Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairfax_Resolves" title="Fairfax Resolves">Initiated, 1774 Fairfax Resolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Association" title="Continental Association">Continental Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeals_in_Cases_of_Capture" title="Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture">Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Conference" title="Mount Vernon Conference">1785 Mount Vernon Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Convention_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Convention (United States)">Chairman, 1787 Constitutional Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_political_evolution" title="George Washington's political evolution">George Washington's political evolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington" title="Presidency of George Washington">Presidency</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_Washington_presidency" title="Timeline of the George Washington presidency">timeline)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1788%E2%80%9389_United_States_presidential_election" title="1788–89 United States presidential election">1788–89 United States presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_George_Washington" title="First inauguration of George Washington">First inauguration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Inaugural_Bible" title="George Washington Inaugural Bible">inaugural bible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792_United_States_presidential_election" title="1792 United States presidential election">1792 presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_George_Washington" title="Second inauguration of George Washington">Second inauguration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_reception_at_Trenton" title="George Washington's reception at Trenton">Reception at Trenton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._President_(title)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr. President (title)">Title of "Mr. President"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Secretary of the Treasury">Secretary of the Treasury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_Act_of_1789" title="Judiciary Act of 1789">Judiciary Act of 1789</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An_act_to_regulate_the_time_and_manner_of_administering_certain_oaths" title="An act to regulate the time and manner of administering certain oaths">Oath Administration Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonintercourse_Act" title="Nonintercourse Act">Nonintercourse Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiskey_Rebellion" title="Whiskey Rebellion">Whiskey Rebellion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Militia_Acts_of_1792" title="Militia Acts of 1792">Militia Acts of 1792</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coinage_Act_of_1792" title="Coinage Act of 1792">Coinage Act of 1792</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mint" title="United States Mint">United States Mint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_Succession_Act" title="Presidential Succession Act">Presidential Succession Act of 1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_cornerstone_laying" title="United States Capitol cornerstone laying">United States Capitol cornerstone laying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Neutrality" title="Proclamation of Neutrality">Proclamation of Neutrality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neutrality_Act_of_1794" title="Neutrality Act of 1794">Neutrality Act of 1794</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Treaty" title="Jay Treaty">Jay Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinckney%27s_Treaty" title="Pinckney's Treaty">Pinckney's Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slave_Trade_Act_of_1794" title="Slave Trade Act of 1794">Slave Trade Act of 1794</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Residence_Act" title="Residence Act">Residence Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Thanksgiving_Proclamation" title="National Thanksgiving Proclamation">Thanksgiving Proclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Farewell_Address" title="George Washington's Farewell Address">Farewell Address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1790_State_of_the_Union_Address" class="mw-redirect" title="1790 State of the Union Address">State of the Union Address 1790</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1791_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1791 State of the Union Address">1791</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1792_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1792 State of the Union Address">1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1793_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1793 State of the Union Address">1793</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1796_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="1796 State of the Union Address">1796</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington#Administration,_Cabinet_and_Supreme_Court_appointments" title="Presidency of George Washington">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_Washington" title="List of federal judges appointed by George Washington">Federal judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Rutledge_Supreme_Court_nominations" title="John Rutledge Supreme Court nominations">John Rutledge Supreme Court nominations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Views and public image</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fred_W._Smith_National_Library_for_the_Study_of_George_Washington" title="Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington">Presidential library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Papers" title="The Washington Papers">The Washington Papers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_of_George_Washington" title="Religious views of George Washington">Religious views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_Destroyer" title="Town Destroyer">Town Destroyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legacy_of_George_Washington" title="Legacy of George Washington">Legacy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and homes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington#Early_life_(1732–1753)" title="George Washington">Early life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Birthplace_National_Monument" title="George Washington Birthplace National Monument">Birthplace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferry_Farm" title="Ferry Farm">Ferry Farm boyhood home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon" title="Mount Vernon">Mount Vernon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Fishery" title="George Washington's Fishery">Fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Gristmill" title="George Washington's Gristmill">Gristmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_Rye_Whiskey" title="George Washington's Rye Whiskey">Whiskey distillery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodlawn_(Alexandria,_Virginia)" title="Woodlawn (Alexandria, Virginia)">Woodlawn Plantation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longfellow_House%E2%80%93Washington%27s_Headquarters_National_Historic_Site" title="Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site">Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Mansion" title="Ford Mansion">Ford Mansion, Washington's headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_Headquarters_State_Historic_Site" title="Washington's Headquarters State Historic Site">Hasbrouck House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Osgood_House" title="Samuel Osgood House">First Presidential Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Macomb_House" title="Alexander Macomb House">Second Presidential Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_House_(Philadelphia)" title="President's House (Philadelphia)">President's House, Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germantown_White_House" title="Germantown White House">Germantown White House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Parke_Custis#Estate" title="Daniel Parke Custis">Custis estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington%27s_relations_with_the_Iroquois_Confederacy" title="George Washington's relations with the Iroquois Confederacy">Washington's relations with the Iroquois Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potomac_Company" title="Potomac Company">Potomac Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_River_and_Kanawha_Canal" title="James River and Kanawha Canal">James River and Kanawha Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Road_Lottery" title="Mountain Road Lottery">Mountain Road Lottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Gold_Medal" title="Congressional Gold Medal">Congressional Gold Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanks_of_Congress" title="Thanks of Congress">Thanks of Congress</a></li> <li>President General of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Cincinnati" title="Society of the Cincinnati">Society of the Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_College" title="Washington College">Washington College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_and_Lee_University" title="Washington and Lee University">Washington and Lee University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_George_Washington" title="Electoral history of George Washington">Electoral history of George Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-presidency_of_George_Washington" title="Post-presidency of George Washington">Post-presidency of George Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_memorials_to_George_Washington" title="List of memorials to George Washington">Memorials</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_George_Washington" title="Cultural depictions of George Washington">depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore" title="Mount Rushmore">Mount Rushmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents%27_Day" title="Presidents' Day">Washington's Birthday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purple_Heart" title="Purple Heart">Purple Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Apotheosis_of_Washington" title="The Apotheosis of Washington">The Apotheosis of Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument_State_Park" title="Washington Monument State Park">Washington Monument (Boonsboro, Maryland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument_(Baltimore)" title="Washington Monument (Baltimore)">Washington Monument (Baltimore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Houdon)" title="Statue of George Washington (Houdon)">George Washington (Houdon)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(copy_of_bust_by_Houdon)" title="George Washington (copy of bust by Houdon)">plaster copy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Ceracchi)" title="George Washington (Ceracchi)">George Washington (Ceracchi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Canova)" title="George Washington (Canova)">George Washington (Canova)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Greenough)" title="George Washington (Greenough)">George Washington (Greenough)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Trumbull)" title="George Washington (Trumbull)">George Washington (Trumbull)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_the_Revolutionary_War_Door" title="George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door">George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_War_Door" title="Revolutionary War Door">Revolutionary War Door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_(1851_paintings)" title="Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851 paintings)">Washington Crossing the Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Passage_of_the_Delaware" title="The Passage of the Delaware">The Passage of the Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_George_Washington_at_Trenton" title="General George Washington at Trenton">General George Washington at Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_at_Verplanck%27s_Point" title="Washington at Verplanck's Point">Washington at Verplanck's Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_George_Washington_Resigning_His_Commission" title="General George Washington Resigning His Commission">General George Washington Resigning His Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Lord_Cornwallis" title="Surrender of Lord Cornwallis">Surrender of Lord Cornwallis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athenaeum_Portrait" title="Athenaeum Portrait">Unfinished portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lansdowne_portrait" title="Lansdowne portrait">Lansdowne portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Family" title="The Washington Family">The Washington Family portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_at_Princeton" title="Washington at Princeton">Washington at Princeton paintings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrait_of_George_Washington_Taking_the_Salute_at_Trenton" title="Portrait of George Washington Taking the Salute at Trenton">George Washington Taking the Salute at Trenton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reception_to_Washington_on_April_21,_1789,_at_Trenton_on_his_way_to_New_York_to_Assume_the_Duties_of_the_Presidency_of_the_United_States" title="Reception to Washington on April 21, 1789, at Trenton on his way to New York to Assume the Duties of the Presidency of the United States">Reception at Trenton painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_of_George_Washington" title="List of statues of George Washington">Statues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trenton_Battle_Monument" title="Trenton Battle Monument">Trenton Battle Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_Battle_Monument" title="Princeton Battle Monument">Princeton Battle Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_of_View_(West)" title="Point of View (West)">Point of View sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_on_Horseback" title="George Washington on Horseback">George Washington on Horseback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Statue of George Washington (Austin, Texas)">Austin statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Bartholomew)" title="George Washington (Bartholomew)">Baltimore statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Boston)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Boston)">Boston statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Mexico_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Statue of George Washington (Mexico City)">Mexico City statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Morristown,_New_Jersey)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Morristown, New Jersey)">Morristown statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Newark)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Newark)">Newark statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(New_York_City)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (New York City)">New York City statue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Wall_Street)" title="Statue of George Washington (Wall Street)">Wall Street statue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Paris)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Paris)">Paris statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Perth_Amboy,_New_Jersey)" title="Statue of George Washington (Perth Amboy, New Jersey)">Perth Amboy statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(Bailly)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Washington (Bailly)">Philadelphia statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Washington_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Statue of George Washington (Portland, Oregon)">Portland statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_George_Washington_(Washington_Circle)" title="Equestrian statue of George Washington (Washington Circle)">Washington, D.C. statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument_(West_Point)" title="Washington Monument (West Point)">West Point monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis" title="Washington University in St. Louis">Washington University in St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Masonic_National_Memorial" title="George Washington Masonic National Memorial">Washington Masonic National Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Memorial_Parkway" title="George Washington Memorial Parkway">George Washington Memorial Parkway</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George Washington Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_Jefferson_National_Forests" title="George Washington and Jefferson National Forests">Washington and Jefferson National Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_Park" title="Washington Square Park">Washington Square Park</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_Arch" title="Washington Square Arch">Arch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidents_of_the_United_States_on_U.S._postage_stamps" title="Presidents of the United States on U.S. postage stamps">U.S. Postage stamps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Franklin_Issues" title="Washington–Franklin Issues">Washington–Franklin Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Bicentennial_stamps_of_1932" title="Washington Bicentennial stamps of 1932">1932 bicentennial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_on_currency#George_Washington" title="List of presidents of the United States on currency">Currency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_quarter" title="Washington quarter">Washington quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50_State_Quarters" class="mw-redirect" title="50 State Quarters">50 State Quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_and_United_States_Territories_quarters" title="District of Columbia and United States Territories quarters">D.C. and territories quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_quarters" title="America the Beautiful quarters">America the Beautiful quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Women_quarters" title="American Women quarters">American Women quarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_Instructing_Youth" title="History Instructing Youth">History Instructing Youth dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_one-dollar_bill" title="United States one-dollar bill">Washington dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_dollar" title="Lafayette dollar">Lafayette dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_the_Beautiful_silver_bullion_coins" title="America the Beautiful silver bullion coins">Silver bullion coins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_nickel" title="Washington nickel">Washington nickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_half_eagle" title="George Washington half eagle">Washington half eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_250th_Anniversary_half_dollar" title="George Washington 250th Anniversary half dollar">250th Anniversary half dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore_Anniversary_coins" title="Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins">Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Washington" title="Mount Washington">Mount Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_George_Washington" title="Cultural depictions of George Washington">Cultural depictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_(miniseries)" title="George Washington (miniseries)">George Washington (1984 miniseries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_II:_The_Forging_of_a_Nation" title="George Washington II: The Forging of a Nation">1986 sequel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_More_Perfect_Union_(film)" title="A More Perfect Union (film)">A More Perfect Union (1989 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crossing_(2000_film)" title="The Crossing (2000 film)">The Crossing (2000 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Fight_to_Be_Free" title="We Fight to Be Free">We Fight to Be Free (2006 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turn:_Washington%27s_Spies" title="Turn: Washington's Spies">Turn: Washington's Spies (2014–2017 series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_War_that_Made_America" title="The War that Made America">The War that Made America (2006 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_(miniseries)" title="Washington (miniseries)">Washington (2020 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(musical)" title="Hamilton (musical)">Hamilton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(2020_film)" title="Hamilton (2020 film)">film</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_George_Washington" title="Bibliography of George Washington">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_Washington_articles" title="List of George Washington articles">List of articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founders_Online" title="Founders Online">Founders Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Era" title="Federalist Era">Federalist Era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_dynasty" title="Virginia dynasty">Virginia dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Washington_family" title="Coat of arms of the Washington family">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mason_Locke_Weems#The_cherry-tree_anecdote" title="Mason Locke Weems">Cherry-tree anecdote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Farm#Washington_at_River_Farm" title="River Farm">River Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_Crossing" title="Washington's Crossing">Washington's Crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%E2%80%93Rochambeau_Revolutionary_Route" title="Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route">Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_House_(Barbados)" title="George Washington House (Barbados)">1751 Barbados trip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:George_Washington" title="Category:George Washington">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syng_inkstand" title="Syng inkstand">Syng inkstand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_of_the_Armies" title="General of the Armies">General of the Armies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conway_Cabal" title="Conway Cabal">Conway Cabal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Foxhound" title="American Foxhound">American Foxhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Philosophical_Society" title="American Philosophical Society">American Philosophical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_(American_Revolution)" title="Patriot (American Revolution)">patriots</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betsy_Ross_flag" title="Betsy Ross flag">Betsy Ross flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Ladies%27_Association" title="Mount Vernon Ladies' Association">Mount Vernon Ladies' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon_Mansion_replicas" title="Mount Vernon Mansion replicas">Mount Vernon replicas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Memorial_Building" title="George Washington Memorial Building">George Washington Memorial Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_theft_of_George_Washington%27s_skull" title="Attempted theft of George Washington's skull">Attempted theft of Washington's skull</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Washington_family" title="Washington family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Washington" title="Martha Washington">Martha Washington</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Parke_Custis" title="John Parke Custis">John Parke Custis</a> (stepson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Parke_Custis" title="George Washington Parke Custis">George Washington Parke Custis</a> (step-grandson, adopted son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Parke_Custis_Lewis" title="Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis">Eleanor Parke Custis</a> (step-granddaughter, adopted daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Washington" title="Augustine Washington">Augustine Washington</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ball_Washington" title="Mary Ball Washington">Mary Ball Washington</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Washington_(1718%E2%80%931752)" title="Lawrence Washington (1718–1752)">Lawrence Washington</a> (half-brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Washington_Jr." title="Augustine Washington Jr.">Augustine Washington Jr.</a> (half-brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Washington_Lewis" title="Elizabeth Washington Lewis">Elizabeth Washington Lewis</a> (sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Washington" title="Samuel Washington">Samuel Washington</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Augustine_Washington" title="John Augustine Washington">John A. Washington</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Washington" title="Charles Washington">Charles Washington</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Washington_(1659%E2%80%931698)" title="Lawrence Washington (1659–1698)">Lawrence Washington</a> (grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mildred_Gale" title="Mildred Gale">Mildred Gale</a> (grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Washington" title="John Washington">John Washington</a> (great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Reade_(colonial_governor)" title="George Reade (colonial governor)">George Reade</a> (2nd great-grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushrod_Washington" title="Bushrod Washington">Bushrod Washington</a> (nephew)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Slavery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_slavery" title="George Washington and slavery">Washington and slavery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_enslaved_people_of_Mount_Vernon" title="List of enslaved people of Mount Vernon">List of enslaved people of Mount Vernon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_(slave)" title="Betty (slave)">Betty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Branham" title="Caroline Branham">Caroline Branham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Costin" title="William Costin">William Costin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Ford" title="West Ford">West Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Johnson_(Mount_Vernon)" title="Sarah Johnson (Mount Vernon)">Sarah Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oney_Judge" class="mw-redirect" title="Oney Judge">Oney Judge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Lee_(valet)" title="Philip Lee (valet)">Philip Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lee_(valet)" title="William Lee (valet)">William Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercules_Posey" title="Hercules Posey">Hercules Posey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Sheels" title="Christopher Sheels">Christopher Sheels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Squash" title="Deborah Squash">Deborah Squash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Washington" title="Harry Washington">Harry Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:George_Washington" title="Category:George Washington">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fort_Lee,_New_Jersey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fort_Lee,_New_Jersey" title="Template:Fort Lee, New Jersey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fort_Lee,_New_Jersey" title="Template talk:Fort Lee, New Jersey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fort_Lee,_New_Jersey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fort Lee, New Jersey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fort_Lee,_New_Jersey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee,_New_Jersey" title="Fort Lee, New Jersey">Fort Lee, New Jersey</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Municipal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee_Police_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Lee Police Department">Fort Lee Police Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee_School_District" title="Fort Lee School District">Fort Lee School District</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee_High_School" title="Fort Lee High School">Fort Lee High School</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Sokolich" title="Mark Sokolich">Mayor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrymore_Film_Center" title="Barrymore Film Center">Barrymore Film Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee_Historic_Park" title="Fort Lee Historic Park">Fort Lee Historic Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee_Museum" title="Fort Lee Museum">Fort Lee Museum</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George Washington Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Bridge_Plaza" title="George Washington Bridge Plaza">George Washington Bridge Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreatown,_Fort_Lee" class="mw-redirect" title="Koreatown, Fort Lee">Koreatown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_Church_(Fort_Lee,_New_Jersey)" title="Madonna Church (Fort Lee, New Jersey)">Madonna Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Fort_Lee,_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tallest buildings in Fort Lee, New Jersey">Tallest buildings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States#Origins_and_Fort_Lee" title="Cinema of the United States">America's first motion picture industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee_Historic_Park#Battle_of_Fort_Lee" title="Fort Lee Historic Park">Battle of Fort Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee_lane_closure_scandal" title="Fort Lee lane closure scandal">Fort Lee lane closure scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palisades_Amusement_Park" title="Palisades Amusement Park">Palisades Amusement Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>This list is incomplete.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hudson_River_watershed" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hudson_River" title="Template:Hudson River"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hudson_River" title="Template talk:Hudson River"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hudson_River" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hudson River"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hudson_River_watershed" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a> watershed</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tributaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batavia_Kill_(Schoharie_Creek_tributary)" title="Batavia Kill (Schoharie Creek tributary)">Batavia Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batten_Kill" title="Batten Kill">Batten Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birch_Creek_(Esopus_Creek_tributary)" title="Birch Creek (Esopus Creek tributary)">Birch Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Meadow_Creek" title="Black Meadow Creek">Black Meadow Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boreas_River" title="Boreas River">Boreas River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowery_Creek" title="Bowery Creek">Bowery Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowmans_Creek" title="Bowmans Creek">Bowmans Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakneck_Brook" title="Breakneck Brook">Breakneck Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brimstone_Creek" title="Brimstone Creek">Brimstone Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canajoharie_Creek" title="Canajoharie Creek">Canajoharie Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroga_Creek" title="Caroga Creek">Caroga Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casperkill" title="Casperkill">Casperkill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catskill_Creek" title="Catskill Creek">Catskill Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayadutta_Creek" title="Cayadutta Creek">Cayadutta Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_River_(New_York)" title="Cedar River (New York)">Cedar River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claverack_Creek" title="Claverack Creek">Claverack Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clove_Brook" title="Clove Brook">Clove Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobleskill_Creek" title="Cobleskill Creek">Cobleskill Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coeymans_Creek" title="Coeymans Creek">Coeymans Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coxsackie_Creek" title="Coxsackie Creek">Coxsackie Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_River_(New_York)" title="Cross River (New York)">Cross River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croton_River" title="Croton River">Croton River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Branch_Croton_River" title="East Branch Croton River">East Branch Croton River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Branch_Sacandaga_River" title="East Branch Sacandaga River">East Branch Sacandaga River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Canada_Creek" title="East Canada Creek">East Canada Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Kill" title="East Kill">East Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eightmile_Creek_(Tenmile_Creek)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eightmile Creek (Tenmile Creek)">Eightmile Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esopus_Creek" title="Esopus Creek">Esopus Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_Kill" title="Fall Kill">Fall Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishkill_Creek" title="Fishkill Creek">Fishkill Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fonteyn_Kill" title="Fonteyn Kill">Fonteyn Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulmer_Creek" title="Fulmer Creek">Fulmer Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannacrois_Creek" title="Hannacrois Creek">Hannacrois Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honnedaga_Brook" title="Honnedaga Brook">Honnedaga Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoosic_River" title="Hoosic River">Hoosic River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_River_(Hudson_River_tributary)" title="Indian River (Hudson River tributary)">Indian River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Creek_(Sprout_Creek)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackson Creek (Sprout Creek)">Jackson Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_De_Bakkers_Kill" title="Jan De Bakkers Kill">Jan De Bakkers Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaaterskill_Creek" title="Kaaterskill Creek">Kaaterskill Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayaderosseras" title="Kayaderosseras">Kayaderosseras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinderhook_Creek" title="Kinderhook Creek">Kinderhook Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisco_River" title="Kisco River">Kisco River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Creek_(New_York)" title="Lake Creek (New York)">Lake Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Shawangunk_Kill" title="Little Shawangunk Kill">Little Shawangunk Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritje_Kill" title="Maritje Kill">Maritje Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miami_River_(New_York)" title="Miami River (New York)">Miami River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_Creek_(Hudson_River)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mill Creek (Hudson River)">Mill Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_River" title="Mohawk River">Mohawk River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moodna_Creek" title="Moodna Creek">Moodna Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moordener_Kill" title="Moordener Kill">Moordener Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyer_Creek" title="Moyer Creek">Moyer Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muddy_Kill" title="Muddy Kill">Muddy Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neepaulakating_Creek" title="Neepaulakating Creek">Neepaulakating Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normans_Kill" title="Normans Kill">Normans Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowadaga_Creek" title="Nowadaga Creek">Nowadaga Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohisa_Creek" title="Ohisa Creek">Ohisa Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onesquethaw_Creek" title="Onesquethaw Creek">Onesquethaw Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opalescent_River" title="Opalescent River">Opalescent River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriskany_Creek" title="Oriskany Creek">Oriskany Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otsquago_Creek" title="Otsquago Creek">Otsquago Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otter_Kill" title="Otter Kill">Otter Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papakating_Creek" title="Papakating Creek">Papakating Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peekskill_Hollow_Creek" title="Peekskill Hollow Creek">Peekskill Hollow Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plattekill_Creek" title="Plattekill Creek">Plattekill Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platter_Kill" title="Platter Kill">Platter Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocantico_River" title="Pocantico River">Pocantico River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pochuck_Creek" title="Pochuck Creek">Pochuck Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poesten_Kill" title="Poesten Kill">Poesten Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potic_Creek" title="Potic Creek">Potic Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quassaick_Creek" title="Quassaick Creek">Quassaick Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roeliff_Jansen_Kill" title="Roeliff Jansen Kill">Roeliff Jansen Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rondout_Creek" title="Rondout Creek">Rondout Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacandaga_River" title="Sacandaga River">Sacandaga River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauquoit_Creek" title="Sauquoit Creek">Sauquoit Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saw_Kill_(Hudson_River)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saw Kill (Hudson River)">Saw Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saw_Mill_River" title="Saw Mill River">Saw Mill River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawyer_Kill" title="Sawyer Kill">Sawyer Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoharie_Creek" title="Schoharie Creek">Schoharie Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schroon_River" title="Schroon River">Schroon River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawangunk_Kill" title="Shawangunk Kill">Shawangunk Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparkill_Creek" title="Sparkill Creek">Sparkill Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprout_Creek" title="Sprout Creek">Sprout Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steele_Creek_(Mohawk_River_tributary)" title="Steele Creek (Mohawk River tributary)">Steele Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockport_Creek" title="Stockport Creek">Stockport Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stony_Clove_Creek" title="Stony Clove Creek">Stony Clove Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taghkanic_Creek" title="Taghkanic Creek">Taghkanic Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenmile_Creek_(Catskill_Creek)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenmile Creek (Catskill Creek)">Tenmile Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tin_Brook" title="Tin Brook">Tin Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titicus_River" title="Titicus River">Titicus River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trout_Brook_(Schroon_River_tributary)" title="Trout Brook (Schroon River tributary)">Trout Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verkeerder_Kill" title="Verkeerder Kill">Verkeerder Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vloman_Kill" title="Vloman Kill">Vloman Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallkill_River" title="Wallkill River">Wallkill River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walloomsac_River" title="Walloomsac River">Walloomsac River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wappinger_Creek" title="Wappinger Creek">Wappinger Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wawayanda_Creek" title="Wawayanda Creek">Wawayanda Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Branch_Papakating_Creek" title="West Branch Papakating Creek">West Branch Papakating Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Branch_Sacandaga_River" title="West Branch Sacandaga River">West Branch Sacandaga River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Canada_Creek" title="West Canada Creek">West Canada Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Kill" title="West Kill">West Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wynants_Kill" title="Wynants Kill">Wynants Kill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcove_Reservoir" title="Alcove Reservoir">Alcove Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashokan_Reservoir" title="Ashokan Reservoir">Ashokan Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic_Creek_Reservoir" title="Basic Creek Reservoir">Basic Creek Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beacon_Reservoir_(Dutchess_County,_New_York)" title="Beacon Reservoir (Dutchess County, New York)">Beacon Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bog_Brook_Reservoir" title="Bog Brook Reservoir">Bog Brook Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Lake_(New_York)" title="Cedar Lake (New York)">Cedar Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadwick_Lake" title="Chadwick Lake">Chadwick Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chub_Lake_(New_York)" title="Chub Lake (New York)">Chub Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_River_Reservoir" title="Cross River Reservoir">Cross River Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croton_Falls_Reservoir" title="Croton Falls Reservoir">Croton Falls Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyken_Pond" title="Dyken Pond">Dyken Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Branch_Reservoir" title="East Branch Reservoir">East Branch Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Caroga_Lake" title="East Caroga Lake">East Caroga Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_Lake_(New_York)" title="Fall Lake (New York)">Fall Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklinton_Vlaie" title="Franklinton Vlaie">Franklinton Vlaie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garnet_Lake" title="Garnet Lake">Garnet Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenmere_Lake" title="Glenmere Lake">Glenmere Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Sacandaga_Lake" title="Great Sacandaga Lake">Great Sacandaga Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Vlaie" title="Great Vlaie">Great Vlaie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henderson_Lake_(New_York)" title="Henderson Lake (New York)">Henderson Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honnedaga_Lake" title="Honnedaga Lake">Honnedaga Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Lake_(Hamilton_County,_New_York)" title="Indian Lake (Hamilton County, New York)">Indian Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizard_Pond_(New_York)" title="Lizard Pond (New York)">Lizard Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Maratanza" title="Lake Maratanza">Lake Maratanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscoot_Reservoir" title="Muscoot Reservoir">Muscoot Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Neepaulin" title="Lake Neepaulin">Lake Neepaulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Croton_Reservoir" title="New Croton Reservoir">New Croton Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notch_Lake" title="Notch Lake">Notch Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piseco_Lake" title="Piseco Lake">Piseco Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Pleasant_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Pleasant (New York)">Lake Pleasant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queechy_Lake" title="Queechy Lake">Queechy Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rondout_Reservoir" title="Rondout Reservoir">Rondout Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacandaga_Lake" title="Sacandaga Lake">Sacandaga Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratoga_Lake" title="Saratoga Lake">Saratoga Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturgeon_Pool" title="Sturgeon Pool">Sturgeon Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surprise_Lake_Camp" title="Surprise Lake Camp">Surprise Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvan_Lake_(New_York)" title="Sylvan Lake (New York)">Sylvan Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tear_of_the_Clouds" title="Lake Tear of the Clouds">Lake Tear of the Clouds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thompson_Pond" title="Thompson Pond">Thompson Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titicus_Reservoir" title="Titicus Reservoir">Titicus Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trout_Lake_(Arietta,_Hamilton_County,_New_York)" title="Trout Lake (Arietta, Hamilton County, New York)">Trout Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Caroga_Lake" title="West Caroga Lake">West Caroga Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whaley_Lake" title="Whaley Lake">Whaley Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnisook_Lake" title="Winnisook Lake">Winnisook Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New York</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_(city),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Amsterdam (city), New York">Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beacon,_New_York" title="Beacon, New York">Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedford_(town),_New_York" title="Bedford (town), New York">Bedford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beekman,_New_York" title="Beekman, New York">Beekman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennington,_Vermont" title="Bennington, Vermont">Bennington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem,_New_York" title="Bethlehem, New York">Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blooming_Grove,_New_York" title="Blooming Grove, New York">Blooming Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Briarcliff_Manor,_New_York" title="Briarcliff Manor, New York">Briarcliff Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmel,_New_York" title="Carmel, New York">Carmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catskill_(town),_New_York" title="Catskill (town), New York">Catskill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifton_Park,_New_York" title="Clifton Park, New York">Clifton Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cohoes,_New_York" title="Cohoes, New York">Cohoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonie,_New_York" title="Colonie, New York">Colonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortlandt,_New_York" title="Cortlandt, New York">Cortlandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Fishkill,_New_York" title="East Fishkill, New York">East Fishkill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Greenbush,_New_York" title="East Greenbush, New York">East Greenbush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishkill_(town),_New_York" title="Fishkill (town), New York">Fishkill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenville,_Schenectady_County,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Glenville, Schenectady County, New York">Glenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloversville,_New_York" title="Gloversville, New York">Gloversville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenburgh,_New_York" title="Greenburgh, New York">Greenburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guilderland,_New_York" title="Guilderland, New York">Guilderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halfmoon,_New_York" title="Halfmoon, New York">Halfmoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herkimer_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Herkimer (town), New York">Herkimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haverstraw_(village),_New_York" title="Haverstraw (village), New York">Haverstraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_New_York" title="Hyde Park, New York">Hyde Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston,_New_York" title="Kingston, New York">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkland,_New_York" title="Kirkland, New York">Kirkland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaGrange,_New_York" title="LaGrange, New York">LaGrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd,_New_York" title="Lloyd, New York">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta,_New_York" title="Malta, New York">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middletown,_Orange_County,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Middletown, Orange County, New York">Middletown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Milton (town), New York">Milton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monroe,_New_York" title="Monroe, New York">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery,_New_York" title="Montgomery, New York">Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moreau,_New_York" title="Moreau, New York">Moreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Pleasant,_New_York" title="Mount Pleasant, New York">Mount Pleasant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_New_York" title="New Castle, New York">New Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hartford,_New_York" title="New Hartford, New York">New Hartford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Paltz,_New_York" title="New Paltz, New York">New Paltz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Windsor,_New_York" title="New Windsor, New York">New Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newburgh,_New_York" title="Newburgh, New York">Newburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niskayuna,_New_York" title="Niskayuna, New York">Niskayuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Adams,_Massachusetts" title="North Adams, Massachusetts">North Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyack,_New_York" title="Nyack, New York">Nyack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossining_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Ossining (town), New York">Ossining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peekskill,_New_York" title="Peekskill, New York">Peekskill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plattekill_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Plattekill (town), New York">Plattekill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poughkeepsie,_New_York" title="Poughkeepsie, New York">Poughkeepsie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queensbury,_New_York" title="Queensbury, New York">Queensbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rome,_New_York" title="Rome, New York">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotterdam_(town),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotterdam (town), New York">Rotterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saugerties,_New_York" title="Saugerties, New York">Saugerties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schenectady,_New_York" title="Schenectady, New York">Schenectady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawangunk,_New_York" title="Shawangunk, New York">Shawangunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleepy_Hollow,_New_York" title="Sleepy Hollow, New York">Sleepy Hollow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somers,_New_York" title="Somers, New York">Somers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast,_New_York" title="Southeast, New York">Southeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troy,_New_York" title="Troy, New York">Troy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utica,_New_York" title="Utica, New York">Utica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallkill,_Orange_County,_New_York" title="Wallkill, Orange County, New York">Wallkill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wappinger,_New_York" title="Wappinger, New York">Wappinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warwick,_New_York" title="Warwick, New York">Warwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Point,_New_York" title="West Point, New York">West Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitestown,_New_York" title="Whitestown, New York">Whitestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilton,_New_York" title="Wilton, New York">Wilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yonkers,_New_York" title="Yonkers, New York">Yonkers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorktown,_New_York" title="Yorktown, New York">Yorktown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New Jersey</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine,_New_Jersey" title="Alpine, New Jersey">Alpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayonne,_New_Jersey" title="Bayonne, New Jersey">Bayonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliffside_Park,_New_Jersey" title="Cliffside Park, New Jersey">Cliffside Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgewater,_New_Jersey" title="Edgewater, New Jersey">Edgewater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Englewood_Cliffs,_New_Jersey" title="Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey">Englewood Cliffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lee,_New_Jersey" title="Fort Lee, New Jersey">Fort Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoboken,_New_Jersey" title="Hoboken, New Jersey">Hoboken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_City,_New_Jersey" title="Jersey City, New Jersey">Jersey City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Bergen,_New_Jersey" title="North Bergen, New Jersey">North Bergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparta,_New_Jersey" title="Sparta, New Jersey">Sparta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenafly,_New_Jersey" title="Tenafly, New Jersey">Tenafly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weehawken,_New_Jersey" title="Weehawken, New Jersey">Weehawken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_New_York,_New_Jersey" title="West New York, New Jersey">West New York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adirondack_Mountains" title="Adirondack Mountains">Adirondack Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adirondack_Park" title="Adirondack Park">Adirondack Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashokan_Bridge" title="Ashokan Bridge">Ashokan Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blenheim_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Blenheim Bridge">Blenheim Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buskirk_Bridge" title="Buskirk Bridge">Buskirk Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catskill_Mountains" title="Catskill Mountains">Catskill Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champlain_Canal" title="Champlain Canal">Champlain Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cohoes_Falls" title="Cohoes Falls">Cohoes Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copeland_Bridge" title="Copeland Bridge">Copeland Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_and_Hudson_Canal" title="Delaware and Hudson Canal">Delaware and Hudson Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagleville_Bridge" title="Eagleville Bridge">Eagleville Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_River" title="East River">East River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erie_Canal" title="Erie Canal">Erie Canal</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George Washington Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_River" title="Harlem River">Harlem River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helderberg_Escarpment" title="Helderberg Escarpment">Helderberg Escarpment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holland_Tunnel" title="Holland Tunnel">Holland Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Highlands_State_Park" title="Hudson Highlands State Park">Hudson Highlands State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaaterskill_Clove" title="Kaaterskill Clove">Kaaterskill Clove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaaterskill_Falls" title="Kaaterskill Falls">Kaaterskill Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_Van_Kull" title="Kill Van Kull">Kill Van Kull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston%E2%80%93Rhinecliff_Bridge" title="Kingston–Rhinecliff Bridge">Kingston–Rhinecliff Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Tunnel" title="Lincoln Tunnel">Lincoln Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Hudson_Bridge" title="Mid-Hudson Bridge">Mid-Hudson Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newburgh%E2%80%93Beacon_Bridge" title="Newburgh–Beacon Bridge">Newburgh–Beacon Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tappan_Zee_Bridge_(2017%E2%80%93present)" title="Tappan Zee Bridge (2017–present)">Tappan Zee Bridge (2017–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Palisades_(Hudson_River)" title="The Palisades (Hudson River)">The Palisades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perrine%27s_Bridge" title="Perrine's Bridge">Perrine's Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plotter_Kill_Preserve" title="Plotter Kill Preserve">Plotter Kill Preserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollepel_Island" title="Pollepel Island">Pollepel Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popolopen" title="Popolopen">Popolopen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rexleigh_Bridge" title="Rexleigh Bridge">Rexleigh Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rip_Van_Winkle_Bridge" title="Rip Van Winkle Bridge">Rip Van Winkle Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Center_Bridge" title="Salisbury Center Bridge">Salisbury Center Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoharie_Bridge" title="Schoharie Bridge">Schoharie Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shushan_Bridge" title="Shushan Bridge">Shushan Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taconic_Mountains" title="Taconic Mountains">Taconic Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verkeerder_Kill_Falls" title="Verkeerder Kill Falls">Verkeerder Kill Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkway_over_the_Hudson" title="Walkway over the Hudson">Walkway over the Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallkill_River_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Wallkill River National Wildlife Refuge">Wallkill River National Wildlife Refuge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Canada_Lake_Wilderness_Area" title="West Canada Lake Wilderness Area">West Canada Lake Wilderness Area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World&#039;s_longest_suspension_bridge_span" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="World&#039;s_longest_suspension_bridge_span" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_suspension_bridges" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest suspension bridges">World's longest</a> <a href="/wiki/Suspension_bridge" title="Suspension bridge">suspension bridge</a> span</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table width="100%"><tbody><tr> <td width="33%">Preceded by <a href="/wiki/Ambassador_Bridge" title="Ambassador Bridge">Ambassador Bridge</a></td> <td width="34%" style="border-left:1px solid #aaaaaa;border-right:1px solid #aaaaaa;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">George Washington Bridge</a> <a href="/wiki/Category:Bridges_completed_in_1931" title="Category:Bridges completed in 1931">1931</a>–<a href="/wiki/Category:Bridges_completed_in_1937" title="Category:Bridges completed in 1937">1937</a></td> <td width="33%">Superseded by <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_Bridge" title="Golden Gate Bridge">Golden Gate Bridge</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125821#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125821#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125821#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/315529915">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJx4vdv7FCMtBDQ3fYdYT3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85054205">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007565454105171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://structurae.net/structures/20000032">Structurae</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10038390">NARA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&oldid=1259705842">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Washington_Bridge&oldid=1259705842</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1931_establishments_in_New_Jersey" title="Category:1931 establishments in New Jersey">1931 establishments in New Jersey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1931_establishments_in_New_York_(state)" title="Category:1931 establishments in New York (state)">1931 establishments in New York (state)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1931_establishments_in_New_York_City" title="Category:1931 establishments in New York City">1931 establishments in New York City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bike_paths_in_New_Jersey" title="Category:Bike paths in New Jersey">Bike paths in New Jersey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bike_paths_in_New_York_City" title="Category:Bike paths in New York City">Bike paths in New York City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bridges_by_Othmar_Ammann" title="Category:Bridges by Othmar Ammann">Bridges by Othmar Ammann</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bridges_completed_in_1931" title="Category:Bridges completed in 1931">Bridges completed in 1931</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bridges_in_Bergen_County,_New_Jersey" title="Category:Bridges in Bergen County, New Jersey">Bridges in Bergen County, New Jersey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bridges_in_Manhattan" title="Category:Bridges in Manhattan">Bridges in Manhattan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bridges_of_the_United_States_Numbered_Highway_System" title="Category:Bridges of the United States Numbered Highway System">Bridges of the United States Numbered Highway System</a></li><li><a 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1,\n [\"CITEREFHiggs2022\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHiggs2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIngraham1956\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIngraham1957\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIngraham1959\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIngraham1962\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFInternational_News_Service1927\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJames1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeighley2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeogh2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhan2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrisel2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaRock2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLane2024\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFLee2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevine1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLiebowitz1950\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLimaStile2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLindenthal1924\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaag2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacFarquhar1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaeder2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarvin2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMathieu1939\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcFadden1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcFadden1980\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcGintyOverberg2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMegraw2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMessing2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoran1970\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNew_Jersey_Department_of_Transportation1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNewman1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Neill2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOsby1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOviatt-Lawrence1926\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParker2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeterson1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPoore1928\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPoore1929\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFPristin1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRastorfer2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRastorfer2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReier2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRenner1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRockland2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRose2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchneider2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSkinner1931\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmothers2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSteinman1922\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStengren1960\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStrunsky2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwift1942\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwift1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThrush1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTimes1954\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTracyGreene2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWarner1931\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeber1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWestbrook2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYee2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYellin2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZabriskie2008\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 3,\n [\"' \\\"\"] = 1,\n [\"Abbr\"] = 1,\n [\"About\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 4,\n [\"Attached KML\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bulleted list\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite NYCS map\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite New York 1930\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 13,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 191,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 77,\n [\"Clear\"] = 2,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 60,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Crossings navbox\"] = 1,\n [\"Cudahy-Hudson\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 3,\n [\"Formatnum:{{round\"] = 16,\n [\"Fort Lee, New Jersey\"] = 1,\n [\"George Washington\"] = 1,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Google maps\"] = 2,\n [\"HAER\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 2,\n [\"Hlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Hudson River\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 1,\n [\"Inflation\"] = 25,\n [\"Inflation-fn\"] = 1,\n [\"Inflation-year\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox bridge\"] = 1,\n [\"Interlanguage link\"] = 1,\n [\"Jct\"] = 1,\n [\"LongestBridge\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"NYC Bridge\"] = 1,\n [\"NYCS trains\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 26,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"PANYNJ navbox\"] = 1,\n [\"PANYNJ toll rates\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Round\"] = 25,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 83,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sic\"] = 1,\n [\"Start date and age\"] = 4,\n [\"Structurae\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 1,\n [\"Wide image\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","540","18.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","360","12.6"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","320","11.2"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","300","10.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","160","5.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","140","4.9"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","120","4.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","120","4.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","80","2.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::unstripNoWiki","80","2.8"],["[others]","640","22.4"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-cc877b49b-jwh8l","timestamp":"20241127133104","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"George Washington 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