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Your current IP address is 8.222.208.146. </p> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>Even while globally blocked, you will <i>usually</i> still be able to edit pages on <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="m:">Meta-Wiki</a>. </p> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">No open proxies</a> global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">post a request for review on Meta-Wiki</a>. You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details. </p> </div> <p>Other useful links: <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Global blocks">Global blocks</a> · <a href="/wiki/Help:I_have_been_blocked" title="Help:I have been blocked">Help:I have been blocked</a> </p> </div></li></ul><hr /> <div id="viewsourcetext">You can view and copy the source of this page:</div><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="en" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{Short description|Leaving false evidence of one's own death}} {{about|the legal term|the natural biological behavior of apparent death or feigning death|Apparent death}} A '''faked death''', also called a '''staged death''', is the act of an individual purposely deceiving other people into believing that the individual is dead, when the person is, in fact, still alive. The faking of one's own death by [[suicide]] is sometimes referred to as '''pseuicide''' or '''pseudocide'''.<ref name= "Burns 2018">{{Cite web|last=Burns|first=Janet|date=27 October 2018|title=The Psychology of Faking Your Own Death|url=https://gizmodo.com/the-psychology-of-faking-your-own-death-1830022958|access-date=2021-03-28|website=Gizmodo|language=en-us|archive-date=2023-03-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329224017/https://gizmodo.com/the-psychology-of-faking-your-own-death-1830022958|url-status=live}}</ref> People who commit pseudocide can do so by leaving evidence, clues, or through other methods.<ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.livescience.com/22473-faking-death-crime-law.html|title = Is Faking Your Own Death a Crime?|website = [[Live Science]]|date = 17 August 2012|access-date = 30 June 2017|archive-date = 28 March 2023|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230328131128/https://www.livescience.com/22473-faking-death-crime-law.html|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/shadow-boxing/201704/pseudocide-the-art-faking-your-death|title=Pseudocide: The Art of Faking Your Death|website=Psychology Today|access-date=3 November 2017|archive-date=1 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401105913/https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/shadow-boxing/201704/pseudocide-the-art-faking-your-death|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/es/diccionario/ingles/pseudocide|title=Pseudocide definición y significado - Diccionario Inglés Collins|website=www.collinsdictionary.com|access-date=3 November 2017|archive-date=19 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619171743/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/es/diccionario/ingles/pseudocide|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Death hoax]]es can also be created and spread solely by third-parties for various purposes. Committing pseudocide may be done for a variety of reasons, such as to [[fraud]]ulently collect [[insurance]] money, to evade pursuit, to escape from captivity, to arouse false sympathy, or as a [[practical joke]]. While faking one's own death is not inherently illegal, it may be part of a fraudulent or illicit activity such as tax evasion, insurance fraud,<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|last=Greenwood|first=Elizabeth|title=Playing Dead: A Journey Through the World of Death Fraud|publisher=Simon & Schuster|year=2016|isbn=9781476739366|edition=1st|oclc=927166036}}</ref>{{rp|page=12}} or avoiding a criminal prosecution. ==History== Deaths have been faked since ancient times, but the rate increased significantly in the middle of the 19th century, when [[life insurance]], and [[insurance fraud]], became more common.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|last=Reese|first=Hope|date=2018-06-04|title=How people fake their own death – and why|url=https://www.vox.com/first-person/2018/6/4/17424666/russian-journalist-who-faked-death-arkady-babchenko|access-date=2021-03-28|website=Vox|language=en|archive-date=2022-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206065403/https://www.vox.com/first-person/2018/6/4/17424666/russian-journalist-who-faked-death-arkady-babchenko|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=Kohn|first=Isabelle|date=2019-08-26|title=Inside the World of Investigators Who Know You've Faked Your Death|url=https://melmagazine.com/en-us/story/inside-the-world-of-investigators-who-know-youve-faked-your-death|access-date=2021-03-28|website=MEL Magazine|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026185825/https://melmagazine.com/en-us/story/inside-the-world-of-investigators-who-know-youve-faked-your-death|url-status=live}}</ref> In the late 20th century, advancements in technology began to make it increasingly more difficult to simply disappear after faking a death. Such things as credit card purchases, social media, and mobile phone systems, among others, have made it harder to make a clean break with a past identity.<ref name=":2" /> Widespread use of [[Facial recognition system|facial recognition]] tools can connect new identities to old social media accounts.<ref name=":3" /> Other factors include a desire of fakers to observe the reactions of others to their deaths, which may prompt them to check websites for information about their disappearances, which in turn could lead to their discovery through [[Internet geolocation]].<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|pages=30–31}} ==Motivation== While some people fake their deaths as a prank or self-promotion effort, or to get a clean start, the most common motivations are money or a need to escape an [[abusive relationship]].<ref name= "Burns 2018" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Gillespie|first=Tom|date=19 February 2019|title=You only live twice: The man who catches people who fake their own death|url=https://news.sky.com/story/you-only-live-twice-the-man-who-catches-people-who-fake-their-own-death-11637341|access-date=2021-03-28|website=Sky News|language=en|archive-date=2021-01-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120080220/https://news.sky.com/story/you-only-live-twice-the-man-who-catches-people-who-fake-their-own-death-11637341|url-status=live}}</ref> Men are more likely to fake their deaths than women.<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|pages=126–128, 213}} People who fake their deaths often feel like they are trapped in a desperate situation.<ref name= "Burns 2018" /> Because of this, an investigation may be triggered if the person disappears, no body is found, and the person is in significant financial difficulties.<ref name=":2" /> Many people who fake their deaths intend for the change to be temporary, until a problem is resolved.<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|page=188}} == Methods == People who fake their own deaths often do so by trying to pretend [[drowning]], because it provides a plausible reason for the [[Declared death in absentia|absence of a body]]. However, drowned bodies usually appear within a few days of a death, and when no body appears, a faked death is suspected.<ref name=":2" /> == Outcome == Although firm figures are impossible to identify, investigators can resolve nearly all of the cases they receive, and researchers believe that most people are caught.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> Most people are caught quickly, within hours or days. For example, [[Marcus Schrenker]] faked a plane crash to avoid prosecution and was captured two days later, after he sent an e-mail message to a friend about his plans.<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|page=62}} Faking a death is not a [[Victimless crime|victimless]] act.<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 August 2016|title=3 Steps To Faking Your Own Death From The Author Of 'Playing Dead'|url=https://www.npr.org/2016/08/09/489304489/3-steps-to-faking-your-own-death-from-the-author-of-playing-dead|access-date=2021-03-28|website=[[NPR]]|language=en|archive-date=2021-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527035010/https://www.npr.org/2016/08/09/489304489/3-steps-to-faking-your-own-death-from-the-author-of-playing-dead|url-status=live}}</ref> The people who grieved what they believed was a real death are usually angry and sometimes see the offense as being unforgivable.<ref name=":2" /> Accomplices, such as romantic partners and children, may be asked to commit crimes, such as filing false insurance claims or making false reports to the police, which can result in criminal charges.<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|pages=188–189}} Those who are unaware that the death is fake may feel emotionally abused or manipulated. Rather than being happy or relieved to discover that the faker is alive, they may be angry and refuse to have any further contact.<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|pages=135–136}} ==On social media== {{See also|Munchausen by internet}} False claims of [[death]], including false claims of suicide, are not uncommon in [[social media]] accounts.<ref name= "Burns 2018" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Alvarez|first=E.|date=19 September 2018|title=Why are people pretending to be dead on Instagram?|url=https://www.engadget.com/2018-09-19-instagram-rip-comments-prank.html|access-date=2021-03-28|website=Engadget|language=en-US|archive-date=2021-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303100015/https://www.engadget.com/2018-09-19-instagram-rip-comments-prank.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The people who do this are often trying to get an advantage for themselves, such as more [[Attention seeking|attention]] or [[Like (social media)|likes]], and they lie about their deaths "without thinking about the fact that there are people who would be upset, hurt or psychologically affected by the news of their death".<ref name=":1" /> It may be an intentional effort to manipulate other people's emotions or to see how people would react if they had died.<ref name= "Burns 2018" /> Online, people have claimed to be dead as a response to real or perceived mistreatment on social media, and posting news of their death, especially their suicide, is a way to punish the other users.<ref name= "Burns 2018" /> Examples of faked deaths on social media include [[BethAnn McLaughlin]], a white woman who [[Pretendians|claimed to be Native American]] under another name on Twitter, and whose [[deception]] was uncovered after she faked her death during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Viren|first=Sarah|date=2021-05-25|title=The Native Scholar Who Wasn't|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/25/magazine/cherokee-native-american-andrea-smith.html|access-date=2021-05-27|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=2021-05-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527014040/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/05/25/magazine/cherokee-native-american-andrea-smith.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Kaycee Nicole]] in 2001 represented not just a fake death on social media, but also a fake person; she was the fictional creation of a middle-aged woman, and one of the first [[Internet hoax|internet hoaxes]] to pretend that a character was dying.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hafner |first=Katie |date=2001-05-31 |title=A Beautiful Life, an Early Death, a Fraud Exposed |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/31/technology/a-beautiful-life-an-early-death-a-fraud-exposed.html |access-date=2023-06-28 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=2023-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829232917/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/05/31/technology/a-beautiful-life-an-early-death-a-fraud-exposed.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Johnson |first=Bobbie |date=2001-05-28 |title=The short life of Kaycee Nicole |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2001/may/28/internetnews.mondaymediasection |access-date=2023-06-28 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=2023-09-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230903152241/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2001/may/28/internetnews.mondaymediasection |url-status=live }}</ref> ==Notable faked deaths== {{refimprove section|date=June 2023}} === 1st century === * [[Yohanan ben Zakkai]] faked his death to escape from the Roman army.<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|page=27}} === 14th century === * [[Joan of Leeds]] was a nun who faked her death to escape from a convent.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Little|first=Becky|title=A 14th-Century Nun Faked Her Death With a 'Dummy' to Escape Convent Life|url=https://www.history.com/news/runaway-medieval-nun|access-date=2021-03-28|website=History|date=25 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref> ===18th century=== *[[Timothy Dexter]] was an eccentric 18th-century New England businessman probably best known for his punctuationless book ''[[A Pickle for the Knowing Ones]]''. However, he is also known for having faked his own death to see how people would react. He paid his wife and members of his family with instructions to act. After the funeral he [[Caning|caned]] his wife for her poor acting by not looking sufficiently saddened at his passing.<ref>{{cite book |last= Todd |first= William Cleaves |title= Timothy Dexter |location= Boston |publisher= David Clapp & Son |year= 1886 |page= 6 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-14 |title=The Strange Life Of Timothy Dexter, Accidental Millionaire and Disappointed With His Own Funeral. |url=https://www.dannydutch.com/post/the-strange-life-of-timothy-dexter-accidental-millionaire-and-disappointed-with-his-own-funeral |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=DannyDutch |language=en |archive-date=2023-06-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603180013/https://www.dannydutch.com/post/the-strange-life-of-timothy-dexter-accidental-millionaire-and-disappointed-with-his-own-funeral |url-status=live }}</ref> ===20th century=== * [[Grace Oakeshott]], British women's rights activist, faked her death in 1907 to get out of her marriage. She lived the remainder of her life in New Zealand and died in 1929.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Robson |first=Jocelyn |date=March 17, 2016 |title=Radical Reformers and Respectable Rebels: How the Two Lives of Grace Oakeshott Defined an Era |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/books/review-radical-reformers-and-respectable-rebels-jocelyn-robson-palgrave-macmillan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503233226/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/books/review-radical-reformers-and-respectable-rebels-jocelyn-robson-palgrave-macmillan |archive-date=3 May 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Violet Charlesworth]], a British fraudster, faked her death in 1909 to escape payment of debts. She was sentenced to three years in prison and released in 1912.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Thomas |first=Harry |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FZXHihBd-AIC&pg=PA32 |title=Harry Thomas' Memory Lane Vol I |date=2003 |publisher=Gwasg Helygain Ltd |isbn=978-0-9522755-6-5 |pages=32–33 |language=en}}</ref> * [[C. J. De Garis]], an Australian aviator and entrepreneur, faked his death in 1925 and became the subject on an eight-day nationwide search, before being spotted on a ship in New Zealand. He committed suicide in 1926.<ref name="adb1">{{cite book |first= Janet |last= McCalman |author-link= Janet McCalman |url=http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A080289b.htm |chapter=Clement John (Jack) de Garis (1884–1926) |title=Australian Dictionary of Biography |volume= 8 |year= 1981 |publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University |access-date=2023-06-28 |archive-date=2011-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525091558/http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A080289b.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Aleister Crowley]], English occultist and author, faked his death in 1930 in Portugal aided by Portuguese poet [[Fernando Pessoa]], and then appeared three weeks later publicly in Berlin. Crowley actually died in 1947.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} * [[Alfred Rouse]], an English murderer, set his own car on fire in 1930 with a different man inside, in an attempt to convince the police that Rouse had died in the vehicle. He was arrested and convicted, and executed in 1931. The identity of the victim remains unknown.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} * [[Aleksandr Uspensky]], Russian government official, faked his own suicide in 1938 in an attempt to avoid capture by Soviet authority during the [[Great Purge]]. He was captured in 1939 and executed in 1940.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} * [[Ferdinand Waldo Demara]], American fraudster, faked his death in 1942. He actually died in 1982.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} * [[Horst Kopkow]], German [[Schutzstaffel|SS]] major and war criminal, was declared dead by his [[MI6]] handlers in January 1948. In reality he had been relocated to West Germany, where he died in 1996.<ref>{{cite web |title=MI5 Files : Horst Kopkow |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/today/reports/misc/kopkow_20040521.shtml |website=BBC Radio 4 |publisher=BBC Today Programme Report |date=21 May 2004}}</ref> * [[Juan Pujol García]], Spanish spy, faked his death from malaria in Angola in 1949, with help from the British spy agency [[MI5]]. He lived the remainder of his life in Venezuela and died in 1988.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} * [[Lawrence Joseph Bader]], an American salesperson, disappeared in 1957 and was presumed dead. He was found alive five years later assuming the identity of "John 'Fritz' Johnson", working as a local TV personality in [[Omaha, Nebraska]]. He either had amnesia of his life or was a hoaxer. He actually died in 1966, aged 39.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}} * [[Ken Kesey]], American novelist, faked his suicide in 1965. He died in 2001.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} * [[John Allen (murderer)|John Allen]], a British criminal and murderer, faked his own death in 1966 to avoid prosecution for crimes he had committed.<ref name="Independent">{{cite news |author=Jason Bennetto |date=17 December 2002 |title=Bigamist sentenced to life for murdering wife and children who |work=[[The Independent]] |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/bigamist-sentenced-to-life-for-murdering-wife-and-children-who-disappeared-27-years-ago-611230.html |url-status=live |access-date=8 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406003407/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/bigamist-sentenced-to-life-for-murdering-wife-and-children-who-disappeared-27-years-ago-611230.html |archive-date=6 April 2008}}</ref> Allen actually died in 2015. * [[John Stonehouse]], a British politician who in November 1974 faked his own [[suicide]] by drowning to escape financial difficulties and live with his mistress. One month later, he was discovered in [[Australia]]. Police there initially thought he might be [[Richard Bingham, 7th Earl of Lucan|Lord Lucan]] (who had disappeared only a few weeks earlier, after being suspected of murder) and jailed him.<ref>{{cite book |last=Robertson |first=Geoffrey |title=The Justice Game |year=1999 |publisher=Vintage |location=London|isbn= 978-0-09-958191-8 |pages=62–63}}</ref> Sent back to Britain, he was convicted and sentenced to seven years in prison for fraud.<ref name="Ark25_BBC_2_September_2014r">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/4564226.stm MP planned fake death for months] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109081119/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/4564226.stm |date=2023-01-09 }}, 29 December 2005, ''BBC'', retrieved at 2 September 2014</ref> * [[Jerry Balisok]], an American professional wrestler, successfully convinced the FBI that he had died in 1978 in the [[Jonestown Massacre]] to avoid fraud charges, assuming the identity "Ricky Allen Wetta". A decade later, Wetta was arrested and convicted for attempted murder, at which point he was determined to be Balisok.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/19900310/1060248/man-feared-dead-in-jonestown-ran-hoax-police-say|title=Man Feared Dead In Jonestown Ran Hoax, Police Say|last=Emery|first=Julie|date=10 March 1990|website=seattletimes.com|publisher=Seattle Times|access-date=28 June 2023|archive-date=26 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126010006/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19900310&slug=1060248|url-status=live}}</ref> Balisok actually died in 2013 while in prison for an unrelated crime.<ref>{{cite web|title=Die Gringo Hamover|url=http://www.hoy.com.ni/2013/04/20/muere-el-gringo-hanover/|publisher=Hoy.com|accessdate=28 June 2023|archive-date=22 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422155111/http://www.hoy.com.ni/2013/04/20/muere-el-gringo-hanover/|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Audrey Marie Hilley]], an American murderer, [[jumped bail]] in 1979 and lived under the assumed identity of Robbi Hannon. In 1982, under a different alias, she announced the death of Hannon. She was captured and imprisoned, and died in 1987.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} * [[Robert Lenkiewicz]], a British artist, had his death falsely announced to the newspapers in 1981. In reality he was in hiding with his friend [[Peregrine Eliot, 10th Earl of St Germans]]. Lenkiewicz later stated that he engineered the stunt because it was the closest he could get to knowing what it was like to be dead.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/features/robert-lenkiewicz-larger-than-life-and-death-828934.html |title= Robert Lenkiewicz: Larger than life and death |newspaper= The Independent|date= 2008 |last=Jones | first = Alice|access-date=2017-10-20}}</ref> * [[Sukumara Kurup]], an Indian who faked his own death by placing the corpse of his murder victim in his car and setting it on fire in 1984. The face of victim was charred beforehand to prevent identification. He did it to collect the money insured on his name. The police identified the victim and his accomplices were put on trial. He evaded arrest and is in a fugitive list of [[Interpol]] and [[Kerala Police]]. *[[David Friedland]], a former New Jersey senator, faked his own death via scuba-diving accident in 1985 while awaiting trial on [[racketeering]] charges.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Marriott |first=Michel |date=1987-12-28 |title=Flashy Life as Fugitive Led Agents to Ex-Senator |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/28/nyregion/flashy-life-as-fugitive-led-agents-to-ex-senator.html |access-date=2023-06-28 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=2020-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200310011148/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/28/nyregion/flashy-life-as-fugitive-led-agents-to-ex-senator.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In December 1987, he was arrested by officials in [[Maldives]], where he had been working as a scuba [[Divemaster|dive master]] and had posed in scuba gear for a picture post card. He eventually was returned to the United States and served nine years in prison. Friedland died in 2022. *Charles Peter Mule, a Louisiana policeman, was charged with 29 counts related to the rape and molestation of several young girls in 1988. After being released on bail, Mule left his truck alongside a bridge and sent a note to his police department. His claimed suicide was ruled inconclusive after police failed to find a corpse in the river, and a hiker reported to police that a man had opened fire on him without warning and whose description matched Mule's. After the case was profiled on the television show ''[[Unsolved Mysteries]]'', Mule was captured.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Crownover |first1=Cathy |title=Charles Mule gets 14 years in prison |work=Ocala Star Banner |date=10 January 1990 |page=1}}</ref> *[[Philip Sessarego]], British author, faked his death by car bomb in Croatia in 1991 for unknown reasons, and lived under an assumed name for the next 17 years, with his own family only learning he was alive when he appeared in a 2001 TV interview. He died of an accidental poisoning in 2008.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gillan |first=Audrey |date=2009-01-24 |title=The fantasy life and lonely death of the SAS veteran who never was |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/jan/24/military-sas-tom-carew-philip-sessarego-jihad |access-date=2023-05-10 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=2023-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230815175655/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/jan/24/military-sas-tom-carew-philip-sessarego-jihad |url-status=live }}</ref> *[[Murder of Carole Packman|Russell Causley]], a British man, faked his death by jumping off a ferry off the coast of [[Guernsey]] in 1993 as part of an insurance scam. His scheme was soon uncovered and he was jailed for fraud; this led to the police re-opening an investigation into the disappearance of his partner [[Murder of Carole Packman|Carole Packman]], who Causley would be convicted of murdering in 1996.<ref>{{cite web |date=9 September 2020|title=Convicted murderer who faked own death near Guernsey freed from jail |url=https://www.itv.com/news/channel/2020-09-09/convicted-murderer-who-faked-own-death-near-guernsey-freed-from-jail |website=ITV News |language=en}}</ref> *[[Francisco Paesa]], an agent of [[National Intelligence Centre (Spain)|Centro Nacional de Inteligencia]], the [[Spanish secret service]], faked a fatal cardiac arrest in 1998 in Thailand, after having tricked [[Luis Roldán]], known for being the general of the [[Spanish Civil Guard]] when a big scandal of corruption arose in 1993, into stealing all the money that Roldán had previously stolen in that case. He appeared in 2004.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Canales |first=David López |date=2016-09-16 |title=Adiós a Francisco Paesa, el espía más oscuro y famoso de España: así fue su entrevista en exclusiva a 'Vanity Fair' |url=https://www.revistavanityfair.es/la-revista/articulos/entrevista-espia-francisco-paesa-vanity-fair/22845 |access-date=2023-11-28 |magazine=Vanity Fair |language=es |archive-date=2023-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102055139/https://www.revistavanityfair.es/la-revista/articulos/entrevista-espia-francisco-paesa-vanity-fair/22845 |url-status=live }}</ref> During these years, he opened an offshore company, which was exposed thanks to the leaking of the [[Panama Papers]]. *[[Friedrich Gulda]], Austrian pianist, falsely announced his death in 1999 to create publicity for a following "resurrection concert". He died in 2000. ===21st century=== * [[John Darwin disappearance case|John Darwin]], a former teacher and prison officer from [[Hartlepool]], England, faked his own death on 21 March 2002 by canoeing out to sea and disappearing. His ruse fell apart in 2006 when a simple Google search revealed a photo of him buying a house in Panama. Darwin and his wife, Anne, were arrested and charged with [[fraud]], [[deception]], and [[money laundering]] related to the [[life insurance]] payout of £250,000.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Canoe Man' John Darwin charged - CNN.com |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/europe/12/08/john.darwin/?iref=hpmostpop |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=edition.cnn.com |archive-date=2023-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416104817/http://edition.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/europe/12/08/john.darwin/?iref=hpmostpop |url-status=live }}</ref> They were each sentenced to more than six years in prison, and all their property sold, and all their money taken, including his pension, to repay.<ref name="times-23jul2008">{{cite news |last1=Booth |first1=Jenny |last2=Hines |first2=Nico |date=23 July 2008 |title=John and Anne Darwin sentenced to total of more than 12 years in jail |work=[[The Times]] |location=London |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/crime/article4384627.ece |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907121345/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/crime/article4384627.ece |archive-date=7 September 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=8 April 2014 |title=Fake death conman John Darwin 'has repaid just £121' |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-tees-26937700 |access-date=8 April 2014 |archive-date=8 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408165851/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-tees-26937700 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[Clayton Counts]], American musician, reported himself dead on his website in 2007 as a prank. He actually died in 2016.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} *[[Samuel Israel III]], an [[United States|American]] [[hedge fund]] manager who was facing 22 years in prison for financial [[malfeasance]] and fraud, left his truck and a suicide note at a bridge in an attempted fake suicide in April 2008. Authorities suspected that his suicide was faked since, among other things, passersby reported that a car had picked someone up on the bridge from near Israel's abandoned car. Two years were added to Israel's sentence for [[obstruction of justice]], which he is currently{{Update after|2026|05|reason=scheduled release date}} serving.<ref name= "Burns 2018" />{{Rp|pages=1–12, 38–39}} *[[Marcus Schrenker]], a financial manager from [[Fishers, Indiana]], US, was charged with defrauding clients, and in 2009 attempted to fake his own death in a plane crash to avoid prosecution. The plane crash was quickly discovered to be staged, and Schrenker was captured two days later, after he sent an e-mail message to a friend about his plans.<ref name=NYT2009-01>{{cite news|last1=Johnson|first1=Dirk|title=A Man With Everything, Including a Lot to Flee|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/15/us/15plane.html|work=The New York Times|date=2009|access-date=2019-12-20|archive-date=2019-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924002703/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/15/us/15plane.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":4" />{{Rp|page=62}} In October 2010, after pleading guilty to state charges, Schrenker was sentenced to 10 years in prison and was fined $633,781.<ref name=RTV>Staff, RTV6/ABC. October 8, 2010 [https://web.archive.org/web/20160310201456/https://www.theindychannel.com/news/schrenker-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison Schrenker Sentenced To 10 Years In Prison]</ref> *[[Luke Rhinehart]], American author, an email was sent out in August 2012 to 25 of Rhinehart's friends, informing them of his death. This was actually a hoax and a prank played by Rhinehart himself. The reactions of Rhinehart's 25 friends ranged from sorrow to gratitude and amusement.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/in-search-of-the-dice-man-an-extraordinary-journey-to-track-down-a-cult-author-8444763.html | title=In search of the Dice Man: An extraordinary journey to track down A | website=[[Independent.co.uk]] | date=9 January 2013 | access-date=7 February 2023 | archive-date=3 April 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403165320/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/in-search-of-the-dice-man-an-extraordinary-journey-to-track-down-a-cult-author-8444763.html | url-status=live }}</ref> *[[Chandra Mohan Sharma]], Indian activist, murdered a homeless man, placed the body in his own car, and set the car on fire, in an attempt at faking his death in 2014 to get out of his marriage. He was captured by police later that year.<ref>{{cite news |date=29 August 2014 |title=RTI activist and AAP member back from dead, admits he killed homeless man |newspaper=Hindustan Times |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/rti-activist-thought-to-be-dead-arrested/article1-1257665.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140829111351/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/rti-activist-thought-to-be-dead-arrested/article1-1257665.aspx |archive-date=29 August 2014}}</ref> *[[Arkady Babchenko]], a Russian journalist living in Ukraine who in 2018 faked his own assassination, which was widely reported in the international press, as part of a sting operation aimed at exposing an agent sent to kill him. Babchenko's appearance at a press conference the day after his "death" caused an international sensation.<ref>{{cite news |title='Murdered' Russian journalist Arkady Babchenko is alive |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-44307611 |access-date=30 May 2018 |work=BBC News |date=30 May 2018 |archive-date=30 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180530145317/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-44307611 |url-status=live }}</ref> *[[Nicholas Alahverdian]], an American child welfare advocate and convicted sex offender from [[Rhode Island]], purported to have died in February 2020, was found alive by police in [[Scotland]] in January 2022.<ref>{{cite news |title='Nick Alahverdian, suspected of faking his death, found in Scotland, say police' |url=https://www.providencejournal.com/story/news/local/2022/01/12/ri-nick-alahverdian-suspected-faking-death-found-scotland/9188170002/ |work=Providence Journal |date=12 January 2022 |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-date=13 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113041954/https://www.providencejournal.com/story/news/local/2022/01/12/ri-nick-alahverdian-suspected-faking-death-found-scotland/9188170002/ |url-status=live }}</ref> *[[Kim Avis]], a busker and market trader from [[Inverness]], Scotland and a local celebrity there. In 2019, he was reported dead in California but in the 2024 [[BBC Two]] documentary, ''Disclosure: Dead Man Running'' reporter and Inverness local Myles Bonnar uncovered evidence that Avis faked his death to evade charges of sexual assault.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2024/apr/19/tv-tonight-catching-the-fugitive-rapist-who-faked-his-own-death | title=TV tonight: Catching the fugitive rapist who faked his own death | newspaper=The Guardian | date=19 April 2024 | last1=Richardson | first1=Hollie | last2=Dray | first2=Kayleigh | last3=Harrison | first3=Phil | last4=Jones | first4=Ellen E. | last5=Wardell | first5=Simon }}</ref> == Conspiracy theories and false speculation == On occasion, when a prominent public figure such as a singer or political leader dies, there are rumors that the figure in question did not actually die, but faked their death. These theories are all considered [[fringe theories]]. Among the suspected faked deaths include: * [[Adolf Hitler]], dictator of [[Nazi Germany]] (1933–1945), has been speculated (including by writer [[Emil Ludwig]]) to have [[Conspiracy theories about Adolf Hitler's death|faked his death and escaped]] Berlin in mid-1945, the setting of [[Death of Adolf Hitler|his death]] as established by Western scholars.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Musmanno |first=Michael |date=23 July 1948 |title=Roundup of Facts and Evidence Proves Conclusively Death was Hitler's Fate |page=21 |work=[[The Pittsburgh Press]] |location=Pittsburgh, PN |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/82207202/ |access-date=2021-07-23 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Musmanno |first=Michael A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_jNAAAAAIAAJ |title=Ten Days to Die |publisher=[[Doubleday (publisher)|Doubleday]] |year=1950 |location=Garden City, NY |pages=236, 238–39 |language=en}}</ref> Hitler is claimed to have utilized [[Ratlines (World War II)|established escape routes]] while leaving behind misleading evidence such as his dental remains (via dentures and a [[Mandibulectomy|broken-off jawbone]]) as well as [[Alleged doubles of Adolf Hitler|a&nbsp;body double]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Charlier |first1=Philippe |author1-link=Philippe Charlier |last2=Weil |first2=Raphael |last3=Rainsard |first3=P. |last4=Poupon |first4=Joël |last5=Brisard |first5=J.&nbsp;C. |date=2018-05-01 |title=The remains of Adolf Hitler: A biomedical analysis and definitive identification |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325220862 |journal=[[European Journal of Internal Medicine]] |volume=54 |pages=e10–e12 |doi=10.1016/j.ejim.2018.05.014 |pmid=29779904 |s2cid=29159362 |quote=It is important to see that these data fit perfectly with [[The Death of Adolf Hitler|the [Soviet] autopsy report]] and with our direct observations.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=#HVCA-2592 |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/HITLER%2C%20ADOLF_0003.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211222418/https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/HITLER,%20ADOLF_0003.pdf |archive-date=11 February 2017 |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]}}</ref> * [[Harold Holt]], former Prime Minister of Australia,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Frame |first1=Tom |title=The Life and Death of Harold Holt |publisher=Allen & Unwin |year=2005 |isbn=1-74114-672-0 |chapter=Fate and destiny, 15 December 1967–12 March 1968" and "Myths and mysteries?, 1968-2005 |author-link=Tom Frame (bishop)}}</ref> [[Disappearance of Harold Holt|disappeared on the beach in 1967 with the consensus that he had drowned]]. Different theories emerged suggesting he had faked his death for any number of reasons, most famously that he was a Chinese spy who had been collected by a Chinese submarine, or that he feigned drowning to run away with his mistress. * American singer [[Elvis Presley]] died in August 1977. Rumors claimed that he faked his death and went into hiding. Many of these fans have claimed to [[Elvis sightings|sighted Elvis]] (whose face was well known) in various places around the world. The earliest known alleged sighting of Elvis after was at the [[Memphis International Airport]] where a man who resembled Elvis gave the name "John Burrows", which was the same name Elvis used when booking hotels.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Partridge|first1=Kenneth|title=Suspicious Minds: The Bizarre, 40-Year History of Elvis Presley Sightings|url=http://mentalfloss.com/article/503466/suspicious-minds-bizarre-40-year-history-elvis-presley-sightings|access-date=January 6, 2018|date=August 14, 2017|language=en|archive-date=April 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406160813/https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/503466/suspicious-minds-bizarre-40-year-history-elvis-presley-sightings|url-status=live}}</ref> In 1978, [[Gail Brewer-Giorgio]] published a book titled ''Orion'', a novel about a fictional Presley-like singer called "Orion", who in the story faked his death to escape the pressures of fame. According to Brewer-Giorgio, her publisher inexplicably had her novel recalled from stores which made her wonder if the real Elvis Presley faked his death.<ref name="Elvis Religion">{{cite book |title=Elvis religion: the cult of the King |last=Reece |first=Gregory |url=https://archive.org/details/elvisreligioncul00reec |url-access=registration |page=[https://archive.org/details/elvisreligioncul00reec/page/156 156] |publisher=I.B. Tauris |year=2006|isbn=9781845111649 }}</ref> She then began an investigation and wrote another book ''The Most Incredible Elvis Presley Story Ever Told'' AKA ''Is Elvis Alive?'' where she claimed that Elvis was faking his death.<ref>{{cite web |first= Susan |last= Doll |url= http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/elvis-presley-biography40.htm |title= Elvis Presley Biography |date= 11 July 2007 |access-date= 2022-08-16 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20221006094843/https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/elvis-presley-biography40.htm |archive-date= 2022-10-06 }}</ref> In 2017, Elvis fans claimed to see the singer visit his home [[Graceland]] on his 82nd birthday.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-blogs/weirdest-elvis-presley-sightings-conspiracy-2125270-2125270 | title=Elvis ain't dead – the weirdest Elvis Presley sightings and conspiracy theories | website=[[NME]] | date=2 January 2019 | access-date=16 August 2022 | archive-date=6 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006121815/https://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-blogs/weirdest-elvis-presley-sightings-conspiracy-2125270-2125270 | url-status=live }}</ref> * Towards the end of the reign of [[Alexander I of Russia]], Emperor of Russia (1801–1825), he was increasingly suspicious of those around him and was more religious.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Nichols |first=Irby C. |year=1982 |title=Tsar Alexander I: Pacifist, Aggressor, or Vacillator? |journal=East European Quarterly |volume=16 |number=1 |pages=33–44}}</ref>{{rp|p=41}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Cox |first=Robert W. |year=1987 |title=Production, Power, and World Order: Social Forces in the Making of History |publisher=Columbia University Press |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=Id0v-2zS37kC&pg=PA121 121] }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Truscott |first=Peter |year=1997 |title=Russia First: Breaking with the West| publisher=I.B.Tauris |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=2xYGaod3prIC&pg=PA26 26] }}</ref> He then caught [[typhus]] and died.<ref>{{cite book |last=Palmer |first=Alan |title=Alexander I: Tsar of War and Peace|url=https://archive.org/details/alexanderitsarof00palm |url-access=registration |place= New York|publisher=Harper and Row|year=1974 |isbn=9780060132644|at=ch 22 }}</ref> Russian legends claim that the Tsar faked his death and left for [[Siberia]] where he became a hermit and took on the name "[[Feodor Kuzmich]]". Such legends existed during Kuzmich's lifetime. When Kuzmich was on his deathbed in 1876, the priest there to perform the [[Last rites#Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches|last rites]] on Kuzmich asked him if he was Tsar Alexander. Kuzmich replied with a vague sentence that did not answer the question.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://pravoslavie.tomsk.ru/saints/23/ | title=Святой праведный старец Феодор Томский | access-date=2022-08-16 | archive-date=2019-10-24 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024160701/http://pravoslavie.tomsk.ru/saints/23/ | url-status=live }}</ref> Historians are skeptical of the claim that Tsar Alexander I was Feodor Kuzmich.<ref>See V.A. Fedorov in {{cite book|editor=Donald J .Raleigh|title=The Emperors and Empresses of Russia: Rediscovering the Romanovs|url=https://archive.org/details/emperorsempresse00akhm|url-access=registration|year=1996|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|page=[https://archive.org/details/emperorsempresse00akhm/page/252 252]}}</ref> * After rapper [[Jarad Higgins]], known as Juice WRLD, died from a [[drug overdose]] at the age of 21,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jenke |first=Tyler |date=2019-12-11 |title=Fans have floated a conspiracy theory that Juice WRLD faked his death |url=https://tonedeaf.thebrag.com/conspiracy-theory-juice-wrld-faked-death/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622035725/https://tonedeaf.thebrag.com/conspiracy-theory-juice-wrld-faked-death/ |archive-date=2023-06-22 |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Tone Deaf |language=en-AU}}</ref> many fans speculated that his lyrics suggested that he expected to die young and thus could have faked his death.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Makalintal |first=Bettina |date=2019-12-11 |title=Conspiracy Theories That Juice WRLD Is Still Alive Are Taking Over TikTok |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/4aggwb/conspiracy-theories-that-juice-wlrd-is-still-alive-are-taking-over-tiktok |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Vice |language=en |archive-date=2023-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622035723/https://www.vice.com/en/article/4aggwb/conspiracy-theories-that-juice-wlrd-is-still-alive-are-taking-over-tiktok |url-status=live }}</ref> For example, in "Legends", he sings, "What's the [[27 club]]? We ain't making it past 21," referring to a group of famous artists who died at the age of 27 (e.g. [[Kurt Cobain]], [[Amy Winehouse]], [[Jim Morrison]], [[Janis Joplin]], and [[Jimi Hendrix]]). ==Pseudocides in fiction== * ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'' (Shakespeare) – To avoid a [[forced marriage]], Juliet drinks a potion that causes her to appear dead for 42 hours. This backfires when Romeo hears of her death, unaware she was going to wake up, and kills himself, leading to Juliet also killing herself.<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|page=27}} *In [[Gabrielle-Suzanne de Villeneuve]]'s fairy tale ''[[Beauty and the Beast]]'', Beauty's and her [[fairy]] mother's deaths were staged due to an evil fairy's plot to harm them and their family members, one of whom being the Prince she turned into a Beast for rejecting her marriage proposal. *In ''[[The Adventure of the Empty House]]'', [[Sherlock Holmes]] {{Nowrap|re-appears}} to [[Dr. Watson]] several years after his presumed death grappling with [[Professor Moriarty]] at the Reichenbach Falls. Holmes explains that he survived the fall where Moriarty did not, but had to remain "officially" dead while Moriarty's lieutenant, [[Sebastian Moran]], was still at large. This event was loosely adapted by [[Steven Moffat]] for the 2010s television series ''[[Sherlock (TV series)|Sherlock]]'' starring [[Benedict Cumberbatch]] and [[Martin Freeman]] in the episode "[[The Reichenbach Fall]]". Holmes is the subject of [[List of Sherlock characters#Jim Moriarty|Jim Moriarty]]'s work to undermine him in the public's view to drive Holmes to suicide. Moriarty instead kills himself and Holmes appears to [[Altruistic suicide|kill himself to save his friends]], but survives with the help of his brother [[List of Sherlock characters#Mycroft Holmes|Mycroft Holmes]] and returns to his work in the next episode, "[[The Empty Hearse]]". * ''[[Adventures of Huckleberry Finn]]'' – to escape both his drunken father and his strict legal guardian, the main character fakes his own murder.<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|page=27}} * ''[[The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin]]''<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|page=105}} * ''[[Gone Girl (film)|Gone Girl]]'' (2014): In the bestselling book and film, the Dunne marriage is falling apart after the husband is discovered to be having an affair and the wife commits pseudocide and travels to the western U.S.<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|page=27}} * ''[[House (TV series)|House, M.D.]]'': Dr. [[Gregory House]], the titular character of the television series, fakes his death in the [[Everybody Dies (House)|series finale]] by switching [[dental records]] with a deceased patient. Gregory House, based on the character of Sherlock Holmes, commits pseudocide just as Holmes did in "[[The Adventure of the Empty House]]".{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} * ''[[The Outsider (Wright novel)|The Outsider]]'' (1953) by [[Richard Wright (author)|Richard Wright]] tells the story of Cross Damon, who survives a subway accident but leaves his coat on another man's severely disfigured corpse. Investigators assume it is Cross' body, and he takes the opportunity to escape his previous life.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} * In “[[What About Bob?]]” (1991), the title character, Bob Wiley ([[Bill Murray]]) is attempting to keep in touch with his psychiatrist Dr. Leo Marvin ([[Richard Dreyfuss]]) and poses as a detective to Dr. Marvin’s exchange staff to tell them that Bob committed suicide. While posing as a detective, Bob asks for postal information to Dr. Marvin’s residence in [[Lake Winnipesaukee]]. * ''[[Pretty Little Liars]]'' (2010): A high-school student fakes her death in order to rid herself of a [[stalker]] in the episode "[[A (Pretty Little Liars)|-A]]". [[Mona Vanderwaal]], another character, also attempted to fake her own murder.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} *''[[Despicable Me 2]]'' (2013): While Gru, Nefario and the girls are fighting the purple minions, Eduardo Perez reveals himself to be El Macho, a villain who faked his death by jumping out of a plane while standing on the back of a shark, having strapped two hundred and fifty pounds of dynamite to his chest, into the mouth of a volcano, which would end up killing both him and the shark. * ''[[Big Hero 6 (film)|Big Hero 6]]'' (2014): When Hiro manages to knock off the supervillain's mask at a teleportation research on an island, he thought that the villain was Krei, but its true identity was revealed to be Professor Callaghan instead, who faked his death by revealing that he escaped from the burning building by using Hiro's microbots to shield himself from the flames which killed his student and Hiro's brother, Tadashi after rushing into the burning building to save him. * ''[[The Simpsons]]'': [[Homer Simpson]] fakes his death to take a day off from work in the episode "[[Mother Simpson]]". In another episode, [[Krusty the Clown]] twice fakes his death in "[[Bart the Fink]]".{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} * ''[[Grand Theft Auto V]]'': This video game portrays a faked death.<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|page=27}} In the first mission "Prologue" Michael Townley (main protagonist) robbed a bank in North Yankton, then used a [[bullet hit squib]] to fake his death, and moved to Los Santos with a fake name "Michael De Santa", claiming to be in [[witness protection]]. * ''[[Alarm für Cobra 11 – Die Autobahnpolizei]]'': on the ending of the [[Alarm für Cobra 11 – Die Autobahnpolizei (season 4)|season 6]] finale "Ein Einsamer Sieg" (English: A Lonely Victory), Andre Fux was injured by the antagonist at sea. Andre is later rescued by a fisherman, who agrees to keep the secret of his fake death, and begins a new life with a new family. Fourteen years later, in the episode "[[List of Alarm für Cobra 11 – Die Autobahnpolizei episodes#Season 19 (2013–14)|Auferstehung]]" (Resurrection), Andre is reunited with Semir Gerkhan, his partner, who is still in the police. Semir learns that Andre's family had been killed. In the climactic scene, there is a car crash in the mountains. Semir tries to save Andre, but Andre falls off a cliff and dies. Before that, he gives Semir information about who killed Andre's family. * Kathy Beale in ''[[EastEnders]]'' faked her death for 10 years and made a return on the 30th anniversary in 2015. * ''[[Yakuza 6]]:'' [[Kazuma Kiryu]] faked his death to protect [[Haruka Sawamura]] and those around her and his friends. While under the radar, he helped [[Ichiban Kasuga]] in ''[[Yakuza: Like a Dragon]]'' by giving him the information he needed after a duel. * ''[[Who Killed Sara?]]'' – Appeared a few times. * In the James Bond film ''[[The Living Daylights]]'', Bond fakes General Leonid Pushkin's death during a conference in [[Tangier]], make to believe that General Georgi Koskov and [[Brad Whitaker]]'s plan to assassinate Pushkin succeeded. * In the James Bond film ''[[Spectre (2015 film)|Spectre]]'', Bond's adoptive brother Franz Oberhauser faked being killed in an avalanche alongside his father. In doing so, he took up the alias of [[Ernst Stavro Blofeld]].{{citation needed|date=June 2022}} * ''[[Nora Prentiss]]'', in which a man fakes his own death and is later charged with his own murder. * In the ''[[South Park]]'' episode, [[Marjorine]], the main characters fakes [[Leopold Stotch|Butters]]' death and have him disguised himself as the new girl, Marjorine, to try to steal a paper fortune teller from the girls. == True-crime genre == Several books and television shows are dedicated to the theme of faked deaths. These include the 2014 television show ''Nowhere to Hide'' on [[Investigation Discovery]], hosted by private investigator Steve Rambam.<ref name=":4" />{{Rp|page=43}} == See also == * {{annotated link|Brushy Bill Roberts}} * {{annotated link|Mock execution}} * {{annotated link|Cotard delusion}} * {{annotated link|Factitious disorder}} *{{Annotated link|Skiptrace}} ==References== {{reflist}} == Further reading == * {{cite book |author=Doug Richmond |title=[[How to Disappear Completely and Never Be Found]] |year=1985}} * {{cite book |title=Playing Dead: A Journey Through the World of Death Fraud |author=Elizabeth Greenwood |publisher=Simon & Schuster |isbn=978-1476739335 |year=2016}} {{Fraud}} {{Death}} [[Category:People who faked their own death| ]] [[Category:Suicide]] [[Category:Deception]] [[Category:Death]] [[Category:Fraud]] [[Category:Insurance fraud]] [[Category:Practical jokes]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span 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