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class="mw-page-title-main">Cinema of Estonia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Cinema of Estonia</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Marina_Tallinn_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Grand_Marina_Tallinn_2.jpg/220px-Grand_Marina_Tallinn_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Grand_Marina_Tallinn_2.jpg/330px-Grand_Marina_Tallinn_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Grand_Marina_Tallinn_2.jpg/440px-Grand_Marina_Tallinn_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="775" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Cinema <i>Grand Marina</i> (<a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, 1920-1935)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of <a href="/wiki/Projection_screen" title="Projection screen">screens</a></th><td class="infobox-data">74 (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-screens_uis_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-screens_uis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">6.3 per 100,000 (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-screens_uis_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-screens_uis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Main distributors</th><td class="infobox-data">Forum Cinemas AS 54.0%<br /><a href="/wiki/Acme_Film" class="mw-redirect" title="Acme Film">Acme Film</a> OÜ 36.0%<br /><a href="/wiki/Kuukulgur_Film" title="Kuukulgur Film">Kuukulgur Film</a> OÜ 4.0%<sup id="cite_ref-distributors_uis_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-distributors_uis-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Produced feature films (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-production_uis_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-production_uis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fictional</th><td class="infobox-data">8 (61.5%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Animated</th><td class="infobox-data">1 (7.7%)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Documentary</th><td class="infobox-data">4 (30.8%)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Number of admissions (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-adm_gross_uis_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adm_gross_uis-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total</th><td class="infobox-data">2,346,000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">1.96 (2012)<sup id="cite_ref-baltic_films_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baltic_films-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National films</th><td class="infobox-data">236,000 (10.1%)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Gross box office (2011)<sup id="cite_ref-adm_gross_uis_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adm_gross_uis-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total</th><td class="infobox-data">€9.17 million</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National films</th><td class="infobox-data">€472,000 (5.1%)</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:auto"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ccccff;font-size:110%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cinema of Estonia</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Estoniafilm.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Estoniafilm.png/100px-Estoniafilm.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Estoniafilm.png 1.5x" data-file-width="115" data-file-height="117" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Estonian_films" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Estonian films">List of Estonian films</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Estonian_films#1912-1918" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Estonian films">1908–1918</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Estonian_films#1918-1940" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Estonian films">1918–1940</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Estonian_films#1940-1953" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Estonian films">1940–1953</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Estonian_films#1953-1991" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Estonian films">1953–1991</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Estonian_films_since_1991" title="List of Estonian films since 1991">Since 1991</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Estonian_animated_films" title="List of Estonian animated films">Estonian Animation</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Estonian_film_list" title="Template:Estonian film list"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Estonian_film_list" title="Template talk:Estonian film list"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Estonian_film_list" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Estonian film list"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Cinema of Estonia</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Film_industry" title="Film industry">film industry</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Estonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Estonia">Republic of Estonia</a>. The motion pictures have won international awards and each year new Estonian films are seen at film festivals around the globe.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1896—1911"><span id="1896.E2.80.941911"></span>1896—1911</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Estonia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: 1896—1911"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first "moving pictures" were screened in <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> in 1896.<sup id="cite_ref-EE_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EE-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first movie theater was opened in 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first local documentary was made in 1908 with the production of a <a href="/wiki/Newsreel" title="Newsreel">newsreel</a> about <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Swedish</a> King <a href="/wiki/Gustav_V_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustav V of Sweden">Gustav V</a>’s visit to <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1912—1918"><span id="1912.E2.80.941918"></span>1912—1918</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Estonia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1912—1918"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Karujaht_P%C3%A4rnumaal_1914.ogv/220px--Karujaht_P%C3%A4rnumaal_1914.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="164" data-durationhint="87" data-mwtitle="Karujaht_Pärnumaal_1914.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Karujaht_P%C3%A4rnumaal_1914.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/Karujaht_P%C3%A4rnumaal_1914.ogv/Karujaht_P%C3%A4rnumaal_1914.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="322" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/Karujaht_P%C3%A4rnumaal_1914.ogv/Karujaht_P%C3%A4rnumaal_1914.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="322" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/06/Karujaht_P%C3%A4rnumaal_1914.ogv/Karujaht_P%C3%A4rnumaal_1914.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Karujaht_P%C3%A4rnumaal_1914.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="321" data-height="240" /></video></span><figcaption><i>Karujaht Pärnumaal</i>, Estonia Film</figcaption></figure> <p>The first Estonian documentary was created by <a href="/wiki/Johannes_P%C3%A4%C3%A4suke" title="Johannes Pääsuke">Johannes Pääsuke</a> in 1912 that was followed by a short film <i><a href="/wiki/Karujaht_P%C3%A4rnumaal" title="Karujaht Pärnumaal">Karujaht Pärnumaal</a></i> (Bear Hunt in Pärnumaa) in 1914. The first <a href="/wiki/Movie_studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Movie studio">movie studio</a> in Estonia, <i>Estonia Film Tartus</i> (The Tartu Studio of Estonia Film), was established by Johannes Pääsuke (1892–1918). Pääsuke produced documentaries, short films and pictures of Estonian nature for the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_National_Museum" title="Estonian National Museum">Estonian National Museum</a>. <a href="/wiki/Karujaht_P%C3%A4rnumaal" title="Karujaht Pärnumaal">Karujaht Pärnumaal</a> (Bear-Hunt in Pärnu County, 1914) was the first fictional short film made in Estonia. In total, eight films made by J. Pääsuke have survived and are stored at the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Film_Archives" class="mw-redirect" title="Estonian Film Archives">Estonian Film Archives</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EFA_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EFA-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1918—1940"><span id="1918.E2.80.941940"></span>1918—1940</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Estonia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1918—1940"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Konstatin_Marska.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Konstatin_Marska.jpg/220px-Konstatin_Marska.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Konstatin_Marska.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="152" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_M%C3%A4rska" title="Konstantin Märska">Konstantin Märska</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Culture_Film" title="Estonian Culture Film">Estonian Culture Film</a> in 1936</figcaption></figure> <p>The first full-length feature film was made in 1924 <i>Shadow of the Past</i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_M%C3%A4rska" title="Konstantin Märska">Konstantin Märska</a> and produced by his <i>Konstantin Märska Filmiproduktsioon</i> (Konstantin Märska Film Production). Two feature films by Märska have survived: <i><a href="/wiki/Vigased_pruudid" title="Vigased pruudid">Vigased pruudid</a></i> (1929) and <i><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCri_Rumm_(film)" title="Jüri Rumm (film)">Jüri Rumm</a></i> (1929). <i>Theodor Lutsu Filmiproduktsioon</i> (the Film Production of Theodor Luts Studio) was established by <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Luts" title="Theodor Luts">Theodor Luts</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Aksella_Luts" title="Aksella Luts">Aksella Luts</a>, who produced documentaries and feature films. His <i><a href="/wiki/Noored_kotkad" title="Noored kotkad">Noored kotkad</a></i> (Young Eagles) (1927) is generally regarded as the cornerstone of Estonian cinema.<sup id="cite_ref-Connor_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Connor-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Luts was also responsible for directing the only Estonian sound feature made before Soviet era, an Estonian-Finnish co-production <i>Päikese lapsed</i> (1932). Luts moved to Finland to work as a cinematographer immediately after finishing the film, and never returned to Estonia. Smaller film production studios in Estonia included <i>Siirius Film</i> and <i>K.Kalamees Tartu</i>. </p><p>The major film production company after the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> hit Estonia during the 1930s was state subsidized the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Culture_Film" title="Estonian Culture Film">Estonian Culture Film</a> (<a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a>: <i lang="et">Eesti Kultuurfilm</i>) that produced mostly documentaries.<br /> In late 1930s, Academy Award nominated <a href="/wiki/Miliza_Korjus" title="Miliza Korjus">Miliza Korjus</a> best known for a role in <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Waltz_(1938_film)" title="The Great Waltz (1938 film)"><i>The Great Waltz</i> (1938)</a>, daughter of an <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonian</a> <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel" title="Lieutenant colonel">lieutenant colonel</a> in the Imperial Russian Army and later Chief of Staff to the War Minister of Estonia, had a successful career in Hollywood film industry<sup id="cite_ref-CaCoBS_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CaCoBS-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first Estonian animated short film <i><a href="/wiki/Kutsu-Juku_seiklusi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kutsu-Juku seiklusi">Kutsu-Juku seiklusi</a></i> was made in 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-KJS_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KJS-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1940—1953"><span id="1940.E2.80.941953"></span>1940—1953</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Estonia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1940—1953"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the first year of <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Soviet occupation</a> (1940–1941) <i>Eesti Kultuurfilm</i> was taken over by the Communist Party and renamed <i>Kinokroonika Eesti Stuudio</i> (the Estonian Newsreel Studio). During the first decades of Soviet rule as Estonia became a part of USSR in 1944 after the end of World War II, filmmakers in Estonia were mostly coming from inner Soviet Union whose job was to create propaganda films that depicted the victory of socialism in a form of newsreels and documentaries like the newsreel "Soviet Estonia" (1950) created by <a href="/wiki/Semyon_Semyonovich_Shkolnikov" title="Semyon Semyonovich Shkolnikov">Semyon Semyonovich Shkolnikov</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Tomberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimir Tomberg (page does not exist)">Vladimir Tomberg</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Томберг, Владимир Эрнестович">ru</a>]</span>, and others.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CaCoBS_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CaCoBS-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Former Eesti Kultuurfilm was called <i>Kinokroonika Tallinna Stuudio</i> (The Tallinn Newsreel Studio) in 1942 during the <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Estonia_by_Nazi_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of Estonia by Nazi Germany">German occupation</a> in World War II and <i>Tallinna Kinostuudio</i> (The Tallinn Film Studio) in 1947 again by the Soviets.<sup id="cite_ref-EFA_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EFA-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the era two feature films on Soviet themes were produced in Estonia directed by <a href="/wiki/Gerbert_Rappaport" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerbert Rappaport">Gerbert Rappaport</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Austrians" title="Austrians">Austrian</a> émigré in Soviet Union:<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Elu tsitadellis (Life in the Citadel)</i> in 1947, <i>Valgus Koordis (Light in Koordi)</i> in 1951 that was the first <a href="/wiki/Color_motion_picture_film" title="Color motion picture film">color motion picture film</a> made in Estonia.<sup id="cite_ref-EFA_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EFA-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1953—1991"><span id="1953.E2.80.941991"></span>1953—1991</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Estonia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1953—1991"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the death of Stalin in 1953 a more liberal period in Soviet Union's cultural policies followed. Filmmakers started to enjoy greater artistic control at the same time the Soviet State Committee for Cinematography (<a href="/wiki/Goskino" class="mw-redirect" title="Goskino">Goskino</a>) in Moscow provided the money, state censorship body <a href="/wiki/Glavlit" class="mw-redirect" title="Glavlit">Glavlit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">CPSU</a> Department of Culture had the control over releasing the movies.<sup id="cite_ref-Connor_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Connor-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Tallinn Film Studio was renamed <i>Kunstiliste ja Kroonikafilmide Tallinna Kinostuudio</i> (Tallinn Feature- and Newsreel Film Studio) in 1954 and in 1963 was renamed again <a href="/wiki/Tallinnfilm" title="Tallinnfilm">Tallinnfilm</a><sup id="cite_ref-EFA_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EFA-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of the first films produced during the era that were co directed by an Estonian <a href="/wiki/Kaljo_Kiisk" title="Kaljo Kiisk">Kaljo Kiisk</a> were <i>Juunikuu päevad</i> (1957) and <i>Vallatud kurvid</i> also known as <i><a href="/wiki/Opasniye_Povoroty" class="mw-redirect" title="Opasniye Povoroty">Opasniye Povoroty</a></i>, the first dramatic film shot in <a href="/wiki/Kinopanorama" title="Kinopanorama">Kinopanorama</a> (1959). </p><p>In the 1960s a story of <a href="/wiki/Furst_Gabriel_or_Last_Days_of_the_Pirita_Monastery" title="Furst Gabriel or Last Days of the Pirita Monastery">Prince Gabriel</a> by Estonian writer <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Bornh%C3%B6he" title="Eduard Bornhöhe">Eduard Bornhöhe</a> was turned into a movie script by <a href="/wiki/Arvo_Valton" title="Arvo Valton">Arvo Valton</a>. <a href="/wiki/Grigori_Kromanov" title="Grigori Kromanov">Grigori Kromanov</a> was named to be the director of <i><a href="/wiki/Viimne_reliikvia" title="Viimne reliikvia">Viimne reliikvia</a></i> (The Last Relic), released in 1969 by Tallinnfilm. The movie set the absolute box office record for the entire Soviet Union at the time by selling 44,9 million tickets.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was successfully distributed by the Soviet film export internationally in more than 60 countries. The film also influenced Estonian literature: 2 short stories listed for the <a href="/wiki/Friedebert_Tuglas" title="Friedebert Tuglas">Friedebert Tuglas</a> award in 1970-75 included references to the Last Relic. </p><p>Another milestone in Estonian Cinema released in 1969 was <a href="/wiki/Arvo_Kruusement" title="Arvo Kruusement">Arvo Kruusement</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Spring_(1969_film)" title="Spring (1969 film)"><i>Kevade</i></a></i> (Spring) based on <a href="/wiki/Oskar_Luts" title="Oskar Luts">Oskar Luts</a> popular novel.<sup id="cite_ref-EE_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EE-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Successful films in the 1980s were <i><a href="/wiki/%22Hukkunud_Alpinisti%22_hotell" class="mw-redirect" title=""Hukkunud Alpinisti" hotell">"Hukkunud Alpinisti" hotell</a></i> (Dead Mountaineer's Hotel) by Kromanov and movies made by <a href="/wiki/Kaljo_Kiisk" title="Kaljo Kiisk">Kaljo Kiisk</a> such as <i>Nipernaadi</i> (1983). </p><p>The most prominent female director <a href="/wiki/Leida_Laius" title="Leida Laius">Leida Laius</a> who emerged during the era is best known for her <i>Kõrboja peremees</i> (1979) and <i><a href="/wiki/Naerata_ometi" title="Naerata ometi">Naerata ometi</a></i> (1985) receiving at the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_International_Film_Festival" title="Berlin International Film Festival">Berlin International Film Festival</a> UNICEF Award in 1985. <a href="/wiki/Peeter_Simm" title="Peeter Simm">Peeter Simm</a>'s best known Soviet era film is <i>Ideaalmaastik</i> (The Ideal Landscape) released in 1980. <a href="/wiki/Peeter_Urbla" title="Peeter Urbla">Peeter Urbla</a>'s <i>Ma pole turist, ma elan siin</i> (I'm Not a Tourist, I'm Living Here) (1988).  <a href="/wiki/Jaan_Kolberg" title="Jaan Kolberg">Jaan Kolberg</a> emerged by the end of Soviet era with films <i>See kadunud tee</i> (1990) (The Lost Way) and <i>Võlausaldajad</i> (Creditors) (1992) </p><p>Among the leading Estonian film actors during the Soviet era were <a href="/wiki/Rein_Aren" title="Rein Aren">Rein Aren</a> with about 30 roles, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCri_J%C3%A4rvet" title="Jüri Järvet">Jüri Järvet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leonhard_Merzin" title="Leonhard Merzin">Leonhard Merzin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Connor_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Connor-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Since_1991">Since 1991</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Estonia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Since 1991"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the collapse of the Soviet Union Estonia regained its independence, the cost of filmmaking skyrocketed and the 1990s showed decline in filmmaking that reached its bottom in 1996, the year when no <a href="/wiki/Fictional_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Fictional films">fictional films</a> and only 2 documentaries <i>Lipule... güüsile... valvel!</i> and <i>Turvalisuse illusioon</i> were made in Estonia. </p><p>In 1997, the <a href="/wiki/Estonian_Film_Foundation" title="Estonian Film Foundation">Estonian Film Foundation</a> was founded by the Estonian Ministry of Culture. Production of <i>Minu Leninid</i> (All My Lenins) (1997) a parody of Soviet Revolution by <a href="/wiki/Hardi_Volmer" title="Hardi Volmer">Hardi Volmer</a> marked a turnaround for Estonian feature films. In 1998, there were two feature films produced. <i><a href="/wiki/Georgica_(film)" title="Georgica (film)">Georgica</a></i> directed by Sulev Keedus won the <i>FIPRESCI Prize</i> at the <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Stockholm Film Festival">Stockholm Film Festival</a> in 1998 and the <i>Prix Europa Special</i> at <a href="/wiki/Prix_Europa" title="Prix Europa">Prix Europa</a> in 1999. <i><a href="/wiki/Ristumine_peateega" class="mw-redirect" title="Ristumine peateega">Ristumine peateega</a></i> (The Highway Crossing) directed by Arko Okk won the "FIPRESCI Prize" at the <a href="/wiki/Stockholm_International_Film_Festival" title="Stockholm International Film Festival">Stockholm International Film Festival</a> in 1999 and the Prize OPERA PRIMA at the <a href="/wiki/Uruguay_International_Film_Festival" title="Uruguay International Film Festival">Uruguay International Film Festival</a> in 2000. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Highway_Crossing" title="The Highway Crossing">The Highway Crossing</a></i> was also the first Estonian film at Hongkong International Film Festival <i><a href="/wiki/HKIFF" class="mw-redirect" title="HKIFF">HKIFF</a></i>. </p><p>Since then, the trend has also been towards joint film productions such as Peeter Simm's <i>Head käed</i> (Good Hands) (2001) a joint Estonian-Latvian coproduction that in 2002 won the <i>Manfred Salzgeber Award</i> at the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_International_Film_Festival" title="Berlin International Film Festival">Berlin International Film Festival</a> and the <i>Golden Olive Tree</i> Lecce Festival of European Cinema in Italy. <i>Kõrini</i> (Fed Up) (2005) an Estonian-German coproduction. <a href="/wiki/Arvo_Iho" title="Arvo Iho">Arvo Iho</a>' s <i>Karu süda</i> (Hart of the Bear) (2001) nominated for <i>Golden St. George</i> at the Moscow International Film Festival and for the <i>European Film Award</i> at <a href="/wiki/European_Film_Awards" title="European Film Awards">European Film Awards</a>, was a coproduction between Estonia, Germany, Russia and the Czech Republic. </p><p>The most commercially successful Estonian film in 2002 was <i><a href="/wiki/Names_in_Marble_(film)" title="Names in Marble (film)">Nimed marmortahvlil</a></i> (2002) (Names in Marble) by <a href="/wiki/Elmo_N%C3%BCganen" title="Elmo Nüganen">Elmo Nüganen</a> and in 2003 a comedy by <a href="/wiki/Rando_Pettai" title="Rando Pettai">Rando Pettai</a> <i>Vanad ja kobedad saavad jalad alla</i> (Made in Estonia) that in Estonia topped the international blockbuster <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers">The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers</a></i> with its box office results.<sup id="cite_ref-Connor_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Connor-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, two young directors emerged Jaak Kilmi and <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Reinum%C3%A4gi" title="René Reinumägi">René Reinumägi</a> with their <i><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Pigs" title="Revolution of Pigs">Sigade revolutsioon</a></i> (Revolution of Pigs) that won the <i>Special Jury Prize</i> and was nominated for <i>Golden St. George</i> at the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_International_Film_Festival" title="Moscow International Film Festival">Moscow International Film Festival</a>, and for <i>Grand Prix Asturias</i> at the <a href="/wiki/Gij%C3%B3n_International_Film_Festival" title="Gijón International Film Festival">Gijón International Film Festival</a>. </p><p>In 2007, about 10 feature films were made in Estonia. Most notable perhaps <i>Sügisball</i> (2007) by Veiko Õunpuu receiving among other awards <i>Best Director</i> at the <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki_Film_Festival" title="Thessaloniki Film Festival">Thessaloniki Film Festival</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Film_Festival_Bratislava" class="mw-redirect" title="International Film Festival Bratislava">International Film Festival Bratislava</a> and <i>Venice Horizons Award</i> at the <a href="/wiki/64th_Venice_International_Film_Festival" title="64th Venice International Film Festival">64th Venice International Film Festival</a>. <i>Georg</i> (2007) by Peeter Simm is a movie about the life of legendary Estonian singer <a href="/wiki/Georg_Ots" title="Georg Ots">Georg Ots</a>. </p><p>Most recent awarded film is Veiko Õunpuu's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Temptation_of_St._Tony" title="The Temptation of St. Tony">The Temptation of St. Tony</a></i> (2009). In 2011, Estonia made eight full-length films, which included one animated film.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2002_Top_Ten_Poll_results">2002 Top Ten Poll results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Estonia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2002 Top Ten Poll results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Estonian feature films Top Ten Poll in 2002 by Estonian film critics and journalists<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li><i><a href="/wiki/Spring_(1969_film)" title="Spring (1969 film)">Kevade</a></i> (1969) directed by <a href="/wiki/Arvo_Kruusement" title="Arvo Kruusement">Arvo Kruusement</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hullumeelsus" title="Hullumeelsus">Hullumeelsus</a></i> (1968) directed by <a href="/wiki/Kaljo_Kiisk" title="Kaljo Kiisk">Kaljo Kiisk</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ideaalmaastik" title="Ideaalmaastik">Ideaalmaastik</a></i> (1980) directed by <a href="/wiki/Peeter_Simm" title="Peeter Simm">Peeter Simm</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Viimne_reliikvia" title="Viimne reliikvia">Viimne reliikvia</a></i> (1969) directed by <a href="/wiki/Grigori_Kromanov" title="Grigori Kromanov">Grigori Kromanov</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Georgica_(film)" title="Georgica (film)">Georgica</a></i> (1998) directed by <a href="/wiki/Sulev_Keedus" title="Sulev Keedus">Sulev Keedus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nipernaadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nipernaadi">Nipernaadi</a></i> (1993) directed by <a href="/wiki/Kaljo_Kiisk" title="Kaljo Kiisk">Kaljo Kiisk</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%22Hukkunud_Alpinisti%22_hotell" class="mw-redirect" title=""Hukkunud Alpinisti" hotell">"Hukkunud Alpinisti" hotell</a></i> (1979) directed by <a href="/wiki/Grigori_Kromanov" title="Grigori Kromanov">Grigori Kromanov</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Naerata_ometi" title="Naerata ometi">Naerata ometi</a></i> (1985) directed by <a href="/wiki/Leida_Laius" title="Leida Laius">Leida Laius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arvo_Iho" title="Arvo Iho">Arvo Iho</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B5rgup%C3%B5hja_uus_Vanapagan" class="mw-redirect" title="Põrgupõhja uus Vanapagan">Põrgupõhja uus Vanapagan</a></i> (1964) directed by <a href="/wiki/Grigori_Kromanov" title="Grigori Kromanov">Grigori Kromanov</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCri_M%C3%BC%C3%BCr" title="Jüri Müür">Jüri Müür</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tuulte_pesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuulte pesa">Tuulte pesa</a></i> (1979) directed by <a href="/wiki/Olav_Neuland" title="Olav Neuland">Olav Neuland</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Estonia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Estonian_films" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Estonian films">List of Estonian films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_animation" title="Estonian animation">Estonian animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of the world">Cinema of the world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Estonian_submissions_for_the_Academy_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Estonian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film">List of Estonian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Estonia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-screens_uis-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-screens_uis_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-screens_uis_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225516/http://data.uis.unesco.org/?ReportId=5542">"Table 8: Cinema Infrastructure - Capacity"</a>. UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=5542">the original</a> on 24 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Table+8%3A+Cinema+Infrastructure+-+Capacity&rft.pub=UNESCO+Institute+for+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstats.uis.unesco.org%2Funesco%2FTableViewer%2FtableView.aspx%3FReportId%3D5542&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Estonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-distributors_uis-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-distributors_uis_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224225508/http://data.uis.unesco.org/">"Table 6: Share of Top 3 distributors (Excel)"</a>. UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/ReportFolders/reportFolders.aspx">the original</a> on 24 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Table+6%3A+Share+of+Top+3+distributors+%28Excel%29&rft.pub=UNESCO+Institute+for+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstats.uis.unesco.org%2Funesco%2FReportFolders%2FreportFolders.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Estonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-production_uis-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-production_uis_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181226145107/http://data.uis.unesco.org/?ReportId=5545">"Table 1: Feature Film Production - Genre/Method of Shooting"</a>. UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=5545">the original</a> on 26 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Table+1%3A+Feature+Film+Production+-+Genre%2FMethod+of+Shooting&rft.pub=UNESCO+Institute+for+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstats.uis.unesco.org%2Funesco%2FTableViewer%2FtableView.aspx%3FReportId%3D5545&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Estonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-baltic_films-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-baltic_films_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130514084402/http://www.nfc.lv/resources/File/F%26F%202013.pdf">"Baltic Films - Facts and figures"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Nacionālais Kino centrs. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nfc.lv/resources/File/F&F%202013.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 14 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baltic+Films+-+Facts+and+figures&rft.pub=Nacion%C4%81lais+Kino+centrs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nfc.lv%2Fresources%2FFile%2FF%26F%25202013.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Estonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-adm_gross_uis-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-adm_gross_uis_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adm_gross_uis_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225053209/http://data.uis.unesco.org/?ReportId=5538">"Table 11: Exhibition - Admissions & Gross Box Office (GBO)"</a>. UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=5538">the original</a> on 25 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Table+11%3A+Exhibition+-+Admissions+%26+Gross+Box+Office+%28GBO%29&rft.pub=UNESCO+Institute+for+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstats.uis.unesco.org%2Funesco%2FTableViewer%2FtableView.aspx%3FReportId%3D5538&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Estonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://estonia.eu/about-estonia/culture-a-science/estonian-film.html">Estonian Film 100</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140104203940/http://estonia.eu/about-estonia/culture-a-science/estonian-film.html">Archived</a> 2014-01-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Estonia.eu</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EE-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EE_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EE_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eiIpe99dL5MC">Eastern Europe By Tom Masters; p. 328</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mY1pAAAAMAAJ&q=baltic+german+Cinema">The Baltic States By Marje Jõeste, Küllo Arjakas</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-89960-026-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-89960-026-5">978-5-89960-026-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060927202203/http://www.einst.ee/publications/kultuur/cinema.html">"estonian culture - cinema"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.einst.ee/publications/kultuur/cinema.html">the original</a> on 2006-09-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-09-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=estonian+culture+-+cinema&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.einst.ee%2Fpublications%2Fkultuur%2Fcinema.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Estonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EFA-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EFA_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EFA_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EFA_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EFA_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020328022152/http://www.filmi.arhiiv.ee/">"The Estonian Film Archives"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://filmi.arhiiv.ee/">the original</a> on 2002-03-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-07-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Estonian+Film+Archives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffilmi.arhiiv.ee%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Estonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Connor-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Connor_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Connor_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Connor_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Connor_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IpR0-OrrwssC">Culture And Customs of the Baltic States By Kevin O'Connor</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CaCoBS-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CaCoBS_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CaCoBS_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrucht2005" class="citation book cs1">Frucht, Richard (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lVBB1a0rC70C"><i>Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture [3 Volumes]</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-800-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-800-6"><bdi>978-1-57607-800-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eastern+Europe%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+People%2C+Lands%2C+and+Culture+%5B3+Volumes%5D&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-800-6&rft.aulast=Frucht&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlVBB1a0rC70C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Estonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KJS-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KJS_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0212290/">"Kutsu-Juku seiklusi"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></i>. 30 April 1931.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=Kutsu-Juku+seiklusi&rft.date=1931-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0212290%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Estonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://csdfmuseum.ru/names/84-семён-школьников">"Семён ШКОЛЬНИКОВ"</a>. <i>Музей ЦСДФ</i> (in Russian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%A6%D0%A1%D0%94%D0%A4&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%91%D0%BD+%D0%A8%D0%9A%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%AC%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%9A%D0%9E%D0%92&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcsdfmuseum.ru%2Fnames%2F84-%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%91%D0%BD-%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Estonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kontakt.erstebankgroup.net/events/2008-04_Filmmuseum+Wien_Rappaport/en">Rappaport @ Filmmuseum in Wien</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=loCDXm_Ar58C&dq=Last+Relic+absolute+box+office&pg=PA325">Bridging the Cultural Divide By Sigrid Rieuwerts; p. 325</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0065180/business">Box office for Viimne reliikvia @ IMDB</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2012" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Ian Hayden (2012). <i>International Film Guide 2012</i>. p. 111. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-908215-01-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-908215-01-7"><bdi>978-1-908215-01-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Film+Guide+2012&rft.pages=111&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-908215-01-7&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Ian+Hayden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Estonia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tallinnfilm.ee/index.php?page=67&">tallinnfilm.ee</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080324021805/http://www.tallinnfilm.ee/index.php?page=67&">Archived</a> 2008-03-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Estonia&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ratatoulha.chez-alice.fr/estonien/cinema_estonien.html">Cinéma estonien</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061013063842/http://www.efsa.ee/index.php?page=3&">Estonian Film Foundation</a> (in English and Estonian)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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history">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Estonia" title="List of wars involving Estonia">list of wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Estonia" title="Ancient Estonia">Ancient Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_Crusade" title="Livonian Crusade">Livonian Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Estonia_(1219%E2%80%931346)" title="Duchy of Estonia (1219–1346)">Danish Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Mariana" title="Terra Mariana">German Bishoprics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_Order" title="Livonian Order">Livonian Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Germans" title="Baltic Germans">Baltic Germans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_War" title="Livonian War">Livonian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Livonia" title="Duchy of Livonia">Polish Livonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia_under_Swedish_rule" title="Estonia under Swedish rule">Swedish Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Estonia" title="Governorate of Estonia">Russian Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Livonia" title="Governorate of Livonia">Russian Livonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_national_awakening" title="Estonian national awakening">Age of Awakening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Estonia_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of Estonia during World War I">German occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Estonian Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_War_of_Independence" title="Estonian War of Independence">War of Independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_C%C4%93sis_(1919)" title="Battle of Cēsis (1919)">Battle of Võnnu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Estonia_(1920%E2%80%931939)" title="History of Estonia (1920–1939)">Interwar period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Era_of_Silence" title="Era of Silence">Era of Silence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Occupation of Estonia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic">Estonian SSR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia_in_World_War_II" title="Estonia in World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Guerrilla war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ants_Kaljurand" title="Ants Kaljurand">Ants Kaljurand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_partisans" title="Estonian partisans">Estonian partisans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_deportations_from_Estonia" title="Soviet deportations from Estonia">Deportations</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_government-in-exile" title="Estonian government-in-exile">Government-in-exile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Singing Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Sovereignty_Declaration" title="Estonian Sovereignty Declaration">Declaration of sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Restoration_of_Independence" title="Estonian Restoration of Independence">Restoration of independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Estonia" title="Geography of Estonia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Estonia" title="Climate of Estonia">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Estonia" title="Extreme points of Estonia">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Estonia" title="List of mammals of Estonia">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Estonia" title="List of islands of Estonia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Estonia" title="List of lakes of Estonia">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populated_places_in_Estonia" title="Populated places in Estonia">Populated places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Estonia" title="Protected areas of Estonia">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Estonia" title="List of rivers of Estonia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Estonia" title="List of cities and towns in Estonia">Towns</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Estonia" title="Politics of Estonia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Estonia" title="Counties of Estonia">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Estonia" title="Constitution of Estonia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Estonia" title="Elections in Estonia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Estonia" title="Foreign relations of Estonia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Estonia" title="Government of Estonia">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Estonia" title="Human rights in Estonia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Estonia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Estonia">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Estonia" title="Law of Estonia">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Police" title="Estonian Police">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Defence_Forces" title="Estonian Defence Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Estonia" title="List of political parties in Estonia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Estonia" title="President of Estonia">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Estonia" title="Prime Minister of Estonia">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riigikogu" title="Riigikogu"><i>Riigikogu</i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(parliament)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Estonia" title="Supreme Court of Estonia">Supreme Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Estonia" title="Economy of Estonia">Economy</a></th><td 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Estonia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Estonia" title="Tourism in Estonia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Estonia" title="Transport in Estonia">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Estonia" title="Category:Society of Estonia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Estonia" title="Crime in Estonia">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Estonia" title="Demographics of Estonia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Estonia" title="Education in Estonia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonians" title="Estonians">Estonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Estonia" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Estonia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Estonia" title="Healthcare in Estonia">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Estonia" title="Religion in Estonia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Estonia" title="Women in Estonia">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Estonia" title="Culture of Estonia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mu_isamaa,_mu_%C3%B5nn_ja_r%C3%B5%C3%B5m" title="Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm">Anthem</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/Category:Estonian_film_score_composers" title="Category:Estonian film score composers">Composers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Estonian_film_editors" title="Category:Estonian film editors">Editors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Estonian_film_producers" title="Category:Estonian film producers">Producers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Estonian_screenwriters" title="Category:Estonian screenwriters">Screenwriters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Film_production_companies_of_Estonia" title="Category:Film production companies of Estonia">Studios</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Estoniafilm.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Estoniafilm.png/16px-Estoniafilm.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_cinema" title="Template:World cinema"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_cinema" title="Template talk:World cinema"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_cinema" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World cinema"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_cinema" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_cinema" title="World cinema">World cinema</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_cinema" title="National cinema">National cinema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Africa" title="Cinema of Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Algeria" title="Cinema of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Egypt" title="Cinema of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Libya" title="Cinema of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Morocco" title="Cinema of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Tunisia" title="Cinema of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Djibouti" title="Cinema of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Eritrea" title="Cinema of Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ethiopia" title="Cinema of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kenya" title="Cinema of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Madagascar" title="Cinema of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Mauritius" title="Cinema of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Somalia" title="Cinema of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_Sudan" title="Cinema of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Sudan" title="Cinema of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Tanzania" title="Cinema of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Uganda" title="Cinema of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Zambia" title="Cinema of Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Zimbabwe" title="Cinema of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Benin" title="Cinema of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Burkina_Faso" title="Cinema of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cape_Verde" title="Cinema of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ghana" title="Cinema of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Liberia" title="Cinema of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Niger" title="Cinema of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Nigeria" title="Cinema of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Senegal" title="Cinema of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Togo" title="Cinema of Togo">Togo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Angola" title="Cinema of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cameroon" title="Cinema of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Cinema of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Chad" title="Cinema of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Cinema of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo DR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Gabon" title="Cinema of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Cinema of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Botswana" title="Cinema of Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Namibia" title="Cinema of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_Africa" title="Cinema of South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Asia" title="Cinema of Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cinema">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_China" title="Cinema of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Hong_Kong" title="Cinema of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Japan" title="Cinema of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Korea" title="Cinema of Korea">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_North_Korea" title="Cinema of North Korea">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_Korea" title="Cinema of South Korea">South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Mongolia" title="Cinema of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Taiwan" title="Cinema of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_cinema" title="South Asian cinema">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bangladesh" title="Cinema of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bhutan" title="Cinema of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_India" title="Cinema of India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_cinema" title="Assamese cinema">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_cinema,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali cinema, India">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_cinema" title="Bhojpuri cinema">Bhojpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarhi_cinema" title="Chhattisgarhi cinema">Chhattisgarhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deccani_film_industry" title="Deccani film industry">Deccani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_cinema" title="Dogri cinema">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_cinema" title="Gujarati cinema">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryanvi_cinema" title="Haryanvi cinema">Haryanvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi_cinema" title="Hindi cinema">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_cinema" title="Kannada cinema">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_cinema" title="Kashmiri cinema">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_cinema" title="Khasi cinema">Khasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkani_cinema" title="Konkani cinema">Konkani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_cinema" title="Malayalam cinema">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_cinema" title="Meitei cinema">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_cinema" title="Marathi cinema">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Odisha" title="Cinema of Odisha">Oriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_cinema" title="Punjabi cinema">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Rajasthan" title="Cinema of Rajasthan">Rajasthani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_cinema" title="Sanskrit cinema">Sanskrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_cinema" title="Tamil cinema">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_cinema" title="Telugu cinema">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulu_cinema" title="Tulu cinema">Tulu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Nepal" title="Cinema of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Pakistan" title="Cinema of Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lollywood" title="Lollywood">Lollywood</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Cinema of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_cinema" title="Southeast Asian cinema">Southeastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Burma">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cambodia" title="Cinema of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Indonesia" title="Cinema of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Laos" title="Cinema of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Malaysia" title="Cinema of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Philippines" title="Cinema of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Singapore" title="Cinema of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Thailand" title="Cinema of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Vietnam" title="Cinema of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Central_Asia" title="Cinema of Central Asia">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Afghanistan" title="Cinema of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kazakhstan" title="Cinema of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Cinema of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Tajikistan" title="Cinema of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Turkmenistan" title="Cinema of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Uzbekistan" title="Cinema of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_West_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of West Asia">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Armenia" title="Cinema of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Azerbaijan" title="Cinema of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bahrain" title="Cinema of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cyprus" title="Cinema of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Georgia" title="Cinema of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iran" title="Cinema of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iraq" title="Cinema of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Israel" title="Cinema of Israel">Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish cinema">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Jordan" title="Cinema of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kuwait" title="Cinema of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Lebanon" title="Cinema of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Oman" title="Cinema of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Palestine" title="Cinema of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Qatar" title="Cinema of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Cinema of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Syria" title="Cinema of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Turkey" title="Cinema of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Cinema of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Yemen" title="Cinema of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Russia" title="Cinema of Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Russian_Empire" title="Cinema of the Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Cinema of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Europe" title="Cinema of Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Belarus" title="Cinema of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bulgaria" title="Cinema of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Cinema of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Hungary" title="Cinema of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Moldova" title="Cinema of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Poland" title="Cinema of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Romania" title="Cinema of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Russia" title="Cinema of Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Russian_Empire" title="Cinema of the Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Cinema of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Slovakia" title="Cinema of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ukraine" title="Cinema of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Denmark" title="Cinema of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Cinema of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Finland" title="Cinema of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iceland" title="Cinema of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ireland" title="Cinema of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Latvia" title="Cinema of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Lithuania" title="Cinema of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Norway" title="Cinema of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Sweden" title="Cinema of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cinema of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Cinema of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Scotland" title="Cinema of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Wales" title="Cinema of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Albania" title="Cinema of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_films" title="List of Bosnia and Herzegovina films">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Croatia" title="Cinema of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Greece" title="Cinema of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Italy" title="Cinema of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kosovo" title="Cinema of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maltese_films" title="List of Maltese films">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_North_Macedonia" title="Cinema of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Portugal" title="Cinema of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Serbia" title="Cinema of Serbia">Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Yugoslavia" title="Cinema of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Spain" title="Cinema of Spain">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan cinema">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Galicia" title="Cinema of Galicia">Galicia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Austria" title="Cinema of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Belgium" title="Cinema of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_France" title="Cinema of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Germany" title="Cinema of Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish-German_cinema" title="Turkish-German cinema">German Turks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Luxembourg" title="Cinema of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cinema of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Switzerland" title="Cinema of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_American_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="North American cinema">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Canada" title="Cinema of Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Quebec" title="Cinema of Quebec">Quebec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Costa_Rica" title="Cinema of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cuba" title="Cinema of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dominican_Republic_films" title="List of Dominican Republic films">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Haiti" title="Cinema of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Jamaica" title="Cinema of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Mexico" title="Cinema of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Cinema of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of South America">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Argentina" title="Cinema of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bolivia" title="Cinema of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Brazil" title="Cinema of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Chile" title="Cinema of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Colombia" title="Cinema of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ecuador" title="Cinema of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Paraguay" title="Cinema of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Peru" title="Cinema of Peru">Peru</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iquitos" title="Cinema of Iquitos">Iquitos</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Suriname" title="Cinema of Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Uruguay" title="Cinema of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Venezuela" title="Cinema of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_films" title="List of Oceanian films">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Australia" title="Cinema of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Fiji" title="Cinema of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_New_Zealand" title="Cinema of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Samoa" title="Cinema of Samoa">Samoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intercontinental<br />& transnational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_cinema" title="Arab cinema">Arab World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_cinema" title="Balochi cinema">Balochi cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Middle_East" title="Cinema of the Middle East">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_cinema" title="Kurdish cinema">Kurdish cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American cinema">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Cinema of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/16px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/24px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/32px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film portal</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cinema_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Europe_topic" title="Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Europe_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cinema_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Europe" title="Cinema of Europe">Cinema of Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Albania" title="Cinema of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Andorra (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Armenia" title="Cinema of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Austria" title="Cinema of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Azerbaijan" title="Cinema of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Belarus" title="Cinema of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Belgium" title="Cinema of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bulgaria" title="Cinema of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Croatia" title="Cinema of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cyprus" title="Cinema of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Cinema of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Denmark" title="Cinema of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Finland" title="Cinema of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_France" title="Cinema of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Germany" title="Cinema of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Greece" title="Cinema of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Hungary" title="Cinema of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iceland" title="Cinema of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Italy" title="Cinema of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kazakhstan" title="Cinema of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Latvia" title="Cinema of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Liechtenstein (page does not exist)">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Lithuania" title="Cinema of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Luxembourg" title="Cinema of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Malta" title="Cinema of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Moldova" title="Cinema of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cinema of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_North_Macedonia" title="Cinema of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Norway" title="Cinema of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Poland" title="Cinema of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Portugal" title="Cinema of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Romania" title="Cinema of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Russia" title="Cinema of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Serbia" title="Cinema of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Slovakia" title="Cinema of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Spain" title="Cinema of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Sweden" title="Cinema of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Switzerland" title="Cinema of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Turkey" title="Cinema of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ukraine" title="Cinema of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cinema of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kosovo" title="Cinema of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Cinema of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_the_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of the Isle of Man (page does not exist)">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Jersey (page does not exist)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinema of Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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