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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Cricket</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cricket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baseball_and_softball" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baseball_and_softball"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Baseball and softball</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Baseball_and_softball-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Football_(Australian_rules)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Football_(Australian_rules)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Football (Australian rules)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Football_(Australian_rules)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lawn_bowls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lawn_bowls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Lawn bowls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lawn_bowls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netball" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netball"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Netball</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netball-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rowing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rowing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Rowing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rowing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sailing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sailing"> <div 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class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Official in various competitions</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the official in a variety of sports. For the similar term in other sports, see <a href="/wiki/Referee" title="Referee">Referee</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Umpire_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Umpire (disambiguation)">Umpire (disambiguation)</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Empire" title="Empire">Empire</a>.</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Umpire" title="Special:EditPage/Umpire">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Umpire%22">"Umpire"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Umpire%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Umpire%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Umpire%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Umpire%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Umpire%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wimbledonchair_frontview.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Wimbledonchair_frontview.jpg/170px-Wimbledonchair_frontview.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Wimbledonchair_frontview.jpg/255px-Wimbledonchair_frontview.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Wimbledonchair_frontview.jpg/340px-Wimbledonchair_frontview.jpg 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>A chair umpire prior to the start of a tennis match</figcaption></figure> <p>An <b>umpire</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Official#Sports" title="Official">official</a> in a variety of <a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">sports</a> and competition, responsible for enforcing the <a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_sport" title="Regulation of sport">rules of the sport</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Sportsmanship" title="Sportsmanship">sportsmanship</a> decisions such as <a href="/wiki/Ejection_(sports)" title="Ejection (sports)">ejection</a>. </p><p>The term derives from the <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">nonper</i></span>, <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">non</i></span>, <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">not</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> and <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">per</i></span>, <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">equal</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>: <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">one who is requested to act as arbiter of a dispute between two people</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (as evidenced in <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a>, where dismissal decisions can only be made on appeal). <span title="Middle English (1100-1500)-language text"><i lang="enm">Noumper</i></span> shows up around 1350 before undergoing a linguistic shift known as <a href="/wiki/False_splitting" class="mw-redirect" title="False splitting">false splitting</a>. It was written in 1426–1427 as <span title="Middle English (1100-1500)-language text"><i lang="enm">a noounpier</i></span>; the <i>n</i> was lost with the <i>a</i> <a href="/wiki/Indefinite_article" class="mw-redirect" title="Indefinite article">indefinite article</a> becoming <i>an</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest version without the <i>n</i> shows up as <span title="Middle English (1100-1500)-language text"><i lang="enm">owmpere</i></span>, a variant spelling in Middle English, circa 1440.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The leading <i>n</i> became permanently attached to the article, changing it to <span title="Middle English (1100-1500)-language text"><i lang="enm">an Oumper</i></span> around 1475. </p><p>The word was applied to the officials of many sports including <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a> (where it has been superseded by <i><a href="/wiki/Assistant-referee" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant-referee">assistant-referee</a></i>) and <a href="/wiki/Umpire_(cricket)" title="Umpire (cricket)">cricket</a> (which still uses it). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Field_hockey">Field hockey</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umpire&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Field hockey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Umpire_(field_hockey)" title="Umpire (field hockey)">Umpire (field hockey)</a></div> <p>An umpire in <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">field hockey</a> is a person with the authority to make decisions on a hockey field in accordance with the laws of the game. Each match is controlled by two such umpires, where it is ty </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cricket">Cricket</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umpire&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cricket"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Umpire_(cricket)" title="Umpire (cricket)">Umpire (cricket)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cricket_Umpire_dismissal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Cricket_Umpire_dismissal.jpg/170px-Cricket_Umpire_dismissal.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Cricket_Umpire_dismissal.jpg/255px-Cricket_Umpire_dismissal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Cricket_Umpire_dismissal.jpg/340px-Cricket_Umpire_dismissal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A cricket umpire calling a batsman out</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a>, dismissal decisions can only be made on appeal by the players. Otherwise, on-field decisions, relevant to the rules and scoring and of the game, are handled by two on-field <a href="/wiki/Umpire_(cricket)" title="Umpire (cricket)">umpires</a>, although an off-field <a href="/wiki/Third_umpire" title="Third umpire">third umpire</a> may help with certain decisions. At the international level, the <a href="/wiki/Match_referee" title="Match referee">match referee</a> is an off-field official who makes judgements concerning the reputable conduct of the game and hands out penalties for breaches of the <a href="/wiki/ICC_Cricket_Code_of_Conduct" title="ICC Cricket Code of Conduct">ICC Cricket Code of Conduct</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Baseball_and_softball">Baseball and softball</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umpire&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Baseball and softball"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Umpire_(baseball)" title="Umpire (baseball)">Umpire (baseball)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MLB_umpire.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/MLB_umpire.JPG/170px-MLB_umpire.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/MLB_umpire.JPG/255px-MLB_umpire.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/MLB_umpire.JPG/340px-MLB_umpire.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>A second base umpire at a baseball game</figcaption></figure> <p>In baseball and softball, there is commonly a head umpire (also known as a plate umpire) who is in charge of calling balls and strikes from behind the plate, who is assisted by one, two, three, or five field umpires who make calls on their specific bases (or with five umpires the bases and the outfield). On any question, all umpires are equal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Football_(Australian_rules)"><span id="Football_.28Australian_rules.29"></span>Football (Australian rules)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umpire&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Football (Australian rules)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Umpire_(Australian_rules_football)" title="Umpire (Australian rules football)">Umpire (Australian rules football)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AFL_Goal_Umpire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/AFL_Goal_Umpire.jpg/170px-AFL_Goal_Umpire.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/AFL_Goal_Umpire.jpg/255px-AFL_Goal_Umpire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/AFL_Goal_Umpire.jpg/340px-AFL_Goal_Umpire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2248" /></a><figcaption>A goal umpire officiating between the goal posts at one end of an Australian rules football field</figcaption></figure> <p>An umpire is an official in the sport of Australian rules football. Games are overseen by one to four field umpires, two to four boundary umpires, and two goal umpires. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lawn_bowls">Lawn bowls</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umpire&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Lawn bowls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Bowls" title="Bowls">lawn bowls</a> match is presided over by a bowls umpire or technical official. In games where single players compete, a marker is required to direct play and assist players with questions relating to the position of their bowls. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Netball">Netball</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umpire&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Netball"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rules_of_netball" title="Rules of netball">Rules of netball</a></div> <p>In the game of <a href="/wiki/Netball" title="Netball">netball</a>, the match at hand is presided over by two umpires, typically female, with a comprehensive knowledge of the rules. There are also two <a href="/wiki/Timekeeper" title="Timekeeper">timekeepers</a> and two scorekeepers who inform the umpires and players of time remaining and scores. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rowing">Rowing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umpire&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rowing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a <a href="/wiki/Regatta" class="mw-redirect" title="Regatta">regatta</a> an umpire is the on-the-water official appointed to enforce the rules of racing and to ensure safety. In some cases an umpire may be designated specifically as starter, or otherwise the umpire starts the race from a launch and follows it to its end, ensuring that crews follow their proper course. If no infringements occur, the result is decided by a judge or judges on the waterside who determine the finish order of the crews. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sailing">Sailing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umpire&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sailing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Match_race" class="mw-redirect" title="Match race">match race</a> and team racing, an <a href="/wiki/International_Umpire_of_Sailing" title="International Umpire of Sailing">umpire</a> is an on-the-water referee appointed to directly enforce the <a href="/wiki/Racing_Rules_of_Sailing" title="Racing Rules of Sailing">Racing Rules of Sailing</a>. An umpire is also used in fleet racing to enforce <a href="/wiki/Racing_Rules_of_Sailing" title="Racing Rules of Sailing">Racing Rule</a> 42 which limits the use of kinetics to drive the boat rather than the wind. Umpires are rarely present during sailing races as decisions are normally referred to a <a href="/wiki/International_Judge_of_Sailing" title="International Judge of Sailing">jury-style</a> protest committee after the race. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tennis">Tennis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umpire&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Tennis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Official_(tennis)" title="Official (tennis)">Official (tennis)</a></div> <p>In tennis an <a href="/wiki/Official_(tennis)#Chair_umpire" title="Official (tennis)">umpire</a> is an on-court official, while a <a href="/wiki/Official_(tennis)#Referee" title="Official (tennis)">referee</a> is an off-court official. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Badminton">Badminton</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umpire&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Badminton"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In badminton, the umpire has set authority to call faults and lets. Umpires also keep score and respond to challenges requested by badminton players. <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umpire&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umpire_abuse" title="Umpire abuse">Umpire abuse</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umpire&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180902084456/https://www.deseretnews.com/article/519003/UMPIRE-CAME-FROM-FRENCH-AS-WORD-MEANING-NOT-EQUAL.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Umpire' Came from French as Word Meaning 'Not Equal'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deseret_News" title="Deseret News">Deseret News</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a>. <a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a>. October 13, 1996. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deseretnews.com/article/519003/UMPIRE-CAME-FROM-FRENCH-AS-WORD-MEANING-NOT-EQUAL.html">the original</a> on September 2, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deseret+News&rft.atitle=%27Umpire%27+Came+from+French+as+Word+Meaning+%27Not+Equal%27&rft.date=1996-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deseretnews.com%2Farticle%2F519003%2FUMPIRE-CAME-FROM-FRENCH-AS-WORD-MEANING-NOT-EQUAL.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUmpire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>noumpere</i>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> <a href="/wiki/Dictionary" title="Dictionary">dictionary</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sarahemilybond.com/2015/10/15/the-fall-of-the-roman-umpire-a-short-history-of-ancient-referees/">The Fall of the Roman Umpire</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://badminton.org.nz/courses/national-accredited-line-judge/lessons/roles-of-technical-officials/topic/role-of-the-umpire/">"Role of the Umpire - Badminton New Zealand"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Role+of+the+Umpire+-+Badminton+New+Zealand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbadminton.org.nz%2Fcourses%2Fnational-accredited-line-judge%2Flessons%2Froles-of-technical-officials%2Ftopic%2Frole-of-the-umpire%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUmpire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umpire&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/20px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/umpire" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:umpire"><i>umpire</i></a> at Wiktionary</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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