CINXE.COM

Topics — ProPublica

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" class="no-js"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <!-- Meta Tags for Parse.ly --> <meta name="parsely-title" content="Topics" /> <meta name="parsely-link" content="https://www.propublica.org/topics" /> <meta name="parsely-type" content="index" /> <meta name="parsely-image-url" content="https://assets.propublica.org/2017-pp-open-graph-1200x630.jpg" /> <meta name="parsely-pub-date" content="2019-10-31T13:15:00-04:00" /> <meta name="parsely-section" content="National" /> <meta name="parsely-author" content="" /> <meta name="parsely-tags" content="lang:en" /> <!-- Critical JS --> <script>(function(H){H.className=H.className.replace(/\bno-js\b/,'enhanced')})(document.documentElement)</script> <script>window.PP={};window.PP.utils={};window.PP.config={};PP.config.donateBanner={secondsUntilShown:0.25,daysForDonateBarDismissal:3};;(function(win,undefined){win.PP=win.PP||{};win.PP.utils=win.PP.utils||{};var PP=win.PP;// loadJS: load a JS file asynchronously. Included from https://github.com/filamentgroup/loadJS/ function loadJS(src,cb){"use strict";var ref=window.document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];var script=window.document.createElement("script");script.src=src;script.async=true;ref.parentNode.insertBefore(script,ref);if(cb&&typeof cb==="function"){script.onload=cb}return script}PP.utils.loadJS=loadJS;// cookie function from https://github.com/filamentgroup/cookie/ function cookie(name,value,days){// if value is undefined, get the cookie value if(value===undefined){var cookiestring="; "+window.document.cookie;var cookies=cookiestring.split("; "+name+"=");if(cookies.length===2){return cookies.pop().split(";").shift()}return null}else{var expires;var domain;// if value is a false boolean, we'll treat that as a delete if(value===false){days=-1}if(days){var date=new Date;date.setTime(date.getTime()+days*24*60*60*1000);expires="; expires="+date.toGMTString()}else{expires=""}if(location.hostname.endsWith(".propublica.org")){// Cookie set on www.propublica.org can be read on // projects.propublica.org (and vice versa) domain="; domain=.propublica.org"}else{// Cookie limited to current hostname domain=""}window.document.cookie=name+"="+value+expires+domain+"; path=/"}}// expose it PP.utils.cookie=cookie;// basic logging function function log(logLine){const logOn=new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get("__pp-debug");if(logOn!==null){console.log(logLine)}}// expose it PP.utils.log=log;// generic event throttler using requestAnimationFrame function rafEvent(type,name,obj){obj=obj||win;var running=false;var func=function(){if(running){return}running=true;requestAnimationFrame(function(){obj.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(name));running=false})};obj.addEventListener(type,func)}PP.utils.rafEvent=rafEvent;PP.utils.rafEvent("resize","rafResize");PP.utils.rafEvent("scroll","rafScroll");// Create a series of breakpoints corresponding to the ones in css/config/_column-settings.scss // // Usage: // // 1. Check if breakpoint condition matches // if (PP.utils.aboveBreakpoint("lg").matches) { console.log("Is Desktop"); } // if (PP.utils.belowBreakpoint("lg").matches) { console.log("Is Mobile"); } // // 2. Listener that triggers when breakpoint condition changes // aboveBreakpoint("lg").addEventListener("change", function () { console.log("Mobile/Desktop breakpoint changed."); }); const breakpoints={xs:0,sm:36,md:48,lg:60,xl:78,xxl:88};PP.utils.breakpoints=breakpoints;function aboveBreakpoint(value){return window.matchMedia(`(min-width: ${PP.utils.breakpoints[value]}em)`)}function belowBreakpoint(value){return window.matchMedia(`(max-width: ${PP.utils.breakpoints[value]}em)`)}PP.utils.aboveBreakpoint=aboveBreakpoint;PP.utils.belowBreakpoint=belowBreakpoint})(this);;(function(win,undefined){// Enable JS strict mode "use strict";// Environment variables var PP=win.PP,utils=PP.utils,docClasses=[];// if ( "sessionStorage" in window ) { // // // Font loading! // var fontsClass = "fonts-loaded"; // // if ( sessionStorage.getItem( "fontsLoaded" ) === "loaded" ) { // docClasses.push( fontsClass ); // } else { // // Okay! Let’s watch for font events! // var tiemposText = new FontFaceObserver( "Tiempos Text", { // weight: 400 // } ); // var tiemposTextItalic = new FontFaceObserver( "Tiempos Text", { // style: "italic", // weight: 400 // } ); // var tiemposTextBold = new FontFaceObserver( "Tiempos Text", { // weight: 700 // } ); // var tiemposTextBoldItalic = new FontFaceObserver( "Tiempos Text", { // style: "italic", // weight: 700 // } ); // var graphik = new FontFaceObserver( "Graphik", { // weight: 400 // } ); // var graphikItalic = new FontFaceObserver( "Graphik", { // style: "italic", // weight: 400 // } ); // var graphikBold = new FontFaceObserver( "Graphik", { // weight: 700 // } ); // var graphikBoldItalic = new FontFaceObserver( "Graphik", { // style: "italic", // weight: 700 // } ); // // // When the fonts above are loaded, we'll attach a .fonts-loaded class to the document. (Per https://www.filamentgroup.com/lab/font-events.html) We'll also append the class to the `html`. // win.Promise // .all( [ // tiemposText.load(), // tiemposTextItalic.load(), // tiemposTextBold.load(), // tiemposTextBoldItalic.load(), // graphik.load(), // graphikItalic.load(), // graphikBold.load(), // graphikBoldItalic.load() // ] ) // .then( function() { // win.document.documentElement.className += " " + fontsClass; // sessionStorage.setItem( "fontsLoaded" , "loaded" ); // } ); // } // } // Add scoping classes to HTML element win.document.documentElement.className+=" "+docClasses.join(" ")})(this); //# sourceMappingURL=initial.js.map </script> <!-- DFP JS --> <script src="https://htlbid.com/v3/propublica.org/htlbid.js" async></script> <script>window.htlbid = window.htlbid || {}; htlbid.cmd = htlbid.cmd || []; htlbid.cmd.push(function() { htlbid.layout("universal"); // Leave as "universal" or add custom layout htlbid.setTargeting("is_testing", "no"); htlbid.setTargeting("is_home", "no"); // Set to "yes" on the homepage }); </script> <!-- PRECONNECT --> <link href="https://assets.propublica.org" rel="preconnect"> <link href="https://assets.propublica.org" rel="dns-prefetch"> <link href="https://img.assets-c3.propublica.org" rel="dns-prefetch"> <link href="https://img.assets-d.propublica.org" rel="dns-prefetch"> <!-- STYLES --> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.propublica.org/static/prod/v4/css/main.be9b0aa1.css"> <!-- OTHER --> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://assets.propublica.org/static/prod/v4/images/favicon.ico"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://assets.propublica.org/static/prod/v4/images/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://assets.propublica.org/static/prod/v4/images/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://assets.propublica.org/static/prod/v4/images/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://assets.propublica.org/static/prod/v4/images/favicon-128x128.png" sizes="128x128"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://assets.propublica.org/static/prod/v4/images/favicon-196x196.png" sizes="196x196"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://assets.propublica.org/static/prod/v4/images/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png" sizes="180x180"> <meta name="application-name" content="ProPublica"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#FFFFFF"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://assets.propublica.org/static/prod/v4/images/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="msapplication-square70x70logo" content="https://assets.propublica.org/static/prod/v4/images/mstile-70x70.png"> <meta name="msapplication-square150x150logo" content="https://assets.propublica.org/static/prod/v4/images/mstile-150x150.png"> <meta name="msapplication-wide310x150logo" content="https://assets.propublica.org/static/prod/v4/images/mstile-310x150.png"> <meta name="msapplication-square310x310logo" content="https://assets.propublica.org/static/prod/v4/images/mstile-310x310.png"> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; </script> <!--mastodon--> <link rel="me" href="https://newsie.social/@ProPublica" /> <meta name="fediverse:creator" content="@propublica@newsie.social" /> <title>Topics — ProPublica</title><meta name="description" content="ProPublica is an independent, non-profit newsroom that produces investigative journalism in the public interest."> <meta name="referrer" content="no-referrer-when-downgrade"> <meta name="robots" content="all"> <meta content="13320939444" property="fb:profile_id"> <meta content="229862657130557" property="fb:app_id"> <meta content="en_US" property="og:locale"> <meta content="ProPublica" property="og:site_name"> <meta content="website" property="og:type"> <meta content="https://www.propublica.org/topics" property="og:url"> <meta content="Topics" property="og:title"> <meta content="ProPublica is an independent, non-profit newsroom that produces investigative journalism in the public interest." property="og:description"> <meta content="https://assets.propublica.org/2017-pp-open-graph-1200x630.jpg" property="og:image"> <meta content="https://vimeo.com/propublica" property="og:see_also"> <meta content="https://www.pinterest.com/propublica" property="og:see_also"> <meta content="https://www.instagram.com/propublica" property="og:see_also"> <meta content="https://www.linkedin.com/company/propublica/" property="og:see_also"> <meta content="https://github.com/propublica" property="og:see_also"> <meta content="https://www.youtube.com/user/propublica" property="og:see_also"> <meta content="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProPublica" property="og:see_also"> <meta content="https://www.facebook.com/propublica/" property="og:see_also"> <meta content="https://twitter.com/propublica" property="og:see_also"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@propublica"> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@propublica"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Topics"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="ProPublica is an independent, non-profit newsroom that produces investigative journalism in the public interest."> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://assets.propublica.org/2017-pp-open-graph-1200x630.jpg"> <link href="https://www.propublica.org/topics" rel="canonical"> <link href="https://www.propublica.org" rel="home"> <link type="text/plain" href="https://www.propublica.org/humans.txt" rel="author"></head> <body id="www-propublica-org" class="listing topics-index"> <a href="#main" class="a11y a11y-focusable skiplink">Skip to main content</a> <!-- SVG Sprite Sheet (sprites in alphabetical order) --> <svg style="display: none;"> <!-- Close button light --> <symbol id="icon-close-light" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <title>Close</title> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="square"> <g transform="translate(-1149.000000, -24.000000)" class="line" stroke="#FFFFFF" stroke-width="2"> <g id="Group-6" transform="translate(1150.000000, 25.000000)"> <path d="M0.393398282,21.6066017 L21.6066017,0.393398282" id="Line-lt"></path> <path d="M0.393398282,21.6066017 L21.6066017,0.393398282" id="Line-lt-Copy" transform="translate(11.000000, 11.000000) scale(-1, 1) translate(-11.000000, -11.000000) "></path> </g> </g> </g> </symbol> <!-- Close button dark --> <symbol id="icon-close-dark" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <title>Close</title> <g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="square"> <g transform="translate(-1149.000000, -24.000000)" class="line" stroke="#304154" stroke-width="2"> <g id="Group-6-2" transform="translate(1150.000000, 25.000000)"> <path d="M0.393398282,21.6066017 L21.6066017,0.393398282" id="Line-dk"></path> <path d="M0.393398282,21.6066017 L21.6066017,0.393398282" id="Line-dk-Copy" transform="translate(11.000000, 11.000000) scale(-1, 1) translate(-11.000000, -11.000000) "></path> </g> </g> </g> </symbol> <!-- Comment --> <symbol id="icon-comment" viewbox="0 0 24 24"> <title>Comment</title> <path d="M23.05,6.71a8,8,0,0,1,0,7.58A9.86,9.86,0,0,1,20.5,17.4a12.6,12.6,0,0,1-3.83,2.07,14.1,14.1,0,0,1-4.67.77,15.91,15.91,0,0,1-2-.14Q6.83,23.25,3.5,23.25a.48.48,0,0,1-.48-.3.54.54,0,0,1,.12-.55l0,0a7.21,7.21,0,0,0,1.59-3,9,9,0,0,0,.19-.94A10.65,10.65,0,0,1,1.32,15,8.11,8.11,0,0,1,.95,6.71,9.87,9.87,0,0,1,3.5,3.6,12.6,12.6,0,0,1,7.33,1.52,14.1,14.1,0,0,1,12,.75a14.1,14.1,0,0,1,4.67.77A12.6,12.6,0,0,1,20.5,3.6,9.86,9.86,0,0,1,23.05,6.71Z"/> </symbol> <!-- Creative Commons --> <symbol id="icon-cc" viewbox="0 0 24 24"> <title>Creative Commons</title> <path d="M12,0A11.56,11.56,0,0,0,3.56,3.49,12.07,12.07,0,0,0,0,12a11.78,11.78,0,0,0,3.52,8.45A11.9,11.9,0,0,0,12,24a12.21,12.21,0,0,0,8.59-3.58A11.55,11.55,0,0,0,24,12a11.76,11.76,0,0,0-3.46-8.48A11.87,11.87,0,0,0,12,0Zm0,2.17A9.77,9.77,0,0,1,21.83,12,9.37,9.37,0,0,1,19,18.87a10,10,0,0,1-7,2.93A9.7,9.7,0,0,1,5.1,18.9,9.76,9.76,0,0,1,2.17,12,9.91,9.91,0,0,1,5.1,5,9.45,9.45,0,0,1,12,2.17Z"/><path d="M11.86,10A3.37,3.37,0,0,0,8.68,8.28,3.45,3.45,0,0,0,5.17,12a3.39,3.39,0,0,0,3.58,3.72,3.6,3.6,0,0,0,3.15-1.87l-1.49-.76a1.46,1.46,0,0,1-1.48,1c-1.1,0-1.61-.92-1.61-2.13s.43-2.13,1.61-2.13a1.52,1.52,0,0,1,1.33,1Z"/><path d="M18.79,10a3.38,3.38,0,0,0-3.18-1.73A3.45,3.45,0,0,0,12.1,12a3.39,3.39,0,0,0,3.58,3.72,3.6,3.6,0,0,0,3.15-1.87l-1.49-.76a1.46,1.46,0,0,1-1.48,1c-1.1,0-1.61-.92-1.61-2.13s.43-2.13,1.61-2.13a1.52,1.52,0,0,1,1.33,1Z"/> </symbol> <!-- Donate --> <symbol id="icon-donate" viewbox="0 0 24 24"> <title>Donate</title> <path d="M1,24H11V22H10a3,3,0,0,1-3-3H9a1,1,0,0,0,1,1h1V18H10a3,3,0,0,1,0-6h1V10H1Z"/><path d="M9,15a1,1,0,0,0,1,1h1V14H10A1,1,0,0,0,9,15Z"/><path d="M13,12h1a3,3,0,0,1,3,3H15a1,1,0,0,0-1-1H13v2h1a3,3,0,0,1,0,6H13v2H23V10H13Z"/><path d="M15,19a1,1,0,0,0-1-1H13v2h1A1,1,0,0,0,15,19Z"/><path d="M20.65,5A3.46,3.46,0,0,0,21,3.5,3.5,3.5,0,0,0,17.5,0,6.5,6.5,0,0,0,12,3.05,6.5,6.5,0,0,0,6.5,0,3.5,3.5,0,0,0,3,3.5,3.46,3.46,0,0,0,3.35,5H0V9H24V5ZM6.5,5a1.5,1.5,0,0,1,0-3,4.49,4.49,0,0,1,4.22,3Zm11,0H13.28A4.49,4.49,0,0,1,17.5,2a1.5,1.5,0,0,1,0,3Z"/> </symbol> <!-- Email --> <symbol id="icon-email" viewbox="0 0 24 24"> <title>Email</title> <path d="M12,13.5,0,4.5A1.45,1.45,0,0,1,.44,3.44,1.44,1.44,0,0,1,1.5,3h21A1.5,1.5,0,0,1,24,4.5Zm0,2.7,12-9V19.5A1.5,1.5,0,0,1,22.5,21H1.5a1.44,1.44,0,0,1-1.06-.44A1.45,1.45,0,0,1,0,19.5V7.2Z"/> </symbol> <!-- Email (add/subscribe) --> <symbol id="icon-add-email" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <title>Add Email</title> <path d="M18.81,2a5.13,5.13,0,0,0-5.2,5.06A5.2,5.2,0,0,0,24,7.08,5.13,5.13,0,0,0,18.81,2Zm3.24,5.7h-2.6v2.53H18.16V7.72h-2.6V6.45h2.6V3.91h1.29V6.45h2.6Zm-2.6,5.65V20.8A1.2,1.2,0,0,1,18.24,22h-17A1.2,1.2,0,0,1,0,20.8V11l9.73,7.14,7-5.12a6.89,6.89,0,0,0,2.1.34C19,13.4,19.24,13.39,19.45,13.37ZM9.73,16,0,8.9A1.2,1.2,0,0,1,1.22,7.72H12.35A6.28,6.28,0,0,0,15,12.18Z"/> </symbol> <!-- Facebook --> <symbol id="icon-facebook" viewbox="0 0 24 24"> <title>Facebook</title> <path d="M24,1.5v21A1.52,1.52,0,0,1,22.5,24h-6V14.67h3l.5-3.46H16.5V8.5a1.6,1.6,0,0,1,.38-1.15A1.48,1.48,0,0,1,18,6.95h2.25V3.83a15.64,15.64,0,0,0-2.46-.16A5.11,5.11,0,0,0,14.1,4.89a4.41,4.41,0,0,0-1.27,3.33v3h-3v3.46h3V24H1.5a1.44,1.44,0,0,1-1.05-.45A1.44,1.44,0,0,1,0,22.5V1.5A1.44,1.44,0,0,1,.45.45,1.44,1.44,0,0,1,1.5,0h21a1.44,1.44,0,0,1,1.05.45A1.44,1.44,0,0,1,24,1.5Z"/> </symbol> <!-- Instagram --> <symbol id="icon-instagram" viewbox="0 0 24 24"> <title>Instagram</title> <path d="M12,2.32c3.15,0,3.53,0,4.77.07a6.51,6.51,0,0,1,2.19.4,3.58,3.58,0,0,1,1.36.89A3.58,3.58,0,0,1,21.21,5a6.51,6.51,0,0,1,.4,2.19c.06,1.24.07,1.62.07,4.77s0,3.53-.07,4.77a6.51,6.51,0,0,1-.4,2.19A4,4,0,0,1,19,21.21a6.51,6.51,0,0,1-2.19.4c-1.24.06-1.62.07-4.77.07s-3.53,0-4.77-.07A6.51,6.51,0,0,1,5,21.21a3.58,3.58,0,0,1-1.36-.89A3.58,3.58,0,0,1,2.79,19a6.51,6.51,0,0,1-.4-2.19c-.06-1.24-.07-1.62-.07-4.77s0-3.53.07-4.77A6.51,6.51,0,0,1,2.79,5a3.58,3.58,0,0,1,.89-1.36A3.58,3.58,0,0,1,5,2.79a6.51,6.51,0,0,1,2.19-.4c1.24-.06,1.62-.07,4.77-.07M12,.19C8.79.19,8.39.2,7.13.26A8.84,8.84,0,0,0,4.26.81,6,6,0,0,0,.81,4.26,8.84,8.84,0,0,0,.26,7.13C.2,8.39.19,8.79.19,12s0,3.61.07,4.87a8.84,8.84,0,0,0,.55,2.87,6,6,0,0,0,3.45,3.45,8.84,8.84,0,0,0,2.87.55c1.26.06,1.66.07,4.87.07s3.61,0,4.87-.07a8.84,8.84,0,0,0,2.87-.55,6,6,0,0,0,3.45-3.45,8.84,8.84,0,0,0,.55-2.87c.06-1.26.07-1.66.07-4.87s0-3.61-.07-4.87a8.84,8.84,0,0,0-.55-2.87A6,6,0,0,0,19.74.81,8.84,8.84,0,0,0,16.87.26C15.61.2,15.21.19,12,.19Z"/><path d="M12,5.94A6.06,6.06,0,1,0,18.06,12,6.06,6.06,0,0,0,12,5.94Zm0,10A3.94,3.94,0,1,1,15.94,12,3.95,3.95,0,0,1,12,15.94Z"/><circle cx="18.3" cy="5.7" r="1.42"/> </symbol> <!-- Mastodon --> <symbol id="icon-mastodon" viewBox="0 0 16 16"> <title>Mastodon</title> <path d="M11.19 12.195c2.016-.24 3.77-1.475 3.99-2.603.348-1.778.32-4.339.32-4.339 0-3.47-2.286-4.488-2.286-4.488C12.062.238 10.083.017 8.027 0h-.05C5.92.017 3.942.238 2.79.765c0 0-2.285 1.017-2.285 4.488l-.002.662c-.004.64-.007 1.35.011 2.091.083 3.394.626 6.74 3.78 7.57 1.454.383 2.703.463 3.709.408 1.823-.1 2.847-.647 2.847-.647l-.06-1.317s-1.303.41-2.767.36c-1.45-.05-2.98-.156-3.215-1.928a3.614 3.614 0 0 1-.033-.496s1.424.346 3.228.428c1.103.05 2.137-.064 3.188-.189zm1.613-2.47H11.13v-4.08c0-.859-.364-1.295-1.091-1.295-.804 0-1.207.517-1.207 1.541v2.233H7.168V5.89c0-1.024-.403-1.541-1.207-1.541-.727 0-1.091.436-1.091 1.296v4.079H3.197V5.522c0-.859.22-1.541.66-2.046.456-.505 1.052-.764 1.793-.764.856 0 1.504.328 1.933.983L8 4.39l.417-.695c.429-.655 1.077-.983 1.934-.983.74 0 1.336.259 1.791.764.442.505.661 1.187.661 2.046v4.203z"/> </symbol> <!-- Messenger --> <symbol id="icon-messenger" viewBox="0 0 22 22"> <title>Facebook Messenger</title> <path id="Facebook-Messenger" fill="#FFFFFF" fill-rule="nonzero" d="M11,0 C4.92620865,0 0,4.55793451 0,10.1826196 C0,13.3828715 1.59262087,16.2367758 4.08651399,18.1042821 L4.08651399,22 L7.83994911,19.938539 C8.84198473,20.2156171 9.9,20.3652393 11,20.3652393 C17.0737913,20.3652393 22,15.8073048 22,10.1826196 C22,4.55793451 17.0737913,0 11,0 Z M12.1587786,13.6544081 L9.31221374,10.7284635 L3.8346056,13.7292191 L9.84122137,7.42015113 L12.6849873,10.3460957 L18.1625954,7.34534005 L12.1587786,13.6544081 Z"></path> </symbol> <!-- Mobile --> <symbol id="icon-mobile" viewbox="0 0 24 24"> <title>Mobile</title> <path d="M18,0a1.45,1.45,0,0,1,1.06.44A1.45,1.45,0,0,1,19.5,1.5v21A1.5,1.5,0,0,1,18,24H6a1.5,1.5,0,0,1-1.5-1.5V1.5A1.45,1.45,0,0,1,4.94.44,1.44,1.44,0,0,1,6,0ZM17,18V4H7V18Zm-6.06,4.06A1.5,1.5,0,1,0,10.5,21,1.45,1.45,0,0,0,10.94,22.06Z"/> </symbol> <!-- Nav menu button (hamburger) --> <symbol id="icon-nav-menu" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <title>Nav Menu</title> <path d="M24,5.5a.5.5,0,0,1-.5.5H.5A.5.5,0,0,1,0,5.5v-4A.5.5,0,0,1,.5,1h23a.5.5,0,0,1,.5.5Zm0,9a.5.5,0,0,1-.5.5H.5a.5.5,0,0,1-.5-.5v-4A.5.5,0,0,1,.5,10h23a.5.5,0,0,1,.5.5Zm0,9a.5.5,0,0,1-.5.5H.5a.5.5,0,0,1-.5-.5v-4A.5.5,0,0,1,.5,19h23a.5.5,0,0,1,.5.5Z"/> </symbol> <!-- Podcast --> <symbol id="icon-podcast" viewbox="0 0 24 24"> <title>Podcast</title> <path d="M10,22a.48.48,0,0,1-.35-.14L4.29,16.5H.51a.49.49,0,0,1-.36-.15A.49.49,0,0,1,0,16V8a.49.49,0,0,1,.15-.36A.49.49,0,0,1,.51,7.5H4.29L9.65,2.14a.5.5,0,0,1,.86.35v19a.45.45,0,0,1-.3.46A.63.63,0,0,1,10,22Zm5.2-2a.45.45,0,0,1-.35.15A.49.49,0,0,1,14.5,20l-1.42-1.42a.51.51,0,0,1-.14-.36.47.47,0,0,1,.14-.35,8.09,8.09,0,0,0,2.14-3.71,8.18,8.18,0,0,0,0-4.25,8.09,8.09,0,0,0-2.14-3.71.47.47,0,0,1-.14-.35.51.51,0,0,1,.14-.36L14.5,4a.49.49,0,0,1,.36-.15.45.45,0,0,1,.35.15,11,11,0,0,1,2.46,3.72,11.06,11.06,0,0,1,0,8.47A11,11,0,0,1,15.21,20Zm3.19,3.89L17,22.43a.51.51,0,0,1-.14-.36.47.47,0,0,1,.14-.35,13.78,13.78,0,0,0,2.58-3.56,13,13,0,0,0,1.29-4.07,15.09,15.09,0,0,0,0-4.2,13,13,0,0,0-1.29-4.07A13.78,13.78,0,0,0,17,2.27a.47.47,0,0,1-.14-.35A.51.51,0,0,1,17,1.57L18.39.15A.51.51,0,0,1,18.75,0a.47.47,0,0,1,.35.14,17,17,0,0,1,2.72,3.57,16.43,16.43,0,0,1,1.65,4,17.24,17.24,0,0,1,0,8.51,16.43,16.43,0,0,1-1.65,4,17,17,0,0,1-2.72,3.57.47.47,0,0,1-.35.14A.51.51,0,0,1,18.39,23.85Z"/> </symbol> <!-- Print --> <symbol id="icon-print" viewbox="0 0 24 24"> <title>Print</title> <path d="M22.5,0a1.45,1.45,0,0,1,1.06.44A1.45,1.45,0,0,1,24,1.5v12A1.5,1.5,0,0,1,22.5,15H20V10H4v5H1.5a1.45,1.45,0,0,1-1.06-.44A1.45,1.45,0,0,1,0,13.5V1.5A1.45,1.45,0,0,1,.44.44,1.45,1.45,0,0,1,1.5,0ZM6,12V23.5a.5.5,0,0,0,.5.5h11a.5.5,0,0,0,.5-.5V12ZM18.44,5.56A1.5,1.5,0,0,0,21,4.5a1.5,1.5,0,0,0-3,0A1.45,1.45,0,0,0,18.44,5.56Z"/> </symbol> <!-- ProPublica Logo --> <symbol id="propublica-logo" viewBox="0 0 574.24 75"> <title>ProPublica</title> <path class="cls-1" d="M66.4,13.48,66,14.91l6.23,11.45,1.15.47L75,26.29V75H50.95A41.2,41.2,0,0,0,62.13,46.88a40.61,40.61,0,0,0-3.39-16.26,45.17,45.17,0,0,1,7.79-4.95l1.69-.2.14-.41L65,18.83H64.5l-.88,1.29c-2.91,1.9-4.67,2.3-8.54,3.79A41.35,41.35,0,0,0,20.46,5.42,39.87,39.87,0,0,0,0,10.91V0H75V8.81ZM57.32,47A37.54,37.54,0,0,1,44.65,75H0V16A37,37,0,0,1,57.32,47ZM43.7,37.06c0-8.13-6-12-17.75-12H7.18v3.66l4.2.95V62.2l-4.2.95v3.73H27.85V63.14l-7.18-.95V50.14h5.15C37.26,50.14,43.7,45.53,43.7,37.06Zm-9.76.27c0,5.15-2.78,8.33-7.25,8.33h-6V29.47H27C31.37,29.47,33.94,32.32,33.94,37.33Z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M116.53,60.07l9.15,1.08v4.2H99.39v-4.2l5.28-1.36v-44l-5.28-1.36V10.41H123c15.31,0,22.9,5.28,22.9,16.13,0,11.18-8.33,17.41-23.1,17.41h-6.3Zm0-21.14h6.84c6.44,0,10.5-4.61,10.5-12.06,0-7.18-3.73-11.45-10.09-11.45h-7.25Z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M200.74,61.15v4.2H185.9l-16-20.6h-2.51v15l5.28,1.36v4.2H150.27v-4.2l5.28-1.36V23.35l-5-1.36V17.93H175.2c10.5,0,17.55,5.08,17.55,12.67,0,8.4-5.76,12.2-11,13.55l13.48,15.79ZM167.41,39.74h4.47c5.76,0,8.81-3.18,8.81-8.88,0-5.35-2.85-7.93-8.81-7.93h-4.47Z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M199.59,41.64c0-14.77,9.82-24.73,25.68-24.73s25.68,10,25.68,24.73-9.82,24.73-25.68,24.73S199.59,56.48,199.59,41.64Zm38.89,0c0-9.69-3.25-19.17-13.21-19.17S212.05,32,212.05,41.64s3.25,19.17,13.21,19.17S238.48,51.33,238.48,41.64Z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M270.79,60.07l9.15,1.08v4.2H253.31v-4.2l5.62-1.36v-44l-5.62-1.36V10.41h24c15.31,0,22.9,5.28,22.9,16.13,0,11.18-8.33,17.41-23.1,17.41h-6.3Zm0-21.14h6.84c6.44,0,10.5-4.61,10.5-12.06,0-7.18-3.73-11.45-10.1-11.45h-7.25Z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M354.26,22l-4.95,1.36V47c0,12.87-7.79,19.38-20.05,19.38-13.62,0-20.73-7.86-20.73-20v-23L303.58,22V17.93h22V22l-5.08,1.36V47.74c0,7.25,4.34,12.06,11.45,12.06,6.84,0,11.25-4.47,11.25-11.31V23.35L338.14,22V17.93h16.12Z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M403.85,52.21c0,8.88-7.11,13.14-22,13.14H357.58v-4.2l5.56-1.36V23.35L358.26,22V17.93h23.92c12.6,0,19.51,3.79,19.51,11.72,0,6.17-4.06,9.08-10.91,9.89v.27C399.31,40.76,403.85,45.1,403.85,52.21ZM375,38.32h5.76c6.1,0,9-2.78,9-7.79,0-5.22-3.12-7.59-9-7.59H375Zm16.8,13.41c0-5.62-3.79-8.67-11.25-8.67H375V60.34h6.64C388.07,60.34,391.79,57.29,391.79,51.74Z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M451.07,48.62l-4.4,16.73H408v-4.2l5.28-1.36V23.35L407.65,22V17.93h22.76V22l-5.28,1.36v37l14.16-.81L447,47.26Z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M475.4,61.15v4.2H453v-4.2l5.28-1.36V23.35L453,22V17.93H475.4V22l-5.28,1.36V59.8Z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M478,41.78c0-15.85,12.13-24.86,27-24.86a35.6,35.6,0,0,1,18.29,5.15l-2,13.21h-4.2l-1.69-9.08a13.23,13.23,0,0,0-10.09-4.13c-9.15,0-14.7,6.57-14.7,18.22,0,13.21,6.84,19.31,15.24,19.31,6.17,0,10.23-3.39,13.41-9.55l4.27,2c-4.27,10-11.65,14.36-21.07,14.36C488.4,66.37,478,56.48,478,41.78Z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M574.24,61.15v4.2H551.48v-4.2L557,60l-2.85-8.13h-16.6l-3.12,8.2,5.42,1.15-.07,4.2-16.53-.07v-4.2l4.27-1.08,14.9-37.33-4-1.29V17.93h13.69L569.3,60Zm-27.57-31-.47-1.56-.47,1.56-6.23,16.73h12.94Z"/> </symbol> <!-- RSS --> <symbol id="icon-rss" viewbox="0 0 24 24"> <title>RSS</title> <path d="M24,23.5a.5.5,0,0,1-.5.5H20a.5.5,0,0,1-.5-.5,18.88,18.88,0,0,0-.68-5.05,18.84,18.84,0,0,0-1.9-4.55,19.06,19.06,0,0,0-3-3.84,19.06,19.06,0,0,0-3.84-3,18.84,18.84,0,0,0-4.55-1.9A18.88,18.88,0,0,0,.5,4.5a.49.49,0,0,1-.36-.15A.49.49,0,0,1,0,4V.5A.49.49,0,0,1,.15.15.49.49,0,0,1,.5,0,23.23,23.23,0,0,1,6.74.84a23.3,23.3,0,0,1,5.62,2.36,23.69,23.69,0,0,1,4.75,3.69,23.69,23.69,0,0,1,3.69,4.75,23.3,23.3,0,0,1,2.36,5.62A23.23,23.23,0,0,1,24,23.5Zm-7.5,0a.5.5,0,0,1-.5.5H12.5a.5.5,0,0,1-.5-.5A11.27,11.27,0,0,0,11.09,19a11.52,11.52,0,0,0-2.45-3.67A11.52,11.52,0,0,0,5,12.91,11.27,11.27,0,0,0,.5,12a.49.49,0,0,1-.36-.15A.49.49,0,0,1,0,11.5V8a.49.49,0,0,1,.15-.36A.49.49,0,0,1,.5,7.5a15.83,15.83,0,0,1,4.24.57A15.94,15.94,0,0,1,8.58,9.68a16,16,0,0,1,3.23,2.51,16,16,0,0,1,2.51,3.23,15.94,15.94,0,0,1,1.61,3.83A15.83,15.83,0,0,1,16.5,23.5ZM6.41,17.59a3.79,3.79,0,0,1,0,5.32A3.62,3.62,0,0,1,3.75,24a3.62,3.62,0,0,1-2.66-1.09,3.79,3.79,0,0,1,0-5.32A3.62,3.62,0,0,1,3.75,16.5,3.62,3.62,0,0,1,6.41,17.59Z"/> </symbol> <!-- Search --> <symbol id="icon-search" viewbox="0 0 24 24"> <title>Search</title> <path d="M10.48,1.21a9.06,9.06,0,0,1,9,0,9,9,0,0,1,3.28,3.28A8.8,8.8,0,0,1,24,9a8.8,8.8,0,0,1-1.21,4.52,9,9,0,0,1-3.28,3.28A8.8,8.8,0,0,1,15,18a8.7,8.7,0,0,1-4.8-1.39L3.42,23.41A2,2,0,0,1,2,24a1.93,1.93,0,0,1-1.42-.59,2,2,0,0,1,0-2.84L7.39,13.8A8.7,8.7,0,0,1,6,9,8.8,8.8,0,0,1,7.21,4.48,9,9,0,0,1,10.48,1.21Zm2.19,13.32a5.94,5.94,0,0,0,4.65,0,5.94,5.94,0,0,0,3.2-3.2,5.94,5.94,0,0,0,0-4.65,5.94,5.94,0,0,0-3.2-3.2,5.94,5.94,0,0,0-4.65,0,5.94,5.94,0,0,0-3.2,3.2,5.94,5.94,0,0,0,0,4.65,5.94,5.94,0,0,0,3.2,3.2Z"/> </symbol> <!-- Secure --> <symbol id="icon-secure" viewbox="0 0 24 24"> <title>Secure</title> <path d="M19.5,10.5A1.5,1.5,0,0,1,21,12V22.5A1.5,1.5,0,0,1,19.5,24H4.5A1.5,1.5,0,0,1,3,22.5V12a1.5,1.5,0,0,1,1.5-1.5H6V6a5.84,5.84,0,0,1,.47-2.33A5.94,5.94,0,0,1,9.67.47a5.94,5.94,0,0,1,4.65,0,5.94,5.94,0,0,1,3.2,3.2A5.84,5.84,0,0,1,18,6v4.5ZM9,6v4.5h6V6a2.89,2.89,0,0,0-.88-2.12,3,3,0,0,0-4.24,0A2.89,2.89,0,0,0,9,6Z"/> </symbol> <!-- Twitter --> <symbol id="icon-twitter" viewbox="0 0 24 24"> <title>Twitter</title> <path d="M24,4.55A9.88,9.88,0,0,1,21.55,7.1v.64a13.51,13.51,0,0,1-.42,3.3,15.87,15.87,0,0,1-1.2,3.22,13.16,13.16,0,0,1-2,2.92,14.5,14.5,0,0,1-2.73,2.37,12.7,12.7,0,0,1-3.49,1.6,14.57,14.57,0,0,1-4.17.59,13.69,13.69,0,0,1-7.56-2,7.81,7.81,0,0,0,1.17.08,8.52,8.52,0,0,0,3.21-.63,11.36,11.36,0,0,0,2.89-1.7,4.66,4.66,0,0,1-2.85-1A4.79,4.79,0,0,1,2.7,14.07,4.78,4.78,0,0,0,4.92,14,4.8,4.8,0,0,1,2.1,12.3,4.76,4.76,0,0,1,1,9.16V9.11a4.91,4.91,0,0,0,2.23.61A4.94,4.94,0,0,1,1.59,8,4.75,4.75,0,0,1,1,5.64a4.82,4.82,0,0,1,.67-2.39A13.69,13.69,0,0,0,6.14,6.81,14.18,14.18,0,0,0,11.8,8.3a5.16,5.16,0,0,1-.11-1.14,4.73,4.73,0,0,1,1.44-3.47,4.73,4.73,0,0,1,3.47-1.44A4.91,4.91,0,0,1,20.23,3.8a9.79,9.79,0,0,0,3.11-1.2,4.72,4.72,0,0,1-2.17,2.73A9.36,9.36,0,0,0,24,4.55Z"/> </symbol> <!-- WhatsApp --> <symbol id="icon-whatsapp" viewBox="0 0 25 24"> <title>WhatsApp</title> <path d="M20.7589168,3.489665 C18.4736378,1.24305061 15.4401331,0.005702067 12.2036214,0 C5.53339105,0 0.110203805,5.33713471 0.104403605,11.8888097 C0.104403605,13.9871703 0.66122283,16.0285103 1.71685928,17.8360656 L0,24 L6.41502149,22.3464006 C8.18408258,23.2929437 10.1735513,23.7947256 12.1978212,23.7947256 L12.2036214,23.7947256 C12.2036214,23.7947256 12.2036214,23.7947256 12.2036214,23.7947256 C18.8680515,23.7947256 24.2970389,18.4575909 24.3028391,11.9002138 C24.3028391,8.72416251 23.0441957,5.7362794 20.7589168,3.489665 Z M12.2036214,21.787598 C10.3939589,21.787598 8.6248978,21.3086244 7.08204453,20.4076978 L6.71663191,20.1910192 L2.91170053,21.1717748 L3.92673558,17.5224519 L3.68892737,17.1461155 C2.67969252,15.572345 2.1518743,13.7533856 2.1518743,11.8888097 C2.1518743,6.43763364 6.66443011,2.00712758 12.2094216,2.00712758 C14.8949143,2.00712758 17.4180014,3.03920171 19.3204671,4.90377762 C21.2171326,6.7740556 22.2611686,9.25445474 22.2611686,11.8945118 C22.2553684,17.3513899 17.7428126,21.787598 12.2036214,21.787598 Z M17.7196118,14.380613 C17.4180014,14.2323592 15.9331501,13.5138988 15.6547405,13.4112616 C15.3763309,13.3143264 15.1733239,13.2630078 14.9761171,13.5595153 C14.7731101,13.8560228 14.1930901,14.5288667 14.019084,14.722737 C13.845078,14.9223093 13.6652718,14.9451176 13.3636614,14.7968639 C13.062051,14.6486101 12.0876174,14.3349964 10.9333775,13.3200285 C10.0343465,12.5331433 9.43112563,11.5580898 9.25131943,11.2615823 C9.07731342,10.9650748 9.23391882,10.805417 9.38472403,10.6571632 C9.51812864,10.5260157 9.68633445,10.3093371 9.83713965,10.1382751 C9.98794486,9.96721311 10.0401467,9.84176764 10.1387501,9.6421953 C10.2373535,9.44262295 10.1909519,9.27156094 10.1155493,9.1233072 C10.0401467,8.97505346 9.43692583,7.50962224 9.18171702,6.91660727 C8.93810861,6.33499644 8.6887,6.41482537 8.50309359,6.40912331 C8.32908758,6.39771917 8.12608057,6.39771917 7.92307356,6.39771917 C7.72006655,6.39771917 7.39525534,6.47184604 7.11684573,6.76835353 C6.83843611,7.06486101 6.06120928,7.78332145 6.06120928,9.24875267 C6.06120928,10.7141839 7.14584673,12.1225944 7.29665194,12.3221668 C7.44745714,12.5217391 9.42532543,15.5210264 12.4588302,16.8096935 C13.178055,17.1176051 13.7406744,17.3000713 14.1814897,17.4369209 C14.9065147,17.6650036 15.5619373,17.6307912 16.0839553,17.5566643 C16.6639754,17.4711333 17.870417,16.8382038 18.1256258,16.1425517 C18.3750344,15.4468995 18.3750344,14.8538845 18.2996318,14.7284391 C18.2242292,14.6029936 18.0212222,14.5288667 17.7196118,14.380613 Z"></path> </symbol> <!-- YouTube --> <symbol id="icon-youtube" viewbox="0 0 24 24"> <title>YouTube</title> <path d="M24,12c0,8.5,0,8.5-12,8.5S0,20.5,0,12,0,3.5,12,3.5,24,3.5,24,12Zm-7.5,0L9,7.5v9Z"/> </symbol> </svg> <style> .site-header__banner { font-family: Graphik, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.2; position: relative; z-index: 100; } @media screen and (min-width: 40em) { .site-header__banner { font-size: 15px; } } a.site-header__banner-link { align-items: center; background: linear-gradient( to right, #e98406, #cf176d, #2074df ); color: white; display: flex; justify-content: center; overflow: hidden; padding: 0.5em 1em; text-decoration: none; transition: unset; } .site-header__banner-link > * + * { margin-left: 8px; } .site-header__banner-cta { background: #da352b; border-radius: 0.2em; color: white; display: inline; font-size: 0.85em; font-weight: 700; padding: 0.5em 1em; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: center; /* see here for smooth box-shadow calculation: https://shadows.brumm.af */ /* box-shadow: 0 1.3px 1.3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07), 0 4.5px 4.5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.042), 0 20px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.028) ; */ } /* .site-header__banner-copy { display: none; } @media screen and (min-width: 50em) { .site-header__banner-copy { display: block; } } */ /* .site-header__banner-link:focus .site-header__banner-cta, .site-header__banner-link:hover .site-header__banner-cta { background: #9b0000; color: white; } */ .site-header__banner-title { padding-right: 0.25em; } @media screen and (min-width: 60em) { .opener--grid { /* Tweak full height to account for promo bar height */ grid-template-rows: minmax(calc(100vh - 2.25rem), auto) auto auto; } } @media screen and (min-width: 60em) { .opener--grid .opener__art.opener__art--inset, .opener--grid .opener__art.opener__art--inset > img, .opener--grid .opener__art.opener__art--inset > video { /* Tweak full height to account for promo bar height */ max-height: calc( 100vh - 2.25rem - 2 * var(--opener-page-margins)); } } </style> <div class="masthead-wrapper"> <div class="masthead-inner content"> <header role="banner" class="masthead"> <nav class="org-nav" role="navigation" aria-label="Site Navigation"> <ul> <li class="org-nav-item main"><a href="/">ProPublica</a></li> <li class="org-nav-item local-initiatives"><a href="/local-initiatives/">Local Initiatives</a></li> <li class="org-nav-item data-store"><a href="/datastore/">Data Store</a></li> </ul> </nav> <!-- end .org-nav --> <nav class="action-nav" aria-label="Action navigation"> <ul> <li class="action-nav-item donate"> <a href="/donate">Donate</a> </li> <li class="action-nav-item social twitter"> <a href="https://twitter.com/propublica"> <svg class="icon" width="24" height="24"> <use xlink:href="#icon-twitter" /> </svg> <span class="cta">Follow us on Twitter</span> </a> </li> <li class="action-nav-item social facebook"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/propublica"> <svg class="icon" width="24" height="24"> <use xlink:href="#icon-facebook" /> </svg> <span class="cta">Like us on Facebook</span> </a> </li> <li class="action-nav-item tools search"> <a href="/search/" data-collapsible-target="#modal-search"> <svg class="icon" width="24" height="24"> <use xlink:href="#icon-search" /> </svg> <span class="cta">Search</span> </a> </li> <li class="action-nav-item tools newsletters"> <a href="/newsletters/"> <svg class="icon" width="24" height="24"> <use xlink:href="#icon-add-email" /> </svg> <span class="cta">Newsletters</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <!-- end .action-nav --> <div class="masthead-inner-wrapper"> <h1> <a class="logo" href="/" data-title="Topics"> <svg id="propublica-wordmark" data-name="propublica-wordmark" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 574.24 75"><title>ProPublica logo</title><path class="cls-1" d="M66.4,13.48,66,14.91l6.23,11.45,1.15.47L75,26.29V75H50.95A41.2,41.2,0,0,0,62.13,46.88a40.61,40.61,0,0,0-3.39-16.26,45.17,45.17,0,0,1,7.79-4.95l1.69-.2.14-.41L65,18.83H64.5l-.88,1.29c-2.91,1.9-4.67,2.3-8.54,3.79A41.35,41.35,0,0,0,20.46,5.42,39.87,39.87,0,0,0,0,10.91V0H75V8.81ZM57.32,47A37.54,37.54,0,0,1,44.65,75H0V16A37,37,0,0,1,57.32,47ZM43.7,37.06c0-8.13-6-12-17.75-12H7.18v3.66l4.2.95V62.2l-4.2.95v3.73H27.85V63.14l-7.18-.95V50.14h5.15C37.26,50.14,43.7,45.53,43.7,37.06Zm-9.76.27c0,5.15-2.78,8.33-7.25,8.33h-6V29.47H27C31.37,29.47,33.94,32.32,33.94,37.33Z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M116.53,60.07l9.15,1.08v4.2H99.39v-4.2l5.28-1.36v-44l-5.28-1.36V10.41H123c15.31,0,22.9,5.28,22.9,16.13,0,11.18-8.33,17.41-23.1,17.41h-6.3Zm0-21.14h6.84c6.44,0,10.5-4.61,10.5-12.06,0-7.18-3.73-11.45-10.09-11.45h-7.25Z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M200.74,61.15v4.2H185.9l-16-20.6h-2.51v15l5.28,1.36v4.2H150.27v-4.2l5.28-1.36V23.35l-5-1.36V17.93H175.2c10.5,0,17.55,5.08,17.55,12.67,0,8.4-5.76,12.2-11,13.55l13.48,15.79ZM167.41,39.74h4.47c5.76,0,8.81-3.18,8.81-8.88,0-5.35-2.85-7.93-8.81-7.93h-4.47Z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M199.59,41.64c0-14.77,9.82-24.73,25.68-24.73s25.68,10,25.68,24.73-9.82,24.73-25.68,24.73S199.59,56.48,199.59,41.64Zm38.89,0c0-9.69-3.25-19.17-13.21-19.17S212.05,32,212.05,41.64s3.25,19.17,13.21,19.17S238.48,51.33,238.48,41.64Z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M270.79,60.07l9.15,1.08v4.2H253.31v-4.2l5.62-1.36v-44l-5.62-1.36V10.41h24c15.31,0,22.9,5.28,22.9,16.13,0,11.18-8.33,17.41-23.1,17.41h-6.3Zm0-21.14h6.84c6.44,0,10.5-4.61,10.5-12.06,0-7.18-3.73-11.45-10.1-11.45h-7.25Z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M354.26,22l-4.95,1.36V47c0,12.87-7.79,19.38-20.05,19.38-13.62,0-20.73-7.86-20.73-20v-23L303.58,22V17.93h22V22l-5.08,1.36V47.74c0,7.25,4.34,12.06,11.45,12.06,6.84,0,11.25-4.47,11.25-11.31V23.35L338.14,22V17.93h16.12Z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M403.85,52.21c0,8.88-7.11,13.14-22,13.14H357.58v-4.2l5.56-1.36V23.35L358.26,22V17.93h23.92c12.6,0,19.51,3.79,19.51,11.72,0,6.17-4.06,9.08-10.91,9.89v.27C399.31,40.76,403.85,45.1,403.85,52.21ZM375,38.32h5.76c6.1,0,9-2.78,9-7.79,0-5.22-3.12-7.59-9-7.59H375Zm16.8,13.41c0-5.62-3.79-8.67-11.25-8.67H375V60.34h6.64C388.07,60.34,391.79,57.29,391.79,51.74Z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M451.07,48.62l-4.4,16.73H408v-4.2l5.28-1.36V23.35L407.65,22V17.93h22.76V22l-5.28,1.36v37l14.16-.81L447,47.26Z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M475.4,61.15v4.2H453v-4.2l5.28-1.36V23.35L453,22V17.93H475.4V22l-5.28,1.36V59.8Z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M478,41.78c0-15.85,12.13-24.86,27-24.86a35.6,35.6,0,0,1,18.29,5.15l-2,13.21h-4.2l-1.69-9.08a13.23,13.23,0,0,0-10.09-4.13c-9.15,0-14.7,6.57-14.7,18.22,0,13.21,6.84,19.31,15.24,19.31,6.17,0,10.23-3.39,13.41-9.55l4.27,2c-4.27,10-11.65,14.36-21.07,14.36C488.4,66.37,478,56.48,478,41.78Z"/><path class="cls-1" d="M574.24,61.15v4.2H551.48v-4.2L557,60l-2.85-8.13h-16.6l-3.12,8.2,5.42,1.15-.07,4.2-16.53-.07v-4.2l4.27-1.08,14.9-37.33-4-1.29V17.93h13.69L569.3,60Zm-27.57-31-.47-1.56-.47,1.56-6.23,16.73h12.94Z"/></svg> </a> </h1> <!-- end .logo --> <nav class="primary-nav" aria-label="Primary navigation"> <ul> <li class="primary-nav-item news-apps squelch"><a href="/newsapps/">Graphics &amp; Data</a></li> <li class="primary-nav-item newsletters"><a href="/newsletters/">Newsletters</a></li> <li class="primary-nav-item about"><a href="/about/">About</a></li> </ul> </nav> <!-- end .primary-nav --> <div class="email-nav"> <form class="ajax-form" action="https://signup.propublica.org/newsletter/turing" method="post" id="newsletter-header-form"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <label for="pp-email-signup--lead" class="a11y">Email Address</label> <input class="text subscribe-email-text" type="email" placeholder="Get the Big Story" id="pp-email-signup--lead" name="email" onfocus="recaptchaInit()" /> <input id="newsletter-signup-header" class="btn subscribe-email-btn g-recaptcha" type="submit" value="Join" /> <input type="hidden" name="target" value="l/125411/2018-11-01/5vd2wz" /> <input type="hidden" name="stlist" value="The Big Story" /> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://www.propublica.org/" /> <input type="hidden" name="placement" value="main-nav" /> <input type="hidden" name="region" value="national" /> <input type="hidden" name="success_location" value="https://www.propublica.org/forms/thankyou" /> <input type="hidden" name="origin_location" value="https://v3-www.propublica.org/topics/" /> <input type="hidden" name="error_location" value="https://www.propublica.org/forms/error" /> <svg class="icon"> <use xlink:href="#icon-add-email" /> </svg> </div> </form> </div> <!-- end .email-nav --> </div> <!-- end .masthead-inner-wrapper --> <nav class="secondary-nav" aria-label="Topuc navigation"> <ul class="topics-nav"> <li class="topics-nav-item"> <a href="https://www.propublica.org/topics/racial-justice"> <svg class="topic-icon" viewBox="0 0 15 15"><path d="M15,12.23v0L14,4.55l.24.06.11,0a.38.38,0,0,0,.36-.27.38.38,0,0,0-.25-.47c-.19-.06-.39-.1-.59-.15a.38.38,0,0,0-.29-.26.37.37,0,0,0-.28.11c-.6-.15-1.21-.28-1.82-.39V1.29A1.29,1.29,0,0,0,10.17,0,1.32,1.32,0,0,0,9.11.57a1.37,1.37,0,0,0-2,.26A1.3,1.3,0,0,0,6.23.51a1.32,1.32,0,0,0-1.12.66A1.13,1.13,0,0,0,4.46,1,1.19,1.19,0,0,0,3.27,2.14V3.25c-.53.1-1,.21-1.57.34a.37.37,0,0,0-.28-.11.38.38,0,0,0-.29.26c-.19,0-.39.09-.58.15a.38.38,0,0,0-.25.47.38.38,0,0,0,.36.27l.11,0L1,4.55,0,12.21v0A2.67,2.67,0,0,0,2.6,15a2.67,2.67,0,0,0,2.57-2.73h0a.19.19,0,0,0,0-.07.13.13,0,0,0,0-.06h0L2,4.27c.41-.1.82-.18,1.24-.25v.37a4,4,0,0,0-.12,1A3.93,3.93,0,0,0,5.21,8.81v1.77a.38.38,0,1,0,.75,0v-2a.39.39,0,0,0-.21-.34A3.19,3.19,0,0,1,3.9,5.39a1.18,1.18,0,0,0,.56.16,1.2,1.2,0,0,0,.8-.32,1.35,1.35,0,0,0,1,.43,1.29,1.29,0,0,0,1-.44,1.29,1.29,0,0,0,.6.32,3.58,3.58,0,0,0-.89.85.37.37,0,0,0,.3.59.39.39,0,0,0,.31-.15A2.81,2.81,0,0,1,9.76,5.61a.38.38,0,0,0,0-.75H8.14a.59.59,0,0,1-.58-.59v-.5h2.82a.73.73,0,0,1,.75.71v.89A3.19,3.19,0,0,1,9.28,8.24a.39.39,0,0,0-.21.34v2a.38.38,0,1,0,.75,0V8.81a3.93,3.93,0,0,0,2.06-3.44V4.48A1.33,1.33,0,0,0,11.8,4c.4.07.79.15,1.18.24L9.87,12.11h0a.13.13,0,0,0,0,.06.25.25,0,0,0,0,.07h0A2.67,2.67,0,0,0,12.41,15,2.67,2.67,0,0,0,15,12.25ZM1.65,5.35l2.59,6.53H.83Zm1,8.9A1.88,1.88,0,0,1,.81,12.63H4.39A1.88,1.88,0,0,1,2.6,14.25ZM4.9,4.36a.44.44,0,0,1-.44.44A.44.44,0,0,1,4,4.36V2.14a.44.44,0,0,1,.44-.44.44.44,0,0,1,.44.44Zm1.91,0a.58.58,0,1,1-1.16,0V2.14a.7.7,0,0,0,0-.14.4.4,0,0,0,0-.15.58.58,0,1,1,1.16,0Zm.73-2.58a.43.43,0,0,0,0-.11.65.65,0,1,1,1.29,0V3H7.56V1.85S7.54,1.78,7.54,1.74ZM9.6,3V1.63s0,0,0-.06,0,0,0,0V1.29a.57.57,0,0,1,1.14,0V3.07a1.49,1.49,0,0,0-.36,0Zm4.58,8.86H10.77l2.59-6.53Zm-1.77,2.37a1.89,1.89,0,0,1-1.79-1.62H14.2A1.88,1.88,0,0,1,12.41,14.25Z"/></svg> Racial Justice </a> </li> <li class="topics-nav-item"> <a href="https://www.propublica.org/topics/trump-administration"> <svg class="topic-icon" viewBox="0 0 15 15"><path d="M7.81,5.32A12.93,12.93,0,0,1,4.45,4.8h0l-.1,0a2.52,2.52,0,0,1-.45-.13l-.17-.06L3.4,4.43l-.14-.07L3.15,4.3h0l0,0h0A4.66,4.66,0,0,1,1,1.71a.39.39,0,0,1,.12-.4.38.38,0,0,1,.42,0c.46.25,1.82.8,2.57.34C6.49.18,10,.92,11.77,1.91c.74.42,1.12.85,1.12,1.28C12.89,4.66,11.32,5.32,7.81,5.32ZM3.48,3.63l.2.11h0L4,3.86l.15.05.5.15a12.11,12.11,0,0,0,3.2.51c4.32,0,4.33-1,4.33-1.38,0-.06-.19-.36-1-.74C9.7,1.71,6.58,1,4.53,2.25a3,3,0,0,1-2.4.06A3.67,3.67,0,0,0,3.45,3.62h0Z"/><path d="M7.57,14.2a2.08,2.08,0,0,1-1.9-.87L4.09,12.5,4,12.45C2.36,10.93,2.67,8.24,2.68,8.12l.6-3.92a.39.39,0,0,1,.43-.32A.37.37,0,0,1,4,4.31L3.43,8.22s-.27,2.38,1.05,3.64l1.6.84a.38.38,0,0,1,.12.09,1.39,1.39,0,0,0,1.37.66,1.37,1.37,0,0,0,1.35-.64.63.63,0,0,1,.13-.11l1.61-.84c1.32-1.27,1.05-3.62,1.05-3.65l-.57-3.64a.37.37,0,0,1,.31-.42.36.36,0,0,1,.43.31l.57,3.65c0,.13.32,2.81-1.32,4.34l-.08.05-1.58.83A2.09,2.09,0,0,1,7.57,14.2Z"/><path d="M3,10.47c-.64,0-1.13-.66-1.13-1.5L1.76,6.06a.59.59,0,0,1,0-.14l.76-2.14A.38.38,0,0,1,3,3.55.37.37,0,0,1,3.25,4L2.51,6.1,2.6,9c0,.46.23.76.38.76a.38.38,0,0,1,.37.38A.37.37,0,0,1,3,10.47Z"/><path d="M12.16,10.47a.36.36,0,0,1-.37-.37.37.37,0,0,1,.37-.38c.16,0,.38-.29.38-.75l.09-2.87-.74-2a.37.37,0,1,1,.7-.25l.77,2.09a.59.59,0,0,1,0,.14L13.29,9C13.29,9.81,12.79,10.47,12.16,10.47Z"/></svg> Trump Administration </a> </li> <li class="topics-nav-item"> <a href="https://www.propublica.org/topics/criminal-justice"> <svg class="topic-icon" viewBox="0 0 15 15"><path d="M13.48,4h-.11A20.22,20.22,0,0,0,1.76,4a.38.38,0,0,1-.47-.26.37.37,0,0,1,.25-.46,21,21,0,0,1,12.05,0,.37.37,0,0,1-.11.73Z"/><path d="M10.53,15h-6a.38.38,0,1,1,0-.75h6a.38.38,0,0,1,0,.75Z"/><path d="M7.5,15a.37.37,0,0,1-.37-.38V.42A.37.37,0,0,1,7.5,0a.38.38,0,0,1,.38.38V14.6A.38.38,0,0,1,7.5,15Z"/><path d="M5.39,9.89H.46a.37.37,0,0,1-.31-.16.36.36,0,0,1,0-.35L2.57,3.16a.38.38,0,0,1,.35-.24h0a.38.38,0,0,1,.35.23L5.74,9.38a.36.36,0,0,1,0,.35A.37.37,0,0,1,5.39,9.89ZM1,9.14H4.84L2.92,4.31Z"/><path d="M14.6,9.89H9.67a.37.37,0,0,1-.31-.16.36.36,0,0,1,0-.35l2.46-6.22a.38.38,0,0,1,.35-.24h0a.37.37,0,0,1,.35.23L15,9.38a.36.36,0,0,1,0,.35A.37.37,0,0,1,14.6,9.89Zm-4.38-.75h3.83L12.13,4.31Z"/><path d="M2.92,11.75A3,3,0,0,1,.1,9.62a.36.36,0,0,1,.06-.33.38.38,0,0,1,.3-.15H5.39a.38.38,0,0,1,.3.15.39.39,0,0,1,.06.33A3,3,0,0,1,2.92,11.75ZM1,9.89A2.21,2.21,0,0,0,2.92,11,2.22,2.22,0,0,0,4.83,9.89Z"/><path d="M12.13,11.75A3,3,0,0,1,9.3,9.62a.39.39,0,0,1,.06-.33.38.38,0,0,1,.3-.15h4.93a.38.38,0,0,1,.3.15.36.36,0,0,1,.06.33A3,3,0,0,1,12.13,11.75ZM10.22,9.89a2.19,2.19,0,0,0,3.81,0Z"/></svg> Criminal Justice </a> </li> <li class="topics-nav-item"> <a href="https://www.propublica.org/topics/politics"> <svg class="topic-icon" viewBox="0 0 15 15"><path d="M12.54,14.89h-10a.38.38,0,0,1-.38-.37V11a.38.38,0,0,1,.38-.38h10a.38.38,0,0,1,.38.38v3.55A.38.38,0,0,1,12.54,14.89Zm-9.66-.75h9.29v-2.8H2.88Z"/><path d="M14.52,14.89H.53a.38.38,0,0,1,0-.75h14a.38.38,0,0,1,0,.75Z"/><path d="M11.71,11.35H3.34A.37.37,0,0,1,3,11V8.7a.38.38,0,0,1,.37-.38h8.37a.37.37,0,0,1,.37.38V11A.36.36,0,0,1,11.71,11.35Zm-8-.75h7.61V9.07H3.72Z"/><path d="M8.36,5.11A.38.38,0,0,1,8,4.73V3.42H7.07V4.73a.38.38,0,1,1-.75,0V3a.37.37,0,0,1,.37-.37H8.36A.37.37,0,0,1,8.73,3V4.73A.38.38,0,0,1,8.36,5.11Z"/><path d="M3.84,13.79a.38.38,0,0,1-.38-.37V12.25a.38.38,0,0,1,.75,0v1.17A.38.38,0,0,1,3.84,13.79Z"/><path d="M5.31,13.79a.38.38,0,0,1-.37-.37V12.25a.38.38,0,0,1,.75,0v1.17A.38.38,0,0,1,5.31,13.79Z"/><path d="M6.79,13.79a.37.37,0,0,1-.37-.37V12.25a.36.36,0,0,1,.37-.37.37.37,0,0,1,.38.37v1.17A.38.38,0,0,1,6.79,13.79Z"/><path d="M8.27,13.79a.38.38,0,0,1-.38-.37V12.25a.37.37,0,0,1,.38-.37.36.36,0,0,1,.37.37v1.17A.37.37,0,0,1,8.27,13.79Z"/><path d="M9.75,13.79a.38.38,0,0,1-.38-.37V12.25a.38.38,0,0,1,.75,0v1.17A.38.38,0,0,1,9.75,13.79Z"/><path d="M11.22,13.79a.38.38,0,0,1-.37-.37V12.25a.38.38,0,0,1,.75,0v1.17A.38.38,0,0,1,11.22,13.79Z"/><path d="M7.53,3.42A.37.37,0,0,1,7.16,3V.48A.37.37,0,0,1,7.53.11a.38.38,0,0,1,.38.37V3A.38.38,0,0,1,7.53,3.42Z"/><path d="M11.72,9.06a.38.38,0,0,1-.38-.37A3.74,3.74,0,0,0,7.53,5,3.74,3.74,0,0,0,3.72,8.69a.38.38,0,0,1-.75,0A4.49,4.49,0,0,1,7.53,4.28a4.49,4.49,0,0,1,4.56,4.41A.37.37,0,0,1,11.72,9.06Z"/></svg> Politics </a> </li> <li class="topics-nav-item more"><a href="/topics/">More…</a></li> </ul> <!-- end .topics-nav --> <ul class="extras-nav"> <li class="extras-nav-item series"><a href="/series/">Series</a></li> <li class="extras-nav-item video"><a href="/video/">Video</a></li> <li class="extras-nav-item impact"><a href="/impact/">Impact</a></li> <li class="extras-nav-item search"> <a href="/search" data-collapsible-target="#modal-search"> <svg class="icon" width="24" height="24"> <use xlink:href="#icon-search" /> </svg> <span class="cta">Search</span> </a> </li> <li nav class="extras-nav-item more"> <a href="#footer-links" data-collapsible-target="#nav-menu"> <span class="cta">More</span> <svg class="icon" width="24" height="24"> <use xlink:href="#icon-nav-menu" /> </svg> </a> </li> </ul> <!-- end .extras-nav --> </nav> <!-- end .secondary-nav --> </header> <!-- end .masthead --> </div> </div> <!-- end .masthead-wrap --> <main role="main" class="content" id="main" tabindex="-1"> <div id="content-top"></div> <!-- Topic page header --> <header class="article-header"> <h2 class="hed">Topics</h2> </header> <div id="level1"> <div class="features"> <h2 class="subhead">Featured</h2> <div class="story-entry f1"> <div class="description"> <h2 class="hed"><a href="https://www.propublica.org/topics/racial-justice">Racial Justice</a></h2> <p class="dek">Examining Race and Racism in America</p> </div> <ul class="recent"> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/native-american-remains-returned-repatriation-nagpra">ProPublica Updates Its Database of Museums’ and Universities’ Compliance With Federal Repatriation Law</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/segregation-academies-public-schools-amite-county-mississippi">The Story of One Mississippi County Shows How Private Schools Are Exacerbating Segregation</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/charleston-slave-auction-historical-marker">Charleston Unveils Historical Marker at the Site of Firm That Held the Largest Known U.S. Slave Trade</a></li> </ul> <!-- end .recent --> </div> <!-- end .story-entry.f1 --> </div><!-- end .features --> <div class="river"> <div class="stories"> <h2 class="subhead">All Topics</h2> <div class="story-entry"> <div class="description"> <h2 class="hed"><a href="/topics/abortion">Abortion</a></h2> </div> <ul class="recent"> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/texas-gop-lawmakers-propose-amending-abortion-ban">Texas GOP Lawmakers Propose Amending Abortion Ban Linked to Deaths and a Rise in Sepsis Cases</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/st-lukes-hospital-idaho-abortion-ban">This Hospital System Fought COVID, Then a Far-Right Leader. Now It’s Taking on Idaho’s Abortion Ban.</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/missouri-pregnancy-resource-centers-anti-abortion-tax-credit-bill">A New Missouri Bill Would Let Residents Donate to Anti-Abortion Centers Instead of Paying Any Taxes</a></li> </ul><!-- end .recent --> </div><!-- end .story-entry --> <div class="story-entry"> <div class="description"> <h2 class="hed"><a href="/topics/biden-administration">Biden Administration</a></h2> <p class="dek">The 46th President and His Administration</p> </div> <ul class="recent"> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/biden-blinken-state-department-israel-gaza-human-rights-horrors">A Year of Empty Threats and a “Smokescreen” Policy: How the State Department Let Israel Get Away With Horrors in Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/family-separations-biden-russian-immigrants">The Biden Administration Is Separating Families at the Border. It Doesn’t Always Say Why.</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/microsoft-white-house-offer-cybersecurity-biden-nadella">Microsoft’s “Free” Plan to Upgrade Government Cybersecurity Was Designed to Box Out Competitors and Drive Profits, Insiders Say</a></li> </ul><!-- end .recent --> </div><!-- end .story-entry --> <div class="story-entry"> <div class="description"> <h2 class="hed"><a href="/topics/civil-rights">Civil Rights</a></h2> </div> <ul class="recent"> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/gallup-mckinley-school-investigation-native-student-discipline">New Mexico AG to Investigate Gallup-McKinley School District for Harsh Discipline of Native American Students</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/judy-eledge-alaska-libraries-recordings-dunleavy">In Secret Recording, a Top City Library Official Calls Alaska Natives “Woke” and “Racists”</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/eugene-clemons-death-penalty">Eugene Clemons May Be Ineligible for the Death Penalty. A Rigid Clinton-Era Law Could Force Him to Be Executed Anyway.</a></li> </ul><!-- end .recent --> </div><!-- end .story-entry --> <div class="story-entry"> <div class="description"> <h2 class="hed"><a href="/topics/courts">Courts</a></h2> <p class="dek">An Eye on the American Judicial System</p> </div> <ul class="recent"> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/alaska-supreme-court-limits-pretrial-delays">Alaska Supreme Court Places New Limits on Pretrial Delays</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/alaska-judge-vows-to-curb-pretrial-delays">Alaska Judge Vows to Reduce Trial Delays: “We Must, and We Will, Improve”</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/propublica-supreme-connections-database-new-filings">ProPublica Updates Supreme Connections Database With Previously Missing Disclosures</a></li> </ul><!-- end .recent --> </div><!-- end .story-entry --> <div class="story-entry"> <div class="description"> <h2 class="hed"><a href="/topics/criminal-justice">Criminal Justice</a></h2> <p class="dek">Accountability in Crime and Law</p> </div> <ul class="recent"> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/nyc-nypd-community-response-team-eric-adams-police-abuse">We Detailed Mayor Adams’ Embrace of an Abuse-Ridden NYPD Unit. Now Lawmakers and Advocates Demand Change.</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/first-48-reality-tv-police-minneapolis-wrongful-conviction-barrientos-quintana">“A Wholly Inaccurate Picture”: Reality Cop Show “The First 48” and the Wrongly Convicted Man</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/first-48-reality-tv-police-dallas-memphis-mobile">Police Across the U.S. Welcomed Cop Show “The First 48.” Then Relationships Soured.</a></li> </ul><!-- end .recent --> </div><!-- end .story-entry --> <div class="story-entry"> <div class="description"> <h2 class="hed"><a href="/topics/debt">Debt</a></h2> <p class="dek">What Americans Owe and Why</p> </div> <ul class="recent"> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/connecticut-dmv-employee-sells-towed-cars">How a Connecticut DMV Employee Made Thousands by Selling Towed Cars</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/states-tribal-lenders-high-interest-rates">Tribal Lenders Say They Can Charge Over 600% Interest. These States Stopped Them.</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/connecticut-dmv-towing-public-records">How Many Cars Have Connecticut Towing Companies Sold? The DMV Can’t Tell Us.</a></li> </ul><!-- end .recent --> </div><!-- end .story-entry --> <div class="story-entry"> <div class="description"> <h2 class="hed"><a href="/topics/democracy">Democracy</a></h2> <p class="dek">Inside Voting in America</p> </div> <ul class="recent"> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/north-carolina-voters-jefferson-griffin-supreme-court-challenge">They Followed North Carolina Election Rules When They Cast Their Ballots. Now Their Votes Could Be Tossed Anyway.</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/jefferson-griffin-military-absentee-votes-north-carolina-supreme-court">North Carolina Supreme Court Candidate Wants Military Absentee Votes Tossed. Years Earlier, That’s How He Voted.</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/north-carolina-supreme-court-election-certification-blocked">North Carolina Supreme Court Blocked Certification of a Justice’s Win. Activists Fear It’s “Dangerous for Democracy.”</a></li> </ul><!-- end .recent --> </div><!-- end .story-entry --> <div class="story-entry"> <div class="description"> <h2 class="hed"><a href="/topics/department-of-governmental-efficiency">DOGE</a></h2> <p class="dek">How Elon Musk and His Associates Are Remaking the Federal Bureaucracy</p> </div> <ul class="recent"> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/doge-government-waste-fraud-approach">How Investigative Journalists Actually Find Fraud, Waste and Abuse</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/getinvolved/national-institutes-health-nih-canceled-grants-research">Did You Work on a Terminated NIH Grant? ProPublica Wants to Hear From You.</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-cfpb-investigation-capital-one-rocket-meta-carvana-greenlight">Fend for Yourself: Under Trump, Consumer Protection Bureau’s Probes of Big Tech and Finance Firms Freeze Up</a></li> </ul><!-- end .recent --> </div><!-- end .story-entry --> <div class="story-entry"> <div class="description"> <h2 class="hed"><a href="/topics/education">Education</a></h2> <p class="dek">Inside Our Schools</p> </div> <ul class="recent"> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/regional-public-universities-trump-funding-dei">A University, a Rural Town and Their Fight to Survive Trump’s War on Higher Education</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/texas-school-boards-richardson-keller-at-large-voting">How Texas Conservatives Use At-Large School Board Elections to Influence What Students Learn</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/department-of-education-civil-rights-lawsuit-trump-parents">Parents Sue Trump Administration for Allegedly Sabotaging Education Department’s Civil Rights Division</a></li> </ul><!-- end .recent --> </div><!-- end .story-entry --> <div class="story-entry"> <div class="description"> <h2 class="hed"><a href="/topics/environment">Environment</a></h2> <p class="dek">The Tension Between Humans and Nature</p> </div> <ul class="recent"> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/tce-ban-cancer-parkinsons-trump-republicans">TCE Is Linked to Heart Defects in Babies, Cancer and Parkinson’s. Republicans in Congress Want to Reverse a Ban on It.</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/nih-funding-climate-change-public-health">NIH Ends Future Funding to Study the Health Effects of Climate Change</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/energy-secretary-chris-wright-climate-change-double-speak-oil-gas-trump">The Doublespeak of Energy Secretary Chris Wright</a></li> </ul><!-- end .recent --> </div><!-- end .story-entry --> <div class="story-entry"> <div class="description"> <h2 class="hed"><a href="/topics/health-care">Health Care</a></h2> <p class="dek">Pulling Back the Curtain on the Health Industry and Regulation</p> </div> <ul class="recent"> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/measles-vaccine-rfk-cdc-report">The CDC Buried a Measles Forecast That Stressed the Need for Vaccinations</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/getinvolved/national-institutes-health-nih-canceled-grants-research">Did You Work on a Terminated NIH Grant? ProPublica Wants to Hear From You.</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/utah-life-coaches-mental-health-therapy-law">New Utah Law Seeks to Crack Down on Life Coaches Offering Therapy Without a License</a></li> </ul><!-- end .recent --> </div><!-- end .story-entry --> <div class="story-entry"> <div class="description"> <h2 class="hed"><a href="/topics/health-insurance">Health Insurance</a></h2> </div> <ul class="recent"> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/georgia-medicaid-work-requirement-pathways-to-coverage-hurdles">Georgia Touts Its Medicaid Experiment as a Success. The Numbers Tell a Different Story.</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/department-labor-investigation-health-insurance-doctors-healthcare">Insurers Failed to Comply With Mental Health Coverage Law, Department of Labor Report Finds</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/mental-health-insurance-denials-patient-progress">Her Mental Health Treatment Was Helping. That’s Why Insurance Cut Off Her Coverage.</a></li> </ul><!-- end .recent --> </div><!-- end .story-entry --> <div class="story-entry"> <div class="description"> <h2 class="hed"><a href="/topics/immigration">Immigration</a></h2> <p class="dek">How Policy Impacts Migrants</p> </div> <ul class="recent"> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-deportaciones-panama-asilo-ayuda-grupos">La presión de Trump sobre países y organizaciones internacionales debilita las protecciones para solicitantes de asilo</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/geo-group-ice-detainees-wage">An ICE Contractor Is Worth Billions. It’s Still Fighting to Pay Detainees as Little as $1 a Day to Work.</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/more-americans-will-be-caught-up-trump-immigration-raids">Some Americans Have Already Been Caught in Trump’s Immigration Dragnet. More Will Be.</a></li> </ul><!-- end .recent --> </div><!-- end .story-entry --> <div class="story-entry"> <div class="description"> <h2 class="hed"><a href="/topics/labor">Labor</a></h2> <p class="dek">What Work Is Like in the U.S.</p> </div> <ul class="recent"> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/epa-scientists-faced-retaliation-after-finding-harm-from-chemicals">EPA Scientists Said They Were Pressured to Downplay Harms From Chemicals. A Watchdog Found They Were Retaliated Against.</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/nike-shareholders-annual-meeting-climate-worker-protections">Nike Shareholders Want to Force Actions on Environmental and Worker Protections. They Face Long Odds.</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/oklahoma-illegal-marijuana-farm-workers-inside-story-china-immigrants">Escaping Oklahoma: A Worker’s Story From Inside an Illegal Marijuana Operation</a></li> </ul><!-- end .recent --> </div><!-- end .story-entry --> <div class="story-entry"> <div class="description"> <h2 class="hed"><a href="/topics/mental-health">Mental Health</a></h2> </div> <ul class="recent"> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/utah-life-coaches-mental-health-therapy-law">New Utah Law Seeks to Crack Down on Life Coaches Offering Therapy Without a License</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/illinois-disabilities-doj-investigation-choate-abuse">We Found Widespread Abuse of Disabled Patients at an Illinois Facility. The DOJ Is Investigating.</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/arizona-sober-homes-deaths-medicaid-fraud">Dozens of People Died in Arizona Sober Living Homes as State Officials Fumbled Medicaid Fraud Response</a></li> </ul><!-- end .recent --> </div><!-- end .story-entry --> <div class="story-entry"> <div class="description"> <h2 class="hed"><a href="/topics/military">Military</a></h2> <p class="dek">Accountability for the Armed Forces</p> </div> <ul class="recent"> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/military-courts-access-navy-propublica-lawsuit">A Defense Department Directive to Expand Access to Military Courts Falls Short of Federal Law’s Requirements</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/aiviq-icebreaker-military-coast-guard">This Icebreaker Has Design Problems and a History of Failure. It’s America’s Latest Military Vessel.</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/blinken-israel-military-aid-human-rights-violations-leahy-law">Blinken Says Israeli Units Accused of Serious Violations Have Done Enough to Avoid Sanctions. Experts and Insiders Disagree.</a></li> </ul><!-- end .recent --> </div><!-- end .story-entry --> <div class="story-entry"> <div class="description"> <h2 class="hed"><a href="/topics/police">Police</a></h2> </div> <ul class="recent"> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/nyc-nypd-community-response-team-eric-adams-police-abuse">We Detailed Mayor Adams’ Embrace of an Abuse-Ridden NYPD Unit. Now Lawmakers and Advocates Demand Change.</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/first-48-reality-tv-police-minneapolis-wrongful-conviction-barrientos-quintana">“A Wholly Inaccurate Picture”: Reality Cop Show “The First 48” and the Wrongly Convicted Man</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/first-48-reality-tv-police-dallas-memphis-mobile">Police Across the U.S. Welcomed Cop Show “The First 48.” Then Relationships Soured.</a></li> </ul><!-- end .recent --> </div><!-- end .story-entry --> <div class="story-entry"> <div class="description"> <h2 class="hed"><a href="/topics/politics">Politics</a></h2> <p class="dek">Holding Political Actors Accountable</p> </div> <ul class="recent"> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/wisconsin-supreme-court-race-most-expensive-us-history-elon-musk">How Elon Musk, George Soros and Other Billionaires Are Shaping the Most Expensive Court Race in U.S. History</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/north-carolina-legislature-power-grab-sexual-abuse-survivors">A Political Power Grab Redirected Funds for North Carolina’s Sexual Abuse Survivors. Women in Crisis Paid the Price.</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/texas-school-boards-richardson-keller-at-large-voting">How Texas Conservatives Use At-Large School Board Elections to Influence What Students Learn</a></li> </ul><!-- end .recent --> </div><!-- end .story-entry --> <div class="story-entry"> <div class="description"> <h2 class="hed"><a href="/topics/pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></h2> </div> <ul class="recent"> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/before-a-breath-stillbirth-documentary">Thousands of Families Experience Stillbirth. Three Moms Tell Their Stories in a New Documentary.</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/missouri-pregnancy-resource-centers-anti-abortion-tax-credit-bill">A New Missouri Bill Would Let Residents Donate to Anti-Abortion Centers Instead of Paying Any Taxes</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/georgia-maternal-mortality-committee-members-names-not-released">Georgia Won’t Say Who’s Now Serving on Its Maternal Mortality Committee After Dismissing All Members Last Year</a></li> </ul><!-- end .recent --> </div><!-- end .story-entry --> <div class="story-entry"> <div class="description"> <h2 class="hed"><a href="/topics/prison">Prison</a></h2> </div> <ul class="recent"> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/mississippi-law-mental-health-jailings-data">Is a New Mississippi Law Decreasing Jailings of People Awaiting Mental Health Treatment? The State Doesn’t Know.</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/louisiana-plan-to-imprison-people-longer-imperils-sickest-inmates">“Everyone Will Die in Prison”: How Louisiana’s Plan to Lock People Up Longer Imperils Its Sickest Inmates</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/michigan-lawmakers-attempt-fix-wrongful-imprisonment-compensation">Michigan Lawmakers Working to Fix a Program That Failed to Compensate the Wrongfully Convicted</a></li> </ul><!-- end .recent --> </div><!-- end .story-entry --> <div class="story-entry"> <div class="description"> <h2 class="hed"><a href="/topics/regulation">Regulation</a></h2> <p class="dek">The Efforts to Keep Industry in Check</p> </div> <ul class="recent"> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/getinvolved/cfpb-closure-trump-mortgage-debts-banks-credit-consumer-financial-protection">Have You Recently Sought Help From the CFPB? ProPublica Wants to Hear From You.</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-cfpb-investigation-capital-one-rocket-meta-carvana-greenlight">Fend for Yourself: Under Trump, Consumer Protection Bureau’s Probes of Big Tech and Finance Firms Freeze Up</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/illinois-disabilities-doj-investigation-choate-abuse">We Found Widespread Abuse of Disabled Patients at an Illinois Facility. The DOJ Is Investigating.</a></li> </ul><!-- end .recent --> </div><!-- end .story-entry --> <div class="story-entry"> <div class="description"> <h2 class="hed"><a href="/topics/sex-and-gender">Sex and Gender</a></h2> </div> <ul class="recent"> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/north-carolina-legislature-power-grab-sexual-abuse-survivors">A Political Power Grab Redirected Funds for North Carolina’s Sexual Abuse Survivors. Women in Crisis Paid the Price.</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/maine-trump-janet-mills-transgender-girls-sports-education-social-security">Two Transgender Girls, Six Federal Agencies. How Trump Is Trying to Pressure Maine Into Obedience.</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/republican-women-state-legislature-election-losses-south-carolina">Women Made Electoral Gains in Statehouses Across the Country in 2024. The Southeast Is a Different Story.</a></li> </ul><!-- end .recent --> </div><!-- end .story-entry --> <div class="story-entry"> <div class="description"> <h2 class="hed"><a href="/topics/technology">Technology</a></h2> <p class="dek">How Big Tech Impacts Our Lives</p> </div> <ul class="recent"> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/matthew-allison-dj-terrogram-collective-boise-dallas-humber">A “Goofy” DJ’s Secret Life at the Center of an Online Terrorism Network</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/rise-fall-terrorgram-frontline-propublica-telegram-online-white-nationalists">“The Rise and Fall of Terrorgram,” a Documentary from ProPublica and FRONTLINE, Investigates a Global Online Terror Network</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/rise-and-fall-terrorgram-inside-global-online-hate-network-frontline-telegram">The Rise and Fall of Terrorgram: Inside a Global Online Hate Network</a></li> </ul><!-- end .recent --> </div><!-- end .story-entry --> <div class="story-entry"> <div class="description"> <h2 class="hed"><a href="/topics/trump-administration">Trump Administration</a></h2> <p class="dek">The 45th and 47th President and His Administration</p> </div> <ul class="recent"> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/doge-government-waste-fraud-approach">How Investigative Journalists Actually Find Fraud, Waste and Abuse</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/measles-vaccine-rfk-cdc-report">The CDC Buried a Measles Forecast That Stressed the Need for Vaccinations</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/getinvolved/national-institutes-health-nih-canceled-grants-research">Did You Work on a Terminated NIH Grant? ProPublica Wants to Hear From You.</a></li> </ul><!-- end .recent --> </div><!-- end .story-entry --> <div class="story-entry"> <div class="description"> <h2 class="hed"><a href="/topics/usaid">USAID</a></h2> <p class="dek">Inside the Destruction of the Aid Agency</p> </div> <ul class="recent"> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-halted-agent-orange-cleanup-dioxin-poison-risk-vietnamese">Tổng thống Trump đã dừng hoạt động xử lý chất độc da cam. Việc làm này khiến cho hàng trăm nghìn người gặp nguy cơ bị nhiễm độc.</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-halted-agent-orange-cleanup-dioxin-vietnam-poison-risk">Trump Halted an Agent Orange Cleanup. That Puts Hundreds of Thousands at Risk for Poisoning.</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-doge-rubio-usaid-musk-death-toll-malaria-polio-tuberculosis">Internal Memos: Senior USAID Leaders Warned Trump Appointees of Hundreds of Thousands of Deaths From Closing Agency</a></li> </ul><!-- end .recent --> </div><!-- end .story-entry --> </div><!-- end .stories --> </div> <!-- end .river --> <div id="content-bottom"></div> </div><!-- end #level1 --> <div id="level2" class="global-promos"> <!-- /2219821/Desktop_MedRec_1 --> <div class="ad ad-article ad-300x250"> <div class="inner htl-ad" data-unit="Desktop_Medrec_1" data-eager data-sizes="0x0:|960x0:1x1,300x250,300x600" data-prebid="0x0:|960x0:Desktop_Medrec_1" data-refresh="viewable" data-refresh-secs="60"></div> </div><!-- end .ad --> <div class="pp-module module-follow" id="l1"> <h2 class="pp-module-title">Follow ProPublica</h2> <ul class="list-plain links-social"> <li> <a class="btn btn-social social-main social-link-twitter" href="https://twitter.com/propublica" id="twitter-follow-pp-module"> <svg class="icon" width="24" height="24"><use xlink:href="#icon-twitter" /></svg> <span>Twitter</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="btn btn-social social-main social-link-fb" href="https://www.facebook.com/propublica/" id="facebook-follow-pp-module"> <svg class="icon" width="24" height="24"><use xlink:href="#icon-facebook" /></svg> <span>Facebook</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="btn btn-social social-main social-link-youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/propublica" id="youtube-follow-pp-module"> <svg class="icon" width="24" height="24"><use xlink:href="#icon-youtube" /></svg> <span>YouTube</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="btn btn-social social-main social-link-rss" href="https://www.propublica.org/feeds/propublica/main" id="rss-follow-pp-module"> <svg class="icon" width="24" height="24"><use xlink:href="#icon-rss" /></svg> <span><abbr title="Rich Site Summary">RSS</abbr></span> </a> </li> </ul> <form class="ajax-form form-subscribe" method="post" action="https://signup.propublica.org/newsletter/turing" id="sidebar-email-subscribe-module"> <h2 class="pp-module-title">Stay Informed</h2> <p class="pp-module-description">Get our investigations delivered to your inbox with the Big Story newsletter.</p> <div class="form-label-set"> <input placeholder="Enter your email" class="input-text" name="email" id="sidebar-email-subscribe-input" type="email" required onfocus="recaptchaInit()" /> <label for="sidebar-email-subscribe-input"> <span class="a11y">Email address</span> <svg class="icon" aria-hidden="true"><use xlink:href="#icon-email"></use></svg> </label> </div> <input id="newsletter-signup-follow-main" class="g-recaptcha" value="Sign Up" type="submit" /> <input type="hidden" name="success_location" value="https://www.propublica.org/forms/thankyou" /> <input type="hidden" name="error_location" value="https://www.propublica.org/forms/error" /> <input type="hidden" name="target" value="l/125411/2018-11-01/5vd2q2" /> <input type="hidden" name="origin_location" value="https://v3-www.propublica.org/topics/" /> <small class="legal">This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google <a href="https://policies.google.com/privacy">Privacy Policy</a> and <a href="https://policies.google.com/terms">Terms of Service</a> apply.</small> </form> </div><!-- end .pp-module.module-follow --> <div class="pp-module module-popular" id="r7"> <h2 class="pp-module-title">Most Read</h2> <div class="module-content" id="hottest-stories-module"> <div class="tabs"> <div class="pane-stories collapsible" data-collapsible-set="pp-stories-hottest"> <ol class="list-plain list-stories"> <li><h3><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/measles-vaccine-rfk-cdc-report" title="View this">The CDC Buried a Measles Forecast That Stressed the Need for Vaccinations</a></h3></li> <li><h3><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/wisconsin-supreme-court-race-most-expensive-us-history-elon-musk" title="View this">How Elon Musk, George Soros and Other Billionaires Are Shaping the Most Expensive Court Race in U.S. History</a></h3></li> <li><h3><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/regional-public-universities-trump-funding-dei" title="View this">A University, a Rural Town and Their Fight to Survive Trump’s War on Higher Education</a></h3></li> <li><h3><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/ice-warrantless-arrests-chicago-law" title="View this">Under Pressure From Trump, ICE Is Pushing Legal Boundaries</a></h3></li> <li><h3><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/elon-musk-spacex-allows-china-investment-cayman-islands-secrecy" title="View this">How Elon Musk’s SpaceX Secretly Allows Investment From China</a></h3></li> </ol> </div><!-- /end .pane-stories --> </div><!-- /end .tabs --> </div><!-- /end .module-content --> </div><!-- /end .pp-module.module-popular --> </div><!-- end .level2 --> <div class="latest-stories"> <h2 class="title">Latest Stories from ProPublica</h2> <div class="story-entry region-national section-articles"> <div class="lead-art"> <a class="aspect-3-2" href="https://www.propublica.org/article/doge-government-waste-fraud-approach"> <img alt="" src="data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%273%27%20height%3D%272%27%20style%3D%27background%3Atransparent%27%2F%3E" srcset="https://img.assets-d.propublica.org/v5/images/A-Closer-Look-WFA.jpg?crop=focalpoint&amp;fit=crop&amp;fm=webp&amp;fp-x=0.5&amp;fp-y=0.5&amp;h=267&amp;q=75&amp;w=400&amp;s=33d962fc6bfd23d01b3023b30c3b3159 400w, https://img.assets-d.propublica.org/v5/images/A-Closer-Look-WFA.jpg?crop=focalpoint&amp;fit=crop&amp;fm=webp&amp;fp-x=0.5&amp;fp-y=0.5&amp;h=533&amp;q=75&amp;w=800&amp;s=78c3a31c60747adb078a3736bf9780d2 800w, https://img.assets-d.propublica.org/v5/images/A-Closer-Look-WFA.jpg?crop=focalpoint&amp;fit=crop&amp;fm=webp&amp;fp-x=0.5&amp;fp-y=0.5&amp;h=800&amp;q=75&amp;w=1200&amp;s=98934eea45c01a54cda1614977127a0c 1200w, https://img.assets-d.propublica.org/v5/images/A-Closer-Look-WFA.jpg?crop=focalpoint&amp;fit=crop&amp;fm=webp&amp;fp-x=0.5&amp;fp-y=0.5&amp;h=1067&amp;q=75&amp;w=1600&amp;s=9f981a42b6fff91ea1bad0bf0e32f864 1600w" width="400" height="267" loading="lazy" js-autosizes /> </a> </div> <div class="description"> <h3 class="hed" ><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/doge-government-waste-fraud-approach">How Investigative Journalists Actually Find Fraud, Waste and Abuse</a></h3> </div> </div><!-- end .story-entry --> <div class="story-entry region-national section-articles"> <div class="lead-art"> <a class="aspect-3-2" href="https://www.propublica.org/article/nyc-nypd-community-response-team-eric-adams-police-abuse"> <img alt="" src="data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%273%27%20height%3D%272%27%20style%3D%27background%3Atransparent%27%2F%3E" srcset="https://img.assets-d.propublica.org/v5/images/GettyImages-2200890396_maxWidth_3000_maxHeight_3000_ppi_72_quality_95_embedColorProfile_true.jpg?crop=focalpoint&amp;fit=crop&amp;fm=webp&amp;fp-x=0.354&amp;fp-y=0.3384&amp;h=267&amp;q=75&amp;w=400&amp;s=f10deaf7ef9c3f2ede57c86bef918fc7 400w, https://img.assets-d.propublica.org/v5/images/GettyImages-2200890396_maxWidth_3000_maxHeight_3000_ppi_72_quality_95_embedColorProfile_true.jpg?crop=focalpoint&amp;fit=crop&amp;fm=webp&amp;fp-x=0.354&amp;fp-y=0.3384&amp;h=533&amp;q=75&amp;w=800&amp;s=406ef65c1b4ac95d9018f59b7bf516d4 800w, https://img.assets-d.propublica.org/v5/images/GettyImages-2200890396_maxWidth_3000_maxHeight_3000_ppi_72_quality_95_embedColorProfile_true.jpg?crop=focalpoint&amp;fit=crop&amp;fm=webp&amp;fp-x=0.354&amp;fp-y=0.3384&amp;h=800&amp;q=75&amp;w=1200&amp;s=5d68632b3467c425c145f508e3df0f4f 1200w, https://img.assets-d.propublica.org/v5/images/GettyImages-2200890396_maxWidth_3000_maxHeight_3000_ppi_72_quality_95_embedColorProfile_true.jpg?crop=focalpoint&amp;fit=crop&amp;fm=webp&amp;fp-x=0.354&amp;fp-y=0.3384&amp;h=1067&amp;q=75&amp;w=1600&amp;s=915d8c9b6c1e84698f9fda97264ecbd6 1600w" width="400" height="267" loading="lazy" js-autosizes /> </a> </div> <div class="description"> <h3 class="hed" ><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/nyc-nypd-community-response-team-eric-adams-police-abuse">We Detailed Mayor Adams’ Embrace of an Abuse-Ridden NYPD Unit. Now Lawmakers and Advocates Demand Change.</a></h3> </div> </div><!-- end .story-entry --> <div class="story-entry region-local section-articles"> <div class="lead-art"> <a class="aspect-3-2" href="https://www.propublica.org/article/first-48-reality-tv-police-minneapolis-wrongful-conviction-barrientos-quintana"> <img alt="" src="data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%273%27%20height%3D%272%27%20style%3D%27background%3Atransparent%27%2F%3E" srcset="https://img.assets-d.propublica.org/v5/images/First48-Promo-OG.jpg?crop=focalpoint&amp;fit=crop&amp;fm=webp&amp;fp-x=0.6743&amp;fp-y=0.4847&amp;h=267&amp;q=75&amp;w=400&amp;s=359917baab227d13611ed4bd3b789128 400w, https://img.assets-d.propublica.org/v5/images/First48-Promo-OG.jpg?crop=focalpoint&amp;fit=crop&amp;fm=webp&amp;fp-x=0.6743&amp;fp-y=0.4847&amp;h=533&amp;q=75&amp;w=800&amp;s=13d9c39ac8118ba527db2b7bd5af4541 800w, https://img.assets-d.propublica.org/v5/images/First48-Promo-OG.jpg?crop=focalpoint&amp;fit=crop&amp;fm=webp&amp;fp-x=0.6743&amp;fp-y=0.4847&amp;h=800&amp;q=75&amp;w=1200&amp;s=f70b2035e857d4009fe7db9e3718762a 1200w, https://img.assets-d.propublica.org/v5/images/First48-Promo-OG.jpg?crop=focalpoint&amp;fit=crop&amp;fm=webp&amp;fp-x=0.6743&amp;fp-y=0.4847&amp;h=1067&amp;q=75&amp;w=1600&amp;s=5dfe908794e19dea8b403a33de5f9bf6 1600w" width="400" height="267" loading="lazy" js-autosizes /> </a> </div> <div class="description"> <h3 class="hed" ><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/first-48-reality-tv-police-minneapolis-wrongful-conviction-barrientos-quintana">“A Wholly Inaccurate Picture”: Reality Cop Show “The First 48” and the Wrongly Convicted Man</a></h3> </div> </div><!-- end .story-entry --> <div class="story-entry region-local section-articles"> <div class="lead-art"> <a class="aspect-3-2" href="https://www.propublica.org/article/first-48-reality-tv-police-dallas-memphis-mobile"> <img alt="" src="data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20width%3D%273%27%20height%3D%272%27%20style%3D%27background%3Atransparent%27%2F%3E" srcset="https://img.assets-d.propublica.org/v5/images/20250206-Maney-First48-032_maxWidth_3000_maxHeight_3000_ppi_72_quality_95_embedColorProfile_true-2.jpg?crop=focalpoint&amp;fit=crop&amp;fm=webp&amp;fp-x=0.4808&amp;fp-y=0.9567&amp;h=267&amp;q=75&amp;w=400&amp;s=5648d0b252011af6800256dcfe4adc88 400w, https://img.assets-d.propublica.org/v5/images/20250206-Maney-First48-032_maxWidth_3000_maxHeight_3000_ppi_72_quality_95_embedColorProfile_true-2.jpg?crop=focalpoint&amp;fit=crop&amp;fm=webp&amp;fp-x=0.4808&amp;fp-y=0.9567&amp;h=533&amp;q=75&amp;w=800&amp;s=1e6393fd49b5fc2ce060a7e23be2456d 800w, https://img.assets-d.propublica.org/v5/images/20250206-Maney-First48-032_maxWidth_3000_maxHeight_3000_ppi_72_quality_95_embedColorProfile_true-2.jpg?crop=focalpoint&amp;fit=crop&amp;fm=webp&amp;fp-x=0.4808&amp;fp-y=0.9567&amp;h=800&amp;q=75&amp;w=1200&amp;s=0f65b6d05e911809d73ea634310b9c3f 1200w, https://img.assets-d.propublica.org/v5/images/20250206-Maney-First48-032_maxWidth_3000_maxHeight_3000_ppi_72_quality_95_embedColorProfile_true-2.jpg?crop=focalpoint&amp;fit=crop&amp;fm=webp&amp;fp-x=0.4808&amp;fp-y=0.9567&amp;h=1067&amp;q=75&amp;w=1600&amp;s=0578a369f6dfd468fa4516a8d8174ce0 1600w" width="400" height="267" loading="lazy" js-autosizes /> </a> </div> <div class="description"> <h3 class="hed" ><a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/first-48-reality-tv-police-dallas-memphis-mobile">Police Across the U.S. Welcomed Cop Show “The First 48.” Then Relationships Soured.</a></h3> </div> </div><!-- end .story-entry --> </div> <!-- end .latest-stories --> </main><!-- end .content --> <div id="modal-search" class="modal collapsible collapsible-collapsed"> <div class="collapsible-header close-btn "> <svg class="icon" width="24" height="24"> <use xlink:href="#icon-close-light" /> </svg> <span class="a11y">Close this screen</span> </div> <!-- end .collapsible-header --> <div class="collapsible-content content"> <form class="nav-site-search" action="https://www.propublica.org/search" method="get"> <label class="a11y hed-form hed-site-search">Search ProPublica:</label> <div class="input-wrapper reverse"> <input placeholder="Search ProPublica" class="text nav-site-search-text" type="search" value="" name="qss" /> <input type="submit" value="Search" /> </div> </form> </div> <!-- end .collapsible-content --> </div> <!-- end #modal-search --> <div id="modal-republish" class="modal collapsible collapsible-collapsed"> <div class="collapsible-header close-btn"> <svg class="icon" width="24" height="24"> <use xlink:href="#icon-close-light" /> </svg> <span class="a11y">Close this screen</span> </div> <!-- end .collapsible-header --> <div class="collapsible-content content"> <div class="wrapper"> <h3>Republish This Story for Free</h3> <p class="license"><a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/">Creative Commons License (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0)</a></p> <div class="republish-instructions"> <h3 class="title"></h3> <p class="byline"></p> <p class="intro">Thank you for your interest in republishing this story. You are are free to republish it so long as you do the following:</p> <ul> <li>You have to credit <em>ProPublica and any co-reporting partners</em>. In the byline, we prefer “Author Name, Publication(s).” At the top of the text of your story, include a line that reads: “This story was originally published by ProPublica.” You must link the word “ProPublica” to the original URL of the story.</li> <li>If you’re republishing online, you must link to the URL of this story on propublica.org, include all of the links from our story, including our newsletter sign up language and link, and use our <a href="/pixelping">PixelPing tag</a>.</li> <li>If you use canonical metadata, please use the ProPublica URL. For more information about canonical metadata, <a href="https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/139066?hl=en">refer to this Google SEO link</a>.</li> <li>You can’t edit our material, except to reflect relative changes in time, location and editorial style. (For example, “yesterday” can be changed to “last week,” and “Portland, Ore.” to “Portland” or “here.”)</li> <li>You cannot republish our photographs or illustrations without specific permission. Please contact <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#38555d5c51594a515f504c4b78484a57484d5a54515b5916574a5f"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="deb3bbbab7bfacb7b9b6aaad9eaeacb1aeabbcb2b7bdbff0b1acb9">[email&#160;protected]</span></a>.</li> <li>It’s okay to put our stories on pages with ads, but not ads specifically sold against our stories. You can’t state or imply that donations to your organization support ProPublica’s work.</li> <li>You can’t sell our material separately or syndicate it. This includes publishing or syndicating our work on platforms or apps such as Apple News, Google News, etc.</li> <li>You can’t republish our material wholesale, or automatically; you need to select stories to be republished individually. (To inquire about syndication or licensing opportunities, contact <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#1f73767c7a716c7671785f6f6d706f6a7d73767c7e31706d78"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="9ff3f6fcfaf1ecf6f1f8dfefedf0efeafdf3f6fcfeb1f0edf8">[email&#160;protected]</span></a>.)</li> <li>You can’t use our work to populate a website designed to improve rankings on search engines or solely to gain revenue from network-based advertisements.</li> <li>We do not generally permit translation of our stories into another language.</li> <li>Any website our stories appear on must include a prominent and effective way to contact you.</li> </ul> </div> <!-- end .republish-content --> <div class="republish-copy"> <p>Copy and paste the following into your page to republish:</p> </div> <!-- end .republish-copy --> </div> <!-- end .wrapper --> </div> <!-- end .collapsible-content --> </div> <!-- end #modal-republish --> <div id="nav-menu" class="modal collapsible collapsible-collapsed"> <div class="collapsible-header close-btn"> <svg class="icon" width="24" height="24"> <use xlink:href="#icon-close-light" /> </svg> <span class="a11y">Close this menu</span> </div> <div class="collapsible-content"> <nav class="primary-nav"> <ul> <li class="primary-nav-item news-apps"><a href="/newsapps/">Graphics &amp; Data</a></li> <li class="primary-nav-item topics"><a href="/topics/">Topics</a></li> <li class="primary-nav-item series"><a href="/series/">Series</a></li> <li class="primary-nav-item videos"><a href="/video/">Videos</a></li> <li class="primary-nav-item impact"><a href="/impact/">Impact</a></li> </ul> </nav><!-- end .primary-nav --> <nav class="org-nav"> <ul> <li class="org-nav-item main"><a href="/">ProPublica</a></li> <li class="org-nav-item local-initiatives"><a href="/local-initiatives/">Local Initiatives</a></li> <li class="org-nav-item data-store"><a href="/datastore/">Data Store</a></li> </ul> </nav><!-- end .org-nav --> <nav class="action-nav"> <p>Follow Us:</p> <ul> <li class="action-nav-item social facebook"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/propublica"> <svg class="icon" width="24" height="24"> <use xlink:href="#icon-facebook" /> </svg> <span class="cta">Like us on Facebook</span> </a> </li> <li class="action-nav-item social twitter"> <a href="https://twitter.com/propublica"> <svg class="icon" width="24" height="24"> <use xlink:href="#icon-twitter" /> </svg> <span class="cta">Follow us on Twitter</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav><!-- end .action-nav --> </div><!-- end .modal-inner --> </div><!-- end .modal --> <style> /* re-assert som CSS Custom Properties from v5 */ .admin-shortcuts { --fonts-sans: "Graphik", sans-serif; --scale0: 1rem; --scale-1: 13px; --scale-2: 11px; --scale-3: 9px; --spacing-2: 4px; --spacing-1: 8px; --spacing0: 16px; --spacing1: 24px; --spacing2: 32px; --spacing3: 64px; } .admin-shortcuts { position: fixed; z-index: 10000; bottom: 0; right: var(--spacing0); width: auto; display: flex; flex-direction: row; justify-content: center; align-content: center; gap: var(--spacing0); padding: var(--spacing-1) var(--spacing0); background-color: black; color: white; font-size: var(--scale-1); font-family: var(--fonts-sans); border-radius: 0.25rem 0.25rem 0 0; } .admin-shortcuts__link { display: inline-block; text-decoration: none; color: inherit; display: flex; gap: 0.33em; } .admin-shortcuts__user:before { content: ""; width: 0.66em; height: 0.66em; border-radius: 100%; background-color: #14b84f; /* green 50 */ } .admin-shortcuts__user { padding-right: calc(var(--spacing-2) * 4); border-right: 1px solid hsla(0, 0%, 100%, 0.2); } .admin-shortcuts__user:before, .admin-shortcuts__icon { align-self: center; } .admin-shortcuts__icon { width: 1.1em; height: 1.1em; } </style> <!-- jQuery/Legacy JS --> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script src="https://www.propublica.org/js/public/assets/all.js"></script> <script src="https://assets.propublica.org/static/prod/v4/js/main.340494f3.js"></script> <script src="https://www.propublica.org/js/public/assets/beacons.js"></script> <script id="parsely-cfg" src="//cdn.parsely.com/keys/propublica.org/p.js"></script> <!-- FOOTER --> <footer role="contentinfo"> <div class="newsletter"> <div class="site-footer-inner"> <form class="ajax-form subscribe-email" action="https://signup.propublica.org/newsletter/turing" method="post" > <h2 class="pp-module-title" id="digest-title">Stay informed with the Daily Digest.</h2> <div role="group" class="form-wrap" aria-describedby="digest-title"> <label for="pp-email-signup--full" class="a11y">Enter your email</label> <input class="text subscribe-email-text" type="email" placeholder="Enter your email" id="pp-email-signup--full" name="email" onfocus="recaptchaInit()" /> <input id="newsletter-signup-footer" class="btn subscribe-email-btn g-recaptcha" type="submit" value="Sign Up" /> <input type="hidden" name="target" value="l/125411/2018-11-01/5vd35q" /> <input type="hidden" name="stlist" value="The Daily Digest" /> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://www.propublica.org/" /> <input type="hidden" name="placement" value="site-wide-footer" /> <input type="hidden" name="region" value="national" /> <input type="hidden" name="success_location" value="https://www.propublica.org/forms/thankyou" /> <input type="hidden" name="error_location" value="https://www.propublica.org/forms/error" /> <input type="hidden" name="origin_location" value="https://v3-www.propublica.org/topics/" /> </div> </form><!-- end .subscribe-email --> </div> </div><!-- end .newsletter --> <div class="site-footer-inner"> <nav id="footer-links" aria-labelledby="footer-nav"> <h2 id="footer-nav" class="a11y">Site Navigation</h2> <div> <div class="collapsible collapsible-collapsed collapsible-expandwhenwide" data-collapsible-set="footer-links"> <h3>Sections</h3> <ul> <li><a href="/">ProPublica</a></li> <li><a href="/local-reporting-network/">Local Reporting Network</a></li> <li><a href="/texas/">Texas Tribune Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/datastore/">The Data Store</a></li> <li><a href="/electionland/">Electionland</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="collapsible collapsible-collapsed collapsible-expandwhenwide" data-collapsible-set="footer-links"> <h3>Browse by Type</h3> <ul> <li><a href="/topics/">Topics</a></li> <li><a href="/series/">Series</a></li> <li><a href="/video/">Videos</a></li> <li><a href="/newsapps/">News Apps</a></li> <li><a href="/getinvolved/">Get Involved</a></li> <li><a href="/nerds/">The Nerd Blog</a></li> <li><a href="/atpropublica/">@ProPublica</a></li> <li><a href="/events/">Events</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div> <div class="collapsible collapsible-collapsed collapsible-expandwhenwide" data-collapsible-set="footer-links"> <h3>Info</h3> <ul> <li><a href="/about/">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="/leadership/">Board and Advisors</a></li> <li><a href="/staff/">Officers and Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/diversity/">Diversity</a></li> <li><a href="/jobs/">Jobs</a> and <a href="/fellowships/">Fellowships</a></li> <li><a href="/local-initiatives/">Local Initiatives</a></li> <li><a href="/media-center/">Media Center</a></li> <li><a href="/reports/">Reports</a></li> <li><a href="/impact/">Impact</a></li> <li><a href="/awards/">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/corrections/">Corrections</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="collapsible collapsible-collapsed collapsible-expandwhenwide" data-collapsible-set="footer-links"> <h3>Policies</h3> <ul> <li><a href="/code-of-ethics/">Code of Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/advertising/">Advertising Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/legal/">Privacy Policy</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div> <div class="collapsible collapsible-collapsed collapsible-expandwhenwide" data-collapsible-set="footer-links"> <h3>Follow</h3> <ul> <li><a href="/newsletters/">Newsletters</a></li> <li><a href="/series/trump-inc/">Podcast</a></li> <li><a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/propublica/id355298887?mt=8">iOS</a> and <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.propublica&hl=en">Android</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.propublica.org/feeds/propublica/main">RSS Feed</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="collapsible collapsible-collapsed collapsible-expandwhenwide" data-collapsible-set="footer-links"> <h3>More</h3> <ul> <li><a href="/tips/">Send Us Tips</a></li> <li><a href="/steal-our-stories/">Steal Our Stories</a></li> <li><a href="http://p53lf57qovyuvwsc6xnrppyply3vtqm7l6pcobkmyqsiofyeznfu5uqd.onion">Browse via Tor</a></li> <li><a href="/contact/">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://propublica.org/donate/">Donate</a></li> <li><a href="/support/other-ways-to-give/">More Ways to Give</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="site-copyright"> <a class="logo" href="/"> <svg role="img" width="574" height="75"> <use xlink:href="#propublica-logo" /> <text class="a11y">ProPublica</text> </svg> </a> <p class="slogan">Journalism in the Public&nbsp;Interest</p> <small>&copy; Copyright 2025 Pro Publica Inc.</small> </div> </div><!-- end .site-footer-inner --> </footer> <!-- anchors used by `aria-describedby` states --> <div id="wayfinding" class="squelch"> <span id="current-site">Current site</span> <span id="current-page">Current page</span> </div> <script data-syndicate src="https://assets.propublica.org/static/prod/v4/js/deploy/syndicated-newsletter-v1.1.0.js" data-delay="3" data-endpoint="https://www.propublica.org/partials/newsletter-roadblock-big-story.html" data-stylesheet="https://assets.propublica.org/static/prod/v4/css/deploy/syndicated-newsletter.css" data-target="l/125411/2019-04-26/6m938v"> </script> <!-- END FOOTER --> <!-- Iterate Code --> <!-- Iterate baseline styles: additional styles included in pp-v5-shared --> <style> .iterate__container { font-family: var(--fonts-sans, "graphik") !important; } </style> <script> // Iterate setup script window.iterateSettings = { apiKey: 'eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJjb21wYW55X2lkIjoiNjJmM2M2ZGNjYmVhNDQwMDAxNDZmMjRjIiwiaWF0IjoxNjYwMTQzMzI1fQ.HJYYZWnRLo7nKQHPteT9eeNeXePWXpYAyhaNyFAES-Y', }; (function(i,t,e,r,a){if(t.getElementById(r)){return} i.IterateObjectName=a;var z=function(){z.c(arguments)};z.q=[]; z.c=function(args){z.q.push(args)};i[a]=z; function l() {var js,fjs=t.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];js=t.createElement(e);js.id=r;js.async=1;js.src="https://platform.iteratehq.com/loader.js";fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs)}; if(t.readyState==="complete") {l();} else if(i.attachEvent) {i.attachEvent('onload', l);} else{i.addEventListener('load', l, false);} }(window, document,'script','iterate-js','Iterate')); // Start Iterate: this will check the server to see if a survey should be displayed Iterate('install') // Pass custom properties to Iterate: the 2nd parameter is user-level data, the 3rd parameter is response-level data var url = new URL(window.location.href); Iterate('identify', null, { canonical: 'https://www.propublica.org/topics', utm_campaign: url.searchParams.get("utm_campaign"), utm_medium: url.searchParams.get("utm_medium"), utm_source: url.searchParams.get("utm_source") }) </script> <!-- End Iterate Code --> <script src='https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?onload=grecaptchaLoaded&render=6LcC1roqAAAAAK9equRCqsCagWPYzf79SKrxGFGY'></script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","author":{"@id":"https://www.propublica.org#identity"},"copyrightHolder":{"@id":"https://www.propublica.org#identity"},"copyrightYear":"2019","creator":{"@id":"#creator"},"dateCreated":"2019-10-31T13:15:48-04:00","dateModified":"2021-01-11T22:44:55-05:00","datePublished":"2019-10-31T13:15:00-04:00","description":"ProPublica is an independent, non-profit newsroom that produces investigative journalism in the public interest.","headline":"Topics","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://assets.propublica.org/2017-pp-open-graph-1200x630.jpg"},"inLanguage":"en-us","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.propublica.org/topics","name":"Topics","publisher":{"@id":"#creator"},"url":"https://www.propublica.org/topics"},{"@id":"https://www.propublica.org#identity","@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","addressCountry":"US","addressLocality":"New York","addressRegion":"NY","postalCode":"10013","streetAddress":"155 Avenue of the Americas, 13th Floor"},"description":"ProPublica is an independent, non-profit newsroom that produces investigative journalism in the public interest.","email":"info@propublica.org","name":"ProPublica","sameAs":["https://twitter.com/propublica","https://www.facebook.com/propublica/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProPublica","https://www.youtube.com/user/propublica","https://github.com/propublica","https://www.linkedin.com/company/propublica/","https://www.instagram.com/propublica","https://www.pinterest.com/propublica","https://vimeo.com/propublica"],"telephone":"1-212-514-5250","url":"https://www.propublica.org"},{"@id":"#creator","@type":"Organization"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","description":"Breadcrumbs list","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","item":"https://www.propublica.org","name":"Homepage","position":1},{"@type":"ListItem","item":"https://www.propublica.org/topics","name":"Topics","position":2}],"name":"Breadcrumbs"}]}</script></body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10