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gradient</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: chemokines gradient"> <meta name="keywords" content="chemokines gradient"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="chemokines gradient"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 791</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: chemokines gradient</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">791</span> Immunoregulatory Cytokines and Chemokines Synthesis in Endurance Exercises</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roman%20Khanferyan">Roman Khanferyan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Endurance exercises and strenuous muscle activity are accompanied by multiple immune dysfunctions due to the activation of cytokines and chemokines synthesis. This study assesses changes in the synthesis of immune regulatory mediators in elite athletes during endurance sports activity. The concentrations of cytokines/chemokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, MIP-1 beta, GRO-alpha, RANTES, SDF-1a, VEGF) in sera of hockey athletes (n=33) and in supernatants of 24-h cultivated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of boxers (n=6) assayed by ELISA and Luminex xMAP multiplex assays. Estimation of body composition studied by using bioimpedance technology. The dietary energy consumption per person has been estimated using an album of different sizes of portions of the most frequently consumed foods. It has been demonstrated that endurance sports activity enhances the secretions of most pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in more than 2-6 fold. The study demonstrated that the high increase of more than 3-4 times in the concentration of IL-18 in sera of athletes (327.86 + 45.67 pg/ml) didn’t correlate with BMI (p=0.040) but demonstrated a low correlation with MMI (p=0.234) and BMR (p=0,231). The opposite impact on the concentration of IL-10 has been demonstrated in athletes. It has been shown a negative correlation between its concentration and BMI (p= - 0.251), MMI (p= - 0.327), and BMR (p= - 0.301). In vitro studies in boxers showed greater amounts of chemokines in the PBMC supernatants, including MIP-1β, GRO-α, RANTES, SDF-1α, and IL-8 (P<0.05). At the same time, healthy controls had greater supernatant levels of MCP-1, Eotaxin, and MIP-1α. The study demonstrated a high correlation between physical activity, usual athletes' diet, and consumption of specialized sports nutrition products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sport%20nutrition" title="sport nutrition">sport nutrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytokines" title=" cytokines"> cytokines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemokines" title=" chemokines"> chemokines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endurace%20exercises" title=" endurace exercises"> endurace exercises</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186119/immunoregulatory-cytokines-and-chemokines-synthesis-in-endurance-exercises" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186119.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">43</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">790</span> Review on Quaternion Gradient Operator with Marginal and Vector Approaches for Colour Edge Detection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia%20Ben%20Youssef">Nadia Ben Youssef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aicha%20Bouzid"> Aicha Bouzid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gradient estimation is one of the most fundamental tasks in the field of image processing in general, and more particularly for color images since that the research in color image gradient remains limited. The widely used gradient method is Di Zenzo’s gradient operator, which is based on the measure of squared local contrast of color images. The proposed gradient mechanism, presented in this paper, is based on the principle of the Di Zenzo’s approach using quaternion representation. This edge detector is compared to a marginal approach based on multiscale product of wavelet transform and another vector approach based on quaternion convolution and vector gradient approach. The experimental results indicate that the proposed color gradient operator outperforms marginal approach, however, it is less efficient then the second vector approach. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gradient" title="gradient">gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=edge%20detection" title=" edge detection"> edge detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=color%20image" title=" color image"> color image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quaternion" title=" quaternion"> quaternion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141138/review-on-quaternion-gradient-operator-with-marginal-and-vector-approaches-for-colour-edge-detection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141138.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">234</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">789</span> Mathematical Modeling of the Working Principle of Gravity Gradient Instrument</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danni%20Cong">Danni Cong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meiping%20Wu"> Meiping Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hua%20Mu"> Hua Mu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaofeng%20He"> Xiaofeng He</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junxiang%20Lian"> Junxiang Lian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juliang%20Cao"> Juliang Cao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaokun%20Cai"> Shaokun Cai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hao%20Qin"> Hao Qin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gravity field is of great significance in geoscience, national economy and national security, and gravitational gradient measurement has been extensively studied due to its higher accuracy than gravity measurement. Gravity gradient sensor, being one of core devices of the gravity gradient instrument, plays a key role in measuring accuracy. Therefore, this paper starts from analyzing the working principle of the gravity gradient sensor by Newton’s law, and then considers the relative motion between inertial and non-inertial systems to build a relatively adequate mathematical model, laying a foundation for the measurement error calibration, measurement accuracy improvement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity%20gradient" title="gravity gradient">gravity gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity%20gradient%20sensor" title=" gravity gradient sensor"> gravity gradient sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerometer" title=" accelerometer"> accelerometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single-axis%20rotation%20modulation" title=" single-axis rotation modulation"> single-axis rotation modulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74776/mathematical-modeling-of-the-working-principle-of-gravity-gradient-instrument" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74776.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">788</span> A New Modification of Nonlinear Conjugate Gradient Coefficients with Global Convergence Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Alhawarat">Ahmad Alhawarat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Mamat"> Mustafa Mamat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Rivaie"> Mohd Rivaie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismail%20Mohd"> Ismail Mohd</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conjugate gradient method has been enormously used to solve large scale unconstrained optimization problems due to the number of iteration, memory, CPU time, and convergence property, in this paper we find a new class of nonlinear conjugate gradient coefficient with global convergence properties proved by exact line search. The numerical results for our new βK give a good result when it compared with well-known formulas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conjugate%20gradient%20method" title="conjugate gradient method">conjugate gradient method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conjugate%20gradient%20coefficient" title=" conjugate gradient coefficient"> conjugate gradient coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20convergence" title=" global convergence"> global convergence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1392/a-new-modification-of-nonlinear-conjugate-gradient-coefficients-with-global-convergence-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1392.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">463</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">787</span> Linear Study of Electrostatic Ion Temperature Gradient Mode with Entropy Gradient Drift and Sheared Ion Flows</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Yaqub%20Khan">M. Yaqub Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usman%20Shabbir"> Usman Shabbir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> History of plasma reveals that continuous struggle of experimentalists and theorists are not fruitful for confinement up to now. It needs a change to bring the research through entropy. Approximately, all the quantities like number density, temperature, electrostatic potential, etc. are connected to entropy. Therefore, it is better to change the way of research. In ion temperature gradient mode with the help of Braginskii model, Boltzmannian electrons, effect of velocity shear is studied inculcating entropy in the magnetoplasma. New dispersion relation is derived for ion temperature gradient mode, and dependence on entropy gradient drift is seen. It is also seen velocity shear enhances the instability but in anomalous transport, its role is not seen significantly but entropy. This work will be helpful to the next step of tokamak and space plasmas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entropy" title="entropy">entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity%20shear" title=" velocity shear"> velocity shear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion%20temperature%20gradient%20mode" title=" ion temperature gradient mode"> ion temperature gradient mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drift" title=" drift"> drift</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70221/linear-study-of-electrostatic-ion-temperature-gradient-mode-with-entropy-gradient-drift-and-sheared-ion-flows" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70221.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">786</span> Global Convergence of a Modified Three-Term Conjugate Gradient Algorithms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belloufi%20Mohammed">Belloufi Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sellami%20Badreddine"> Sellami Badreddine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with a new nonlinear modified three-term conjugate gradient algorithm for solving large-scale unstrained optimization problems. The search direction of the algorithms from this class has three terms and is computed as modifications of the classical conjugate gradient algorithms to satisfy both the descent and the conjugacy conditions. An example of three-term conjugate gradient algorithm from this class, as modifications of the classical and well known Hestenes and Stiefel or of the CG_DESCENT by Hager and Zhang conjugate gradient algorithms, satisfying both the descent and the conjugacy conditions is presented. Under mild conditions, we prove that the modified three-term conjugate gradient algorithm with Wolfe type line search is globally convergent. Preliminary numerical results show the proposed method is very promising. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconstrained%20optimization" title="unconstrained optimization">unconstrained optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three-term%20conjugate%20gradient" title=" three-term conjugate gradient"> three-term conjugate gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sufficient%20descent%20property" title=" sufficient descent property"> sufficient descent property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=line%20search" title=" line search"> line search</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41727/global-convergence-of-a-modified-three-term-conjugate-gradient-algorithms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41727.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">785</span> Cytokine Changes of Auricular Point Acupressure to Manage Aromatase Inhibitor-Induced Arthralgia in Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Survivors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chao%20Hsing%20Yeh">Chao Hsing Yeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Chun%20Lin"> Wei Chun Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Current management of aromatase inhibitor-induced arthralgia (AIA) in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors (PBCS) has limited effect. Method: In this prospective randomized clinical trial (RCT), a 4-week APA treatment was used to manage AIA. Twenty PBCS participated. After baseline data was collected, participants were waited for a month before they receive APA at a convenient time once a week for 4 weeks. Blood samples from participants in both groups were collected at baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment. The primary outcomes included: pain intensity, pain interference, stiffness, and physical function. Results: After the 4-week APA treatment, the pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines display a trend of mean percentage reduction (i.e., -22% in IL-1α, -4% in IL-1β, -1% in IL-2, -3% in IL-6, -19% in IL-12, -9% in Eotaxin, and -2% in MCP-1). The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and IL-13 (i.e., 5% in IL-10 and 29% in IL-13) increased from pre- to post-APA treatment. Significant positive correlation of percentage mean change was observed between symptom severity and eotaxin (ρ = 0.56; p < 0.01) & MCP-1 (ρ = 0.65; p < 0.01). Interference and chemokines (eotaxin & MIP-1) also shows positive correlation (ρ = 0.48; p < 0.01 & ρ = 0.39; p < 0.05). Another positive correlation was found between worst pain and chemokines (eotaxin, ρ = 0.48; p < 0.01 & MIP-1, ρ = 0.39; p < 0.05). Additionally, interference also shows positive correlation among IL-1α (ρ = 0.36; p < 0.05) and IL-β (ρ = 0.33; p < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that APA intervention may inhibit inflammation of AIA patients and chemokine could be one of the key factors of AIA symptom improvement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acupressure" title="acupressure">acupressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytokine" title=" cytokine"> cytokine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain%20management" title=" pain management"> pain management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20cancer%20survivors" title=" breast cancer survivors"> breast cancer survivors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67779/cytokine-changes-of-auricular-point-acupressure-to-manage-aromatase-inhibitor-induced-arthralgia-in-postmenopausal-breast-cancer-survivors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67779.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">784</span> Torsional Vibration of Carbon Nanotubes via Nonlocal Gradient Theories</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Arda">Mustafa Arda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Metin%20Aydogdu"> Metin Aydogdu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have many possible application areas because of their superior physical properties. Nonlocal Theory, which unlike the classical theories, includes the size dependency. Nonlocal Stress and Strain Gradient approaches can be used in nanoscale static and dynamic analysis. In the present study, torsional vibration of CNTs was investigated according to nonlocal stress and strain gradient theories. Effects of the small scale parameters to the non-dimensional frequency were obtained. Results were compared with the Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Lattice Dynamics. Strain Gradient Theory has shown more weakening effect on CNT according to the Stress Gradient Theory. Combination of both theories gives more acceptable results rather than the classical and stress or strain gradient theory according to Lattice Dynamics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=torsional%20vibration" title="torsional vibration">torsional vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanotubes" title=" carbon nanotubes"> carbon nanotubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlocal%20gradient%20theory" title=" nonlocal gradient theory"> nonlocal gradient theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title=" stress"> stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain" title=" strain"> strain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48828/torsional-vibration-of-carbon-nanotubes-via-nonlocal-gradient-theories" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48828.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">783</span> A New Family of Globally Convergent Conjugate Gradient Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Sellami">B. Sellami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Laskri"> Y. Laskri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Belloufi"> M. Belloufi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conjugate gradient methods are an important class of methods for unconstrained optimization, especially for large-scale problems. Recently, they have been much studied. In this paper, a new family of conjugate gradient method is proposed for unconstrained optimization. This method includes the already existing two practical nonlinear conjugate gradient methods, which produces a descent search direction at every iteration and converges globally provided that the line search satisfies the Wolfe conditions. The numerical experiments are done to test the efficiency of the new method, which implies the new method is promising. In addition the methods related to this family are uniformly discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conjugate%20gradient%20method" title="conjugate gradient method">conjugate gradient method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20convergence" title=" global convergence"> global convergence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=line%20search" title=" line search"> line search</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconstrained%20optimization" title=" unconstrained optimization"> unconstrained optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40381/a-new-family-of-globally-convergent-conjugate-gradient-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40381.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">410</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">782</span> A New Conjugate Gradient Method with Guaranteed Descent</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Sellami">B. Sellami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Belloufi"> M. Belloufi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conjugate gradient methods are an important class of methods for unconstrained optimization, especially for large-scale problems. Recently, they have been much studied. In this paper, we propose a new two-parameter family of conjugate gradient methods for unconstrained optimization. The two-parameter family of methods not only includes the already existing three practical nonlinear conjugate gradient methods, but also has other family of conjugate gradient methods as subfamily. The two-parameter family of methods with the Wolfe line search is shown to ensure the descent property of each search direction. Some general convergence results are also established for the two-parameter family of methods. The numerical results show that this method is efficient for the given test problems. In addition, the methods related to this family are uniformly discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconstrained%20optimization" title="unconstrained optimization">unconstrained optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conjugate%20gradient%20method" title=" conjugate gradient method"> conjugate gradient method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=line%20search" title=" line search"> line search</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20convergence" title=" global convergence"> global convergence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41734/a-new-conjugate-gradient-method-with-guaranteed-descent" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41734.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">781</span> Green Function and Eshelby Tensor Based on Mindlin’s 2nd Gradient Model: An Explicit Study of Spherical Inclusion Case</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Selmi">A. Selmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bisharat"> A. Bisharat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using Fourier transform and based on the Mindlin's 2<sup>nd</sup> gradient model that involves two length scale parameters, the Green's function, the Eshelby tensor, and the Eshelby-like tensor for a spherical inclusion are derived. It is proved that the Eshelby tensor consists of two parts; the classical Eshelby tensor and a gradient part including the length scale parameters which enable the interpretation of the size effect. When the strain gradient is not taken into account, the obtained Green's function and Eshelby tensor reduce to its analogue based on the classical elasticity. The Eshelby tensor in and outside the inclusion, the volume average of the gradient part and the Eshelby-like tensor are explicitly obtained. Unlike the classical Eshelby tensor, the results show that the components of the new Eshelby tensor vary with the position and the inclusion dimensions. It is demonstrated that the contribution of the gradient part should not be neglected. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eshelby%20tensor" title="Eshelby tensor">Eshelby tensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eshelby-like%20tensor" title=" Eshelby-like tensor"> Eshelby-like tensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Green%E2%80%99s%20function" title=" Green’s function"> Green’s function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mindlin%E2%80%99s%202nd%20gradient%20model" title=" Mindlin’s 2nd gradient model"> Mindlin’s 2nd gradient model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spherical%20inclusion" title=" spherical inclusion"> spherical inclusion</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95413/green-function-and-eshelby-tensor-based-on-mindlins-2nd-gradient-model-an-explicit-study-of-spherical-inclusion-case" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95413.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">269</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">780</span> Dynamic Measurement System Modeling with Machine Learning Algorithms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Changqiao%20Wu">Changqiao Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guoqing%20Ding"> Guoqing Ding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xin%20Chen"> Xin Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, ways of modeling dynamic measurement systems are discussed. Specially, for linear system with single-input single-output, it could be modeled with shallow neural network. Then, gradient based optimization algorithms are used for searching the proper coefficients. Besides, method with normal equation and second order gradient descent are proposed to accelerate the modeling process, and ways of better gradient estimation are discussed. It shows that the mathematical essence of the learning objective is maximum likelihood with noises under Gaussian distribution. For conventional gradient descent, the mini-batch learning and gradient with momentum contribute to faster convergence and enhance model ability. Lastly, experimental results proved the effectiveness of second order gradient descent algorithm, and indicated that optimization with normal equation was the most suitable for linear dynamic models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20system%20modeling" title="dynamic system modeling">dynamic system modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normal%20equation" title=" normal equation"> normal equation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20order%20gradient%20descent" title=" second order gradient descent"> second order gradient descent</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98265/dynamic-measurement-system-modeling-with-machine-learning-algorithms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98265.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">779</span> Flexural Strength Design of RC Beams with Consideration of Strain Gradient Effect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mantai%20Chen">Mantai Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johnny%20Ching%20Ming%20Ho"> Johnny Ching Ming Ho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The stress-strain relationship of concrete under flexure is one of the essential parameters in assessing ultimate flexural strength capacity of RC beams. Currently, the concrete stress-strain curve in flexure is obtained by incorporating a constant scale-down factor of 0.85 in the uniaxial stress-strain curve. However, it was revealed that strain gradient would improve the maximum concrete stress under flexure and concrete stress-strain curve is strain gradient dependent. Based on the strain-gradient-dependent concrete stress-strain curve, the investigation of the combined effects of strain gradient and concrete strength on flexural strength of RC beams was extended to high strength concrete up to 100 MPa by theoretical analysis. As an extension and application of the authors’ previous study, a new flexural strength design method incorporating the combined effects of strain gradient and concrete strength is developed. A set of equivalent rectangular concrete stress block parameters is proposed and applied to produce a series of design charts showing that the flexural strength of RC beams are improved with strain gradient effect considered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beams" title="beams">beams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20concrete%20stress%20block" title=" equivalent concrete stress block"> equivalent concrete stress block</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexural%20strength" title=" flexural strength"> flexural strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain%20gradient" title=" strain gradient"> strain gradient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5486/flexural-strength-design-of-rc-beams-with-consideration-of-strain-gradient-effect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5486.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">447</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">778</span> Hybrid Gravity Gradient Inversion-Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Motion Planning of Mobile Robots</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meng%20Wu">Meng Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Motion planning is a common task required to be fulfilled by robots. A strategy combining Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and gravity gradient inversion algorithm is proposed for motion planning of mobile robots. In this paper, in order to realize optimal motion planning strategy, the cost function in ACO is designed based on gravity gradient inversion algorithm. The obstacles around mobile robot can cause gravity gradient anomalies; the gradiometer is installed on the mobile robot to detect the gravity gradient anomalies. After obtaining the anomalies, gravity gradient inversion algorithm is employed to calculate relative distance and orientation between mobile robot and obstacles. The relative distance and orientation deduced from gravity gradient inversion algorithm is employed as cost function in ACO algorithm to realize motion planning. The proposed strategy is validated by the simulation and experiment results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motion%20planning" title="motion planning">motion planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gravity%20gradient%20inversion%20algorithm" title=" gravity gradient inversion algorithm"> gravity gradient inversion algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ant%20colony%20optimization" title=" ant colony optimization"> ant colony optimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110462/hybrid-gravity-gradient-inversion-ant-colony-optimization-algorithm-for-motion-planning-of-mobile-robots" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110462.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">777</span> A Refined Nonlocal Strain Gradient Theory for Assessing Scaling-Dependent Vibration Behavior of Microbeams</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaobai%20Li">Xiaobai Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Li"> Li Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yujin%20Hu"> Yujin Hu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weiming%20Deng"> Weiming Deng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhe%20Ding"> Zhe Ding</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A size-dependent Euler–Bernoulli beam model, which accounts for nonlocal stress field, strain gradient field and higher order inertia force field, is derived based on the nonlocal strain gradient theory considering velocity gradient effect. The governing equations and boundary conditions are derived both in dimensional and dimensionless form by employed the Hamilton principle. The analytical solutions based on different continuum theories are compared. The effect of higher order inertia terms is extremely significant in high frequency range. It is found that there exists an asymptotic frequency for the proposed beam model, while for the nonlocal strain gradient theory the solutions diverge. The effect of strain gradient field in thickness direction is significant in low frequencies domain and it cannot be neglected when the material strain length scale parameter is considerable with beam thickness. The influence of each of three size effect parameters on the natural frequencies are investigated. The natural frequencies increase with the increasing material strain gradient length scale parameter or decreasing velocity gradient length scale parameter and nonlocal parameter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Euler-Bernoulli%20Beams" title="Euler-Bernoulli Beams">Euler-Bernoulli Beams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20vibration" title=" free vibration"> free vibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=higher%20order%20inertia" title=" higher order inertia"> higher order inertia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nonlocal%20Strain%20Gradient%20Theory" title=" Nonlocal Strain Gradient Theory"> Nonlocal Strain Gradient Theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity%20gradient" title=" velocity gradient"> velocity gradient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60330/a-refined-nonlocal-strain-gradient-theory-for-assessing-scaling-dependent-vibration-behavior-of-microbeams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60330.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">776</span> Ultra-Fast pH-Gradient Ion Exchange Chromatography for the Separation of Monoclonal Antibody Charge Variants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20van%20Ling">Robert van Ling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Schwahn"> Alexander Schwahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shanhua%20Lin"> Shanhua Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ken%20Cook"> Ken Cook</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frank%20Steiner"> Frank Steiner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rowan%20Moore"> Rowan Moore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mauro%20de%20Pra"> Mauro de Pra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: Demonstration of fast high resolution charge variant analysis for monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutics within 5 minutes. Methods: Three commercially available mAbs were used for all experiments. The charge variants of therapeutic mAbs (Bevacizumab, Cetuximab, Infliximab, and Trastuzumab) are analyzed on a strong cation exchange column with a linear pH gradient separation method. The linear gradient from pH 5.6 to pH 10.2 is generated over time by running a linear pump gradient from 100% Thermo Scientific™ CX-1 pH Gradient Buffer A (pH 5.6) to 100% CX-1 pH Gradient Buffer B (pH 10.2), using the Thermo Scientific™ Vanquish™ UHPLC system. Results: The pH gradient method is generally applicable to monoclonal antibody charge variant analysis. In conjunction with state-of-the-art column and UHPLC technology, ultra fast high-resolution separations are consistently achieved in under 5 minutes for all mAbs analyzed. Conclusion: The linear pH gradient method is a platform method for mAb charge variant analysis. The linear pH gradient method can be easily optimized to improve separations and shorten cycle times. Ultra-fast charge variant separation is facilitated with UHPLC that complements, and in some instances outperforms CE approaches in terms of both resolution and throughput. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge%20variants" title="charge variants">charge variants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion%20exchange%20chromatography" title=" ion exchange chromatography"> ion exchange chromatography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=monoclonal%20antibody" title=" monoclonal antibody"> monoclonal antibody</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UHPLC" title=" UHPLC"> UHPLC</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63884/ultra-fast-ph-gradient-ion-exchange-chromatography-for-the-separation-of-monoclonal-antibody-charge-variants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63884.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">775</span> A New Class of Conjugate Gradient Methods Based on a Modified Search Direction for Unconstrained Optimization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belloufi%20Mohammed">Belloufi Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sellami%20Badreddine"> Sellami Badreddine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conjugate gradient methods have played a special role for solving large scale optimization problems due to the simplicity of their iteration, convergence properties and their low memory requirements. In this work, we propose a new class of conjugate gradient methods which ensures sufficient descent. Moreover, we propose a new search direction with the Wolfe line search technique for solving unconstrained optimization problems, a global convergence result for general functions is established provided that the line search satisfies the Wolfe conditions. Our numerical experiments indicate that our proposed methods are preferable and in general superior to the classical conjugate gradient methods in terms of efficiency and robustness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconstrained%20optimization" title="unconstrained optimization">unconstrained optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conjugate%20gradient%20method" title=" conjugate gradient method"> conjugate gradient method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sufficient%20descent%20property" title=" sufficient descent property"> sufficient descent property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20comparisons" title=" numerical comparisons"> numerical comparisons</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41725/a-new-class-of-conjugate-gradient-methods-based-on-a-modified-search-direction-for-unconstrained-optimization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41725.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">774</span> Novel Technique for calculating Surface Potential Gradient of Overhead Line Conductors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sudip%20Sudhir%20Godbole">Sudip Sudhir Godbole</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In transmission line surface potential gradient is a critical design parameter for planning overhead line, as it determines the level of corona loss (CL), radio interference (RI) and audible noise (AN).With increase of transmission line voltage level bulk power transfer is possible, using bundle conductor configuration used, it is more complex to find accurate surface stress in bundle configuration. The majority of existing models for surface gradient calculations are based on analytical methods which restrict their application in simulating complex surface geometry. This paper proposes a novel technique which utilizes both analytical and numerical procedure to predict the surface gradient. One of 400 kV transmission line configurations has been selected as an example to compare the results for different methods. The different strand shapes are a key variable in determining. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20gradient" title="surface gradient">surface gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maxwell%20potential%20coefficient%20method" title=" Maxwell potential coefficient method"> Maxwell potential coefficient method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=market%20and%20Mengele%E2%80%99s%20method" title=" market and Mengele’s method"> market and Mengele’s method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=successive%20images%20method" title=" successive images method"> successive images method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge%20simulation%20method" title=" charge simulation method"> charge simulation method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method "> finite element method </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15407/novel-technique-for-calculating-surface-potential-gradient-of-overhead-line-conductors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15407.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">538</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">773</span> Immune Disregulation in Inflammatory Skin Diseases with Comorbid Metabolic Disorders</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roman%20Khanferyan">Roman Khanferyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Levon%20Gevorkyan"> Levon Gevorkyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Radysh"> Ivan Radysh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Skin barrier dysfunction induces multiple inflammatory skin diseases. Epidemiological studies clearly support the link between most dermatological pathologies, immune disorders and metabolic disorders. Among them most common are psoriasis (PS) and Atopic dermatitis (AD). Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease that affects 1.5 to 3.0% of the world's population. Comorbid metabolic disorders play an important role in the progression of PS and AD, as well. It is well known that PS, AD and overweight/obesity are associated with common pathophysiological mechanisms of mild chronic inflammation. The goal of the study was to study the immune disturbances in patients with PS, AD and comorbid metabolic disorders. To study the prevalence of comorbidity of PS and AD (data from 1406 patient’s histories of diseases) were analyzed. The severity of the disease is assessed using the PASI index (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index). 59 patients with psoriasis of different localizations of lesions and severity, as well as with different body mass index (BMI), were examined. The determination of the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IFNγ, IL-17, L-18 and TNFa) and chemokines (RANTES, IP-10, MCP-1 and Eotaxin) in sera and supernatants of 48h-cultivated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) of psoriasis patients and healthy volunteers (36 adults) have been carried out by multiplex assay (Luminex Corporation, USA). It has been demonstrated that 42% of PS patients had comorbidity with different types of atopies. The most common was bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. At the same time, the prevalence of AD in PS patients was determined in 8.7% of patients. It has been shown that serum levels of all studied cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IFNγ, IL-17, L-18 and TNF) in most of the studied patients were higher in PS patients than in those with AD and healthy controls (p<0.05). An in vitro synthesis of the IL-6 and IFNγ by PBMC demonstrated similar results to those determined in blood sera. There was a high correlation between BMI, immune mediators and the concentrations of adipokines and chemokines (p<0.05). The concentrations of Leptin and Resistin in obese psoriatic patients were greater by 28.6% and 17%, respectively, compared to non-obese psoriatic patients. In obese patients with psoriasis the serum levels of adiponectin were decreased up to 1.3-fold. The mean serum RANTES, IP-10, MCP-1, EOTAXIN levels in obese psoriatic patients were decreased by up to 13.1%, 21.9%, 40.4% and 28.2%, respectively. Similar results have been demonstrated in AD patients with comorbid overweight and obesity. Thus, the study demonstrated the important role of cytokines and chemokines dysregulation in inflammatory skin diseases, especially in patients with comorbid obesity and overweight. Metabolic disorders promote the severity of PS and AD, highly increase immune dysregulation, and synthesis of adipokines, which correlates with the production of proinflammatory immune mediators in comorbid obesity and overweight. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psoriasis" title="psoriasis">psoriasis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atopic%20dermatitis" title=" atopic dermatitis"> atopic dermatitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pro-inflammatory%20cytokines" title=" pro-inflammatory cytokines"> pro-inflammatory cytokines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemokines" title=" chemokines"> chemokines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comorbid%20obesity" title=" comorbid obesity"> comorbid obesity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186477/immune-disregulation-in-inflammatory-skin-diseases-with-comorbid-metabolic-disorders" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186477.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">35</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">772</span> Non-Signaling Chemokine Receptor CCRL1 and Its Active Counterpart CCR7 in Prostate Cancer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yiding%20Qu">Yiding Qu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Svetlana%20V.%20Komarova"> Svetlana V. Komarova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chemokines acting through their cognate chemokine receptors guide the directional migration of the cell along the chemokine gradient. Several chemokine receptors were recently identified as non-signaling (decoy), based on their ability to bind the chemokine but produce no measurable signal in the cell. The function of these decoy receptors is not well understood. We examined the expression of a decoy receptor CCRL1 and a signaling receptor that binds to the same ligands, CCR7, in prostate cancer using publically available microarray data (www.oncomine.org). The expression of both CCRL1 and CCR7 increased in an approximately half of prostate carcinoma samples and the majority of metastatic cancer samples compared to normal prostate. Moreover, the expression of CCRL1 positively correlated with the expression of CCR7. These data suggest that CCR7 and CCRL1 can be used as clinical markers for the early detection of transformation from carcinoma to metastatic cancer. In addition, these data support our hypothesis that the non-signaling chemokine receptors actively stimulate cell migration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioinformatics" title="bioinformatics">bioinformatics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20migration" title=" cell migration"> cell migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decoy%20receptor" title=" decoy receptor"> decoy receptor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meta-analysis" title=" meta-analysis"> meta-analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prostate%20cancer" title=" prostate cancer"> prostate cancer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23226/non-signaling-chemokine-receptor-ccrl1-and-its-active-counterpart-ccr7-in-prostate-cancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23226.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">469</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">771</span> Movement of Metallic Inclusions in the Volume of Synthetic Diamonds at High Pressure and High Temperature in the Temperature Gradient Field</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20I.%20Yachevskaya">P. I. Yachevskaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Terentiev"> S. A. Terentiev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Kuznetsov"> M. S. Kuznetsov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Several synthetic HPHT diamonds with metal inclusions have been studied. To have possibility of investigate the movement and transformation of the inclusions in the volume of the diamond the samples parallele-piped like shape has been made out of diamond crystals. The calculated value of temperature gradient in the samples of diamond which was placed in high-pressure cell was about 5-10 grad/mm. Duration of the experiments was in range 2-16 hours. All samples were treated several times. It has been found that the volume (dimensions) of inclusions, temperature, temperature gradient and the crystallographic orientation of the samples in the temperature field affects the movement speed of inclusions. Maximum speed of inclusions’ movement reached a value 150 µm/h. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diamond" title="diamond">diamond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclusions" title=" inclusions"> inclusions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature%20gradient" title=" temperature gradient"> temperature gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HPHT" title=" HPHT"> HPHT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19108/movement-of-metallic-inclusions-in-the-volume-of-synthetic-diamonds-at-high-pressure-and-high-temperature-in-the-temperature-gradient-field" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19108.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">510</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">770</span> Identification of Wiener Model Using Iterative Schemes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vikram%20Saini">Vikram Saini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lillie%20Dewan"> Lillie Dewan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the iterative schemes based on Least square, Hierarchical Least Square and Stochastic Approximation Gradient method for the Identification of Wiener model with parametric structure. A gradient method is presented for the parameter estimation of wiener model with noise conditions based on the stochastic approximation. Simulation results are presented for the Wiener model structure with different static non-linear elements in the presence of colored noise to show the comparative analysis of the iterative methods. The stochastic gradient method shows improvement in the estimation performance and provides fast convergence of the parameters estimates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hard%20non-linearity" title="hard non-linearity">hard non-linearity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=least%20square" title=" least square"> least square</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parameter%20estimation" title=" parameter estimation"> parameter estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stochastic%20approximation%20gradient" title=" stochastic approximation gradient"> stochastic approximation gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wiener%20model" title=" Wiener model"> Wiener model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70632/identification-of-wiener-model-using-iterative-schemes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70632.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">769</span> A Simple Heat and Mass Transfer Model for Salt Gradient Solar Ponds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safwan%20Kanan">Safwan Kanan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonathan%20Dewsbury"> Jonathan Dewsbury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gregory%20Lane-Serff"> Gregory Lane-Serff</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A salinity gradient solar pond is a free energy source system for collecting, converting and storing solar energy as heat. In this paper, the principles of solar pond are explained. A mathematical model is developed to describe and simulate heat and mass transfer behavior of salinity gradient solar pond. Matlab codes are programmed to solve the one dimensional finite difference method for heat and mass transfer equations. Temperature profiles and concentration distributions are calculated. The numerical results are validated with experimental data and the results are found to be in good agreement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20difference%20method" title="finite difference method">finite difference method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt-gradient%20solar-pond" title=" salt-gradient solar-pond"> salt-gradient solar-pond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy" title=" solar energy"> solar energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20heat%20and%20mass%20transfer" title=" transient heat and mass transfer"> transient heat and mass transfer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2480/a-simple-heat-and-mass-transfer-model-for-salt-gradient-solar-ponds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2480.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">371</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">768</span> A Cellular Automaton Model Examining the Effects of Oxygen, Hydrogen Ions, and Lactate on Early Tumour Growth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maymona%20Al-Husari">Maymona Al-Husari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Craig%20Murdoch"> Craig Murdoch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steven%20Webb"> Steven Webb </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Some tumors are known to exhibit an extracellular pH that is more acidic than the intracellular, creating a 'reversed pH gradient' across the cell membrane and this has been shown to affect their invasive and metastatic potential. Tumour hypoxia also plays an important role in tumour development and has been directly linked to both tumour morphology and aggressiveness. In this paper, we present a hybrid mathematical model of intracellular pH regulation that examines the effect of oxygen and pH on tumour growth and morphology. In particular, we investigate the impact of pH regulatory mechanisms on the cellular pH gradient and tumour morphology. Analysis of the model shows that: low activity of the Na+/H+ exchanger or a high rate of anaerobic glycolysis can give rise to a 'fingering' tumour morphology; and a high activity of the lactate/H+ symporter can result in a reversed transmembrane pH gradient across a large portion of the tumour mass. Also, the reversed pH gradient is spatially heterogenous within the tumour, with a normal pH gradient observed within an intermediate growth layer, that is the layer between the proliferative inner and outermost layer of the tumour. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acidic%20pH" title="acidic pH">acidic pH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20automaton" title=" cellular automaton"> cellular automaton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ebola" title=" ebola"> ebola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumour%20growth" title=" tumour growth"> tumour growth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41359/a-cellular-automaton-model-examining-the-effects-of-oxygen-hydrogen-ions-and-lactate-on-early-tumour-growth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41359.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">767</span> Comparison between XGBoost, LightGBM and CatBoost Using a Home Credit Dataset</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Essam%20Al%20Daoud">Essam Al Daoud</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gradient boosting methods have been proven to be a very important strategy. Many successful machine learning solutions were developed using the XGBoost and its derivatives. The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the efficiency of three gradient methods. Home credit dataset is used in this work which contains 219 features and 356251 records. However, new features are generated and several techniques are used to rank and select the best features. The implementation indicates that the LightGBM is faster and more accurate than CatBoost and XGBoost using variant number of features and records. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gradient%20boosting" title="gradient boosting">gradient boosting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XGBoost" title=" XGBoost"> XGBoost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LightGBM" title=" LightGBM"> LightGBM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CatBoost" title=" CatBoost"> CatBoost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=home%20credit" title=" home credit"> home credit</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104573/comparison-between-xgboost-lightgbm-and-catboost-using-a-home-credit-dataset" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104573.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">766</span> Yield Onset of Thermo-Mechanical Loading of FGM Thick Walled Cylindrical Pressure Vessels</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ansari%20Sadrabadi">S. Ansari Sadrabadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20H.%20Rahimi"> G. H. Rahimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, thick walled Cylindrical tanks or tubes made of functionally graded material under internal pressure and temperature gradient are studied. Material parameters have been considered as power functions. They play important role in the elastoplastic behavior of these materials. To clarify their role, different materials with different parameters have been used under temperature gradient. Finally, their effect and loading effect have been determined in first yield point. Also, the important role of temperature gradient was also shown. At the end the study has been results obtained from changes in the elastic modulus and yield stress. Also special attention is also given to the effects of this internal pressure and temperature gradient in the creation of tensile and compressive stresses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FGM" title="FGM">FGM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cylindrical%20pressure%20tubes" title=" cylindrical pressure tubes"> cylindrical pressure tubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20deformation%20theory" title=" small deformation theory"> small deformation theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield%20onset" title=" yield onset"> yield onset</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20loading" title=" thermal loading"> thermal loading</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10627/yield-onset-of-thermo-mechanical-loading-of-fgm-thick-walled-cylindrical-pressure-vessels" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10627.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">765</span> Solar Pond: Some Issues in Their Management and Mathematical Description</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20A.%20Abdullah">A. A. Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20A.%20Lindsay"> K. A. Lindsay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The management of a salt-gradient is investigated with respect to the interaction between the solar pond and its associated evaporation pond. Issues considered are the impact of precipitation and the operation of the flushing system with particular reference to the case in which the flushing fluid is pure water. Results suggest that a management strategy based on a flushing system that simply replaces evaporation losses of water from the solar pond and evaporation pond will be optimally efficient. Such a management strategy will maintain the operational viability of a salt-gradient solar pond as a reservoir of cheap heat while simultaneously ensuring that the associated evaporation pond can feed the storage zone of the solar pond with sufficient saturated brine to balance the effect of salt diffusion. Other findings are, first, that once near saturation is achieved in the evaporation pond, the efficacy of the proposed management strategy is relatively insensitive to both the size of the evaporation pond or its depth, and second, small changes in the extraction of heat from the storage zone of a salt-gradient solar pond have an amplified effect on the temperature of that zone. The possibility of boiling of the storage zone cannot be ignored in a well-configured salt-gradient solar pond. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aqueous%20sodium%20chloride" title="aqueous sodium chloride">aqueous sodium chloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitutive%20expression" title=" constitutive expression"> constitutive expression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20pond" title=" solar pond"> solar pond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salt-gradient" title=" salt-gradient"> salt-gradient</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42081/solar-pond-some-issues-in-their-management-and-mathematical-description" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42081.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">764</span> An Image Segmentation Algorithm for Gradient Target Based on Mean-Shift and Dictionary Learning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanwen%20Li">Yanwen Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuguo%20Xie"> Shuguo Xie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In electromagnetic imaging, because of the diffraction limited system, the pixel values could change slowly near the edge of the image targets and they also change with the location in the same target. Using traditional digital image segmentation methods to segment electromagnetic gradient images could result in lots of errors because of this change in pixel values. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel image segmentation and extraction algorithm based on Mean-Shift and dictionary learning. Firstly, the preliminary segmentation results from adaptive bandwidth Mean-Shift algorithm are expanded, merged and extracted. Then the overlap rate of the extracted image block is detected before determining a segmentation region with a single complete target. Last, the gradient edge of the extracted targets is recovered and reconstructed by using a dictionary-learning algorithm, while the final segmentation results are obtained which are very close to the gradient target in the original image. Both the experimental results and the simulated results show that the segmentation results are very accurate. The Dice coefficients are improved by 70% to 80% compared with the Mean-Shift only method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gradient%20image" title="gradient image">gradient image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=segmentation%20and%20extract" title=" segmentation and extract"> segmentation and extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mean-shift%20algorithm" title=" mean-shift algorithm"> mean-shift algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dictionary%20iearning" title=" dictionary iearning"> dictionary iearning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74979/an-image-segmentation-algorithm-for-gradient-target-based-on-mean-shift-and-dictionary-learning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74979.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">763</span> On the Algorithmic Iterative Solutions of Conjugate Gradient, Gauss-Seidel and Jacobi Methods for Solving Systems of Linear Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussaini%20Doko%20Ibrahim">Hussaini Doko Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamilton%20Cyprian%20Chinwenyi"> Hamilton Cyprian Chinwenyi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henrietta%20Nkem%20Ude"> Henrietta Nkem Ude</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, efforts were made to examine and compare the algorithmic iterative solutions of the conjugate gradient method as against other methods such as Gauss-Seidel and Jacobi approaches for solving systems of linear equations of the form Ax=b, where A is a real n×n symmetric and positive definite matrix. We performed algorithmic iterative steps and obtained analytical solutions of a typical 3×3 symmetric and positive definite matrix using the three methods described in this paper (Gauss-Seidel, Jacobi, and conjugate gradient methods), respectively. From the results obtained, we discovered that the conjugate gradient method converges faster to exact solutions in fewer iterative steps than the two other methods, which took many iterations, much time, and kept tending to the exact solutions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conjugate%20gradient" title="conjugate gradient">conjugate gradient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20equations" title=" linear equations"> linear equations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symmetric%20and%20positive%20definite%20matrix" title=" symmetric and positive definite matrix"> symmetric and positive definite matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gauss-seidel" title=" gauss-seidel"> gauss-seidel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jacobi" title=" Jacobi"> Jacobi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algorithm" title=" algorithm"> algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138341/on-the-algorithmic-iterative-solutions-of-conjugate-gradient-gauss-seidel-and-jacobi-methods-for-solving-systems-of-linear-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138341.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">762</span> Variable-Fidelity Surrogate Modelling with Kriging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selvakumar%20Ulaganathan">Selvakumar Ulaganathan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivo%20Couckuyt"> Ivo Couckuyt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francesco%20Ferranti"> Francesco Ferranti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tom%20Dhaene"> Tom Dhaene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eric%20Laermans"> Eric Laermans</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Variable-fidelity surrogate modelling offers an efficient way to approximate function data available in multiple degrees of accuracy each with varying computational cost. In this paper, a Kriging-based variable-fidelity surrogate modelling approach is introduced to approximate such deterministic data. Initially, individual Kriging surrogate models, which are enhanced with gradient data of different degrees of accuracy, are constructed. Then these Gradient enhanced Kriging surrogate models are strategically coupled using a recursive CoKriging formulation to provide an accurate surrogate model for the highest fidelity data. While, intuitively, gradient data is useful to enhance the accuracy of surrogate models, the primary motivation behind this work is to investigate if it is also worthwhile incorporating gradient data of varying degrees of accuracy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kriging" title="Kriging">Kriging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CoKriging" title=" CoKriging"> CoKriging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surrogate%20modelling" title=" Surrogate modelling"> Surrogate modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Variable-%20fidelity%20modelling" title=" Variable- fidelity modelling"> Variable- fidelity modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gradients" title=" Gradients"> Gradients</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19031/variable-fidelity-surrogate-modelling-with-kriging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19031.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">558</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemokines%20gradient&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemokines%20gradient&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemokines%20gradient&page=4">4</a></li> <li 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