CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91347c222a274d9f',cH: 'pbzfBbfIRZYhzD4F9Vl09nUFj7_RCCnVDZb6KVibTgE-1739781755-1.2.1.1-laiuVmBxthPNJAsinlyXxEgktse_XDo2sd4x7sypGTs8nCro8ty_VmVVoB5qqff.',cUPMDTk: "\/3981\/xml?__cf_chl_tk=riS3FZkg7AsCA73PhYtAQvdexBjaSNnaKBiIC48WHMk-1739781755-1.0.1.1-9a_U7rur5WMxBDWD1aTA2Bp7CebBl9QZUtyHi.aaieM",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739781755',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/3981\/xml?__cf_chl_f_tk=riS3FZkg7AsCA73PhYtAQvdexBjaSNnaKBiIC48WHMk-1739781755-1.0.1.1-9a_U7rur5WMxBDWD1aTA2Bp7CebBl9QZUtyHi.aaieM",md: "aDEfPJaGHpdMujNRYjqAvOv1noh_1.lrFx6jGNG_zkw-1739781755-1.2.1.1-n8jpMXzNpNheBgwjTJLlvJT4_tTHAV3XUyjykHdGvOIDZKrRYNB9kijqcNcZQKlqfvIkb7XkuUvIFHEjSX_uOvE9ixvyj0ScXtHE6lLQamNaDK06N1ySmzfakDFAYWowT5j2ZtS8obkuI_VlEKObAoSs.SdJod7bRm6z.1zyZbDc2eIbg05FNPL0QTlUsMQQN6Ealw..Ti2SeBncGvW8FQgwF3YPeg6TIOytsuRitN0AM7bf.9JcQ7r1u8SFl8om.Ipb0LHAdu_n4d5lS1FCSe16WatfgNzOD2.Kf1VrCtepemIpDV6HtdqIsxmRR3jHp2OBrbtUm_TDAq8ZYFmG8iJxjJTXbkQ89Zx9KlEo8SezfO5OxvTFpqgC_Tx9uAEBJzMfXI7.c6jerkhnBtcqKUlnPYs0B8tBmW4LR8m8eviGLBzbAdmkjecOIlc1VOlbF8ABA7P4jUf7AeIKKadrsIDAGod7w1ypktnktRmo1CBP6GugMrN4Jgn1WGJkNrWtvGZAXzEUJyFRVMNRINrfOpu9P8rEImJM3ist9vCsF0h11y05qa.ibZ2W4KAvz39zguGuU01t3IbwtbfcJMsfzEAEqVJiWIHXyPqozQKfr6OEsWLsc1GWLDbDJSwK3Xh76QiLCP.8gr7lr_79Q5wk.YdTKxCnxtSI33zEM1XqaxnZwnfvVMce.eimTwgB1qswa95bzUoApdqCZZo0p9Fir.A8gNBGZnTOWjtTnzRfK0zmmuQWm1PXlsM1164bCyywRaEV.h84rS8sUONsuHn20lNkRuHXivqKlt2EN7xGPnm9X7kHEHDBeSi5VnYp5wLZYaQG7_IVV.q_gziV52S7Kc4wnbttIeVMwGcPSnTiaAQ6QmX5vQU.BCs4sqvmOeHX.IIno7h_PThuvFWObLxrY8BOc31Q.opm938rfniu6FpvftWI3JXRDWzFWODFgGEV6quMdKXe0xqQWtKqLjNapfk6M3LYo8JeqVRynl2fFxrdaYrHr3UR7hVOq7JfR6wXyjEcRRqk0hpzaIwfD7RndbboQmnvBhVOZ_dQiUQQZn1FNXvryZRQGXFZdVMOlGLsob4LdMfupHGue6TdPMSitdoncraIhfNcS3qAQ8pHvGKhEHNKDlXJsV_8ZN5FWdsqVrGtHaMrew_iTd4YJdknDLUY3NVkwXVb9xCBgOoBOpPvaA80URdnHHPVzjzkvFrxNtyymGYh7L4f4dTGO9b9Zf1.vZ8oZVRod5Kz8n9itM33NgNNRe2rVteJWDSuQo53_6RA5G5li_18eYZQP6GHhKO_GicsZNwLx8XLKGVPfROImeEITLsyoVq8ShJPKeK5YZs31HYBQYoZRmUn5UiyEKGgKsil5oCM4j_f.sZwPxvKAPN_sDsOb8EiPrh7LB2DaLckMGoJ2sBGFcfM_XVLzQ3IAH0KNG.hrI1LHoiUjk5oEI3ASFD3XSK8P_dJJ03G1tpuD_ZLNpGT1kuEbq3f3BMyG6ShXhEdGtQCVTs3cLJ2ZeWB45ztsw0PLyN6L.SNzWH2OI3j86XeqkluGscO2dMeQ93Qh_AQ42CYCnWSnLLxlBA2tGlwAyASAIk0OdKasS52ATxWZS7TEldEe6xfu68zCmMqf3v3.bQ4zXS266w.nRJsAxC02QvLk7kk_VYNtIU2m3VBjTXHi4hAxWRhn3ETs9E9CTwW.bqKRXSRCsJhLoJEgsg69motkdsmepwYMB6kqyGXKlOaYHohP9D1xNYWnOwg9nXwO6B1tfwgWn7GjOP20lQ0xmEJXwgwGW.P_hRtDO4Q7vLr1HbBC459kU8oQFcFLbu5uKyVOCqcLQTx.I8F1RQQHYb00k0Ew0ZXngoxCaFgiNpdundC7SwFNQ",mdrd: "5U9Nv0iADJ2l04xeD7nZLXPoJvI5JAfijITJGCaPcu0-1739781755-1.2.1.1-cLJlF4J0qAANAQRTmUy7sTiStfpXSrw9IS6Y.YBXiKOuPFsQ.CD0h8_joLRZOiNsyJyJPT9ehE0b2Ll6UB14AA5LgwbgLxafhgrr5VGOXGKevi367iriYu4ZMlTNUJmyZqTb3UZifuodbLZPylbXOvUHkg1_jJrV7E_Q5xglfQOBk9vcHCZ3lSH6wAioE6WXzV25DKZb2dqzOlbnhBRxGCNXDfgHE2226iTm7EyEjW9UZxUcda.MYZdKD62AWuxVmHhDuMTo1hcdIXADmX1TPlUh6b.C_NQkw45Aj_1apF4oaedLA.Karauu0.6g3IESotMhKnjpfbox8lomkf1N1f9s9NwYI5z96eWj.SbEBdrZXuUXmzeLnWRQipViXjW0i4zgD9XYsRp55GrFwllX5YUroUbrFVgMgA.sRJ8tMXnJWop4UUZbHDbO90IJwUF.x2m9up_1GKUqwMIBjN9xdL2GWOiz818fGgUiyAIi9_3RPG9IeFkRh1diXebW.T1Z9hfmH5cQbqD69C1UvyC4WrAYSV0opoeSIkJItf7eT5JPaHjCHAoSduxkFhSSJHannkoGMSMfTYnGoyzMYmuum4Hk5370FjfZ8A2hcujXAcOeXSP8XWKkUScscmwq94Kog8DBYsZcrnm9JQd2ZP__ifaR1IXNu5ezvLRrtBQF5LX131vFAlDgOIRKuxjZPLm0dFf.Qykmb0ZMGnvLB_adcaZzWbE2CeYp1x01aSklLaurzs643edHPp5lqWWz_KehwCYrm93HqD5rvIxoPqfjmIqhFRDJ8q4x4gqBVAOUwe1a6OlWWwpCltQ0FxuxLHaBfEnz5q3tFDC3WIRBNVtrHMmrFOI_m8exM9cfS8WkNgxPDqzkPXHHWVskVjVv41pR5ddNuVWMJLGwFqmUrUxKNqbQLKhIOxLOc3dvVJJzN1hY6j.PjYlCi2IIcCpPYbLV9huj7NJE9pyaRvAzkmLAakkkg5wqE7Bo6u.nvt1Ojwiy6cE3iQ3kU3fyCQ94TU4N7ecbaCMWdmrB5UKlAhpzbR4aSNbmyj7EN2s6AAhRM7ac6MHv2H603f85O6DbpTqo4ukZluqqmFA5nOPp3OzdjyCBGeBli_B0t5_7Ul9DoOPeiRng4IFDTSGgaPoKWHxojqEPofuiex4SoRE08X3gDHea6t17VmXUqXwBdqMtjaukWkS82Ef1XcTJJAuGDeGuHVU_lrWqREpfYxivMMFp8x8mbsEu5_Gq.QGpIBPRSmxsGZISx90iMetbSqMEOBW_S.9x26.CiZi0QzPPcEFQFr6yjQD0OPRckfVGl007SRdJGZhGjjZh.nCfArE5_MqAg0QbqjdJqRmvVBXH41GD5qYniRMH0aVb.LSt9vyGSJ0vILs3htjDXwFl8xfVxspIpmZeXyl1vM1jt6.b9W5xuBrHABPxno0MjslR9oZtrE2uX1ijBt.rd.ABe4jMsEOCOFVluR61BmQRzGqLBm848LAURxutEU1GsCN8Jv1WI8vpBaaR.PtniGtN_rbQvJiMCsAELA1EYi3TDI5sq5yG4Hlsn7EWaWF7xE0nMmMb_hqT2l2T6N6k2Vve8HrKeNlyq.6BBIxhjsQMudA6jokxz0rirdckNtl3Vjpl0M_UA9vI.j0zewxWV0TjG5yWnD1XDlUD1TDQ23h0pKRf78rqsd3KMmKLismjrgFnHQZsPeiP7VeqWiOVcfl0._wRefUtCZgivoKoofylfP69rQl55MZ.LoOcNXnUn_ogwxu_X_WFbbiz0TWEqkqf7C02ODSfCzST8h9G.cCf04Xl0ohHezu9tpmh_6j_UngAHlwJnJt4j5JVPB_Pyde.jgI65qp9MfF2yOHhHklRvME3XdzA5KQQtcGuLl.1UuZxgIUHeckiED6yP1vI6rM9wLXE_0dvgZsaZEvudgbVpa1t6mRYS_wSkY.ZS6c0tQ.aItuROoMqNski5BMUYhPPnrHqbu5UefUuFe6EgV41SpT8jLm81Q"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91347c222a274d9f';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/3981\/xml?__cf_chl_rt_tk=riS3FZkg7AsCA73PhYtAQvdexBjaSNnaKBiIC48WHMk-1739781755-1.0.1.1-9a_U7rur5WMxBDWD1aTA2Bp7CebBl9QZUtyHi.aaieM" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>