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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Antiquity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Archaeology_and_inscriptions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeology_and_inscriptions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Archaeology and inscriptions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archaeology_and_inscriptions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_medieval_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_medieval_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Early medieval period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_medieval_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mughal_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mughal_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Mughal rule </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mughal_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nawabs_of_Awadh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nawabs_of_Awadh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Nawabs of Awadh </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nawabs_of_Awadh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 British rule </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Cityscape </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Triveni_Sangam_and_Ghats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Triveni_Sangam_and_Ghats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Triveni Sangam and Ghats </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Triveni_Sangam_and_Ghats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Topography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Topography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biodiversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.5 Biodiversity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Demographics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Administration and politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administration_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Administration and politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Administration_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 General administration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Police_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Police_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Police administration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Police_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure_and_civic_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure_and_civic_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Infrastructure and civic administration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure_and_civic_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Central_government_offices/organisations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Central_government_offices/organisations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Central government offices/organisations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Central_government_offices/organisations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation_and_utilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation_and_utilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Transportation and utilities </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation_and_utilities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transportation and utilities subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation_and_utilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Air </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Railways </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Roads </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Public health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Smart_city_project" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Smart_city_project"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Smart city project </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Smart_city_project-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entertainment_and_recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entertainment_and_recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Entertainment and recreation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entertainment_and_recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notable people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Prayagraj</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 96 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-96" aria-hidden="true" > 96 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Prayagraj" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="الله آباد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الله آباد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C" title="প্ৰয়াগৰাজ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="প্ৰয়াগৰাজ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="प्रयागराज – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="प्रयागराज" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allahabad" title="Allahabad – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Allahabad" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF_(%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="الله‌آباد (هیندوستان) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="الله‌آباد (هیندوستان)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C" title="প্রয়াগরাজ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রয়াগরাজ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj_(si%C3%A2%E2%81%BF)" title="Prayagraj (siâⁿ) – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Prayagraj (siâⁿ)" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Праяградж – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Праяградж" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="इलाहाबाद – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इलाहाबाद" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Праяградж – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Праяградж" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Prayagraj" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Prayagraj" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pray%C4%81gr%C4%81j" title="Prayāgrāj – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Prayāgrāj" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praj%C3%A1gr%C3%A1d%C5%BE" title="Prajágrádž – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Prajágrádž" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Prayagraj" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Prayagraj" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Prayagraj" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praj%C4%81ga" title="Prajāga – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Prajāga" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B6" title="Πραγιαγκράτζ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πραγιαγκράτζ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Prayagraj" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prajagra%C4%9Do" title="Prajagraĝo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Prajagraĝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Prayagraj" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="پریاگراج – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پریاگراج" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Prayagraj" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Prayagraj" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allahabad" title="Allahabad – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Allahabad" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Prayagraj" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Prayagraj" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%9C" title="પ્રયાગરાજ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પ્રયાગરાજ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Prayagraj" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9D%BC%EC%95%BC%EA%B7%B8%EB%9D%BC%EC%A7%80" title="프라야그라지 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프라야그라지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%A4" title="Իլահաբադ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իլահաբադ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="प्रयागराज – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रयागराज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Prayagraj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C" title="প্রয়াগরাজ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="প্রয়াগরাজ" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Prayagraj" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Праяградж – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Праяградж" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Prayagraj" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%90%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%92%27" title="פריאגראג' – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פריאגראג'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%8D" title="ಪ್ರಯಾಗ್ ರಾಜ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪ್ರಯಾಗ್ ರಾಜ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Prayagraj" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ალაჰაბადი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ალაჰაბადი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Prayagraj" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Prayagraj" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Prayagraj" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praj%C4%81gr%C4%81d%C5%BEa" title="Prajāgrādža – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Prajāgrādža" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prajagrad%C5%BEas" title="Prajagradžas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Prajagradžas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praj%C3%A1gr%C3%A1dzs" title="Prajágrádzs – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Prajágrádzs" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="प्रयागराज – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="प्रयागराज" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Prayagraj" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D" title="പ്രയാഗ്രാജ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പ്രയാഗ്രാജ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="प्रयागराज – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="प्रयागराज" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ალაჰაბადი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ალაჰაბადი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="مدينه الله اباد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مدينه الله اباد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Prayagraj" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj,_Prayagraj,_M.Corp" title="Prayagraj, Prayagraj, M.Corp – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Prayagraj, Prayagraj, M.Corp" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6" title="Праяграж – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Праяграж" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj_(stad)" title="Prayagraj (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Prayagraj (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="प्रयागराज – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="प्रयागराज" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C" title="प्रयागराज – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="प्रयागराज" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A4%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8" title="プラヤーグラージ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プラヤーグラージ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Праяградж – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Праяградж" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Prayagraj" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Prayagraj" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A6" title="ଆଲାହାବାଦ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆଲାହାବାଦ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prajagraj" title="Prajagraj – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Prajagraj" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AF%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C" title="ਪ੍ਰਯਾਗਰਾਜ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪ੍ਰਯਾਗਰਾਜ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%81_%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="الہ آباد – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="الہ آباد" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="اله اباد – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اله اباد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prajagrad%C5%BA" title="Prajagradź – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Prajagradź" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraje" title="Prayagraje – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Prayagraje" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prajagradj" title="Prajagradj – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Prajagradj" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Праяградж – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Праяградж" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C:" title="प्रयागराज: – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="प्रयागराज:" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%BD%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%BD" title="ᱯᱨᱚᱭᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟᱡᱽ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱯᱨᱚᱭᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟᱡᱽ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%B0%DB%81_%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="الٰہ آباد – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="الٰہ آباد" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Prayagraj" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Prayagraj" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prajagrad%C5%BA" title="Prajagradź – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Prajagradź" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%98" title="Прајаграј – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Прајаграј" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prajagrad%C5%BE" title="Prajagradž – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Prajagradž" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Prayagraj" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Prayagraj" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%8D" title="பிரயாக்ராஜ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பிரயாக்ராஜ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%97" title="Праяграҗ – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Праяграҗ" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D" title="ప్రయాగ్‌రాజ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ప్రయాగ్‌రాజ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94" title="อลาหาบาด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อลาหาบาด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Prayagraj" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6" title="Праяградж – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Праяградж" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%B0%DB%81_%D8%A2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="الٰہ آباد – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="الٰہ آباد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Prayagraj" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected until December 20, 2024 at 18:44 UTC."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Allahabad&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad">Allahabad</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Metropolis in Uttar Pradesh, India</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Allahabad" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Prayagraj_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Prayagraj (disambiguation)">Prayagraj (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Allahabad_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Allahabad (disambiguation)">Allahabad (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Metropolis in Uttar Pradesh, India</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Prayagraj</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Allahabad</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">Metropolis</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:Allahabad_Montage_II_Dec_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Clockwise from top left: All Saints Cathedral, Khusro Bagh, the Allahabad High Court, the New Yamuna Bridge near Sangam, the skyline of Civil Lines, the University of Allahabad, Thornhill Mayne Memorial at Chandrashekhar Azad Park and Anand Bhavan"><img alt="Clockwise from top left: All Saints Cathedral, Khusro Bagh, the Allahabad High Court, the New Yamuna Bridge near Sangam, the skyline of Civil Lines, the University of Allahabad, Thornhill Mayne Memorial at Chandrashekhar Azad Park and Anand Bhavan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Allahabad_Montage_II_Dec_2014.jpg/295px-Allahabad_Montage_II_Dec_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="295" height="393" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Allahabad_Montage_II_Dec_2014.jpg/443px-Allahabad_Montage_II_Dec_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Allahabad_Montage_II_Dec_2014.jpg/590px-Allahabad_Montage_II_Dec_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="2730" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Clockwise from top left: <a href="/wiki/All_Saints_Cathedral,_Allahabad" class="mw-redirect" title="All Saints Cathedral, Allahabad">All Saints Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khusro_Bagh" title="Khusro Bagh">Khusro Bagh</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Allahabad_High_Court" title="Allahabad High Court">Allahabad High Court</a>, the <a href="/wiki/New_Yamuna_Bridge,_Allahabad" class="mw-redirect" title="New Yamuna Bridge, Allahabad">New Yamuna Bridge</a> near <a href="/wiki/Triveni_Sangam#Triveni_Sangam_in_Allahabad" title="Triveni Sangam">Sangam</a>, the skyline of <a href="/wiki/Civil_Lines,_Allahabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Lines, Allahabad">Civil Lines</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Allahabad" title="University of Allahabad">University of Allahabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thornhill_Mayne_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Thornhill Mayne Memorial">Thornhill Mayne Memorial</a> at <a href="/wiki/Chandrashekhar_Azad_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandrashekhar Azad Park">Chandrashekhar Azad Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anand_Bhavan" title="Anand Bhavan">Anand Bhavan</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Etymology: King of the Prayagas</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nicknames: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">The <a href="/wiki/Triveni_Sangam#Triveni_Sangam_in_Allahabad" title="Triveni Sangam">Sangam</a> City<a href="#cite_note-sangam-1">[1]</a> and City of Prime Ministers<a href="#cite_note-prime-2">[2]</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:India_Uttar_Pradesh_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Prayagraj is located in Uttar Pradesh"><img alt="Prayagraj is located in Uttar Pradesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/India_Uttar_Pradesh_location_map.svg/250px-India_Uttar_Pradesh_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/India_Uttar_Pradesh_location_map.svg/375px-India_Uttar_Pradesh_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/India_Uttar_Pradesh_location_map.svg/500px-India_Uttar_Pradesh_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1006" data-file-height="981" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:75.585%;left:62.94%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Prayagraj" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Prayagraj</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Prayagraj in <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></div>Show map of Uttar Pradesh</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:India_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Prayagraj is located in India"><img alt="Prayagraj is located in India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/250px-India_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/375px-India_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/500px-India_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1615" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.121%;left:46.395%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Prayagraj" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Prayagraj</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Prayagraj (India)</div>Show map of India</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Prayagraj&params=25_26_09_N_81_50_47_E_type:city(1536218)_region:IN-UP">25°26′09″N 81°50′47″E / 25.43583°N 81.84639°E / 25.43583; 81.84639</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Uttar_Pradesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Uttar_Pradesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Uttar_Pradesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Uttar_Pradesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Uttar_Pradesh.svg/45px-Flag_of_Uttar_Pradesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="454" /> <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_India#Divisions" title="Administrative divisions of India">Division</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj_division" title="Prayagraj division">Prayagraj</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="List of districts of Uttar Pradesh">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj_district" title="Prayagraj district">Prayagraj</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Earliest mention</th><td class="infobox-data">c. 1200–1000 BCE<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishnaswamyGhosh1935698–699,_702–703-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established as Ilahabas</th><td class="infobox-data">1584</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established as a city</th><td class="infobox-data">1801</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Panch_Prayag" title="Panch Prayag">Panch Prayag</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Corporation">Municipal Corporation</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj_Municipal_Corporation" title="Prayagraj Municipal Corporation">Prayagraj Municipal Corporation</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Ganesh Kesarwani (<a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament,_Lok_Sabha" title="Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha MP</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ujjwal_Raman_Singh" title="Ujjwal Raman Singh">Ujjwal Raman Singh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">INC</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-Prayagraj_City-4">[4]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">365 km2 (140.9 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data">10</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">98 m (321.52 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2020-2011 hybrid)<a href="#cite_note-Prayagraj_City-4">[4]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,536,218</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Uttar_Pradesh_by_population" title="List of cities in Uttar Pradesh by population">7th</a> in Uttar Pradesh <a href="/wiki/List_of_most_populous_cities_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of most populous cities in India">36th</a> in India</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">4,200/km2 (11,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro rank<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of million-plus agglomerations in India">40th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonyms</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Allahabadi Ilahabadi<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Language<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Official</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a><a href="#cite_note-langoff-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Additional official</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a><a href="#cite_note-langoff-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Regional</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Awadhi_language" title="Awadhi language">Awadhi</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5:30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+5:30">UTC+5:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_Index_Number" title="Postal Index Number">PIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">211001–211018</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Telephone code</th><td class="infobox-data">+91-532</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">UP-70</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_sex_ratio" title="Human sex ratio">Sex ratio</a></th><td class="infobox-data">852 <a href="/wiki/Female" title="Female">♀</a>/1000<a href="/wiki/Male" title="Male">♂</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prayagraj.nic.in">prayagraj.nic.in</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-upper-alpha"> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> Prayagraj (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈpreɪəˌɡrɑːdʒ, ˈpraɪə-/</a>; <a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">ISO</a>: Prayāgarāja), formerly Allahabad is a <a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">metropolis</a> in the Indian state of <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Six_cities_to_get_metropolitan_stat-9">[9]</a> It is the administrative headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Prayagraj_district" title="Prayagraj district">Prayagraj district</a>, the most populous district in the state and 13th most populous district in India and the <a href="/wiki/Prayagraj_division" title="Prayagraj division">Prayagraj division</a>. The city is the judicial capital of Uttar Pradesh with the <a href="/wiki/Allahabad_High_Court" title="Allahabad High Court">Allahabad High Court</a> being the highest judicial body in the state. As of 2011,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prayagraj&action=edit">[update]</a> Prayagraj is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Uttar_Pradesh_by_population" title="List of cities in Uttar Pradesh by population">seventh most populous city</a> in the state, <a href="/wiki/List_of_North_Indian_cities_by_population" title="List of North Indian cities by population">thirteenth</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">Northern India</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India_by_population" title="List of cities in India by population">thirty-sixth</a> in India, with an estimated population of 1.53 million in the city.<a href="#cite_note-census2011-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> In 2011, it was ranked the world's 40th fastest-growing city.<a href="#cite_note-fastest_growing-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The city, in 2016, was also ranked the third most liveable <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">urban agglomeration</a> in the state (after <a href="/wiki/Noida" title="Noida">Noida</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a>) and sixteenth in the country.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> is the most widely spoken language in the city. Prayagraj lies close to <a href="/wiki/Triveni_Sangam" title="Triveni Sangam">Triveni Sangam</a>, the "three-river confluence" of the <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yamuna" title="Yamuna">Yamuna</a>, and the mythical <a href="/wiki/Sarasvati_River" title="Sarasvati River">Sarasvati</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sangam-1">[1]</a> It plays a central role in <a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Hindu scriptures</a>. The city finds its earliest reference as one of the world's oldest known cities in Hindu texts and has been venerated as the holy city of Prayāga in the ancient <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a>. Prayagraj was also known as <a href="/wiki/Kosambi" title="Kosambi">Kosambi</a> in the late <a href="/wiki/Vedic_period" title="Vedic period">Vedic period</a>, named by the <a href="/wiki/Kuru_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuru Kingdom">Kuru</a> rulers of <a href="/wiki/Hastinapur" title="Hastinapur">Hastinapur</a>, who developed it as their capital. Kosambi was one of the greatest cities in India from the late Vedic period until the end of the <a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya Empire</a>, with occupation continuing until the <a href="/wiki/Gupta_Empire" title="Gupta Empire">Gupta Empire</a>. Since then, the city has been a political, cultural and administrative centre of the <a href="/wiki/Doab" title="Doab">Doab</a> region. <a href="/wiki/Akbarnama" title="Akbarnama">Akbarnama</a> mentions that the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_emperors" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal emperors">Mughal emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> founded a great city in Allahabad. <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Qadir_Badayuni" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Qadir Badayuni">Abd al-Qadir Badayuni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nizamuddin_Ahmad" title="Nizamuddin Ahmad">Nizamuddin Ahmad</a> mention that Akbar laid the foundations of an imperial city there which was called Ilahabas or Ilahabad.<a href="#cite_note-Ujagir-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kumbh67-16">[16]</a> In the early 17th century, Allahabad was a provincial capital in the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a> under the reign of <a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pletcher_2010_128-17">[17]</a> In 1833, it became the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Ceded_and_Conquered_Provinces" title="Ceded and Conquered Provinces">Ceded and Conquered Provinces</a> region before its capital was moved to <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a> in 1835.<a href="#cite_note-MHBI-18">[18]</a> Allahabad became the capital of the <a href="/wiki/North-Western_Provinces" title="North-Western Provinces">North-Western Provinces</a> in 1858 and was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_of_India" title="List of capitals of India">capital of India</a> for a day.<a href="#cite_note-Ashutosh_Joshi_1_January_2008_237-19">[19]</a> The city was the capital of the <a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_Agra_and_Oudh" title="United Provinces of Agra and Oudh">United Provinces</a> from 1902<a href="#cite_note-Ashutosh_Joshi_1_January_2008_237-19">[19]</a> to 1920<a href="#cite_note-Ward2008-20">[20]</a> and remained at the forefront of national importance during the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">struggle for Indian independence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Desai1986-21">[21]</a> Prayagraj is one of the international <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a> destinations, securing the second position in terms of tourist arrivals in the state after <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Located in southern Uttar Pradesh, the city covers 365 km2 (141 sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-Prayagraj_City-4">[4]</a> Although the city and its surrounding area are governed by several municipalities, a large portion of Prayagraj district is governed by the Prayagraj Municipal Corporation. The city is home to colleges, research institutions and many <a href="/wiki/Central_government" title="Central government">central</a> and <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Government of Uttar Pradesh">state government</a> offices, including High court of Uttar Pradesh. Prayagraj has hosted cultural and sporting events, including the <a href="/wiki/Prayag_Kumbh_Mela" title="Prayag Kumbh Mela">Prayag Kumbh Mela</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Indira_Marathon" title="Indira Marathon">Indira Marathon</a>. Although the city's economy was built on tourism, most of its income now derives from real estate and financial services.<a href="#cite_note-timesofindia.indiatimes.com-23">[23]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> The location at the confluence of Ganges and Yamuna rivers has been known in ancient times as Prayāga, which means "place of a sacrifice" in Sanskrit (pra-, "fore-" + yāj-, "to sacrifice").<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> It was believed that god <a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a> performed the very first sacrifice (yāga, <a href="/wiki/Yajna" title="Yajna">yajna</a>) in this place.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> The word prayāga has been traditionally used to mean "a confluence of rivers". For Allahabad, it denoted the physical meeting point of the rivers Ganges and Yamuna in the city. An ancient tradition has it that a third river, invisible Sarasvati, also meets there with the two. Today, Triveni Sangam (or simply Sangam) is a more frequently used name for the confluence. Prayagraj (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a>: Prayāgarāja), meaning "the king among the five prayāgas", is used as a term of respect to indicate that this confluence is the most splendid one of the <a href="/wiki/Panch_Prayag" title="Panch Prayag">five sacred confluencies</a> in India.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mughal_emperors" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal emperors">Mughal</a> emperor <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> visited the region in 1575 and was so impressed by the strategic location of the site that he ordered a fort be constructed.<a href="#cite_note-Past-28">[28]</a> The fort was constructed by 1584 and called Ilahabas or "Abode of Allah", later changed to Allahabad under <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a>. Speculations regarding its name, however, exist. Because of the surrounding people calling it Alhabas, has led to some people[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">who?</a>] holding the view that it was named after <a href="/wiki/Alha" title="Alha">Alha</a> from <a href="/wiki/Alha-Khand" title="Alha-Khand">Alha's story</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Univ-29">[29]</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Forbes_(artist)" title="James Forbes (artist)">James Forbes</a>' account of the early 1800s claims that it was renamed Allahabad or "Abode of God" by <a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir</a> after he failed to destroy the <a href="/wiki/Akshayavat" class="mw-redirect" title="Akshayavat">Akshayavat</a> tree. The name, however, predates him, with Ilahabas and Ilahabad mentioned on coins minted in the city since Akbar's rule, the latter name became predominant after the emperor's death. It has also been thought to not have been named after <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> but ilaha (the gods). Shaligram Shrivastav claimed in Prayag Pradip that the name was deliberately given by Akbar to be construed as both Hindu ("ilaha") and Muslim ("Allah").<a href="#cite_note-Kumbh67-16">[16]</a> Over the years, a number of attempts were made by the <a href="/wiki/BJP" class="mw-redirect" title="BJP">BJP</a>-led governments of Uttar Pradesh to rename Allahabad to Prayagraj. In 1992, the planned rename was shelved when the chief minister, <a href="/wiki/Kalyan_Singh" title="Kalyan Singh">Kalyan Singh</a>, was forced to resign following the <a href="/wiki/Babri_Masjid_demolition" class="mw-redirect" title="Babri Masjid demolition">Babri Masjid demolition</a>. 2001 saw another attempt led by the government of <a href="/wiki/Rajnath_Singh" title="Rajnath Singh">Rajnath Singh</a> which remained unfulfilled.<a href="#cite_note-Kumbh672-30">[30]</a> The rename finally succeeded in October 2018 when the <a href="/wiki/Yogi_Adityanath" title="Yogi Adityanath">Yogi Adityanath</a>-led government officially changed the name of the city to Prayagraj.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Prayagraj" title="History of Prayagraj">History of Prayagraj</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Prayagraj" title="Timeline of Prayagraj">Timeline of Prayagraj</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antiquity">Antiquity</h3></div> The earliest mention of Prayāga and the associated pilgrimage is found in <a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a> Pariśiṣṭa (supplement to the Rigveda, c. 1200–1000 BCE).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishnaswamyGhosh1935698–699,_702–703-3">[3]</a> It is also mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Pali" title="Pali">Pali</a> canons of <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, such as in section 1.7 of <a href="/wiki/Majjhima_Nikaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Majjhima Nikaya">Majjhima Nikaya</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 500 BCE), wherein the Buddha states that bathing in Payaga (Skt: Prayaga) cannot wash away cruel and evil deeds, rather the virtuous one should be pure in heart and fair in action.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 400 BCE–300 CE) mentions a bathing pilgrimage at Prayag as a means of prāyaścitta (atonement, penance) for past mistakes and guilt.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKane195355–56-34">[34]</a> In Tirthayatra Parva, before the great war, the epic states "the one who observes firm [ethical] vows, having bathed at Prayaga during Magha, O best of the Bharatas, becomes spotless and reaches heaven."<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> In Anushasana parva, after the war, the epic elaborates this bathing pilgrimage as "geographical tirtha" that must be combined with manasa-tirtha (tirtha of the heart) whereby one lives by values such as truth, charity, self-control, patience and others.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Prayāga is mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Agni_Purana" title="Agni Purana">Agni Purana</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a> with various legends, including being one of the places where <a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a> attended a <a href="/wiki/Yajna" title="Yajna">yajna</a> (homa), and the confluence of river Ganges, Yamuna and mythical Saraswati site as the king of pilgrimage sites (Tirtha Raj).<a href="#cite_note-Dubey2001-37">[37]</a> Other early accounts of the significance of Prayag to Hinduism is found in the various versions of the Prayaga Mahatmya, dated to the late 1st-millennium CE. These Purana-genre Sanskrit texts describe Prayag as a place "bustling with pilgrims, priests, vendors, beggars, guides" and local citizens busy along the confluence of the rivers (sangam).<a href="#cite_note-Glucklich2008p146-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Prayaga is also mentioned in the Hindu epic <a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a>, a place with the legendary Ashram of sage <a href="/wiki/Bharadwaj" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharadwaj">Bharadwaj</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Krishnamoorthy1991-40">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Archaeology_and_inscriptions">Archaeology and inscriptions</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ashoka_Pillar_in_Allahabad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Ashoka_Pillar_in_Allahabad.jpg/170px-Ashoka_Pillar_in_Allahabad.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Ashoka_Pillar_in_Allahabad.jpg/255px-Ashoka_Pillar_in_Allahabad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Ashoka_Pillar_in_Allahabad.jpg/340px-Ashoka_Pillar_in_Allahabad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1056" data-file-height="1992" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Allahabad_Pillar" title="Allahabad Pillar">Ashoka pillar at Prayagraj</a> contains many inscriptions since the 3rd century BCE. Sometime about 1575 CE, <a href="/wiki/Birbal" title="Birbal">Birbal</a> of Akbar's era added an inscription that mentions the "Magh mela at Prayag Tirth Raj".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishnaswamyGhosh1935698–699,_702–703-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></figcaption></figure> Inscription evidence from the famed Ashoka edicts containing <a href="/wiki/Allahabad_Pillar" title="Allahabad Pillar">Allahabad Pillar</a> – also referred to as the Prayaga Bull pillar – adds to the confusion about the antiquity of this city.<a href="#cite_note-irwin1-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-irwin2-43">[43]</a> Excavations have revealed <a href="/wiki/Northern_Black_Polished_Ware" title="Northern Black Polished Ware">Northern Black Polished Ware</a> dating to 600–700 BCE.<a href="#cite_note-Dubey2001-37">[37]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Dilip_Kumar_Chakrabarti" title="Dilip Kumar Chakrabarti">Dilip Kumar Chakrabarti</a>, "... there is nothing to suggest that modern Prayag (i e. modern Allahabad) was an ancient city. Yet it is inconceivable that one of the holiest places of Hinduism, Prayag or the confluence of the Ganga and Yamuna should be without a major ancient city." Chakrabarti suggests that the city of <a href="/wiki/Jhusi" title="Jhusi">Jhusi</a>, opposite the confluence, must have been the "ancient settlement of Prayag".<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Archaeological surveys since the 1950s has revealed the presence of human settlements near the sangam since <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 800 BCE.<a href="#cite_note-irwin1-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-irwin2-43">[43]</a> Along with Ashoka's Brahmi script inscription from the 3rd century BCE, the pillar has a Samudragupta inscription, as well as a Magha Mela inscription of <a href="/wiki/Birbal" title="Birbal">Birbal</a> of Akbar's era. It states, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">In the Samvat year 1632, Saka 1493, in Magha, the 5th of the waning moon, on Monday, Gangadas's son Maharaja <a href="/wiki/Birbal" title="Birbal">Birbal</a> made the auspicious pilgrimage to Tirth Raj Prayag. Saphal scripsit. – Translated by Alexander Cunningham (1879)<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECunningham187939-45">[45]</a> </blockquote> These dates correspond to about 1575 CE, and confirm the importance and the name Prayag.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECunningham187939-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishnaswamyGhosh1935698–699-46">[46]</a> According to Cunningham, this pillar was brought to Allahabad from <a href="/wiki/Kosambi" title="Kosambi">Kaushambi</a> by a Muslim Sultan, and that in some later century before Akbar, the old city of Prayag had been deserted.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Other scholars, such as Krishnaswamy and Ghosh disagree.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishnaswamyGhosh1935698–699-46">[46]</a> In a paper published in 1935, they state that the pillar was always at its current location based on the inscription dates on the pillar, lack of textual evidence for the move in records left by Muslim historians and the difficulty in moving the massive pillar.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishnaswamyGhosh1935698–703-48">[48]</a> Further, like Cunningham, they noted that many smaller inscriptions were added on the pillar over time. Quite many of these inscriptions include a date between 1319 CE and 1575 CE, and most of these refer to the month Magha. According to Krishnaswamy and Ghosh, these dates are likely related to the <a href="/wiki/Kumbh_Mela" title="Kumbh Mela">Magh Mela</a> pilgrimage at Prayag, as recommended in the ancient Hindu texts.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishnaswamyGhosh1935702–703-49">[49]</a> In papers published about 1979, John Irwin – a scholar of Indian Art History and Archaeology, concurred with Krishnaswamy and Ghosh that the Allahabad pillar was never moved and was always at the confluence of the rivers Ganges and Yamuna.<a href="#cite_note-irwin1-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-irwin2-43">[43]</a> According to Irwin, an analysis of the minor inscriptions and ancient scribblings on the pillar first observed by Cunningham, also noted by Krishnaswamy and Ghosh, reveals that these included years and months, and the latter "always turns out to be Magha, which also gives it name to the <a href="/wiki/Magh_Mela" title="Magh Mela">Magh Mela</a>", the Prayaga bathing pilgrimage festival of the Hindus.<a href="#cite_note-irwin2-43">[43]</a> He further stated that the pillar origins were undoubtedly pre-Ashokan based on the new evidence from the archaeological and geological surveys of the triveni site (Prayaga), the major and minor inscriptions as well as textual evidence, taken together.<a href="#cite_note-irwin1-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-irwin2-43">[43]</a> Archaeological and geological surveys done since the 1950s, states Irwin, have revealed that the rivers – particularly Ganges – had a different course in distant past than now. The original path of river Ganges at the Prayaga confluence had settlements dating from the 8th century BCE onwards.<a href="#cite_note-irwin2-43">[43]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Karel_Werner" title="Karel Werner">Karel Werner</a> – an Indologist known for his studies on religion particularly Buddhism, the Irwin papers "showed conclusively that the pillar did not originate at Kaushambi", but had been at Prayaga from pre-Buddhist times.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_medieval_period">Early medieval period</h3></div> The 7th-century Buddhist Chinese traveller <a href="/wiki/Xuanzang" title="Xuanzang">Xuanzang</a> (Hiuen Tsang) in Fascicle V of Dà Táng Xīyù Jì (<a href="/wiki/Great_Tang_Records_on_the_Western_Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Tang Records on the Western Regions">Great Tang Records on the Western Regions</a>) explicitly mentions Prayaga as both a country and a "great city" where the Yamuna river meets Ganges river. He states that the great city has hundreds of "<a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">deva</a> temples" and to the south of the city are two Buddhist institutions (a stupa built by Ashoka and a monastery). His 644 CE memoir also mentions the Hindu bathing rituals at the junction of the rivers, where people fast near it and then bathe believing that this washes away their sins. Wealthy people and kings come to this "great city" to give away alms at the Grand Place of Almsgiving. According to Xuanzang's travelogue, the confluence is to the east of this "great city" and the site where alms are distributed every day.<a href="#cite_note-rongxi-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Glucklich2008p145-52">[52]</a> Kama MacLean – an Indologist who has published articles on the Kumbh Mela predominantly based on the colonial archives and English-language media,<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> states based on emails from other scholars and a more recent interpretation of the 7th-century Xuanzang memoir, that Prayag was also an important site in 7th-century India of a Buddhist festival. She states that Xuanzang festivities at Prayag featured a Buddha statue and involved alms giving, consistent with Buddhist practices.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> According to Li Rongxi – a scholar credited with a recent and complete translation of a critical version of the Dà Táng Xīyù Jì, Xuanzang mentions that the site of the alms-giving is a deva temple, and the alms-giving practice is recommended by the "records at this temple". Rongxi adds that the population of Prayaga was predominantly heretics (non-Buddhists, Hindus), and affirms that Prayaga attracted festivities of deva-worshipping heretics and also the orthodox Buddhists.<a href="#cite_note-rongxi-51">[51]</a> Xuanzang also describes a ritual-suicide practice at Prayaga, then concludes it is absurd. He mentions a tree with "evil spirits" that stands before another deva temple. People commit suicide by jumping from it in the belief that they will go to heaven.<a href="#cite_note-rongxi-51">[51]</a> According to Ariel Glucklich – a scholar of Hinduism and Anthropology of Religion, the Xuanzang memoir mentions both the superstitious devotional suicide and narrates a story of how a Brahmin of a more ancient era tried to put an end to this practice.<a href="#cite_note-Glucklich2008p145-52">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cunningham" title="Alexander Cunningham">Alexander Cunningham</a> believed the tree described by Xuanzang was the <a href="/wiki/Akshayavat" class="mw-redirect" title="Akshayavat">Akshayavat</a> tree. It still existed at the time of <a href="/wiki/Al-Biruni" title="Al-Biruni">Al-Biruni</a> who calls it as "Prayaga", located at the confluence of Ganga and Yamuna.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> The historic literature of Hinduism and Buddhism before the Mughal emperor <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> use the term Prayag, and never use the term Allahabad or its variants. Its history before the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal Emperor">Mughal Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> is unclear.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> In contrast to the account of Xuanzang, the Muslim historians place the tree at the confluence of the rivers. The historian Dr. D. B. Dubey states that it appears that between this period, the sandy plain was washed away by the Ganges, to an extent that the temple and tree seen by the Chinese traveller too was washed away, with the river later changing its course to the east and the confluence shifting to the place where Akbar laid the foundations of his fort.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Miers_Elliot" title="Henry Miers Elliot">Henry Miers Elliot</a> believed that a town existed before Allahabad was founded. He adds that after <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_of_Ghazni" title="Mahmud of Ghazni">Mahmud of Ghazni</a> captured Asní near <a href="/wiki/Fatehpur,_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh">Fatehpur</a>, he couldn't have crossed into <a href="/wiki/Bundelkhand" title="Bundelkhand">Bundelkhand</a> without visiting Allahabad had there been a city worth plundering. He further adds that its capture should have been heard when <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_of_Ghor" title="Muhammad of Ghor">Muhammad of Ghor</a> captured Benares. However, Ghori's historians never noticed it. <a href="/wiki/Akbarnama" title="Akbarnama">Akbarnama</a> mentions that the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal emperor">Mughal emperor</a> Akbar founded a great city in Allahabad. <a href="/wiki/%27Abd_al-Qadir_Bada%27uni" class="mw-redirect" title="'Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni">'Abd al-Qadir Bada'uni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nizamuddin_Ahmad" title="Nizamuddin Ahmad">Nizamuddin Ahmad</a> mention that Akbar laid the foundations of an Imperial City there which he called Ilahabas.<a href="#cite_note-Ujagir-15">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mughal_rule">Mughal rule</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Akbar_Fort_Allahabad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Akbar_Fort_Allahabad.jpg/250px-Akbar_Fort_Allahabad.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Akbar_Fort_Allahabad.jpg/375px-Akbar_Fort_Allahabad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Akbar_Fort_Allahabad.jpg/500px-Akbar_Fort_Allahabad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1129" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Allahabad_Fort" title="Allahabad Fort">Allahabad Fort</a>, built by Mughal Emperor <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> in 1575 on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Yamuna_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamuna River">Yamuna River</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Abul_Fazal" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Fazal">Abul Fazal</a> in his Ain-i-Akbari states, "For a long time his (Akbar's) desire was to found a great city in the town of Piyag (Allahabad) where the rivers Ganges and Jamuna join... On 13th November 1583 (1st <a href="/wiki/Azar" title="Azar">Azar</a> 991 H.) he (Akbar) reached the wished spot and laid the foundations of the city and planned four forts." Abul Fazal adds, "Ilahabad anciently called Prayag was distinguished by His Imperial Majesty [Akbar] by the former name".<a href="#cite_note-burnmint-58">[58]</a> The role of Akbar in founding the Ilahabad – later called Allahabad – fort and city is mentioned by <a href="/wiki/%CA%BDAbd_al-Qadir_Badayuni" title="ʽAbd al-Qadir Badayuni">ʽAbd al-Qadir Badayuni</a> as well.<a href="#cite_note-snsinha-59">[59]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nizamuddin_Ahmad" title="Nizamuddin Ahmad">Nizamuddin Ahmad</a> gives two different dates for Allahabad's foundation, in different sections of Tabaqat-i-Akbari. He states that Akbar laid the foundation of the city at a place of the confluence of Ganges and Jumna which was a very sacred site of Hindus, then gives 1574 and 1584 as the year of its founding, and that it was named "Ilahabas".<a href="#cite_note-snsinha-59">[59]</a> The next generation of Mughal rulers started calling it Illahabad, and finally, the British started calling it "Allahabad" for ease of pronunciation.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_Allahabad-60">[60]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomb_of_Nisar_Begum_at_Khusro_Bagh_Allahabad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Tomb_of_Nisar_Begum_at_Khusro_Bagh_Allahabad.jpg/220px-Tomb_of_Nisar_Begum_at_Khusro_Bagh_Allahabad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Tomb_of_Nisar_Begum_at_Khusro_Bagh_Allahabad.jpg/330px-Tomb_of_Nisar_Begum_at_Khusro_Bagh_Allahabad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Tomb_of_Nisar_Begum_at_Khusro_Bagh_Allahabad.jpg/440px-Tomb_of_Nisar_Begum_at_Khusro_Bagh_Allahabad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Tomb of Nithar Begum (daughter of Mughal Emperor <a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Jahangir</a>) at <a href="/wiki/Khusro_Bagh" title="Khusro Bagh">Khusro Bagh</a></figcaption></figure> Akbar was impressed by its strategic location for a fort.<a href="#cite_note-Univ-29">[29]</a> According to William Pinch, Akbar's motive may have been twofold. One, the armed fort secured the control of fertile Doab region. Second, it greatly increased his visibility and power to the non-Muslims who gathered here for pilgrimage from distant places and who constituted the majority of his subjects.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> Later, he declared Ilahabas as a capital of one of the twelve divisions (subahs).<a href="#cite_note-Surendra-62">[62]</a> According to Richard Burn, the suffix "–bas" was deemed to "savouring too much of Hinduism" and therefore the name was changed to Ilahabad by <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Shah Jahan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-burnmint-58">[58]</a> This evolved into the two variant colonial-era spellings of Ilahabad (Hindi: इलाहाबाद) and Allahabad.<a href="#cite_note-burnmint-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-Maclean2008p67-63">[63]</a> According to Maclean, these variant spellings have a political basis, as "Ilaha–" means "the gods" for Hindus, while Allah is the term for God to Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-Maclean2008p67-63">[63]</a> After <a href="/wiki/Jahangir" title="Jahangir">Prince Salim</a>'s coup against Akbar and a failed attempt to seize Agra's treasury, he came to Allahabad and seized its treasury while setting himself up as a virtually independent ruler.<a href="#cite_note-Eraly-64">[64]</a> In May 1602, he had his name read in <a href="/wiki/Jumu%27ah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jumu'ah">Friday prayers</a> and his name minted on coins in Allahabad. After reconciliation with Akbar, Salim returned to Allahabad, where he stayed before returning in 1604.<a href="#cite_note-Richards-65">[65]</a> After capturing Jaunpur in 1624, <a href="/wiki/Shah_Jahan" title="Shah Jahan">Prince Khurram</a> ordered the siege of Allahabad. The siege was however, lifted after <a href="/wiki/Parviz_Mirza" title="Parviz Mirza">Parviz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mahabat_Khan" title="Mahabat Khan">Mahabat Khan</a> came to assist the garrison.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> During the Mughal war of succession, the commandant of the fort who had joined <a href="/wiki/Shah_Shuja_(Mughal_prince)" title="Shah Shuja (Mughal prince)">Shah Shuja</a> made an agreement with <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a>'s officers and surrendered it to Khan Dauran on 12 January 1659.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nawabs_of_Awadh">Nawabs of Awadh</h3></div> The fort was coveted by the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> for the same reasons Akbar built it. British troops were first stationed at Allahabad fort in 1765 as part of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Allahabad" title="Treaty of Allahabad">Treaty of Allahabad</a> signed by Lord <a href="/wiki/Robert_Clive" title="Robert Clive">Robert Clive</a>, Mughal emperor <a href="/wiki/Shah_Alam_II" title="Shah Alam II">Shah Alam II</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nawab_of_Awadh" title="Nawab of Awadh">Awadh's Nawab</a> <a href="/wiki/Shuja-ud-Daula" title="Shuja-ud-Daula">Shuja-ud-Daula</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Kumbh62-68">[68]</a> The combined forces of Bengal's Nawab <a href="/wiki/Mir_Qasim" title="Mir Qasim">Mir Qasim</a>, Shuja and Shah Alam were defeated by the English at <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Buxar" title="Battle of Buxar">Buxar in October 1764</a> and at <a href="/wiki/Kora_Jahanabad" title="Kora Jahanabad">Kora</a> in May 1765. Alam, who was abandoned by Shuja after the defeats, surrendered to the English and was lodged at the fort, as they captured Allahabad, <a href="/wiki/Benares" class="mw-redirect" title="Benares">Benares</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chunar" title="Chunar">Chunar</a> in his name. The territories of Allahabad and Kora were given to the emperor after the treaty was signed in 1765. Shah Alam spent six years in the Allahabad fort and after the <a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Delhi_(1771)" title="Capture of Delhi (1771)">takeover</a> of <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> by the Marathas, left for his capital in 1771 under their protection.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> He was escorted by <a href="/wiki/Mahadaji_Shinde" title="Mahadaji Shinde">Mahadaji Shinde</a> and left Allahabad in May 1771 and in January 1772 reached Delhi. Upon realising the Maratha intent of territorial encroachment, however, Shah Alam ordered his general <a href="/wiki/Mirza_Najaf_Khan" title="Mirza Najaf Khan">Najaf Khan</a> to drive them out. <a href="/wiki/Tukoji_Rao_Holkar" title="Tukoji Rao Holkar">Tukoji Rao Holkar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Visaji_Krushna_Biniwale" title="Visaji Krushna Biniwale">Visaji Krushna Biniwale</a> in return attacked Delhi and defeated his forces in 1772. The Marathas were granted an imperial <a href="/wiki/Deed" title="Deed">sanad</a> for Kora and Allahabad. They turned their attention to Oudh to gain these two territories. Shuja was however, unwilling to give them up and made appeals to the English and the Marathas did not fare well at the Battle of Ramghat.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> In August and September 1773, <a href="/wiki/Warren_Hastings" title="Warren Hastings">Warren Hastings</a> met Shuja and concluded a treaty, under which Kora and Allahabad were ceded to the Nawab for a payment of 50 lakh rupees.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> <a href="/wiki/Saadat_Ali_Khan_II" title="Saadat Ali Khan II">Saadat Ali Khan II</a>, after being made the Nawab by <a href="/wiki/John_Shore,_1st_Baron_Teignmouth" title="John Shore, 1st Baron Teignmouth">John Shore</a>, entered into a treaty with the company and gave the fort to the British in 1798.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wellesley,_1st_Marquess_Wellesley" title="Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley">Lord Wellesley</a> after threatening to annex the entire Awadh, concluded a treaty with Saadat on abolishing the independent Awadhi army, imposing a larger subsidiary force and annexing <a href="/wiki/Rohilkhand" title="Rohilkhand">Rohilkhand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gorakhpur,_Uttar_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh">Gorakhpur</a> and the Doab in 1801.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_rule">British rule</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gandhi_Patel_1940.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Gandhi_Patel_1940.jpg/220px-Gandhi_Patel_1940.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Gandhi_Patel_1940.jpg/330px-Gandhi_Patel_1940.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Gandhi_Patel_1940.jpg 2x" data-file-width="436" data-file-height="288" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> at a January 1940 <a href="/wiki/Congress_Working_Committee" title="Congress Working Committee">Congress Working Committee</a> meeting with <a href="/wiki/Vallabhbhai_Patel" title="Vallabhbhai Patel">Vallabhbhai Patel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vijaya_Lakshmi_Pandit" title="Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit">Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit</a> at Anand Bhavan in Allahabad</figcaption></figure> Acquired in 1801, Allahabad, aside from its importance as a pilgrimage centre, was a stepping stone to the agrarian track upcountry and the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Trunk_Road" title="Grand Trunk Road">Grand Trunk Road</a>. It also potentially offered sizeable revenues to the company. Initial <a href="/wiki/Permanent_Settlement" title="Permanent Settlement">revenue settlements</a> began in 1803.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Allahabad was a participant in the 1857 <a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Mutiny</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Menon2003-75">[75]</a> when <a href="/wiki/Maulvi_Liaquat_Ali" title="Maulvi Liaquat Ali">Maulvi Liaquat Ali</a> unfurled the banner of revolt.<a href="#cite_note-Bose2003-76">[76]</a> During the rebellion, Allahabad, with a number of European troops,<a href="#cite_note-ThompsonGarratt1962-77">[77]</a> was the scene of a massacre.<a href="#cite_note-Pletcher_2010_128-17">[17]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Au_science_faculty.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Au_science_faculty.jpg/170px-Au_science_faculty.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Au_science_faculty.jpg/255px-Au_science_faculty.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Au_science_faculty.jpg/340px-Au_science_faculty.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1812" data-file-height="2792" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Allahabad_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad University">Allahabad University</a>, established in 1887, is one of the oldest modern universities in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>.</figcaption></figure> After the mutiny, the British established a high court, a police headquarters and a public-service commission in Allahabad,<a href="#cite_note-SinghSingh1995-78">[78]</a> making the city an administrative centre.<a href="#cite_note-administrative-79">[79]</a> They truncated the Delhi region of the state, merging it with <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_India" title="Punjab, India">Punjab</a> and moving the capital of the <a href="/wiki/North-Western_Provinces" title="North-Western Provinces">North-Western Provinces</a> to Allahabad (where it remained for 20 years).<a href="#cite_note-Ward2008-20">[20]</a> In January 1858, <a href="/wiki/Earl_Canning" title="Earl Canning">Earl Canning</a> departed <a href="/wiki/Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcutta">Calcutta</a> for Allahabad.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> That year he read <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria#Empress" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria's proclamation</a>, transferring control of India from the <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> to the <a href="/wiki/British_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="British Crown">British Crown</a> (beginning the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a>), in <a href="/wiki/Minto_Park,_Allahabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Minto Park, Allahabad">Minto Park</a>.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> In 1877 the provinces of Agra and Awadh were merged to form the <a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="United Provinces of British India">United Provinces</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Basham2008a-83">[83]</a> with Allahabad its capital until 1920.<a href="#cite_note-Ward2008-20">[20]</a> The 1888 session of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> was held in the city,<a href="#cite_note-BhanaPandiri2007-84">[84]</a> and by the turn of the 20th century, Allahabad was a revolutionary centre.<a href="#cite_note-Committee1947-85">[85]</a> Nityanand Chatterji became a household name when he hurled a bomb at a European club.<a href="#cite_note-Independence-86">[86]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Park">Alfred Park</a> in 1931, <a href="/wiki/Chandrashekhar_Azad" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandrashekhar Azad">Chandrashekhar Azad</a> died when surrounded by British police.<a href="#cite_note-BhawanRana2005-87">[87]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Nehru%E2%80%93Gandhi_family" title="Nehru–Gandhi family">Nehru family</a> homes, <a href="/wiki/Anand_Bhavan" title="Anand Bhavan">Anand Bhavan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swaraj_Bhavan" title="Swaraj Bhavan">Swaraj Bhavan</a>, were centres of Indian National Congress activity.<a href="#cite_note-activities-88">[88]</a> During the years before independence, Allahabad was home to thousands of <a href="/wiki/Satyagraha" title="Satyagraha">satyagrahis</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Purushottam_Das_Tandon" title="Purushottam Das Tandon">Purushottam Das Tandon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishambhar_Nath_Pande" title="Bishambhar Nath Pande">Bishambhar Nath Pande</a>, <a href="/wiki/Narayan_Dutt_Tiwari" class="mw-redirect" title="Narayan Dutt Tiwari">Narayan Dutt Tiwari</a> and others.<a href="#cite_note-Desai1986-21">[21]</a> The first seeds of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistani</a> nation were sown in Allahabad:<a href="#cite_note-Zakaria2004-89">[89]</a> on 29 December 1930, <a href="/wiki/Allama_Muhammad_Iqbal" class="mw-redirect" title="Allama Muhammad Iqbal">Allama Muhammad Iqbal</a>'s presidential address to the <a href="/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">All-India Muslim League</a> proposed a separate <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> state for the Muslim-majority regions of India.<a href="#cite_note-Singh2008-90">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h3></div> Prayagraj's elevation is over 90 m (295 ft) above sea level. The old part of the city, at the south of Prayagraj Junction railway station, consists of neighbourhoods like Chowk, <a href="/wiki/Johnstongunj" title="Johnstongunj">Johnstongunj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dariyabad,_Prayagraj" title="Dariyabad, Prayagraj">Dariyabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khuldabad,_Prayagraj" title="Khuldabad, Prayagraj">Khuldabad</a> and many more.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> In the north of the Railway Station, the new city consists of neighbourhoods like <a href="/wiki/Lukergunj" title="Lukergunj">Lukergunj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_Lines,_Prayagraj" title="Civil Lines, Prayagraj">Civil Lines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgetown,_Prayagraj" title="Georgetown, Prayagraj">Georgetown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tagoretown" title="Tagoretown">Tagoretown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allahpur" title="Allahpur">Allahpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ashok_Nagar,_Prayagraj" title="Ashok Nagar, Prayagraj">Ashok Nagar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumfordgunj" title="Mumfordgunj">Mumfordgunj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bharadwaj_Puram" title="Bharadwaj Puram">Bharadwaj Puram</a> and others which are relatively new and were built during the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British rule</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TGEIAAp57-92">[92]</a> <a href="/wiki/Civil_Lines,_Prayagraj" title="Civil Lines, Prayagraj">Civil Lines</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Central_business_district" title="Central business district">central business district</a> of the city and is famous for its urban setting, <a href="/wiki/Gridiron_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gridiron plan">gridiron plan</a> roads<a href="#cite_note-AHVLp14-93">[93]</a> and high rise buildings. Built in 1857, it was the largest town-planning project carried out in India before the establishment of <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TGEIAAp57-92">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-AHVLp14-93">[93]</a> Prayagraj has many buildings featuring <a href="/wiki/Indo-Islamic_architecture" title="Indo-Islamic architecture">Indo-Islamic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indo-Saracenic_architecture" title="Indo-Saracenic architecture">Indo-Saracenic architecture</a>. Although several buildings from the colonial period have been declared "heritage structures", others are deteriorating.<a href="#cite_note-Heritage-94">[94]</a> Famous landmarks of the city are <a href="/wiki/Allahabad_Museum" title="Allahabad Museum">Allahabad Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Yamuna_Bridge,_Allahabad" class="mw-redirect" title="New Yamuna Bridge, Allahabad">New Yamuna Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allahabad_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad University">Allahabad University</a>, Triveni Sangam, <a href="/wiki/All_Saints_Cathedral,_Prayagraj" title="All Saints Cathedral, Prayagraj">All Saints Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anand_Bhavan" title="Anand Bhavan">Anand Bhavan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chandrashekhar_Azad_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandrashekhar Azad Park">Chandrashekhar Azad Park</a> etc.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> The city experiences one of the highest levels of <a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">air pollution</a> worldwide, with the 2016 update of the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>'s Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database finding Prayagraj to have the third highest mean concentration of "PM2.5" (<2.5 μm diameter) <a href="/wiki/Particulates" title="Particulates">particulate matter</a> in the ambient air among all the 2972 cities tested (after <a href="/wiki/Zabol" title="Zabol">Zabol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gwalior" title="Gwalior">Gwalior</a>).<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Triveni_Sangam_and_Ghats">Triveni Sangam and Ghats</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Triveni_Sangam.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Triveni_Sangam.JPG/250px-Triveni_Sangam.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Triveni_Sangam.JPG/375px-Triveni_Sangam.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Triveni_Sangam.JPG/500px-Triveni_Sangam.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Pilgrims at the <a href="/wiki/Triveni_Sangam" title="Triveni Sangam">Triveni Sangam</a>, the confluence of the <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Yamuna" title="Yamuna">Yamuna</a> rivers in Prayagraj.</figcaption></figure> The Triveni Sangam (place where three rivers meet) is the meeting place of Ganges, the Yamuna and mythical Saraswati River, which according to Hindu legends, wells up from underground.<a href="#cite_note-At_the_Three_Rivers-97">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-Triveni_Sangam-98">[98]</a> A place of religious importance and the site for historic Prayag Kumbh Mela held every 12 years, over the years it has also been the site of immersion of ashes of several national leaders, including <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> in 1948.<a href="#cite_note-At_the_Three_Rivers-97">[97]</a> The main <a href="/wiki/Ghat" title="Ghat">ghat</a> in Prayagraj is <a href="/wiki/Saraswati_Ghat" title="Saraswati Ghat">Saraswati Ghat</a>, on the banks of Yamuna. Stairs from three sides descend to the green water of the Yamuna. Above it is a park which is always covered with green grass. There are also facilities for boating here. There are also routes to reach Triveni Sangam by boat from here.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Apart from this, there are more than 100 raw ghats in Prayagraj. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topography">Topography</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yamuna_river,_Allahabad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Large waterway, with small boats in the foreground and a long bridge in the background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Yamuna_river%2C_Allahabad.jpg/220px-Yamuna_river%2C_Allahabad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Yamuna_river%2C_Allahabad.jpg/330px-Yamuna_river%2C_Allahabad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Yamuna_river%2C_Allahabad.jpg/440px-Yamuna_river%2C_Allahabad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Yamuna" title="Yamuna">Yamuna</a> in Prayagraj during the rainy season</figcaption></figure> Prayagraj is in the southern part of Uttar Pradesh, at the confluence of the <a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a> and Yamuna.<a href="#cite_note-location-101">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-location001-102">[102]</a> The region was known in antiquity first as the Kuru, then as the Vats country.<a href="#cite_note-Pletcher2010-103">[103]</a> To the southwest is <a href="/wiki/Bundelkhand" title="Bundelkhand">Bundelkhand</a>, to the east and southeast is <a href="/wiki/Baghelkhand" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghelkhand">Baghelkhand</a>, to the north and northeast is <a href="/wiki/Awadh" title="Awadh">Awadh</a> and to the west is the lower <a href="/wiki/Doab" title="Doab">doab</a> (of which Prayagraj is part).<a href="#cite_note-location-101">[101]</a> The city is divided by a railway line running east–west.<a href="#cite_note-junction-104">[104]</a> South of the railway is the Old Chowk area, and the British-built <a href="/wiki/Civil_Lines,_Prayagraj" title="Civil Lines, Prayagraj">Civil Lines</a> is north of it. Prayagraj is well placed geographically and culturally.<a href="#cite_note-Ganga-Yamuna_Doab-105">[105]</a> Geographically part of the Ganga-Yamuna Doab (at the mouth of the Yamuna), culturally it is the terminus of the Indian west.<a href="#cite_note-Sharma2006-106">[106]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">Indian Standard Time</a> longitude (25.15°N 82.58°E) is near the city. According to a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a> report, Prayagraj is in a "low damage risk" wind and cyclone zone.<a href="#cite_note-hazardprofile-107">[107]</a> In common with the rest of the <a href="/wiki/Doab" title="Doab">doab</a>, its soil and water are primarily <a href="/wiki/Alluvium" title="Alluvium">alluvial</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Agricultural-108">[108]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pratapgarh,_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh">Pratapgarh</a> is north of the city, <a href="/wiki/Bhadohi" title="Bhadohi">Bhadohi</a> is east, <a href="/wiki/Rewa,_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Rewa, Madhya Pradesh">Rewa</a> is south, <a href="/wiki/Chitrakoot_district" title="Chitrakoot district">Chitrakoot</a> (earlier Banda) is west, and <a href="/wiki/Kaushambi_district" title="Kaushambi district">Kaushambi</a>, which was until recently a part of Allahabad (Prayagraj), is North-West. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> Prayagraj has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> common to cities in the plains of North India, designated Cwa in the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Köppen-109">[109]</a> The annual mean temperature is 26.1 °C (79.0 °F); monthly mean temperatures are 18–29 °C (64–84 °F).<a href="#cite_note-weatherbase-110">[110]</a> Prayagraj has three seasons: a hot, dry summer, a cool, dry winter and a hot, humid monsoon. Summer lasts from March to September with daily highs reaching up to 48 °C in the dry summer (from March to May) and up to 40 °C in the hot and extremely humid monsoon season (from June to September).<a href="#cite_note-weatherbase-110">[110]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> begins in June, and lasts until August; high humidity levels prevail well into September. Winter runs from December to February,<a href="#cite_note-Season-111">[111]</a> with temperatures rarely dropping to the freezing point. The daily average maximum temperature is about 22 °C (72 °F) and the minimum about 9 °C (48 °F).<a href="#cite_note-Forecast-112">[112]</a> Prayagraj never receives snow,<a href="#cite_note-rainfall_&_snow-113">[113]</a> but, experiences dense winter fog due to numerous wood fires, coal fires, and open burning of rubbish—resulting in substantial traffic and travel delays.<a href="#cite_note-Season-111">[111]</a> Its highest recorded temperature is 48.9 °C (120.0 °F) on 9 June 2019, and its lowest is −0.7 °C (31 °F) on 26 December 1961.<a href="#cite_note-weatherbase-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-climate-114">[114]</a> Rain from the Bay of Bengal or the Arabian Sea branches of the <a href="/wiki/Southwest_monsoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest monsoon">southwest monsoon</a><a href="#cite_note-monsoontribune-115">[115]</a> falls on Allahabad from June to September, supplying the city with most of its annual rainfall of 1,027 mm (40 in).<a href="#cite_note-rainfall_&_snow-113">[113]</a> The highest monthly rainfall total, 333 mm (13 in), occurs in August.<a href="#cite_note-Tropical-116">[116]</a> The city receives 2,961 hours of sunshine per year, with maximum <a href="/wiki/Insolation" class="mw-redirect" title="Insolation">sunlight</a> in May.<a href="#cite_note-climate-114">[114]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Prayagraj (1991–2020, extremes 1901–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8 (91.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.3 (97.3) </td> <td style="background: #ED0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.8 (109.0) </td> <td style="background: #B50000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.8 (116.2) </td> <td style="background: #9A0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48.8 (119.8) </td> <td style="background: #990000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48.9 (120.0) </td> <td style="background: #C60000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">45.6 (114.1) </td> <td style="background: #EE0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.7 (108.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.6 (103.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF0600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.6 (105.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.2 (97.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.6 (90.7) </td> <td style="background: #990000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">48.9 (120.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6 (72.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6 (81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0 (93.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0B00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.9 (103.8) </td> <td style="background: #FC0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.7 (107.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.5 (103.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6 (94.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.4 (92.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.7 (92.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6 (92.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.1 (86.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9 (76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">33.1 (91.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7 (60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7 (67.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1 (77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.2 (88.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2 (93.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.3 (91.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7 (87.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8 (85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.3 (84.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6 (81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1 (73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0 (64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">26.5 (79.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 (48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7 (54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2 (63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9 (73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.8 (80.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3 (82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.1 (80.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6 (79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7 (78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4 (70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.2 (59.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 (50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9225; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">20.3 (68.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 (34.0) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 (34.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFECD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 (45.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7 (54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2 (63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7 (65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8 (65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1 (70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3 (64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7 (53.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6 (42.1) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.7 (30.7) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−0.7 (30.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #E5FFE5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0 (0.67) </td> <td style="background: #E2FFE2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6 (0.69) </td> <td style="background: #F1FFF1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8 (0.35) </td> <td style="background: #F4FFF4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0 (0.28) </td> <td style="background: #EAFFEA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9 (0.55) </td> <td style="background: #50FF50; color:#000000;" class="notheme">113.5 (4.47) </td> <td style="background: #006E00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">268.0 (10.55) </td> <td style="background: #009A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">238.5 (9.39) </td> <td style="background: #00E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">184.9 (7.28) </td> <td style="background: #CBFFCB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.7 (1.37) </td> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6 (0.18) </td> <td style="background: #F4FFF4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 (0.27) </td> <td style="background: #8BFF8B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">915.3 (36.04) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6 </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2 </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5 </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8 </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5 </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">46.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) (at 17:30 <a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>) </th> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37 </td> <td style="background: #A3A3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24 </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29 </td> <td style="background: #4747FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #0000EA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76 </td> <td style="background: #0000E6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">60 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #2C2CFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">55 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #DDDD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">224.9 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">244.2 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">263.2 </td> <td style="background: #EAEA02; color:#000000;" class="notheme">274.1 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC07; color:#000000;" class="notheme">292.3 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">206.4 </td> <td style="background: #C0C020; color:#000000;" class="notheme">143.3 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">180.6 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">184.3 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">259.7 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">256.7 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">244.0 </td> <td style="background: #DFDF00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,773.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/India_Meteorological_Department" title="India Meteorological Department">India Meteorological Department</a><a href="#cite_note-IMDnormals-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-IMDextremes-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a> (sun 1971–1990),<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-120">[120]</a>Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020)<a href="#cite_note-TCC1-121">[121]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div>Allahabad has been ranked 20th best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results' <a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pfau_imponierend.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Peacock displaying its tail feathers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Pfau_imponierend.jpg/220px-Pfau_imponierend.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Pfau_imponierend.jpg/330px-Pfau_imponierend.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Pfau_imponierend.jpg/440px-Pfau_imponierend.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption> A typical <a href="/wiki/Indian_peafowl" title="Indian peafowl">Indian peacock</a>, found in Prayagraj on a large scale</figcaption></figure> The Ganga-Jamuna Doab, of which Prayagraj is a part, is on the western <a href="/wiki/Indus-Gangetic_Plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus-Gangetic Plain">Indus-Gangetic Plain</a> region. The doab (including the <a href="/wiki/Terai" title="Terai">Terai</a>) is responsible for the city's unique flora and fauna.<a href="#cite_note-KalaMuseum2000-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-MisraVerma1992-124">[124]</a> Since the arrival of humans, nearly half of the city's <a href="/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate">vertebrates</a> have become extinct. Others are <a href="/wiki/Endangered" class="mw-redirect" title="Endangered">endangered</a> or have had their range severely reduced. Associated changes in habitat and the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Reptiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Reptiles">reptiles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Snakes">snakes</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Mammals" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammals">mammals</a> led to the extinction of bird species, including large birds such as <a href="/wiki/Eagle" title="Eagle">eagles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-KalaMuseum2000a-125">[125]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Allahabad_Museum" title="Allahabad Museum">Allahabad Museum</a>, one of four national museums in India, is documenting the flora and fauna of the Ganges and the Yamuna.<a href="#cite_note-river_belt-126">[126]</a> To protect the rich aquatic biodiversity of river Ganges from escalating anthropogenic pressures, development of a <a href="/wiki/Turtle" title="Turtle">Turtle</a> sanctuary in Prayagraj along with a River Biodiversity Park at <a href="/wiki/Triveni_Sangam" title="Triveni Sangam">Sangam</a> have been approved under Namami Gange programme. The most common birds found in the city are <a href="/wiki/Columbidae" title="Columbidae">doves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peafowl" title="Peafowl">peacocks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Junglefowl" title="Junglefowl">junglefowl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Black_partridge" title="Black partridge">black partridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/House_sparrow" title="House sparrow">house sparrows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Songbirds" class="mw-redirect" title="Songbirds">songbirds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blue_jay" title="Blue jay">blue jays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parakeet" title="Parakeet">parakeets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quail" title="Quail">quails</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulbul" title="Bulbul">bulbuls</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Knob-billed_duck" title="Knob-billed duck">comb ducks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-S.k.agarwal-127">[127]</a> Large numbers of Deer are found in the Trans Yamuna area of Prayagraj. India's first conservation reserve for <a href="/wiki/Blackbuck" title="Blackbuck">blackbuck</a> is being created in Prayagraj's <a href="/wiki/Meja_Tehsil" class="mw-redirect" title="Meja Tehsil">Meja</a> Forest Division. Other animals in the state include reptiles such as <a href="/wiki/Lizard" title="Lizard">lizards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cobra" title="Cobra">cobras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bungarus" title="Bungarus">kraits</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gharial" title="Gharial">gharials</a>.<a href="#cite_note-KalaMuseum2000-123">[123]</a> During winter, large numbers of <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberian</a> birds are reported in the <a href="/wiki/Triveni_sangam" class="mw-redirect" title="Triveni sangam">sangam</a> and nearby wetlands.<a href="#cite_note-Siberian_birds-128">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Population growth of Prayagraj Municipal Corporation</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1820</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">20,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1865</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">105,900</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+429.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1871</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">143,700</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+35.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1881</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">148,500</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1891</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">175,200</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+18.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">172,032</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1911</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">171,697</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1921</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">157,220</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−8.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">173,895</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+10.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1941</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">246,226</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+41.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">312,259</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+26.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">411,955</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+31.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">490,622</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+19.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">616,051</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+25.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">792,858</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+28.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">975,393</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+23.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,112,544</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+14.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2020</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,536,218</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+38.1%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:center">Sources:<a href="#cite_note-censusindia1-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-AllahabadUA2011-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-Prayagraj_City-4">[4]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#Fcd116"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religion in Prayagraj City (2011)<a href="#cite_note-censusdata2011-131">[131]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Religion</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkorange; width:76.03%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">76.03%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:21.94%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">21.94%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:blue; width:0.68%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.68%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:yellow; width:0.28%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.28%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Others</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Black; width:1.07%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.07%</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="5" style="padding:5px; text-align:left;">Others include <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a>, other religions and no particular religion (0.63%)</td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> The <a href="/wiki/2011_census_of_India" title="2011 census of India">2011 census</a> reported a population of 1,112,544 in the 82 km2 (32 sq mi) area governed by Prayagraj Municipal Corporation, corresponding to a density of 13,600/km2 (35,000/sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-AllahabadUA2011-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> In January 2020, the boundaries of Prayagraj Municipal Corporation were expanded to 365 km2 (141 sq mi); according to the 2011 census, 1,536,218 people lived within those boundaries; this corresponds to a population density of 4,200/km2 (11,000/sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-Prayagraj_City-4">[4]</a> Natives of Uttar Pradesh form the majority of Prayagraj's population. With regards to Houseless Census in Prayagraj, total 5,672 families live on footpaths or without any roof cover, this is approximately 0.38 percent of the total population of Prayagraj district. The sex ratio of Prayagraj is 901 females per 1000 males and child sex ratio of is 893 girls per 1000 boys, lower than the national average.<a href="#cite_note-census2011.co.in-133">[133]</a> Hindi, the official state language, is the dominant language in Prayagraj. Urdu and other languages are spoken by a sizeable minority. Hindus form the majority of Prayagraj's population; Muslims compose a large minority. According to provisional results of the 2011 national census, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> is majority religion in Prayagraj city with 76.03 percent followers. <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Islam in Uttar Pradesh">Islam</a> is the second most practised religion in the city with approximately 21.94 percent following it. <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Christianity in Uttar Pradesh">Christianity</a> is followed by 0.68 percent, <a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Jainism in Uttar Pradesh">Jainism</a> by 0.10 percent, <a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_India" title="Sikhism in India">Sikhism</a> by 0.28 percent and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhism in India">Buddhism</a> by 0.28 percent. Around 0.02 percent stated 'Other Religion', approximately 0.90 percent stated 'No Particular Religion'. Prayagraj's <a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_India" title="Literacy in India">literacy rate</a> at 86.50 percent is the highest in the region.<a href="#cite_note-literacy_rate-134">[134]</a> Male literacy is 90.21 percent and female literacy 82.17 percent.<a href="#cite_note-literacy-135">[135]</a> For 2001 census same figure stood at 75.81 and 46.38. As per census 2011, total 1,080,808 people are literate in Prayagraj of which males and females are 612,257 and 468,551 respectively. Among <a href="/wiki/Crime_in_India" title="Crime in India">35 major Indian cities</a>, Prayagraj reported the highest rate of violations of special and local laws to the <a href="/wiki/NCRB" class="mw-redirect" title="NCRB">National Crime Records Bureau</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NCRB-136">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration_and_politics">Administration and politics</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_administration">General administration</h3></div> Prayagraj division, comprising four districts, is headed by the <a href="/wiki/Divisional_commissioner_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Divisional commissioner (India)">divisional commissioner</a> of Prayagraj, who is an <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">Indian Administrative Service</a> (IAS) officer of high seniority, the <a href="/wiki/Divisional_commissioner_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Divisional commissioner (India)">commissioner</a> is the head of local government institutions (including <a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporations_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal corporations in India">municipal corporations</a>) in the division, is in charge of infrastructure development in his division, and is also responsible for maintaining law and order in the division.<a href="#cite_note-:22-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-:42-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-:52-139">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-:62-140">[140]</a> The <a href="/wiki/District_collector_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="District collector (India)">district magistrate and collector</a> of Prayagraj reports to the <a href="/wiki/Divisional_commissioner_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Divisional commissioner (India)">divisional commissioner</a>. The current commissioner is Ashish Kumar Goel.<a href="#cite_note-:02-141">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-:12-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-144">[144]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Allahabad_high_court.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Large building behind landscaped grounds" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Allahabad_high_court.jpg/220px-Allahabad_high_court.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Allahabad_high_court.jpg/330px-Allahabad_high_court.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Allahabad_high_court.jpg/440px-Allahabad_high_court.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Allahabad_High_Court" title="Allahabad High Court">Allahabad High Court</a> is India's fourth-oldest high court</figcaption></figure> Prayagraj district administration is headed by the <a href="/wiki/District_collector_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="District collector (India)">district magistrate and collector</a> (DM) of Prayagraj, who is an <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">IAS officer</a>. The DM is in charge of property records and revenue collection for the central government and oversees the <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_India" title="Elections in India">elections</a> held in the district. The DM is also responsible for maintaining law and order in the district.<a href="#cite_note-:22-137">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-:43-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-147">[147]</a> The DM is assisted by a chief development officer; five additional district magistrates for finance/revenue, city, rural administration, land acquisition and civil supply; one chief revenue officer; one city magistrate; and three additional city magistrates.<a href="#cite_note-:0-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-:4-144">[144]</a> The district has eight <a href="/wiki/Tehsil" title="Tehsil">tehsils</a> viz. Sadar, Soraon, Phulpur, Handia, Karchhana, Bara, Meja and Kuraon, each headed by a <a href="/wiki/Sub-Divisional_Magistrate_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-Divisional Magistrate (India)">sub-divisional magistrate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-143">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Police_administration">Police administration</h3></div> City comes under the Prayagraj Police Zone and Prayagraj Police Range, Prayagraj Zone is headed by an <a href="/wiki/Additional_director_general_of_police" title="Additional director general of police">additional director general</a>-rank <a href="/wiki/Indian_Police_Service" title="Indian Police Service">Indian Police Service</a> (IPS) officer, and the Prayagraj Range is headed <a href="/wiki/Inspector-general_of_police#India" title="Inspector-general of police">inspector general</a>-rank IPS officer. The district police is headed by a <a href="/wiki/Superintendent_of_police_(India)" title="Superintendent of police (India)">senior superintendent of police</a> (SSP), who is an <a href="/wiki/Indian_Police_Service" title="Indian Police Service">IPS</a> officer, and is assisted by eight <a href="/wiki/Superintendent_of_police_(India)" title="Superintendent of police (India)">superintendents of police</a> or <a href="/wiki/Additional_superintendent_of_police" title="Additional superintendent of police">additional superintendents of police</a> for city, either from the IPS or the <a href="/wiki/Provincial_Police_Service_(Uttar_Pradesh)" title="Provincial Police Service (Uttar Pradesh)">Provincial Police Service</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:32-148">[148]</a> Each of the several police circles is headed by a circle officer (CO) in the rank of <a href="/wiki/Deputy_superintendent_of_police#India" title="Deputy superintendent of police">deputy superintendent of police</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:32-148">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infrastructure_and_civic_administration">Infrastructure and civic administration</h3></div> The development of infrastructure in the city is overseen by the Prayagraj Development Authority (PDA), which comes under the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Planning" title="Department of Housing and Urban Planning">Department of Housing and Urban Planning</a> of <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Government of Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh government</a>. The divisional commissioner of Prayagraj acts as the <a href="/wiki/Ex-officio" class="mw-redirect" title="Ex-officio">ex-officio</a> chairperson of PDA, whereas a vice chairperson, a government-appointed <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">IAS officer</a>, looks after the daily matters of the authority.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> The current chairperson of PDA is Bhanu Chandra Goswami.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> The Prayagraj Nagar Nigam, also called <a href="/wiki/Prayagraj_Municipal_Corporation" title="Prayagraj Municipal Corporation">Prayagraj Municipal Corporation</a>, oversees the city's civic infrastructure. The corporation originated in 1864 as the Municipal Board of Allahabad, when the Lucknow Municipal Act was passed by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nagar_nigam2-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-Joshi-122-152">[152]</a> In 1867, the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Lines,_Prayagraj" title="Civil Lines, Prayagraj">Civil Lines</a> and the city were amalgamated for municipal purposes.<a href="#cite_note-nagar_nigam2-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-Joshi-122-152">[152]</a> The Cantonment was counted as part of the city in censuses until the <a href="/wiki/1931_Census_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="1931 Census of India">1931 Indian census</a>, when it was started to be counted as a separate <a href="/wiki/Census_town" title="Census town">census town</a>. The Municipal Board became Municipal Corporation in 1959.<a href="#cite_note-CRISIL-April2015-153">[153]</a> Allahabad Cantonment has a cantonment board. The city of Prayagraj is currently divided into 80 wards,<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> with one member (or corporator) elected from each ward to form the municipal committee. The head of the corporation is the mayor, but, the executive and administration of the corporation are the responsibility of the municipal commissioner, who is an <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Government of Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh government</a>-appointed <a href="/wiki/Provincial_Civil_Service_(Uttar_Pradesh)" title="Provincial Civil Service (Uttar Pradesh)">Provincial Civil Service</a> officer of high seniority. The current mayor of Prayagraj is <a href="/wiki/Abhilasha_Gupta" title="Abhilasha Gupta">Abhilasha Gupta</a>, whereas the current municipal commissioner is Avinash Singh.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> Prayagraj was declared to have metropolitan status in October 2006.<a href="#cite_note-Six_cities_to_get_metropolitan_stat-9">[9]</a> The metropolitan area is referred to in the <a href="/wiki/2011_Indian_census" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Indian census">2011 Indian census</a> and other official documents as Allhabad Urban Agglomeration. It consists of Prayagraj Municipal Corporation, three census towns (the cantonment, Arail Uparhar, and Chak Babura Alimabad), and 17 Outer Growth (OG) areas listed in the table below.<a href="#cite_note-AllahabadUA2011-130">[130]</a> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <th colspan="15">Population of Allahabad Urban Agglomeration and its Parts According to Census Data for 1901–2011.<a href="#cite_note-AllahabadUA2011-130">[130]</a> </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <th colspan="3">Name </th> <th>1901 </th> <th>1911 </th> <th>1921 </th> <th>1931 </th> <th>1941 </th> <th>1951 </th> <th>1961 </th> <th>1971 </th> <th>1981 </th> <th>1991 </th> <th>2001 </th> <th>2011 </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right"> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="3">Prayagraj Urban Agglomeration </td> <td>172,032</td> <td>171,697</td> <td>157,220</td> <td>183,914</td> <td>260,630</td> <td>332,295</td> <td>430,730</td> <td>513,036</td> <td>650,070</td> <td>844,546</td> <td>1,042,229</td> <td>1,212,395 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="15" style="background:#0000FF;"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right"> <td style="background:#0000FF;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="2">Prayagraj Municipal Corporation </td> <td>172,032</td> <td>171,697</td> <td>157,220</td> <td>173,895</td> <td>246,226</td> <td>312,259</td> <td>411,955</td> <td>490,622</td> <td>616,051</td> <td>792,858</td> <td>975,393</td> <td>1,112,544 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right"> <td style="background:#0000FF;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="2">Allahabad Cantonment (included in Allahabad in the 1901–1921 figures) </td> <td style="background:#ffffcc;">12,487 </td> <td style="background:#ffffcc;">11,996 </td> <td style="background:#ffffcc;">11,615 </td> <td>10,019</td> <td>14,404</td> <td>20,036</td> <td>17,529</td> <td>20,591</td> <td>30,442</td> <td>38,060</td> <td>24,137</td> <td>26,944 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right"> <td style="background:#0000FF;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="2">Arail Uparhar </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>12,190 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right"> <td style="background:#0000FF;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="2">Chak Babura Alimabad </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>4,876 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right"> <td style="background:#0000FF;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="2">Total of Allahabad Outer Growth (OG) areas listed below: </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1,246</td> <td>1,823</td> <td>3,577</td> <td>13,628</td> <td>42,699</td> <td>55,841 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="18"> </td> <td colspan="14" style="background:#ED0E0E;"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right"> <td style="background:#ED0E0E;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Subedarganj Railway Colony (OG) </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1,246</td> <td>1,823</td> <td>3,577</td> <td>3,606</td> <td>872</td> <td>1,568 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right"> <td style="background:#ED0E0E;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Triveni Nagar (N.E.C.S.W.) (OG) </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>4,125</td> <td>1,732</td> <td>3,515 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right"> <td style="background:#ED0E0E;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">T.S.L. Factory (OG) </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>466</td> <td>317</td> <td>753 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right"> <td style="background:#ED0E0E;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Mukta Vihar (OG) </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>461</td> <td>509</td> <td>534 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right"> <td style="background:#ED0E0E;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Bharat Pump and Compressor Factory (OG) </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>631</td> <td>628</td> <td>648 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right"> <td style="background:#ED0E0E;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">A.D.A. Colony (OG) </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1,155</td> <td>12,539</td> <td>22,774 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right"> <td style="background:#ED0E0E;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Doorbani Nagar (OG) </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>2,312</td> <td>783</td> <td>543 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right"> <td style="background:#ED0E0E;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">ITI Factory and Res. Colony (OG) </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>872</td> <td>3,764</td> <td>221 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right"> <td style="background:#ED0E0E;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Shiv Nagar (OG) </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>990</td> <td>1,449 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right"> <td style="background:#ED0E0E;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Gurunanak Nagar (OG) </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>867</td> <td>947 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right"> <td style="background:#ED0E0E;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Gandhi Nagar, Manas Nagar, Industrial Labour Colony (OG) </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>5,319</td> <td>6,313 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right"> <td style="background:#ED0E0E;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Gangotri Nagar (OG) </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1,641</td> <td>6,749 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right"> <td style="background:#ED0E0E;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Mahewa West (OG) </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>7,161</td> <td>2,136 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right"> <td style="background:#ED0E0E;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Begum Bazar (OG) </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>514</td> <td>841 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right"> <td style="background:#ED0E0E;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Bhagal Purwa (OG) </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>680</td> <td>988 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right"> <td style="background:#ED0E0E;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Kodra (OG) </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>690</td> <td>587 </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;text-align:right"> <td style="background:#ED0E0E;"> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">IOC Colony, Deoghat, ADA Colony and Jhalwagaon (OG) </td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>3,693</td> <td>5,275 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3></div> Prayagraj is the seat of <a href="/wiki/Allahabad_High_Court" title="Allahabad High Court">Allahabad High Court</a>, the highest judicial body in the state of Uttar Pradesh. Prayagraj is known as the "Prime Minister Capital of India", since, seven of fifteen <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Indian prime ministers</a> of India since independence have connections with the city (<a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lal_Bahadur_Shastri" title="Lal Bahadur Shastri">Lal Bahadur Shastri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gulzarilal_Nanda" title="Gulzarilal Nanda">Gulzarilal Nanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vishwanath_Pratap_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishwanath Pratap Singh">Vishwanath Pratap Singh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar" title="Chandra Shekhar">Chandra Shekhar</a>). All seven leaders were either born in Allahabad, were alumni of <a href="/wiki/Allahabad_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad University">Allahabad University</a> or were elected from an Allahabad constituency.<a href="#cite_note-prime-2">[2]</a> Prayagraj is administered by several <a href="/wiki/Government_agency" title="Government agency">government agencies</a>. As the seat of the Government of Uttar Pradesh, Prayagraj is home to local governing agencies and the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly (housed in the <a href="/wiki/Allahabad_High_Court" title="Allahabad High Court">Allahabad High Court</a> building).<a href="#cite_note-Checklist-157">[157]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Prayagraj_district" title="Prayagraj district">Prayagraj district</a> has two parliamentary constituency, namely, <a href="/wiki/Prayagraj_Lok_Sabha_constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Prayagraj Lok Sabha constituency">Prayagraj</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phulpur_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Phulpur (Lok Sabha constituency)">Phulpur</a> and elects 12 members of the legislative assembly (<a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly" title="Member of the Legislative Assembly">MLAs</a>) to the state legislature.<a href="#cite_note-Legislative-158">[158]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Central_government_offices/organisations">Central government offices/organisations</h3></div> Prayagraj houses various central government offices and organisations, such as- <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Home_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Home Affairs">Ministry of Home Affairs</a> <ul><li>Headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Central_Zonal_Council" title="Central Zonal Council">Central Zonal Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_Action_Force" title="Rapid Action Force">Rapid Action Force</a> (101 Battalion).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Tibetan_Border_Police" title="Indo-Tibetan Border Police">Indo-Tibetan Border Police</a> (Training Institute).</li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Minority_Affairs" title="Ministry of Minority Affairs">Ministry of Minority Affairs</a> <ul><li>Special officer for Linguistic Minorities (Regional Headquarters).</li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(India)" title="Ministry of Defence (India)">Ministry of Defence (India)</a> <ul><li>Headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Central_Air_Command_(India)" title="Central Air Command (India)">Central Air Command</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Services_Selection_Board" title="Services Selection Board">Services Selection Board</a> (East Centre).</li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Civil_Aviation_(India)" title="Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)">Ministry of Civil Aviation (India)</a> <ul><li>Civil Aviation Training College.</li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Railways_(India)" title="Ministry of Railways (India)">Ministry of Railways (India)</a> <ul><li>Headquarters of <a href="/wiki/North_Central_Railway_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="North Central Railway Zone">North Central Railway Zone</a>.</li> <li>Headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Central_Organisation_for_Railway_Electrification" title="Central Organisation for Railway Electrification">Central Organisation for Railway Electrification</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_Recruitment_Control_Board" title="Railway Recruitment Control Board">Railway Recruitment Control Board</a> (Selection Centre).</li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(India)" title="Ministry of Finance (India)">Ministry of Finance (India)</a> <ul><li>Headquarters of Accountants General, Uttar Pradesh.</li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Human_Resource_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Human Resource Development">Ministry of Human Resource Development</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Board_of_Secondary_Education" title="Central Board of Secondary Education">Central Board of Secondary Education</a> (Regional office).</li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment,_Forest_and_Climate_Change" title="Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change">Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botanical_Survey_of_India" title="Botanical Survey of India">Botanical Survey of India</a> (Central Regional Centre, Allahabad).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Social_Forestry_and_Eco-Rehabilitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre for Social Forestry and Eco-Rehabilitation">Centre for Social Forestry and Eco-Rehabilitation</a>.</li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Science_and_Technology_(India)" title="Ministry of Science and Technology (India)">Ministry of Science and Technology (India)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harish_Chandra_Research_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Harish Chandra Research Institute">Harish Chandra Research Institute</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Geomagnetism" title="Indian Institute of Geomagnetism">Indian Institute of Geomagnetism</a> (Regional Center).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences,_India" title="National Academy of Sciences, India">National Academy of Sciences, India</a>.</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Neighbourhoods_of_Prayagraj" title="Neighbourhoods of Prayagraj">Neighbourhoods of Prayagraj</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> Overall Prayagraj has a stable and diverse economy comprising various sectors such as State and Central government offices, education and research institutions, real estate, retail, banking, tourism and hospitality, agriculture-based industries, railways, transport and logistics, miscellaneous service sectors, and manufacturing. <a href="/wiki/Disposable_household_and_per_capita_income" title="Disposable household and per capita income">Average household income</a> of the city is US$2,299.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> The construction sector is a major part of Prayagraj's economy.<a href="#cite_note-Industrial_units-160">[160]</a> Secondary manufacturers and services may be registered or unregistered;<a href="#cite_note-development-161">[161]</a> according to the third All India Census for Small Scale Industries, there are more than 10,000 unregistered small-scale industries in the city.<a href="#cite_note-Small_scale_Industries-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-Industries2004-163">[163]</a> An integrated industrial township has been proposed for 1,200 acres (490 ha) in Prayagraj by the <a href="/wiki/Dedicated_Freight_Corridor_Corporation_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India">Dedicated Freight Corridor Corporation of India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> The city is also home to glass and <a href="/wiki/Wire" title="Wire">wire</a>-based industry.<a href="#cite_note-industries-165">[165]</a> The main industrial areas of Prayagraj are <a href="/wiki/Naini" title="Naini">Naini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phulpur,_Prayagraj" title="Phulpur, Prayagraj">Phulpur</a>, where several <a href="/wiki/Public_sector" title="Public sector">public</a> and <a href="/wiki/Private_sector" title="Private sector">private sector</a> companies have offices and factories.<a href="#cite_note-Industries1993-166">[166]</a> <a href="/wiki/BPCL" class="mw-redirect" title="BPCL">Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited</a>, India's largest oil company (which is state-owned), is constructing a seven-million-tonnes-per-annum (MTPA) capacity refinery in Lohgara with an investment estimated at ₹62 billion.<a href="#cite_note-GDP-167">[167]</a> <a href="/wiki/Allahabad_Bank" title="Allahabad Bank">Allahabad Bank</a>, which began operations in 1865,<a href="#cite_note-Small_scale_Industries-162">[162]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Pumps_%26_Compressors" title="Bharat Pumps & Compressors">Bharat Pumps & Compressors</a> and A. H. Wheeler and Company have their headquarters in the city. Major companies in the city are <a href="/wiki/Reliance_Industries" title="Reliance Industries">Reliance Industries</a>, <a href="/wiki/ITI_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="ITI Limited">ITI Limited</a>, <a href="/wiki/BPCL" class="mw-redirect" title="BPCL">BPCL</a>, Dey's Medical, <a href="/wiki/Food_Corporation_of_India" title="Food Corporation of India">Food Corporation of India</a>, Raymond Synthetics, Triveni Sheet Glass, Triveni Electroplast, EMC Power Ltd, <a href="/wiki/Steel_Authority_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Steel Authority of India">Steel Authority of India</a>, <a href="/wiki/HCL_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="HCL Technologies">HCL Technologies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Farmers_Fertiliser_Cooperative" title="Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative">Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative</a> (IFFCO), Vibgyor Laboratories, Geep Industries, Hindustan Cable, Indian Oil Corporation Ltd, Baidyanath Ayurved, Hindustan Laboratories.<a href="#cite_note-Companies-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-Popular_industries-169">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> The primary economic sectors of the district are tourism, fishing and agriculture, and the city is a hub for India's agricultural industry.<a href="#cite_note-Agricultural_industries-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-Main_Industries-172">[172]</a> In the case of agriculture crops, paddy has the largest share followed by bajra, arhar, urd and moong, in declining order during the Kharif season. In Rabi, wheat is predominant followed by pulses and oilseed. Among oilseed crops, mustard has very little area under pure farming and is grown mainly as a mixed crop. Linseed dominates the oilseed production of the district and is mainly grown in Jamunapar area. In the case of pulses, gram has the largest area followed by pea and lentil (masoor). There is fairly good acreage under barley.<a href="#cite_note-agriculture-173">[173]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation_and_utilities">Transportation and utilities</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:On_the_banks_of_New_Yamuna_bridge,_Allahabad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Long bridge, with its lights reflected in the water" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/On_the_banks_of_New_Yamuna_bridge%2C_Allahabad.jpg/220px-On_the_banks_of_New_Yamuna_bridge%2C_Allahabad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/On_the_banks_of_New_Yamuna_bridge%2C_Allahabad.jpg/330px-On_the_banks_of_New_Yamuna_bridge%2C_Allahabad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/On_the_banks_of_New_Yamuna_bridge%2C_Allahabad.jpg/440px-On_the_banks_of_New_Yamuna_bridge%2C_Allahabad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/New_Yamuna_Bridge,_Allahabad" class="mw-redirect" title="New Yamuna Bridge, Allahabad">New Yamuna Bridge</a> in Prayagraj</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3></div> The main international and domestic airport serving Prayagraj is <a href="/wiki/Prayagraj_Airport" title="Prayagraj Airport">Prayagraj Airport</a> (<a href="/wiki/IATA_airport_code" title="IATA airport code">IATA</a>: IXD, <a href="/wiki/ICAO_airport_code" title="ICAO airport code">ICAO</a>: VEAB), which began operations in February 1966. The airport is 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) from the city centre and lies in Bamrauli, Prayagraj. As of now, Prayagraj is connected to eleven cities by flight, where <a href="/wiki/Air_India" title="Air India">Air India</a>'s regional arm <a href="/wiki/Alliance_Air_(India)" title="Alliance Air (India)">Alliance Air</a> connects Prayagraj to <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bilaspur_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilaspur Airport">Bilaspur</a>, while <a href="/wiki/IndiGo" title="IndiGo">IndiGo</a> connects it to <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raipur" title="Raipur">Raipur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gorakhpur" title="Gorakhpur">Gorakhpur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Institute1937-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> The nearest <a href="/wiki/International_airport" title="International airport">international airports</a> are in <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a>.<a href="#cite_note-transport-176">[176]</a> The world's first <a href="/wiki/Airmail" title="Airmail">airmail</a> flight took place from Allahabad (Prayagraj) to <a href="/wiki/Naini" title="Naini">Naini</a> in February 1911, when 6,000 cards and letters where flown by French pilot <a href="/wiki/Henri_Pequet" title="Henri Pequet">Henri Pequet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Airmail-177">[177]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railways">Railways</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Prayagraj_Junction_railway_station" title="Prayagraj Junction railway station">Prayagraj Junction</a> is one of the main railway junctions in northern India and headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/North_Central_Railway_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="North Central Railway Zone">North Central Railway Zone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> Prayagraj has following nine railway stations in its city limits :<a href="#cite_note-Railways_(India)-179">[179]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="background:#fff;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#ffd750;">Station Name </th> <th style="background:#ffd750;">Station Code </th> <th style="background:#ffd750;">Railway Zone </th> <th style="background:#ffd750;">Number of Platforms </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj_Junction_railway_station" title="Prayagraj Junction railway station">Prayagraj Junction</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">PRYJ, formerly ALD </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/North_Central_Railway_zone" title="North Central Railway zone">North Central Railway</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj_Chheoki_Junction_railway_station" title="Prayagraj Chheoki Junction railway station">Prayagraj Chheoki Junction railway station</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">PCOI, formerly ACOI </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/North_Central_Railway_zone" title="North Central Railway zone">North Central Railway</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Naini" title="Naini">Naini</a> Railway Station </td> <td style="text-align:center;">NYN </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/North_Central_Railway_zone" title="North Central Railway zone">North Central Railway</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Subedarganj_railway_station" title="Subedarganj railway station">Subedarganj railway station</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">SFG </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/North_Central_Railway_zone" title="North Central Railway zone">North Central Railway</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prayag_Junction_railway_station" title="Prayag Junction railway station">Prayag Junction railway station</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">PRG </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Railway_zone" title="Northern Railway zone">Northern Railway</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Prayagraj Sangam Railway Station </td> <td style="text-align:center;">PYG </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Railway_zone" title="Northern Railway zone">Northern Railway</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Phaphamau" title="Phaphamau">Phaphamau</a> Railway Station </td> <td style="text-align:center;">PFM </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Railway_zone" title="Northern Railway zone">Northern Railway</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj_Rambagh_railway_station" title="Prayagraj Rambagh railway station">Prayagraj Rambagh railway station</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">PRRB, formerly ALY </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/North_Eastern_Railway_zone" title="North Eastern Railway zone">North Eastern Railway</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jhusi" title="Jhusi">Jhusi</a> Railway Station </td> <td style="text-align:center;">JI </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/North_Eastern_Railway_zone" title="North Eastern Railway zone">North Eastern Railway</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">3 </td></tr> </tbody></table> The city is connected to most other Uttar Pradesh cities and major Indian cities such as Kolkata, New Delhi, Hyderabad, <a href="/wiki/Patna" title="Patna">Patna</a>, Mumbai, <a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam" title="Visakhapatnam">Visakhapatnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>, Bangalore, <a href="/wiki/Guwahati" title="Guwahati">Guwahati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanpur" title="Kanpur">Kanpur</a>, Lucknow and <a href="/wiki/Jaipur" title="Jaipur">Jaipur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The_Railway_magazine-180">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3></div> Buses operated by <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_State_Road_Transport_Corporation" title="Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation">Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation</a> and Prayagraj City Transport Service are an important means of public transport for travelling to various parts of the city, state and outskirts.<a href="#cite_note-Bus_services-181">[181]</a> Auto Rickshaws have been a popular mode of transportation.<a href="#cite_note-mode-182">[182]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cycle_rickshaw" title="Cycle rickshaw">Cycle rickshaws</a> are the most economical means of transportation in Prayagraj along with <a href="/wiki/E-rickshaw" class="mw-redirect" title="E-rickshaw">e-rickshaws</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mode-182">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> There are several important National Highways that pass through Prayagraj:<a href="#cite_note-Status-184">[184]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>NH (acc. new numbering system) </th> <th>NH (acc. old numbering system) </th> <th>Route </th> <th>Total Length </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_19_(India)" title="National Highway 19 (India)">NH 19</a> </td> <td>NH 2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a> » <a href="/wiki/Mathura,_Uttar_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathura, Uttar Pradesh">Mathura</a> » <a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a> » <a href="/wiki/Kanpur" title="Kanpur">Kanpur</a> » Prayagraj » <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a> » <a href="/wiki/Mohania" title="Mohania">Mohania</a> » <a href="/wiki/Barhi,_Hazaribagh" title="Barhi, Hazaribagh">Barhi</a> » <a href="/wiki/Palsit" title="Palsit">Palsit</a> » <a href="/wiki/Dankuni" title="Dankuni">Dankuni</a> (near <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>) </td> <td>2542 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_30_(India)" title="National Highway 30 (India)">NH 30</a> </td> <td>NH 24B & NH 27 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Udham_Singh_Nagar" class="mw-redirect" title="Udham Singh Nagar">Udham Singh Nagar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a> » <a href="/wiki/Bareilly" title="Bareilly">Bareilly</a> » <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a> » <a href="/wiki/Raebareli" title="Raebareli">Raebareli</a> » Prayagraj » <a href="/wiki/Rewa,_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Rewa, Madhya Pradesh">Rewa</a> » <a href="/wiki/Jabalpur" title="Jabalpur">Jabalpur</a> » <a href="/wiki/Raipur" title="Raipur">Raipur</a> » <a href="/wiki/Krishna_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishna District">Krishna District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a> </td> <td>2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_35_(India)" title="National Highway 35 (India)">NH 35</a> </td> <td>NH 76 & NH 76 Extension </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mahoba" title="Mahoba">Mahoba</a> » <a href="/wiki/Banda,_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Banda, Uttar Pradesh">Banda</a> » <a href="/wiki/Chitrakoot_district" title="Chitrakoot district">Chitrakoot</a> » Prayagraj » <a href="/wiki/Mirzapur" title="Mirzapur">Mirzapur</a> » <a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a> </td> <td>346 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_330_(India)" title="National Highway 330 (India)">NH 330</a> </td> <td>NH 96 </td> <td>Prayagraj » <a href="/wiki/Pratapgarh,_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh">Pratapgarh</a> » <a href="/wiki/Sultanpur,_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh">Sultanpur</a> » <a href="/wiki/Faizabad" title="Faizabad">Faizabad</a> » <a href="/wiki/Gonda,_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Gonda, Uttar Pradesh">Gonda</a> » <a href="/wiki/Balrampur" title="Balrampur">Balrampur</a> </td> <td>263 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/Cable-stayed_bridge" title="Cable-stayed bridge">Cable-stayed</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Yamuna_Bridge,_Allahabad" class="mw-redirect" title="New Yamuna Bridge, Allahabad">New Yamuna Bridge</a> (built 2001–04), is in Prayagraj and connects the city to the suburb of <a href="/wiki/Naini" title="Naini">Naini</a> across the Yamuna.<a href="#cite_note-Instrumentation-185">[185]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Old_Naini_Bridge" title="Old Naini Bridge">Old Naini Bridge</a> now accommodates railway and auto traffic.<a href="#cite_note-Dayaratnam2000-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-bridge-187">[187]</a> A road bridge across the Ganges also connects Prayagraj and <a href="/wiki/Jhusi" title="Jhusi">Jhusi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Institute1958-188">[188]</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Waterway_1_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Waterway 1 (India)">National Waterway 1</a>, the longest Waterway in India, connects Prayagraj and Haldia.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> The city generates 5,34,760 kg of domestic solid wastes daily, while the per capita generation of waste is 0.40 kg per day. The sewer service areas are divided into nine zones in the city.<a href="#cite_note-timesofindia.indiatimes.com-23">[23]</a> Prayagraj Municipal Corporation oversees the solid waste management project.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> Prayagraj was the first city to get pre-paid meters for electricity bill in Uttar Pradesh.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> The city is equipped with over 40 <a href="/wiki/CCTV" class="mw-redirect" title="CCTV">CCTVs</a> at major crossings and markets.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_health">Public health</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mlnmc1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Mlnmc1.jpg/220px-Mlnmc1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Mlnmc1.jpg/330px-Mlnmc1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Mlnmc1.jpg/440px-Mlnmc1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/MLN_Medical_College" class="mw-redirect" title="MLN Medical College">MLN Medical College</a>, the Government Medical College in Prayagraj</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamla_Nehru_Hospital_Allahabad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Kamla_Nehru_Hospital_Allahabad.jpg/220px-Kamla_Nehru_Hospital_Allahabad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Kamla_Nehru_Hospital_Allahabad.jpg/330px-Kamla_Nehru_Hospital_Allahabad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Kamla_Nehru_Hospital_Allahabad.jpg/440px-Kamla_Nehru_Hospital_Allahabad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3536" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kamla_Nehru_Memorial_Hospital" title="Kamla Nehru Memorial Hospital">Kamla Nehru Hospital</a> </figcaption></figure> Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Uttar Pradesh oversees the healthcare system of Prayagraj. Its healthcare system comprises hospitals, medical facilities, private clinics and diagnostic centers. These facilities are either privately owned or owned and facilitated by the government. Prayagraj has a total of twenty four hospitals run by the administration.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> Founded in memory of Pandit <a href="/wiki/Motilal_Nehru" title="Motilal Nehru">Motilal Nehru</a> in 1961, <a href="/wiki/Motilal_Nehru_Medical_College" title="Motilal Nehru Medical College">Motilal Nehru Medical College</a> (MLN Medical College and associated hospitals) is a government medical college in Prayagraj, with Swaroop Rani Nehru Hospital, <a href="/wiki/Kamla_Nehru_Memorial_Hospital" title="Kamla Nehru Memorial Hospital">Kamla Nehru Memorial Hospital</a>, Sarojini Naidu Children's Hospital and Manohar Das Eye Hospital serving under its affiliation.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> Some of the known multispecialty hospitals in and around Prayagraj are Alka Hospital, Swaroop Rani Nehru Hospital,<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> Amardeep Hospital, Asha Hospital, Ashutosh Hospital and Trauma Centre, Bhola Hospital, Dwarka Hospital, D R S Hospital, Jain Hospital, Parvati Hospital Pvt. Ltd., Phoenix Hospitals Pvt. Ltd., Priya Hospital, Sangam Multispeciality Hospital, Vatsalya Hospital, Yashlok Hospital and Research Centre, etc.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> Prayagraj healthcare also comprises many medical research institutes. The city also has diagnostic labs, clinics, consultation providers and pathological institutes like Kriti Scanning Centre,<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> Prayag Scan & Diagnostic Centre, and Sprint Medical.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Smart_city_project">Smart city project</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> selected Prayagraj among 16 other global cities for its smart cities programme to help it address challenges like waste management, disaster management, water management and citizen services.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> The company commenced working on solid waste management and power sector in generating renewable energy.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Memorandum_of_understanding" title="Memorandum of understanding">memorandum of understanding</a> was signed on 25 January 2015 between the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Trade_and_Development_Agency" title="United States Trade and Development Agency">United States Trade and Development Agency</a> (USTDA) and the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Government of Uttar Pradesh">Government of Uttar Pradesh</a> for developing Prayagraj as a <a href="/wiki/Smart_city" title="Smart city">smart city</a>.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> The pact came into existence after the bilateral meeting between the Indian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> and the US President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> in October 2014, wherein it was announced that the US would assist India in developing three smart cities, Prayagraj, <a href="/wiki/Ajmer" title="Ajmer">Ajmer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam" title="Visakhapatnam">Visakhapatnam</a>, in a boost to India's 100 smart city programme.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> On 27 August 2015 the official list of 98 cities to be developed as smart cities, including Prayagraj, was announced by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> Prayagraj Task Force was set up by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Urban_Affairs" title="Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs">Minister of Urban Development</a> <a href="/wiki/Venkaiah_Naidu" title="Venkaiah Naidu">Venkaiah Naidu</a> which consists of the <a href="/wiki/Divisional_commissioner_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="Divisional commissioner (India)">divisional commissioner</a> as chairperson, secretaries of housing and urban planning and urban development in <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Government of Uttar Pradesh">Government of Uttar Pradesh</a>, the <a href="/wiki/District_collector_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="District collector (India)">district magistrate and collector</a>, the vice-chairperson of Prayagraj Development Authority and the mayor in addition to the <a href="/wiki/Additional_secretary_to_the_Government_of_India" title="Additional secretary to the Government of India">Additional Secretary</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Urban_Affairs" title="Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs">Urban Development</a>) in the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Urban_Affairs" title="Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs">Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs</a> and representatives of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_External_Affairs_(India)" title="Ministry of External Affairs (India)">Ministry of External Affairs</a> and the USTDA.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> The project is being assisted by the U.S.-India Business Council.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> As a part of Smart City Project, Civil Lines is being developed on the lines of Lucknow's <a href="/wiki/Hazratganj" title="Hazratganj">Hazratganj</a>. A sum of ₹20 <a href="/wiki/Crore" title="Crore">crore</a> (US$3,024,000) has been sanctioned to <a href="/wiki/Beautification" title="Beautification">beautify</a> all prominent crossings of the city. As per the plan, the administration proposed uniformity in signage and colour of buildings and a parking lot to be set up to solve traffic congestion.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> A 1.35 km long riverfront along Yamuna river would be developed by the Prayagraj Development Authority, irrigation and power departments at a cost of ₹147.36 crore. The riverfront would be developed in two phases. In the first phase, around 650 metres at Arail would be developed along with the Yamuna, while in the second phase 700 metres of the stretch between New Yamuna Bridge and Boat Club in Kydganj would be taken up.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> Improving city libraries is part of the Smart City Mission. ₹6.6 crore is being spent improving and restoring Allahabad Government Public Library, which is in Chandra Shekhar Azad Park. The granite and sandstone building was founded in 1864 and was designed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Roskell_Bayne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Roskell Bayne (page does not exist)">Richard Roskell Bayne</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_baronial_architecture" title="Scottish baronial architecture">Scottish baronial style</a>. Chandra Mohan Garg, CEO of Prayagraj Smart City, said: "we are undertaking the restoration of the building, for which we have engaged conservation architects; and preservation of manuscripts dating back over 400 years, and digitisation of all library services".<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> Plans were announced in 2024 to set up "digital smart classrooms" in 48 government-ran primary schools within the city limits.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_educational_institutions_in_Prayagraj" title="List of educational institutions in Prayagraj">List of educational institutions in Prayagraj</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Design_Centre_MNNIT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Palm-tree-lined walkway to two-story building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Design_Centre_MNNIT.jpg/220px-Design_Centre_MNNIT.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Design_Centre_MNNIT.jpg/330px-Design_Centre_MNNIT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Design_Centre_MNNIT.jpg/440px-Design_Centre_MNNIT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="493" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Motilal_Nehru_National_Institute_of_Technology,_Prayagraj" title="Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Prayagraj">Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Prayagraj</a>, a public engineering and management school</figcaption></figure> The Prayagraj educational system is distinct from Uttar Pradesh's other cities, with an emphasis on broad education.<a href="#cite_note-education-215">[215]</a> <a href="/wiki/Board_of_High_School_and_Intermediate_Education_Uttar_Pradesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of High School and Intermediate Education Uttar Pradesh">Board of High School and Intermediate Education Uttar Pradesh</a>, the world's biggest examining body, is headquartered in the city.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> Although English is the language of instruction in most private schools, government schools and colleges offer Hindi and <a href="/wiki/English-medium_education" title="English-medium education">English-medium education</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Main_university-218">[218]</a> Schools in Prayagraj follow the <a href="/wiki/10%2B2%2B3_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="10+2+3 plan">10+2+3 plan</a>. After completing their secondary education, students typically enrol in higher secondary schools affiliated with the Uttar Pradesh Board of High School and Intermediate Education, the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Certificate_of_Secondary_Education" title="Indian Certificate of Secondary Education">ICSE</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Central_Board_of_Secondary_Education" title="Central Board of Secondary Education">CBSE</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Main_university-218">[218]</a> and focus on liberal arts, business or science. Vocational programs are also available.<a href="#cite_note-Vocational-219">[219]</a> Prayagraj attracts students from throughout India. As of 2017, the city has one <a href="/wiki/Central_University,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Central University, India">central university</a>, two <a href="/wiki/State_University,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="State University, India">State Universities</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_Rajarshi_Tandon_Open_University" title="Uttar Pradesh Rajarshi Tandon Open University">open university</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Land_Marks-220">[220]</a> <a href="/wiki/Allahabad_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad University">Allahabad University</a>, founded in 1876, is the oldest university in the state.<a href="#cite_note-Land_Marks-220">[220]</a> <a href="/wiki/Motilal_Nehru_National_Institute_of_Technology,_Prayagraj" title="Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Prayagraj">Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Prayagraj</a> is a noted technical institution.<a href="#cite_note-Goel2009-221">[221]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sam_Higginbottom_University_of_Agriculture,_Technology_and_Sciences" title="Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences">Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences</a>, founded in 1910, as "Agricultural Institute", is an autonomous Christian minority university in Prayagraj.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> Other notable institutions in Allahabad include the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Information_Technology,_Allahabad" title="Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad">Indian Institute of Information Technology – Allahabad</a>; <a href="/wiki/Motilal_Nehru_Medical_College" title="Motilal Nehru Medical College">Motilal Nehru Medical College</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ewing_Christian_College" title="Ewing Christian College">Ewing Christian College</a>; <a href="/wiki/Harish-Chandra_Research_Institute" title="Harish-Chandra Research Institute">Harish-Chandra Research Institute</a>; <a href="/wiki/Govind_Ballabh_Pant_Social_Science_Institute" title="Govind Ballabh Pant Social Science Institute">Govind Ballabh Pant Social Science Institute</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Allahabad_State_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad State University">Allahabad State University</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Prayagraj" title="List of tourist attractions in Prayagraj">List of tourist attractions in Prayagraj</a></div> Although Hindu women have traditionally worn <a href="/wiki/Sari" title="Sari">saris</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Shalwar_kameez" title="Shalwar kameez">shalwar kameez</a> and Western attire are gaining acceptance among younger women.<a href="#cite_note-dress-224">[224]</a> Western dress is worn more by men, although the <a href="/wiki/Dhoti" title="Dhoti">dhoti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kurta" title="Kurta">kurta</a> are seen during festivals. The formal male <a href="/wiki/Sherwani" title="Sherwani">sherwani</a> is often worn with <a href="/wiki/Chooridar" class="mw-redirect" title="Chooridar">chooridar</a> on festive occasions.<a href="#cite_note-dress-224">[224]</a> <a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a>, Kumbh Mela, <a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Fitr" title="Eid al-Fitr">Eid al-Fitr</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vijayadashami" title="Vijayadashami">Vijayadasami</a> are the most popular festivals in Prayagraj.<a href="#cite_note-Quick_facts-225">[225]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anand_Bhawan,_Allahabad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ornate blue-and-white building, with plaque on a rock in the foreground" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Anand_Bhawan%2C_Allahabad.jpg/220px-Anand_Bhawan%2C_Allahabad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Anand_Bhawan%2C_Allahabad.jpg/330px-Anand_Bhawan%2C_Allahabad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Anand_Bhawan%2C_Allahabad.jpg/440px-Anand_Bhawan%2C_Allahabad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Anand_Bhavan" title="Anand Bhavan">Anand Bhavan</a>, owned by Indian political leader <a href="/wiki/Motilal_Nehru" title="Motilal Nehru">Motilal Nehru</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kumbh_Mela2001.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Large group of people and vehicles crossing a pontoon bridge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Kumbh_Mela2001.JPG/220px-Kumbh_Mela2001.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Kumbh_Mela2001.JPG/330px-Kumbh_Mela2001.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Kumbh_Mela2001.JPG/440px-Kumbh_Mela2001.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5088" data-file-height="3509" /></a><figcaption>A procession of pilgrims cross the Ganges during the 2001 Kumbh Mela in Prayagraj</figcaption></figure> Prayagraj has a literary and artistic heritage; the former capital of the United Provinces, it was known as Prayag in the <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a> and the Mahabharata.<a href="#cite_note-Joshi2008-226">[226]</a><a href="#cite_note-virtue-227">[227]</a> Allahabad has been called the "literary capital of Uttar Pradesh",<a href="#cite_note-literary-228">[228]</a> attracting visitors from East Asia;<a href="#cite_note-Culture-229">[229]</a> the Chinese travellers <a href="/wiki/Faxian" title="Faxian">Faxian</a> and Xuanzang found a flourishing city in the fifth and seventh centuries, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-Culture-229">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-HieunTsang-230">[230]</a> The number of foreign tourists, which mostly consisted of <a href="/wiki/Asians" class="mw-redirect" title="Asians">Asians</a>, visiting the city was 98,167 in 2010 which subsequently increased to 1,07,141 in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> The city has a tradition of political graffiti which includes <a href="/wiki/Limerick_(poetry)" title="Limerick (poetry)">limericks</a> and caricatures.<a href="#cite_note-Committee1947-85">[85]</a> In 1900, <a href="/wiki/Saraswati_(magazine)" title="Saraswati (magazine)">Saraswati</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>-language monthly magazine in India, was started by <a href="/wiki/Chintamani_Ghosh" title="Chintamani Ghosh">Chintamani Ghosh</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mahavir_Prasad_Dwivedi" title="Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi">Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi</a>, the doyen of modern Hindi literature, remained its editors from 1903 to 1920.<a href="#cite_note-pib-232">[232]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Anand_Bhavan" title="Anand Bhavan">Anand Bhavan</a>, built during the 1930s as a new home for the <a href="/wiki/Nehru%E2%80%93Gandhi_family" title="Nehru–Gandhi family">Nehru family</a> when the <a href="/wiki/Swaraj_Bhavan" title="Swaraj Bhavan">Swaraj Bhavan</a> became the local <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> headquarters, has memorabilia from the Gandhi-Nehru family.<a href="#cite_note-Palace-233">[233]</a> During the 19th and 20th centuries, <a href="/wiki/Hindi_literature" title="Hindi literature">Hindi literature</a> was modernised by authors such as <a href="/wiki/Mahadevi_Varma" title="Mahadevi Varma">Mahadevi Varma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sumitranandan_Pant" title="Sumitranandan Pant">Sumitranandan Pant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suryakant_Tripathi_%27Nirala%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala'">Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala'</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harivansh_Rai_Bachchan" title="Harivansh Rai Bachchan">Harivansh Rai Bachchan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gaeffke1978-234">[234]</a> A noted poet was Raghupati Sahay, better known as <a href="/wiki/Firaq_Gorakhpuri" title="Firaq Gorakhpuri">Firaq Gorakhpuri</a>.<a href="#cite_note-writer-235">[235]</a> Gorakhpuri and Varma have received <a href="/wiki/Jnanpith_Award" title="Jnanpith Award">Jnanpith Awards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Literary_Award-236">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-winners-237">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-award-238">[238]</a> Prayagraj is a publication centre for Hindi literature, including the Lok Bharti, Rajkamal and Neelabh. <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urdu_literature" title="Urdu literature">Urdu literature</a> are also studied in the city.<a href="#cite_note-Literature-239">[239]</a> <a href="/wiki/Akbar_Allahabadi" title="Akbar Allahabadi">Akbar Allahabadi</a> is a noted modern Urdu poet, and Nooh Narwi, Tegh Allahabadi, Shabnam Naqvi and Rashid Allahabadi hail from Prayagraj.<a href="#cite_note-poet-240">[240]</a> English author and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates#List_of_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">1907 Nobel laureate</a> <a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Kipling" title="Rudyard Kipling">Rudyard Kipling</a> was an assistant editor and overseas correspondent for <a href="/wiki/The_Pioneer_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Pioneer (newspaper)">The Pioneer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nobel-241">[241]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entertainment_and_recreation">Entertainment and recreation</h3></div> Prayagraj is noted for historic, cultural and religious tourism. Historic sites include <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Park">Alfred Park</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria Memorial">Victoria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thornhill_Mayne_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Thornhill Mayne Memorial">Thornhill Mayne Memorials</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minto_Park" title="Minto Park">Minto Park</a>, Allahabad Fort, the Ashoka Pillar and <a href="/wiki/Khusro_Bagh" title="Khusro Bagh">Khusro Bagh</a>. Religious attractions include the Kumbh Mela, the Triveni Sangam and All Saints Cathedral. The city hosts the Maha Kumbh Mela, the largest religious gathering in the world, every twelve years and the Ardh (half) Kumbh Mela every six years.<a href="#cite_note-festival-242">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-News-243">[243]</a> It also hosts a Magh Mela annually on the banks of the Triveni Sangam that typically lasts for one and a half months.<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> Cultural attractions include the Allahabad Museum, the <a href="/wiki/Jawahar_Planetarium" title="Jawahar Planetarium">Jawahar Planetarium</a> and the University of Allahabad. North Central Zone Culture Centre, under the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(India)" title="Ministry of Culture (India)">Ministry of Culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prayag_Sangeet_Samiti" title="Prayag Sangeet Samiti">Prayag Sangeet Samiti</a> are nationally renowned centres of Arts, Dance, Music, local Folk Dance and Music, Plays/Theatre etc. and nurture upcoming artists. The city has also hosted the International Film Festival of Prayag.<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3></div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Leader_(Prayagraj_newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Leader (Prayagraj newspaper) (page does not exist)">The Leader</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Pioneer_(Indian_newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Pioneer (Indian newspaper)">The Pioneer</a> are two major English-language newspapers that are produced and published from the city.<a href="#cite_note-The_Pioneer-247">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chintamani-248">[248]</a> <a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">All India Radio</a>, the national, state-owned radio broadcaster, has <a href="/wiki/AM_broadcasting" title="AM broadcasting">AM</a> radio stations in the city. Prayagraj has seven <a href="/wiki/Frequency_modulation" title="Frequency modulation">FM</a> stations, including two AIR stations: <a href="/wiki/Gyan_Vani" title="Gyan Vani">Gyan Vani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vividh_Bharti" class="mw-redirect" title="Vividh Bharti">Vividh Bharti</a>, four private FM channels: <a href="/wiki/BIG_FM_92.7" class="mw-redirect" title="BIG FM 92.7">BIG FM 92.7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_FM_93.5" class="mw-redirect" title="Red FM 93.5">Red FM 93.5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fever_104_FM" title="Fever 104 FM">Fever 104 FM</a> and Radio Tadka and one educational FM radio channel Radio Adan 90.4 run by <a href="/wiki/Allahabad_Agricultural_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad Agricultural Institute">Allahabad Agricultural Institute</a>.<a href="#cite_note-akashwani-249">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-radio_stations-250">[250]</a> There is a <a href="/wiki/Doordarshan" title="Doordarshan">Doordarshan</a> Kendra in the city.<a href="#cite_note-india_radio-251">[251]</a> Regional TV channels are accessible via <a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">cable subscription</a>, <a href="/wiki/Direct-broadcast_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct-broadcast satellite">direct-broadcast satellite</a> service or <a href="/wiki/IPTV" class="mw-redirect" title="IPTV">Internet-based television</a>.<a href="#cite_note-regional-252">[252]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">Cricket</a> and <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">field hockey</a> are the most popular sports in Prayagraj,<a href="#cite_note-Eastern-253">[253]</a> with <a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">kabaddi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kho-kho" class="mw-redirect" title="Kho-kho">kho-kho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilli_danda" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilli danda">gilli danda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pehlwani" title="Pehlwani">pehlwani</a> mostly being played in rural areas near the city.<a href="#cite_note-list-254">[254]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gully_cricket" class="mw-redirect" title="Gully cricket">Gully cricket</a>, also known as street cricket, is popular among city youth.<a href="#cite_note-Eastern-253">[253]</a> The famous cricket club <a href="/wiki/Allahabad_Cricketers" title="Allahabad Cricketers">Allahabad Cricketers</a> has produced many national and international cricket players. Several <a href="/wiki/Sports_complex" title="Sports complex">sports complexes</a> are used by amateur and professional athletes; these include the <a href="/wiki/Madan_Mohan_Malviya_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Madan Mohan Malviya Stadium">Madan Mohan Malviya Stadium</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Amitabh_Bachchan_Sports_Complex" title="Amitabh Bachchan Sports Complex">Amitabh Bachchan Sports Complex</a> and the Boys' High School and College Gymnasium.<a href="#cite_note-Sports_centres-255">[255]</a> There is an international-level swimming complex in <a href="/wiki/Georgetown,_Allahabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgetown, Allahabad">Georgetown</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Swimming-256">[256]</a> The National Sports Academy in Jhalwa trains <a href="/wiki/Gymnasts" class="mw-redirect" title="Gymnasts">gymnasts</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Games" title="Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Indira_Marathon" title="Indira Marathon">Indira Marathon</a> honours the late prime minister <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Marathon-257">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-Athletics-258">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-dominates-259">[259]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Prayagraj" title="List of people from Prayagraj">List of people from Prayagraj</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Research_Centre_for_Eco-Rehabilitation" title="Forest Research Centre for Eco-Rehabilitation">Forest Research Centre for Eco-Rehabilitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korrah_Sadat" title="Korrah Sadat">Korrah Sadat</a>, a village within Prayagraj Mandal</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-sangam-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sangam_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sangam_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMani2014" class="citation news cs1">Mani, Rajiv (21 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/Girl-from-Sangam-city-grabs-headlines-in-US/articleshow/35421311.cms">"Sangam city, Allahabad"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140525090000/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/Girl-from-Sangam-city-grabs-headlines-in-US/articleshow/35421311.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 25 May 2014. 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Allahabad: a study in urban geography. <a href="/wiki/Banaras_Hindu_University" title="Banaras Hindu University">Banaras Hindu University</a>. pp. 31–32.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Allahabad%3A+a+study+in+urban+geography&rft.pages=31-32&rft.pub=Banaras+Hindu+University&rft.date=1958&rft.au=Ujagir+Singh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kumbh67-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kumbh67_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kumbh67_16-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKama_Maclean2008" class="citation book cs1">Kama Maclean (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MALacgnsroMC&pg=PA67">Pilgrimage and Power: The Kumbh Mela in Allahabad, 1765–1954</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195338942" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195338942"><bdi>978-0195338942</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210819125311/https://books.google.com/books?id=MALacgnsroMC&pg=PA67">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pilgrimage+and+Power%3A+The+Kumbh+Mela+in+Allahabad%2C+1765%E2%80%931954&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0195338942&rft.au=Kama+Maclean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMALacgnsroMC%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pletcher_2010_128-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pletcher_2010_128_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pletcher_2010_128_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPletcher2010" class="citation book cs1">Pletcher, Kenneth (15 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mjr0X-8jrLAC&pg=PA128">The Geography of India: Sacred and Historic Places</a>. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 128. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61530-142-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61530-142-3"><bdi>978-1-61530-142-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181115154619/https://books.google.com/books?id=Mjr0X-8jrLAC&pg=PA128#v=onepage&q=Allahabad">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Geography+of+India%3A+Sacred+and+Historic+Places&rft.pages=128&rft.pub=The+Rosen+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2010-08-15&rft.isbn=978-1-61530-142-3&rft.aulast=Pletcher&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMjr0X-8jrLAC%26pg%3DPA128&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MHBI-18"><a href="#cite_ref-MHBI_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFH.S._Bhatia2008" class="citation book cs1">H.S. Bhatia (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Lrjr7P2HMfkC&pg=PA96">Military History of British India: 1607–1947</a>. Deep and Deep Publications'. p. 97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8450-079-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8450-079-0"><bdi>978-81-8450-079-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181115154711/https://books.google.com/books?id=Lrjr7P2HMfkC&pg=PA96#v=onepage&q=history">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Military+History+of+British+India%3A+1607%E2%80%931947&rft.pages=97&rft.pub=Deep+and+Deep+Publications%27&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-81-8450-079-0&rft.au=H.S.+Bhatia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLrjr7P2HMfkC%26pg%3DPA96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ashutosh_Joshi_1_January_2008_237-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ashutosh_Joshi_1_January_2008_237_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ashutosh_Joshi_1_January_2008_237_19-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshutosh_Joshi2008" class="citation book cs1">Ashutosh Joshi (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UFaGME0XDBkC&pg=PA151">Town Planning Regeneration of Cities</a>. New India Publishing. p. 237. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-89422-82-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-89422-82-0"><bdi>978-81-89422-82-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181115154758/https://books.google.com/books?id=UFaGME0XDBkC&pg=PA151#v=onepage&q=Allahabad">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Town+Planning+Regeneration+of+Cities&rft.pages=237&rft.pub=New+India+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-81-89422-82-0&rft.au=Ashutosh+Joshi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUFaGME0XDBkC%26pg%3DPA151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ward2008-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ward2008_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ward2008_20-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ward2008_20-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerry_Ward2009" class="citation book cs1">Kerry Ward (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YNBmIu5m6hAC">Networks of Empire: Forced Migration in the Dutch East India Company</a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 340. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-88586-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-88586-7"><bdi>978-0-521-88586-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523054906/http://books.google.com/books?id=YNBmIu5m6hAC">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Networks+of+Empire%3A+Forced+Migration+in+the+Dutch+East+India+Company&rft.pages=340&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-521-88586-7&rft.au=Kerry+Ward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYNBmIu5m6hAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Desai1986-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Desai1986_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Desai1986_21-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkshayakumar_Ramanlal_Desai1986" class="citation book cs1">Akshayakumar Ramanlal Desai (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9i5sNMNh_uIC&pg=PA269">Violation of Democratic Rights in India</a>. Popular Prakashan. p. 269. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86132-130-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86132-130-8"><bdi>978-0-86132-130-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523052427/http://books.google.com/books?id=9i5sNMNh_uIC&pg=PA269">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Violation+of+Democratic+Rights+in+India&rft.pages=269&rft.pub=Popular+Prakashan&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-86132-130-8&rft.au=Akshayakumar+Ramanlal+Desai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9i5sNMNh_uIC%26pg%3DPA269&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestatesman.com/india/with-over-32-crore-tourist-arrivals-in-9-months-up-turns-top-tourist-destination-1503256625.html">"With over 32 cr tourist arrivals in 9 months, UP turns top tourist destination"</a>. 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Retrieved 18 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de&rft.atitle=A+Sanskrit%E2%80%93English+Dictionary&rft.aulast=Monier-Williams&rft.aufirst=Monier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de%2Fscans%2FMWScan%2F2014%2Fweb%2Fwebtc%2Fservepdf.php%3Fpage%3D687&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIndia_Today_Web_Desk2018" class="citation web cs1">India Today Web Desk (15 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/yogi-adityanath-takes-allahabad-to-prayagraj-after-443-years-a-recap-of-history-1368216-2018-10-15">"Yogi Adityanath takes Allahabad to Prayagraj after 443 years: A recap of History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/India_Today" title="India Today">India Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190213011029/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/yogi-adityanath-takes-allahabad-to-prayagraj-after-443-years-a-recap-of-history-1368216-2018-10-15">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=Yogi+Adityanath+takes+Allahabad+to+Prayagraj+after+443+years%3A+A+recap+of+History&rft.date=2018-10-15&rft.au=India+Today+Web+Desk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Findia%2Fstory%2Fyogi-adityanath-takes-allahabad-to-prayagraj-after-443-years-a-recap-of-history-1368216-2018-10-15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFटाइम्स_नाउ_डिजिटल2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">टाइम्स नाउ डिजिटल (16 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hindi.timesnownews.com/spiritual/article/what-is-the-meaning-of-prayagraj-new-name-of-allahabad-city-how-is-brahma-connected/300287">"क्या है प्रयागराज का मतलब? सृष्टि की रचना के बाद जहां ब्रह्मा ने सबसे पहले संपन्न किया था यज्ञ"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Times_Now" title="Times Now">Times Now</a> (in Hindi). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190213005748/https://hindi.timesnownews.com/spiritual/article/what-is-the-meaning-of-prayagraj-new-name-of-allahabad-city-how-is-brahma-connected/300287">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Times+Now&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AC%3F+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6+%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E&rft.date=2018-10-16&rft.au=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8+%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89+%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhindi.timesnownews.com%2Fspiritual%2Farticle%2Fwhat-is-the-meaning-of-prayagraj-new-name-of-allahabad-city-how-is-brahma-connected%2F300287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkrita_Reyar2018" class="citation web cs1">Akrita Reyar (17 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/news/india/what-does-prayagraj-actually-mean-times-now-exclusive/12779">"What does 'Prayagraj' actually mean?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Times_Now" title="Times Now">Times Now</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190213005706/https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/news/india/what-does-prayagraj-actually-mean-times-now-exclusive/12779">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2019. Retrieved 12 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Times+Now&rft.atitle=What+does+%27Prayagraj%27+actually+mean%3F&rft.date=2018-10-17&rft.au=Akrita+Reyar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesnownews.com%2Fvideos%2Fnews%2Findia%2Fwhat-does-prayagraj-actually-mean-times-now-exclusive%2F12779&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Past-28"><a href="#cite_ref-Past_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prayagraj.nic.in/history/">"History"</a>. Government of Uttar Pradesh. Retrieved 28 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History&rft.pub=Government+of+Uttar+Pradesh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fprayagraj.nic.in%2Fhistory%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Univ-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Univ_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Univ_29-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">University of Allahabad Studies. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Allahabad" title="University of Allahabad">University of Allahabad</a>. 1962. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=University+of+Allahabad+Studies&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=University+of+Allahabad&rft.date=1962&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kumbh672-30"><a href="#cite_ref-Kumbh672_30-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKama_Maclean2008" class="citation book cs1">Kama Maclean (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MALacgnsroMC&pg=PA67">Pilgrimage and Power: The Kumbh Mela in Allahabad, 1765–1954</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195338942" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195338942"><bdi>978-0195338942</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210819125311/https://books.google.com/books?id=MALacgnsroMC&pg=PA67">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pilgrimage+and+Power%3A+The+Kumbh+Mela+in+Allahabad%2C+1765%E2%80%931954&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0195338942&rft.au=Kama+Maclean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMALacgnsroMC%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/allahabad-renamed-prayagraj-1368913-2018-10-16">"Allahabad to Prayagraj: UP cabinet okays name change"</a>. India Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181016165043/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/allahabad-renamed-prayagraj-1368913-2018-10-16">Archived</a> from the original on 16 October 2018. Retrieved 16 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=Allahabad+to+Prayagraj%3A+UP+cabinet+okays+name+change&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Findia%2Fstory%2Fallahabad-renamed-prayagraj-1368913-2018-10-16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ndtv.com/allahabad-news/up-government-issues-notification-renaming-allahabad-to-prayagraj-1935038">"UP Government Issues Notification Renaming Allahabad To Prayagraj"</a>. NDTV.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181021151149/https://www.ndtv.com/allahabad-news/up-government-issues-notification-renaming-allahabad-to-prayagraj-1935038">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NDTV.com&rft.atitle=UP+Government+Issues+Notification+Renaming+Allahabad+To+Prayagraj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ndtv.com%2Fallahabad-news%2Fup-government-issues-notification-renaming-allahabad-to-prayagraj-1935038&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhikkhu_Nanamoli_(Tr)Bhikkhu_Bodhi(Tr)1995" class="citation book cs1">Bhikkhu Nanamoli (Tr); Bhikkhu Bodhi(Tr) (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/MajjhimaNikaya">Teachings of The Buddha: Majjhima Nikaya</a>. Simon and Schuster. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/MajjhimaNikaya/page/n483">121</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0861710720" title="Special:BookSources/978-0861710720"><bdi>978-0861710720</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Teachings+of+The+Buddha%3A+Majjhima+Nikaya&rft.pages=121&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0861710720&rft.au=Bhikkhu+Nanamoli+%28Tr%29&rft.au=Bhikkhu+Bodhi%28Tr%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FMajjhimaNikaya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKane195355–56-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKane195355–56_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKane1953">Kane 1953</a>, pp. 55–56. </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiana_L._Eck2013" class="citation book cs1">Diana L. Eck (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PyC4o7i9tnEC">India: A Sacred Geography</a>. Three Rivers Press. p. 153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-53192-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-53192-4"><bdi>978-0-385-53192-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804083919/https://books.google.com/books?id=PyC4o7i9tnEC">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India%3A+A+Sacred+Geography&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=Three+Rivers+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-385-53192-4&rft.au=Diana+L.+Eck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPyC4o7i9tnEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> Diane Eck (1981), India's "Tīrthas: "Crossings" in Sacred Geography, History of Religions, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 340–341 with footnote </li> <li id="cite_note-Dubey2001-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dubey2001_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dubey2001_37-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShiva_Kumar_Dubey2001" class="citation book cs1">Shiva Kumar Dubey (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kumbhcityprayag00unse">Kumbh city Prayag</a>. Centre for Cultural Resources and Training. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kumbhcityprayag00unse/page/31">31</a>–41, 82. Retrieved 3 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kumbh+city+Prayag&rft.pages=31-41%2C+82&rft.pub=Centre+for+Cultural+Resources+and+Training&rft.date=2001&rft.au=Shiva+Kumar+Dubey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkumbhcityprayag00unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glucklich2008p146-38"><a href="#cite_ref-Glucklich2008p146_38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAriel_Glucklich2008" class="citation book cs1">Ariel Glucklich (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KtLScrjrWiAC&pg=PA146">The Strides of Vishnu: Hindu Culture in Historical Perspective</a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 146–147. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-971825-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-971825-2"><bdi>978-0-19-971825-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804110843/https://books.google.com/books?id=KtLScrjrWiAC&pg=PA146">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Strides+of+Vishnu%3A+Hindu+Culture+in+Historical+Perspective&rft.pages=146-147&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-971825-2&rft.au=Ariel+Glucklich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKtLScrjrWiAC%26pg%3DPA146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLudo_Rocher1986" class="citation book cs1">Ludo Rocher (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n0-4RJh5FgoC&pg=PA71">The Purāṇas</a>. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 71–72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-447-02522-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-447-02522-5"><bdi>978-3-447-02522-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804071021/https://books.google.com/books?id=n0-4RJh5FgoC&pg=PA71">Archived</a> from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2019. <q>with footnotes</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pur%C4%81%E1%B9%87as&rft.pages=71-72&rft.pub=Otto+Harrassowitz+Verlag&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-3-447-02522-5&rft.au=Ludo+Rocher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn0-4RJh5FgoC%26pg%3DPA71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Krishnamoorthy1991-40"><a href="#cite_ref-Krishnamoorthy1991_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFK._Krishnamoorthy1991" class="citation book cs1">K. Krishnamoorthy (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iOtreyGBGHQC&pg=PA28">A Critical Inventory of Rāmāyaṇa Studies in the World: Indian languages and English</a>. Sahitya Academy. pp. 28–51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7201-100-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7201-100-0"><bdi>978-81-7201-100-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523070430/http://books.google.com/books?id=iOtreyGBGHQC&pg=PA28">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Critical+Inventory+of+R%C4%81m%C4%81ya%E1%B9%87a+Studies+in+the+World%3A+Indian+languages+and+English&rft.pages=28-51&rft.pub=Sahitya+Academy&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-81-7201-100-0&rft.au=K.+Krishnamoorthy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiOtreyGBGHQC%26pg%3DPA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander_Cunningham1877" class="citation book cs1">Alexander Cunningham (1877). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.62072">Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum</a>. Vol. 1. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.62072/page/n55">37</a>–39.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Corpus+Inscriptionum+Indicarum&rft.pages=37-39&rft.date=1877&rft.au=Alexander+Cunningham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.62072&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-irwin1-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-irwin1_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-irwin1_42-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-irwin1_42-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-irwin1_42-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Irwin1979" class="citation book cs1">John Irwin (1979). Herbert Hartel (ed.). South Asian Archaeology. D. 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Oxford University Press. pp. 68–69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533894-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533894-2"><bdi>978-0-19-533894-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170114085824/https://books.google.com/books?id=MALacgnsroMC">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2017. 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Oxford University Press. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533894-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533894-2"><bdi>978-0-19-533894-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170114085824/https://books.google.com/books?id=MALacgnsroMC">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pilgrimage+and+Power%3A+The+Kumbh+Mela+in+Allahabad%2C+1765%E2%80%931954&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-533894-2&rft.au=Kama+Maclean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMALacgnsroMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eraly-64"><a href="#cite_ref-Eraly_64-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbraham_Eraly2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Eraly" title="Abraham Eraly">Abraham Eraly</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=04ellRQx4nMC&pg=PA223">Emperors of the Peacock Throne: The Saga of the Great Mughals</a>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a> India. p. 223. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-100143-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-100143-2"><bdi>978-0-14-100143-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201202180838/https://books.google.com/books?id=04ellRQx4nMC&pg=PA223">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emperors+of+the+Peacock+Throne%3A+The+Saga+of+the+Great+Mughals&rft.pages=223&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+India&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-14-100143-2&rft.au=Abraham+Eraly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D04ellRQx4nMC%26pg%3DPA223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Richards-65"><a href="#cite_ref-Richards_65-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_F._Richards1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_F._Richards" title="John F. Richards">John F. 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Oxford University Press. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533894-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533894-2"><bdi>978-0-19-533894-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210819125330/https://books.google.com/books?id=MALacgnsroMC&pg=PA62">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pilgrimage+and+Power%3A+The+Kumbh+Mela+in+Allahabad%2C+1765%E2%80%931954&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-533894-2&rft.au=Kama+Maclean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMALacgnsroMC%26pg%3DPA62&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._C._BanerjeeD._K._Ghose1978" class="citation book cs1">A. C. Banerjee; D. K. Ghose, eds. (1978). 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Retrieved 4 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anglo-Maratha+relations+during+the+administration+of+Warren+Hastings+1772%E2%80%931785%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=7-8&rft.pub=Popular+Prakashan&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-8171545780&rft.au=Sailendra+Nath+Sen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr4hHNz7T-AEC%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSailendra_Nath_Sen2010" class="citation book cs1">Sailendra Nath Sen (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bXWiACEwPR8C&pg=PA27">An Advanced History of Modern India</a>. <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan Publishers</a>. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-32885-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-32885-3"><bdi>978-0-230-32885-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210819125316/https://books.google.com/books?id=bXWiACEwPR8C&pg=PA27">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Advanced+History+of+Modern+India&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Macmillan+Publishers&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-230-32885-3&rft.au=Sailendra+Nath+Sen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbXWiACEwPR8C%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarbara_N._Ramusack2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Ramusack" title="Barbara Ramusack">Barbara N. 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Taylor & Francis. p. 115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-49429-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-49429-3"><bdi>978-1-134-49429-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180405090302/https://books.google.com/books?id=9TElDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA115">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Formation+of+the+Colonial+State+in+India%3A+Scribes%2C+Paper+and+Taxes%2C+1760%E2%80%931860&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-134-49429-3&rft.au=Hayden+J.+Bellenoit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9TElDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Menon2003-75"><a href="#cite_ref-Menon2003_75-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVisalakshi_Menon2003" class="citation book cs1">Visalakshi Menon (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UO-OxAoL4YIC&pg=PA286">From Movement To Government: The Congress in the United Provinces, 1937–42</a>. SAGE Publications. p. 286. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-9620-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-9620-0"><bdi>978-0-7619-9620-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523052155/http://books.google.com/books?id=UO-OxAoL4YIC&pg=PA286">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Movement+To+Government%3A+The+Congress+in+the+United+Provinces%2C+1937%E2%80%9342&rft.pages=286&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7619-9620-0&rft.au=Visalakshi+Menon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUO-OxAoL4YIC%26pg%3DPA286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bose2003-76"><a href="#cite_ref-Bose2003_76-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSugata_BoseAyesha_Jalal2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sugata_Bose" title="Sugata Bose">Sugata Bose</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ayesha_Jalal" title="Ayesha Jalal">Ayesha Jalal</a> (2004) [1997]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PaKdsF8WzbcC&pg=PA74">Modern South Asia: History, Culture and Political Economy</a> (2nd ed.). Routledge. p. 74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-30786-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-30786-4"><bdi>978-0-415-30786-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523075252/http://books.google.com/books?id=PaKdsF8WzbcC&pg=PA74">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+South+Asia%3A+History%2C+Culture+and+Political+Economy&rft.pages=74&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-415-30786-4&rft.au=Sugata+Bose&rft.au=Ayesha+Jalal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPaKdsF8WzbcC%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ThompsonGarratt1962-77"><a href="#cite_ref-ThompsonGarratt1962_77-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdward_John_ThompsonGeoffrey_Theodore_Garratt1962" class="citation book cs1">Edward John Thompson; Geoffrey Theodore Garratt (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6v4gAAAAMAAJ&q=%22European+troops%22">Rise and Fulfilment of British rule in India</a>. Central Book Depot. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171001092313/https://books.google.com/books?id=6v4gAAAAMAAJ&q=%22European+troops%22">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rise+and+Fulfilment+of+British+rule+in+India&rft.pub=Central+Book+Depot&rft.date=1962&rft.au=Edward+John+Thompson&rft.au=Geoffrey+Theodore+Garratt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6v4gAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522European%2Btroops%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SinghSingh1995-78"><a href="#cite_ref-SinghSingh1995_78-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhai_Nahar_SinghBhai_Kirpal_Singh1995" class="citation book cs1">Bhai Nahar Singh; Bhai Kirpal Singh (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2lu7HatPQCoC&pg=PA290">Rebels Against the British Rule</a>. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 290. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7156-164-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7156-164-3"><bdi>978-81-7156-164-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523073151/http://books.google.com/books?id=2lu7HatPQCoC&pg=PA290">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rebels+Against+the+British+Rule&rft.pages=290&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers+%26+Dist&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-81-7156-164-3&rft.au=Bhai+Nahar+Singh&rft.au=Bhai+Kirpal+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2lu7HatPQCoC%26pg%3DPA290&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-administrative-79"><a href="#cite_ref-administrative_79-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mkgandhi.org/civil_dis/dandi_march.htm">"Civil Disobedience"</a>. Gandhi Research Foundation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120710130536/http://www.mkgandhi.org/civil_dis/dandi_march.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 July 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Civil+Disobedience&rft.pub=Gandhi+Research+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mkgandhi.org%2Fcivil_dis%2Fdandi_march.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/britishraj/KayeMalleson4/bk12ch01.html">"Progress of events in Eastern Bengal, Odisha, Bihar, Oudh, Rohilkhand and Rajputana"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130627043412/http://www.ibiblio.org/britishraj/KayeMalleson4/bk12ch01.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2013. Retrieved 21 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Progress+of+events+in+Eastern+Bengal%2C+Odisha%2C+Bihar%2C+Oudh%2C+Rohilkhand+and+Rajputana&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Fbritishraj%2FKayeMalleson4%2Fbk12ch01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhatt2005" class="citation book cs1">Bhatt, Shankarlal C (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FCG5hGZ-hJsC&pg=PA453">Land and People of Indian States and Union Territories: In 36 Volumes. Uttar ... – Google Books</a>. Gyan Publishing House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8178353845" title="Special:BookSources/978-8178353845"><bdi>978-8178353845</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181115155003/https://books.google.com/books?id=FCG5hGZ-hJsC&pg=PA453#v=onepage&q=minto">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2018. Retrieved 26 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Land+and+People+of+Indian+States+and+Union+Territories%3A+In+36+Volumes.+Uttar+...+%E2%80%93+Google+Books&rft.pub=Gyan+Publishing+House&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-8178353845&rft.aulast=Bhatt&rft.aufirst=Shankarlal+C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFCG5hGZ-hJsC%26pg%3DPA453&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bharatonline.com/uttar-pradesh/travel/allahabad/minto-park.html">"Minto Park – Minto Park Allahabad – Allahabad Minto Park – Madan Mohan Malaviya Park Allahabad India"</a>. Bharatonline.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140108123625/http://www.bharatonline.com/uttar-pradesh/travel/allahabad/minto-park.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 January 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Minto+Park+%E2%80%93+Minto+Park+Allahabad+%E2%80%93+Allahabad+Minto+Park+%E2%80%93+Madan+Mohan+Malaviya+Park+Allahabad+India&rft.pub=Bharatonline.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bharatonline.com%2Futtar-pradesh%2Ftravel%2Fallahabad%2Fminto-park.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Basham2008a-83"><a href="#cite_ref-Basham2008a_83-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._L._Basham2008" class="citation book cs1">A. L. Basham (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6OF-PwAACAAJ">The Wonder That Was India: A Survey of the Culture of the Indian Sub-Continent Before the Coming of the Muslims</a>. ACLS History E-Book Project. p. 696. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59740-599-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59740-599-7"><bdi>978-1-59740-599-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523061030/http://books.google.com/books?id=6OF-PwAACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wonder+That+Was+India%3A+A+Survey+of+the+Culture+of+the+Indian+Sub-Continent+Before+the+Coming+of+the+Muslims&rft.pages=696&rft.pub=ACLS+History+E-Book+Project&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-59740-599-7&rft.au=A.+L.+Basham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6OF-PwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BhanaPandiri2007-84"><a href="#cite_ref-BhanaPandiri2007_84-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSurendra_BhanaAnanda_M._PandiriE._S._(FRW)_ReddyUma_Dhupelia-Mesthrie1995" class="citation book cs1">Surendra Bhana; Ananda M. Pandiri; E. S. (FRW) Reddy; Uma Dhupelia-Mesthrie (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_935ZKVzjW0C&pg=PA12">A Comprehensive, Annotated Bibliography on Mahatma Gandhi: Books And Pamphlets About Mahatma Gandhi</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 12–18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30217-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30217-6"><bdi>978-0-313-30217-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523061521/http://books.google.com/books?id=_935ZKVzjW0C&pg=PA12">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Comprehensive%2C+Annotated+Bibliography+on+Mahatma+Gandhi%3A+Books+And+Pamphlets+About+Mahatma+Gandhi&rft.pages=12-18&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-313-30217-6&rft.au=Surendra+Bhana&rft.au=Ananda+M.+Pandiri&rft.au=E.+S.+%28FRW%29+Reddy&rft.au=Uma+Dhupelia-Mesthrie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_935ZKVzjW0C%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Committee1947-85">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Committee1947_85-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Committee1947_85-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAll_India_Congress_Committee1947" class="citation book cs1">All India Congress Committee (1947). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TEU5AQAAIAAJ">The Allahabad conference of the presidents and secretaries of provincial Congress committees</a>. Provincial Congress Committee Allahabad. p. 57. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523075902/http://books.google.com/books?id=TEU5AQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Allahabad+conference+of+the+presidents+and+secretaries+of+provincial+Congress+committees&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Provincial+Congress+Committee+Allahabad&rft.date=1947&rft.au=All+India+Congress+Committee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTEU5AQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Independence-86"><a href="#cite_ref-Independence_86-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523230338/http://zeenews.india.com/61Independenceday/story.aspx?aid=462215">"Besides, locals still pride"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Zee_News" title="Zee News">Zee News</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zeenews.india.com/61Independenceday/story.aspx?aid=462215">the original</a> on 23 May 2013. Retrieved 3 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zee+News&rft.atitle=Besides%2C+locals+still+pride&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzeenews.india.com%2F61Independenceday%2Fstory.aspx%3Faid%3D462215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BhawanRana2005-87"><a href="#cite_ref-BhawanRana2005_87-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhawan_Singh_Rana2005" class="citation book cs1">Bhawan Singh Rana (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sudu7qABntcC&pg=PA10">Chandra Shekhar Azad (An Immortal Revolutionary of India)</a>. Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-288-0816-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-288-0816-6"><bdi>978-81-288-0816-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523064439/http://books.google.com/books?id=sudu7qABntcC&pg=PA10">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chandra+Shekhar+Azad+%28An+Immortal+Revolutionary+of+India%29&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Diamond+Pocket+Books+%28P%29+Ltd.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-81-288-0816-6&rft.au=Bhawan+Singh+Rana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dsudu7qABntcC%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-activities-88"><a href="#cite_ref-activities_88-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130502190736/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1196506911.html">"The hub for freedom struggle"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1196506911.html">the original</a> on 2 May 2013. Retrieved 28 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+hub+for+freedom+struggle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1P3-1196506911.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zakaria2004-89"><a href="#cite_ref-Zakaria2004_89-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRafiq_Zakaria2004" class="citation book cs1">Rafiq Zakaria (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2RdITXUpyVgC&pg=PA152">The Man Who Divided India</a>. Popular Prakashan. pp. 152–158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7991-145-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7991-145-7"><bdi>978-81-7991-145-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523062504/http://books.google.com/books?id=2RdITXUpyVgC&pg=PA152">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Man+Who+Divided+India&rft.pages=152-158&rft.pub=Popular+Prakashan&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-81-7991-145-7&rft.au=Rafiq+Zakaria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2RdITXUpyVgC%26pg%3DPA152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Singh2008-90"><a href="#cite_ref-Singh2008_90-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUpinder_Singh2008" class="citation book cs1">Upinder Singh (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GW5Gx0HSXKUC&pg=PA4">A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century</a>. Pearson Education India. pp. 4–6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-317-1677-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-317-1677-9"><bdi>978-81-317-1677-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523043139/http://books.google.com/books?id=GW5Gx0HSXKUC&pg=PA4">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ancient+and+Early+Medieval+India%3A+From+the+Stone+Age+to+the+12th+Century&rft.pages=4-6&rft.pub=Pearson+Education+India&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-81-317-1677-9&rft.au=Upinder+Singh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGW5Gx0HSXKUC%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150301154738/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/Uneasy-calm-prevails-in-old-Allahabad-areas/articleshow/15551299.cms?referral=PM">"Uneasy calm prevails in old Allahabad areas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. 19 August 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-19/allahabad/33272775_1_flag-march-office-bearers-city-areas">the original</a> on 1 March 2015. Retrieved 13 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Uneasy+calm+prevails+in+old+Allahabad+areas&rft.date=2012-08-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com%2F2012-08-19%2Fallahabad%2F33272775_1_flag-march-office-bearers-city-areas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TGEIAAp57-92">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TGEIAAp57_92-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TGEIAAp57_92-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonathan_M._BloomSheila_Blai2009" class="citation book cs1">Jonathan M. Bloom; Sheila Blai (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=un4WcfEASZwC&pg=PA57">The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture, Volume 3</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8125013839" title="Special:BookSources/978-8125013839"><bdi>978-8125013839</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181115155217/https://books.google.com/books?id=un4WcfEASZwC&pg=PA57#v=onepage&q=holy">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Grove+Encyclopedia+of+Islamic+Art+and+Architecture%2C+Volume+3&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-8125013839&rft.au=Jonathan+M.+Bloom&rft.au=Sheila+Blai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dun4WcfEASZwC%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AHVLp14-93">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AHVLp14_93-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AHVLp14_93-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry_George_Keene1875" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Henry_George_Keene_(1826%E2%80%931915)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry George Keene (1826–1915)">Henry George Keene</a> (1875). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EfGFMpm8UbAC&pg=PA15">A Hand-book for Visitors to Lucknow: With Preliminary Notes on Allahabad and Cawnpore</a>. 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Jetley. pp. 14–15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8120615274" title="Special:BookSources/978-8120615274"><bdi>978-8120615274</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180303145457/https://books.google.com/books?id=EfGFMpm8UbAC&pg=PA15">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Hand-book+for+Visitors+to+Lucknow%3A+With+Preliminary+Notes+on+Allahabad+and+Cawnpore&rft.pages=14-15&rft.pub=J.+Jetley&rft.date=1875&rft.isbn=978-8120615274&rft.au=Henry+George+Keene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEfGFMpm8UbAC%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heritage-94"><a href="#cite_ref-Heritage_94-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130615011052/http://www.airallahabad.gov.in/inner.php?conf=1133">"Colonial period buildings in city"</a>. 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Buddhist Publication Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9552401978" title="Special:BookSources/978-9552401978"><bdi>978-9552401978</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210819125318/https://books.google.com/books?id=oZ-Qa_jRVMYC&pg=PA140">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 22 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Middle+Land%2C+Middle+Way%3A+A+Pilgrim%27s+Guide+to+the+Buddha%27s+India&rft.pub=Buddhist+Publication+Society&rft.date=2008-12-01&rft.isbn=978-9552401978&rft.aulast=Dhammika&rft.aufirst=Shravasti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoZ-Qa_jRVMYC%26pg%3DPA140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/cities/en/">WHO Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database (update 2016)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170301221905/http://who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/cities/en/">Archived</a> 1 March 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, World Health Organization. See the spreadsheet "Ambient (outdoor) air pollution database, by country and city" to which this page links. 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Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh Publishing House. p. 530. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-211-0077-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-211-0077-9"><bdi>978-81-211-0077-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523062959/http://books.google.com/books?id=tBq1AAAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flora+of+Allahabad+District%2C+Uttar+Pradesh%2C+India&rft.pages=530&rft.pub=Bishen+Singh+Mahendra+Pal+Singh+Publishing+House&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-81-211-0077-9&rft.au=Bal+Krishna+Misra&rft.au=Birendra+Kumar+Verma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtBq1AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KalaMuseum2000a-125"><a href="#cite_ref-KalaMuseum2000a_125-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSatish_Chandra_KalaAllahabad_Municipal_Museum2000" class="citation book cs1">Satish Chandra Kala; Allahabad Municipal Museum (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lP3VAAAAMAAJ">Flora and fauna in art: particularly in terracottas</a>. Allahabad Museum. pp. 22–38. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523073216/http://books.google.com/books?id=lP3VAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flora+and+fauna+in+art%3A+particularly+in+terracottas&rft.pages=22-38&rft.pub=Allahabad+Museum&rft.date=2000&rft.au=Satish+Chandra+Kala&rft.au=Allahabad+Municipal+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlP3VAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-river_belt-126"><a href="#cite_ref-river_belt_126-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianexpress.com/news/allahabad-museum-to-document-flora-fauna-of-gangayamuna-belt/854561/">"Allahabad museum to document flora, fauna of Ganga-Yamuna belt"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a>. 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APH Publishing. p. 61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-313-0294-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-313-0294-1"><bdi>978-81-313-0294-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523073400/http://books.google.com/books?id=0UeDTX6HEK8C&pg=PA61">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Environment+Biotechnology&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=APH+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-81-313-0294-1&rft.au=S.K.Agarwal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0UeDTX6HEK8C%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Siberian_birds-128"><a href="#cite_ref-Siberian_birds_128-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAarti2009" class="citation news cs1">Aarti, Aggarwal (2 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/allahabad/Siberian-birds-flock-Sangam-other-wetlands/articleshow/5190171.cms">"Siberian birds flock Sangam, other wetlands"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130224054524/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-11-02/allahabad/28062841_1_migratory-birds-pond-heron-cattle-egret">Archived</a> from the original on 24 February 2013. Retrieved 4 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Siberian+birds+flock+Sangam%2C+other+wetlands&rft.date=2009-11-02&rft.aulast=Aarti&rft.aufirst=Aggarwal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fallahabad%2FSiberian-birds-flock-Sangam-other-wetlands%2Farticleshow%2F5190171.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-censusindia1-129"><a href="#cite_ref-censusindia1_129-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130217053707/http://www.populstat.info/Asia/indiat.htm">"India, historical demographical data of the urban centers"</a>. www.populstat.info. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.populstat.info/Asia/indiat.htm">the original</a> on 17 February 2013. 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Retrieved 7 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=A-4+Towns+And+Urban+Agglomerations+Classified+By+Population+Size+Class+In+2011+With+Variation+Since+1901&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Registrar+General+%26+Census+Commissioner%2C+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2FPCA%2FA4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-censusdata2011-131"><a href="#cite_ref-censusdata2011_131-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/138-allahabad.html">"Population by Religious Community"</a>. 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Retrieved 3 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Census+of+India&rft.atitle=Average+literacy+rate+of+Allahabad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census2011.co.in%2Fquestions%2F546%2Fdistrict-literacy%2Fliteracy-rate-of-allahabad-district-2011.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCRB-136"><a href="#cite_ref-NCRB_136-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110622023825/http://ncrb.nic.in/CII2008/cii-2008/Snapshots.pdf">"Snaphhots – 2008"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/National_Crime_Records_Bureau" title="National Crime Records Bureau">National Crime Records Bureau</a>. 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Indian Administration (6th ed.). <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>: Orient Blackswan Private Ltd. pp. 563–572. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8125019886" title="Special:BookSources/978-8125019886"><bdi>978-8125019886</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Administration&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=563-572&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Orient+Blackswan+Private+Ltd.&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-8125019886&rft.aulast=Maheshwari&rft.aufirst=S.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:52-139"><a href="#cite_ref-:52_139-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh1993" class="citation book cs1">Singh, G.P. (1993). Revenue administration in India: A case study of Bihar. <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>: Mittal Publications. pp. 26–129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8170993810" title="Special:BookSources/978-8170993810"><bdi>978-8170993810</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revenue+administration+in+India%3A+A+case+study+of+Bihar&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pages=26-129&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-8170993810&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=G.P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:62-140"><a href="#cite_ref-:62_140-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaxmikanth2014" class="citation book cs1">Laxmikanth, M. (2014). Governance in India (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Noida" title="Noida">Noida</a>: McGraw Hill Education. pp. 5.1–5.2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9339204785" title="Special:BookSources/978-9339204785"><bdi>978-9339204785</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Governance+in+India&rft.place=Noida&rft.pages=5.1-5.2&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=McGraw+Hill+Education&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-9339204785&rft.aulast=Laxmikanth&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-141"><a href="#cite_ref-:02_141-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uphome.gov.in/DM-UP-Contact.htm">"Contact Details of Commissioners and District Magistrates of U.P"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Home_(Uttar_Pradesh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Home (Uttar Pradesh)">Department of Home and Confidential</a>, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Government of Uttar Pradesh">Government of Uttar Pradesh</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816061300/http://uphome.gov.in/DM-UP-Contact.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 15 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Home+and+Confidential%2C+Government+of+Uttar+Pradesh&rft.atitle=Contact+Details+of+Commissioners+and+District+Magistrates+of+U.P&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuphome.gov.in%2FDM-UP-Contact.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-142"><a href="#cite_ref-:12_142-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110210045547/http://niyuktionline.up.nic.in/DOCUMENTS/DMCFileCurrent.aspx">"जिलाधिकारी/मंडलायुक्त की सूची"</a> [List of District Magistrates and Divisional Commissioners]. Department of Appointments and Personnel, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Government of Uttar Pradesh">Government of Uttar Pradesh</a> (in Hindi). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://niyuktionline.up.nic.in/DOCUMENTS/DMCFileCurrent.aspx">the original</a> on 10 February 2011. Retrieved 15 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Appointments+and+Personnel%2C+Government+of+Uttar+Pradesh&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%2F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fniyuktionline.up.nic.in%2FDOCUMENTS%2FDMCFileCurrent.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-143">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_143-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_143-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_143-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170905060025/http://allahabad.nic.in/content/cug.pdf">"C.U.G. Mobile No. of Allahabad Administration"</a> (PDF). Allahabad District website. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allahabad.nic.in/content/cug.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 21 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Allahabad+District+website&rft.atitle=C.U.G.+Mobile+No.+of+Allahabad+Administration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fallahabad.nic.in%2Fcontent%2Fcug.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-144">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_144-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_144-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170905053739/http://allahabad.nic.in/admin.html">"DISTRICT ADMINISTRATION"</a>. Allahabad District Website. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allahabad.nic.in/admin.html">the original</a> on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Allahabad+District+Website&rft.atitle=DISTRICT+ADMINISTRATION&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fallahabad.nic.in%2Fadmin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:43-145"><a href="#cite_ref-:43_145-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaheshwari2000" class="citation book cs1">Maheshwari, S.R. (2000). Indian Administration (6th ed.). <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>: Orient Blackswan Private Ltd. pp. 573–597. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8125019886" title="Special:BookSources/978-8125019886"><bdi>978-8125019886</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Administration&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pages=573-597&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Orient+Blackswan+Private+Ltd.&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-8125019886&rft.aulast=Maheshwari&rft.aufirst=S.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-146"><a href="#cite_ref-:6_146-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaxmikanth2014" class="citation book cs1">Laxmikanth, M. (2014). Governance in India (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Noida" title="Noida">Noida</a>: McGraw Hill Education. pp. 6.1–6.6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9339204785" title="Special:BookSources/978-9339204785"><bdi>978-9339204785</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Governance+in+India&rft.place=Noida&rft.pages=6.1-6.6&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=McGraw+Hill+Education&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-9339204785&rft.aulast=Laxmikanth&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-147"><a href="#cite_ref-:5_147-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh1993" class="citation book cs1">Singh, G.P. (1993). Revenue administration in India: A case study of Bihar. <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>: Mittal Publications. pp. 50–124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8170993810" title="Special:BookSources/978-8170993810"><bdi>978-8170993810</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revenue+administration+in+India%3A+A+case+study+of+Bihar&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pages=50-124&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-8170993810&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=G.P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:32-148">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:32_148-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_148-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uppolice.gov.in/frmOfficials.aspx?allahabad">"Officers posted at ALLAHABAD"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_Police" title="Uttar Pradesh Police">Uttar Pradesh Police</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170821180136/https://uppolice.gov.in/frmOfficials.aspx?allahabad">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Uttar+Pradesh+Police&rft.atitle=Officers+posted+at+ALLAHABAD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuppolice.gov.in%2FfrmOfficials.aspx%3Fallahabad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adaallahabad.in/structure.php">"Structure"</a>. Allahabad Development Authority. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170915023108/http://adaallahabad.in/structure.php">Archived</a> from the original on 15 September 2017. Retrieved 14 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Allahabad+Development+Authority&rft.atitle=Structure&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadaallahabad.in%2Fstructure.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adaallahabad.in/inner.php?conf=contact">"CONTACT INFORMATION"</a>. Allahabad Development Authority. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170929133127/http://adaallahabad.in/inner.php?conf=contact">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2017. Retrieved 14 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Allahabad+Development+Authority&rft.atitle=CONTACT+INFORMATION&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadaallahabad.in%2Finner.php%3Fconf%3Dcontact&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nagar_nigam2-151">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nagar_nigam2_151-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nagar_nigam2_151-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120702114727/http://allahabadnagarnigam.in/english/about_nagarnigam_allahabad.htm">"Nagar Nigam – From the casement of history"</a>. Allahabad Nagar Nigam. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allahabadnagarnigam.in/english/about_nagarnigam_allahabad.htm">the original</a> on 2 July 2012. Retrieved 3 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nagar+Nigam+%E2%80%93+From+the+casement+of+history&rft.pub=Allahabad+Nagar+Nigam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fallahabadnagarnigam.in%2Fenglish%2Fabout_nagarnigam_allahabad.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Joshi-122-152">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Joshi-122_152-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Joshi-122_152-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoshi2008" class="citation book cs1">Joshi, Ashutosh (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UFaGME0XDBkC&pg=PA122">Town Planning Regeneration of Cities</a>. New India. p. 122. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8189422820" title="Special:BookSources/978-8189422820"><bdi>978-8189422820</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507101539/https://books.google.com/books?id=UFaGME0XDBkC&pg=PA122">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Town+Planning+Regeneration+of+Cities&rft.pages=122&rft.pub=New+India&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-8189422820&rft.aulast=Joshi&rft.aufirst=Ashutosh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUFaGME0XDBkC%26pg%3DPA122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> This book says that the Municipal Board of Allahabad was founded in 1863. </li> <li id="cite_note-CRISIL-April2015-153"><a href="#cite_ref-CRISIL-April2015_153-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allahabadmc.gov.in/documentslist/City_Development_Plan_Allahabad-2041.pdf">City Development Plan for Allahabad, 2041 (Final City Development Plan)</a> (PDF). CRISIL Risk and Infrastructure Solutions Limited (Report). April 2015. p. 132. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413041215/http://allahabadmc.gov.in/documentslist/City_Development_Plan_Allahabad-2041.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 10 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=City+Development+Plan+for+Allahabad%2C+2041+%28Final+City+Development+Plan%29&rft.pages=132&rft.date=2015-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fallahabadmc.gov.in%2Fdocumentslist%2FCity_Development_Plan_Allahabad-2041.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200423071652/http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache%3ARWS9Rxy9SAsJ%3Aallahabadmc.gov.in%2Fdocumentslist%2FMohalla-ward-list.pdf+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=in">"Nagar Nigam Allahabad"</a>. allahabadmc.gov.in. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allahabadmc.gov.in/documentslist/Mohalla-ward-list.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 23 April 2020. Retrieved 23 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=allahabadmc.gov.in&rft.atitle=Nagar+Nigam+Allahabad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fallahabadmc.gov.in%2Fdocumentslist%2FMohalla-ward-list.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170821130444/http://niyuktionline.up.nic.in/pcs/pcs_hod.aspx">"PCS OFFICERS (Posted as HOD)"</a>. Department of Appointment and Personnel, <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Government of Uttar Pradesh">Government of Uttar Pradesh</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://niyuktionline.up.nic.in/pcs/pcs_hod.aspx">the original</a> on 21 August 2017. Retrieved 21 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Appointment+and+Personnel%2C+Government+of+Uttar+Pradesh&rft.atitle=PCS+OFFICERS+%28Posted+as+HOD%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fniyuktionline.up.nic.in%2Fpcs%2Fpcs_hod.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allahabadmc.gov.in/documentslist/cug.pdf">"Allahabad Municipal Corporation —> Contact Details of CUG Mobile No.List"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Prayagraj_Municipal_Corporation" title="Prayagraj Municipal Corporation">Prayagraj Municipal Corporation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180818063638/http://allahabadmc.gov.in/documentslist/cug.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 18 August 2018. Retrieved 17 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Prayagraj+Municipal+Corporation&rft.atitle=Allahabad+Municipal+Corporation+%E2%80%94%3E+Contact+Details+of+CUG+Mobile+No.List&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fallahabadmc.gov.in%2Fdocumentslist%2Fcug.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Checklist-157"><a href="#cite_ref-Checklist_157-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121031123742/http://jnnurm.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/Allahabad_MoA1.pdf">"'Urban Reforms Agenda' under JNNURM"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_National_Urban_Renewal_Mission" title="Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission">Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jnnurm.nic.in/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/Allahabad_MoA1.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 31 October 2012. 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Retrieved 4 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Planning+Commission+of+India&rft.atitle=GDP+%26+per+capita+income+of+Allahabad&rft.date=2010-03-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplanningcommission.nic.in%2Fplans%2Fstateplan%2Fupsdr%2Fvol-1%2Fchap%25201.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Companies-168"><a href="#cite_ref-Companies_168-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFof_the_city." class="citation web cs1">of the city., accelerating the development. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exploreallahabad.com/economy-of-allahabad">"significant industrial organizations"</a>. 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Ministry of Corporate Affairs. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120916030108/http://www.mca.gov.in/Ministry/pdf/Section25_Companies_6nov2008.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 16 September 2012. Retrieved 25 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+Companies&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Corporate+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mca.gov.in%2FMinistry%2Fpdf%2FSection25_Companies_6nov2008.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/uttarpradesh/districts/allahabad.htm">"Industries that play a vital role in the economy of the district"</a>. 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Retrieved 29 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Full+list+of+98+smart+cities&rft.date=2015-08-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FFull-list-of-98-smart-cities%2Farticleshow%2F48694723.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=116383">"Smart City Task Forces for Ajmer, Allahabad and Visakhapatnam set up"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150921011341/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=116383">Archived</a> from the original on 21 September 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smart+City+Task+Forces+for+Ajmer%2C+Allahabad+and+Visakhapatnam+set+up&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpib.nic.in%2Fnewsite%2FPrintRelease.aspx%3Frelid%3D116383&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150130145832/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2015-01-27/news/58508253_1_smart-cities-task-force-three-cities">"India, US to set up task force to develop three Smart Cities"</a>. Economic Times. 27 January 2015. 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Retrieved 15 May 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=UP+board+exam%2C+the+world%27s+biggest%2C+to+start+on+18+February&rft.date=2015-12-17&rft.aulast=Dixit&rft.aufirst=Kapil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fallahabad%2FUP-board-exam-the-worlds-biggest-to-start-on-February-18%2Farticleshow%2F50220848.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Main_university-218">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Main_university_218-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Main_university_218-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allduniv.ac.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=141&Itemid=378">"Allahabad University"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Allahabad_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad University">Allahabad University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120717050032/http://www.allduniv.ac.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=141&Itemid=378">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 4 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Allahabad+University&rft.pub=Allahabad+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allduniv.ac.in%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D141%26Itemid%3D378&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vocational-219"><a href="#cite_ref-Vocational_219-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allduniv.ac.in/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=78&Itemid=223">"Center of Computer Education and Training"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Allahabad_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad University">Allahabad University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120717051416/http://www.allduniv.ac.in/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&layout=item&id=78&Itemid=223">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 4 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Center+of+Computer+Education+and+Training&rft.pub=Allahabad+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allduniv.ac.in%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_k2%26view%3Ditem%26layout%3Ditem%26id%3D78%26Itemid%3D223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Land_Marks-220">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Land_Marks_220-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Land_Marks_220-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allduniv.ac.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=143&Itemid=379">"University history"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Allahabad_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad University">Allahabad University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120717050042/http://www.allduniv.ac.in/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=143&Itemid=379">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 4 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+history&rft.pub=Allahabad+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allduniv.ac.in%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D143%26Itemid%3D379&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goel2009-221"><a href="#cite_ref-Goel2009_221-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS.L._Goel_Aruna_Goel2009" class="citation book cs1">S.L. Goel Aruna Goel (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L71yhsLOqtsC&pg=PA94">Educational Administration And Management:An Integrated Approach</a>. Deep & Deep Publications. p. 94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-8450-143-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-8450-143-8"><bdi>978-81-8450-143-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130523043914/http://books.google.com/books?id=L71yhsLOqtsC&pg=PA94">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Educational+Administration+And+Management%3AAn+Integrated+Approach&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=Deep+%26+Deep+Publications&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-81-8450-143-8&rft.au=S.L.+Goel+Aruna+Goel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL71yhsLOqtsC%26pg%3DPA94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mhrd.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/document-reports/TFR04032014.pdf">"Table Showing Grades Awards on the basis of the Second Review to 10 institutions originally placed in Category B"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141122091515/http://mhrd.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/document-reports/TFR04032014.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 22 November 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Table+Showing+Grades+Awards+on+the+basis+of+the+Second+Review+to+10+institutions+originally+placed+in+Category+B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmhrd.gov.in%2Fsites%2Fupload_files%2Fmhrd%2Ffiles%2Fdocument-reports%2FTFR04032014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alldstateuniversity.org/">"Allahabad State University"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160703030919/http://www.alldstateuniversity.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 July 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Allahabad+State+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alldstateuniversity.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dress-224">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dress_224-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dress_224-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRebika" class="citation news cs1">Rebika, Laishram. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/open-page/article3364929.ece">"The city have a very rich culture"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120909030055/http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/open-page/article3364929.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 9 September 2012. Retrieved 20 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=The+city+have+a+very+rich+culture&rft.aulast=Rebika&rft.aufirst=Laishram&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fopinion%2Fopen-page%2Farticle3364929.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Quick_facts-225"><a href="#cite_ref-Quick_facts_225-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFestivals" class="citation web cs1">Festivals, Fairs And. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130823161941/http://www.cultural-heritage-india.com/cities/allahabad.html">"The Prayag Tirtha"</a>. Cultural and Heritage, india. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cultural-heritage-india.com/cities/allahabad.html">the original</a> on 23 August 2013. Retrieved 12 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Prayag+Tirtha&rft.pub=Cultural+and+Heritage%2C+india&rft.aulast=Festivals&rft.aufirst=Fairs+And&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cultural-heritage-india.com%2Fcities%2Fallahabad.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Joshi2008-226"><a href="#cite_ref-Joshi2008_226-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshutosh_Joshi2008" class="citation book cs1">Ashutosh Joshi (1 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UFaGME0XDBkC&pg=PA151">Town Planning Regeneration of Cities</a>. New India Publishing. pp. 238–239. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-89422-82-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-89422-82-0"><bdi>978-81-89422-82-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180303145638/https://books.google.com/books?id=UFaGME0XDBkC&pg=PA151">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Town+Planning+Regeneration+of+Cities&rft.pages=238-239&rft.pub=New+India+Publishing&rft.date=2008-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-89422-82-0&rft.au=Ashutosh+Joshi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUFaGME0XDBkC%26pg%3DPA151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-virtue-227"><a href="#cite_ref-virtue_227-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120831053201/http://www.up-tourism.com/destination/allahabad/about.htm">"A city of many dimensions is what befits a description of Allahabad"</a>. 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Retrieved 21 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=European%2C+US+tourists+skip+Sangam+city&rft.date=2015-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fallahabad%2FEuropean-US-tourists-skip-Sangam-city%2Farticleshow%2F49300330.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pib-232"><a href="#cite_ref-pib_232-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=102161">"Education will lay the foundation of India's future, says President"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Press_Information_Bureau" title="Press Information Bureau">Press Information Bureau</a>, President's Secretariat. 25 December 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140924041508/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=102161">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2014. 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UPSC. 2 September 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120718014202/http://win2vin.wordpress.com/2009/09/02/list-of-jnanpith-award-winners-indias-highest-literary-award/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2012. 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Retrieved 25 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Stage+set+for+Indira+Marathon&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fallahabad%2FStage-set-for-Indira-Marathon-on-Nov-19%2Farticleshow%2F6932473.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Athletics-258"><a href="#cite_ref-Athletics_258-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharad2006" class="citation news cs1">Sharad, Deep (9 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130508221955/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/NM17/Now-Indira-Marathon-faces-cancellation/Article1-159481.aspx">"Indira Marathon faces cancellation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Times" title="Hindustan Times">Hindustan Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/NM17/Now-Indira-Marathon-faces-cancellation/Article1-159481.aspx">the original</a> on 8 May 2013. Retrieved 25 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Indira+Marathon+faces+cancellation&rft.date=2006-10-09&rft.aulast=Sharad&rft.aufirst=Deep&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2FNews-Feed%2FNM17%2FNow-Indira-Marathon-faces-cancellation%2FArticle1-159481.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dominates-259"><a href="#cite_ref-dominates_259-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVijay_Pratap2008" class="citation news cs1">Vijay Pratap, Singh (20 November 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianexpress.com/news/puneinstitutedominatesindiramarathon/388110/">"Pune institute dominates Indira Marathon"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210819130045/https://indianexpress.com/article/news-archive/pune-institute-dominates-indira-marathon/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 25 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Pune+institute+dominates+Indira+Marathon&rft.date=2008-11-20&rft.aulast=Vijay+Pratap&rft.aufirst=Singh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianexpress.com%2Fnews%2Fpuneinstitutedominatesindiramarathon%2F388110%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCunningham1879" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Cunningham" title="Alexander Cunningham">Cunningham, Alexander</a> (1879). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35693">Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum: Inscriptions of Ashoka</a>. Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.35693/page/n55">37</a>–38.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Corpus+Inscriptionum+Indicarum%3A+Inscriptions+of+Ashoka&rft.pages=37-38&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Superintendent+of+Government+Printing&rft.date=1879&rft.aulast=Cunningham&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.35693&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKane1953" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pandurang_Vaman_Kane" title="Pandurang Vaman Kane">Kane, P. V.</a> (1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/HistoryOfDharmasastraancientAndMediaevalReligiousAndCivilLawV.4">History of Dharmaśāstra: Ancient and Medieval Religious and Civil Law in India</a>. Vol. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Dharma%C5%9B%C4%81stra%3A+Ancient+and+Medieval+Religious+and+Civil+Law+in+India&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Kane&rft.aufirst=P.+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FHistoryOfDharmasastraancientAndMediaevalReligiousAndCivilLawV.4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrishnaswamyGhosh1935" class="citation journal cs1">Krishnaswamy, C.S.; <a href="/wiki/Amalananda_Ghosh" title="Amalananda Ghosh">Ghosh, Amalananda</a> (October 1935). "A Note on the Allahabad Pillar of Aśoka". The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. 4 (4): 697–706. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25201233">25201233</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland&rft.atitle=A+Note+on+the+Allahabad+Pillar+of+A%C5%9Boka&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=697-706&rft.date=1935-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25201233%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Krishnaswamy&rft.aufirst=C.S.&rft.au=Ghosh%2C+Amalananda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrayagraj" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Allahabad: A Study in Urban Geography, by Ujagir Singh. Published by Banaras Hindu University, 1966.</li> <li>Employment and Migration in Allahabad City, by Maheshchand, Mahesh Chand, India Planning Commission. Research Programmes Committee. Published by Oxford & IBH Pub. Co., 1969.</li> <li>Subah of Allahabad Under the Great Mughals, 1580–1707: 1580–1707, by Surendra Nath Sinha. Published by Jamia Millia Islamia, 1974.</li> <li>The Local Roots of Indian Politics: Allahabad, 1880–1920, by <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Bayly" title="Christopher Bayly">Christopher Alan Bayly</a>. Published by Clarendon Press, 1975.</li> <li>Triveni: Essays on the Cultural Heritage of Allahabad, by D. P. Dubey, Neelam Singh, Society of Pilgrimage Studies. Published by Society of Pilgrimage Studies, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-900520-2-0" title="Special:BookSources/81-900520-2-0">81-900520-2-0</a>.</li> <li>Magha Inscriptions in the Allahabad Museum, by Siddheshwari Narain Roy. Published by Raka Prakashana for the Museum, 1999.</li> <li>The Last Bungalow: Writings on Allahabad, by Arvind Krishna Mehrotra. Published by Penguin Books, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-310118-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-310118-8">0-14-310118-8</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V05_234.gif">Allahabad</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Imperial_Gazetteer_of_India" title="The Imperial Gazetteer of India">The Imperial Gazetteer of India</a>, 1909, v. 5, p. 226–242.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Prayagraj at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Prayagraj" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Prayagraj">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" 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"}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prayagraj_topics" title="Template:Prayagraj topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prayagraj_topics" title="Template talk:Prayagraj topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prayagraj_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prayagraj topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prayagraj" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prayagraj</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Prayagraj" title="History of Prayagraj">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Prayagraj" title="Timeline of Prayagraj">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Allahabad" title="Treaty of Allahabad">Treaty of Allahabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_of_India" title="List of capitals of India">Capital of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allahabad_Bank" title="Allahabad Bank">Allahabad Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_famine_of_1896%E2%80%9397" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian famine of 1896–97">Famine of 1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allahabad_Address" title="Allahabad Address">Allahabad Address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Kumbh_Mela_stampede" class="mw-redirect" title="1954 Kumbh Mela stampede">1954 Kumbh Mela stampede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Kumbh_Mela_stampede" class="mw-redirect" title="2013 Kumbh Mela stampede">2013 Kumbh Mela stampede</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamuna" title="Yamuna">Yamuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triveni_Sangam" title="Triveni Sangam">Sangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighbourhoods_of_Prayagraj" title="Neighbourhoods of Prayagraj">Neighborhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">Indian Standard Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doab" title="Doab">Doab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awadh" title="Awadh">Awadh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Buildings and locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allahabad_High_Court" title="Allahabad High Court">Allahabad High Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Museums and libraries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allahabad_Museum" title="Allahabad Museum">Allahabad Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anand_Bhavan" title="Anand Bhavan">Anand Bhavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allahabad_Public_Library" title="Allahabad Public Library">Allahabad Public Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Parks and gardens</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandrashekhar_Azad_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandrashekhar Azad Park">Alfred Park/Chandrashekhar Azad Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khusro_Bagh" title="Khusro Bagh">Khusro Bagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minto_Park,_Prayagraj" title="Minto Park, Prayagraj">Minto Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Places of worship</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triveni_Sangam" title="Triveni Sangam">Triveni Sangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati_Ghat" title="Saraswati Ghat">Saraswati Ghat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akshayavat" class="mw-redirect" title="Akshayavat">Akshayavat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alopi_Devi_Mandir" title="Alopi Devi Mandir">Alopi Devi Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Saints_Cathedral,_Prayagraj" title="All Saints Cathedral, Prayagraj">All Saints Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_Cathedral,_Prayagraj" title="St. Joseph's Cathedral, Prayagraj">St. Joseph’s Cathedral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Shopping centers and markets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Lines,_Prayagraj" title="Civil Lines, Prayagraj">Civil Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chowk,_Prayagraj" title="Chowk, Prayagraj">Chowk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madan_Mohan_Malviya_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Madan Mohan Malviya Stadium">Madan Mohan Malviya Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swaraj_Bhavan" title="Swaraj Bhavan">Swaraj Bhavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayo_Memorial_Hall" title="Mayo Memorial Hall">Mayo Memorial Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allahabad_Fort" title="Allahabad Fort">Allahabad Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allahabad_Pillar" title="Allahabad Pillar">Ashoka Pillar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_educational_institutions_in_Prayagraj" title="List of educational institutions in Prayagraj">Education and learning</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_educational_institutions_in_Prayagraj" title="List of educational institutions in Prayagraj">Universities, Colleges, Research Institutes and Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawahar_Planetarium" title="Jawahar Planetarium">Jawahar Planetarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayag_Sangeet_Samiti" title="Prayag Sangeet Samiti">Prayag Sangeet Samiti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Pioneer_(India)" title="The Pioneer (India)">The Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Leader_(Allahabad_newspaper)" title="The Leader (Allahabad newspaper)">The Leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._H._Wheeler" title="A. H. Wheeler">A. H. Wheeler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Culture and Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prayag_Kumbh_Mela" title="Prayag Kumbh Mela">Kumbh Mela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Marathon" title="Indira Marathon">Indira Marathon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_2_(India)" title="National Highway 2 (India)">National Highway 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allahabad_Bypass_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad Bypass Expressway">Prayagraj Bypass Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_and_roads_in_Prayagraj" title="List of streets and roads in Prayagraj">Roads and Streets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Yamuna_Bridge" title="New Yamuna Bridge">New Yamuna Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Naini_Bridge" title="Old Naini Bridge">Old Naini Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Waterway_1" title="National Waterway 1">National Waterway 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj_Junction_railway_station" title="Prayagraj Junction railway station">Prayagraj Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj_Metrolite" title="Prayagraj Metrolite">Prayagraj Metrolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj_Airport" title="Prayagraj Airport">Prayagraj Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_State_Road_Transport_Corporation" title="Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation">Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Central_Railway_zone" title="North Central Railway zone">NCR Headquarters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Prayagraj" title="List of tourist attractions in Prayagraj">Notable landmarks (tourist attractions)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Prayagraj" title="List of people from Prayagraj">List of people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_relating_to_Prayagraj" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_relating_to_Prayagraj" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles relating to Prayagraj</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prayagraj_landmarks" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prayagraj_landmarks" title="Template:Prayagraj landmarks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prayagraj_landmarks" title="Template talk:Prayagraj landmarks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prayagraj_landmarks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prayagraj landmarks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prayagraj_landmarks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prayagraj</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Prayagraj" title="List of tourist attractions in Prayagraj">landmarks</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Buildings and structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Bridges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Yamuna_Bridge" title="New Yamuna Bridge">New Yamuna Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Naini_Bridge" title="Old Naini Bridge">Old Naini Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allahabad_High_Court" title="Allahabad High Court">Allahabad High Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_Police" title="Uttar Pradesh Police">State Police Headquarters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Museums and libraries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allahabad_Museum" title="Allahabad Museum">Allahabad Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allahabad_Public_Library" title="Allahabad Public Library">Allahabad Public Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anand_Bhavan" title="Anand Bhavan">Anand Bhavan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Observatories and Planeteriums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allahabad_Observatory" title="Allahabad Observatory">Allahabad Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawahar_Planetarium" title="Jawahar Planetarium">Jawahar Planetarium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Parks and Gardens</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Park">Alfred Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar_Azad_Park" title="Chandra Shekhar Azad Park">Chandra Shekhar Azad Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khusro_Bagh" title="Khusro Bagh">Khusro Bagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minto_Park,_Prayagraj" title="Minto Park, Prayagraj">Minto Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Places of worship</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triveni_Sangam" title="Triveni Sangam">Triveni Sangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati_Ghat" title="Saraswati Ghat">Saraswati Ghat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankar_Viman_Mandapam" title="Shankar Viman Mandapam">Shankar Viman Mandapam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Saints_Cathedral,_Prayagraj" title="All Saints Cathedral, Prayagraj">All Saints Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_Cathedral,_Prayagraj" title="St. Joseph's Cathedral, Prayagraj">St. Joseph’s Cathedral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Shopping centers and Markets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Lines,_Prayagraj" title="Civil Lines, Prayagraj">Civil Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chowk,_Prayagraj" title="Chowk, Prayagraj">Chowk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madan_Mohan_Malviya_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Madan Mohan Malviya Stadium">Madan Mohan Malviya Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swaraj_Bhavan" title="Swaraj Bhavan">Swaraj Bhavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayo_Memorial_Hall" title="Mayo Memorial Hall">Mayo Memorial Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Allahabad" title="University of Allahabad">University of Allahabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allahabad_Fort" title="Allahabad Fort">Allahabad Fort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garhwa_Fort" title="Garhwa Fort">Garhwa Fort</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:11em;text-align: left;background-color: #eee;">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj_Junction" class="mw-redirect" title="Prayagraj Junction">Prayagraj Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj_Airport" title="Prayagraj Airport">Prayagraj Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj_Metrolite" title="Prayagraj Metrolite">Prayagraj Metrolite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Fests and Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prayag_Kumbh_Mela" title="Prayag Kumbh Mela">Kumbh Mela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Marathon" title="Indira Marathon">Indira Marathon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Prayagraj" title="History of Prayagraj">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Prayagraj" title="Timeline of Prayagraj">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Allahabad" title="Treaty of Allahabad">Treaty of Allahabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_capitals_of_India" title="List of capitals of India">Capital of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allahabad_Address" title="Allahabad Address">Allahabad Address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_Kumbh_Mela_stampede" class="mw-redirect" title="1954 Kumbh Mela stampede">1954 Kumbh Mela stampede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Kumbh_Mela_stampede" class="mw-redirect" title="2013 Kumbh Mela stampede">2013 Kumbh Mela stampede</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Prayagraj" title="List of people from Prayagraj">List of people</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;">Roads and Streets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi_Marg_(Allahabad)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahatma Gandhi Marg (Allahabad)">MG Marg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Populated_places_in_Prayagraj_district" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prayagraj_district" title="Template:Prayagraj district"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prayagraj_district" title="Template talk:Prayagraj district"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prayagraj_district" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prayagraj district"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Populated_places_in_Prayagraj_district" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Populated places in <a href="/wiki/Prayagraj_district" title="Prayagraj district">Prayagraj district</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;">Cities and towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharatganj" title="Bharatganj">Bharatganj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chak_Imam_Ali" title="Chak Imam Ali">Chak Imam Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handia,_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Handia, Uttar Pradesh">Handia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhusi" title="Jhusi">Jhusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhusi_Kohna" title="Jhusi Kohna">Jhusi Kohna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karchana" title="Karchana">Karchana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koraon" title="Koraon">Koraon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Gopalganj_Nindaura" title="Lal Gopalganj Nindaura">Lal Gopalganj Nindaura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manauri_bajar" title="Manauri bajar">Manauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mau_Aima" title="Mau Aima">Mau Aima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phulpur,_Prayagraj" title="Phulpur, Prayagraj">Phulpur</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prayagraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadar,_Prayagraj" title="Sadar, Prayagraj">Sadar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shankargarh" title="Shankargarh">Shankargarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirsa,_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Sirsa, Uttar Pradesh">Sirsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soraon" title="Soraon">Soraon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;">Villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akauni" title="Akauni">Akauni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antahiya" title="Antahiya">Antahiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagai_Khurda" title="Bagai Khurda">Bagai Khurda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajaha_Makanpur" title="Bajaha Makanpur">Bajaha Makanpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajaha_Mishran" title="Bajaha Mishran">Bajaha Mishran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bala,_Prayagraj" title="Bala, Prayagraj">Bala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barera" title="Barera">Barera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barokhar" title="Barokhar">Barokhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baron,_Prayagraj" title="Baron, Prayagraj">Baron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bikar,_Prayagraj" title="Bikar, Prayagraj">Bikar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chak_Gharpur" title="Chak Gharpur">Chak Gharpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chak_hinauta" class="mw-redirect" title="Chak hinauta">Chak hinauta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakdida" title="Chakdida">Chakdida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamoo" title="Chamoo">Chamoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhatanag" title="Chhatanag">Chhatanag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhedi_Ka_Pura" title="Chhedi Ka Pura">Chhedi Ka Pura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhibaiyan" title="Chhibaiyan">Chhibaiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dandupur" title="Dandupur">Dandupur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devripur_Sujauta" title="Devripur Sujauta">Devripur Sujauta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharampur,_Prayagraj" title="Dharampur, Prayagraj">Dharampur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodapur" title="Dodapur">Dodapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganeshipur_Uperhar" title="Ganeshipur Uperhar">Ganeshipur Uperhar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotawa" title="Gotawa">Gotawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hathigahan" title="Hathigahan">Hathigahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itiha_Ibrahimpur" title="Itiha Ibrahimpur">Itiha Ibrahimpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janghai" title="Janghai">Janghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jera,_Prayagraj" title="Jera, Prayagraj">Jera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaserua_Khurd" title="Kaserua Khurd">Kaserua Khurd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khairahat_Kalan" title="Khairahat Kalan">Khairahat Kalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khajuri_Kalan" title="Khajuri Kalan">Khajuri Kalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khajuri_Khurd" title="Khajuri Khurd">Khajuri Khurd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanapur,_Prayagraj" title="Khanapur, Prayagraj">Khanapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khuldabad,_Prayagraj" title="Khuldabad, Prayagraj">Khuldabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotaha" title="Kotaha">Kotaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotwa,_Prayagraj" title="Kotwa, Prayagraj">Kotwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilapur_Kalan" title="Lilapur Kalan">Lilapur Kalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madaraha" title="Madaraha">Madaraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahi,_Prayagraj" title="Mahi, Prayagraj">Mahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majhila" title="Majhila">Majhila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malava_Khurd" title="Malava Khurd">Malava Khurd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meja_Road" title="Meja Road">Meja Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammadpur_Umri" title="Mohammadpur Umri">Mohammadpur Umri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutthigunj" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutthigunj">Mutthigunj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nivaiya" title="Nivaiya">Nivaiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osa,_India" title="Osa, India">Osa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachdevara" title="Pachdevara">Pachdevara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panti,_Prayagraj" title="Panti, Prayagraj">Panti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phulhan" title="Phulhan">Phulhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pura_Jagannath" title="Pura Jagannath">Pura Jagannath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rambagh,_Prayagraj" title="Rambagh, Prayagraj">Rambagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahason" title="Sahason">Sahason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarserho" title="Sarserho">Sarserho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semari_Taluka_Purwa" title="Semari Taluka Purwa">Semari Taluka Purwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shringverpur" title="Shringverpur">Shringverpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soerae" title="Soerae">Soerae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulem_Sarai" title="Sulem Sarai">Sulem Sarai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarwai" title="Tarwai">Tarwai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unchdeeh" title="Unchdeeh">Unchdeeh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hindu_holy_cities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_holy_cities" title="Template:Hindu holy cities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hindu_holy_cities" title="Template talk:Hindu holy cities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu_holy_cities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hindu holy cities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hindu_holy_cities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> holy cities</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Char_Dham" title="Char Dham">Char Dham</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badrinath" title="Badrinath">Badrinath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badrinath_Temple" title="Badrinath Temple">Badrinath Temple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarka" title="Dwarka">Dwarka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dwarkadhish_Temple" title="Dwarkadhish Temple">Dwarkadhish Temple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puri" title="Puri">Puri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Temple,_Puri" title="Jagannath Temple, Puri">Jagannath Temple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rameswaram" title="Rameswaram">Rameswaram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramanathaswamy_Temple" title="Ramanathaswamy Temple">Ramanathaswamy Temple</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chota_Char_Dham" title="Chota Char Dham">Chota Char Dham</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badrinath" title="Badrinath">Badrinath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badrinath_Temple" title="Badrinath Temple">Badrinath Temple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangotri" title="Gangotri">Gangotri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedarnath" title="Kedarnath">Kedarnath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kedarnath_Temple" title="Kedarnath Temple">Kedarnath Temple</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamunotri" title="Yamunotri">Yamunotri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yamunotri_Temple" title="Yamunotri Temple">Yamunotri Temple</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Panch_Kedar" title="Panch Kedar">Panch Kedar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalpeshwar" title="Kalpeshwar">Kalpeshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedarnath" title="Kedarnath">Kedarnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhyamaheshwar" title="Madhyamaheshwar">Madhyamaheshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudranath" title="Rudranath">Rudranath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungnath" title="Tungnath">Tungnath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pancharama_Kshetras" title="Pancharama Kshetras">Pancharama Kshetras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amararama" title="Amararama">Amararama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draksharama" class="mw-redirect" title="Draksharama">Draksharama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ksheerarama" title="Ksheerarama">Ksheerarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumararama" title="Kumararama">Kumararama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somarama" title="Somarama">Somarama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Six_Abodes_of_Murugan" title="Six Abodes of Murugan">Six Abodes of Murugan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palani" title="Palani">Palani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arulmigu_Solaimalai_Murugan_Temple,_Pazhamudircholai" class="mw-redirect" title="Arulmigu Solaimalai Murugan Temple, Pazhamudircholai">Pazhamudircholai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swamimalai" title="Swamimalai">Swamimalai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruparankundram" title="Thiruparankundram">Thiruparankundram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruttani" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiruttani">Thiruttani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruchendur" title="Tiruchendur">Tiruchendur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trilinga_Kshetras" title="Trilinga Kshetras">Trilinga Kshetras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Draksharama" class="mw-redirect" title="Draksharama">Draksharama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaleshwaram" title="Kaleshwaram">Kaleshwaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srisailam" title="Srisailam">Srisailam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ashtavinayaka" title="Ashtavinayaka">Ashtavinayaka</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lenyadri" title="Lenyadri">Lenyadri</a> <ul><li>Girijatmaja</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahad" title="Mahad">Mahad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varadvinayak" title="Varadvinayak">Varadvinayaka</a></li></ul></li> <li>Morgaon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha_Temple,_Morgaon" title="Ganesha Temple, Morgaon">Mayureshwara</a></li></ul></li> <li>Ozar <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vigneshwara_Temple,_Ozar" title="Vigneshwara Temple, Ozar">Vighneswara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pali,_Raigad" title="Pali, Raigad">Pali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballaleshwar_Pali" title="Ballaleshwar Pali">Ballaleshwara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranjangaon" title="Ranjangaon">Ranjangaon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ranjangaon_Ganpati" title="Ranjangaon Ganpati">Mahaganapati</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddhatek" title="Siddhatek">Siddhatek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siddhivinayak_Temple,_Siddhatek" title="Siddhivinayak Temple, Siddhatek">Siddhivinayaka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chintamani_Temple,_Theur" title="Chintamani Temple, Theur">Theur</a> <ul><li>Chintamani</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jyotirlinga" title="Jyotirlinga">Jyotirlinga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deoghar" title="Deoghar">Deoghar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baidyanath_Temple" title="Baidyanath Temple">Vaidyanath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarka" title="Dwarka">Dwarka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nageshvara_Jyotirlinga" title="Nageshvara Jyotirlinga">Nageshvara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellora_Caves" title="Ellora Caves">Ellora Caves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grishneshwar_Temple" title="Grishneshwar Temple">Grishneshwar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedarnath" title="Kedarnath">Kedarnath</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kedarnath_Temple" title="Kedarnath Temple">Kedarnath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khandwa_district" title="Khandwa district">Khandwa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omkareshwar_Temple" title="Omkareshwar Temple">Omkareshwar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabhas_Patan" title="Prabhas Patan">Prabhas Patan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somnath_temple" title="Somnath temple">Somnath</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khed_taluka" title="Khed taluka">Rajgurunagar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhimashankar_Temple" title="Bhimashankar Temple">Bhimashankar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rameswaram" title="Rameswaram">Rameswaram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramanathaswamy_Temple" title="Ramanathaswamy Temple">Ramanathaswamy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srisailam" title="Srisailam">Srisailam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Srisailam#The_Temple" title="Srisailam">Mallikājuna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trimbak" title="Trimbak">Trimbak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trimbakeshwar_Shiva_Temple" title="Trimbakeshwar Shiva Temple">Trimbakeshwar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain">Ujjain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahakaleshwar_Jyotirlinga" title="Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga">Mahakaleshwar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashi_Vishwanath_Temple" title="Kashi Vishwanath Temple">Kasi Vishvanath</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pancha_Bhoota_Stalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Pancha Bhoota Stalam">Panchabootha Lingas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arunachalesvara_Temple" title="Arunachalesvara Temple">Annamalai (Fire)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tiruvannamalai" title="Tiruvannamalai">Tiruvannamalai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nataraja_Temple,_Chidambaram" title="Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram">Chidambaram (Ether)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chidambaram" title="Chidambaram">Chidambaram</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekambareswarar_Temple_(Kanchipuram)" title="Ekambareswarar Temple (Kanchipuram)">Ekambareswarar (Earth)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kanchipuram" title="Kanchipuram">Kanchipuram</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jambukeswarar_Temple,_Thiruvanaikaval" title="Jambukeswarar Temple, Thiruvanaikaval">Jambukeswarar (Water)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvanaikaval" title="Thiruvanaikaval">Thiruvanaikaval</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srikalahasteeswara_temple" title="Srikalahasteeswara temple">Srikalahasti (Air)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Srikalahasti" title="Srikalahasti">Srikalahasti</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pancha_Sabhai" title="Pancha Sabhai">Pancha Sabhas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thirukutralam" title="Thirukutralam">Art/Chithiram, Courtallam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nellaiappar_Temple" title="Nellaiappar Temple">Copper/Thamiram, Nellai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Vadaranyeswarar_Temple" title="Sri Vadaranyeswarar Temple">Emerald/Rathinam, Thiruvalangadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nataraja_Temple,_Chidambaram" title="Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram">Gold/Pon, Thillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meenakshi_Temple,_Madurai" class="mw-redirect" title="Meenakshi Temple, Madurai">Silver/Velli, Madurai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sapta_Puri" title="Sapta Puri">Sapta Puris</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain">Avantika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayodhya" title="Ayodhya">Ayodhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarka" title="Dwarka">Dwaravati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanchipuram" title="Kanchipuram">Kanchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Kashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathura" title="Mathura">Mathura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haridwar" title="Haridwar">Maya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shakti_Pitha" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakti Pitha">Shakti Peeths</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vimala_Temple" title="Vimala Temple">Vimala Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taratarini_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Taratarini Temple">Taratarini Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamakhya_Temple" title="Kamakhya Temple">Kamakhya Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalighat_Kali_Temple" title="Kalighat Kali Temple">Kalighat Kali Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kukkuteswara_Temple" title="Kukkuteswara Temple">Kukkuteswara Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koneswaram_Temple" title="Koneswaram Temple">Koneswaram Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamakshi_Amman_Temple" title="Kamakshi Amman Temple">Kamakshi Amman Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamundeshwari_Temple" title="Chamundeshwari Temple">Chamundeshwari Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahalakshmi_Temple,_Kolhapur" title="Mahalakshmi Temple, Kolhapur">Mahalakshmi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biraja_Temple" title="Biraja Temple">Biraja Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alopi_Devi_Mandir" title="Alopi Devi Mandir">Alopi Devi Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangla_Gauri_Temple" title="Mangla Gauri Temple">Mangla Gauri Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishalakshi_Temple" title="Vishalakshi Temple">Vishalakshi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti_Pitha#List_of_51_Shakti_Peethas" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakti Pitha">Others</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kumbha_Mela" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumbha Mela">Kumbha Kshetras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haridwar" title="Haridwar">Haridwar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haridwar_Kumbh_Mela" title="Haridwar Kumbh Mela">Haridwar Kumbha Mela</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nashik</a>-<a href="/wiki/Trimbak" title="Trimbak">Trimbak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nashik-Trimbakeshwar_Simhastha" title="Nashik-Trimbakeshwar Simhastha">Nashik-Trimbak Kumbha Mela</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prayagraj</a> (Prayaga) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prayag_Kumbh_Mela" title="Prayag Kumbh Mela">Prayaga Kumbha Mela</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain" title="Ujjain">Ujjain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_Simhastha" title="Ujjain Simhastha">Ujjain kumbha Mela</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chhath" title="Chhath">Sun Temple for Chhath Puja</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deo_Surya_Mandir" title="Deo Surya Mandir">Deo Sun Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umga_Sun_Temple" title="Umga Sun Temple">Umga Sun Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Navagraha_temples_in_Tamil_Nadu" title="Navagraha temples in Tamil Nadu">Navagraha temples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suryanar_Kovil" title="Suryanar Kovil">Suryanar Kovil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kailasanthar_Temple,Thingalur" class="mw-redirect" title="Kailasanthar Temple,Thingalur">Kailasanathar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaitheeswaran_Koil" title="Vaitheeswaran Koil">Vaitheeswaran Koil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swetharanyeswarar_Temple" title="Swetharanyeswarar Temple">Swetharanyeswarar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apatsahayesvarar_Temple,_Alangudi" title="Apatsahayesvarar Temple, Alangudi">Apatsahayesvarar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agniswarar_Temple,_Kanjanur" title="Agniswarar Temple, Kanjanur">Agniswarar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirunallar_Saniswaran_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirunallar Saniswaran Temple">Tirunallar Saniswaran Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahu_Stalam" class="mw-redirect" title="Rahu Stalam">Rahu Stalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagannathaswamy_Temple,_Keezhaperumpallam" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagannathaswamy Temple, Keezhaperumpallam">Nagannathaswamy Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Important</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amarnath_Temple" title="Amarnath Temple">Amarnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aundha_Nagnath" title="Aundha Nagnath">Aundha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahabaleshwar_Temple,_Gokarna" title="Mahabaleshwar Temple, Gokarna">Gokarna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kandariya_Mahadeva_Temple" title="Kandariya Mahadeva Temple">Khajuraho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudalasangama" title="Kudalasangama">Kudalasangama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingaraja_Temple" title="Lingaraja Temple">Lingaraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paadal_Petra_Sthalam" title="Paadal Petra Sthalam">Paadal Petra Sthalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brihadisvara_Temple,_Thanjavur" class="mw-redirect" title="Brihadisvara Temple, Thanjavur">Thanjavur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirupati" title="Tirupati">Tirupati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyagaraja_Temple,_Tiruvarur" title="Thyagaraja Temple, Tiruvarur">Thiruvarur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadakkunnathan_Temple" title="Vadakkunnathan Temple">Thrissur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaikom_Sree_Mahadeva_Temple" title="Vaikom Sree Mahadeva Temple">Vaikom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Samadhi_(shrine)" title="Samadhi (shrine)">Samadhis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alandi" title="Alandi">Alandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belur_Math" title="Belur Math">Belur Math</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsi_Ghat" title="Tulsi Ghat">Tulsi Ghat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meherabad" title="Meherabad">Meherabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirdi" title="Shirdi">Shirdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorakhpur" title="Gorakhpur">Gorakhpur</a></li> <li>Panchaganga Ghat</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puri" title="Puri">Puri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasanthi_Nilayam" title="Prasanthi Nilayam">Prasanthi Nilayam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahobilam" title="Ahobilam">Ahobilam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambaji" title="Ambaji">Ambaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambalappuzha" title="Ambalappuzha">Ambalappuzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annavaram" title="Annavaram">Annavaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arunachala" title="Arunachala">Arunachala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnana_Saraswati_Temple,_Basar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnana Saraswati Temple, Basar">Basar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita_Ramachandraswamy_Temple,_Bhadrachalam" title="Sita Ramachandraswamy Temple, Bhadrachalam">Bhadrachalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chidambaram" title="Chidambaram">Chidambaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitrakoot,_Madhya_Pradesh" title="Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh">Chitrakoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chottanikkara" title="Chottanikkara">Chottanikkara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakor" title="Dakor">Dakor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakshineswar_Kali_Temple" title="Dakshineswar Kali Temple">Dakshineswar Kali Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deo,_Bihar" title="Deo, Bihar">Deo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharmasthala" title="Dharmasthala">Dharmasthala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ettumanoor" title="Ettumanoor">Ettumanoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaya,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaya, India">Gaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gokul" title="Gokul">Gokul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guruvayur" title="Guruvayur">Guruvayur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Indraprastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jageshwar" title="Jageshwar">Jageshwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biraja_Temple" title="Biraja Temple">Jajpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalighat" title="Kalighat">Kalighat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari" title="Kanyakumari">Kanyakumari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishno_Devi_Temple" title="Vaishno Devi Temple">Katra Vaishno Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatushyamji,_Rajasthan" class="mw-redirect" title="Khatushyamji, Rajasthan">Khatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollur,_Udupi_district" title="Kollur, Udupi district">Kollur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_temples_in_Kumbakonam" title="List of Hindu temples in Kumbakonam">Kumbakonam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukshetra" title="Kurukshetra">Kurukshetra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangalagiri" title="Mangalagiri">Mangalagiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayapur" title="Mayapur">Mayapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabadwip" title="Nabadwip">Nabadwip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nashik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathdwara" title="Nathdwara">Nathdwara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandharpur" title="Pandharpur">Pandharpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allahabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad">Prayag</a> (<a href="/wiki/Triveni_Sangam" title="Triveni Sangam">Triveni Sangam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushkar" title="Pushkar">Pushkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushpagiri,_Andhra_Pradesh" title="Pushpagiri, Andhra Pradesh">Pushpagiri Temple Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rishikesh" title="Rishikesh">Rishikesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryali" title="Ryali">Ryali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabarimala" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabarimala">Sabarimala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti_Pitha" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakti Pitha">Shakti Pitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varaha_Lakshmi_Narasimha_temple,_Simhachalam" title="Varaha Lakshmi Narasimha temple, Simhachalam">Simhachalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somnath_temple" title="Somnath temple">Somnath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonamukhi" title="Sonamukhi">Sonamukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Kurmam" title="Sri Kurmam">Sri Kurmam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sringeri" title="Sringeri">Sringeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srirangam" title="Srirangam">Srirangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Akshardham_(Gandhinagar)" title="Swaminarayan Akshardham (Gandhinagar)">Swaminarayan Akshardham (Gandhinagar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Akshardham_(New_Delhi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaminarayan Akshardham (New Delhi)">Swaminarayan Akshardham (New Delhi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrippunithura" title="Thrippunithura">Thrippunithura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruchanur" title="Tiruchanur">Tiruchanur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirumala" title="Tirumala">Tirumala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirunavaya" title="Tirunavaya">Tirunavaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udupi" title="Udupi">Udupi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velliangiri_Mountains" title="Velliangiri Mountains">Velliangiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Rajeswara_Temple,_Vemulawada" title="Raja Rajeswara Temple, Vemulawada">Vemulawada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanaka_Durga_Temple" title="Kanaka Durga Temple">Vijayawada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrindavan" title="Vrindavan">Vrindavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lakshmi_Narasimha_Swamy_Temple,_Yadadri" title="Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy Temple, Yadadri">Yadagirigutta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Om_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aum"><img alt="Aum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/30px-Om_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/45px-Om_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Om_symbol.svg/60px-Om_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Out of India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ateshgah_of_Baku" title="Ateshgah of Baku">Ateshgah of Baku (Azerbaijan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%E1%BB%B9_S%C6%A1n" title="Mỹ Sơn">Bhadreshwaram (Vietnam)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganga_Talao" title="Ganga Talao">Ganga Talao (Mauritius)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraivan_Temple" title="Iraivan Temple">Iraivan temple (USA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaiyuan_Temple_(Quanzhou)" title="Kaiyuan Temple (Quanzhou)">Kadhalishwaram ruins (China)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Kailash" title="Mount Kailash">Mount Kailash (Tibet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Sivan_Temple" title="Sri Sivan Temple">Sivan temple (Singapore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanom_Rung_Historical_Park" title="Phanom Rung Historical Park">Sthūlādri (Thailand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_in_the_Sea" title="Temple in the Sea">Temple in the Sea (Trinidad and Tobago)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devasathan" title="Devasathan">Thewasathan Bot Phram</a> (<a href="/wiki/Giant_Swing" title="Giant Swing">Sao Chingcha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angkor_Wat" title="Angkor Wat">Angkor Wat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banteay_Srei" title="Banteay Srei">Tribhuvanamāhesvaram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_temple" title="Balinese temple">Balinese temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besakih_Temple" title="Besakih Temple">Besakih Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surawana" title="Surawana">Candi Surawana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangkuang" title="Cangkuang">Cangkuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceto_Temple" title="Ceto Temple">Ceto Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denpasar" title="Denpasar">Denpasar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieng_Plateau" title="Dieng Plateau">Dieng Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gebang" title="Gebang">Gebang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gedong_Songo" title="Gedong Songo">Gedong Songo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianyar_Regency" title="Gianyar Regency">Gianyar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunung_Kawi" title="Gunung Kawi">Gunung Kawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawi_Temple" title="Jawi Temple">Jawi Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidal_Temple" title="Kidal Temple">Kidal Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marga,_Tabanan" title="Marga, Tabanan">Marga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pejeng" title="Pejeng">Pejeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penataran" title="Penataran">Penataran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prambanan" title="Prambanan">Prambanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uluwatu_Temple" title="Uluwatu Temple">Pura Luhur Ulu Watu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pura_Penataran_Sasih" title="Pura Penataran Sasih">Pura Penataran Sasih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pura_Ulun_Danu_Batur" title="Pura Ulun Danu Batur">Pura Ulun Danu Batur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pura_Ulun_Danu_Bratan" title="Pura Ulun Danu Bratan">Pura Ulun Danu Bratan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prambanan" title="Prambanan">Shivagraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singhasari_temple" title="Singhasari temple">Singhasari temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukuh" title="Sukuh">Sukuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanah_Lot" title="Tanah Lot">Tanah Lot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirta_Empul" title="Tirta Empul">Tirta Empul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barahachhetra" class="mw-redirect" title="Barahachhetra">Chataradham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janakpur" title="Janakpur">Janakpurdham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathmandu" title="Kathmandu">Kathmandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashupatinath_Temple" title="Pashupatinath Temple">Pashupatinath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinglaj" title="Hinglaj">Hinglaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharada_Peeth" title="Sharada Peeth">Sharada Peeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multan_Sun_Temple" title="Multan Sun Temple">Multan Sun Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katas_Raj_Temples" title="Katas Raj Temples">Katas Raj Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amb_Temples" title="Amb Temples">Amb Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalat_Kali_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalat Kali Temple">Kalat Kali Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagarparkar_Temples" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagarparkar Temples">Nagarparkar Temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansehra_Shiva_Temple" title="Mansehra Shiva Temple">Mansehra Shiva Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lava_Temple" title="Lava Temple">Lava Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagannath_Temple,_Sialkot" class="mw-redirect" title="Jagannath Temple, Sialkot">Jagannath Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churrio_Jabal" class="mw-redirect" title="Churrio Jabal">Churrio Jabal Durga Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadh_Belo" title="Sadh Belo">Sadh Belo Island Mandir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafir_Kot" title="Kafir Kot">Kafir Kot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pancha_Ishwarams" title="Pancha Ishwarams">Pancheshwarams</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ketheeswaram_temple" title="Ketheeswaram temple">Ketheeshwaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koneswaram_Temple" title="Koneswaram Temple">Koneswaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munneswaram_temple" title="Munneswaram temple">Munneshwaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naguleswaram_temple" title="Naguleswaram temple">Naguleshwaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenavaram_temple" title="Tenavaram temple">Thondeshwaram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ati_Konanayakar" title="Ati Konanayakar">Ati Konanayakar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kataragama" title="Kataragama">Kataragama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokkadicholai_Thaanthonreeswarar_Temple" title="Kokkadicholai Thaanthonreeswarar Temple">Kokkadicholai Thaanthonreeswarar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathirakali_Amman_Temple" title="Pathirakali Amman Temple">Pathirakali Amman Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thambiluvil_Kannaki_Amman_Temple" title="Thambiluvil Kannaki Amman Temple">Thambiluvil Kannaki Amman Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thambiluvil_Sri_Sivalinga_Pillayar_Temple" title="Thambiluvil Sri Sivalinga Pillayar Temple">Thambiluvil Sri Sivalinga Pillayar Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirukkovil_Temple" title="Thirukkovil Temple">Thirukkovil Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" title="Template:Million-plus agglomerations in India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" title="Template talk:Million-plus agglomerations in India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Million-plus agglomerations in India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_million-plus_urban_agglomerations_in_India" title="List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India">Million-plus agglomerations</a> in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Zonal_Council" title="Northern Zonal Council">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li>Haryana: <a href="/wiki/Faridabad" title="Faridabad">Faridabad</a></li> <li>Jammu and Kashmir: <a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a></li> <li>Punjab: <a href="/wiki/Ludhiana" title="Ludhiana">Ludhiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amritsar" title="Amritsar">Amritsar</a></li> <li>Rajasthan: <a href="/wiki/Jaipur" title="Jaipur">Jaipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpur" title="Jodhpur">Jodhpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota,_Rajasthan" title="Kota, Rajasthan">Kota</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Zonal_Council" title="Central Zonal Council">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chhattisgarh: <a href="/wiki/Raipur" title="Raipur">Raipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhilai" title="Bhilai">Bhilai</a></li> <li>Madhya Pradesh: <a href="/wiki/Indore" title="Indore">Indore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabalpur" title="Jabalpur">Jabalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwalior" title="Gwalior">Gwalior</a></li> <li>Uttar Pradesh:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaziabad" title="Ghaziabad">Ghaziabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanpur" title="Kanpur">Kanpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meerut" title="Meerut">Meerut</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prayagraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Zonal_Council" title="Eastern Zonal Council">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bihar: <a href="/wiki/Patna" title="Patna">Patna</a></li> <li>Jharkhand: <a href="/wiki/Jamshedpur" title="Jamshedpur">Jamshedpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanbad" title="Dhanbad">Dhanbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchi" title="Ranchi">Ranchi</a></li> <li>West Bengal: <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asansol" title="Asansol">Asansol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Zonal_Council" title="Western Zonal Council">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Gujarat: <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad">Ahmedabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surat" title="Surat">Surat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadodara" title="Vadodara">Vadodara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajkot" title="Rajkot">Rajkot</a></li> <li>Maharashtra: <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nashik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasai-Virar" title="Vasai-Virar">Vasai-Virar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurangabad" title="Aurangabad">Aurangabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Zonal_Council" title="Southern Zonal Council">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Andhra Pradesh: <a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam" title="Visakhapatnam">Visakhapatnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayawada" title="Vijayawada">Vijayawada</a></li> <li>Karnataka: <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a></li> <li>Kerala: <a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Kozhikode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malappuram" title="Malappuram">Malappuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannur" title="Kannur">Kannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Kollam</a></li> <li>Tamil Nadu: <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coimbatore" title="Coimbatore">Coimbatore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli" title="Tiruchirappalli">Tiruchirappalli</a></li> <li>Telangana: <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prayagraj_division_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prayagraj_division_topics" title="Template:Prayagraj division topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prayagraj_division_topics" title="Template talk:Prayagraj division topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prayagraj_division_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prayagraj division topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prayagraj_division_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj_division" title="Prayagraj division">Prayagraj division</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allahabad_High_Court" title="Allahabad High Court">Allahabad High Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Allahabad" title="University of Allahabad">University of Allahabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doab" title="Doab">Doab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triveni_Sangam" title="Triveni Sangam">Triveni Sangam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayag_Kumbh_Mela" title="Prayag Kumbh Mela">Prayag Kumbh Mela</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1954_Prayag_Kumbh_Mela_stampede" title="1954 Prayag Kumbh Mela stampede">1954 Prayag Kumbh Mela stampede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Prayag_Kumbh_Mela_stampede" title="2013 Prayag Kumbh Mela stampede">2013 Prayag Kumbh Mela stampede</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Leader_(Allahabad_newspaper)" title="The Leader (Allahabad newspaper)">The Leader (Allahabad newspaper)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pioneer_(India)" title="The Pioneer (India)">The Pioneer (newspaper)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Higginbottom_University_of_Agriculture,_Technology_and_Sciences" title="Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences">Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mythology, history</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Prayagraj" title="History of Prayagraj">History of Prayagraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehru%E2%80%93Gandhi_family" title="Nehru–Gandhi family">Nehru–Gandhi family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Higginbottom" title="Sam Higginbottom">Sam Higginbottom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatehpur_district" title="Fatehpur district">Fatehpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaushambi_district" title="Kaushambi district">Kaushambi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratapgarh_district,_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh">Pratapgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj_district" title="Prayagraj district">Prayagraj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers, dams, lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ganges" title="Ganges">Ganges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamuna" title="Yamuna">Yamuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Languages, people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Standard Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awadhi_language" title="Awadhi language">Awadhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language">Hindustani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Highway_2_(India)" title="National Highway 2 (India)">National Highway 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Trunk_Road" title="Grand Trunk Road">Grand Trunk Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howrah%E2%80%93Delhi_main_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Howrah–Delhi main line">Howrah–Delhi main line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allahabad_Bypass_Expressway" class="mw-redirect" title="Allahabad Bypass Expressway">Allahabad Bypass Expressway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lok Sabha constituencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatehpur_Lok_Sabha_constituency" title="Fatehpur Lok Sabha constituency">Fatehpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratapgarh_Lok_Sabha_constituency" title="Pratapgarh Lok Sabha constituency">Pratapgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phulpur_Lok_Sabha_constituency" title="Phulpur Lok Sabha constituency">Phulpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj_Lok_Sabha_constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Prayagraj Lok Sabha constituency">Prayagraj</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Fatehpur_district" title="Template:Fatehpur district">Cities and towns in Fatehpur district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kaushambi_district" title="Template:Kaushambi district">Cities and towns in Kaushambi district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Pratapgarh_district,_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Template:Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh">Cities and towns in Pratapgarh district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Prayagraj_district" title="Template:Prayagraj district">Cities and towns in Prayagraj district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Villages_in_Fatehpur_district" title="Category:Villages in Fatehpur district">Villages in Fatehpur district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Villages_in_Kaushambi_district" title="Category:Villages in Kaushambi district">Villages in Kaushambi district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Villages_in_Pratapgarh_district,_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Category:Villages in Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh">Villages in Pratapgarh district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Villages_in_Prayagraj_district" title="Category:Villages in Prayagraj district">Villages in Prayagraj district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Fatehpur,_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Category:People from Fatehpur, Uttar Pradesh">People from Fatehpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Kaushambi_district" title="Category:People from Kaushambi district">People from Kaushambi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Pratapgarh,_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Category:People from Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh">People from Pratapgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Prayagraj" title="Category:People from Prayagraj">People from Prayagraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:University_of_Allahabad_alumni" title="Category:University of Allahabad alumni">University of Allahabad alumni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Agra_division_topics" title="Template:Agra division topics">Agra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Aligarh_division_topics" title="Template:Aligarh division topics">Aligarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Faizabad_division_topics" title="Template:Faizabad division topics">Ayodhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Azamgarh_division_topics" title="Template:Azamgarh division topics">Azamgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Bareilly_division_topics" title="Template:Bareilly division topics">Bareilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Basti_division_topics" title="Template:Basti division topics">Basti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Chitrakoot_division_topics" title="Template:Chitrakoot division topics">Chitrakoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Devipatan_division_topics" title="Template:Devipatan division topics">Devipatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Gorakhpur_division_topics" title="Template:Gorakhpur division topics">Gorakhpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Jhansi_division_topics" title="Template:Jhansi division topics">Jhansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Kanpur_division_topics" title="Template:Kanpur division topics">Kanpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Lucknow_division_topics" title="Template:Lucknow division topics">Lucknow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Meerut_division_topics" title="Template:Meerut division topics">Meerut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Mirzapur_Division_topics" title="Template:Mirzapur Division topics">Mirzapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Moradabad_division_topics" title="Template:Moradabad division topics">Moradabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Saharanpur_division_topics" title="Template:Saharanpur division topics">Saharanpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Varanasi_division_topics" title="Template:Varanasi division topics">Varanasi</a></li></ul> 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/141890377">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1278576/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJp9r36rw3TkhvwdXvy68C">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4084961-2">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80049520">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11945691p">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11945691p">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge1035428&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX6079086">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007564211505171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/73277f94-149f-4e89-a8dd-fc4a9c9952aa">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/..Uttar_Pradesh_Flag%28INDIA%29.png/46px-..Uttar_Pradesh_Flag%28INDIA%29.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="454" /> <a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">Capital</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Uttar_Pradesh" title="Category:Uttar Pradesh">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="History of Uttar Pradesh">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Geography of Uttar Pradesh">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Government of Uttar Pradesh">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Economy of Uttar Pradesh">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Culture of Uttar Pradesh">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Architecture of Uttar Pradesh">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Tourism in Uttar Pradesh">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Demographics of Uttar Pradesh">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Education in Uttar Pradesh">Education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_administration" title="Public administration">Administration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Government of Uttar Pradesh">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly" title="Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_Legislative_Council" title="Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council">Legislative Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chief_ministers_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="List of chief ministers of Uttar Pradesh">Chief Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="List of governors of Uttar Pradesh">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allahabad_High_Court" title="Allahabad High Court">High Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh_Police" title="Uttar Pradesh Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Emblem of Uttar Pradesh">Emblem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awadh" title="Awadh">Awadh</a> (Central Uttar Pradesh)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purvanchal" title="Purvanchal">Purvanchal</a> (Eastern Uttar Pradesh)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Western Uttar Pradesh">Western Uttar Pradesh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Administrative divisions of Uttar Pradesh">Divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agra_division" title="Agra division">Agra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aligarh_division" title="Aligarh division">Aligarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayodhya_division" title="Ayodhya division">Ayodhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azamgarh_division" title="Azamgarh division">Azamgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bareilly_division" title="Bareilly division">Bareilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basti_division" title="Basti division">Basti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitrakoot_division" title="Chitrakoot division">Chitrakoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devipatan_division" title="Devipatan division">Devipatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorakhpur_division" title="Gorakhpur division">Gorakhpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhansi_division" title="Jhansi division">Jhansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanpur_division" title="Kanpur division">Kanpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow_division" title="Lucknow division">Lucknow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meerut_division" title="Meerut division">Meerut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirzapur_division" title="Mirzapur division">Mirzapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moradabad_division" title="Moradabad division">Moradabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj_division" title="Prayagraj division">Prayagraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saharanpur_division" title="Saharanpur division">Saharanpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varanasi_division" title="Varanasi division">Varanasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Uttar_Pradesh" title="List of districts of Uttar Pradesh">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agra_district" title="Agra district">Agra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aligarh_district" title="Aligarh district">Aligarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayodhya_district" title="Ayodhya district">Ayodhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambedkar_Nagar_district" title="Ambedkar Nagar district">Ambedkar Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amethi_district" title="Amethi district">Amethi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amroha_district" title="Amroha district">Amroha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auraiya_district" title="Auraiya district">Auraiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azamgarh_district" title="Azamgarh district">Azamgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagpat_district" title="Bagpat district">Bagpat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahraich_district" title="Bahraich district">Bahraich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballia_district" title="Ballia district">Ballia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balrampur_district,_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Balrampur district, Uttar Pradesh">Balrampur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_district,_India" title="Banda district, India">Banda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barabanki_district" title="Barabanki district">Barabanki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bareilly_district" title="Bareilly district">Bareilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basti_district" title="Basti district">Basti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhadohi_district" title="Bhadohi district">Bhadohi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bijnor_district" title="Bijnor district">Bijnor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budaun_district" title="Budaun district">Budaun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulandshahr_district" title="Bulandshahr district">Bulandshahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandauli_district" title="Chandauli district">Chandauli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chitrakoot_district" title="Chitrakoot district">Chitrakoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deoria_district" title="Deoria district">Devaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etah_district" title="Etah district">Etah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etawah_district" title="Etawah district">Etawah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farrukhabad_district" title="Farrukhabad district">Farrukhabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatehpur_district" title="Fatehpur district">Fatehpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firozabad_district" title="Firozabad district">Firozabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautam_Buddha_Nagar_district" title="Gautam Buddha Nagar district">Gautam Buddha Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaziabad_district" title="Ghaziabad district">Ghaziabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghazipur_district" title="Ghazipur district">Ghazipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonda_district" title="Gonda district">Gonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorakhpur_district" title="Gorakhpur district">Gorakhpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamirpur_district,_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Hamirpur district, Uttar Pradesh">Hamirpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardoi_district" title="Hardoi district">Hardoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hathras_district" title="Hathras district">Hathras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalaun_district" title="Jalaun district">Jalaun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaunpur_district" title="Jaunpur district">Jaunpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhansi_district" title="Jhansi district">Jhansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannauj_district" title="Kannauj district">Kannauj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanpur_Dehat_district" title="Kanpur Dehat district">Kanpur Dehat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanpur_Nagar_district" title="Kanpur Nagar district">Kanpur Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasganj_district" title="Kasganj district">Kasganj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaushambi_district" title="Kaushambi district">Kaushambi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushinagar_district" title="Kushinagar district">Kushinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakhimpur_Kheri_district" title="Lakhimpur Kheri district">Lakhimpur Kheri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lalitpur_district,_India" title="Lalitpur district, India">Lalitpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow_district" title="Lucknow district">Lucknow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharajganj_district" title="Maharajganj district">Maharajganj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahoba_district" title="Mahoba district">Mahoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainpuri_district" title="Mainpuri district">Mainpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathura_district" title="Mathura district">Mathura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mau_district" title="Mau district">Mau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meerut_district" title="Meerut district">Meerut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirzapur_district" title="Mirzapur district">Mirzapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moradabad_district" title="Moradabad district">Moradabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzaffarnagar_district" title="Muzaffarnagar district">Muzaffarnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilibhit_district" title="Pilibhit district">Pilibhit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pratapgarh_district,_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh">Pratapgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj_district" title="Prayagraj district">Prayagraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raebareli_district" title="Raebareli district">Raebareli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rampur_district" title="Rampur district">Rampur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saharanpur_district" title="Saharanpur district">Saharanpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sambhal_district" title="Sambhal district">Sambhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Kabir_Nagar_district" title="Sant Kabir Nagar district">Sant Kabir Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahjahanpur_district" title="Shahjahanpur district">Shahjahanpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamli_district" title="Shamli district">Shamli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shravasti_district" title="Shravasti district">Shravasti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddharthnagar_district" title="Siddharthnagar district">Siddharthnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitapur_district" title="Sitapur district">Sitapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonbhadra_district" title="Sonbhadra district">Sonbhadra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanpur_district" title="Sultanpur district">Sultanpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unnao_district" title="Unnao district">Unnao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varanasi_district" title="Varanasi district">Varanasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Uttar_Pradesh_by_population" title="List of cities in Uttar Pradesh by population">Major cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aligarh" title="Aligarh">Aligarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayodhya" title="Ayodhya">Ayodhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bareilly" title="Bareilly">Bareilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaziabad" title="Ghaziabad">Ghaziabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorakhpur" title="Gorakhpur">Gorakhpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jhansi" title="Jhansi">Jhansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanpur" title="Kanpur">Kanpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathura" title="Mathura">Mathura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meerut" title="Meerut">Meerut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moradabad" title="Moradabad">Moradabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noida" title="Noida">Noida</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Prayagraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saharanpur" title="Saharanpur">Saharanpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vrindavan" title="Vrindavan">Vrindavan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhkatiya_Kala_Khas" title="Adhkatiya Kala Khas">Adhkatiya Kala Khas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aharak" title="Aharak">Aharak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahiran,_Pindra" title="Ahiran, Pindra">Ahiran, Pindra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahirani,_Pindra" title="Ahirani, Pindra">Ahirani, Pindra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aily" title="Aily">Aily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aitha" title="Aitha">Aitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajaipur" title="Ajaipur">Ajaipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhari" title="Akhari">Akhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akorha" title="Akorha">Akorha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaut" title="Amaut">Amaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amawar" title="Amawar">Amawar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amilo,_Varanasi" title="Amilo, Varanasi">Amilo, Varanasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Araji_Line" title="Araji Line">Araji Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babhanpura" title="Babhanpura">Babhanpura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghirua" title="Baghirua">Baghirua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baliakheri" title="Baliakheri">Baliakheri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhelupur,_Varanasi" title="Bhelupur, Varanasi">Bhelupura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadpur" title="Chadpur">Chadpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabethuwa" title="Dabethuwa">Dabethuwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deorai" title="Deorai">Deorai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eshipur" title="Eshipur">Eshipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harora_Aht." title="Harora Aht.">Harora Aht.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harora_Must." title="Harora Must.">Harora Must.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jafarabad,_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Jafarabad, Uttar Pradesh">Jafarabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janakpatti" title="Janakpatti">Janakpatti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayapur" title="Jayapur">Jayapur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathiraon" title="Kathiraon">Kathiraon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanzadipur" title="Khanzadipur">Khanzadipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuri,_Varanasi" title="Kuri, Varanasi">Kuri, Varanasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamhi" title="Lamhi">Lamhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehdiganj" title="Mehdiganj">Mehdiganj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoolpur" title="Phoolpur">Phoolpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raghunathpur,_Uttar_Pradesh" title="Raghunathpur, Uttar Pradesh">Raghunathpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajesultanpur" title="Rajesultanpur">Rajesultanpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saifai" title="Saifai">Saifai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisaura" title="Tisaura">Tisaura</a></li> <li><a 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[\"CITEREFBal_Krishna_MisraBirendra_Kumar_Verma1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarbara_N._Ramusack2004\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBhai_Nahar_SinghBhai_Kirpal_Singh1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBhatt2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBhattacharjee2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBhawan_Singh_Rana2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBhikkhu_Nanamoli_(Tr)Bhikkhu_Bodhi(Tr)1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChristian_Lee_Novetzke2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCunningham1879\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFD._B._Dubey2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeo_Prakash_Sharma\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeo_Prakash_Sharma2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDhammika2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDhiman2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDiana_L._Eck2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDilip_Kumar_Chakrabarti2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDixit2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDixit2015\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFEdward_John_ThompsonGeoffrey_Theodore_Garratt1962\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFestivals\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFH.S._Bhatia2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHayden_J._Bellenoit2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenry_George_Keene1875\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIndia_Today_Web_Desk2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohn_F._Richards1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohn_Irwin1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohn_Irwin1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJonathan_M._BloomSheila_Blai2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJoshi2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFK._A._Nilakanta_Shastri1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFK._Krishnamoorthy1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKama_MacLean2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKama_Maclean2008\"] = 5,\n [\"CITEREFKane1953\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarel_Werner1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKenneth_Pletcher2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKerry_Ward2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhanal2015\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFKhicharNiwas2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrishnaswamyGhosh1935\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaxmikanth2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFLudo_Rocher1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaheshwari2000\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMani2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMani2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMani2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMathur2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMohammad2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMonier-Williams\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOffice_of_the_Development_Commissioner_(Small_Scale_Industries)1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOffice_of_the_Development_Commissioner_(Small_Scale_Industries)2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFP._Dayaratnam2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPandey2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeter_Gaeffke1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPletcher2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFR_Burn1907\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRafiq_Zakaria2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRani_Das2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRebika\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFS.K.Agarwal1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFS.L._Goel_Aruna_Goel2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSailendra_Nath_Sen1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSailendra_Nath_Sen2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSatish_Chandra_KalaAllahabad_Municipal_Museum2000\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSharad2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharma2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShiva_Kumar_Dubey2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShukla2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingh1993\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSugata_BoseAyesha_Jalal2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSurendra_BhanaAnanda_M._PandiriE._S._(FRW)_ReddyUma_Dhupelia-Mesthrie1995\"] = 1,\n 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