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class="mw-page-title-main">Trinomial nomenclature</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinomiale_naam" title="Trinomiale naam – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Trinomiale naam" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="تسمية ثلاثية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تسمية ثلاثية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatura_trinomial" title="Nomenclatura trinomial – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nomenclatura trinomial" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatura_trinominal" title="Nomenclatura trinominal – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nomenclatura trinominal" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C" title="نام‌گذاری سه‌نامی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نام‌گذاری سه‌نامی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatura_trinomial" title="Nomenclatura trinomial – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nomenclatura trinomial" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="त्रिपद नाम पद्धति – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="त्रिपद नाम पद्धति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatanama_trinomial" title="Tatanama trinomial – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tatanama trinomial" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatura_trinomiale" title="Nomenclatura trinomiale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nomenclatura trinomiale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_jeneng_trinomial" title="Tata jeneng trinomial – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tata jeneng trinomial" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ტრინომიალური ნომენკლატურა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტრინომიალური ნომენკლატურა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A6_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF" title="ത്രിപദ നാമപദ്ധതി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ത്രിപദ നാമപദ്ധതി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatura_trinomial" title="Nomenclatura trinomial – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nomenclatura trinomial" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatur%C4%83_trinominal%C4%83" title="Nomenclatură trinominală – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nomenclatură trinominală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Триноминальная номенклатура – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Триноминальная номенклатура" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomu_trinumiali" title="Nomu trinumiali – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Nomu trinumiali" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinomial_nomenclature" title="Trinomial nomenclature – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Trinomial nomenclature" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri%C4%8Dlensko_poimenovanje" title="Tričlensko poimenovanje – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Tričlensko poimenovanje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Триномијална номенклатура – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Триномијална номенклатура" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="முச்சொற் பெயரீடு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முச்சொற் பெயரீடு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9C%C3%A7l%C3%BC_adland%C4%B1rma" title="Üçlü adlandırma – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Üçlü adlandırma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Триноміальна номенклатура – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Триноміальна номенклатура" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatura_trinomena%C5%82e" title="Nomenclatura trinomenałe – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" 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searchaux" style="display:none">System of naming taxonomic ranks below species</div> <p>In biology, <b>trinomial nomenclature</b> is the system of names for <a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">taxa</a> below the <a href="/wiki/Taxonomic_rank" title="Taxonomic rank">rank</a> of <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a>. These names have three parts. The usage is different in <a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">zoology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botany</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_zoology">In zoology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinomial_nomenclature&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: In zoology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cormorant_(Phalacrocorax_carbo)_(14).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Cormorant_%28Phalacrocorax_carbo%29_%2814%29.JPG/220px-Cormorant_%28Phalacrocorax_carbo%29_%2814%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Cormorant_%28Phalacrocorax_carbo%29_%2814%29.JPG/330px-Cormorant_%28Phalacrocorax_carbo%29_%2814%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Cormorant_%28Phalacrocorax_carbo%29_%2814%29.JPG/440px-Cormorant_%28Phalacrocorax_carbo%29_%2814%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Drying great cormorant subspecies known as "<i>Phalacrocorax carbo novaehollandiae"</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Western_lowland_gorilla_(Gorilla_gorilla_gorilla)_closeup_eating.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Western_lowland_gorilla_%28Gorilla_gorilla_gorilla%29_closeup_eating.jpg/220px-Western_lowland_gorilla_%28Gorilla_gorilla_gorilla%29_closeup_eating.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Western_lowland_gorilla_%28Gorilla_gorilla_gorilla%29_closeup_eating.jpg/330px-Western_lowland_gorilla_%28Gorilla_gorilla_gorilla%29_closeup_eating.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Western_lowland_gorilla_%28Gorilla_gorilla_gorilla%29_closeup_eating.jpg/440px-Western_lowland_gorilla_%28Gorilla_gorilla_gorilla%29_closeup_eating.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>Pictured is the <a href="/wiki/Critically_Endangered" class="mw-redirect" title="Critically Endangered">critically endangered</a> western lowland gorilla. Its trinomen is <i>Gorilla gorilla gorilla</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature">zoological nomenclature</a>, a <b>trinomen</b> (<abbr title="plural">pl.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> trinomina</span>), trinominal name, or ternary name is the name of a <a href="/wiki/Subspecies" title="Subspecies">subspecies</a>. Examples are <i>Gorilla gorilla gorilla</i> (<a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Savage" title="Thomas S. Savage">Savage</a>, 1847) for the <a href="/wiki/Western_lowland_gorilla" title="Western lowland gorilla">western lowland gorilla</a> (genus <i><a href="/wiki/Gorilla" title="Gorilla">Gorilla</a></i>, species <a href="/wiki/Western_gorilla" title="Western gorilla">western gorilla</a>), <i>Gorilla gorilla diehli</i> for the <a href="/wiki/Cross_River_gorilla" title="Cross River gorilla">Cross River gorilla</a>, <i>Bison bison bison</i> (<a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>, 1758) for the <a href="/wiki/Plains_bison" title="Plains bison">plains bison</a> (genus <i><a href="/wiki/Bison" title="Bison">Bison</a></i>, species <a href="/wiki/American_bison" title="American bison">American bison</a>), and <i>Bison bison athabascae</i> for the <a href="/wiki/Wood_bison" title="Wood bison">wood bison</a>. </p><p>A trinomen is a name with three parts: <a href="/wiki/Genus#Generic_name" title="Genus">generic name</a>, <a href="/wiki/Specific_name_(zoology)" title="Specific name (zoology)">specific name</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subspecific_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Subspecific name">subspecific name</a>. The first two parts alone form the <a href="/wiki/Binomen" class="mw-redirect" title="Binomen">binomen</a> or <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> name. All three names are typeset in italics, and only the first letter of the generic name is capitalised. No indicator of rank is included: in <a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">zoology</a>, subspecies is the only rank below that of species. For example: "<i>Buteo jamaicensis borealis</i> is one of the subspecies of the <a href="/wiki/Red-tailed_hawk" title="Red-tailed hawk">red-tailed hawk</a> (<i>Buteo jamaicensis</i>)." </p><p>In a <a href="/wiki/Alpha_taxonomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha taxonomy">taxonomic</a> publication, a name is incomplete without an author citation and publication details. This indicates who published the name, in what publication, and the date of the publication. For example: "<i>Phalacrocorax carbo novaehollandiae</i> (Stephens, 1826)" denotes a subspecies of the <a href="/wiki/Great_cormorant" title="Great cormorant">great cormorant</a> (<i>Phalacrocorax carbo</i>) introduced by <a href="/wiki/James_Francis_Stephens" title="James Francis Stephens">James Francis Stephens</a> in 1826<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under the subspecies name <i>novaehollandiae</i> ("of New Holland"). </p><p>If the generic and specific name have already been mentioned in the same paragraph, they are often abbreviated to initial letters. For example, one might write: "The great cormorant <i>Phalacrocorax carbo</i> has a distinct subspecies in <a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a>, the black shag <i>P. c. novaehollandiae</i>". </p><p>While binomial nomenclature came into being and immediately gained widespread acceptance in the mid-18th century, it was not until the early 20th century that the current unified standard of trinominal nomenclature was agreed upon. This became the standard mainly because of tireless promotion by <a href="/wiki/Elliott_Coues" title="Elliott Coues">Elliott Coues</a> – even though trinomina in the modern usage were pioneered in 1828 by <a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Bruch" title="Carl Friedrich Bruch">Carl Friedrich Bruch</a> and around 1850 were widely used especially by <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Schlegel" title="Hermann Schlegel">Hermann Schlegel</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Cassin" title="John Cassin">John Cassin</a>. As late as the 1930s, the use of trinomina was not fully established in all fields of zoology. Thus, when referring especially European works of the preceding era, the nomenclature used is usually not in accord with contemporary standards. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_botany">In botany</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinomial_nomenclature&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In botany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Infraspecific_name" title="Infraspecific name">Infraspecific name</a></div> <p>For algae, fungi, plants, and their fossils, there is an indeterminate number of infraspecific ranks allowed below the level of species. The secondary ranks below the species rank are <a href="/wiki/Variety_(botany)" title="Variety (botany)">variety</a> and <a href="/wiki/Forma_(botany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Forma (botany)">forma</a>, and more ranks can be made by using the prefix "sub" to make subspecies, subvariety, subforma. Very rarely even more forms are created, such as supersubspecies. Not all of these ranks need to be specified, for example, some authors prefer to divide plant species into subspecies, while others prefer to use varieties.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These ranks are components of a <a href="/wiki/Biological_classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological classification">biological classification</a>, for example <i><a href="/wiki/Corylopsis" title="Corylopsis">Corylopsis</a> sinensis</i> var. <i>calvescens</i> f. <i>veitchiana</i> is an ornamental garden plant.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, a <a href="/wiki/Correct_name_(botany)" class="mw-redirect" title="Correct name (botany)">name</a> is not the same as a classification, and the name of this plant is a trinomial with only three parts,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the two parts of the species name <i>Corylopsis sinensis</i>, plus the forma epithet <i>veitchiana</i>, to give <i>Corylopsis sinensis</i> f. <i>veitchiana</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinomial_nomenclature&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial nomenclature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomenclature" title="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trinomial_nomenclature&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>General zoology, or Systematic natural history</i> London, Printed for G. Kearsley, <i>Aves</i> (1815–1826).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHamilton,_C.W.Reichard,_S.H.1992" class="citation journal cs1">Hamilton, C.W.; Reichard, S.H. (1992). "Current practice in the use of subspecies, variety, and forma in the classification of wild plants". <i>Taxon</i>. <b>41</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">485–</span>498. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1222819">10.2307/1222819</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1222819">1222819</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Taxon&rft.atitle=Current+practice+in+the+use+of+subspecies%2C+variety%2C+and+forma+in+the+classification+of+wild+plants&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E485-%3C%2Fspan%3E498&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1222819&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1222819%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Hamilton%2C+C.W.&rft.au=Reichard%2C+S.H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrinomial+nomenclature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191214235321/http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=2535">"Royal Horticultural Society Plant Selector"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=2535">the original</a> on 2019-12-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-11-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Horticultural+Society+Plant+Selector&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapps.rhs.org.uk%2Fplantselector%2Fplant%3Fplantid%3D2535&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrinomial+nomenclature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNeill,_J.Barrie,_F.R.Buck,_W.R.Demoulin,_V.2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">McNeill, J.; Barrie, F.R.; Buck, W.R.; Demoulin, V.; Greuter, W.; Hawksworth, D.L.; Herendeen, P.S.; Knapp, S.; Marhold, K.; Prado, J.; Prud'homme Van Reine, W.F.; Smith, G.F.; Wiersema, J.H.; Turland, N.J. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131104060236/http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php?page=title"><i>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code) adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011</i></a>. Vol. Regnum Vegetabile 154. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag KG. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-87429-425-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-87429-425-6"><bdi>978-3-87429-425-6</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php?page=title">the original</a> on 2013-11-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-06-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Code+of+Nomenclature+for+algae%2C+fungi%2C+and+plants+%28Melbourne+Code%29+adopted+by+the+Eighteenth+International+Botanical+Congress+Melbourne%2C+Australia%2C+July+2011&rft.pub=A.R.G.+Gantner+Verlag+KG&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-3-87429-425-6&rft.au=McNeill%2C+J.&rft.au=Barrie%2C+F.R.&rft.au=Buck%2C+W.R.&rft.au=Demoulin%2C+V.&rft.au=Greuter%2C+W.&rft.au=Hawksworth%2C+D.L.&rft.au=Herendeen%2C+P.S.&rft.au=Knapp%2C+S.&rft.au=Marhold%2C+K.&rft.au=Prado%2C+J.&rft.au=Prud%27homme+Van+Reine%2C+W.F.&rft.au=Smith%2C+G.F.&rft.au=Wiersema%2C+J.H.&rft.au=Turland%2C+N.J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iapt-taxon.org%2Fnomen%2Fmain.php%3Fpage%3Dtitle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrinomial+nomenclature" class="Z3988"></span> article 24.1</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trinomial_nomenclature&oldid=1247641931">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trinomial_nomenclature&oldid=1247641931</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Biological_nomenclature" title="Category:Biological nomenclature">Biological nomenclature</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 25 September 2024, at 06:34<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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