Franz Liszt

<!doctype html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]},distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"1588636877",accountID:"3374287",trustKey:"66686",xpid:"VwUAVVRbDxABUVlXAwUDUF0G",licenseKey:"NRJS-644429b5b3ed6f27bc5",applicationID:"1585444697"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.274.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>h,gD:()=>g,xN:()=>p});var n=r(993);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},feature_flags:[],generic_events:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0,level:n.p_.INFO},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function h(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=h(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.274.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.17"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A4:()=>s,OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>h,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>f,m:()=>u,mw:()=>c,sb:()=>l});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s="complete"===a?.document?.readyState,c=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),u=""+a?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),l=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,f=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),h=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=g(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(6154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),h(a.gm,f),h(c.prototype,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(3969),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>s,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a,z_:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>s,Qu:()=>c,TZ:()=>a,ih:()=>u,tC:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit"],o="api",a=n.K7.softNav,s={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},c={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},u={IP:"in progress",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},7378:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$p:()=>x,BR:()=>b,Kp:()=>R,L3:()=>y,Lc:()=>c,NC:()=>o,SG:()=>d,TZ:()=>i,U6:()=>p,UT:()=>m,d3:()=>w,dT:()=>f,e5:()=>A,gx:()=>v,l9:()=>l,oW:()=>h,op:()=>g,rw:()=>u,tH:()=>E,uP:()=>s,wW:()=>T,xq:()=>a});var n=r(384);const i=r(860).K7.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",l="remaining",f="interaction",h="spaNode",p="jsonpNode",g="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=(0,n.dV)().o.ST,w="-start",R="-end",x="-body",T="cb"+R,A="jsTime",E="fetch"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},425:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>j});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(3969),h=r(384),p=r(6344);const g=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),w=r(3785),R=r(2646),x=r(3434);function T(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,l.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,x.YM)(i),a=new R.y(s.P);return a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",a),i}function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();g.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const E={};var S=r(9417),N=r(5603),O=r(5284);const _=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let I=!1;function j(e,t={},g,R){let{init:x,info:j,loader_config:P,runtime:C={},exposed:k=!0}=t;C.loaderType=g;const L=(0,h.pV)();j||(x=L.init,j=L.info,P=L.loader_config),(0,S.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,x||{}),(0,N.a)(e.agentIdentifier,P||{}),j.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(j.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,j);const H=(0,S.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),D=[j.beacon,j.errorBeacon];I||(H.proxy.assets&&(_(H.proxy.assets),D.push(H.proxy.assets)),H.proxy.beacon&&D.push(H.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===H.soft_navigations.enabled&&H.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),C.denyList=[...H.ajax.deny_list||[],...H.ajax.block_internal?D:[]],C.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,C),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const g={};var R=s.ee.get(e),x=R.get("tracer");E[e]=b.g.OFF,R.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{E[e]=t}));var A="api-",S=A+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),I(A,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function O(){}g.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,w.R)(R,e,t,r)},g.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),T(R,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{g[e]=I(A,e,!0,"api")})),g.addPageAction=I(A,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),g.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,I(A,"setPageViewName",!0)()},g.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},g.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},g.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},g.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),R.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},g[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,R)},g.interaction=function(e){return(new O).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const _=O.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),h||(0,a.p)(S+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,R),function(){if(x.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw x.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{x.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function I(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[(0,v.t)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,R),r?void 0:this}}function j(){r.e(478).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),R.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{_[e]=I(S,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),g.setCurrentRouteName=h?I(S,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):I(A,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),g.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,R),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!E[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,R)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>j()),!0):j(),g}(e.agentIdentifier,R,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=k),I=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>o,K7:()=>n,P3:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:"jserrors",logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.spa]:5,[n.ajax]:6,[n.sessionTrace]:7,[n.softNav]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9,[n.logging]:10,[n.genericEvents]:11},o={[n.pageViewTiming]:"events",[n.ajax]:"events",[n.spa]:"events",[n.softNav]:"events",[n.metrics]:"jserrors",[n.jserrors]:"jserrors",[n.sessionTrace]:"browser/blobs",[n.sessionReplay]:"browser/blobs",[n.logging]:"browser/logs",[n.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.274.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.274.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-1vUqEfJPB8Pihje9mv5CfYgkitO1FWcS+UQb84DbXqP8oYctRv4/lzl/MzNLPlRhcY1WVDBGL20I8vm6s2VV7g==",249:"sha512-Y/BeZAh6VSTmUtUNmS5XdyKxL92s30Fyyj8xVW76HSPxcKItL4+x2+kGMZc8pMJnUpZDz1L4eftZQAJh3D8NnA==",212:"sha512-Gn2tQ3qog5Yhrx/gRutkSTYPp+7nkKFt4/mIXg99LxcNpMDAYJZDBYmAACdoHNM86+iq1F3cBcQotFNzjIX8bw=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.274.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(e=(0,r.LA)(16)){this.agentIdentifier=e}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(425);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),p=i(6154),g=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(t.sharedAggregator)await t.sharedAggregator;else{t.sharedAggregator=i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,9337));const{EventAggregator:e}=await t.sharedAggregator;t.sharedAggregator=new e}if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,g.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class w extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var R=i(384);var x=i(9908),T=i(2843),A=i(3878),E=i(782),S=i(1863);class N extends b{static featureName=E.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,E.T,t),p.RI&&((0,T.u)((()=>(0,x.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,A.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,x.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,E.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var O=i(3969);class _ extends b{static featureName=O.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,O.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),j=i(3304);class P{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,j.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return H(e)?e:new P(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection";if(!e?.reason)return;if(H(e.reason))try{return e.reason.message=t+": "+e.reason.message,C(e.reason)}catch(t){return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return r.message=t+": "+r?.message,r}function L(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new P(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return H(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function H(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class D extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),p.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),p.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,x.p)("err",[L(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var M=i(8990);let K=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===p.gm?0:(0,M.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,j.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=p.gm.MutationObserver,s=p.gm.Promise,c=p.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=p.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(g?g.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var g=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",X=Y+"body-",J=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Q=p.gm.Request,ee=p.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Q&&ee&&p.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,J.forEach((e=>{r(Q[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(p.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof p.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,j.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=["load","error","abort","timeout"],de=ue.length,le=(0,R.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,R.dV)().o.XHR;class he extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,x.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};p.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=R,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){T(t,e)}),(0,A.jT)(!1)),p.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<de;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function g(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&p.RI&&(t=""+p.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:p.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:p.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function w(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function R(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<de;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCazptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):T(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function T(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin){var i=r.getResponseHeader("X-NewRelic-App-Data");i&&((0,x.p)(O.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",g),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",w)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const ge={},me=["pushState","replaceState"];function ve(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!p.RI||ge[t.debugId]++||(ge[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,me,"-")),t}var be=i(3738);const{He:ye,bD:we,d3:Re,Kp:xe,TZ:Te,Lc:Ae,uP:Ee,Rz:Se}=be;class Ne extends b{static featureName=Te;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Te,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;ve(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Ee,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Ae,(function(e,t){(0,x.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(Se+Re,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(Se+xe,(function(e){(0,x.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,x.p)(ye,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:we,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var Oe=i(2614);class _e extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(Oe.H3,"_").concat(Oe.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,g.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,x.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===Oe.g.ERROR)||(0,g.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(Oe.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=Oe.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==Oe.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=Oe.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Ie=i(3962);class je extends b{static featureName=Ie.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,Ie.TZ,t),!p.RI||!(0,R.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=ve(this.ee);Ie.tC.forEach((e=>{(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>{a(e)}),!0)}));const n=()=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[(0,S.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}(0,A.sp)("popstate",(e=>(0,x.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let i=!1;const o=new((0,R.dV)().o.MO)(((e,t)=>{i||(i=!0,requestAnimationFrame((()=>{(0,x.p)("newDom",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),i=!1})))})),a=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,x.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),o.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0})}),100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),o.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,{domObserver:o})}}var Pe=i(7378);const Ce={},ke=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function Le(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!p.RI||Ce[t.debugId])return t;Ce[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,i=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,o=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function a(e,t){if(!e)return t;const r=e.match(o),n=r[1];return a(r[3],t[n])}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,ke,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var o=(s=e.src,c=s.match(n),c?c[1]:null);var s,c;if(!o)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(i);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:a(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(o);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function l(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function f(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",l,(0,A.jT)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",f,(0,A.jT)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}const He={};function De(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(He[t.debugId])return t;He[t.debugId]=!0;var r=t.context,n=(0,W.YM)(t),i=p.gm.Promise;return i&&function(){function e(r){var o=t.context(),a=n(r,"executor-",o,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(i,[a],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return o},s}p.gm.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return i.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,i),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=i[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=i.prototype;const o=i.prototype.then;i.prototype.then=function(...e){var i=this,a=r(i);a.promise=i,e[0]=n(e[0],"cb-",a,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"cb-",a,null,!1);const s=o.apply(this,e);return a.nextPromise=s,t.emit("propagate",[i,!0],s,!1,!1),s},i.prototype.then[W.Jt]=o,t.on("executor-start",(function(e){e[0]=n(e[0],"resolve-",this,null,!1),e[1]=n(e[1],"resolve-",this,null,!1)})),t.on("executor-err",(function(e,t,r){e[1](r)})),t.on("cb-end",(function(e,r,n){t.emit("propagate",[n,!0],this.nextPromise,!1,!1)})),t.on("propagate",(function(e,r,n){this.getCtx&&!r||(this.getCtx=function(){if(e instanceof Promise)var r=t.context(e);return r&&r.getCtx?r.getCtx():this})}))}(),t}const Me={},Ke="setTimeout",Ue="setInterval",Ve="clearTimeout",Ge="-start",Fe=[Ke,"setImmediate",Ue,Ve,"clearImmediate"];function Be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("timer")}(e);if(Me[t.debugId]++)return t;Me[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,W.YM)(t);return r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(0,2),Ke+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(2,3),Ue+"-"),r.inPlace(p.gm,Fe.slice(3),Ve+"-"),t.on(Ue+Ge,(function(e,t,n){e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",null,n)})),t.on(Ke+Ge,(function(e,t,n){this.method=n,this.timerDuration=isNaN(e[1])?0:+e[1],e[0]=r(e[0],"fn-",this,n)})),t}const We={};function ze(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!p.RI||We[t.debugId])return t;We[t.debugId]=!0;var r=(0,W.YM)(t),n=p.gm.MutationObserver;return n&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof n?new n(r(e,"fn-")):n.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=n.prototype),t}const{TZ:qe,d3:Ze,Kp:Ye,$p:Xe,wW:Je,e5:Qe,tH:$e,uP:et,rw:tt,Lc:rt}=Pe;class nt extends b{static featureName=qe;constructor(e,t=!0){if(super(e,qe,t),!p.RI)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let r,n=0;const i=this.ee.get("tracer"),o=Le(this.ee),a=De(this.ee),s=Be(this.ee),c=Z(this.ee),u=this.ee.get("events"),d=ne(this.ee),l=ve(this.ee),f=ze(this.ee);function h(e,t){l.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function g(){n++,r=window.location.hash,this[et]=(0,S.t)()}function m(){n--,window.location.hash!==r&&h(0,!0);var e=(0,S.t)();this[Qe]=~~this[Qe]+e-this[et],this[rt]=e}function v(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,S.t)()}))}this.ee.on(et,g),a.on(tt,g),o.on(tt,g),this.ee.on(rt,m),a.on(Je,m),o.on(Je,m),this.ee.on("fn-err",((...t)=>{t[2]?.__newrelic?.[e.agentIdentifier]||(0,x.p)("function-err",[...t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.buffer([et,rt,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),u.buffer([et],this.featureName),s.buffer(["setTimeout"+Ye,"clearTimeout"+Ze,et],this.featureName),c.buffer([et,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+Ze],this.featureName),d.buffer([$e+Ze,$e+"-done",$e+Xe+Ze,$e+Xe+Ye],this.featureName),l.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),f.buffer([et],this.featureName),a.buffer(["propagate",tt,Je,"executor-err","resolve"+Ze],this.featureName),i.buffer([et,"no-"+et],this.featureName),o.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),v(d,$e+Ze),v(d,$e+"-done"),v(o,"new-jsonp"),v(o,"jsonp-end"),v(o,"cb-start"),l.on("pushState-end",h),l.on("replaceState-end",h),window.addEventListener("hashchange",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",h,(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){h(0,n>1)}),(0,A.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var it=i(3333);class ot extends b{static featureName=it.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,it.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled];p.RI&&e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(it.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),it.qN.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,x.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)))))),r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var at=i(993),st=i(3785);class ct extends b{static featureName=at.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,at.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,st.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t,r){super(r),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,R.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(w),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,R.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[he,w,N,Ne,_e,_,D,ot,ct,je,nt],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />  <title>Franz Liszt</title> <meta name="description" content="An engrossing new biography of Franz Liszt, the musical revolutionary who became the world’s first international megastar"Makes a significant contribution ..." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/9780300228755/franz-liszt" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Franz Liszt" /> <meta property="og:description" content="An engrossing new biography of Franz Liszt, the musical revolutionary who became the world’s first international megastar"Makes a significant contribution ..." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/9780300228755/franz-liszt" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Yale University Press" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/yalepress" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-08-21T20:44:09+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/missing-cover.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="315" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="271" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/missing-cover.jpg" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@yalepress" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book-details/","url":"https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book-details/","name":"Book Details - Yale University Press","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://yalebooks.yale.edu/#website"},"datePublished":"2018-08-10T13:41:55+00:00","dateModified":"2024-08-21T20:44:09+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book-details/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book-details/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book-details/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://yalebooks.yale.edu/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Book Details"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://yalebooks.yale.edu/#website","url":"https://yalebooks.yale.edu/","name":"Yale University Press","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https://yalebooks.yale.edu/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://yalebooks.yale.edu/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://yalebooks.yale.edu/#organization","name":"Yale University Press","url":"https://yalebooks.yale.edu/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://yalebooks.yale.edu/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/yup-wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/02164734/YUP_logo_tranparentbg-1.png","contentUrl":"https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/yup-wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/02164734/YUP_logo_tranparentbg-1.png","width":574,"height":66,"caption":"Yale University Press"},"image":{"@id":"https://yalebooks.yale.edu/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/yalepress","https://x.com/yalepress","https://www.youtube.com/user/yalepress"]}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//yalebooks.yale.edu' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Yale University Press » Feed" href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Yale University Press » Comments Feed" href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/comments/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/yalebooks.yale.edu\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.5.4"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='foxyshop_css-css' href='https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-content/plugins/foxyshop/css/foxyshop.css?ver=4.9.4' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.5.4' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> body{--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}body .is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}body .is-layout-flex > *{margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}body .is-layout-grid > *{margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} .wp-block-navigation a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color: inherit;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} .wp-block-pullquote{font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='supapress-css' href='https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-content/plugins/supapress/includes/css/styles.min.css?ver=2.23.4' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='som_lost_password_style-css' href='https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-content/plugins/frontend-reset-password/assets/css/password-lost.css?ver=6.5.4' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ilp-styles-css' href='https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-content/plugins/instant-landing-pages/css/style.css?ver=1.0.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='h5p-plugin-styles-css' href='https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-content/plugins/h5p/h5p-php-library/styles/h5p.css?ver=1.15.8' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='university-press-theme-style-css' href='https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-content/themes/university_press_theme/style.css?ver=1.35.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='child-style-css' href='https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-content/themes/yup_child_theme/style.css?ver=1.35.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='popup-maker-site-css' href='https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-content/plugins/popup-maker/assets/css/pum-site.min.css?ver=1.19.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='popup-maker-site-inline-css' type='text/css'> /* Popup Theme 98168: YUP Theme */ .pum-theme-98168, .pum-theme-98168 { background-color: rgba( 0, 53, 107, 0.05 ) } .pum-theme-98168 .pum-container, .pum-theme-98168 .pum-container { padding: 25px; border-radius: 1px; border: 1px none #000000; box-shadow: 1px 1px 10px 0px rgba( 2, 2, 2, 0.20 ); background-color: rgba( 255, 255, 255, 1.00 ) } .pum-theme-98168 .pum-title, .pum-theme-98168 .pum-title { color: #00356b; text-align: left; text-shadow: 0px 0px 0px rgba( 2, 2, 2, 0.00 ); font-family: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-size: 32px; line-height: 36px } .pum-theme-98168 .pum-content, .pum-theme-98168 .pum-content { color: #222222; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 400 } .pum-theme-98168 .pum-content + .pum-close, .pum-theme-98168 .pum-content + .pum-close { position: absolute; height: auto; width: auto; left: auto; right: 10px; bottom: auto; top: 0px; padding: 8px; color: #978c84; font-family: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-size: 18px; line-height: 36px; border: 1px none #ffffff; border-radius: 0px; box-shadow: 1px 1px 3px 0px rgba( 2, 2, 2, 0.00 ); text-shadow: 0px 0px 0px rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.00 ); background-color: rgba( 255, 255, 255, 1.00 ) } #pum-108142 {z-index: 1999999999} #pum-109163 {z-index: 1999999999} #pum-109097 {z-index: 1999999999} #pum-106744 {z-index: 1999999999} #pum-102380 {z-index: 1999999999} #pum-99444 {z-index: 1999999999} #pum-99365 {z-index: 1999999999} #pum-98218 {z-index: 1999999999} </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="child-scripts-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var myAjax = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/yalebooks.yale.edu\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","currentISBN":"9780300219463"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-content/themes/yup_child_theme/js/app.min.js?ver=1.35.2" id="child-scripts-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/json" href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/138" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.5.4" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://yalebooks.yale.edu/?p=138' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fyalebooks.yale.edu%2Fbook-details%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fyalebooks.yale.edu%2Fbook-details%2F&format=xml" /> <style> .som-password-error-message, .som-password-sent-message { background-color: #2679ce; border-color: #2679ce; } </style> <script> (function(h,o,t,j,a,r){ h.hj=h.hj||function(){(h.hj.q=h.hj.q||[]).push(arguments)}; h._hjSettings={hjid:1618200,hjsv:5}; a=o.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; r=o.createElement('script');r.async=1; r.src=t+h._hjSettings.hjid+j+h._hjSettings.hjsv; a.appendChild(r); })(window,document,'//static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-','.js?sv='); </script> <meta name="facebook-domain-verification" content="3138h9ilq6vka9yljbbszizemsok4j" /> <script> dataLayer = [{}]; </script> <script> (function(w, d, s, l, i) { w[l] = w[l] || []; w[l].push({ 'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js' }); var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s), dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? '&l=' + l : ''; j.async = true; j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl; f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f); })(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-58NFXM54'); </script> <link rel="icon" href="https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/yup-wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/11161718/cropped-touch-icon-228-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/yup-wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/11161718/cropped-touch-icon-228-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/yup-wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/11161718/cropped-touch-icon-228-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/yup-wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/11161718/cropped-touch-icon-228-270x270.png" /> </head> <body class="page-template page-template-templates page-template-template-full-width page-template-templatestemplate-full-width-php page page-id-138 wp-custom-logo fl-builder-2-8-3-4">  <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-58NFXM54" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript>  <div id="page" class="site"> <div class="header-banner" style="background-color: #00356b"> <p style="color: #ffffff"><b>HOLIDAY SAVINGS:</b> Save 30% Sitewide with <b>HOL30</b> + free shipping on orders over $75. </p> <a href="/2024-holiday-sale" class="site-cta-button portal">FULL TERMS</a> </div> <a class="skip-link" href="#content">Skip to content</a> <header role="banner" id="masthead" class="site-header js-site-header"> <div class="site-branding site-container"> <div class="site-branding__logo"> <a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home"><img width="574" height="66" src="https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/yup-wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/02164734/YUP_logo_tranparentbg-1.png" class="custom-logo" alt="Yale University Press" decoding="async" srcset="https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/yup-wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/02164734/YUP_logo_tranparentbg-1.png 574w, https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/yup-wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/02164734/YUP_logo_tranparentbg-1-300x34.png 300w, https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/yup-wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/02164734/YUP_logo_tranparentbg-1-350x40.png 350w, https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/yup-wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/02164734/YUP_logo_tranparentbg-1-150x17.png 150w, https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/yup-wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/02164734/YUP_logo_tranparentbg-1.png 100w, https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/yup-wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/02164734/YUP_logo_tranparentbg-1-360x41.png 360w, https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/yup-wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/02164734/YUP_logo_tranparentbg-1-400x46.png 400w, https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/yup-wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/02164734/YUP_logo_tranparentbg-1-480x55.png 480w" sizes="(max-width: 574px) 100vw, 574px" /></a> </div> <a class="course-books-link" href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/?page_id=1907" title="Course Books Page">Course Books</a> <div class='site-header__account'><a href='/login' class='icon-user'></a> <div class='site-cart-link site-cart-link--cart site-header__cart show-desktop'> <a href='https://store.yalebooks.yale.edu/cart' target='' title=''class="fc-sidecart--bypass"> <span class='icon-basket'></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-header__mobile-tools show-mobile"> <div class="menu-trigger js-menu-trigger hamburger js-hamburger hamburger--spin js-hamburger" tabindex="0"> <div class="hamburger-box"> <div class="hamburger-inner"></div> </div> </div> <div class="site-header__mobile-icons"> <a class="course-books-link" href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/?page_id=1907" title="Course Books Page">Course Books</a> <div class='site-header__account'><a href='/login' class='icon-user'></a> <div class='site-cart-link site-cart-link--cart site-header__cart show-desktop'> <a href='https://store.yalebooks.yale.edu/cart' target='' title=''class="fc-sidecart--bypass"> <span class='icon-basket'></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="search-trigger" id="search-trigger-mobile" tabindex="0"> <span class="icon-search"></span> </div> </div> <div class="site-navigation js-site-navigation "> <div class="site-container site-navigation__container"> <nav class="main-navigation js-main-navigation" role="navigation" aria-label="main menu: press escape to close the menu"> <div class="menu-main-nav-container"><ul id="primary-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-1779" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-1779"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/books/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Books</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-2175" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2175"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/books/new-releases/">New Releases</a></li> <li id="menu-item-107375" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-107375"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/all-bestsellers/">Bestsellers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-95510" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-95510"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/yale-press-audio/">Audiobooks</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1785" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1785"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/catalogs/">Catalogues</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3861" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3861"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/publishing-partners/">Publishing Partners</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1786" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1786"><a href="/search-results/?keyword=">View All Books</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-908" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-908"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/books/subjects/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Subjects</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-103010" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-103010"><a href="/search-results/?category=SOC001000">African American Studies</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1790" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1790"><a href="/search-results/?category=ARC">Architecture</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1791" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1791"><a href="/search-results/?category=ART">Art</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1792" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1792"><a href="/search-results/?category=BIO">Biography</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2181" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2181"><a href="/search-results/?category=BUS">Business & Economics</a></li> <li id="menu-item-1795" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1795"><a href="/search-results/?category=HIS">History</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2178" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2178"><a href="/search-results/?category=LAW">Law</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2179" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2179"><a href="/search-results/?category=LCO">Literary Collections</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2544" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2544"><a href="/search-results/?category=POL">Political Science</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2180" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2180"><a href="/search-results/?category=REL">Religion</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2182" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2182"><a href="/search-results/?category=SCI">Science</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2183" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2183"><a href="/books/subjects/">View All Subjects</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1787" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-1787"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/books/series/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Series</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-2195" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2195"><a href="/the-anchor-yale-bible-series/">The Anchor Yale Bible</a></li> <li id="menu-item-94621" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-94621"><a href="/books/series/ancient-lives/">Ancient Lives</a></li> <li id="menu-item-93410" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-93410"><a href="/books/series/black-lives-2/">Black Lives</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2204" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2204"><a href="/search-results/?series=yle39-catwalk">Catwalk</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2196" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2196"><a href="/search-results/?series=yle15-jewish-lives">Jewish Lives</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2197" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2197"><a href="/books/series/margellos-world-republic-letters/">The Margellos World Republic of Letters</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2203" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2203"><a href="/search-results/?series=yle19-why-i-write">Why I Write</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2199" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2199"><a href="/search-results/?series=yle41-why-x-matters-series">Why X Matters Series</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2200" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2200"><a href="/search-results/?series=yle146-yale-drama-series">Yale Drama Series</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2201" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2201"><a href="/search-results/?series=yle18-yale-series-of-younger-poets">Yale Series of Younger Poets</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2205" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2205"><a href="/books/series/">View All Series</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-2425" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-2425"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/resources/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Resources</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-41042" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-41042"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/resources/for-authors/">For Authors</a></li> <li id="menu-item-41041" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-41041"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/resources/for-booksellers/">For Booksellers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-41039" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-41039"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/resources/for-professors/">For Instructors</a></li> <li id="menu-item-41040" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-41040"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/resources/for-press-media/">For Press/Media</a></li> <li id="menu-item-41038" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-41038"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/resources/for-students/">For Students</a></li> <li id="menu-item-41037" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-41037"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/resources/digital-products/">Digital Products</a></li> <li id="menu-item-41043" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-41043"><a href="/resources/">View All Resources</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-2401" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-2401"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/about-us/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">About Us</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-2403" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2403"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/about-us/">Mission & Values</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2402" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2402"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/about-us/editors/">Meet the Editors</a></li> <li id="menu-item-102812" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-102812"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/a-brief-history-of-yale-university-press/">History</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2407" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2407"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/employment-opportunities/">Careers</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-100115" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-100115"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/support-the-press/">Give</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2400" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-2400"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/contact-us/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Contact Us</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-115417" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-115417"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/sales/">Sales</a></li> <li id="menu-item-115416" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-115416"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/publicity/">Publicity</a></li> <li id="menu-item-115415" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-115415"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/rights-permissions/">Rights & Permissions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-116365" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-116365"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/frequently-asked-questions/">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul></div> </nav> <button class="icon-close show-mobile js-menu-close" id="menu-close" aria-labelledby="menu-close"> Close Menu </button> <div class="header-site-search js-header-site-search"> <aside class="widget widget_supapress_search"> <div class="site-container"> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form search-open" action="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/search-results/"> <input class="search-field" placeholder="" id="search-input" value="" name="keyword" title=":" type="search" autocomplete="keyword"/> <label class="search-form__submit"> <span class="search-form__submit__icon icon-search"></span> <input class="search-submit screen-reader-text" value="Search" type="submit"> </label> </form> <button id="search-close" tabindex="0">X</button> </div> </aside> <div class="adv-search site-container"> <a href="/advanced-search">Advanced Search</a> </div> <div class="predictive-container js-predictive-container" style="display:none"> <div class="site-container"> <div class="predictive-list"> <h3>Books</h3> <ul class="js-predictive-list predictive-list__inner" data-type="Products"></ul> </div> <div class="predictive-list"> <h3>Authors</h3> <ul class="js-predictive-list predictive-list__inner" data-type="Contributors"></ul> </div> <div class="predictive-list"> <h3>On The Site</h3> <ul class="js-predictive-list predictive-list__inner" data-type="Content"></ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <main id="main" class="site-full-width"> <div class="supapress" data-widget-params="{"include_price":1}" data-ajax-url="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php"><div id="product-details-137" class="product-details"> <div class="book-wrapper"> <div class="book-wrapper__top-section"> <div class="book-wrapper__top-section--breadcrumbs-social site-container"> <ul class='book-wrapper__breadcrumbs'> <li> <a href='/' title='Back to homepage'>Home</a> </li> <li> <a href='https://yalebooks.yale.edu/search-results/?category=BIO' title='View results for biography & autobiography' >biography & autobiography</a> </li> <li> <a href='https://yalebooks.yale.edu/search-results/?category=HIS' title='View results for history' >history</a> </li> <li>Franz Liszt</li> </ul> </div> <div class="book-wrapper__top-section--container site-container"> <div class="book-wrapper__top-section--image "> <picture class='sp__the-cover' > <source media='(min-width: 720px)' data-srcset='https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/missing-cover.jpg?dpr=1&q=100 1x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/missing-cover.jpg?dpr=2&q=100 2x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/missing-cover.jpg?dpr=3&q=100 3x, ' /> <source media='(min-width: 480px)' data-srcset='https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/missing-cover.jpg?dpr=1&q=100 1x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/missing-cover.jpg?dpr=2&q=100 2x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/missing-cover.jpg?dpr=3&q=100 3x, ' /> <source media='(min-width: 300px)' data-srcset='https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/missing-cover.jpg?dpr=1&q=100 1x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/missing-cover.jpg?dpr=2&q=100 2x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/missing-cover.jpg?dpr=3&q=100 3x, ' /> <img decoding="async" src="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-content/themes/university_press_theme/img/lazy-load-image.jpg" data-src="https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/missing-cover.jpg" alt='Franz Liszt' data-baseline-images='image' class="lazyload" /> </picture> <div class="sp-product__book-preview">  <script type="text/javascript" src="//books.google.com/books/previewlib.js"></script> <div class="google-link" style="display:none;"> <script type="text/javascript"> // Insert the google preview btn GBS_insertPreviewButtonLink('ISBN:9780300228755'); // Wait until the google preview button has been loaded let checkExist = setInterval(function() { if (document.querySelector('.google-link span a')) { // Once loaded stop checking clearInterval(checkExist); const preview_button = document.querySelector('.google-link span a'); const preview_button_container = document.querySelector('.google-link'); // Set preview button parameters and classes preview_button.setAttribute('target', '_blank'); preview_button.classList = "site-cta-button"; preview_button.innerHTML = "Look Inside"; preview_button_container.style.display = "block"; } }, 500) </script> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book-wrapper__top-section--details"> <div class="book-details-header"> <h1>Franz Liszt</h1><h2>Musician, Celebrity, Superstar</h2> </div> <p class='sp__the-author'>by Oliver Hilmes</p><p class='sp__the-author'>Translated by Stewart Spencer</p> <div class="book-wrapper__buy-section"> <p class='sp__details'><span class="sp__the-pages">384 Pages</span>, <span class="sp__the-trim-size">6.12 x 9.25 in</span>, 16pp b-w</p> <div class='sp__buy-format'> <ul> <li class='sp__format'>eBook</li> <li class='sp__isbn13'>9780300219463</li> <li class='sp__published'>Published: Tuesday, 26 Jul 2016</li> </ul> <p class='sp__price'>$25.00</p> <span class='buy-message'>Out of Stock</span> </div> <div class='sp__buy-format'> <ul> <li class='sp__format'>Paperback</li> <li class='sp__isbn13'>9780300228755</li> <li class='sp__published'>Published: Tuesday, 9 Jan 2018</li> </ul> <p class='sp__price'>$25.00</p> <div class="sp__buy-btn"> <a data-isbn="9780300228755" href='#' title='Paperback' class='buy-button js-buy-button '> BUY </a> </div> </div> <input type='hidden' class='js-foxycart-url' value='https://store.yalebooks.yale.edu/cart?fcsid='> <div class="js-shipping-message-container"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="book-wrapper__information site-container js-responsive-tabs"> <ul class="tabs"> <li class="tabs__item tabs__item--description"> <a class="tabs__link" href="#tab-1"> Description </a> </li> <li class="tabs__item tabs__item--authors"> <a class="tabs__link" href="#tab-3">Authors</a> </li> <li class="tabs__item tabs__item--reviews"> <a class="tabs__link" href="#tab-4">Praise</a> </li> </ul> <div id="tab-1" class="tabs__panel tabs__panel--description" style="display: none"> <div class="tabs__content"> <div><strong>An engrossing new biography of Franz Liszt, the musical revolutionary who became the world’s first international megastar</strong><br/><br/><strong>"Makes a significant contribution to our knowledge of Liszt as a man and superstar. Hilmes shines a light into the shadows behind a life lived in the spotlight."—Andrew Taylor,</strong><em><strong> Times</strong></em><br/><br/> Hungarian composer Franz Liszt (1811–1886) was an anomaly. A virtuoso pianist and electrifying showman, he toured extensively throughout the European continent, bringing sold-out audiences to states of ecstasy while courting scandal with his frequent womanizing. Drawing on new, highly revealing documentary sources, including a veritable treasure trove of previously unexamined material on Liszt’s Weimar years, best-selling author Oliver Hilmes shines a spotlight on the extraordinary life and career of this singularly dazzling musical phenomenon.<br/> <br/> Whereas previous biographies have focused primarily on the composer’s musical contributions, Hilmes showcases Liszt the man in all his many shades and personal reinventions: child prodigy, Romantic eccentric, fervent Catholic, actor, lothario, celebrity, businessman, genius, and extravagant show-off. The author immerses the reader in the intrigues of the nineteenth-century European glitterati (including Liszt’s powerful patrons, the monstrous Wagner clan) while exploring the true, complex face of the artist and the soul of his music. No other Liszt biography in English is as colorful, witty, and compulsively readable, or reveals as much about the true nature of this extraordinary, outrageous talent.</div> </div> </div> <div id="tab-3" class="tabs__panel tabs__panel--authors" style="display: none"> <div class="tabs__content"> <p><DIV><B>Oliver Hilmes</B>, the author of several best-selling biographies, lives in Berlin, Germany. <B>Stewart Spencer</B> is an acclaimed translator whose work includes biographies of Gustav Mahler, Richard Wagner, Cosima Wagner, and W. A. Mozart.</DIV></p> </div> </div> <div id="tab-4" class="tabs__panel tabs__panel--reviews" style="display: none"> <div class="tabs__content"> <blockquote> ". . . makes a significant contribution to our knowledge of Liszt as a man and superstar. Hilmes shines a light into the shadows behind a life lived in the spotlight, and he finds some surprising and indeed entertaining details there."—Andrew Taylor,<em> Times</em><BR /><BR />"If this book has a once-over-lightly feel, that is because there were many intertwined strands in Liszt’s extraordinary life, each of which could merit a book in itself. . . . Hilmes is illuminating on the emergence—and continuance into old age—of Liszt’s preternatural gifts as a pianist. And by drawing on hitherto unpublished documentary sources he provides a riveting chronicle of the composer’s tangled relationships."—<em>Economist</em><BR /><BR />"Invaluable: it is brilliantly written and comprehends material found nowhere else. Spencer's English translation is beyond praise."—<em>Choice</em><BR /><BR />"[Hilmes] sheds useful light on the way that Liszt’s achievement arose as much from his weaknesses as from his strengths."—<em>New York Review of Books</em><BR /><BR />“Hilmes conveys the authentic alongside the astonishing. . . . Engaging a wealth of prior scholarship, and incorporating several unpublished primary sources, he brings us a step closer to fully appreciating Liszt’s superstardom.”—Michael Vitalino, <em>Notes</em><BR /><BR />Won the 2017 Choice Award for Outstanding Academic Title<BR /><BR />"This is the book about Liszt I have been waiting for, vividly evoking both him and his context to reveal him as one the central figures—if not <em>the</em> central figure—of Western music in the nineteenth century, a vital link between Beethoven and Bartók, and a truly great and generous man. At last, we see him whole."—Simon Callow<BR /><BR /> </blockquote> </div> </div> </div> <div class="js-related-books book-wrapper__related-books related-books site-container"> <h2>Related Books</h2> <div class="related-books__container"> <div class="related-books__book"> <div class="related-books__book--cover"> <a href='/book/9780300280166/oscar-hammerstein-ii-and-the-invention-of-the-musical' title='Oscar Hammerstein II and the Invention of the Musical' > <picture class='sp__the-cover' > <source media='(min-width: 480px)' data-srcset='https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300280166.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=1&q=100 1x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300280166.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=2&q=100 2x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300280166.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=3&q=100 3x, ' /> <source media='(min-width: 300px)' data-srcset='https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300280166.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=1&q=100 1x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300280166.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=2&q=100 2x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300280166.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=3&q=100 3x, ' /> <img decoding="async" src="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-content/themes/university_press_theme/img/lazy-load-image.jpg" data-src="https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300280166.jpg?auto=format&w=145" alt='Oscar Hammerstein II and the Invention of the Musical' data-baseline-images='image' class="lazyload" /> </picture> </a> </div> </div> <div class="related-books__book"> <div class="related-books__book--cover"> <a href='/book/9780300192100/tchaikovskys-empire' title='Tchaikovsky&#146s Empire' > <picture class='sp__the-cover' > <source media='(min-width: 480px)' data-srcset='https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300192100.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=1&q=100 1x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300192100.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=2&q=100 2x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300192100.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=3&q=100 3x, ' /> <source media='(min-width: 300px)' data-srcset='https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300192100.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=1&q=100 1x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300192100.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=2&q=100 2x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300192100.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=3&q=100 3x, ' /> <img decoding="async" src="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-content/themes/university_press_theme/img/lazy-load-image.jpg" data-src="https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300192100.jpg?auto=format&w=145" alt='Tchaikovsky&#146s Empire' data-baseline-images='image' class="lazyload" /> </picture> </a> </div> </div> <div class="related-books__book"> <div class="related-books__book--cover"> <a href='/book/9780300274103/folk-music' title='Folk Music' > <picture class='sp__the-cover' > <source media='(min-width: 480px)' data-srcset='https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300274103.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=1&q=100 1x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300274103.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=2&q=100 2x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300274103.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=3&q=100 3x, ' /> <source media='(min-width: 300px)' data-srcset='https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300274103.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=1&q=100 1x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300274103.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=2&q=100 2x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300274103.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=3&q=100 3x, ' /> <img decoding="async" src="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-content/themes/university_press_theme/img/lazy-load-image.jpg" data-src="https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300274103.jpg?auto=format&w=145" alt='Folk Music' data-baseline-images='image' class="lazyload" /> </picture> </a> </div> </div> <div class="related-books__book"> <div class="related-books__book--cover"> <a href='/book/9780300204087/schubert' title='Schubert' > <picture class='sp__the-cover' > <source media='(min-width: 480px)' data-srcset='https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300204087.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=1&q=100 1x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300204087.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=2&q=100 2x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300204087.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=3&q=100 3x, ' /> <source media='(min-width: 300px)' data-srcset='https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300204087.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=1&q=100 1x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300204087.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=2&q=100 2x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300204087.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=3&q=100 3x, ' /> <img decoding="async" src="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-content/themes/university_press_theme/img/lazy-load-image.jpg" data-src="https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300204087.jpg?auto=format&w=145" alt='Schubert' data-baseline-images='image' class="lazyload" /> </picture> </a> </div> </div> <div class="related-books__book"> <div class="related-books__book--cover"> <a href='/book/9780300264623/beethoven' title='Beethoven' > <picture class='sp__the-cover' > <source media='(min-width: 480px)' data-srcset='https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300264623.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=1&q=100 1x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300264623.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=2&q=100 2x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300264623.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=3&q=100 3x, ' /> <source media='(min-width: 300px)' data-srcset='https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300264623.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=1&q=100 1x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300264623.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=2&q=100 2x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300264623.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=3&q=100 3x, ' /> <img decoding="async" src="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-content/themes/university_press_theme/img/lazy-load-image.jpg" data-src="https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300264623.jpg?auto=format&w=145" alt='Beethoven' data-baseline-images='image' class="lazyload" /> </picture> </a> </div> </div> <div class="related-books__book"> <div class="related-books__book--cover"> <a href='/book/9780300228755/franz-liszt' title='Franz Liszt' > <picture class='sp__the-cover' > <source media='(min-width: 480px)' data-srcset='https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300228755.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=1&q=100 1x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300228755.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=2&q=100 2x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300228755.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=3&q=100 3x, ' /> <source media='(min-width: 300px)' data-srcset='https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300228755.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=1&q=100 1x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300228755.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=2&q=100 2x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300228755.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=3&q=100 3x, ' /> <img decoding="async" src="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-content/themes/university_press_theme/img/lazy-load-image.jpg" data-src="https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300228755.jpg?auto=format&w=145" alt='Franz Liszt' data-baseline-images='image' class="lazyload" /> </picture> </a> </div> </div> <div class="related-books__book"> <div class="related-books__book--cover"> <a href='/book/9780300170900/cosima-wagner' title='Cosima Wagner' > <picture class='sp__the-cover' > <source media='(min-width: 480px)' data-srcset='https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300170900.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=1&q=100 1x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300170900.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=2&q=100 2x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300170900.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=3&q=100 3x, ' /> <source media='(min-width: 300px)' data-srcset='https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300170900.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=1&q=100 1x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300170900.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=2&q=100 2x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300170900.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=3&q=100 3x, ' /> <img decoding="async" src="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-content/themes/university_press_theme/img/lazy-load-image.jpg" data-src="https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300170900.jpg?auto=format&w=145" alt='Cosima Wagner' data-baseline-images='image' class="lazyload" /> </picture> </a> </div> </div> <div class="related-books__book"> <div class="related-books__book--cover"> <a href='/book/9780300253931/playing-with-fire' title='Playing with Fire' > <picture class='sp__the-cover' > <source media='(min-width: 480px)' data-srcset='https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300253931.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=1&q=100 1x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300253931.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=2&q=100 2x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300253931.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=3&q=100 3x, ' /> <source media='(min-width: 300px)' data-srcset='https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300253931.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=1&q=100 1x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300253931.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=2&q=100 2x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300253931.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=3&q=100 3x, ' /> <img decoding="async" src="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-content/themes/university_press_theme/img/lazy-load-image.jpg" data-src="https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300253931.jpg?auto=format&w=145" alt='Playing with Fire' data-baseline-images='image' class="lazyload" /> </picture> </a> </div> </div> <div class="related-books__book"> <div class="related-books__book--cover"> <a href='/book/9780300226508/poulenc' title='Poulenc' > <picture class='sp__the-cover' > <source media='(min-width: 480px)' data-srcset='https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300226508.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=1&q=100 1x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300226508.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=2&q=100 2x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300226508.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=3&q=100 3x, ' /> <source media='(min-width: 300px)' data-srcset='https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300226508.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=1&q=100 1x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300226508.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=2&q=100 2x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300226508.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=3&q=100 3x, ' /> <img decoding="async" src="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-content/themes/university_press_theme/img/lazy-load-image.jpg" data-src="https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300226508.jpg?auto=format&w=145" alt='Poulenc' data-baseline-images='image' class="lazyload" /> </picture> </a> </div> </div> <div class="related-books__book"> <div class="related-books__book--cover"> <a href='/book/9780300205442/the-leonard-bernstein-letters' title='The Leonard Bernstein Letters' > <picture class='sp__the-cover' > <source media='(min-width: 480px)' data-srcset='https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300205442.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=1&q=100 1x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300205442.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=2&q=100 2x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300205442.jpg?auto=format&w=298&dpr=3&q=100 3x, ' /> <source media='(min-width: 300px)' data-srcset='https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300205442.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=1&q=100 1x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300205442.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=2&q=100 2x, https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300205442.jpg?auto=format&w=220&dpr=3&q=100 3x, ' /> <img decoding="async" src="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-content/themes/university_press_theme/img/lazy-load-image.jpg" data-src="https://yale-press-us.imgix.net/covers/9780300205442.jpg?auto=format&w=145" alt='The Leonard Bernstein Letters' data-baseline-images='image' class="lazyload" /> </picture> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <script> document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() { document.querySelectorAll('img[src*="9780300270624.jpg"], img[data-src*="9780300270624.jpg"]').forEach(function(img) { var parentElement = img.closest('.related-books__book'); if (parentElement) { parentElement.style.display = 'none'; } }); }); document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() { document.querySelectorAll('img[src*="9780300273847.jpg"], img[data-src*="9780300273847.jpg"]').forEach(function(img) { var parentElement = img.closest('.related-books__book'); if (parentElement) { parentElement.style.display = 'none'; } }); }); </script> </main> </div> <div class="newsletter-banner"> <div class="site-container flex"> <h3 class="newsletter-title"> Sign up for updates on new releases and special offers </h3> <div class="newsletter-button" id="newsletter-signup-message"> <button class="site-cta-button orange" id="newsletter-modal-trigger"> SUBSCRIBE </button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="newsletter-container"> <div class="newsletter-container--inner"> <form class="yup-subscribe-form" method="post" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <div id="newsletter-error"></div> <div id="edit-data" class="form-wrapper"> <h2 id="dialog1_label">Newsletter Signup</h2> <div class="form-item form-type-textfield form-item-data-fields-email" aria-label="Email Address"> <label class="element-invisible" for="edit-data-fields-email"> <span class="label-inner-wrapper">Email Address <span class="form-required" title="This field is required.">*</span></span> </label> <input placeholder="Email Address" type="text" id="edit-data-fields-email" name="data[fields_email]" value="" size="60" required maxlength="128" class="form-text required"> </div> <div class="form-item form-type-checkbox form-item-data-listGroups-10285 trigger-extra-list required-checkbox" aria-label="Monthly Roundup - new books, discounts, blog updates, and general interest Yale Press news."> <input type="checkbox" id="edit-data-listgroups-10285" name="data[listGroups][10285]" value="10285" class="required-checkbox form-checkbox"> <label class="option" for="edit-data-listgroups-10285"> <span class="checkbox-select" tabindex="0"></span><span class="label-inner-wrapper"><strong>Monthly Roundup</strong> - new books, discounts, blog updates, and general interest Yale Press news. </span> </label> </div> <div class="form-item form-type-checkbox form-item-data-listGroups-23545 required-checkbox" aria-label=" Art &amp; Architecture monthly - new books and discounts from our Art List."> <input type="checkbox" id="edit-data-listgroups-23545" name="data[listGroups][23545]" value="23545" class="required-checkbox form-checkbox"> <label class="option" for="edit-data-listgroups-23545"> <span class="checkbox-select" tabindex="0"></span><span class="label-inner-wrapper"><strong> Art & Architecture monthly</strong> - new books and discounts from our Art List. </span> </label> </div> <div class="form-item form-type-checkbox form-item-data-listGroups-39553" aria-label=" Literature &amp; Translation - updates from the Margellos World Republic of Letters Series."> <input type="checkbox" id="edit-data-listgroups-39553" name="data[listGroups][39553]" value="39553" class="required-checkbox form-checkbox"> <label class="option" for="edit-data-listgroups-39553"> <span class="checkbox-select" tabindex="0"></span><span class="label-inner-wrapper"><strong> Literature & Translation</strong> - updates from the Margellos World Republic of Letters Series. </span> </label> </div> <div class="newsletter-extra-lists form-wrapper" id="edit-data-extra-lists" style="display: none;"> I would like to receive additional emails with news about new titles in the following subject areas <div class="newsletter-extra-lists-wrapper form-wrapper" id="edit-data-extra-lists-lists"> <div class="form-item form-type-checkbox form-item-data-extra-lists-lists-arts&culture-0" aria-label="Arts &amp; Culture"> <input type="checkbox" id="edit-data-extra-lists-lists-artsculture-0" name="data[extra_lists][lists][arts&culture][0]" value="1" class="form-checkbox"> <label class="option" for="edit-data-extra-lists-lists-artsculture-0"> <span class="checkbox-select" tabindex="0"></span><span class="label-inner-wrapper">Arts & Culture </span> </label> </div> <div class="form-item form-type-checkbox form-item-data-extra-lists-lists-business&economics-0" aria-label="Business &amp; Economics"> <input type="checkbox" id="edit-data-extra-lists-lists-businesseconomics-0" name="data[extra_lists][lists][business&economics][0]" value="1" class="form-checkbox"> <label class="option" for="edit-data-extra-lists-lists-businesseconomics-0"><span class="checkbox-select" tabindex="0"></span><span class="label-inner-wrapper">Business & Economics </span></label> </div> <div class="form-item form-type-checkbox form-item-data-extra-lists-lists-history-0" aria-label="History"> <input type="checkbox" id="edit-data-extra-lists-lists-history-0" name="data[extra_lists][lists][history][0]" value="1" class="form-checkbox"> <label class="option" for="edit-data-extra-lists-lists-history-0"><span class="checkbox-select" tabindex="0"></span><span class="label-inner-wrapper">History </span></label> </div> <div class="form-item form-type-checkbox form-item-data-extra-lists-lists-medicine&health-0" aria-label="Medicine &amp; Health"> <input type="checkbox" id="edit-data-extra-lists-lists-medicinehealth-0" name="data[extra_lists][lists][medicine&health][0]" value="1" class="form-checkbox"> <label class="option" for="edit-data-extra-lists-lists-medicinehealth-0"><span class="checkbox-select" tabindex="0"></span><span class="label-inner-wrapper">Medicine & Health </span></label> </div> <div class="form-item form-type-checkbox form-item-data-extra-lists-lists-politics&currentevents-0" aria-label="Politics &amp; Current Events"> <input type="checkbox" id="edit-data-extra-lists-lists-politicscurrentevents-0" name="data[extra_lists][lists][politics&currentevents][0]" value="1" class="form-checkbox"> <label class="option" for="edit-data-extra-lists-lists-politicscurrentevents-0"><span class="checkbox-select" tabindex="0"></span><span class="label-inner-wrapper">Politics & Current Events </span></label> </div> <div class="form-item form-type-checkbox form-item-data-extra-lists-lists-psychology-0" aria-label="Psychology"> <input type="checkbox" id="edit-data-extra-lists-lists-psychology-0" name="data[extra_lists][lists][psychology][0]" value="1" class="form-checkbox"> <label class="option" for="edit-data-extra-lists-lists-psychology-0"><span class="checkbox-select" tabindex="0"></span><span class="label-inner-wrapper">Psychology </span></label> </div> <div class="form-item form-type-checkbox form-item-data-extra-lists-lists-religion-0" aria-label="Religion"> <input type="checkbox" id="edit-data-extra-lists-lists-religion-0" name="data[extra_lists][lists][religion][0]" value="1" class="form-checkbox"> <label class="option" for="edit-data-extra-lists-lists-religion-0"><span class="checkbox-select" tabindex="0"></span><span class="label-inner-wrapper">Religion </span></label> </div> <div class="form-item form-type-checkbox form-item-data-extra-lists-lists-science&nature-0" aria-label="Science &amp; Nature"> <input type="checkbox" id="edit-data-extra-lists-lists-sciencenature-0" name="data[extra_lists][lists][science&nature][0]" value="1" class="form-checkbox"> <label class="option" for="edit-data-extra-lists-lists-sciencenature-0"><span class="checkbox-select" tabindex="0"></span><span class="label-inner-wrapper">Science & Nature </span></label> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="url-textfield" style="display: none"> <div class="form-item form-type-textfield form-item-url" aria-label="Leave this field blank"> <label for="edit-url"><span class="label-inner-wrapper">Leave this field blank </span></label> <input autocomplete="off" type="text" id="edit-url" name="url" value="" size="20" maxlength="128" class="form-text"> </div> </div> <input class="btn form-submit" type="submit" id="edit-submit" name="op" value="Subscribe"> <input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-_7vYtBH7ItFmPkGAEWw9hT9Hv114vKrI2wLdL7YU0jI"> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="yup_new_homepage_newsletter_form"> </form> </div> </div> <div class="js-modal-popup modal-popup" id="yale-pricing-modal"> <div class="js-modal-shipping-selection" style="display:none;"> <h3>Shipping Location</h3> <p>Our website offers shipping to the United States and Canada only. For customers in other countries:</p> <p><strong>Mexico and South America:</strong> Contact <a href="mailto:orders@wwnorton.com" title="Contact WW Norton by mail" target="_blank">W.W. Norton</a> to place your order.<br> <strong>All Others:</strong> Visit our <a href="https://yalebooks.co.uk" title="Yale University Press London website" target="_blank">Yale University Press London</a> website to place your order.</p> <div class="styled-dropdown"> <label for="currency" hidden="hidden" style="display: none">Choose a Shipping Location</label> <select name="currency" class="select-dropdown__select" tabindex="-1"> <option value="0">Choose a destination</option> <option value="US">United States of America</option> <option value="CA">Canada</option> </select> </div> <p class="shipping-message-updated" style="opacity:0">Shipping Updated</p> <div class="js-close-button-wrapper close-button-wrapper"> <a href="#" class="js-close-popup site-cta-button">Close</a> </div> <div class="checkout-btn js-checkout-btn"></div> </div> </div> <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="site-container"> <div class="flex-footer"> <div class="flex-footer_col"> <div class="site-footer__logos"> <div class="site-footer__logo"> <img src="https://dhjhkxawhe8q4.cloudfront.net/yup-wp/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/19164841/YUP_logo_white.png" alt="YUP_logo_white"/> </div> </div> <p class="site-footer__address"> 302 Temple Street<br /> New Haven, CT 06511-8909 </p> </div> <div class="flex-footer_col footer-nav"> <div class="site-footer__nav"> <nav class="footer-navigation" role="navigation" aria-label="footer menu"> <div class="menu-footer-nav-container"><ul id="footer-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-1757" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-1757"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Column</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-2409" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2409"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/books/new-releases/">New Releases</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2413" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2413"><a href="/catalogs/">Catalogues</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2418" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2418"><a href="/about-us/editors/#submissions">Submissions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-100116" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-100116"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/support-the-press/">Give</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2410" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2410"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1763" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-1763"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Column</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-4737" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4737"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/blog/">Blog</a></li> <li id="menu-item-95201" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-95201"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/category/yale-press-podcast/">Podcast</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2412" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2412"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/employment-opportunities/">Careers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2414" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-2414"><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://usability.yale.edu/web-accessibility/accessibility-yale">Accessibility at Yale</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2417" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2417"><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul></div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="flex-footer_col socials"> <div class="site-footer__socials"> <div class='site-branding__social site-footer__social'><span class='site-branding__social__icon'><a href='https://www.twitter.com/yalepress' target='_blank' title='Follow us on X (formerly Twitter)' class='twitter'><span class='icon-twitter'></span></a></span><span class='site-branding__social__icon'><a href='https://www.facebook.com/yalepress' target='_blank' title='Follow us on Facebook' class='facebook'><span class='icon-facebook'></span></a></span><span class='site-branding__social__icon'><a href='https://www.instagram.com/yalebooks/?hl=en' target='_blank' title='Follow us on Instagram' class='instagram'><span class='icon-instagram'></span></a></span><span class='site-branding__social__icon'><a href='https://www.tiktok.com/@yalepress' target='_blank' title='Follow us on TikTok' class='tiktok'><span class='icon-tiktok'></span></a></span><span class='site-branding__social__icon'><a href='https://www.youtube.com/user/yalepress' target='_blank' title='Follow us on YouTube' class='youtube'><span class='icon-youtube'></span></a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> <p class="site-footer__copy-right"> Copyright © 2024 Yale University </p> <p class="site-footer__credit-link">Powered by <a href="http://www.supadu.com" target="_blank">Supadu</a></p> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <script>function loadScript(a){var b=document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0],c=document.createElement("script");c.type="text/javascript",c.src="https://tracker.metricool.com/app/resources/be.js",c.onreadystatechange=a,c.onload=a,b.appendChild(c)}loadScript(function(){beTracker.t({hash:'e35ed5b2743a018936ce34a6f49427f7'})})</script><div id="pum-102380" class="pum pum-overlay pum-theme-98168 pum-theme-98168 popmake-overlay auto_open click_open" data-popmake="{"id":102380,"slug":"schreiben-lernen-2ed","theme_id":98168,"cookies":[{"event":"on_popup_close","settings":{"name":"pum-102380","key":"","session":false,"path":"1","time":"1 month"}}],"triggers":[{"type":"auto_open","settings":{"cookie_name":["pum-102380"],"delay":500}},{"type":"click_open","settings":{"extra_selectors":"","cookie_name":null}}],"mobile_disabled":null,"tablet_disabled":null,"meta":{"display":{"stackable":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"scrollable_content":false,"disable_reposition":false,"size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_min_width_unit":false,"responsive_max_width":"100%","responsive_max_width_unit":false,"custom_width":"640px","custom_width_unit":false,"custom_height":"380px","custom_height_unit":false,"custom_height_auto":false,"location":"center","position_from_trigger":false,"position_top":"100","position_left":"0","position_bottom":"0","position_right":"0","position_fixed":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","overlay_zindex":false,"zindex":"1999999999"},"close":{"text":"","button_delay":"0","overlay_click":false,"esc_press":false,"f4_press":false},"click_open":[],"convert_on":"link_click"},"conditions":[[{"target":"url_is","not_operand":false,"settings":{"search":"https:\/\/yalebooks.yale.edu\/book\/9780300166033\/schreiben-lernen\/"},"search":"https:\/\/yalebooks.yale.edu\/book\/9780300166033\/schreiben-lernen\/"}]]}" role="dialog" aria-modal="false" aria-labelledby="pum_popup_title_102380"> <div id="popmake-102380" class="pum-container popmake theme-98168 pum-responsive pum-responsive-medium responsive size-medium"> <div id="pum_popup_title_102380" class="pum-title popmake-title"> New Edition Available </div> <div class="pum-content popmake-content" tabindex="0"> <p><a href="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300243543/schreiben-lernen/">Learn more about <em>Schreiben lernen, 2nd Edition, </em>available now. </a></p> </div> <button type="button" class="pum-close popmake-close" aria-label="Close"> ✖ </button> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-content/plugins/foxyshop/js/foxyshop.js?ver=4.9.4" id="foxyshop_js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-content/plugins/frontend-reset-password/assets/js/password-lost.js?ver=1.0.0" id="som_reset_password_script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-content/plugins/instant-landing-pages/js/all.min.js?ver=1.0.1" id="ilp-script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js?ver=1.13.2" id="jquery-ui-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="popup-maker-site-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var pum_vars = {"version":"1.19.0","pm_dir_url":"https:\/\/yalebooks.yale.edu\/wp-content\/plugins\/popup-maker\/","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/yalebooks.yale.edu\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","restapi":"https:\/\/yalebooks.yale.edu\/wp-json\/pum\/v1","rest_nonce":null,"default_theme":"98168","debug_mode":"","disable_tracking":"","home_url":"\/","message_position":"top","core_sub_forms_enabled":"1","popups":[],"cookie_domain":"","analytics_route":"analytics","analytics_api":"https:\/\/yalebooks.yale.edu\/wp-json\/pum\/v1","page":"-1","gmt_offset":"-5","server_timezone":"America\/New_York"}; var pum_sub_vars = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/yalebooks.yale.edu\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","message_position":"top"}; var pum_popups = {"pum-102380":{"triggers":[{"type":"auto_open","settings":{"cookie_name":["pum-102380"],"delay":500}}],"cookies":[{"event":"on_popup_close","settings":{"name":"pum-102380","key":"","session":false,"path":"1","time":"1 month"}}],"disable_on_mobile":false,"disable_on_tablet":false,"explain":null,"type_section":null,"theme_id":"98168","size":"medium","responsive_min_width":"0%","responsive_max_width":"100%","custom_width":"640px","custom_height_auto":false,"custom_height":"380px","scrollable_content":false,"animation_type":"fade","animation_speed":"350","animation_origin":"center top","open_sound":"none","custom_sound":"","location":"center","position_top":"100","position_bottom":"0","position_left":"0","position_right":"0","position_from_trigger":false,"position_fixed":false,"overlay_disabled":false,"stackable":false,"disable_reposition":false,"zindex":"1999999999","close_button_delay":"0","fi_promotion":null,"close_on_form_submission":false,"close_on_form_submission_delay":"0","close_on_overlay_click":false,"close_on_esc_press":false,"close_on_f4_press":false,"disable_form_reopen":false,"disable_accessibility":false,"theme_slug":"98168","id":102380,"slug":"schreiben-lernen-2ed","conditions":[[{"target":"url_is","not_operand":false,"settings":{"search":"https:\/\/yalebooks.yale.edu\/book\/9780300166033\/schreiben-lernen\/"},"search":"https:\/\/yalebooks.yale.edu\/book\/9780300166033\/schreiben-lernen\/"}]]}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-content/plugins/popup-maker/assets/js/site.min.js?defer&ver=1.19.0" id="popup-maker-site-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="popmake-popup-analytics-js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var popmake_pa = {"nonce":"f4e23b629e"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-content/plugins/popup-maker-popup-analytics/assets/js/scripts.min.js?defer&ver=1.1.13" id="popmake-popup-analytics-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="university-press-theme-script-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var universityPressThemeSettings = {"wordpressAjaxUrl":"https:\/\/yalebooks.yale.edu\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","site_url":"https:\/\/yalebooks.yale.edu","default_search_page_id":"149","default_search_page_slug":"https:\/\/yalebooks.yale.edu\/search-results\/","predictive_book_url_pattern":"\/book\/%isbn13%\/%title%","predictive_books_no_results":"No results found","predictive_books_header":"Books","predictive_author_header":"Authors","predictive_content_header":"On The Site","predictive_enable_journals":"","predictive_journals_header":"Journals","predictive_results_amount":"3","predictive_cta_copy":"View All results","search_mobile_open_text":"OPEN +","search_mobile_close_text":"CLOSE -","fixed_header_breakpoint":"950","show_google_preview_label":"Preview This Book"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-content/themes/university_press_theme/js/all.min.js?ver=1.35.2" id="university-press-theme-script-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="pum-atc-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var pum_atc_vars = {"page":"-1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-content/plugins/popup-maker-advanced-targeting-conditions//assets/js/pum-atc-site.min.js?ver=1.4.6" id="pum-atc-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="supapress-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var supapress_config = {"angularjs_support":"false","blog_details":{"site_url":"https:\/\/yalebooks.yale.edu"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://yalebooks.yale.edu/wp-content/plugins/supapress/includes/js/scripts.min.js?ver=2.23.4" id="supapress-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"NRJS-644429b5b3ed6f27bc5","applicationID":"1585444697","transactionName":"blFaYhdWWkIFVhFRXVcbeVURXltfS0EAVUJVVUxTSFFBXQgYElFWTVw=","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":1867,"atts":"QhZZFF9MSUw=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Franz Liszt