CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" class="docs-wrapper plugin-docs plugin-id-default docs-version-current docs-doc-page docs-doc-id-how_to/graph_semantic" data-has-hydrated="false"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="generator" content="Docusaurus v3.5.2"> <title data-rh="true">How to add a semantic layer over graph database | 🦜️🔗 LangChain</title><meta data-rh="true" name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:image" content="https://python.langchain.com/img/brand/theme-image.png"><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:image" content="https://python.langchain.com/img/brand/theme-image.png"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:url" content="https://python.langchain.com/docs/how_to/graph_semantic/"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:locale" content="en"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_locale" content="en"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:language" content="en"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_version" content="current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_tag" content="docs-default-current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:version" content="current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:docusaurus_tag" content="docs-default-current"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:title" content="How to add a semantic layer over graph database | 🦜️🔗 LangChain"><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="You can use database queries to retrieve information from a graph database like Neo4j."><meta data-rh="true" property="og:description" content="You can use database queries to retrieve information from a graph database like Neo4j."><link data-rh="true" rel="icon" href="/img/brand/favicon.png"><link data-rh="true" rel="canonical" href="https://python.langchain.com/docs/how_to/graph_semantic/"><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="https://python.langchain.com/docs/how_to/graph_semantic/" hreflang="en"><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="https://python.langchain.com/docs/how_to/graph_semantic/" hreflang="x-default"><link data-rh="true" rel="preconnect" href="https://VAU016LAWS-dsn.algolia.net" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="🦜️🔗 LangChain" href="/opensearch.xml"> <script src="/js/google_analytics.js"></script> <script src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-9B66JQQH2F" async></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/styles.12df7c44.css"> <script src="/assets/js/runtime~main.20ada409.js" defer="defer"></script> <script src="/assets/js/main.015f8685.js" defer="defer"></script> </head> <body class="navigation-with-keyboard"> <script>!function(){function t(t){document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-theme",t)}var e=function(){try{return new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get("docusaurus-theme")}catch(t){}}()||function(){try{return window.localStorage.getItem("theme")}catch(t){}}();null!==e?t(e):window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches?t("dark"):(window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: light)").matches,t("light"))}(),function(){try{const n=new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).entries();for(var[t,e]of n)if(t.startsWith("docusaurus-data-")){var a=t.replace("docusaurus-data-","data-");document.documentElement.setAttribute(a,e)}}catch(t){}}(),document.documentElement.setAttribute("data-announcement-bar-initially-dismissed",function(){try{return"true"===localStorage.getItem("docusaurus.announcement.dismiss")}catch(t){}return!1}())</script><div id="__docusaurus"><div role="region" aria-label="Skip to main content"><a class="skipToContent_fXgn" href="#__docusaurus_skipToContent_fallback">Skip to main content</a></div><div class="announcementBar_mb4j" style="background-color:#d0c9fe" role="banner"><div class="announcementBarPlaceholder_vyr4"></div><div class="content_knG7 announcementBarContent_xLdY">Join us at <a href="https://interrupt.langchain.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Interrupt: The Agent AI Conference by LangChain</a> on May 13 & 14 in San Francisco!</div><button type="button" aria-label="Close" class="clean-btn close closeButton_CVFx announcementBarClose_gvF7"><svg viewBox="0 0 15 15" width="14" height="14"><g stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="3.1"><path d="M.75.75l13.5 13.5M14.25.75L.75 14.25"></path></g></svg></button></div><nav aria-label="Main" class="navbar navbar--fixed-top"><div class="navbar__inner"><div class="navbar__items"><button aria-label="Toggle navigation bar" aria-expanded="false" class="navbar__toggle clean-btn" type="button"><svg width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 30 30" aria-hidden="true"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-miterlimit="10" stroke-width="2" d="M4 7h22M4 15h22M4 23h22"></path></svg></button><a class="navbar__brand" href="/"><div class="navbar__logo"><img src="/img/brand/wordmark.png" alt="🦜️🔗 LangChain" class="themedComponent_mlkZ themedComponent--light_NVdE"><img src="/img/brand/wordmark-dark.png" alt="🦜️🔗 LangChain" class="themedComponent_mlkZ themedComponent--dark_xIcU"></div></a><a class="navbar__item navbar__link" href="/docs/integrations/providers/">Integrations</a><a href="https://python.langchain.com/api_reference/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="navbar__item navbar__link">API Reference</a><div class="navbar__item dropdown dropdown--hoverable"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" role="button" class="navbar__link">More</a><ul class="dropdown__menu"><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/docs/contributing/">Contributing</a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/docs/people/">People</a></li><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/docs/troubleshooting/errors/">Error reference</a></li><li><hr class="dropdown-separator" style="margin-top: 0.5rem; margin-bottom: 0.5rem"></li><li><a href="https://docs.smith.langchain.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="dropdown__link">LangSmith<svg width="12" height="12" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li><li><a href="https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="dropdown__link">LangGraph<svg width="12" height="12" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li><li><a href="https://smith.langchain.com/hub" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="dropdown__link">LangChain Hub<svg width="12" height="12" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li><li><a href="https://js.langchain.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="dropdown__link">LangChain JS/TS<svg width="12" height="12" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="navbar__items navbar__items--right"><div class="navbar__item dropdown dropdown--hoverable dropdown--right"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" role="button" class="navbar__link">v0.3</a><ul class="dropdown__menu"><li><a class="dropdown__link" href="/docs/introduction/">v0.3</a></li><li><a href="https://python.langchain.com/v0.2/docs/introduction" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="dropdown__link">v0.2<svg width="12" height="12" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li><li><a href="https://python.langchain.com/v0.1/docs/get_started/introduction" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="dropdown__link">v0.1<svg width="12" height="12" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><a href="https://chat.langchain.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="navbar__item navbar__link">💬</a><a href="https://github.com/langchain-ai/langchain" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="navbar__item navbar__link header-github-link" aria-label="GitHub repository"></a><div class="toggle_vylO colorModeToggle_DEke"><button class="clean-btn toggleButton_gllP toggleButtonDisabled_aARS" type="button" disabled="" title="Switch between dark and light mode (currently light mode)" aria-label="Switch between dark and light mode (currently light mode)" aria-live="polite"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" class="lightToggleIcon_pyhR"><path fill="currentColor" d="M12,9c1.65,0,3,1.35,3,3s-1.35,3-3,3s-3-1.35-3-3S10.35,9,12,9 M12,7c-2.76,0-5,2.24-5,5s2.24,5,5,5s5-2.24,5-5 S14.76,7,12,7L12,7z M2,13l2,0c0.55,0,1-0.45,1-1s-0.45-1-1-1l-2,0c-0.55,0-1,0.45-1,1S1.45,13,2,13z M20,13l2,0c0.55,0,1-0.45,1-1 s-0.45-1-1-1l-2,0c-0.55,0-1,0.45-1,1S19.45,13,20,13z M11,2v2c0,0.55,0.45,1,1,1s1-0.45,1-1V2c0-0.55-0.45-1-1-1S11,1.45,11,2z M11,20v2c0,0.55,0.45,1,1,1s1-0.45,1-1v-2c0-0.55-0.45-1-1-1C11.45,19,11,19.45,11,20z M5.99,4.58c-0.39-0.39-1.03-0.39-1.41,0 c-0.39,0.39-0.39,1.03,0,1.41l1.06,1.06c0.39,0.39,1.03,0.39,1.41,0s0.39-1.03,0-1.41L5.99,4.58z M18.36,16.95 c-0.39-0.39-1.03-0.39-1.41,0c-0.39,0.39-0.39,1.03,0,1.41l1.06,1.06c0.39,0.39,1.03,0.39,1.41,0c0.39-0.39,0.39-1.03,0-1.41 L18.36,16.95z M19.42,5.99c0.39-0.39,0.39-1.03,0-1.41c-0.39-0.39-1.03-0.39-1.41,0l-1.06,1.06c-0.39,0.39-0.39,1.03,0,1.41 s1.03,0.39,1.41,0L19.42,5.99z M7.05,18.36c0.39-0.39,0.39-1.03,0-1.41c-0.39-0.39-1.03-0.39-1.41,0l-1.06,1.06 c-0.39,0.39-0.39,1.03,0,1.41s1.03,0.39,1.41,0L7.05,18.36z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" class="darkToggleIcon_wfgR"><path fill="currentColor" d="M9.37,5.51C9.19,6.15,9.1,6.82,9.1,7.5c0,4.08,3.32,7.4,7.4,7.4c0.68,0,1.35-0.09,1.99-0.27C17.45,17.19,14.93,19,12,19 c-3.86,0-7-3.14-7-7C5,9.07,6.81,6.55,9.37,5.51z M12,3c-4.97,0-9,4.03-9,9s4.03,9,9,9s9-4.03,9-9c0-0.46-0.04-0.92-0.1-1.36 c-0.98,1.37-2.58,2.26-4.4,2.26c-2.98,0-5.4-2.42-5.4-5.4c0-1.81,0.89-3.42,2.26-4.4C12.92,3.04,12.46,3,12,3L12,3z"></path></svg></button></div><div class="navbarSearchContainer_Bca1"><button type="button" class="DocSearch DocSearch-Button" aria-label="Search"><svg width="20" height="20" class="DocSearch-Search-Icon" viewBox="0 0 20 20" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M14.386 14.386l4.0877 4.0877-4.0877-4.0877c-2.9418 2.9419-7.7115 2.9419-10.6533 0-2.9419-2.9418-2.9419-7.7115 0-10.6533 2.9418-2.9419 7.7115-2.9419 10.6533 0 2.9419 2.9418 2.9419 7.7115 0 10.6533z" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg>Search</button></div></div></div><div role="presentation" class="navbar-sidebar__backdrop"></div></nav><div id="__docusaurus_skipToContent_fallback" class="main-wrapper mainWrapper_z2l0"><div class="docsWrapper_hBAB"><button aria-label="Scroll back to top" class="clean-btn theme-back-to-top-button backToTopButton_sjWU" type="button"></button><div class="docRoot_UBD9"><aside class="theme-doc-sidebar-container docSidebarContainer_YfHR"><div class="sidebarViewport_aRkj"><div class="sidebar_njMd"><nav aria-label="Docs sidebar" class="menu thin-scrollbar menu_SIkG menuWithAnnouncementBar_GW3s"><ul class="theme-doc-sidebar-menu menu__list"><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-1 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/docs/introduction/">Introduction</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link" href="/docs/tutorials/">Tutorials</a></div><ul style="display:block;overflow:visible;height:auto" class="menu__list"><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/tutorials/graph/">Build a Question Answering application over a Graph Database</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/tutorials/">Tutorials</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/tutorials/llm_chain/">Build a simple LLM application with chat models and prompt templates</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/tutorials/chatbot/">Build a Chatbot</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/tutorials/qa_chat_history/">Build a Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) App: Part 2</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/tutorials/extraction/">Build an Extraction Chain</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/tutorials/agents/">Build an Agent</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/tutorials/classification/">Tagging</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/tutorials/rag/">Build a Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) App: Part 1</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/tutorials/retrievers/">Build a semantic search engine</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/tutorials/sql_qa/">Build a Question/Answering system over SQL data</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/tutorials/summarization/">Summarize Text</a></li></ul></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--active" href="/docs/how_to/">How-to guides</a></div><ul style="display:block;overflow:visible;height:auto" class="menu__list"><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/">How-to guides</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/tools_chain/">How to use tools in a chain</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/vectorstore_retriever/">How to use a vectorstore as a retriever</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/chatbots_memory/">How to add memory to chatbots</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/example_selectors/">How to use example selectors</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link menu__link--active" aria-current="page" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/graph_semantic/">How to add a semantic layer over graph database</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/parallel/">How to invoke runnables in parallel</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/chat_streaming/">How to stream chat model responses</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/binding/">How to add default invocation args to a Runnable</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/chatbots_retrieval/">How to add retrieval to chatbots</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/few_shot_examples_chat/">How to use few shot examples in chat models</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/function_calling/">How to do tool/function calling</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/installation/">How to install LangChain packages</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/query_few_shot/">How to add examples to the prompt for query analysis</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/few_shot_examples/">How to use few shot examples</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/functions/">How to run custom functions</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/output_parser_structured/">How to use output parsers to parse an LLM response into structured format</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/query_no_queries/">How to handle cases where no queries are generated</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/routing/">How to route between sub-chains</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/structured_output/">How to return structured data from a model</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/summarize_map_reduce/">How to summarize text through parallelization</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/summarize_refine/">How to summarize text through iterative refinement</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/summarize_stuff/">How to summarize text in a single LLM call</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/toolkits/">How to use toolkits</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/tools_prompting/">How to add ad-hoc tool calling capability to LLMs and Chat Models</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/agent_executor/">Build an Agent with AgentExecutor (Legacy)</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/graph_constructing/">How to construct knowledge graphs</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/prompts_partial/">How to partially format prompt templates</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/query_multiple_queries/">How to handle multiple queries when doing query analysis</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/tools_builtin/">How to use built-in tools and toolkits</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/passthrough/">How to pass through arguments from one step to the next</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/prompts_composition/">How to compose prompts together</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/query_multiple_retrievers/">How to handle multiple retrievers when doing query analysis</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/assign/">How to add values to a chain's state</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/query_constructing_filters/">How to construct filters for query analysis</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/configure/">How to configure runtime chain internals</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/query_high_cardinality/">How deal with high cardinality categoricals when doing query analysis</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/document_loader_custom/">Custom Document Loader</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/MultiQueryRetriever/">How to use the MultiQueryRetriever</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/add_scores_retriever/">How to add scores to retriever results</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/caching_embeddings/">Caching</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/callbacks_async/">How to use callbacks in async environments</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/callbacks_attach/">How to attach callbacks to a runnable</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/callbacks_constructor/">How to propagate callbacks constructor</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/callbacks_custom_events/">How to dispatch custom callback events</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/callbacks_runtime/">How to pass callbacks in at runtime</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/character_text_splitter/">How to split by character</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/chat_model_caching/">How to cache chat model responses</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/chat_model_rate_limiting/">How to handle rate limits</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/chat_models_universal_init/">How to init any model in one line</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/chat_token_usage_tracking/">How to track token usage in ChatModels</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/chatbots_tools/">How to add tools to chatbots</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/code_splitter/">How to split code</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/contextual_compression/">How to do retrieval with contextual compression</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/convert_runnable_to_tool/">How to convert Runnables to Tools</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/custom_callbacks/">How to create custom callback handlers</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/custom_chat_model/">How to create a custom chat model class</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/custom_embeddings/">Custom Embeddings</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/custom_llm/">How to create a custom LLM class</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/custom_retriever/">Custom Retriever</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/custom_tools/">How to create tools</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/debugging/">How to debug your LLM apps</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/document_loader_csv/">How to load CSVs</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/document_loader_directory/">How to load documents from a directory</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/document_loader_html/">How to load HTML</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/document_loader_json/">How to load JSON</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/document_loader_markdown/">How to load Markdown</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/document_loader_office_file/">How to load Microsoft Office files</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/document_loader_pdf/">How to load PDFs</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/document_loader_web/">How to load web pages</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/dynamic_chain/">How to create a dynamic (self-constructing) chain</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/embed_text/">Text embedding models</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/ensemble_retriever/">How to combine results from multiple retrievers</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/example_selectors_langsmith/">How to select examples from a LangSmith dataset</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/example_selectors_length_based/">How to select examples by length</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/example_selectors_mmr/">How to select examples by maximal marginal relevance (MMR)</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/example_selectors_ngram/">How to select examples by n-gram overlap</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/example_selectors_similarity/">How to select examples by similarity</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/extraction_examples/">How to use reference examples when doing extraction</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/extraction_long_text/">How to handle long text when doing extraction</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/extraction_parse/">How to use prompting alone (no tool calling) to do extraction</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/fallbacks/">How to add fallbacks to a runnable</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/filter_messages/">How to filter messages</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/hybrid/">Hybrid Search</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/indexing/">How to use the LangChain indexing API</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/inspect/">How to inspect runnables</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/lcel_cheatsheet/">LangChain Expression Language Cheatsheet</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/llm_caching/">How to cache LLM responses</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/llm_token_usage_tracking/">How to track token usage for LLMs</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/local_llms/">Run models locally</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/logprobs/">How to get log probabilities</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/long_context_reorder/">How to reorder retrieved results to mitigate the "lost in the middle" effect</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/markdown_header_metadata_splitter/">How to split Markdown by Headers</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/merge_message_runs/">How to merge consecutive messages of the same type</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/message_history/">How to add message history</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/migrate_agent/">How to migrate from legacy LangChain agents to LangGraph</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/multi_vector/">How to retrieve using multiple vectors per document</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/multimodal_inputs/">How to pass multimodal data directly to models</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/multimodal_prompts/">How to use multimodal prompts</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/output_parser_custom/">How to create a custom Output Parser</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/output_parser_fixing/">How to use the output-fixing parser</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/output_parser_json/">How to parse JSON output</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/output_parser_retry/">How to retry when a parsing error occurs</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/output_parser_string/">How to parse text from message objects</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/output_parser_xml/">How to parse XML output</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/output_parser_yaml/">How to parse YAML output</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/parent_document_retriever/">How to use the Parent Document Retriever</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/pydantic_compatibility/">How to use LangChain with different Pydantic versions</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/qa_chat_history_how_to/">How to add chat history</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/qa_citations/">How to get a RAG application to add citations</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/qa_per_user/">How to do per-user retrieval</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/qa_sources/">How to get your RAG application to return sources</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/qa_streaming/">How to stream results from your RAG application</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/recursive_json_splitter/">How to split JSON data</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/recursive_text_splitter/">How to recursively split text by characters</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/response_metadata/">Response metadata</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/runnable_runtime_secrets/">How to pass runtime secrets to runnables</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/self_query/">How to do "self-querying" retrieval</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/semantic-chunker/">How to split text based on semantic similarity</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/sequence/">How to chain runnables</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/serialization/">How to save and load LangChain objects</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/split_by_token/">How to split text by tokens</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/split_html/">How to split HTML</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/sql_csv/">How to do question answering over CSVs</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/sql_large_db/">How to deal with large databases when doing SQL question-answering</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/sql_prompting/">How to better prompt when doing SQL question-answering</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/sql_query_checking/">How to do query validation as part of SQL question-answering</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/streaming/">How to stream runnables</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/streaming_llm/">How to stream responses from an LLM</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/time_weighted_vectorstore/">How to use a time-weighted vector store retriever</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/tool_artifacts/">How to return artifacts from a tool</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/tool_calling/">How to use chat models to call tools</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/tool_calling_parallel/">How to disable parallel tool calling</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/tool_choice/">How to force models to call a tool</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/tool_configure/">How to access the RunnableConfig from a tool</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/tool_results_pass_to_model/">How to pass tool outputs to chat models</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/tool_runtime/">How to pass run time values to tools</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/tool_stream_events/">How to stream events from a tool</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/tool_streaming/">How to stream tool calls</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/tools_as_openai_functions/">How to convert tools to OpenAI Functions</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/tools_error/">How to handle tool errors</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/tools_few_shot/">How to use few-shot prompting with tool calling</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/tools_human/">How to add a human-in-the-loop for tools</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/tools_model_specific/">How to bind model-specific tools</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/trim_messages/">How to trim messages</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/vectorstores/">How to create and query vector stores</a></li></ul></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link" href="/docs/concepts/">Conceptual guide</a></div><ul style="display:block;overflow:visible;height:auto" class="menu__list"><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/agents/">Agents</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/architecture/">Architecture</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/async/">Async programming with langchain</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/callbacks/">Callbacks</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/chat_history/">Chat history</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/chat_models/">Chat models</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/document_loaders/">Document loaders</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/embedding_models/">Embedding models</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/evaluation/">Evaluation</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/example_selectors/">Example selectors</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/few_shot_prompting/">Few-shot prompting</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/">Conceptual guide</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/key_value_stores/">Key-value stores</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/lcel/">LangChain Expression Language (LCEL)</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/messages/">Messages</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/multimodality/">Multimodality</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/output_parsers/">Output parsers</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/prompt_templates/">Prompt Templates</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/rag/">Retrieval augmented generation (RAG)</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/retrieval/">Retrieval</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/retrievers/">Retrievers</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/runnables/">Runnable interface</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/streaming/">Streaming</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/structured_outputs/">Structured outputs</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/testing/">Testing</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/text_llms/">String-in, string-out llms</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/text_splitters/">Text splitters</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/tokens/">Tokens</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/tool_calling/">Tool calling</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/tools/">Tools</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/tracing/">Tracing</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/vectorstores/">Vector stores</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/concepts/why_langchain/">Why LangChain?</a></li></ul></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link">Ecosystem</a></div><ul style="display:block;overflow:visible;height:auto" class="menu__list"><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a href="https://docs.smith.langchain.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="menu__link menuExternalLink_NmtK" tabindex="0">🦜🛠️ LangSmith<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a href="https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="menu__link menuExternalLink_NmtK" tabindex="0">🦜🕸️ LangGraph<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link">Versions</a></div><ul style="display:block;overflow:visible;height:auto" class="menu__list"><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/versions/v0_3/">v0.3</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-2 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist menu__link--sublist-caret" role="button" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" href="/docs/versions/v0_2/overview/">v0.2</a></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/how_to/pydantic_compatibility/">Pydantic compatibility</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-2 menu__list-item"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/versions/migrating_chains/">Migrating from v0.0 chains</a></div><ul style="display:block;overflow:visible;height:auto" class="menu__list"><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/versions/migrating_chains/">How to migrate from v0.0 chains</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/versions/migrating_chains/constitutional_chain/">Migrating from ConstitutionalChain</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/versions/migrating_chains/conversation_chain/">Migrating from ConversationalChain</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/versions/migrating_chains/conversation_retrieval_chain/">Migrating from ConversationalRetrievalChain</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/versions/migrating_chains/llm_chain/">Migrating from LLMChain</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/versions/migrating_chains/llm_math_chain/">Migrating from LLMMathChain</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/versions/migrating_chains/llm_router_chain/">Migrating from LLMRouterChain</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/versions/migrating_chains/map_reduce_chain/">Migrating from MapReduceDocumentsChain</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/versions/migrating_chains/map_rerank_docs_chain/">Migrating from MapRerankDocumentsChain</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/versions/migrating_chains/multi_prompt_chain/">Migrating from MultiPromptChain</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/versions/migrating_chains/refine_docs_chain/">Migrating from RefineDocumentsChain</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/versions/migrating_chains/retrieval_qa/">Migrating from RetrievalQA</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/versions/migrating_chains/stuff_docs_chain/">Migrating from StuffDocumentsChain</a></li></ul></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-2 menu__list-item"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/versions/migrating_memory/">Upgrading to LangGraph memory</a></div><ul style="display:block;overflow:visible;height:auto" class="menu__list"><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/versions/migrating_memory/">How to migrate to LangGraph memory</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/versions/migrating_memory/chat_history/">How to use BaseChatMessageHistory with LangGraph</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/versions/migrating_memory/conversation_buffer_memory/">Migrating off ConversationBufferMemory or ConversationStringBufferMemory</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/versions/migrating_memory/conversation_buffer_window_memory/">Migrating off ConversationBufferWindowMemory or ConversationTokenBufferMemory</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/versions/migrating_memory/conversation_summary_memory/">Migrating off ConversationSummaryMemory or ConversationSummaryBufferMemory</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-3 menu__list-item hidden"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/versions/migrating_memory/long_term_memory_agent/">A Long-Term Memory Agent</a></li></ul></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-2 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/docs/versions/release_policy/">Release policy</a></li></ul></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-1 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/docs/security/">Security Policy</a></li></ul></nav><button type="button" title="Collapse sidebar" aria-label="Collapse sidebar" class="button button--secondary button--outline collapseSidebarButton_PEFL"><svg width="20" height="20" aria-hidden="true" class="collapseSidebarButtonIcon_kv0_"><g fill="#7a7a7a"><path d="M9.992 10.023c0 .2-.062.399-.172.547l-4.996 7.492a.982.982 0 01-.828.454H1c-.55 0-1-.453-1-1 0-.2.059-.403.168-.551l4.629-6.942L.168 3.078A.939.939 0 010 2.528c0-.548.45-.997 1-.997h2.996c.352 0 .649.18.828.45L9.82 9.472c.11.148.172.347.172.55zm0 0"></path><path d="M19.98 10.023c0 .2-.058.399-.168.547l-4.996 7.492a.987.987 0 01-.828.454h-3c-.547 0-.996-.453-.996-1 0-.2.059-.403.168-.551l4.625-6.942-4.625-6.945a.939.939 0 01-.168-.55 1 1 0 01.996-.997h3c.348 0 .649.18.828.45l4.996 7.492c.11.148.168.347.168.55zm0 0"></path></g></svg></button></div></div></aside><main class="docMainContainer_TBSr"><div class="container padding-top--md padding-bottom--lg"><div class="row"><div class="col docItemCol_z5aJ"><div class="docItemContainer_c0TR"><article><nav class="theme-doc-breadcrumbs breadcrumbsContainer_Z_bl" aria-label="Breadcrumbs"><ul class="breadcrumbs" itemscope="" itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"><li class="breadcrumbs__item"><a aria-label="Home page" class="breadcrumbs__link" href="/"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="breadcrumbHomeIcon_YNFT"><path d="M10 19v-5h4v5c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1v-7h1.7c.46 0 .68-.57.33-.87L12.67 3.6c-.38-.34-.96-.34-1.34 0l-8.36 7.53c-.34.3-.13.87.33.87H5v7c0 .55.45 1 1 1h3c.55 0 1-.45 1-1z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></a></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item"><a class="breadcrumbs__link" itemprop="item" href="/docs/how_to/">How-to guides</a><meta itemprop="position" content="1"></li><li itemscope="" itemprop="itemListElement" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="breadcrumbs__item breadcrumbs__item--active">How to add a semantic layer over graph database<meta itemprop="position" content="2"></li></ul></nav><div class="tocCollapsible_ETCw theme-doc-toc-mobile tocMobile_ITEo"><button type="button" class="clean-btn tocCollapsibleButton_TO0P">On this page</button></div><div style="display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-end;float:right;margin-left:12px"><a target="_blank" href="https://colab.research.google.com/github/langchain-ai/langchain/blob/master/docs/docs/how_to/graph_semantic.ipynb"><img src="https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg" alt="Open In Colab"></a><a href="https://github.com/langchain-ai/langchain/blob/master/docs/docs/how_to/graph_semantic.ipynb" target="_blank"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Open%20on%20GitHub-grey?logo=github&logoColor=white" alt="Open on GitHub"></a></div><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>How to add a semantic layer over graph database</h1></header> You can use database queries to retrieve information from a graph database like Neo4j. One option is to use LLMs to generate Cypher statements. While that option provides excellent flexibility, the solution could be brittle and not consistently generating precise Cypher statements. Instead of generating Cypher statements, we can implement Cypher templates as tools in a semantic layer that an LLM agent can interact with. <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="graph_semantic.png" src="/assets/images/graph_semantic-365248d76b7862193c33f44eaa6ecaeb.png" width="1018" height="474" class="img_ev3q"> <h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="setup">Setup<a href="#setup" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Setup" title="Direct link to Setup"></a></h2> First, get required packages and set environment variables: <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv">%pip install --upgrade --quiet langchain langchain-neo4j langchain-openai </code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div> We default to OpenAI models in this guide, but you can swap them out for the model provider of your choice. <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv">import getpass import os os.environ["OPENAI_API_KEY"] = getpass.getpass() # Uncomment the below to use LangSmith. Not required. # os.environ["LANGSMITH_API_KEY"] = getpass.getpass() # os.environ["LANGSMITH_TRACING"] = "true" </code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div> <div class="language-output codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-output codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv"> ········ </code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div> Next, we need to define Neo4j credentials. Follow <a href="https://neo4j.com/docs/operations-manual/current/installation/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">these installation steps</a> to set up a Neo4j database. <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv">os.environ["NEO4J_URI"] = "bolt://localhost:7687" os.environ["NEO4J_USERNAME"] = "neo4j" os.environ["NEO4J_PASSWORD"] = "password" </code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div> The below example will create a connection with a Neo4j database and will populate it with example data about movies and their actors. <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv">from langchain_neo4j import Neo4jGraph graph = Neo4jGraph(refresh_schema=False) # Import movie information movies_query = """ LOAD CSV WITH HEADERS FROM 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tomasonjo/blog-datasets/main/movies/movies_small.csv' AS row MERGE (m:Movie {id:row.movieId}) SET m.released = date(row.released), m.title = row.title, m.imdbRating = toFloat(row.imdbRating) FOREACH (director in split(row.director, '|') | MERGE (p:Person {name:trim(director)}) MERGE (p)-[:DIRECTED]->(m)) FOREACH (actor in split(row.actors, '|') | MERGE (p:Person {name:trim(actor)}) MERGE (p)-[:ACTED_IN]->(m)) FOREACH (genre in split(row.genres, '|') | MERGE (g:Genre {name:trim(genre)}) MERGE (m)-[:IN_GENRE]->(g)) """ graph.query(movies_query) </code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:1.3rem;background:var(--prism-background-color);color:var(--prism-color);margin-top:calc(-1 * var(--ifm-leading) - 5px);margin-bottom:var(--ifm-leading);box-shadow:var(--ifm-global-shadow-lw);border-bottom-left-radius:var(--ifm-code-border-radius);border-bottom-right-radius:var(--ifm-code-border-radius)">API Reference:<a href="https://python.langchain.com/api_reference/neo4j/graphs/langchain_neo4j.graphs.neo4j_graph.Neo4jGraph.html">Neo4jGraph</a></div> <div class="language-output codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-output codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv">[] </code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div> <h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="custom-tools-with-cypher-templates">Custom tools with Cypher templates<a href="#custom-tools-with-cypher-templates" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Custom tools with Cypher templates" title="Direct link to Custom tools with Cypher templates"></a></h2> A semantic layer consists of various tools exposed to an LLM that it can use to interact with a knowledge graph. They can be of various complexity. You can think of each tool in a semantic layer as a function. The function we will implement is to retrieve information about movies or their cast. <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv">description_query = """ MATCH (m:Movie|Person) WHERE m.title CONTAINS $candidate OR m.name CONTAINS $candidate MATCH (m)-[r:ACTED_IN|IN_GENRE]-(t) WITH m, type(r) as type, collect(coalesce(t.name, t.title)) as names WITH m, type+": "+reduce(s="", n IN names | s + n + ", ") as types WITH m, collect(types) as contexts WITH m, "type:" + labels(m)[0] + "\ntitle: "+ coalesce(m.title, m.name) + "\nyear: "+coalesce(m.released,"") +"\n" + reduce(s="", c in contexts | s + substring(c, 0, size(c)-2) +"\n") as context RETURN context LIMIT 1 """ def get_information(entity: str) -> str: try: data = graph.query(description_query, params={"candidate": entity}) return data[0]["context"] except IndexError: return "No information was found" </code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div> You can observe that we have defined the Cypher statement used to retrieve information. Therefore, we can avoid generating Cypher statements and use the LLM agent to only populate the input parameters. To provide additional information to an LLM agent about when to use the tool and their input parameters, we wrap the function as a tool. <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv">from typing import Optional, Type from langchain_core.tools import BaseTool from pydantic import BaseModel, Field class InformationInput(BaseModel): entity: str = Field(description="movie or a person mentioned in the question") class InformationTool(BaseTool): name: str = "Information" description: str = ( "useful for when you need to answer questions about various actors or movies" ) args_schema: Type[BaseModel] = InformationInput def _run( self, entity: str, ) -> str: """Use the tool.""" return get_information(entity) async def _arun( self, entity: str, ) -> str: """Use the tool asynchronously.""" return get_information(entity) </code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:1.3rem;background:var(--prism-background-color);color:var(--prism-color);margin-top:calc(-1 * var(--ifm-leading) - 5px);margin-bottom:var(--ifm-leading);box-shadow:var(--ifm-global-shadow-lw);border-bottom-left-radius:var(--ifm-code-border-radius);border-bottom-right-radius:var(--ifm-code-border-radius)">API Reference:<a href="https://python.langchain.com/api_reference/core/tools/langchain_core.tools.base.BaseTool.html">BaseTool</a></div> <h2 class="anchor anchorWithStickyNavbar_LWe7" id="langgraph-agent">LangGraph Agent<a href="#langgraph-agent" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to LangGraph Agent" title="Direct link to LangGraph Agent"></a></h2> We will implement a straightforward ReAct agent using LangGraph. The agent consists of an LLM and tools step. As we interact with the agent, we will first call the LLM to decide if we should use tools. Then we will run a loop: If the agent said to take an action (i.e. call tool), we’ll run the tools and pass the results back to the agent. If the agent did not ask to run tools, we will finish (respond to the user). The code implementation is as straightforward as it gets. First we bind the tools to the LLM and define the assistant step. <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv">from langchain_core.messages import HumanMessage, SystemMessage from langchain_openai import ChatOpenAI from langgraph.graph import MessagesState llm = ChatOpenAI(model="gpt-4o") tools = [InformationTool()] llm_with_tools = llm.bind_tools(tools) # System message sys_msg = SystemMessage( content="You are a helpful assistant tasked with finding and explaining relevant information about movies." ) # Node def assistant(state: MessagesState): return {"messages": [llm_with_tools.invoke([sys_msg] + state["messages"])]} </code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:1.3rem;background:var(--prism-background-color);color:var(--prism-color);margin-top:calc(-1 * var(--ifm-leading) - 5px);margin-bottom:var(--ifm-leading);box-shadow:var(--ifm-global-shadow-lw);border-bottom-left-radius:var(--ifm-code-border-radius);border-bottom-right-radius:var(--ifm-code-border-radius)">API Reference:<a href="https://python.langchain.com/api_reference/core/messages/langchain_core.messages.human.HumanMessage.html">HumanMessage</a> | <a href="https://python.langchain.com/api_reference/core/messages/langchain_core.messages.system.SystemMessage.html">SystemMessage</a> | <a href="https://python.langchain.com/api_reference/openai/chat_models/langchain_openai.chat_models.base.ChatOpenAI.html">ChatOpenAI</a></div> Next we define the LangGraph flow. <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv">from IPython.display import Image, display from langgraph.graph import END, START, StateGraph from langgraph.prebuilt import ToolNode, tools_condition # Graph builder = StateGraph(MessagesState) # Define nodes: these do the work builder.add_node("assistant", assistant) builder.add_node("tools", ToolNode(tools)) # Define edges: these determine how the control flow moves builder.add_edge(START, "assistant") builder.add_conditional_edges( "assistant", # If the latest message (result) from assistant is a tool call -> tools_condition routes to tools # If the latest message (result) from assistant is a not a tool call -> tools_condition routes to END tools_condition, ) builder.add_edge("tools", "assistant") react_graph = builder.compile() # Show display(Image(react_graph.get_graph(xray=True).draw_mermaid_png())) </code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:1.3rem;background:var(--prism-background-color);color:var(--prism-color);margin-top:calc(-1 * var(--ifm-leading) - 5px);margin-bottom:var(--ifm-leading);box-shadow:var(--ifm-global-shadow-lw);border-bottom-left-radius:var(--ifm-code-border-radius);border-bottom-right-radius:var(--ifm-code-border-radius)">API Reference:<a href="https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/reference/graphs/#langgraph.graph.state.StateGraph">StateGraph</a> | <a href="https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/reference/prebuilt/#langgraph.prebuilt.tool_node.ToolNode">ToolNode</a> | <a href="https://langchain-ai.github.io/langgraph/reference/prebuilt/#langgraph.prebuilt.tool_node.tools_condition">tools_condition</a></div> <img decoding="async" loading="lazy" src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt="" class="img_ev3q"> Let's test the workflow now with an example question. <div class="language-python codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-python codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv">input_messages = [HumanMessage(content="Who played in the Casino?")] messages = react_graph.invoke({"messages": input_messages}) for m in messages["messages"]: m.pretty_print() </code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div> <div class="language-output codeBlockContainer_Ckt0 theme-code-block" style="--prism-color:#000000;--prism-background-color:#F5F5F5"><div class="codeBlockContent_biex"><pre tabindex="0" class="prism-code language-output codeBlock_bY9V thin-scrollbar" style="color:#000000;background-color:#F5F5F5"><code class="codeBlockLines_e6Vv">================================[1m Human Message [0m================================= Who played in the Casino? ==================================[1m Ai Message [0m================================== Tool Calls: Information (call_j4usgFStGtBM16fuguRaeoGc) Call ID: call_j4usgFStGtBM16fuguRaeoGc Args: entity: Casino =================================[1m Tool Message [0m================================= Name: Information type:Movie title: Casino year: 1995-11-22 ACTED_IN: Robert De Niro, Joe Pesci, Sharon Stone, James Woods IN_GENRE: Drama, Crime ==================================[1m Ai Message [0m================================== The movie "Casino," released in 1995, features the following actors: - Robert De Niro - Joe Pesci - Sharon Stone - James Woods The film is in the Drama and Crime genres. </code></pre><div class="buttonGroup__atx"><button type="button" aria-label="Copy code to clipboard" title="Copy" class="clean-btn"><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonIcon_y97N"><path fill="currentColor" d="M19,21H8V7H19M19,5H8A2,2 0 0,0 6,7V21A2,2 0 0,0 8,23H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,21V7A2,2 0 0,0 19,5M16,1H4A2,2 0 0,0 2,3V17H4V3H16V1Z"></path></svg><svg viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="copyButtonSuccessIcon_LjdS"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21,7L9,19L3.5,13.5L4.91,12.09L9,16.17L19.59,5.59L21,7Z"></path></svg></button></div></div></div></div><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="row margin-top--sm theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/langchain-ai/langchain/edit/master/docs/docs/how_to/graph_semantic.ipynb" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="theme-edit-this-page"><svg fill="currentColor" height="20" width="20" viewBox="0 0 40 40" class="iconEdit_Z9Sw" aria-hidden="true"><g><path d="m34.5 11.7l-3 3.1-6.3-6.3 3.1-3q0.5-0.5 1.2-0.5t1.1 0.5l3.9 3.9q0.5 0.4 0.5 1.1t-0.5 1.2z m-29.5 17.1l18.4-18.5 6.3 6.3-18.4 18.4h-6.3v-6.2z"></path></g></svg>Edit this page</a></div><div class="col lastUpdated_JAkA"></div></div></footer></article><div style="display:flex;flex-direction:column"><hr><h4>Was this page helpful?</h4><div style="display:flex;gap:5px"><div style="display:flex;align-items:center;padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;padding-left:22px;padding-right:22px;border:1px solid gray;border-radius:6px;gap:10px;cursor:pointer;font-size:16px;font-weight:600" role="button" tabindex="0"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="#166534" style="width:24px;height:24px"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M6.633 10.25c.806 0 1.533-.446 2.031-1.08a9.041 9.041 0 0 1 2.861-2.4c.723-.384 1.35-.956 1.653-1.715a4.498 4.498 0 0 0 .322-1.672V2.75a.75.75 0 0 1 .75-.75 2.25 2.25 0 0 1 2.25 2.25c0 1.152-.26 2.243-.723 3.218-.266.558.107 1.282.725 1.282m0 0h3.126c1.026 0 1.945.694 2.054 1.715.045.422.068.85.068 1.285a11.95 11.95 0 0 1-2.649 7.521c-.388.482-.987.729-1.605.729H13.48c-.483 0-.964-.078-1.423-.23l-3.114-1.04a4.501 4.501 0 0 0-1.423-.23H5.904m10.598-9.75H14.25M5.904 18.5c.083.205.173.405.27.602.197.4-.078.898-.523.898h-.908c-.889 0-1.713-.518-1.972-1.368a12 12 0 0 1-.521-3.507c0-1.553.295-3.036.831-4.398C3.387 9.953 4.167 9.5 5 9.5h1.053c.472 0 .745.556.5.96a8.958 8.958 0 0 0-1.302 4.665c0 1.194.232 2.333.654 3.375Z"></path></svg></div><div style="display:flex;align-items:center;padding-top:10px;padding-bottom:10px;padding-left:22px;padding-right:22px;border:1px solid gray;border-radius:6px;gap:10px;cursor:pointer;font-size:16px;font-weight:600" role="button" tabindex="0"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="#991b1b" style="width:24px;height:24px"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M7.498 15.25H4.372c-1.026 0-1.945-.694-2.054-1.715a12.137 12.137 0 0 1-.068-1.285c0-2.848.992-5.464 2.649-7.521C5.287 4.247 5.886 4 6.504 4h4.016a4.5 4.5 0 0 1 1.423.23l3.114 1.04a4.5 4.5 0 0 0 1.423.23h1.294M7.498 15.25c.618 0 .991.724.725 1.282A7.471 7.471 0 0 0 7.5 19.75 2.25 2.25 0 0 0 9.75 22a.75.75 0 0 0 .75-.75v-.633c0-.573.11-1.14.322-1.672.304-.76.93-1.33 1.653-1.715a9.04 9.04 0 0 0 2.86-2.4c.498-.634 1.226-1.08 2.032-1.08h.384m-10.253 1.5H9.7m8.075-9.75c.01.05.027.1.05.148.593 1.2.925 2.55.925 3.977 0 1.487-.36 2.89-.999 4.125m.023-8.25c-.076-.365.183-.75.575-.75h.908c.889 0 1.713.518 1.972 1.368.339 1.11.521 2.287.521 3.507 0 1.553-.295 3.036-.831 4.398-.306.774-1.086 1.227-1.918 1.227h-1.053c-.472 0-.745-.556-.5-.96a8.95 8.95 0 0 0 .303-.54"></path></svg></div></div></div><nav class="pagination-nav docusaurus-mt-lg" aria-label="Docs pages"><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--prev" href="/docs/how_to/example_selectors/"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Previous</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">How to use example selectors</div></a><a class="pagination-nav__link pagination-nav__link--next" href="/docs/how_to/parallel/"><div class="pagination-nav__sublabel">Next</div><div class="pagination-nav__label">How to invoke runnables in parallel</div></a></nav></div></div><div class="col col--3"><div class="tableOfContents_bqdL thin-scrollbar theme-doc-toc-desktop"><ul class="table-of-contents table-of-contents__left-border"><li><a href="#setup" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Setup</a></li><li><a href="#custom-tools-with-cypher-templates" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">Custom tools with Cypher templates</a></li><li><a href="#langgraph-agent" class="table-of-contents__link toc-highlight">LangGraph Agent</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></main></div></div></div><footer class="footer"><div class="container container-fluid"><div class="row footer__links"><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">Community</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://twitter.com/LangChainAI" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Twitter<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">GitHub</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/langchain-ai" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Organization<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/langchain-ai/langchain" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Python<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://github.com/langchain-ai/langchainjs" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">JS/TS<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div><div class="col footer__col"><div class="footer__title">More</div><ul class="footer__items clean-list"><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://langchain.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Homepage<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://blog.langchain.dev" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">Blog<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li><li class="footer__item"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@LangChain" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="footer__link-item">YouTube<svg width="13.5" height="13.5" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="iconExternalLink_nPIU"><path fill="currentColor" d="M21 13v10h-21v-19h12v2h-10v15h17v-8h2zm3-12h-10.988l4.035 4-6.977 7.07 2.828 2.828 6.977-7.07 4.125 4.172v-11z"></path></svg></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="footer__bottom text--center"><div class="footer__copyright">Copyright © 2025 LangChain, Inc.</div></div></div></footer></div> </body> </html>