CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="oc" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Max Planck — Wikipèdia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )ocwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"oc normal","wgMonthNames":["","genièr","febrièr","març","abril","mai","junh","julhet","agost","setembre","octobre","novembre","decembre"],"wgRequestId":"afc0711c-2963-4d33-8b5c-cde317d38187","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Max_Planck","wgTitle":"Max Planck","wgCurRevisionId":2436480,"wgRevisionId":2436480,"wgArticleId":14904,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Paginas utilizant d'arguments duplicats dins los apèls de modèl","Pàgines amb mides d'imatge que contenen px addicionals","Naissença en 1858","Decès en 1947","Fisician alemand","Laureat del Prèmi Nobel de Fisica","Prèmi Nobel alemand","Personalitat de l'optica","Recipiendari de la Medalha Copley","Naissença en Alemanha"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"oc","wgPageContentLanguage":"oc","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Max_Planck","wgRelevantArticleId":14904,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"oc","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"oc"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":6000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q9021","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ArchiveLinks","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=oc&modules=ext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=oc&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=oc&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.22"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R0116-504%2C_Max_Planck.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1732"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R0116-504%2C_Max_Planck.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1154"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="924"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Max Planck — Wikipèdia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//oc.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Modificar" href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipèdia (oc)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//oc.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.oc"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Flux Atom de Wikipèdia" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Darri%C3%A8rs_cambiaments&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="auth.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Max_Planck rootpage-Max_Planck skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Vejatz lo contengut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Menut principal" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menut principal - Menut principau" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menut principal - Menut principau</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menut principal - Menut principau</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <div id="p-Navigacion" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Navigacion" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigacion </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Acuèlh" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Acu%C3%A8lh"><span>Acuèlh</span></a></li><li id="n-La-tavèrna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:La_tav%C3%A8rna"><span>La tavèrna</span></a></li><li id="n-thema" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Acu%C3%A8lh"><span>Portals tematics</span></a></li><li id="n-alphindex" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Totas_las_paginas"><span>Indèx alfabetic</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Pagina_a_l%27azard" title="Afichar una pagina a l'azard [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Una pagina a l'azard</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Contact-url"><span>contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Contribuir" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Contribuir" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribuir </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Somari" title="L'endrech per s'assabentar."><span>Ajuda</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Acu%C3%A8lh" title="A prepaus del projècte, çò que podètz far, ont trobar d'informacions"><span>Comunautat</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Darri%C3%A8rs_cambiaments" title="Lista dels darrièrs cambiaments sul wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Darrièrs cambiaments</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Paginas_especialas"><span>Paginas especialas</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutwp" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Acu%C3%A8lh_dels_nov%C3%A8ls_venguts"><span>Acuèlh dels novèls venguts</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Acu%C3%A8lh" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-oc.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'enciclopèdia liura" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-oc.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Rec%C3%A8rca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cercar dins Wikipèdia [C]" accesskey="C"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Recercar</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Recercar sus Wikipèdia" aria-label="Recercar sus Wikipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cercar dins Wikipèdia [C]" accesskey="C" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Recèrca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Recercar</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Aisinas personalas"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparéncia"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modificar la dimension, la largor e la color del tèxte." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparéncia" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparéncia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=oc.wikipedia.org&uselang=oc" class=""><span>Far un don</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_un_compte&returnto=Max+Planck" title="Vos es conselhat de crear un compte e de vos connectar ; pasmens, es pas obligatòri" class=""><span>Crear un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Nom_d%27utilizaire&returnto=Max+Planck" title="Sètz convidat(ada) a vos identificar, mas non es pas obligatòri. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Se connectar</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aisinas personalas" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aisinas personalas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="Menut d'utilizator" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=oc.wikipedia.org&uselang=oc"><span>Far un don</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Contribuïr</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_un_compte&returnto=Max+Planck" title="Vos es conselhat de crear un compte e de vos connectar ; pasmens, es pas obligatòri"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crear un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Nom_d%27utilizaire&returnto=Max+Planck" title="Sètz convidat(ada) a vos identificar, mas non es pas obligatòri. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Se connectar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Paginas pels editors non registrats. <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Mas_discussions" title="La pagina de discussion per aquesta adreça IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Somari" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Somari</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Començament</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recèrcas_scientificas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recèrcas_scientificas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Recèrcas scientificas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recèrcas_scientificas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Relacion_amb_Albert_Einstein" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relacion_amb_Albert_Einstein"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Relacion amb Albert Einstein</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relacion_amb_Albert_Einstein-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Darrièras_annadas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Darrièras_annadas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Darrièras annadas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Darrièras_annadas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Articles_connèxes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connèxes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Articles connèxes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connèxes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liames_extèrnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liames_extèrnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Liames extèrnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liames_extèrnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Taula de continguts" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Max Planck</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 146 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-146" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">146 lengas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - aleman de Soïssa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="aleman de Soïssa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%9B%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%B5_%E1%8D%95%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%8A%AD" title="ማክስ ፕላንክ - amaric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ማክስ ፕላንክ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83" title="ماكس بلانك - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماكس بلانك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83" title="ماكس بلانك - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ماكس بلانك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95" title="মেক্স প্লেংক - assamès" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মেক্স প্লেংক" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - aimara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maks_Plank" title="Maks Plank - azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Maks Plank" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3_%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9" title="ماکس پلانک - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ماکس پلانک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Макс Планк - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Макс Планк" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - balinés" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - bavarès" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Макс Планк - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Макс Планк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Макс Плянк - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Макс Плянк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Макс Планк - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Макс Планк" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95" title="मैक्स प्लैंक - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मैक्स प्लैंक" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%95" title="ম্যাক্স প্লাংক - bengalin" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ম্যাক্স প্লাংক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Макс Планк - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Макс Планк" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Планк, Макс - chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Планк, Макс" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3_%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9" title="ماکس پلانک - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ماکس پلانک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - chèc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Планк Макс - chovash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Планк Макс" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chovash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CE%BE_%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BA" title="Μαξ Πλανκ - grèc" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαξ Πλανκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3_%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9" title="ماکس پلانک - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ماکس پلانک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - feroés" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - francoprovençal" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovençal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - frisó septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisó septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - gaelic escossés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelic escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - xinès hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="xinès hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A1_%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A7" title="מקס פלאנק - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מקס פלאנק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95" title="मैक्स प्लांक - Indi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मैक्स प्लांक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Indi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - crioll d’Haití" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioll d’Haití" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - ongrés" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongrés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%BD_%D5%8A%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF" title="Մաքս Պլանկ - armèni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մաքս Պլանկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armèni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF" title="マックス・プランク - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マックス・プランク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/maks.plank" title="maks.plank - lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="maks.plank" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - javanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="მაქს პლანკი - georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მაქს პლანკი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maks_Plank" title="Maks Plank - cabil" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Maks Plank" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Макс Планк - cazac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Макс Планк" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮ್ಯಾಕ್ಸ್ ಪ್ಲಾಂಕ್ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮ್ಯಾಕ್ಸ್ ಪ್ಲಾಂಕ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%89%EC%8A%A4_%ED%94%8C%EB%9E%91%ED%81%AC" title="막스 플랑크 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="막스 플랑크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - curd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - cornic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Макс Планк - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Макс Планк" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilianus_Planck" title="Maximilianus Planck - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Maximilianus Planck" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - luxemborgés" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemborgés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makss_Planks" title="Makss Planks - leton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Makss Planks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="leton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - malgash" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Макс Планк - macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Макс Планк" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="മാക്സ് പ്ലാങ്ക് - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മാക്സ് പ്ലാങ്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Макс Планк - mongòl" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Макс Планк" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95" title="माक्स प्लांक - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="माक्स प्लांक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%95%E1%80%9C%E1%80%94%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA%E1%80%81%E1%80%BA" title="မက်စ် ပလန့်ခ် - birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မက်စ် ပလန့်ခ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9" title="پلانک - mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پلانک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95" title="म्याक्स प्लान्क - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="म्याक्स प्लान्क" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - norvegian nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegian nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Plank" title="Max Plank - Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Max Plank" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maaksi_Pilaanki" title="Maaksi Pilaanki - oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Maaksi Pilaanki" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95" title="ਮੈਕਸ ਪਲਾਂਕ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੈਕਸ ਪਲਾਂਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Karl_Ernst_Ludwig_Planck" title="Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck - piemontès" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3_%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9" title="میکس پلانک - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="میکس پلانک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3_%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9" title="ماکس پلانک - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ماکس پلانک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="articles de qualitat"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Планк, Макс - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Планк, Макс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Макс Планк - ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Макс Планк" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D" title="माक्स् प्लाङ्क् - sanscrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="माक्स् प्लाङ्क्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Планк Макс - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Планк Макс" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A5_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B8%E1%B1%A0" title="ᱢᱟᱠᱥ ᱯᱞᱟᱸᱠ - santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱟᱠᱥ ᱯᱞᱟᱸᱠ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - escossés" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%DA%AA%D8%B3_%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AA" title="ميڪس پلانڪ - sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ميڪس پلانڪ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - eslovèn" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Макс Планк - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Макс Планк" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - suedés" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma-ke-s.Pu-lang-ke" title="Ma-ke-s.Pu-lang-ke - Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Ma-ke-s.Pu-lang-ke" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D" title="மேக்ஸ் பிளாங்க் - tamol" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மேக்ஸ் பிளாங்க்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D" title="మాక్స్ ప్లాంక్ - telogó" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మాక్స్ ప్లాంక్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telogó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bons articles"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%8C" title="มัคส์ พลังค์ - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มัคส์ พลังค์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Макс Планк - tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Макс Планк" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Макс Планк - ucrainés" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Макс Планк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3_%D9%BE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9" title="میکس پلانک - ordó" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="میکس پلانک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ordó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - ozbèc" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plank_Maks" title="Plank Maks - vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Plank Maks" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - vietnamian" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - volapuc" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E6%9C%97%E5%85%8B" title="马克斯·普朗克 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马克斯·普朗克" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%98" title="მაქს პლანკი - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მაქს პლანკი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A1_%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A7" title="מאקס פלאנק - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאקס פלאנק" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E6%9C%97%E5%85%8B" title="马克斯·普朗克 - chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马克斯·普朗克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Max Planck" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E6%9C%97%E5%85%8B" title="馬克斯·普朗克 - cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬克斯·普朗克" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9021#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modificar los ligams interlenga" class="wbc-editpage">Modificar los ligams</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacis de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Veire l’article [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discutir:Max_Planck&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussion a prepaus d'aquesta pagina (la pagina non existís pas) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">occitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Afichatges"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck"><span>Legir</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck&veaction=edit" title="Modificar aquela pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck&action=edit" title="Modificar lo còdi font d'aquela pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck&action=history" title="Los autors e versions precedentas d'aquesta pagina. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Veire l'istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bóstia d'aisinas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bóstia d'aisinas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aisinas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai d'opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck"><span>Legir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck&veaction=edit" title="Modificar aquela pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck&action=edit" title="Modificar lo còdi font d'aquela pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck&action=history"><span>Veire l'istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General - Generau </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Paginas_ligadas/Max_Planck" title="Lista de las paginas ligadas a aquesta. [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Paginas connèxas</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguit_dels_ligams/Max_Planck" rel="nofollow" title="Lista dels darrièrs cambiaments de las paginas ligadas a aquesta [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Seguiment dels ligams</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=oc" title="Mandar un imatge o fichièr mèdia sul servidor [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Importar un fichièr</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck&oldid=2436480" title="Ligam permanent cap a aquesta version de la pagina"><span>Ligam permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck&action=info" title="Mai d’informacion sus aquesta pagina"><span>Informacion sus la pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=Max_Planck&id=2436480&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacions sus cossí citar aquesta pagina"><span>Citar aqueste article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Foc.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMax_Planck"><span>Obténer una URL acorchida</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Foc.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMax_Planck"><span>Telecargar lo còdi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir / exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Libre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Max+Planck"><span>Crear un libre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Max_Planck&action=show-download-screen"><span>Telecargar coma PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck&printable=yes" title="Version imprimibla d'aquesta pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Imprimir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dins d'autres projèctes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9021" title="Ligam cap a l’element de referencial de las donadas connectadas [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparéncia"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparéncia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-1000_articles_fondamentals" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Ti%C3%A8ra_de_1000_articles_que_totas_las_Wikip%C3%A8dias_deuri%C3%A1n_aver" title="Tièra de 1000 articles que totas las Wikipèdias deurián aver."><img alt="Tièra de 1000 articles que totas las Wikipèdias deurián aver." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/1000F.png/24px-1000F.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/1000F.png/36px-1000F.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/1000F.png/49px-1000F.png 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="908" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipèdia, l'enciclopèdia liura.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="oc" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2459348">.mw-parser-output .infobox{background:#f9f9f9;color:#000;font-size:90%;line-height:1.6em;float:right;clear:right;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em;width:22.5em;border:1px solid #c2c2c1;border-spacing:5px}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:super;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #c2c2c1}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}@media only screen and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #e7e7e7}}.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton button,.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton .mw-collapsible-text{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th{border:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow th{border:0;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia{border:1px solid #ccd2d9;text-align:left;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedtoprow,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedtoprow{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedrow,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedrow{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedbottomrow,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedbottomrow{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-geografia-text{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-geografia-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-geografia-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style> <table class="infobox infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color:#ceceb5">Max Planck</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R0116-504,_Max_Planck.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R0116-504%2C_Max_Planck.jpg/208px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R0116-504%2C_Max_Planck.jpg" decoding="async" width="208" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R0116-504%2C_Max_Planck.jpg/312px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R0116-504%2C_Max_Planck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R0116-504%2C_Max_Planck.jpg/416px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R0116-504%2C_Max_Planck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="798" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Naissença</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/23_d%27abril" title="23 d'abril">23 d'abril</a> de <a href="/wiki/1858" class="mw-redirect" title="1858">1858</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Mòrt</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/4_d%27octobre" title="4 d'octobre">4 d'octobre</a> de <a href="/wiki/1947" class="mw-redirect" title="1947">1947</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">País d'origina</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="padding-right: 0.5em;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_Germany.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bandièra: Alemanha"><img alt="Bandièra: Alemanha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/20px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/30px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span><a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Distincions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A8mi_Nobel_de_Fisica" title="Prèmi Nobel de Fisica">Prèmi Nobel de Fisica</a> 1918</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center"><hr /></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Signatura</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Max_Planck_signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Max_Planck_signature.svg/220px-Max_Planck_signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Max_Planck_signature.svg/330px-Max_Planck_signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Max_Planck_signature.svg/440px-Max_Planck_signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="125" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p> <span style="margin-right: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-valign-text-bottom" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A8mi_Nobel" title="Laureat Nobel"><img alt="Laureat Nobel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Gold_medal_blank.svg/15px-Gold_medal_blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Gold_medal_blank.svg/23px-Gold_medal_blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Gold_medal_blank.svg/30px-Gold_medal_blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> <b>Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck</b> (<a href="/wiki/1858" class="mw-redirect" title="1858">1858</a>–<a href="/wiki/1947" class="mw-redirect" title="1947">1947</a>) foguèt un <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisician</a> <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemand</a> creator de la <a href="/wiki/Teoria_dels_quanta" title="Teoria dels quanta">teoria dels quanta</a>. Recebèt lo <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A8mi_Nobel_de_Fisica" title="Prèmi Nobel de Fisica">Prèmi Nobel de Fisica</a> en <a href="/wiki/1918" class="mw-redirect" title="1918">1918</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modificar la seccion : Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Biografia"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nascut dins la vila alemanda de <a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a> lo <a href="/wiki/23_d%27abril" title="23 d'abril">23 d'abril</a> de <a href="/wiki/1858" class="mw-redirect" title="1858">1858</a>, Max Planck comencèt sos estudis de <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisica</a> a l'Universitat de <a href="/wiki/Munic" title="Munic">Munic</a> en <a href="/wiki/1874" class="mw-redirect" title="1874">1874</a>. Los acabèt en <a href="/wiki/1879" class="mw-redirect" title="1879">1879</a> dins la vila de <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>. Tornèt a Munic en <a href="/wiki/1880" class="mw-redirect" title="1880">1880</a> per far de professor a l'universitat e en <a href="/wiki/1885" class="mw-redirect" title="1885">1885</a> se mudèt a Kiel. En <a href="/wiki/1889" class="mw-redirect" title="1889">1889</a> tornèt a Berlin, ont tre <a href="/wiki/1892" class="mw-redirect" title="1892">1892</a> foguèt director de la catèdra de Fisica teorica. Entre <a href="/wiki/1905" class="mw-redirect" title="1905">1905</a> e <a href="/wiki/1909" class="mw-redirect" title="1909">1909</a> Planck foguèt lo cap de la <i>Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft</i> (Societat Alemanda de Fisica). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recèrcas_scientificas"><span id="Rec.C3.A8rcas_scientificas"></span>Recèrcas scientificas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modificar la seccion : Recèrcas scientificas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Recèrcas scientificas"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En <a href="/wiki/1894" class="mw-redirect" title="1894">1894</a> entamenèt sas recèrcas scientificas a l'entorn de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radiacion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radiacion (la pagina existís pas)">radiacion</a> del <a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B2s_negre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Còs negre (la pagina existís pas)">còs negre</a>. Capitèt d'èsser emplegat per de companhiás electricas per tal de melhorar lo foncionament de l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ampola_electrica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ampola electrica (la pagina existís pas)">ampola electrica</a> e obtenir mai de <a href="/wiki/Lutz" title="Lutz">lutz</a> e una consomacion mendra d'energia. En <a href="/wiki/1899" class="mw-redirect" title="1899">1899</a> descobriguèt una constanta fondamentala, la dicha <a href="/wiki/Constanta_de_Planck" title="Constanta de Planck">Constanta de Planck</a>, qu'amb ela se pòt calcular l'<a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">energia</a> d'un <a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">foton</a>. Aquesta meteissa annada descriguèt son pròpri grop d'unitats de mesura basadas sus las constantas fisicas fondamentalas, descobrissent un an mai tard la lei de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radiacion_de_la_calor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radiacion de la calor (la pagina existís pas)">radiacion de la calor</a>, nomenada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lei_de_Planck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lei de Planck (la pagina existís pas)">Lei de Planck</a>, que explica l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Esp%C3%A8ctre_d%27emission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Espèctre d'emission (la pagina existís pas)">espèctre d'emission</a> d'un còs negre. Aquela lei venguèt una de las basas de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teoria_quantica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teoria quantica (la pagina existís pas)">teoria quantica</a>, qu'emergiguèt qualques annadas mai tard amb la collaboracion d'<a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> e <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relacion_amb_Albert_Einstein">Relacion amb Albert Einstein</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modificar la seccion : Relacion amb Albert Einstein" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Relacion amb Albert Einstein"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:1911_Solvay_conference.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/1911_Solvay_conference.jpg/250px-1911_Solvay_conference.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/1911_Solvay_conference.jpg/375px-1911_Solvay_conference.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/1911_Solvay_conference.jpg/500px-1911_Solvay_conference.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1362" /></a><figcaption>Primièra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Confer%C3%A9ncia_Solvay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conferéncia Solvay (la pagina existís pas)">Conferéncia Solvay</a> en <a href="/wiki/1911" class="mw-redirect" title="1911">1911</a>. Max Planck es situat, dins lo reng posterior, segond en començar per l'esquèrra</figcaption></figure> <p>Foguèt en <a href="/wiki/1905" class="mw-redirect" title="1905">1905</a> que se publiquèron los primièrs estudis del desconegut <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> a l'entorn de la <a href="/wiki/Teoria_de_la_relativitat" title="Teoria de la relativitat">teoria de la relativitat</a>. Planck foguèt uns dels escasses scientifics que encapèron immediatament la significacion d'aquesta teoria scientifica nòva. </p><p>Planck contribuiguèt tanben considerablament a desvolopar mai la teoria de la relativitat. L'ipotèsi d'Einstein a prepaus de la leugieretat del <a href="/wiki/Quantum" title="Quantum">quantum</a> (lo <a href="/wiki/Foton" title="Foton">foton</a>), basada sus la descobèrta de <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Lenard" class="mw-redirect" title="Philipp Lenard">Philipp Lenard</a> en <a href="/wiki/1902" class="mw-redirect" title="1902">1902</a> sus l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Efi%C3%A8ch_fotoelectric&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Efièch fotoelectric (la pagina existís pas)">efièch fotoelectric</a>, foguèt rebutada a la debuta per Planck, coma tanben la teoria de <a href="/wiki/James_Clerk_Maxwell" title="James Clerk Maxwell">James Clerk Maxwell</a> sus l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Electrodinamica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electrodinamica (la pagina existís pas)">electrodinamica</a>. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/1910" class="mw-redirect" title="1910">1910</a> Einstein precisèt lo comportament anormal de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calor_especifica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calor especifica (la pagina existís pas)">calor especifica</a> a de temperaturas bassas coma un autre exemple d'un fenomèn que desfisa l'explicacion de la fisica classica. Planck e <a href="/wiki/Walther_Nernst" class="mw-redirect" title="Walther Nernst">Walther Nernst</a> per tal de clarificar las contradiccions que se vesián dins la <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">fisica</a> organizèron la primièra <a href="/w/index.php?title=Confer%C3%A9ncia_Solvay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conferéncia Solvay (la pagina existís pas)">Conferéncia Solvay</a>, que se debanèt a <a href="/wiki/Bruss%C3%A8las" title="Brussèlas">Brussèlas</a> en <a href="/wiki/1911" class="mw-redirect" title="1911">1911</a>. Pendent aquesta reünion Einstein capitèt de convéncer Planck sus sas recèrcas e sos dobtes. Foguèt a partir d'aquel temps que se bastiguèt una granda amistat entre Planck e Einstein. Aqueste darrièr venguèt professor de fisica a l'universitat de Berlin mentre que Planck n'èra lo degan. </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/1918" class="mw-redirect" title="1918">1918</a> recebèt lo <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A8mi_Nobel_de_Fisica" title="Prèmi Nobel de Fisica">Prèmi Nobel de Fisica</a> <i>pel ròtle jogat dins lo progrès de la fisica amb la descobèrta de la teoria quantica</i>. Dempuèi <a href="/wiki/1930" class="mw-redirect" title="1930">1930</a>, e fins a <a href="/wiki/1937" class="mw-redirect" title="1937">1937</a>, Planck foguèt cap de la <i>Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften</i> (KWG, Societat de l'Emperador Guillem per lo Progrès de la Sciéncia). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Darrièras_annadas"><span id="Darri.C3.A8ras_annadas"></span>Darrièras annadas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modificar la seccion : Darrièras annadas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Darrièras annadas"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Durant la <a href="/wiki/Segonda_Gu%C3%A8rra_Mondiala" title="Segonda Guèrra Mondiala">Segonda Guèrra Mondiala</a> Planck ensagèt de convéncer <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> que secutèsse pas los <a href="/wiki/Scientific" title="Scientific">scientifics</a> <a href="/wiki/Jusieus" title="Jusieus">jusieus</a>. Erwin Planck, tresen filh de Max Planck, foguèt executat per nauta traïson lo <a href="/wiki/20_de_julhet" title="20 de julhet">20 de julhet</a> de <a href="/wiki/1944" class="mw-redirect" title="1944">1944</a> per sa suposada collaboracion dins la temptativa d'assassinat d'Hitler. Per encausa de sa decepcion del <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tercer_Reich&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tercer Reich (la pagina existís pas)">regim nazi</a> e la casuda constanta de bombas sus <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, sa vila de residéncia, partiguèt amb sa familha cap a <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6ttingen" title="Göttingen">Göttingen</a>. </p><p>Max Planck moriguèt lo <a href="/wiki/4_d%27octobre" title="4 d'octobre">4 d'octobre</a> de <a href="/wiki/1947" class="mw-redirect" title="1947">1947</a> dins la vila de Göttingen. Aprèp sa mort la KWG cambièt son nom e venguèt la <i>Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften</i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=MPG&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MPG (la pagina existís pas)">MPG</a>, Societat o Institut de Planck pel desvolopament de la sciéncia). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Articles_connèxes"><span id="Articles_conn.C3.A8xes"></span>Articles connèxes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modificar la seccion : Articles connèxes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Articles connèxes"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quantum" title="Quantum">quanta</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liames_extèrnes"><span id="Liames_ext.C3.A8rnes"></span>Liames extèrnes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modificar la seccion : Liames extèrnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Liames extèrnes"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="En alemand">(<abbr title="">de</abbr>)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deutsche-biographie.de/sfz10761.html#indexcontent">Max Planck</a> (Deutsche Biographie)</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" data-autocollapse-group="paleta" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand nowrap tnavbar" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:#000000;"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8l:Pr%C3%A8mi_Nobel_de_Fisica" class="mw-redirect" title="Modèl:Prèmi Nobel de Fisica"><abbr class="abbr" title="Veire aqueste modèl.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8l:Pr%C3%A8mi_Nobel_de_Fisica&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modificar aqueste modèl. Mercé de previsualizar abans de salvar.">m</abbr></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%">Laureats del <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A8mi_Nobel_de_Fisica" title="Prèmi Nobel de Fisica">Prèmi Nobel</a> de <a href="/wiki/Fisica" title="Fisica">Fisica</a></span></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:center;" colspan="2">- <p>1901: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Conrad_R%C3%B6ntgen" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen">Röntgen</a> 02: <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Antoon Lorentz">Lorentz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Zeeman</a> 03: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Becquerel" title="Henri Becquerel">Becquerel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">P.Curie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">M.Curie</a> 04: <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt_Rayleigh" title="John William Strutt Rayleigh">Rayleigh</a> 05: <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Eduard_Anton_von_Lenard" title="Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard">P. Lenard</a> 06: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">Thomson</a> 07: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson">Michelson</a> 08: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann">Lippmann</a> 09: <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Marconi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ferdinand_Braun" title="Karl Ferdinand Braun">Braun</a> 10: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">van der Waals</a> 11: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wien</a> 12: <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n" title="Gustaf Dalén">Dalén</a> 13: <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Kamerlingh Onnes</a> 14: <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">von Laue</a> 15: <a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">W.L.Bragg</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">W.H.Bragg</a> 17: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Barkla</a> 18: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Planck</a> 19: <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stark" title="Johannes Stark">Stark</a> 20: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Edouard_Guillaume" title="Charles Edouard Guillaume">Guillaume</a> 21: <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a> 22: <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">N.Bohr</a> 23: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Millikan</a> 24: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Manne_Georg_Siegbahn" title="Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn">Siegbahn</a> 25: <a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">Franck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Hertz" title="Gustav Hertz">Hertz</a> 26: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin">Perrin</a> 27: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Holly_Compton" title="Arthur Holly Compton">Compton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">Wilson</a> 28: <a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">Richardson</a> 29: <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">de Broglie</a> 30: <a href="/wiki/Venkata_Raman" title="Venkata Raman">Raman</a> 32: <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Heisenberg</a> 33: <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Schrödinger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_A.M._Dirac" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul A.M. Dirac">Dirac</a> 35: <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">Chadwick</a> 36: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Francis_Hess" title="Victor Francis Hess">Hess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">Anderson</a> 37: <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Joseph_Davisson" title="Clinton Joseph Davisson">Davisson</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Paget_Thomson" title="George Paget Thomson">Thomson</a> 38: <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a> 39: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Lawrence</a> 43: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Stern" title="Otto Stern">Stern</a> 44: <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Rabi</a> 45: <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ernst_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Ernst Pauli">Pauli</a> 46: <a href="/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman">Bridgman</a> 47: <a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Appleton</a> 48: <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Blackett" title="Patrick Blackett">Blackett</a> 49: <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa" title="Hideki Yukawa">Yukawa</a> 50: <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Frank_Powell" title="Cecil Frank Powell">Powell</a> 51: <a href="/wiki/John_Cockcroft" title="John Cockcroft">Cockcroft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Thomas_Sinton_Walton" title="Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton">Walton</a> 52: <a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Bloch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Purcell</a> 53: <a href="/wiki/Frits_Zernike" title="Frits Zernike">Zernike</a> 54: <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Born</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Bothe</a> 55: <a href="/wiki/Willis_E._Lamb" title="Willis E. Lamb">Lamb</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polykarp_Kusch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polykarp Kusch (la pagina existís pas)">Kusch</a> 56: <a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" title="William Shockley">Shockley</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_H._Brattain" title="Walter H. Brattain">Brattain</a> 57: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chen_Ning_Yang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chen Ning Yang (la pagina existís pas)">Yang</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsung-Dao_Lee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsung-Dao Lee (la pagina existís pas)">T.D.Lee</a> 58: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pavel_A._Cherenkov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pavel A. Cherenkov (la pagina existís pas)">Cherenkov</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Il%C2%B4ja_M._Frank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Il´ja M. Frank (la pagina existís pas)">Frank</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Igor_Y._Tamm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Igor Y. Tamm (la pagina existís pas)">Tamm</a> 59: <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Gino_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Gino Segrè">Segrè</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Owen_Chamberlain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Owen Chamberlain (la pagina existís pas)">Chamberlain</a> 60: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_A._Glaser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald A. Glaser (la pagina existís pas)">Glaser</a> 61: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Hofstadter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Hofstadter (la pagina existís pas)">Hofstadter</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_M%C3%B6ssbauer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Mössbauer (la pagina existís pas)">Mössbauer</a> 62: <a href="/wiki/Lev_Davidovich_Landau" title="Lev Davidovich Landau">Landau</a> 63: <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Wigner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer">Goeppert‑Mayer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Daniel_Jensen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Daniel Jensen (la pagina existís pas)">Jensen</a> 64: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_H._Townes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles H. Townes (la pagina existís pas)">Townes</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolay_G._Basov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolay G. Basov (la pagina existís pas)">Basov</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aleksandr_M._Prokhorov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aleksandr M. Prokhorov (la pagina existís pas)">Prokhorov</a> 65: <a href="/wiki/Sin-Itiro_Tomonaga" title="Sin-Itiro Tomonaga">Tomonaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Schwinger</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Phillips_Feynman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Phillips Feynman (la pagina existís pas)">Feynman</a> 66: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Kastler</a> 67: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Albrecht_Bethe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Albrecht Bethe (la pagina existís pas)">Bethe</a> 68: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Walter_%C3%81lvarez" title="Luis Walter Álvarez">Álvarez</a> 69: <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Gell-Mann</a> 70: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hannes Alfvén (la pagina existís pas)">Alfvén</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_N%C3%A9el&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Néel (la pagina existís pas)">Néel</a> 71: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dennis_Gabor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dennis Gabor (la pagina existís pas)">Gabor</a> 72: <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon_Neil_Cooper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leon Neil Cooper (la pagina existís pas)">Cooper</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Schrieffer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Schrieffer (la pagina existís pas)">Schrieffer</a> 73: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Esaki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leo Esaki (la pagina existís pas)">Esaki</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivar_Giaever&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivar Giaever (la pagina existís pas)">Giaever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson">Josephson</a> 74: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Ryle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Ryle (la pagina existís pas)">Ryle</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antony_Hewish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antony Hewish (la pagina existís pas)">Hewish</a> 75: <a href="/wiki/Aage_Niels_Bohr" title="Aage Niels Bohr">A.Bohr</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ben_R._Mottelson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ben R. Mottelson (la pagina existís pas)">Mottelson</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Rainwater&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Rainwater (la pagina existís pas)">Rainwater</a> 76: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Burton_Richter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burton Richter (la pagina existís pas)">Richter</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_C.C._Ting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel C.C. Ting (la pagina existís pas)">Ting</a> 77: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_W._Anderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip W. Anderson (la pagina existís pas)">Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">N. Mott</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_H._van_Vleck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John H. van Vleck (la pagina existís pas)">van Vleck</a> 78: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyotr_Kapitsa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyotr Kapitsa (la pagina existís pas)">Kapitsa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arno_Penzias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arno Penzias (la pagina existís pas)">Penzias</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Woodrow_Wilson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson (la pagina existís pas)">Wilson</a> 79: <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Lee_Glashow" title="Sheldon Lee Glashow">Glashow</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdus_Salam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdus Salam (la pagina existís pas)">Salam</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_Weinberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steven Weinberg (la pagina existís pas)">Weinberg</a> 80: <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Cronin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Cronin (la pagina existís pas)">Cronin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Val_Fitch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Val Fitch (la pagina existís pas)">Fitch</a> 81: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolaas_Bloembergen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen (la pagina existís pas)">Bloembergen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Leonard_Schawlow" title="Arthur Leonard Schawlow">Schawlow</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kai_Manne_B%C3%B6rje_Siegbahn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kai Manne Börje Siegbahn (la pagina existís pas)">Siegbahn</a> 82: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_Geddes_Wilson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenneth Geddes Wilson (la pagina existís pas)">Wilson</a> 83: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Subramanyan_Chandrasekhar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Subramanyan Chandrasekhar (la pagina existís pas)">Chandrasekhar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_A._Fowler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William A. Fowler (la pagina existís pas)">Fowler</a> 84: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlo_Rubbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlo Rubbia (la pagina existís pas)">Carlo Rubbia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_van_der_Meer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simon van der Meer (la pagina existís pas)">van der Meer</a> 85: <a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">von Klitzing</a> 86: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ruska</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerd_Binnig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerd Binnig (la pagina existís pas)">Binnig</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Rohrer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heinrich Rohrer (la pagina existís pas)">Rohrer</a> 87: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Georg_Bednorz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johannes Georg Bednorz (la pagina existís pas)">Bednorz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Alexander_M%C3%BCller" title="Karl Alexander Müller">Müller</a> 88: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon_M._Lederman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leon M. Lederman (la pagina existís pas)">Lederman</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Melvin_Schwartz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melvin Schwartz (la pagina existís pas)">Schwartz</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Steinberger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack Steinberger (la pagina existís pas)">Steinberger</a> 89: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_F._Ramsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norman F. Ramsey (la pagina existís pas)">Ramsey</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_G._Dehmelt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans G. Dehmelt (la pagina existís pas)">Dehmelt</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Paul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolfgang Paul (la pagina existís pas)">Paul</a> 90: <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">J.Friedman</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Way_Kendall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Way Kendall (la pagina existís pas)">Kendall</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_E._Taylor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard E. Taylor (la pagina existís pas)">Taylor</a> 91: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (la pagina existís pas)">de Gennes</a> 92: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges_Charpak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges Charpak (la pagina existís pas)">Charpak</a> 93: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Russell_A._Hulse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russell A. Hulse (la pagina existís pas)">Hulse</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_H._Taylor_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph H. Taylor Jr. (la pagina existís pas)">Taylor</a> 94: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertram_N._Brockhouse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bertram N. Brockhouse (la pagina existís pas)">Brockhouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Glenwood_Shull" title="Clifford Glenwood Shull">Shull</a> 95: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_L._Perl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin L. Perl (la pagina existís pas)">Perl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Reines</a> 96: <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Morris_Lee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Morris Lee (la pagina existís pas)">D.Lee</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Douglas_D._Osheroff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Douglas D. Osheroff (la pagina existís pas)">Osheroff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Coleman_Richardson" title="Robert Coleman Richardson">Richardson</a> 97: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Steven_Chu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steven Chu (la pagina existís pas)">Chu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji (la pagina existís pas)">Cohen‑Tannoudji</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_D._Phillips&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William D. Phillips (la pagina existís pas)">Phillips</a> 98: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_B._Laughlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert B. Laughlin (la pagina existís pas)">Laughlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Ludwig Störmer">Störmer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_C._Tsui&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel C. Tsui (la pagina existís pas)">Tsui</a> 99: <a href="/wiki/Gerardus_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerardus 't Hooft">'t Hooft</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martinus_J.G._Veltman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martinus J.G. Veltman (la pagina existís pas)">Veltman</a> 2000: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhores_I._Alferov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhores I. Alferov (la pagina existís pas)">Alferov</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Kroemer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Herbert Kroemer (la pagina existís pas)">Kroemer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_S._Kilby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jack S. Kilby (la pagina existís pas)">Kilby</a> 2001: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_A._Cornell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric A. Cornell (la pagina existís pas)">Cornell</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolfgang_Ketterle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolfgang Ketterle (la pagina existís pas)">Ketterle</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_E._Wieman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl E. Wieman (la pagina existís pas)">Wieman</a> 2002: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_Davis_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond Davis Jr. (la pagina existís pas)">Davis</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masatoshi_Koshiba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masatoshi Koshiba (la pagina existís pas)">Koshiba</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Riccardo_Giacconi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Riccardo Giacconi (la pagina existís pas)">Giacconi</a> 2003: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexei_A._Abrikosov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexei A. Abrikosov (la pagina existís pas)">Abrikosov</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitaly_L._Ginzburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitaly L. Ginzburg (la pagina existís pas)">Ginzburg</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_J._Leggett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthony J. Leggett (la pagina existís pas)">Leggett</a> 2004: <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_J._Gross&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David J. Gross (la pagina existís pas)">Gross</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=H._David_Politzer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="H. David Politzer (la pagina existís pas)">Politzer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Wilczek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Wilczek (la pagina existís pas)">Wilczek</a> 2005: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_J._Glauber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roy J. Glauber (la pagina existís pas)">Glauber</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_L._Hall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John L. Hall (la pagina existís pas)">Hall</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodor_W._H%C3%A4nsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodor W. Hänsch (la pagina existís pas)">Hänsch</a> 2006: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_C._Mather&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John C. Mather (la pagina existís pas)">Mather</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_F._Smoot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George F. Smoot (la pagina existís pas)">Smoot</a> 2007: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Andreas_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Andreas Grünberg">Grünberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Fert</a> 2008: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoichiro_Nambu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yoichiro Nambu (la pagina existís pas)">Nambu</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Makoto_Kobayashi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Makoto Kobayashi (la pagina existís pas)">Kobayashi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Toshihide_Maskawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Toshihide Maskawa (la pagina existís pas)">Maskawa</a> 2009: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_K._Kao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles K. Kao (la pagina existís pas)">Kao</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Willard_Boyle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Willard Boyle (la pagina existís pas)">Boyle</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_E._Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George E. Smith (la pagina existís pas)">Smith</a> 2010: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andre_Geim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andre Geim (la pagina existís pas)">Geim</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konstantin_Novoselov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konstantin Novoselov (la pagina existís pas)">Novoselov</a> 2011: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saul_Perlmutter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saul Perlmutter (la pagina existís pas)">Perlmutter</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_P._Schmidt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brian P. Schmidt (la pagina existís pas)">Schmidt</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_G._Riess&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adam G. Riess (la pagina existís pas)">Riess</a> 2012: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Serge_Haroche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Serge Haroche (la pagina existís pas)">Haroche</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_J._Wineland" title="David J. Wineland">Wineland</a> 2013: <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">Englert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Higgs</a> 2014: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isamu_Akasaki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isamu Akasaki (la pagina existís pas)">Akasaki</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiroshi_Amano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiroshi Amano (la pagina existís pas)">Amano</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shuji_Nakamura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shuji Nakamura (la pagina existís pas)">Nakamura</a> 2015: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Takaaki_Kajita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Takaaki Kajita (la pagina existís pas)">Kajita</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_B._McDonald&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur B. McDonald (la pagina existís pas)">McDonald</a> 2016: <a href="/wiki/David_J._Thouless" title="David J. Thouless">Thouless</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duncan_Haldane" title="Duncan Haldane">Haldane</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_M._Kosterlitz" title="John M. Kosterlitz">Kosterlitz</a> 2017: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rainer_Weiss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rainer Weiss (la pagina existís pas)">Weiss</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barry_Barish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barry Barish (la pagina existís pas)">Barish</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kip_Thorne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kip Thorne (la pagina existís pas)">Thorne</a> 2018: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Ashkin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Ashkin (la pagina existís pas)">Ashkin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A9rard_Mourou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gérard Mourou (la pagina existís pas)">Mourou</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donna_Strickland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donna Strickland (la pagina existís pas)">Strickland</a> 2019: <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Peebles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Peebles (la pagina existís pas)">Peebles</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Mayor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Mayor (la pagina existís pas)">Mayor</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Didier_Queloz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Didier Queloz (la pagina existís pas)">Queloz</a> </p> 2020: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Penrose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Penrose (la pagina existís pas)">Penrose</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reinhard_Genzel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reinhard Genzel (la pagina existís pas)">Genzel</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrea_Ghez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrea Ghez (la pagina existís pas)">Ghez</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Recuperada de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck&oldid=2436480">https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck&oldid=2436480</a> »</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categorias de la pagina</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P%C3%A0gines_amb_mides_d%27imatge_que_contenen_px_addicionals" title="Categoria:Pàgines amb mides d'imatge que contenen px addicionals">Pàgines amb mides d'imatge que contenen px addicionals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Naissen%C3%A7a_en_1858" title="Categoria:Naissença en 1858">Naissença en 1858</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Dec%C3%A8s_en_1947" title="Categoria:Decès en 1947">Decès en 1947</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Fisician_alemand" title="Categoria:Fisician alemand">Fisician alemand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Laureat_del_Pr%C3%A8mi_Nobel_de_Fisica" title="Categoria:Laureat del Prèmi Nobel de Fisica">Laureat del Prèmi Nobel de Fisica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Pr%C3%A8mi_Nobel_alemand" title="Categoria:Prèmi Nobel alemand">Prèmi Nobel alemand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Personalitat_de_l%27optica" title="Categoria:Personalitat de l'optica">Personalitat de l'optica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Recipiendari_de_la_Medalha_Copley" title="Categoria:Recipiendari de la Medalha Copley">Recipiendari de la Medalha Copley</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Naissen%C3%A7a_en_Alemanha" title="Categoria:Naissença en Alemanha">Naissença en Alemanha</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categoria amagada : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Paginas_utilizant_d%27arguments_duplicats_dins_los_ap%C3%A8ls_de_mod%C3%A8l" title="Categoria:Paginas utilizant d'arguments duplicats dins los apèls de modèl">Paginas utilizant d'arguments duplicats dins los apèls de modèl</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Aquela pagina es estada modificada pel darrièr còp lo 24 abril de 2024 a 21.42.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Drech_d%27autor" title="Wikipèdia:Drech d'autor">Drech d'autor</a> : Los tèxtes son disponibles jos <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licéncia Creative Commons paternitat pertatge a l’identic</a> ; d’autras condicions se pòdon aplicar. Vejatz las <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">condicions d’utilizacion</a> per mai de detalhs, e mai los credits grafics.<br /> Wikipedia® es una marca depausada de la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, organizacion de benfasença regida pel paragraf 501(c)(3) del còde fiscal dels Estats Units.</span><br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/fr">Politica de confidencialitat</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Avertiments_generals">Avertiments</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Còdi de conducta</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Desvolopaires</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/oc.wikipedia.org">Estatisticas</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Declaracion suls cookies</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//oc.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Max_Planck&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Afichatge mobil</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Recercar</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Recercar sus Wikipèdia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Recèrca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Recercar</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Max Planck</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>146 lengas</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Apondre un subjècte</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-66c7bc9456-bbv5t","wgBackendResponseTime":163,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.196","walltime":"0.553","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4066,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":44098,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":17855,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":2306,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 181.307 1 -total"," 65.53% 118.808 1 Modèl:Infobox_Identitat"," 64.17% 116.338 1 Modèl:Infotaula"," 48.98% 88.812 1 Modèl:Infotaula/core"," 15.29% 27.729 1 Modèl:Prèmi_Nobel_de_Fisica"," 11.55% 20.932 1 Modèl:De"," 10.53% 19.090 1 Modèl:Indicacion_de_lenga"," 10.44% 18.927 1 Modèl:Metapaleta_de_navigacion"," 5.21% 9.447 1 Modèl:1000_fondamentals"," 4.03% 7.315 1 Modèl:Icòna_de_títol"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.021","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1363796,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-fcc64bff8-5wk6g","timestamp":"20250312202331","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Max Planck","url":"https:\/\/oc.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Max_Planck","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q9021","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q9021","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributeurs aux projets Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Fondation Wikimedia, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-09-09T22:48:40Z","dateModified":"2024-04-24T21:42:00Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/fc\/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R0116-504%2C_Max_Planck.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>