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<main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Malaisie</h1> <div class="tagline"> pays d'Asie du Sud-Est </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Langue" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Langue </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" 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<script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Homonymie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Confusion_colour.svg/20px-Confusion_colour.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Confusion_colour.svg/30px-Confusion_colour.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Confusion_colour.svg/40px-Confusion_colour.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200"></a> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> Ne doit pas être confondu avec <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mal%C3%A9sie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malésie">Malésie</a> ou <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Insulinde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Insulinde">Insulinde</a>. </div> </div> La Malaisie (en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisien_(langue)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malaisien (langue)">malaisien</a> : Malaysia) est un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="État">État</a> d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asie_du_Sud-Est?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asie du Sud-Est">Asie du Sud-Est</a>, constitué de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie_p%C3%A9ninsulaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malaisie péninsulaire">Malaisie péninsulaire</a> ou Malaisie occidentale (majeure partie de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9ninsule_Malaise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Péninsule Malaise">péninsule Malaise</a>) et de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie_orientale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malaisie orientale">Malaisie orientale</a> (nord de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Born%C3%A9o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bornéo">Bornéo</a>). L'appellation en forme longue fédération de Malaisie (en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisien_(langue)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malaisien (langue)">malaisien</a> : Persekutuan Malaysia), parfois utilisée pour désigner l'État malaisien, n'est pas officielle pour les autorités de Malaisie<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10">[10]</a> et désigne aussi l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_de_Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fédération de Malaisie">ancienne forme de l'État</a> de 1948 à 1963. La Malaisie est située à environ 200 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> au nord de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89quateur_terrestre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Équateur terrestre">équateur</a>. Sa capitale historique est <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>, sa capitale administrative est <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Putrajaya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Putrajaya">Putrajaya</a>, et sa superficie est de 330 803 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre carré">km2</abbr>. Elle abrite une jungle millénaire. <div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive" style="width:23em"> <div class="entete" style="background-color: #e3e3e3;"> <div> Malaisie <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : malaisien">(zsm)</abbr> Malaysia </div> </div> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="1" align="center"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Malaysia.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau"><img alt="Drapeau" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/110px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/165px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/220px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Drapeau_de_la_Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Drapeau de la Malaisie">Drapeau de la Malaisie</a> </td> <td colspan="1" align="center"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Blason"><img alt="Blason" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/88px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="88" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/132px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg/176px-Coat_of_arms_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768"></a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armoiries_de_la_Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armoiries de la Malaisie">Armoiries de la Malaisie</a> </td> </tr> <tr class="mw-empty-elt"></tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption class="hidden" style=""> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_devises_nationales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des devises nationales">Devise</a></th> <td>en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisien_(langue)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malaisien (langue)">malaisien</a> : Bersekutu Bertambah Mutu (« L'unité est la force »)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hymne_national?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hymne national">Hymne</a></th> <td>en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisien_(langue)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malaisien (langue)">malaisien</a> : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Negaraku?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Negaraku">Negaraku</a> (« Mon pays ») <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="130" style="width:130px;" data-durationhint="59" data-mwtitle="Negaraku_instrumental.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fichier:Negaraku_instrumental.ogg"> <source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Negaraku_instrumental.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ee/Negaraku_instrumental.ogg/Negaraku_instrumental.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANegaraku_instrumental.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANegaraku_instrumental.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANegaraku_instrumental.ogg&lang=fa&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fa" label="فارسی ‪(fa)‬" data-dir="rtl"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANegaraku_instrumental.ogg&lang=id&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANegaraku_instrumental.ogg&lang=ja&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ja" label="日本語 ‪(ja)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANegaraku_instrumental.ogg&lang=ko&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANegaraku_instrumental.ogg&lang=ms&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ms" label="Bahasa Melayu ‪(ms)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANegaraku_instrumental.ogg&lang=nl&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="nl" label="Nederlands ‪(nl)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANegaraku_instrumental.ogg&lang=pt&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANegaraku_instrumental.ogg&lang=ru&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ru" label="русский ‪(ru)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANegaraku_instrumental.ogg&lang=sr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sr" label="српски / srpski ‪(sr)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANegaraku_instrumental.ogg&lang=ta&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ta" label="தமிழ் ‪(ta)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANegaraku_instrumental.ogg&lang=th&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="th" label="ไทย ‪(th)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANegaraku_instrumental.ogg&lang=uk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uk" label="українська ‪(uk)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANegaraku_instrumental.ogg&lang=vi&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANegaraku_instrumental.ogg&lang=zh-my&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans-MY" label="中文（马来西亚） ‪(zh-my)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANegaraku_instrumental.ogg&lang=zh-tw&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-TW" label="中文（臺灣） ‪(zh-tw)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ANegaraku_instrumental.ogg&lang=zh&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh" label="中文 ‪(zh)‬" data-dir="ltr"> </audio> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%AAte_nationale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fête nationale">Fête nationale</a></th> <td><time class="nowrap" datetime="08-31" data-sort-value="08-31">31 août</time></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;">· Événement commémoré</th> <td> <div style="font-size:85%;"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Histoire_de_la_Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_rupture_de_la_Seconde_Guerre_mondiale_et_la_gen%C3%A8se_de_la_Malaisie" title="Histoire de la Malaisie">Indépendance</a> vis-à-vis du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</a> (<time>1957</time>) </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="hr" style="background-color:#e3e3e3; height:1px;"></div> <div class="images"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Fichier:Malaysia_(orthographic_projection).svg&lang=fr&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de l'image Malaysia (orthographic projection).svg." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Malaysia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/langfr-220px-Malaysia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Malaysia_%2528orthographic_projection%2529.svg/langfr-330px-Malaysia_%2528orthographic_projection%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Malaysia_%2528orthographic_projection%2529.svg/langfr-440px-Malaysia_%2528orthographic_projection%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="551"></a> </div> <div class="hr" style="background-color:#e3e3e3; height:1px;"></div> <div class="images"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Malaisie_carte.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Malaisie_carte.png/220px-Malaisie_carte.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Malaisie_carte.png/330px-Malaisie_carte.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Malaisie_carte.png/440px-Malaisie_carte.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="316"></a> </div> <div class="legend"> La Malaisie : péninsule malaise et Malaisie orientale </div> <table> <caption style="background-color:#e3e3e3;"> Administration </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;">Forme de l'État</th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monarchie_constitutionnelle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monarchie constitutionnelle">Monarchie constitutionnelle</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monarchie_%C3%A9lective?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monarchie élective">élective</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tat_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="État fédéral">fédérale</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roi_de_Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roi de Malaisie">Roi</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ibrahim_Ismail_(roi_de_Malaisie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ibrahim Ismail (roi de Malaisie)">Ibrahim Ismail</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_Premiers_ministres_malaisiens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des Premiers ministres malaisiens">Premier ministre</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parlement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parlement">Parlement</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parlement_de_Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parlement de Malaisie">Parlement</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chambre_haute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chambre haute">Chambre haute</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chambre_basse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chambre basse">Chambre basse</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dewan_Negara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dewan Negara">Dewan Negara</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dewan Rakyat">Dewan Rakyat</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Langue_officielle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Langue officielle">Langues officielles</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malais_(langue)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malais (langue)">Malais</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_capitales_du_monde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des capitales du monde">Capitale</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>3° 05' N, 101° 40' E</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption style="background-color:#e3e3e3;"> Géographie </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_villes_de_Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des villes de Malaisie">Plus grande ville</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;">Superficie totale</th> <td>330 803 <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kilom%C3%A8tre_carr%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kilomètre carré">km2</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_pays_et_territoires_par_superficie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des pays et territoires par superficie">classé <abbr class="abbr" title="Soixante-septième">67e</abbr></a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;">Superficie en eau</th> <td>0,3 %</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fuseau_horaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fuseau horaire">Fuseau horaire</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Temps_universel_coordonn%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Temps universel coordonné">UTC</a> +8</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption style="background-color:#e3e3e3;"> Histoire </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"></th> <td> <ul> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> </ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ind%C3%A9pendance_(politique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indépendance (politique)">Indépendance</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_(3-5).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau du Royaume-Uni"><img alt="Drapeau du Royaume-Uni" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%283-5%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%25283-5%2529.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%25283-5%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%25283-5%2529.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%25283-5%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni">Royaume-Uni</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;">Royaume établi en</th> <td><time class="nowrap" datetime="1957-08-31" data-sort-value="1957-08-31">31 août 1957</time> (67 ans)<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-am002-1">[1]</a> Fédération (avec <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sabah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sabah">Sabah</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sarawak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Singapour?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Singapour">Singapour</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2">[2]</a>) <time class="nowrap" datetime="1963-09-16" data-sort-value="1963-09-16">16 septembre 1963</time><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-am001-3">[3]</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption style="background-color:#e3e3e3;"> Démographie </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gentil%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gentilé">Gentilé</a></th> <td>Malaisien, Malaisienne</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_pays_par_population?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des pays par population">Population totale</a> (2020<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cia-4">[4]</a>)</th> <td>32 652 083 <abbr class="abbr" title="habitant"><abbr class="abbr" title="habitants">hab.</abbr></abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_pays_par_population?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des pays par population">classé <abbr class="abbr" title="Quarante-deuxième">42e</abbr></a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Densit%C3%A9_de_population?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Densité de population">Densité</a></th> <td>99 hab./km2</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption style="background-color:#e3e3e3;"> Économie </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Produit_int%C3%A9rieur_brut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Produit intérieur brut">PIB nominal</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2022?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2022">2022</a>)</th> <td><img alt="en augmentation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> 439,373 milliards de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dollar_am%C3%A9ricain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dollar américain">$</a> + 17,87 %<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-fmi-5">[5]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Produit_int%C3%A9rieur_brut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Produit intérieur brut">PIB</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parit%C3%A9_de_pouvoir_d%27achat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parité de pouvoir d'achat">(PPA)</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2022?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2022">2022</a>)</th> <td><img alt="en augmentation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> 1 089,499 milliards de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dollar_am%C3%A9ricain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dollar américain">$</a> + 12,23 %<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-fmi-5">[5]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Produit_int%C3%A9rieur_brut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Produit intérieur brut">PIB nominal</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Produit_int%C3%A9rieur_brut_par_habitant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Produit intérieur brut par habitant">par hab.</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2022?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2022">2022</a>)</th> <td><img alt="en augmentation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> 13 268,339 <abbr class="abbr" title="dollar"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dollar_am%C3%A9ricain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dollar américain">$</a></abbr> + 16,39 %<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FMI-6">[6]</a> (<abbr class="abbr" title="Soixante-cinquième">65e</abbr>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Produit_int%C3%A9rieur_brut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Produit intérieur brut">PIB</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parit%C3%A9_de_pouvoir_d%27achat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parité de pouvoir d'achat">(PPA)</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Produit_int%C3%A9rieur_brut_par_habitant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Produit intérieur brut par habitant">par hab.</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2022?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2022">2022</a>)</th> <td><img alt="en augmentation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> 32 901,066 <abbr class="abbr" title="dollar"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dollar_am%C3%A9ricain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dollar américain">$</a></abbr> + 10,82 %<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FMI-6">[6]</a> (<abbr class="abbr" title="Quarante-neuvième">49e</abbr>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taux_de_ch%C3%B4mage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taux de chômage">Taux de chômage</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2022?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2022">2022</a>)</th> <td><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/10px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/15px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/20px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> 4,4 % de la pop. active - 4,30 %</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dette_publique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dette publique">Dette publique brute</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2022?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2022">2022</a>)</th> <td>Nominale <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/10px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/15px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/20px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> 1 174,274 milliards de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ringgit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ringgit">MYR</a> + 10,25 % Relative <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/10px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/15px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/20px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> 69,250 % du PIB + 0,40 %</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monnaie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monnaie">Monnaie</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ringgit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ringgit">Ringgit</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_4217?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 4217"><code>MYR</code></a>)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption style="background-color:#e3e3e3;"> Développement </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indice_de_d%C3%A9veloppement_humain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indice de développement humain">IDH</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2021?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2021">2021</a>)</th> <td><img alt="en diminution" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> 0,803<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-hdr2021-22-7">[7]</a> (très élevé ; <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_pays_par_IDH?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des pays par IDH"><abbr class="abbr" title="Soixante-deuxième">62e</abbr></a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_pays_par_%C3%A9galit%C3%A9_de_revenus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des pays par égalité de revenus">Coefficient de Gini</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2018?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2018">2018</a>)</th> <td><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/10px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/15px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/20px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> 41,2 %<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Gini_BM-8">[8]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indice_d%27in%C3%A9galit%C3%A9_de_genre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indice d'inégalité de genre">Indice d'inégalité de genre</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2021?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2021">2021</a>)</th> <td><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/10px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/15px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/20px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> 0,228<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-hdr2021-22-7">[7]</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indice_d%27in%C3%A9galit%C3%A9_de_genre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indice d'inégalité de genre"><abbr class="abbr" title="Cinquante-septième">57e</abbr></a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indice_de_performance_environnementale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indice de performance environnementale">Indice de performance environnementale</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2022?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2022">2022</a>)</th> <td><img alt="en augmentation" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> 35,0<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-IPE2022-9">[9]</a> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indice_de_performance_environnementale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indice de performance environnementale"><abbr class="abbr" title="Cent trentième">130e</abbr></a>)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table> <caption style="background-color:#e3e3e3;"> Divers </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_3166-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 3166-1">Code ISO 3166-1</a></th> <td><code>MYS, MY</code></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Domaine_de_premier_niveau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Domaine de premier niveau">Domaine Internet</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/.my?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title=".my">.my</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_indicatifs_t%C3%A9l%C3%A9phoniques_internationaux_par_pays?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des indicatifs téléphoniques internationaux par pays">Indicatif téléphonique</a></th> <td>+60</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:9em;"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organisation_internationale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organisation internationale">Organisations internationales</a></th> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau des Nations unies"><img alt="Drapeau des Nations unies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_Nations.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organisation_des_Nations_unies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organisation des Nations unies">ONU</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Infobox_Commonwealth_of_Nations_flag.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Icône du Commonwealth"><img alt="Icône du Commonwealth" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Infobox_Commonwealth_of_Nations_flag.svg/20px-Infobox_Commonwealth_of_Nations_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Infobox_Commonwealth_of_Nations_flag.svg/30px-Infobox_Commonwealth_of_Nations_flag.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Infobox_Commonwealth_of_Nations_flag.svg/40px-Infobox_Commonwealth_of_Nations_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="180"></a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commonwealth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commonwealth">Commonwealth</a> <div class="clear" style="clear:both;"></div><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:ASEAN_substitute_flag.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Région géographique de l'Association des nations de l'Asie du Sud-Est"><img alt="Région géographique de l'Association des nations de l'Asie du Sud-Est" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/ASEAN_substitute_flag.svg/20px-ASEAN_substitute_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/ASEAN_substitute_flag.svg/30px-ASEAN_substitute_flag.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/ASEAN_substitute_flag.svg/40px-ASEAN_substitute_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="115" data-file-height="75"></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Association_des_nations_de_l%27Asie_du_Sud-Est?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Association des nations de l'Asie du Sud-Est">ASEAN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:OIC_Logo_since_2011.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'Organisation de la coopération islamique"><img alt="Drapeau de l'Organisation de la coopération islamique" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/OIC_Logo_since_2011.jpg/20px-OIC_Logo_since_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/OIC_Logo_since_2011.jpg/30px-OIC_Logo_since_2011.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/OIC_Logo_since_2011.jpg/40px-OIC_Logo_since_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="368" data-file-height="200"></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organisation_de_la_coop%C3%A9ration_islamique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organisation de la coopération islamique">OCI</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:WTO_Logo.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Drapeau de l'OMC"><img alt="Drapeau de l'OMC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/WTO_Logo.svg/19px-WTO_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/WTO_Logo.svg/29px-WTO_Logo.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/WTO_Logo.svg/39px-WTO_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="95" data-file-height="88"></a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organisation_mondiale_du_commerce?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organisation mondiale du commerce">OMC</a> <div class="clear" style="clear:both;"></div><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organisation_internationale_sur_le_bambou_et_le_rotin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organisation internationale sur le bambou et le rotin">INBAR</a> <div class="clear" style="clear:both;"></div><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commission_internationale_du_riz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commission internationale du riz">CIR</a> <div class="clear" style="clear:both;"></div><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Groupe_de_Cairns?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Groupe de Cairns">Groupe de Cairns</a> <div class="clear" style="clear:both;"></div><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Groupe_des_quinze?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Groupe des quinze">G15</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DMalaisie%26action%3Dedit">modifier</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Pays?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a> </div> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Toponymie">1 Toponymie</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Histoire">2 Histoire</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Politique">3 Politique</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Partis_politiques">3.1 Partis politiques</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Syst%C3%A8me_politique">3.2 Système politique</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#D%C3%A9mocratie">3.3 Démocratie</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Politique_ext%C3%A9rieure">3.4 Politique extérieure</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Administration">4 Administration</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#G%C3%A9ographie">5 Géographie</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Climat">5.1 Climat</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Faune,_flore_et_environnement">5.2 Faune, flore et environnement</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C3%89conomie">6 Économie</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Syst%C3%A8me_de_sant%C3%A9">7 Système de santé</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Transport">8 Transport</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#D%C3%A9mographie">9 Démographie</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Langues">10 Langues</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Religions">11 Religions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Culture">12 Culture</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#D%C3%A9fense_nationale">13 Défense nationale</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sports">14 Sports</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences">15 Notes et références</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes">15.1 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences">15.2 Références</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Voir_aussi">16 Voir aussi</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliographie">16.1 Bibliographie</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Articles_connexes">16.2 Articles connexes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liens_externes">16.3 Liens externes</a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="Toponymie">Toponymie</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malaisie&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Toponymie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> L'utilisation du nom de « Malaisie » pour désigner la péninsule malaise est récente. Ce nom est la francisation de Malaya dans l'expression « British Malaya » (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie_britannique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malaisie britannique">Malaisie britannique</a>) par laquelle les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Royaume-Uni?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Royaume-Uni">Britanniques</a> désignaient, à partir de la fin du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/XIXe_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="XIXe siècle"><abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle">XIXe</abbr> siècle</a>, les territoires qu'ils contrôlaient sur la péninsule depuis 1826. Jusqu'en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1912?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1912">1912</a>, le nom de « fédération de Malaisie » ne s'appliquait qu'à l'entité créée en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1896?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1896">1896</a> par les Britanniques et devenue indépendante en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1957?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1957">1957</a>, « l'Union malaise » (Malayan Union). Celle-ci regroupait, dans la péninsule malaise, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats_malais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États malais">États malais</a>, qui avaient auparavant le statut de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protectorat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protectorat">protectorats</a>, et les Strait Settlements, c'est-à-dire les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_britannique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire britannique">colonies</a> de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malacca_(%C3%89tat)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malacca (État)">Malacca</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Penang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Penang">Penang</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Singapour?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Singapour">Singapour</a>. Lorsque les territoires britanniques de Bornéo, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sabah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> (British North Borneo) et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sarawak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a> deviennent indépendants en 1963 et acceptent de rejoindre la Malaisie, la nouvelle entité est baptisée du néologisme de « Malaysia ». Certains auteurs tel le géographe <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rodolphe_De_Koninck?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rodolphe De Koninck">Rodolphe De Koninck</a> (de même que <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Petit_Robert_des_noms_propres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Petit Robert des noms propres">Le Petit Robert des noms propres</a> 1994<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11">[11]</a>) utilisent effectivement « Malaysia » (nom donné à l'ensemble de la fédération dans la langue <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malais_(langue)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malais (langue)">malaise</a>) pour désigner le pays d'aujourd'hui, préférant nommer <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie_p%C3%A9ninsulaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malaisie péninsulaire">sa portion péninsulaire</a> par « Malaisie », traduction française de son ancien nom popularisé par l'Empire britannique, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie_britannique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malaisie britannique">Malaya</a>. Cette distinction rend également compte du caractère bipolaire du pays moderne, résultat d'une décision politique hasardeuse consistant à unir d'anciennes colonies britanniques du nord de l'île de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Born%C3%A9o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bornéo">Bornéo</a> et de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9ninsule_Malaise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Péninsule Malaise">péninsule Malaise</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12">[12]</a>. En <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Français">français</a>, « Malaisie » avait à l'origine un autre sens. En 1831, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jules_Dumont_d%27Urville?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jules Dumont d'Urville">Jules Dumont d'Urville</a> proposait à la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_de_g%C3%A9ographie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Société de géographie">Société de géographie</a> de Paris une organisation de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oc%C3%A9anie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Océanie">Océanie</a> en quatre parties : <ul> <li>la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polyn%C3%A9sie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polynésie">Polynésie</a> (les îles nombreuses) ;</li> <li>la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A9lan%C3%A9sie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mélanésie">Mélanésie</a> (les îles « noires ») ;</li> <li>la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Micron%C3%A9sie_(r%C3%A9gion)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Micronésie (région)">Micronésie</a> (les petites îles) ;</li> <li>la Malaisie (les îles des « Malais »).</li> </ul> Par ce dernier nom, Dumont d'Urville entendait l'ensemble des îles des archipels de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Eles_de_la_Sonde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Îles de la Sonde">la Sonde</a>, des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moluques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moluques">Moluques</a> et des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philippines?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philippines">Philippines</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13">[13]</a>. À l'époque en effet, on considérait que les habitants de cette région pouvaient être désignés par le terme englobant de « Malais ». Au sens strict du terme, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malais_(peuple)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malais (peuple)">Malais</a> sont les populations qui parlent la langue <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malais_(langue)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malais (langue)">malaise</a> et qui habitent le littoral oriental de l'île de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sumatra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Eles_Riau_(archipel)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Îles Riau (archipel)">îles Riau</a>, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9ninsule_Malaise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Péninsule Malaise">péninsule Malaise</a> et le littoral de l'île de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Born%C3%A9o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bornéo">Bornéo</a>. Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_Londres_(1824)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Traité de Londres (1824)">traité de Londres de 1824</a> entre Britanniques et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pays-Bas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pays-Bas">Hollandais</a> se traduira par un partage en deux de ce <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monde_malais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monde malais">monde malais</a>. On ne saurait donc identifier celui-ci à la seule Malaisie. Pour éviter la confusion, on utilise le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gentil%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gentilé">gentilé</a> « Malaisien » pour désigner ce qui relève de la Malaisie comme État, le mot « malais » désignant ce qui relève de la langue, de la culture, de l'ethnie, et couvrant donc un territoire plus vaste. Ainsi, l'expression « <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monde_malais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monde malais">monde malais</a> » au sens strict désigne l'aire géographique habitée par les Malais et décrite plus haut. À noter que « malaisien » désigne également la langue officielle de la Malaisie sous sa forme standard (depuis 2007), à différencier de « malais » qui regroupe tous les dialectes, dont le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisien_(langue)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malaisien (langue)">malaisien</a>, mais aussi entre autres l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indon%C3%A9sien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indonésien">indonésien</a>. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="Histoire">Histoire</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malaisie&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Histoire" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Histoire_de_la_Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Histoire de la Malaisie">Histoire de la Malaisie</a>. </div> </div> À l'origine, la Malaisie était une péninsule inhabitée, recouverte par une forêt vieille de 130 millions d'années ayant échappé à toutes les glaciations. Ce n'est que vers <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xe_mill%C3%A9naire_av._J.-C.?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xe millénaire av. J.-C.">10 000 avant J.-C.</a> qu'arrivèrent les premiers aborigènes. L'année <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1511?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1511">1511</a> marque la première présence européenne en Malaisie avec la prise de la ville de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malacca_(ville)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malacca (ville)">Malacca</a> (Melaka en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malais_(langue)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malais (langue)">malais</a>) par le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vice-rois_et_gouverneurs_de_l%27Inde_portugaise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vice-rois et gouverneurs de l'Inde portugaise">vice-roi portugais des Indes</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afonso_de_Albuquerque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afonso de Albuquerque">Afonso de Albuquerque</a>, parti de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Goa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Goa">Goa</a> à la tête d'une flotte de dix-huit bateaux et 1 200 hommes. La prise de Malacca par les Portugais a eu deux conséquences fondamentales : la rupture du réseau des marchands de l'Asie du Sud-Est insulaire et péninsulaire, et la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christianisation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christianisation">christianisation</a> de l'ouest de l'archipel indonésien. En <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1641?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1641">1641</a>, les Hollandais de la VOC (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie ou « <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Compagnie_n%C3%A9erlandaise_des_Indes_orientales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Compagnie néerlandaise des Indes orientales">Compagnie hollandaise des Indes orientales </a>»), alliés à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Johor">Johor</a>, prennent à leur tour Malacca aux Portugais. En <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1795?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1795">1795</a>, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grande-Bretagne_(royaume)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grande-Bretagne (royaume)">Britanniques</a> s'emparent du territoire malais, avec l’île de Singapour. En 1815, à la suite du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Congr%C3%A8s_de_Vienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Congrès de Vienne">traité de Vienne</a>, Singapour, et tous les territoires malais au nord de Singapour, deviennent britanniques. Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sabah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sabah">Sabah</a>, et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sarawak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a>, au nord de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Born%C3%A9o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bornéo">Bornéo</a>, deviennent britanniques. Les Hollandais reprennent les territoires au sud de Singapour, en 1817, ce qui constitue plus tard l'actuelle Indonésie. La Malaisie est envahie et occupée par le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japon">Japon</a> pendant la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seconde_Guerre_mondiale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seconde Guerre mondiale">Seconde Guerre mondiale</a>. Les troupes de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arm%C3%A9e_imp%C3%A9riale_japonaise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armée impériale japonaise">armée impériale japonaise</a> se livrèrent à un très grand nombre d'exactions, faisant en particulier des dizaines de milliers de morts parmi la minorité chinoise. En 1948, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_communiste_malais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parti communiste malais">Parti communiste malais</a>, qui avait représenté le fer de lance de la résistance à l'occupation japonaise, se préparait à mener une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Insurrection_communiste_malaise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Insurrection communiste malaise">guerre de libération contre l'occupation britannique</a>. L’insurrection est toutefois matée après plusieurs années de sévère répression (les soldats coloniaux coupèrent les mains, voire la tête, des rebelles capturés, et déplacèrent un demi-million de personnes dans des camps de concentration). Dans le même temps, Londres promet l'indépendance à des dirigeants jugés modérés, qui élargissent leur base en jouant sur la défiance raciale à l'égard de la minorité chinoise<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14">[14]</a>. La Malaisie actuelle résulte de l'entrée en 1963 des territoires britanniques de Bornéo devenus indépendants, Sabah et Sarawak, dans la fédération de Malaisie, elle-même devenue indépendante en 1957. Le retrait de Singapour de la fédération de Malaisie, le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1965-08-09" data-sort-value="1965-08-09">9 août 1965</time> fut pratiquement vu comme une partition de la Malaisie en deux états, par les observateurs étrangers, mais, à la différence de l'Inde, cette partition n'était pas religieuse, mais plutôt ethnique, avec la création de l'état de Singapour, majoritairement peuplé de Chinois, et la Malaisie, majoritairement peuplée de Malais musulmans, mais avec une forte minorité de Chinois. Avant 1965, les Chinois étaient aussi nombreux que les Malais, en Malaisie. Les deux parties n'arrivaient pas à s'entendre pour le partage du pouvoir entre Chinois et Malais, d'autant plus que les Malais étaient favorables à un régime monarchique, alors que les Chinois voulaient un régime républicain, ce qui laissait présager une grave guerre civile ethnique, expliquant largement le retrait de Singapour, en 1965. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mahathir Mohamad">Mahathir Mohamad</a> est à l'origine de plusieurs projets économiques : <ul> <li>le constructeur automobile <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proton_(entreprise)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Proton (entreprise)">Proton</a> ;</li> <li>le circuit de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Formule_1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Formule 1">Formule 1</a> ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tours_Petronas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tours Petronas">les tours jumelles de Petronas</a>, les tours jumelles les plus grandes au monde (452 <abbr class="abbr" title="mètre">m</abbr>, 200 ascenseurs), et le bâtiment le plus grand du monde de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1997?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1997">1997</a> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2003?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2003">2003</a>, qui sont devenus les symboles de la Malaisie moderne. Les tours Petronas peuvent résister à une séisme de magnitude 7,2 sur l'échelle de Richter ;</li> <li>l'aéroport le plus moderne du monde construit en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1998?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1998">1998</a> ;</li> <li>la nouvelle capitale <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Putrajaya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Putrajaya">Putrajaya</a> ;</li> <li>la nouvelle capitale de l'informatique et du multimédia, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cyberjaya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cyberjaya">Cyberjaya</a>.</li> </ul> Fortement frappée en 1997 par la crise monétaire (le PIB s'effondre de 7 %), la Malaisie choisit, à la différence des pays voisins de rejeter les recommandations du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fonds_mon%C3%A9taire_international?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fonds monétaire international">FMI</a> et d'adopter une politique protectionniste. L’économie malaisienne se relève beaucoup plus rapidement que les économies indonésiennes ou thaïlandaises, avec une croissance de 5,4 % en 1999 et de 8 % en 2000<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15">[15]</a>. Le sujet de la corruption est très sensible en Malaisie, notamment depuis le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scandale_de_1Malaysia_Development_Berhad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scandale de 1Malaysia Development Berhad">scandale 1MDB</a> qui, en 2018, a contribué à la chute de l'ex-Premier ministre malaisien <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Najib_Razak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Najib Razak">Najib Razak</a>, inculpé pour corruption<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16">[16]</a>,<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17">[17]</a>. Le principal chef d'orchestre de ce scandale, l'homme d'affaires Jho Low n'a toujours pas été arrêté par les forces de l'ordre et habiterait en Malaisie même<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire">[réf. nécessaire]</a>. Le fait que Razak ait été finalement envoyé en prison en 2022, et l'arrivée au pouvoir de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a> cette même année avec la promesse de s'attaquer au fléau, font espérer un changement dans les mentalités<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18">[18]</a> . </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Politique">Politique</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malaisie&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Politique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Politique_en_Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Politique en Malaisie">Politique en Malaisie</a>. </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Partis_politiques">Partis politiques</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malaisie&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Partis politiques" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> Depuis son indépendance en 1957, la Malaisie est dirigée par une même coalition dominante, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barisan_Nasional?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a> (BN) qui se place dans une idéologie diverse (droite, centre, multi-ethnique, nationaliste et islamique) au travers des différents partis qui la composent. Cette coalition est dominée par l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organisation_nationale_des_Malais_unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organisation nationale des Malais unis">Organisation nationale des Malais unis</a> (UMNO) qui est un parti de droite se positionnant en faveur du nationalisme malaisien et de son idéologie islamique. Le BN est composé de 13 partis communautaires dont 4 nationaux<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FD-19">[19]</a>: <ul> <li>la United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) ;</li> <li>la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Association_des_Chinois_de_Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Association des Chinois de Malaisie">Malaysian Chinese Association</a> (MCA) ;</li> <li>le Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC) ;</li> <li>le Malaysian's People Movement Party (Gerakan).</li> </ul> Les 9 autres partis représentent principalement des communautés ethniques de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sabah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> et de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sarawak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FD-19">[19]</a>. Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pakatan_Rakyat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pakatan Rakyat">Pakatan Rakyat</a> (PR) fait office de coalition d'opposition face au Barisan Nasional. Il œuvre pour une diversification de la scène politique à travers le développement de diverses listes qui intégreraient une plus large population malaise sur le plan ethnique<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Mocci-20">[20]</a>. Il est composé du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parti_d%27action_d%C3%A9mocratique_(Malaisie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parti d'action démocratique (Malaisie)">Parti d'action démocratique</a> (DAP) et du Parti <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Keadilan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Keadilan">Keadilan Rakyat</a> (PKR), tous deux de centre gauche. Le Parti Islam Se-malaysia (PAS) fait également partie de la coalition mais se place dans une idéologie centriste et islamiste<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Mocci-20">[20]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Système_politique">Système politique</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malaisie&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Système politique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Sultan_Ibrahim_Ismail_(48400998097)_(cropped).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Sultan_Ibrahim_Ismail_%2848400998097%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Sultan_Ibrahim_Ismail_%2848400998097%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="2240"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Sultan_Ibrahim_Ismail_%2848400998097%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Sultan_Ibrahim_Ismail_%2848400998097%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Sultan_Ibrahim_Ismail_%2848400998097%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Sultan_Ibrahim_Ismail_%2848400998097%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Sultan_Ibrahim_Ismail_%2848400998097%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Sultan_Ibrahim_Ismail_%2848400998097%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ibrahim_Ismail_(roi_de_Malaisie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ibrahim Ismail (roi de Malaisie)">Ibrahim Ismail</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roi_de_Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roi de Malaisie">roi de Malaisie</a> depuis 2024. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Anwar_Ibrahim_20230608.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Anwar_Ibrahim_20230608.jpg/220px-Anwar_Ibrahim_20230608.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="727" data-file-height="969"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 293px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Anwar_Ibrahim_20230608.jpg/220px-Anwar_Ibrahim_20230608.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="293" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Anwar_Ibrahim_20230608.jpg/330px-Anwar_Ibrahim_20230608.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Anwar_Ibrahim_20230608.jpg/440px-Anwar_Ibrahim_20230608.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_Premiers_ministres_malaisiens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des Premiers ministres malaisiens">Premier ministre de Malaisie</a> depuis 2022. </figcaption> </figure> La Malaisie est une monarchie parlementaire fédérale. L'annexe 9 de la Constitution adoptée en 1957<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21">[21]</a> définit les domaines de compétences législatives, exclusives ou partagées de la fédération et des États<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-s%C3%A9nat-22">[22]</a>. Dans le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Politique_en_Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Politique en Malaisie">pouvoir exécutif malais</a>, le chef de l'État n'est pas un monarque héréditaire mais un sultan aussi considéré comme le « souverain suprême »<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23">[23]</a> ou « roi » élu pour une période de cinq ans selon la tradition. S'il le désire, il a la possibilité de prolonger ce mandat. Le sultan est élu par le Conseil des sultans (CDS) qui se compose du souverain lui-même, du Premier ministre, des 9 sultans de Malaisie et des 4 gouverneurs des 13 États de la fédération. Le CDS a le pouvoir de destituer le souverain et protège les droits des sultanats et de l'islam. Le sultan désigné doit obligatoirement être issu d'une des neuf familles royales à la tête des sultanats. La nomination du gouvernement ainsi que ses pouvoirs s'effectuent comme dans toute monarchie constitutionnelle habituelle. Le roi désigne le Premier ministre parmi les membres de la Chambre des représentants, généralement le leader du parti majoritaire. Le Premier ministre choisit les membres du gouvernement parmi les parlementaires. Le pouvoir législatif malaisien comprend un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bicam%C3%A9risme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bicamérisme">parlement bicaméral</a> avec une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chambre_basse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chambre basse">Chambre basse</a>, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dewan Rakyat">Chambre des représentants</a> (« Dewan Rakyat ») constituée de 222 députés élus pour cinq ans au scrutin majoritaire uninominal à un tour. Selon l'article 45 de la Constitution, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chambre_haute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chambre haute">Chambre haute</a> (« <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dewan_Negara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dewan Negara">Dewan Negara</a> »), correspondant à un Sénat, se compose de 70 membres qui ont 30 ans minimum dont 26 sénateurs, à raison de deux pour chaque État de la fédération, un pour représenter le territoire fédéral de Labuan et un autre pour le territoire de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Putrajaya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Putrajaya">Putrajaya</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-s%C3%A9nat-22">[22]</a>. On retrouve également 44 représentants des minorités ethniques nommés par le souverain, dont 40 sont nommés avec l'approbation du Premier ministre. Ils bénéficient d'un mandat de 6 ans maximum<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-s%C3%A9nat-22">[22]</a>. La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corruption?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corruption">corruption</a>, dont le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scandale_de_1Malaysia_Development_Berhad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scandale de 1Malaysia Development Berhad">scandale de 1Malaysia Development Berhad</a> est emblématique, est très répandue<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24">[24]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Démocratie">Démocratie</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malaisie&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Démocratie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> La Malaisie peut être qualifiée de régime hybride<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25">[25]</a> car elle présente des caractéristiques qui relèvent en partie d'un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9mocratie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Démocratie">régime démocratique</a> et en partie d'un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autoritarisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autoritarisme">régime autoritaire</a> : <ul> <li>La présence d’élections régulières lors desquelles les dirigeants politiques de la Malaisie sont élus au suffrage universel par tous les citoyens en âge de voter donne une première caractéristique démocratique au régime<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26">[26]</a>. Cet élément est contrebalancé par le manque de compétition entre les partis politiques lors de ces élections : dans plusieurs circonscriptions, les citoyens ne peuvent élire qu’un seul candidat. Ce mode de fonctionnement est imputable aux négociations existantes entre les partis. Les principaux partis qui font partie du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barisan_Nasional?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a> (UMNO et MCA) créent une entente qui donne l’occasion au principal parti (UMNO) de remporter plus de circonscriptions que les autres partis issus des minorités chinoises et indiennes. En échange, les partis minoritaires peuvent faire siéger leurs ministres au sein du gouvernement dominé par le Parti gagnant. Certains auteurs caractériseront ce régime de « <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consociationalisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consociationalisme">consociationnel</a> ». Autrement dit, la Malaisie présenterait un type de régime démocratique dans lequel le pouvoir politique est réparti entre les ethnies au prorata de l’importance numérique dans la population.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Droit_civil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Droit civil">libertés civiles</a> et les droits politiques sont restreints<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-aibf-27">[27]</a>. Cette deuxième caractéristique place à nouveau la Malaisie du côté du régime autoritaire. Deux types de liberté sont entravés : la liberté d’expression et celle de critique. En 2013, une loi adoptée par le parlement permet la détention illimitée des dissidents (les citoyens qui critiquent le régime). La liberté d’association et de manifestations fait également l’objet d’interdiction quand il s’agit de critiquer les lois adoptées par le gouvernement<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-aibf-27">[27]</a>. Les médias d’informations sont très surveillés par le pouvoir politique. Des procédures judiciaires sont entamées contre les journalistes qui critiquent le gouvernement<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-aibf-27">[27]</a>.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Libert%C3%A9_de_religion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liberté de religion">liberté de religion</a> est une autre liberté entravée rendant le régime malais moins démocratique. Bien que la constitution reconnaisse la liberté de religion, celle-ci est limitée. La majorité des citoyens malais pratiquent un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sunnisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunnisme">islam sunnite</a>. Les autres branches (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chiisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chiisme">chiites</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alaouites?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alaouites">alaouites</a>) bénéficient de moins de droits. Par exemple, seuls les musulmans sunnites sont autorisés à faire du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pros%C3%A9lytisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prosélytisme">prosélytisme</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28">[28]</a> (missionnariat, tentative de convertir les citoyens d’autres religions à la leur) sauf si une loi d’un État malais l’interdit. Les musulmans sunnites ne sont pas autorisés à se convertir à une autre religion. Les enfants de musulmans et de fonctionnaires doivent obligatoirement recevoir une éducation religieuse sunnite.</li> </ul> La Malaisie a été presque continuellement soumise à l'état d'urgence depuis son <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Histoire_de_la_Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#La_rupture_de_la_Seconde_Guerre_mondiale_et_la_gen%C3%A8se_de_la_Malaisie" title="Histoire de la Malaisie">indépendance</a> en 1957. La loi de sécurité interne (ISA) permet entre autres l'incarcération des suspects sans limitation de durée ni de recours judiciaire possible. L’ISA, dénoncée par les défenseurs des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Droits_fondamentaux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Droits fondamentaux">libertés individuelles</a>, a été instaurée en 1960 dans le cadre de la lutte contre le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Communisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Communisme">communisme</a> et n’a été levée qu’en 2012<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29">[29]</a>. En 2018, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reporters_sans_fronti%C3%A8res?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reporters sans frontières">Reporters sans frontières</a> place la Malaisie au <abbr class="abbr" title="Cent quarante-cinquième">145e</abbr> rang de son <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Classement_mondial_de_la_libert%C3%A9_de_la_presse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Classement mondial de la liberté de la presse">classement mondial de la liberté de la presse</a>, notant les campagnes de harcèlement, les blocages et la surveillance dont sont l'objet des journalistes enquêtant sur les affaires de corruption impliquant le gouvernement, ainsi que la possibilité offerte par la loi d'infliger à des journalistes des peines allant jusqu'à 20 ans de prison pour « sédition »<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30">[30]</a>. Cependant l'Economist Intelligence Unit considère plus la Malaisie comme une démocratie imparfaite que comme un régime hybride, plaçant le pays au <abbr class="abbr" title="Cinquante-neuvième">59e</abbr> rang de son <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indice_de_d%C3%A9mocratie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indice de démocratie">classement mondial des pays démocratiques</a>, entre la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Croatie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Croatie">Croatie</a> et la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mongolie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mongolie">Mongolie</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Politique_extérieure">Politique extérieure</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malaisie&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Politique extérieure" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Secretary_Pompeo_and_Malaysian_Prime_Minister_Mahathir_Mohamad_(42910851015).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Secretary_Pompeo_and_Malaysian_Prime_Minister_Mahathir_Mohamad_%2842910851015%29.jpg/220px-Secretary_Pompeo_and_Malaysian_Prime_Minister_Mahathir_Mohamad_%2842910851015%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3919" data-file-height="2589"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 145px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Secretary_Pompeo_and_Malaysian_Prime_Minister_Mahathir_Mohamad_%2842910851015%29.jpg/220px-Secretary_Pompeo_and_Malaysian_Prime_Minister_Mahathir_Mohamad_%2842910851015%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="145" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Secretary_Pompeo_and_Malaysian_Prime_Minister_Mahathir_Mohamad_%2842910851015%29.jpg/330px-Secretary_Pompeo_and_Malaysian_Prime_Minister_Mahathir_Mohamad_%2842910851015%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Secretary_Pompeo_and_Malaysian_Prime_Minister_Mahathir_Mohamad_%2842910851015%29.jpg/440px-Secretary_Pompeo_and_Malaysian_Prime_Minister_Mahathir_Mohamad_%2842910851015%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Secr%C3%A9taire_d%27%C3%89tat_des_%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secrétaire d'État des États-Unis">Secrétaire d'État des États-Unis</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mike_Pompeo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo</a> et le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_Premiers_ministres_malaisiens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des Premiers ministres malaisiens">Premier ministre de Malaisie</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mahathir Mohamad">Mahathir Mohamad</a>, 3 août 2018. </figcaption> </figure> La Malaisie est membre de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Association_des_nations_de_l%27Asie_du_Sud-Est?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Association des nations de l'Asie du Sud-Est">ASEAN</a> (Association des Nations d'Asie du Sud-Est). </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malaisie&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Administration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats_et_territoires_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9raux_de_Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États et territoires fédéraux de Malaisie">États et territoires fédéraux de Malaisie</a>. </div> </div> La Malaisie est une fédération composée de treize États (negeri) et de trois districts fédéraux (wilayah persekutuan). Les États sont les onze de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9ninsule_Malaise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Péninsule Malaise">péninsule Malaise</a> (dont les neuf <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats_malais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États malais">sultanats</a>) : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perlis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perlis">Perlis</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kedah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kedah">Kedah</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Penang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Penang">Penang</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perak">Perak</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kelantan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terengganu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terengganu">Terengganu</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pahang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pahang">Pahang</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Selangor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Selangor">Selangor</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malacca_(ville)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malacca (ville)">Malacca</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Johor">Johor</a>, et les deux États de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sarawak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a> et de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sabah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> sur l'île de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Born%C3%A9o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bornéo">Bornéo</a>. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="Géographie">Géographie</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malaisie&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Géographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%A9ographie_de_la_Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Géographie de la Malaisie">Géographie de la Malaisie</a>. </div> </div> Le pays est composé de deux régions distinctes : <ul> <li>La Malaisie occidentale ou <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie_p%C3%A9ninsulaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malaisie péninsulaire">Malaisie péninsulaire</a> (au sud de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tha%C3%AFlande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thaïlande">Thaïlande</a>) est divisée du nord au sud par une longue chaîne montagneuse dont le point culminant se situe à 2 189 <abbr class="abbr" title="mètre">m</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gunung_Tahan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gunung Tahan">Gunung Tahan</a>) et où subsistent de vastes zones forestières. La côte ouest est marécageuse et plate, la côte est se compose, au contraire, de longues plages de sable. Les cultures et plantations sont d'abord situées le long des plaines côtières. Le nord du pays (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perlis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perlis">Perlis</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kedah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kedah">Kedah</a>) est considéré comme son « grenier à riz ».</li> <li>La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie_orientale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malaisie orientale">Malaisie orientale</a> est composée des territoires du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sarawak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a> et du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sabah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> et située au nord de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Born%C3%A9o?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bornéo">Bornéo</a>. Cette partie représente 15 % de la population sur 60 % du territoire. Elle est essentiellement composée de forêts tropicales humides et d'un relief assez élevé (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mont_Kinabalu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mont Kinabalu">mont Kinabalu</a>, 4 100 <abbr class="abbr" title="mètre">m</abbr>).</li> </ul> La Malaisie orientale partage ses frontières terrestres avec le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brunei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brunei">Brunei</a> (381 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr>) au nord-est et l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indon%C3%A9sie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indonésie">Indonésie</a> (1 178 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr>) à l'est-nord-est et au sud tandis que la partie péninsulaire est limitrophe de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tha%C3%AFlande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thaïlande">Thaïlande</a> (506 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr>) au nord-nord-ouest. Le pays dispose d'un total de 4 675 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre">km</abbr> de côtes. La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9ninsule_Malaise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Péninsule Malaise">péninsule Malaise</a> est également reliée à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Singapour?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Singapour">Singapour</a> au sud-sud-est par deux ponts traversant le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9troit_de_Johor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Détroit de Johor">détroit de Johor</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Climat">Climat</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malaisie&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Climat" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> En raison de sa situation géographique proche de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89quateur_terrestre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Équateur terrestre">équateur</a>, la Malaisie connaît un climat équatorial de type très humide, caractérisé par une température constamment élevée (entre 26 et 27 <abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr> en moyenne), une faible amplitude thermique annuelle (de l'ordre de 1 à 2 <abbr class="abbr" title="degré Celsius">°C</abbr>) et une forte humidité tout au long de l'année. Les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9cipitations?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Précipitations">précipitations</a> sont très élevées avec une moyenne annuelle atteignant 2 500 <abbr class="abbr" title="millimètre">mm</abbr>. Il fait très rarement plus de 32°, la température oscillant toujours entre 26 et 28°. Dans les régions de montagnes, comme la région du mont Kinabalu, la température est souvent plus basse, et plus fraîche. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Faune,_flore_et_environnement">Faune, flore et environnement</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malaisie&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Faune, flore et environnement" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9forestation_en_Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Déforestation en Malaisie">Déforestation en Malaisie</a>. </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:FLII_Malaysia.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/FLII_Malaysia.png/220px-FLII_Malaysia.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="77" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1822" data-file-height="637"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 77px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/FLII_Malaysia.png/220px-FLII_Malaysia.png" data-width="220" data-height="77" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/FLII_Malaysia.png/330px-FLII_Malaysia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/FLII_Malaysia.png/440px-FLII_Malaysia.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> En 2019, La Malaisie avait un score moyen de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indice_d%27int%C3%A9grit%C3%A9_du_paysage_forestier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indice d'intégrité du paysage forestier">indice d'intégrité du paysage forestier</a> de 5,01, le classant <abbr class="abbr" title="Cent-onzième">111e</abbr> sur 172 pays<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FLII_Supplementary-31">[31]</a>. </figcaption> </figure> La Malaisie est considérée comme une zone de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A9gadiversit%C3%A9_biologique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mégadiversité biologique">mégadiversité biologique</a>. La flore est ainsi particulièrement riche au regard d'autres pays situés dans la zone intertropicale. Les montagnes, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/For%C3%AAt_primaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Forêt primaire">forêts primaires</a>, et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9cif_corallien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Récif corallien">récifs coralliens</a> participent à cette grande biodiversité. La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9forestation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Déforestation">déforestation</a> est importante, en particulier dans les territoires du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sarawak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a> et du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sabah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sabah">Sabah</a>. Le Sabah abrite, entre autres, une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oleaceae?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oleaceae">Oleacée</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32">[32]</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Olea_borneensis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Olea borneensis">Olea borneensis</a> (nom vernaculaire Obah ou Mangkas), à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lahad_Datu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lahad Datu">Lahad Datu</a> (Forêt de recherche du Silam), <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranau">Ranau</a> (Kulimpsiau-Bas) et Kulat (Labuan). Cette espèce occupe les flancs de collines et les sommets, sur des sols ultrabasiques. Les importations de plastique ont triplé entre 2016 et 2018 pour atteindre 870,000 tonnes selon des données officielles, ce qui fait de la Malaisie le premier importateur mondial de déchets plastiques. Les usines de traitement de plastique se sont multipliées et se sont mises à émettre des fumées toxiques. Des montagnes de plastique, provenant essentiellement d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Am%C3%A9rique_du_Nord?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amérique du Nord">Amérique du Nord</a> et d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europe">Europe</a>, parsèment le paysage et la situation sanitaire s'est dégradée. De nombreuses usines fonctionnent sans permis<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33">[33]</a>,<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34">[34]</a>. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="Économie">Économie</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malaisie&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Économie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:GDP_per_capita_development_of_Malaysia.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/GDP_per_capita_development_of_Malaysia.svg/220px-GDP_per_capita_development_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 155px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/GDP_per_capita_development_of_Malaysia.svg/220px-GDP_per_capita_development_of_Malaysia.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="155" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/GDP_per_capita_development_of_Malaysia.svg/330px-GDP_per_capita_development_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/GDP_per_capita_development_of_Malaysia.svg/440px-GDP_per_capita_development_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Évolution du PIB par habitant de Malaisie. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Kampung.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Kampung.jpg/220px-Kampung.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="360"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Kampung.jpg/220px-Kampung.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Kampung.jpg/330px-Kampung.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Kampung.jpg/440px-Kampung.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> La campagne malaisienne du Nord : « rizières et kampong ». </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Kuala_Lumpur_at_dawn_(18794580599).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Kuala_Lumpur_at_dawn_%2818794580599%29.jpg/220px-Kuala_Lumpur_at_dawn_%2818794580599%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Kuala_Lumpur_at_dawn_%2818794580599%29.jpg/220px-Kuala_Lumpur_at_dawn_%2818794580599%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Kuala_Lumpur_at_dawn_%2818794580599%29.jpg/330px-Kuala_Lumpur_at_dawn_%2818794580599%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Kuala_Lumpur_at_dawn_%2818794580599%29.jpg/440px-Kuala_Lumpur_at_dawn_%2818794580599%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Centre-ville de Kuala Lumpur. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Malaysia_KL_1.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Malaysia_KL_1.JPG/170px-Malaysia_KL_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 227px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Malaysia_KL_1.JPG/170px-Malaysia_KL_1.JPG" data-width="170" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Malaysia_KL_1.JPG/255px-Malaysia_KL_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Malaysia_KL_1.JPG/340px-Malaysia_KL_1.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Les tours Petronas, fleuron de l'économie malaisienne. </figcaption> </figure> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89conomie_de_la_Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Économie de la Malaisie">Économie de la Malaisie</a>. </div> </div> La Malaisie fait partie des « <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tigres_asiatiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tigres asiatiques">tigres asiatiques</a> » ; elle est passée en 25 ans du stade de pays en voie de développement à celui de pays développé. Le développement de la Malaisie est organisé en fonction de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Planification_%C3%A9conomique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Planification économique">plans de développement quinquennaux</a>. En mars 2006, le gouvernement a lancé le <abbr class="abbr" title="Neuvième">9e</abbr> plan de développement. Le gouvernement a pour but d'arriver en 2020 à une nation pleinement moderne et développée. Malaysia 2020 constitue un véritable leitmotiv dans le pays<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-35">[35]</a>. L’essor économique de la Malaisie se réalise grâce à la modernisation des infrastructures de transport (métro à Kuala Lumpur, autoroutes, ponts, ports de commerce), des communications et des infrastructures énergétiques, ainsi qu’au développement des zones industrielles et aux incitations fiscales pour les investisseurs dans des industries d’exportation. En 2024, la Malaisie est classée en <abbr class="abbr" title="Trente-troisième">33e</abbr> position pour l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indice_mondial_de_l%27innovation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indice mondial de l'innovation">indice mondial de l'innovation</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36">[36]</a>. La monnaie officielle du pays est le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ringgit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ringgit">ringgit malaisien</a> (RM). Un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euro">euro</a> vaut approximativement 4,54 RM (janvier 2020). Le 21 juillet 2005, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bank_Negara_Malaysia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bank Negara Malaysia">Bank Negara Malaysia</a>, la banque nationale malaisienne a mis fin au régime de change fixe avec alignement sur le dollar américain, pour passer à un régime de flottement administré. La Chine, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Japon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Japon">Japon</a>, les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Singapour?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Singapour">Singapour</a> sont les principaux partenaires économiques du pays<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37">[37]</a>. La Malaisie est devenue un leader mondial dans la production de composants électroniques, notamment les semi-conducteurs, et elle est le premier pays d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asie_du_Sud-Est?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asie du Sud-Est">Asie du Sud-Est</a> à concevoir et produire une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Automobile?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Automobile">automobile</a>, la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proton_(entreprise)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Proton (entreprise)">Proton</a>. Proton est à présent concurrencé par une seconde société malaisienne : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perodua?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perodua">Perodua</a> (Perusahaan Otomobil Kedua Sdn Bhd, littéralement « Deuxième Société Automobile »). Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Travaux_forc%C3%A9s?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Travaux forcés">travail forcé</a> reste fréquent en Malaisie. Les travailleurs <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Immigration?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Immigration">immigrés</a> représentent entre 20 % et 30 % de la main-d’œuvre du pays. Souvent originaires du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9pal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Népal">Népal</a>, du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bangladesh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> ou de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Birmanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Birmanie">Birmanie</a>, ils doivent s'endetter lourdement à des taux exorbitants auprès de prêteurs locaux afin de payer les recruteurs envoyés par des entreprises malaisiennes et obtenir un contrat de travail. Arrivés en Malaisie, leur employeurs leur confisquent leur passeport afin de s’assurer qu’ils resteront. Les journées de travail s'élèvent à douze heures, les congés sont rares et le salaire minimum malaisien représente 240 euros mensuels<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38">[38]</a>. La Malaisie est inscrite en 2009 sur la liste des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paradis_fiscal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paradis fiscal">paradis fiscaux</a> émise par l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organisation_de_coop%C3%A9ration_et_de_d%C3%A9veloppement_%C3%A9conomiques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques">OCDE</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-39">[39]</a>. Les principales ressources minières et agricoles du pays sont : <table class="wikitable alternance centre"> <caption> Principales productions du secteur primaire en 2016<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-economy2016-40">[40]</a> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col">Ressource</th> <th scope="col">Réserves</th> <th scope="col">Production annuelle</th> <th scope="col">Rang mondial</th> <th scope="col">Variation</th> <th scope="col">Commentaire</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="6">Ressources minières</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gaz_naturel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gaz naturel">Gaz naturel</a></td> <td>2 350 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre cube">km3</abbr> (2008)</td> <td>63 <abbr class="abbr" title="kilomètre cube">km3</abbr> (1)</td> <td align="center">15</td> <td align="center"></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9trole?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pétrole">Pétrole</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Condensat_de_gaz_naturel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Condensat de gaz naturel">condensats</a></td> <td>504 millions de tonnes</td> <td>33,42 millions tonnes (1)</td> <td align="center">25</td> <td align="center"></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Étain">Étain</a></td> <td>250 000 tonnes</td> <td>4 200 tonnes (1)</td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fer">Fer</a></td> <td align="center"></td> <td>11,58 millions de tonnes (2013)</td> <td align="center">18</td> <td align="center"></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="6">Agriculture et ressources halieutiques</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Huile_de_palme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Huile de palme">Huile de palme</a></td> <td align="center">-</td> <td>19,96 millions de tonnes (1)</td> <td align="center">2</td> <td align="center"></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caoutchouc_(mat%C3%A9riau)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caoutchouc (matériau)">Caoutchouc</a></td> <td align="center">-</td> <td>722 000 tonnes (1)</td> <td align="center">3</td> <td align="center"></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bois?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bois">Bois</a></td> <td align="center">-</td> <td>13,63 <abbr class="abbr" title="hectomètre cube">hm3</abbr> (1)</td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Produits de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%AAche_(halieutique)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pêche (halieutique)">pêche</a></td> <td align="center">-</td> <td>1,39 million de tonnes</td> <td align="center">18</td> <td align="center"></td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <h2 id="Système_de_santé">Système de santé</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malaisie&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Système de santé" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_de_sant%C3%A9_en_Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Système de santé en Malaisie">Système de santé en Malaisie</a>. </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malaisie&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Transport" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Fairytale_warning.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/17px-Fairytale_warning.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/26px-Fairytale_warning.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Fairytale_warning.png/34px-Fairytale_warning.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="bandeau-cell"> Cette section est vide, insuffisamment détaillée ou incomplète. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:EditPage/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:EditPage/Malaisie">Votre aide</a> est la bienvenue ! <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">Comment faire ?</a> </div> </div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_a%C3%A9roports_les_plus_fr%C3%A9quent%C3%A9s_en_Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liste des aéroports les plus fréquentés en Malaisie">Liste des aéroports les plus fréquentés en Malaisie</a>. </div> </div> L'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A%C3%A9roport_international_de_Kuala_Lumpur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aéroport international de Kuala Lumpur">aéroport international de Kuala Lumpur</a> est un des plus importants aéroports d'Asie. La compagnie aérienne nationale de la Malaisie est la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malaysia Airlines">Malaysia Airlines</a>. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <h2 id="Démographie">Démographie</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malaisie&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Démographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Malaysia-demography.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Malaysia-demography.png/220px-Malaysia-demography.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="426"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 129px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Malaysia-demography.png/220px-Malaysia-demography.png" data-width="220" data-height="129" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Malaysia-demography.png/330px-Malaysia-demography.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Malaysia-demography.png/440px-Malaysia-demography.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Évolution de la démographie entre 1961 et 2003, en milliers d'habitants (chiffres de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organisation_des_Nations_unies_pour_l%27alimentation_et_l%27agriculture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture">FAO</a>, 2005). </figcaption> </figure> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9mographie_de_la_Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Démographie de la Malaisie">Démographie de la Malaisie</a>. </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Malaisie_P%C3%A9ninsul_chinois_2010.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Malaisie_P%C3%A9ninsul_chinois_2010.png/220px-Malaisie_P%C3%A9ninsul_chinois_2010.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1407" data-file-height="1382"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 216px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Malaisie_P%C3%A9ninsul_chinois_2010.png/220px-Malaisie_P%C3%A9ninsul_chinois_2010.png" data-width="220" data-height="216" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Malaisie_P%C3%A9ninsul_chinois_2010.png/330px-Malaisie_P%C3%A9ninsul_chinois_2010.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Malaisie_P%C3%A9ninsul_chinois_2010.png/440px-Malaisie_P%C3%A9ninsul_chinois_2010.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Proportion de citoyens malaisiens d'ethnie chinoise par district lors du recensement de 2010. </figcaption> </figure> La banque mondiale estime que la population atteint en 2021 les 32 776 000 d'habitants<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41">[41]</a>. Le nom de « Malaisie » vient de « <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malais_(peuple)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malais (peuple)">Malais</a> », qui désigne le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ethnie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ethnie">groupe ethnique</a> majoritaire (62 %) du pays. Les Malais ne sont pas les uniques citoyens de la fédération. Il y a environ 22 % de Malaisiens d'origine <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diaspora_chinoise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diaspora chinoise">chinoise</a> et 6 % d'origine <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diaspora_indienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diaspora indienne">indienne</a>, dont les ancêtres se sont établis il y a plusieurs générations<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42">[42]</a>. Il y a, en outre, les « <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orang_Asli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orang Asli">Orang Asli</a> » (populations <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indig%C3%A8ne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indigène">autochtones</a>). L'origine ethnique des citoyens, malaise, chinoise, tamoule et autres est mentionnée sur la carte d'identité et le passeport. On trouve des minorités eurasiennes à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malacca_(ville)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malacca (ville)">Malacca</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Penang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Penang">Penang</a>. On retrouve cette situation dans d'autres pays multiethniques d'Asie, où le nom du pays est tiré de celui de l'ethnie majoritaire (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Birmanie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Birmanie">Birmanie</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Laos">Laos</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tha%C3%AFlande?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thaïlande">Thaïlande</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vi%C3%AAt_Nam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Viêt Nam">Viêt Nam</a>). Pour cette raison, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gentil%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gentilé">gentilé</a> pour la Malaisie est Malaisien. La population malaisienne est jeune et en expansion (elle a doublé entre 1970 et 2000). Le taux de natalité des Malais est supérieur à celui des autres groupes ethniques. La population réside aux 3/4 dans la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%A9ninsule_Malaise?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Péninsule Malaise">péninsule Malaise</a>. 35 % de la population sait parler l'anglais, langue en constante progression, surtout chez les plus jeunes. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <h2 id="Langues">Langues</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malaisie&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Langues" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Langues_en_Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Langues en Malaisie">Langues en Malaisie</a>. </div> </div> La principale langue utilisée en Malaisie est le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisien_(langue)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malaisien (langue)">malaisien</a>, qui est la seule ayant statut de langue officielle. Étant donné que plusieurs ethnies se côtoient, on pourrait résumer que les langues les plus utilisées sont le malaisien, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cantonais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cantonais">cantonais</a>, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mandarin_(langue)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mandarin (langue)">mandarin</a>, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tamoul?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tamoul">tamoul</a> et l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglais">anglais</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire">[réf. nécessaire]</a>. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <h2 id="Religions">Religions</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malaisie&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Religions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islam_en_Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islam en Malaisie">Islam en Malaisie</a>. </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Hong_San_Si_%E9%B3%AF%E5%B1%B1%E5%AF%BA_-_panoramio.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Hong_San_Si_%E9%B3%AF%E5%B1%B1%E5%AF%BA_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Hong_San_Si_%E9%B3%AF%E5%B1%B1%E5%AF%BA_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="908" data-file-height="681"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Hong_San_Si_%E9%B3%AF%E5%B1%B1%E5%AF%BA_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Hong_San_Si_%E9%B3%AF%E5%B1%B1%E5%AF%BA_-_panoramio.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Hong_San_Si_%E9%B3%AF%E5%B1%B1%E5%AF%BA_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Hong_San_Si_%E9%B3%AF%E5%B1%B1%E5%AF%BA_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Hong_San_Si_%E9%B3%AF%E5%B1%B1%E5%AF%BA_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Hong_San_Si_%E9%B3%AF%E5%B1%B1%E5%AF%BA_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Temple <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tao%C3%AFsme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taoïsme">taoïste</a> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perak">Perak</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Taipusam_Batu_Caves,_2012_-_panoramio_(6).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Taipusam_Batu_Caves%2C_2012_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg/220px-Taipusam_Batu_Caves%2C_2012_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2500"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 138px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Taipusam_Batu_Caves%2C_2012_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg/220px-Taipusam_Batu_Caves%2C_2012_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="138" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Taipusam_Batu_Caves%2C_2012_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg/330px-Taipusam_Batu_Caves%2C_2012_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Taipusam_Batu_Caves%2C_2012_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg/440px-Taipusam_Batu_Caves%2C_2012_-_panoramio_%286%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thaipusam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thaipusam">Thaipusam</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Putra_Mosque_1.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Image de la mosquée de Putra située dans la ville de Putrajaya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Putra_Mosque_1.jpg/220px-Putra_Mosque_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3878" data-file-height="5809"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 330px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Putra_Mosque_1.jpg/220px-Putra_Mosque_1.jpg" data-alt="Image de la mosquée de Putra située dans la ville de Putrajaya" data-width="220" data-height="330" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Putra_Mosque_1.jpg/330px-Putra_Mosque_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Putra_Mosque_1.jpg/440px-Putra_Mosque_1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mosqu%C3%A9e_Putra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mosquée Putra">Mosquée Putra</a> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Putrajaya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Putrajaya">Putrajaya</a> </figcaption> </figure> L'article 3, paragraphe 1 de la constitution malaisienne dispose que : « L'islam est la religion de la Fédération. D'autres religions sont aussi pratiquées dans toutes les parties de la Fédération. » La <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Religion_d%27%C3%89tat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Religion d'État">religion d'État</a> est l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islam">islam</a> du courant <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sunnisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sunnisme">sunnite</a> et de l'école <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chaf%C3%A9isme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chaféisme">chaféite</a>, observé principalement par la majorité malaise (63,5 % de la population, selon le recensement de 2020<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cia-4">[4]</a>). Le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bouddhisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bouddhisme">bouddhisme</a> est pratiqué par 18,7 % de la population, principalement au sein de la communauté chinoise, alors que 9,1% de la population est chrétienne et 6,1 % est <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hindouisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hindouisme">hindoue</a><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cia-4">[4]</a>. La population hindoue du pays a des origines différentes : environ la moitié des hindous de Malaisie sont originaires du pays. L'hindouisme était la religion majoritaire de ce qui correspond aujourd'hui à la Malaisie, avant 1600. L'autre moitié des Hindous de Malaisie est originaire d'Inde, constituée de descendants de Tamouls originaires du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tamil_Nadu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>. Il y a aussi des hindous originaires d'autres états de l'Inde, comme des Bengalis, du Bengale, mais dont le nombre est plus restreint. Souvent, les hindous de Malaisie revendiquent un chiffre bien plus haut que les 6,3 % d'Hindous officiels enregistrés en Malaisie, car 14 % de la population en Malaisie parlaient la langue tamoule, en 2003, et du fait que seulement une partie des hindous de Malaisie sont tamouls, ce qui laisserait envisager un nombre bien plus important d'hindous. La présence du christianisme est ancienne. On trouve des chrétiens (à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Penang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Penang">Penang</a> notamment, ainsi qu'à Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh et Malacca, siège d'un épiscopat catholique longtemps administré par les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Missions_%C3%A9trang%C3%A8res_de_Paris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Missions étrangères de Paris">Missions étrangères de Paris</a>). Des animistes, sont également présents, principalement au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sarawak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a> et au <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sabah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sabah">Sabah</a>. Selon la constitution, bien que les non-musulmans aient en théorie droit à la liberté de croyance, ils restent victimes au quotidien de sévères restrictions dans la pratique de leurs cultes et du prosélytisme de leur foi. Les musulmans n'ont par ailleurs pas le droit de changer de religion et l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apostasie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apostasie">apostasie</a> est très sévèrement punie selon les États, pouvant varier de séjour en prison à la peine de mort<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43">[43]</a>. Dans l'État du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Selangor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Selangor">Selangor</a>, 35 termes islamiques sont interdits d'usage aux non-musulmans aussi bien oralement que par écrit<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44">[44]</a>. En cas de plainte formelle, le non-musulman déclaré coupable se verra infliger une amende de 3 000 MYR (soit 700 euros). En octobre 2013, la Cour d'Appel malaisienne valide l'interdiction par le gouvernement de l'usage du mot « Allah » par les non-musulmans, infirmant la décision de 2009 d'une Cour de première instance<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45">[45]</a>. Et en janvier 2014, la cour suprême autorise l'utilisation du mot « Allah » dans les bibles écrites en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malais_(langue)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malais (langue)">bahasa melayu</a> ; 30 000 en sont publiées. La Malaisie a également développé une norme pour certifier les produits halal. Les certificats halal sont donc délivrés par une seule institution à savoir le Jakim (Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia) qui est le ministère du développement islamique de la Malaisie<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46">[46]</a>. Il y aurait aussi au moins 100 000 Sikhs (2007) en Malaisie, localisés surtout dans les grandes villes où ils sont souvent commerçants, et représentent environ 0,4 % de la population du pays. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"> <h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malaisie&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Culture_de_la_Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Culture de la Malaisie">Culture de la Malaisie</a>. </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"> <h2 id="Défense_nationale">Défense nationale</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malaisie&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Défense nationale" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"> <div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe"> Article détaillé : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Forces_arm%C3%A9es_malaisiennes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Forces armées malaisiennes">Forces armées malaisiennes</a>. </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"> <h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malaisie&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Sports" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> Le sport le plus populaire de Malaisie est le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Badminton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Badminton">badminton</a>. D'autres sports comme le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sepak_takraw?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sepak takraw">sepak takraw</a>, un jeu de balle extrêmement spectaculaire, sont également pratiqués. Kuala Lumpur a accueilli la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coupe_d%27Asie_masculine_de_hockey_sur_gazon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coupe d'Asie masculine de hockey sur gazon">Coupe d'Asie de hockey sur gazon</a> en 1999, 2003 et 2007. En 2009, la coupe a été disputée à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kuantan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kuantan">Kuantan</a>. De 1999 à 2017, le pays accueille une manche du championnat du monde de Formule 1 sur le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Circuit_international_de_Sepang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Circuit international de Sepang">circuit international de Sepang</a>, dans l'État de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Selangor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Selangor">Selangor</a> près de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A%C3%A9roport_international_de_Kuala_Lumpur?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aéroport international de Kuala Lumpur">aéroport international de Kuala Lumpur</a>. Cela prend fin en 2017 pour des raisons financières<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47">[47]</a>. L'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89quipe_de_Malaisie_de_football?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Équipe de Malaisie de football">équipe nationale de football</a> est membre de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_internationale_de_football_association?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fédération internationale de football association">FIFA</a> et de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_asiatique_de_football?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Confédération asiatique de football">AFC</a>. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"> <h2 id="Notes_et_références">Notes et références</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malaisie&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malaisie&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Références">Références</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malaisie&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-am002-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-am002_1-0">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?LegType%3DAll%2BPrimary%26PageNumber%3D72%26NavFrom%3D2%26parentActiveTextDocId%3D1118475%26ActiveTextDocId%3D1118475%26filesize%3D15776"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Federation of Malaya Independence Act 1957</cite></a> », sur statutelaw.gov.uk.</li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Singapour?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Singapour">Singapour</a> est devenu un pays indépendant le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1965-08-09" data-sort-value="1965-08-09">9 août 1965</time> après son expulsion de la fédération <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/org1469.doc.htm"><cite style="font-style:normal; color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);" lang="en">UNITED NATIONS MEMBER STATES</cite></a> »(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/org1469.doc.htm">Archive.org</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url%3Dhttp://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/org1469.doc.htm">Wikiwix</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.is/http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/org1469.doc.htm">Archive.is</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?hl%3Dfr%26q%3Dcache:http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/org1469.doc.htm">Google</a> • <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Projet:Correction_des_liens_externes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#J'ai_trouv%C3%A9_un_lien_mort,_que_faire_?" title="Projet:Correction des liens externes">Que faire ?</a>), sur un.org.</li> <li id="cite_note-am001-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-am001_3-0">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://untreaty.un.org/unts/1_60000/21/36/00041791.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Nations Unies — Treaty Series — No. 10760 — Accord relatif à la Malaisie</cite></a> » <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d'Adobe">[PDF]</abbr>, Collection des Traités des Nations Unies, Nations Unies, <time class="nowrap" datetime="1963-07" data-sort-value="1963-07">juillet 1963</time> (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2010-07-29" data-sort-value="2010-07-29">29 juillet 2010</time>).</li> <li id="cite_note-cia-4">↑ <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-cia_4-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-cia_4-1">b</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-cia_4-2">c</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/malaysia"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency</cite></a> », sur cia.gov (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-06-21" data-sort-value="2020-06-21">21 juin 2020</time>).</li> <li id="cite_note-fmi-5">↑ <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-fmi_5-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-fmi_5-1">b</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Produit_int%C3%A9rieur_brut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Produit intérieur brut">PIB</a> à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parit%C3%A9_de_pouvoir_d%27achat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parité de pouvoir d'achat">parité de pouvoir d'achat</a>, d'après le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fonds_mon%C3%A9taire_international?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fonds monétaire international">Fonds monétaire international</a> (FMI).</li> <li id="cite_note-FMI-6">↑ <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FMI_6-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FMI_6-1">b</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fonds_mon%C3%A9taire_international?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fonds monétaire international">Fonds monétaire international</a>, World Economic Outlook Database - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2022/April/weo-report">Données pour l'année 2022.</a></li> <li id="cite_note-hdr2021-22-7">↑ <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-hdr2021-22_7-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-hdr2021-22_7-1">b</a> <cite class="italique">Rapport sur le développement humain 2021/2022 : Temps incertains, vies bouleversées : façonner notre avenir dans un monde en mutation</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_York?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New York">New York</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Programme_des_Nations_unies_pour_le_d%C3%A9veloppement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Programme des Nations unies pour le développement">Programme des Nations unies pour le développement</a>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-09" data-sort-value="2022-09">septembre 2022</time>, 337 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-92-1-126452-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-92-1-126452-4">978-92-1-126452-4</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hdr.undp.org/content/human-development-report-2021-22">lire en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rapport+sur+le+d%C3%A9veloppement+humain+2021%2F2022&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Programme+des+Nations+unies+pour+le+d%C3%A9veloppement&rft.stitle=Temps+incertains%2C+vies+boulevers%C3%A9es+%3A+fa%C3%A7onner+notre+avenir+dans+un+monde+en+mutation&rft.date=2022-09&rft.tpages=337&rft.isbn=978-92-1-126452-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMalaisie">.</li> <li id="cite_note-Gini_BM-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Gini_BM_8-0">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?most_recent_value_desc%3Dfalse"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Gini index</cite></a> », sur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banque_mondiale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Banque mondiale">Banque mondiale</a> (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-04-24" data-sort-value="2023-04-24">24 avril 2023</time>).</li> <li id="cite_note-IPE2022-9"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-IPE2022_9-0">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Martin J. Wolf, John W. Emerson, Daniel C. Esty, Alex de Sherbinin, Zachary A. Wendling <abbr class="abbr" title="et alii (et d’autres)">et al.</abbr>, <cite class="italique" lang="en">2022 Environmental Performance Index</cite>, New Haven, Connecticut, États-Unis, Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy, <time>2022</time>, 192 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://epi.yale.edu/downloads/epi2022report06062022.pdf">lire en ligne</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d'Adobe">[PDF]</abbr>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2022+Environmental+Performance+Index&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+Connecticut%2C+%C3%89tats-Unis&rft.pub=Yale+Center+for+Environmental+Law+%26+Policy&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=Martin+J.&rft.au=John+W.+Emerson&rft.au=Daniel+C.+Esty&rft.au=Alex+de+Sherbinin&rft.au=Zachary+A.+Wendling&rft.date=2022&rft.tpages=192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMalaisie">.</li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">↑</a> Nam H. Nguyen, <cite class="italique">L'évolution du monde Factbook 2018 En français : The Evolution of The World Factbook 2018 In French</cite>, Nam H. Nguyen, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-02-28" data-sort-value="2018-02-28">28 février 2018</time> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.fr/books?id%3DY25ODwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT1758%26q%3Df%2525C3%2525A9d%2525C3%2525A9ration%252520de%252520Malaisie%25252C%252520nom%252520forme%252520longue">lire en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27%C3%A9volution+du+monde+Factbook+2018+En+fran%C3%A7ais+%3A+The+Evolution+of+The+World+Factbook+2018+In+French&rft.pub=Nam+H.+Nguyen&rft.aulast=Nguyen&rft.aufirst=Nam+H.&rft.date=2018-02-28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMalaisie">.</li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">↑</a> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.btb.termiumplus.gc.ca/tpv2guides/guides/chroniq/index-fra.html?lang%3Dfra%26lettr%3Dindx_autr8BCBpTlSsHMg%26page%3D9Ej9L6SWny_0.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Traduire le monde : Malaisie ou Malaysia?</cite></a> », sur Bureau de la traduction, Canada, L’Actualité terminologique, <time>1998</time>.</li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">↑</a> Rodolphe de Koninck, <cite class="italique">L'Asie du Sud-Est</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armand_Colin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armand Colin">Armand Colin</a>, <time>2012</time> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dtexe6pALAdUC%26pg%3DPT153">lire en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Asie+du+Sud-Est&rft.pub=Armand+Colin&rft.au=Rodolphe+de+Koninck&rft.date=2012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMalaisie">.</li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">↑</a> Jean-François Leroy, « <cite style="font-style:normal">VIII. Les divisions ethno- et biogéographiques du Pacifique</cite> », Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquée, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 31, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">no</abbr> 339,‎ <time>1951</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> 90–94 (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/0370-5412">0370-5412</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.3406/jatba.1951.6746">10.3406/jatba.1951.6746</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.persee.fr/doc/jatba_0370-5412_1951_num_31_339_6746">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-06-14" data-sort-value="2021-06-14">14 juin 2021</time>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=VIII.+Les+divisions+ethno-+et+biog%C3%A9ographiques+du+Pacifique&rft.jtitle=Journal+d%27agriculture+traditionnelle+et+de+botanique+appliqu%C3%A9e&rft.issue=339&rft.aulast=Leroy&rft.aufirst=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.date=1951&rft.volume=31&rft.pages=90%E2%80%9394&rft.issn=0370-5412&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fjatba.1951.6746&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMalaisie"></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">↑</a> Chris Harman, Une histoire populaire de l'humanité, La Découverte, 2015, pages 602</li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">↑</a> « <cite style="font-style:normal">La Malaisie a réussi à sortir seule de la crise asiatique</cite> », lesechos.fr,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2001-04-25" data-sort-value="2001-04-25">25 avril 2001</time> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lesechos.fr/25/04/2001/LesEchos/18391-165-ECH_la-malaisie-a-reussi-a-sortir-seule-de-la-crise-asiatique.htm">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-12-07" data-sort-value="2017-12-07">7 décembre 2017</time>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=La+Malaisie+a+r%C3%A9ussi+%C3%A0+sortir+seule+de+la+crise+asiatique&rft.jtitle=lesechos.fr&rft.date=2001-04-25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMalaisie">.</li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">↑</a> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.rtbf.be/info/economie/detail_scandale-en-malaisie-l-ex-premier-ministre-najib-razak-condamne-a-12-ans-de-prison?id%3D10550846"><cite style="font-style:normal; color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">Scandale en Malaisie : l'ex-Premier ministre Najib Razak condamné à 12 ans de prison</cite></a> »(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.rtbf.be/info/economie/detail_scandale-en-malaisie-l-ex-premier-ministre-najib-razak-condamne-a-12-ans-de-prison?id%3D10550846">Archive.org</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url%3Dhttps://www.rtbf.be/info/economie/detail_scandale-en-malaisie-l-ex-premier-ministre-najib-razak-condamne-a-12-ans-de-prison?id%3D10550846">Wikiwix</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.is/https://www.rtbf.be/info/economie/detail_scandale-en-malaisie-l-ex-premier-ministre-najib-razak-condamne-a-12-ans-de-prison?id%3D10550846">Archive.is</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?hl%3Dfr%26q%3Dcache:https://www.rtbf.be/info/economie/detail_scandale-en-malaisie-l-ex-premier-ministre-najib-razak-condamne-a-12-ans-de-prison?id%3D10550846">Google</a> • <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Projet:Correction_des_liens_externes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#J'ai_trouv%C3%A9_un_lien_mort,_que_faire_?" title="Projet:Correction des liens externes">Que faire ?</a>), sur rtbf.be, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-07-28" data-sort-value="2020-07-28">28 juillet 2020</time> (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-07-28" data-sort-value="2020-07-28">28 juillet 2020</time>).</li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">↑</a> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2020/07/28/scandale-de-corruption-1mdb-l-ex-premier-ministre-malaisien-najib-razak-declare-coupable_6047470_3210.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Scandale de corruption 1MDB : l’ex-premier ministre malaisien Najib Razak déclaré coupable</cite></a> », sur Le Monde.fr, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-07-28" data-sort-value="2020-07-28">28 juillet 2020</time> (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-07-28" data-sort-value="2020-07-28">28 juillet 2020</time>).</li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">↑</a> <cite class="italique">Le Bilan du Monde</cite>, Paris, Société éditrice du Monde SA, <time>2023</time> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-36804-132-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-36804-132-1">978-2-36804-132-1</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Bilan+du+Monde&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+%C3%A9ditrice+du+Monde+SA&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-2-36804-132-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMalaisie"></li> <li id="cite_note-FD-19">↑ <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FD_19-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FD_19-1">b</a> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/malaisie/presentation-de-la-malaisie/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Présentation de la Malaisie</cite></a> », sur France Diplomatie : : Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-06-09" data-sort-value="2017-06-09">9 juin 2017</time>).</li> <li id="cite_note-Mocci-20">↑ <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Mocci_20-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Mocci_20-1">b</a> « <cite style="font-style:normal">Malaisie</cite> », Le Moci,‎ <time>2017</time> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.lemoci.com/fiche-pays/malaisie/">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-06-09" data-sort-value="2017-06-09">9 juin 2017</time>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Malaisie&rft.jtitle=Le+Moci&rft.date=2017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMalaisie">.</li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">↑</a> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/fr/details.jsp?id%3D6823"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Malaisie: Constitution de la Malaisie</cite></a> », sur wipo.int (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-06-09" data-sort-value="2017-06-09">9 juin 2017</time>).</li> <li id="cite_note-sénat-22">↑ <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-s%C3%A9nat_22-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-s%C3%A9nat_22-1">b</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-s%C3%A9nat_22-2">c</a> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.senat.fr/senatsdumonde/malaisie.html"><cite style="font-style:normal; color:var(--color-link-red, #d73333);">MALAISIE : DEWAN NEGARA - LE SÉNAT - Sénat</cite></a> »(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.senat.fr/senatsdumonde/malaisie.html">Archive.org</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/?url%3Dhttp://www.senat.fr/senatsdumonde/malaisie.html">Wikiwix</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.is/http://www.senat.fr/senatsdumonde/malaisie.html">Archive.is</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?hl%3Dfr%26q%3Dcache:http://www.senat.fr/senatsdumonde/malaisie.html">Google</a> • <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Projet:Correction_des_liens_externes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#J'ai_trouv%C3%A9_un_lien_mort,_que_faire_?" title="Projet:Correction des liens externes">Que faire ?</a>), sur senat.fr (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-06-09" data-sort-value="2017-06-09">9 juin 2017</time>).</li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">↑</a> Laurent Metzger, <cite class="italique">Les sultanats de Malaisie : un régime monarchique au vingtième siècle</cite>, Paris, Harmattan, <time>1994</time>, 261 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-7384-2382-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-7384-2382-5">2-7384-2382-5</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/fr/title/32627200">32627200</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/32627200">lire en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+sultanats+de+Malaisie&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Harmattan&rft.stitle=un+r%C3%A9gime+monarchique+au+vingti%C3%A8me+si%C3%A8cle&rft.aulast=Metzger&rft.aufirst=Laurent&rft.date=1994&rft.tpages=261&rft.isbn=2-7384-2382-5&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F32627200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMalaisie">.</li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">↑</a> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/asie-pacifique/20211208-malaisie-l-ex-premier-ministre-najib-razak-condamn%25C3%25A9-%25C3%25A0-nouveau-pour-corruption-mais-reste-populaire"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Malaisie: l’ex-Premier ministre Najib Razak condamné à nouveau pour corruption mais reste populaire</cite></a> », sur RFI, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-12-08" data-sort-value="2021-12-08">8 décembre 2021</time> (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-12-19" data-sort-value="2021-12-19">19 décembre 2021</time>)</li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Hybrid Regimes - Political Science</cite> », Oxford Bibliographies - obo,‎ <time>2015</time> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199756223/obo-9780199756223-0167.xml">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-06-17" data-sort-value="2017-06-17">17 juin 2017</time>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hybrid+Regimes+-+Political+Science&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Bibliographies+-+obo&rft.date=2015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMalaisie">.</li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">↑</a> Diane Éthier, « <cite style="font-style:normal">«L'imposition de la démocratie a-t-elle été l'exception ou la règle depuis 1945?»</cite> », Études Internationales,‎ <time>2010</time><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%C2%ABL%27imposition+de+la+d%C3%A9mocratie+a-t-elle+%C3%A9t%C3%A9+l%27exception+ou+la+r%C3%A8gle+depuis+1945%3F%C2%BB&rft.jtitle=%C3%89tudes+Internationales&rft.aulast=%C3%89thier&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft.date=2010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMalaisie">.</li> <li id="cite_note-aibf-27">↑ <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-aibf_27-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-aibf_27-1">b</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-aibf_27-2">c</a> « <cite style="font-style:normal">MALAISIE | Amnesty International Belgique Francophone</cite> », Amnesty International Belgique Francophone,‎ <time>2016</time> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.amnesty.be/infos/rapports-annuels/rapport-annuel-2016/asie-et-pacifique/article/malaisie">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-06-10" data-sort-value="2017-06-10">10 juin 2017</time>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=MALAISIE+%7C+Amnesty+International+Belgique+Francophone&rft.jtitle=Amnesty+International+Belgique+Francophone&rft.date=2016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMalaisie">.</li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-28">↑</a> « <cite style="font-style:normal">Les droits fondamentaux et l"apostasie de l"islam - Point de Bascule Canada</cite> », Point de Bascule Canada,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2008-01-23" data-sort-value="2008-01-23">23 janvier 2008</time> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://pointdebasculecanada.ca/les-droits-fondamentaux-et-lapostasie-de-lislam/">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-06-10" data-sort-value="2017-06-10">10 juin 2017</time>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Les+droits+fondamentaux+et+l%22apostasie+de+l%22islam+-+Point+de+Bascule+Canada&rft.jtitle=Point+de+Bascule+Canada&rft.date=2008-01-23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMalaisie">.</li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">↑</a> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://asialyst.com/fr/2016/04/07/malaisie-lutte-contre-le-fondamentalisme-a-geometrie-variable/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Malaisie : lutte contre le fondamentalisme à géométrie variable</cite></a> », sur Asialyst, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-04-07" data-sort-value="2016-04-07">7 avril 2016</time> (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-08-22" data-sort-value="2019-08-22">22 août 2019</time>)</li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">↑</a> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rsf.org/fr/malaisie"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Malaisie : La presse indépendante jugée « séditieuse » par le pouvoir</cite></a> », sur RSF (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-04-26" data-sort-value="2018-04-26">26 avril 2018</time>).</li> <li id="cite_note-FLII_Supplementary-31"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FLII_Supplementary_31-0">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> H. S. Grantham, A. Duncan, T. D. Evans, K. R. Jones, H. L. Beyer, R. Schuster, J. Walston, J. C. Ray, J. G. Robinson, M. Callow, T. Clements, H. M. Costa, A. DeGemmis, P. R. Elsen, J. Ervin, P. Franco, E. Goldman, S. Goetz, A. Hansen, E. Hofsvang, P. Jantz, S. Jupiter, A. Kang, P. Langhammer, W. F. Laurance, S. Lieberman, M. Linkie, Y. Malhi, S. Maxwell, M. Mendez, R. Mittermeier, N. J. Murray, H. Possingham, J. Radachowsky, S. Saatchi, C. Samper, J. Silverman, A. Shapiro, B. Strassburg, T. Stevens, E. Stokes, R. Taylor, T. Tear, R. Tizard, O. Venter, P. Visconti, S. Wang et J. E. M. Watson, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity - Supplementary material</cite> », Nature Communications, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 11, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">no</abbr> 1,‎ <time>2020</time> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/2041-1723">2041-1723</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3">10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Anthropogenic+modification+of+forests+means+only+40%25+of+remaining+forests+have+high+ecosystem+integrity+-+Supplementary+material&rft.jtitle=Nature+Communications&rft.issue=1&rft.aulast=Grantham&rft.aufirst=H.+S.&rft.au=Duncan%2C+A.&rft.au=Evans%2C+T.+D.&rft.au=Jones%2C+K.+R.&rft.au=Beyer%2C+H.+L.&rft.au=Schuster%2C+R.&rft.au=Walston%2C+J.&rft.au=Ray%2C+J.+C.&rft.au=Robinson%2C+J.+G.&rft.au=Callow%2C+M.&rft.au=Clements%2C+T.&rft.au=Costa%2C+H.+M.&rft.au=DeGemmis%2C+A.&rft.au=Elsen%2C+P.+R.&rft.au=Ervin%2C+J.&rft.au=Franco%2C+P.&rft.au=Goldman%2C+E.&rft.au=Goetz%2C+S.&rft.au=Hansen%2C+A.&rft.au=Hofsvang%2C+E.&rft.date=2020&rft.volume=11&rft.issn=2041-1723&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41467-020-19493-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMalaisie"></li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> P.S. Green, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">A revision of Olea</cite> », Kew Bulletin, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">no</abbr> 57,‎ <time>2002</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> 91 - 140<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+revision+of+%27%27Olea%27%27&rft.jtitle=Kew+Bulletin&rft.issue=57&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=P.S.&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=91+-+140&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMalaisie">.</li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-33">↑</a> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/chine/le-recyclage-mondial-en-plein-chaos-depuis-que-la-chine-ne-veut-plus-etre-la-poubelle-du-monde_3411297.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Le recyclage mondial en plein chaos depuis que la Chine ne veut plus être la poubelle du monde</cite></a> », sur Franceinfo, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-04-23" data-sort-value="2019-04-23">23 avril 2019</time> (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-01-15" data-sort-value="2020-01-15">15 janvier 2020</time>)</li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-34">↑</a> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://asialyst.com/fr/2019/04/27/recycles-non-dechets-plastiques-inondent-asie-sud-et/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Recyclés ? Non, nos déchets plastiques inondent l'Asie du Sud-Est</cite></a> », sur Asialyst, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-04-27" data-sort-value="2019-04-27">27 avril 2019</time></li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-35">↑</a> Sylvie Kauffmann, « <cite style="font-style:normal">En 2020, la Malaisie sera un pays développé...</cite> », Le Monde.fr,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2007-02-16" data-sort-value="2007-02-16">16 février 2007</time> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://portal.issn.org/resource/issn/1950-6244">1950-6244</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2007/02/16/en-2020-la-malaisie-sera-un-pays-developpe_866187_3234.html">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-04-10" data-sort-value="2017-04-10">10 avril 2017</time>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=En+2020%2C+la+Malaisie+sera+un+pays+d%C3%A9velopp%C3%A9...&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde.fr&rft.aulast=Kauffmann&rft.aufirst=Sylvie&rft.date=2007-02-16&rft.issn=1950-6244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMalaisie">.</li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-36">↑</a> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wipo.int/fr/web/global-innovation-index/2024/index"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Indice mondial de l’innovation 2024 : Quelles sont les économies les plus innovantes en 2024?</cite></a> », sur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organisation_mondiale_de_la_propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9_intellectuelle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organisation mondiale de la propriété intellectuelle">Organisation mondiale de la propriété intellectuelle</a>, <time>2024</time> (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-11-15" data-sort-value="2024-11-15">15 novembre 2024</time>)</li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-37">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://atlas.cid.harvard.edu/explore/tree_map/export/mys/show/all/2014/?prod_class%3Dsitc4%26details_treemap%3D2%26disable_widgets%3Dfalse%26disable_search%3Dfalse%26node_size%3Dnone%26queryActivated%3Dtrue%26yaxis%3Dcurrent%26highlight%3D"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Where did Malaysia export to in 2014?</cite></a> », sur atlas.cid.harvard.edu (consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-03-20" data-sort-value="2017-03-20">20 mars 2017</time>).</li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-38">↑</a> Peter Bengtsen, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Du sang et des larmes sur les gants malaisiens</cite> », Monde diplomatique,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2021-02" data-sort-value="2021-02">février 2021</time> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2021/02/BENGTSEN/62772">lire en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Du+sang+et+des+larmes+sur+les+gants+malaisiens&rft.jtitle=Monde+diplomatique&rft.aulast=Bengtsen&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.date=2021-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMalaisie"></li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-39">↑</a> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2009/04/03/01011-20090403FILWWW00533-l-uruguay-ne-sera-plus-un-paradis-fiscal.php"><cite style="font-style:normal;">L'Uruguay ne sera plus un paradis fiscal</cite></a> », sur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Figaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2009-04-03" data-sort-value="2009-04-03">3 avril 2009</time></li> <li id="cite_note-economy2016-40"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-economy2016_40-0">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister's Department, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://maddruid.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/MEIF-2016.pdf"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">The Malaysian Economy in Figures 2016</cite></a> », sur maddruid.com, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Planetary_Society?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Planetary Society">The Planetary Society</a>, <time>2017</time>.</li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-41">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://donnees.banquemondiale.org/pays/malaisie">Site de la banque mondiale</a></li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-42">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Prof. Dato' Dr Hood Salleh, <cite class="italique" lang="en">The Encyclopedia of Malaysia : Peoples and Traditions</cite>, Kuala Lumpur, Didier Millet, <time>2006</time>, 148 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/981-3018-53-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/981-3018-53-4">981-3018-53-4</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Malaysia+%3A+Peoples+and+Traditions&rft.place=Kuala+Lumpur&rft.pub=Didier+Millet&rft.au=Prof.+Dato%27+Dr+Hood+Salleh&rft.date=2006&rft.tpages=148&rft.isbn=981-3018-53-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMalaisie"></li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-43">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Kate Bystrova, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.global-briefing.org/2015/01/malaysias-islamisation/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Malaysia’s Islamisation</cite></a> », <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.global-briefing.org/">http://www.global-briefing.org/</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-44">↑</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> PTI, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.zeenews.com/news596153.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Non-Muslims not to use 35 Islamic terms: Diktat</cite></a> », Zee News, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2010-01-15" data-sort-value="2010-01-15">15 janvier 2010</time>.</li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-45">↑</a> Mathilde Tarif, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.lejournalinternational.fr/Malaisie-Allah-interdit-aux-non-musulmans_a1388.html"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Malaisie : "Allah" interdit aux non-musulmans</cite></a> », sur Le Journal International, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2013-10-26" data-sort-value="2013-10-26">26 octobre 2013</time>.</li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-46">↑</a> Lotfi Bel Hadj, <cite class="italique">La Bible du Halal</cite>, Paris, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_du_Moment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions du Moment">Éditions du Moment</a>, <time>2015</time>, 206 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-35417-333-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-35417-333-3">978-2-35417-333-3</a>), <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 160<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Bible+du+Halal&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+du+Moment&rft.au=Lotfi+Bel+Hadj&rft.date=2015&rft.pages=160&rft.tpages=206&rft.isbn=978-2-35417-333-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMalaisie">.</li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-47">↑</a> « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.lequipe.fr/Formule-1/Actualites/Le-grand-prix-de-malaisie-s-arrete-a-partir-de-2018/791337"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Le Grand Prix de Malaisie s'arrête à partir de 2018</cite></a> », sur lequipe.fr, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-04-07" data-sort-value="2017-04-07">7 avril 2017</time>.</li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"> <h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malaisie&action=edit&section=24&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style> <div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> Sur les autres projets Wikimedia : <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Malaysia?uselang%3Dfr">Malaisie</a>, sur Wikimedia Commons</li> <li class="wiktionary"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/Malaisie" class="extiw" title="wikt:Malaisie">Malaisie</a>, sur le Wiktionnaire</li> <li class="wikisource"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Cat%25C3%25A9gorie:Malaisie" class="extiw" title="s:Catégorie:Malaisie">Malaisie</a>, sur Wikisource</li> <li class="wikinews"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikinews.org/wiki/Cat%25C3%25A9gorie:Malaisie" class="extiw" title="n:Catégorie:Malaisie">Malaisie</a>, sur Wikinews</li> <li class="wikivoyage"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Malaisie" class="extiw" title="voy:Malaisie">Malaisie</a>, sur Wikivoyage</li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malaisie&action=edit&section=25&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <ul> <li>Jérôme Bouchaud, <cite class="italique">Malaisie : Modernité et traditions en Asie du Sud-Est</cite>, Genève, Olizane, <time>2010</time>, 320 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-88086-381-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-88086-381-4">978-2-88086-381-4</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-88086-381-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-88086-381-3">2-88086-381-3</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/fr/title/690686927">690686927</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dk2Pq1UATk6MC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">lire en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Malaisie&rft.place=Gen%C3%A8ve&rft.pub=Olizane&rft.stitle=Modernit%C3%A9+et+traditions+en+Asie+du+Sud-Est&rft.aulast=Bouchaud&rft.aufirst=J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me&rft.date=2010&rft.tpages=320&rft.isbn=978-2-88086-381-4&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F690686927&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMalaisie">.</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_Boulle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pierre Boulle">Pierre Boulle</a>, <cite class="italique">Le sacrilège malais</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Julliard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions Julliard">Éditions Julliard</a>, <time>1990</time> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-266-02810-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-266-02810-3">2-266-02810-3</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-266-02810-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-266-02810-3">978-2-266-02810-3</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://worldcat.org/fr/title/35040884">35040884</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+sacril%C3%A8ge+malais&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Julliard&rft.aulast=Boulle&rft.aufirst=Pierre&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=2-266-02810-3&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F35040884&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMalaisie"></li> <li>Michel Gilquin, <cite class="italique">La Malaisie</cite>, Paris, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karthala?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karthala">Karthala</a>, <time>1996</time>, 174 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-86537-715-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-86537-715-2">978-2-86537-715-2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DoCm2ta0GiQkC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">lire en ligne</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Malaisie&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Karthala&rft.aulast=Gilquin&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft.date=1996&rft.tpages=174&rft.isbn=978-2-86537-715-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMalaisie"></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Chai Lean Huang, <cite class="italique" lang="en">History of Malaysia and Singapore (1400-1965)</cite>, Singapour, Pan Pacific Book en association avec Manhattan Press, <time>1982</time>, 96 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-9971-63-370-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-9971-63-370-7">978-9971-63-370-7</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Malaysia+and+Singapore+%281400-1965%29&rft.place=Singapour&rft.pub=Pan+Pacific+Book+en+association+avec+Manhattan+Press&rft.au=Chai+Lean+Huang&rft.date=1982&rft.tpages=96&rft.isbn=978-9971-63-370-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMalaisie"></li> <li>Laurent Metzger, <cite class="italique">Les sultanats de Malaisie : un régime monarchique au vingtième siècle</cite>, Paris, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_L%27Harmattan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions L'Harmattan">Éditions L'Harmattan</a>, <time>2000</time>, 262 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-7384-2382-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-7384-2382-5">978-2-7384-2382-5</a>)<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+sultanats+de+Malaisie&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+L%27Harmattan&rft.stitle=un+r%C3%A9gime+monarchique+au+vingti%C3%A8me+si%C3%A8cle&rft.aulast=Metzger&rft.aufirst=Laurent&rft.date=2000&rft.tpages=262&rft.isbn=978-2-7384-2382-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AMalaisie"></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malaisie&action=edit&section=26&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cuisine_malaisienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cuisine malaisienne">Cuisine malaisienne</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Litt%C3%A9rature_malaisienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Littérature malaisienne">Littérature malaisienne</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Titres_officiels_malaisiens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Titres officiels malaisiens">Titres officiels malaisiens</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liste_des_dirigeants_des_%C3%89tats_malaisiens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste des dirigeants des États malaisiens">Liste des dirigeants des États malaisiens</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Forces_arm%C3%A9es_malaisiennes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Forces armées malaisiennes">Forces armées malaisiennes</a></li> <li><a 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cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> modifier </a> </div> <ul> <li> <div class="liste-horizontale"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q833?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11945050f">données</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.idref.fr/027400212">IdRef</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79022246">LCCN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://d-nb.info/gnd/4037203-0">GND</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00567491">Japon</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03173300?l%3Den">CiNii</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action%3Ddisplay%26authority_id%3DXX452375">Espagne</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func%3Dfind-b%26local_base%3DNLX10%26find_code%3DUID%26request%3D987007264941505171">Israël</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058616198106706">Catalogne</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://libris.kb.se/auth/153273">Suède</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35323768">Australie</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/99056428">Norvège</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://aut.nkp.cz/ge129933">Tchéquie</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://acervo.bn.br/sophia_web/autoridade/detalhe/000082470">Brésil</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAB202014144">Corée du Sud</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n79-022246">WorldCat</a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li>Ressource relative à la vie publique<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q833?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> : <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://beta.parliament.uk/people/W4eQuHqP">Parlement du Royaume-Uni</a></li> </ul></li> <li>Ressource relative au vivant<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q833?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> : <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/108514">Invasive Species Compendium</a></li> </ul></li> <li>Ressource relative à la santé<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q833?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> : <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui%3DD008296">Medical Subject Headings</a></li> </ul></li> <li>Ressource relative à la bande dessinée<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q833?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> : <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://comicvine.gamespot.com/wd/4020-56293/">Comic Vine</a></li> </ul></li> <li>Ressource relative aux beaux-arts<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q833?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> : <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T053398">Grove Art Online</a></li> </ul></li> <li>Ressource relative à la musique<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q833?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> : <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://musicbrainz.org/area/305d19c7-c040-349c-8d5f-6ac75d2d2a09">MusicBrainz</a></li> </ul></li> <li> <div class="liste-horizontale"> Notices dans des dictionnaires ou encyclopédies généralistes<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q833?uselang%3Dfr%23identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"> <noscript> <img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" data-alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> : <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.britannica.com/place/Malaysia">Britannica</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/malaysia">Brockhaus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://denstoredanske.lex.dk//Malaysia/">Den Store Danske Encyklopædi</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/f/F003420.php">Dictionnaire historique de la Suisse</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/malaysia_(Dizionario-di-Storia)/">Dizionario di Storia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/Malaysia.html">Enciclopedia De Agostini</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id%3D61047">Encyclopédie de l'Ukraine moderne</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.enciclopedia.cat/EC-GEC-0039394.xml">Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/;4169094">Internetowa encyklopedia PWN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://snl.no/Malaysia">Store norske leksikon</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/malaysia">Treccani</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/malaisie/">Universalis</a></li> </ul> </div></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.malaysia.gov.my/portal/index">Portail officiel du gouvernement de la Malaisie</a></li> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.malaysia.travel/">Site officiel du tourisme en Malaisie</a></li> </ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de la Malaisie"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 44px;height: 22px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="44" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/66px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/88px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Malaisie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Malaisie">Portail de la Malaisie</a> </li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Commonwealth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail du Commonwealth"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Commonwealth_Icon.svg/21px-Commonwealth_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="52"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Commonwealth_Icon.svg/21px-Commonwealth_Icon.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="21" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Commonwealth_Icon.svg/31px-Commonwealth_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Commonwealth_Icon.svg/41px-Commonwealth_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Commonwealth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Commonwealth">Portail du Commonwealth</a> </li> </ul>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DMalaisie%26oldid%3D220552737">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Malaisie&oldid=220552737</a> ». </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Malaisie&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Dernière modification le 23 novembre 2024, à 22:30 </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Langues</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0" title="Малаизиа – abkhaze" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Малаизиа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abkhaze" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5" title="Малайзие – adyguéen" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Малайзие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adyguéen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maleisi%25C3%25AB" title="Maleisië – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Maleisië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2588%259B%25E1%2588%258C%25E1%258B%25A2%25E1%258B%25AB" title="ማሌዢያ – amharique" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ማሌዢያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharique" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaisia" title="Malaisia – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Malaisia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%25C3%25A6gsia" title="Malægsia – ancien anglais" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Malægsia" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="ancien anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="मलेशिया – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मलेशिया" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25B2%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7" title="ماليزيا – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماليزيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25B2%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7" title="ماليزيا – arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ماليزيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25B2%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7" title="ماليزيا – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ماليزيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%259B%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="মালয়েছিয়া – assamais" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মালয়েছিয়া" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamais" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malasia" title="Malasia – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Malasia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="मलेशिया – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="मलेशिया" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malasya" title="Malasya – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Malasya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayziya" title="Malayziya – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Malayziya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B2%25DB%258C" title="مالزی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مالزی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Малайзия – bachkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Малайзия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bachkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – balinais" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – bavarois" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarois" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaiz%25C4%2597j%25C4%2597" title="Malaizėjė – samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Malaizėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaisia" title="Malaisia – batak toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Malaisia" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="batak toba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Toba</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malasya" title="Malasya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Malasya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bajau Sama</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B7%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Малайзія – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Малайзія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B7%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Малайзія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Малайзія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%25C3%25A9sia" title="Malésia – betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Malésia" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Малайзия – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Малайзия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="मलेशिया – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मलेशिया" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malesia" title="Malesia – bichelamar" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Malesia" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bichelamar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%25B1%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%25BB%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2581%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2591%25E1%2580%25AE" title="မလေးသျားခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="မလေးသျားခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25B6%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="মালয়েশিয়া – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মালয়েশিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%2598%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A3%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A4%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A1%25E0%25BC%258D" title="མ་ལ་ཤི་ཡ། – tibétain" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="མ་ལ་ཤི་ཡ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibétain" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AE%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%25B6%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BC%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="মালয়েশিয়া – bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মালয়েশিয়া" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malezija" title="Malezija – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Malezija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25A8%2586%25E1%25A8%2592%25E1%25A8%2595%25E1%25A8%2597%25E1%25A8%2594%25E1%25A8%2597%25E1%25A8%2595" title="ᨆᨒᨕᨗᨔᨗᨕ – bugi" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨆᨒᨕᨗᨔᨗᨕ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="bugi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Ugi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8" title="Малайзи – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Малайзи" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%25C3%25A0isia" title="Malàisia – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Malàisia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%25C4%2581-l%25C3%25A0i-s%25C4%2583%25CC%25A4-%25C4%2581" title="Mā-lài-să̤-ā – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Mā-lài-să̤-ā" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8" title="Малайзи – tchétchène" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Малайзи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tchétchène" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiya" title="Malaysiya – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Malaysiya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chamoru</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258E%25B9%25E1%258E%25B4%25E1%258F%258F%25E1%258E%25A2%25E1%258E%25A0" title="ᎹᎴᏏᎢᎠ – cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎹᎴᏏᎢᎠ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25B2%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7" title="مالیزیا – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مالیزیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – corse" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corse" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayziya" title="Malayziya – tatar de Crimée" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Malayziya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tatar de Crimée" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malajsie" title="Malajsie – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Malajsie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malezj%25C3%25B4" title="Malezjô – kachoube" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Malezjô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kachoube" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8" title="Малайзи – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Малайзи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maleisia" title="Maleisia – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Maleisia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="article recommandé"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%25C3%25AAzya" title="Malêzya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Malêzya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayzija" title="Malayzija – bas-sorabe" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Malayzija" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="bas-sorabe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – dusun central" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="dusun central" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kadazandusun</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="मलेसिया – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="मलेसिया" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DE%2589%25DE%25AC%25DE%258D%25DE%25AD%25DE%259D%25DE%25A8%25DE%2594%25DE%25A7" title="މެލޭޝިޔާ – maldivien" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މެލޭޝިޔާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="maldivien" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%2598%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A3%25E0%25BD%25BA%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A4%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A1%25E0%25BC%258B" title="མ་ལེ་ཤི་ཡ་ – dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="མ་ལེ་ཤི་ཡ་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target">ཇོང་ཁ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%259C%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B1%25CE%25B9%25CF%2583%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1" title="Μαλαισία – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μαλαισία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bon article"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malajzio" title="Malajzio – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Malajzio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malasia" title="Malasia – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Malasia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaisia" title="Malaisia – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Malaisia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malasia" title="Malasia – estrémègne" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Malasia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estrémègne" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B2%25DB%258C" title="مالزی – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مالزی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiya" title="Malaysiya – peul" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Malaysiya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="peul" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="article recommandé"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malesia" title="Malesia – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Malesia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaisia" title="Malaisia – võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Malaisia" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malesia" title="Malesia – fidjien" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Malesia" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fidjien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaisia" title="Malaisia – féroïen" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Malaisia" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="féroïen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%25C3%25A8sie" title="Malèsie – francoprovençal" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Malèsie" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovençal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maleizje" title="Maleizje – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Maleizje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Mhalaeisia" title="An Mhalaeisia – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Mhalaeisia" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayziya" title="Malayziya – gagaouze" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Malayziya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagaouze" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E9%25A6%25AC%25E4%25BE%2586%25E8%25A5%25BF%25E4%25BA%259E" title="馬來西亞 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="馬來西亞" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%25C3%25A9zi" title="Malézi – créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Malézi" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaidhsia" title="Malaidhsia – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Malaidhsia" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaisia" title="Malaisia – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Malaisia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%25C3%25A1sia" title="Malásia – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Malásia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="मलेशिया – konkani de Goa" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="मलेशिया" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="konkani de Goa" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Hulontalo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25F0%2590%258C%25BC%25F0%2590%258C%25B0%25F0%2590%258C%25BB%25F0%2590%258C%25B0%25F0%2590%258C%25B9%25F0%2590%258D%2583%25F0%2590%258C%25B9%25F0%2590%258C%25B0" title="𐌼𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌹𐌰 – gotique" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌼𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌹𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gotique" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AA%25AE%25E0%25AA%25B2%25E0%25AB%2587%25E0%25AA%25B6%25E0%25AA%25BF%25E0%25AA%25AF%25E0%25AA%25BE" title="મલેશિયા – goudjarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મલેશિયા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="goudjarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Valaysia" title="Yn Valaysia – mannois" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Valaysia" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannois" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maleshiya" title="Maleshiya – haoussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Maleshiya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haoussa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%25C3%25A2-l%25C3%25B2i-s%25C3%25AE-%25C3%25A2" title="Mâ-lòi-sî-â – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Mâ-lòi-sî-â" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaisia" title="Malaisia – hawaïen" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Malaisia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaïen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%259E%25D7%259C%25D7%2596%25D7%2599%25D7%2594" title="מלזיה – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מלזיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="मलेशिया – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मलेशिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – hindi fidjien" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi fidjien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malezija" title="Malezija – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Malezija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malajzija" title="Malajzija – haut-sorabe" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Malajzija" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="haut-sorabe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malezi" title="Malezi – créole haïtien" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Malezi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="créole haïtien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malajzia" title="Malajzia – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Malajzia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2584%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AC%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B5%25D5%25A6%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A1" title="Մալայզիա – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մալայզիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2584%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AC%25D5%25A5%25D5%25A6%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A1" title="Մալեզիա – arménien occidental" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Մալեզիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="arménien occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaisia" title="Malaisia – inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Malaisia" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaizia" title="Malaizia – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Malaizia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malas%25C3%25ADa" title="Malasía – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Malasía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%259E%25E3%2583%25AC%25E3%2583%25BC%25E3%2582%25B7%25E3%2582%25A2" title="マレーシア – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マレーシア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malieja" title="Malieja – créole jamaïcain" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Malieja" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="créole jamaïcain" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/mejgu%2527e" title="mejgu'e – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="mejgu'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2596%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590" title="მალაიზია – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მალაიზია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayziya" title="Malayziya – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Malayziya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malizya" title="Malizya – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Malizya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D1%258D%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D1%258D" title="Мэлайзиэ – kabarde" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Мэлайзиэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabarde" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%25C9%259B%25C9%259Bzii" title="Malɛɛzii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Malɛɛzii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – kikongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kikongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Малайзия – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Малайзия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%259E%2598%25E1%259F%2589%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259E%25A1%25E1%259F%2581%25E1%259E%259F%25E1%259F%258A%25E1%259E%25B8" title="ម៉ាឡេស៊ី – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ម៉ាឡេស៊ី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%25AE%25E0%25B2%25B2%25E0%25B3%2587%25E0%25B2%25B6%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%25AF" title="ಮಲೇಶಿಯ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಲೇಶಿಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%25A7%2590%25EB%25A0%2588%25EC%259D%25B4%25EC%258B%259C%25EC%2595%2584" title="말레이시아 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="말레이시아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25B4%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7" title="ملیشیا – cachemiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ملیشیا" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="cachemiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malezya" title="Malezya – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Malezya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Малайзия – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Малайзия" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysi" title="Malaysi – cornique" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Malaysi" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornique" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Малайзия – kirghize" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Малайзия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghize" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaesia" title="Malaesia – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Malaesia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malasia" title="Malasia – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Malasia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Малайзия – lezghien" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Малайзия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaisia" title="Malaisia – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Malaisia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maleisi%25C3%25AB" title="Maleisië – limbourgeois" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Maleisië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limbourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaisia" title="Malaisia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Malaisia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Males%25C3%25AD" title="Malesí – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Malesí" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BA%259B%25E0%25BA%25B0%25E0%25BB%2580%25E0%25BA%2597%25E0%25BA%2594%25E0%25BA%25A1%25E0%25BA%25B2%25E0%25BB%2580%25E0%25BA%25A5%25E0%25BB%2580%25E0%25BA%258A%25E0%25BA%258D" title="ປະເທດມາເລເຊຍ – lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດມາເລເຊຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaizija" title="Malaizija – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Malaizija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaizija" title="Malaizija – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Malaizija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – madurais" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madurais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="मलेसिया – maïthili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="मलेसिया" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maïthili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Малайзия – mokcha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Малайзия" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokcha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malezia" title="Malezia – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Malezia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9" title="Малайзий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Малайзий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%25C4%2593hia" title="Marēhia – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Marēhia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Малезија – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Малезија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%25AE%25E0%25B4%25B2%25E0%25B5%2587%25E0%25B4%25B7%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25AF" title="മലേഷ്യ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മലേഷ്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B7" title="Малайз – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Малайз" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25AF%2583%25EA%25AF%2582%25EA%25AF%25A6%25EA%25AF%2581%25EA%25AF%25A4%25EA%25AF%258C%25EA%25AF%25A5" title="ꯃꯂꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯂꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="मलेशिया – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मलेशिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mala%25C5%25BCja" title="Malażja – maltais" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Malażja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%25C3%25A1sia" title="Malásia – mirandais" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Malásia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%25B1%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%25BE%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25B6" title="မလေးရှားနိုင်ငံ – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မလေးရှားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B2%25DB%258C" title="مالزی – mazandérani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مالزی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandérani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="मलेसिया – népalais" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मलेसिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="népalais" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="मलेसिया – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मलेसिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – niha" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="niha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Li Niha</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maleisi%25C3%25AB" title="Maleisië – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Maleisië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bikin%25C3%25ADyah_Daniilkaalii_Bik%25C3%25A9yah" title="Bikiníyah Daniilkaalii Bikéyah – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Bikiníyah Daniilkaalii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – chewa" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="chewa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%25C3%25A0isia" title="Malàisia – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Malàisia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaizii" title="Malaizii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Malaizii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maleeshiyaa" title="Maleeshiyaa – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Maleeshiyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AC%25AE%25E0%25AC%25BE%25E0%25AC%25B2%25E0%25AD%2587%25E0%25AC%25B8%25E0%25AC%25BF%25E0%25AC%2586" title="ମାଲେସିଆ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମାଲେସିଆ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8" title="Малайзи – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Малайзи" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%25AE%25E0%25A8%25B2%25E0%25A9%2587%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A8%25BC%25E0%25A9%2580%25E0%25A8%2586" title="ਮਲੇਸ਼ੀਆ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਲੇਸ਼ੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malasia" title="Malasia – pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Malasia" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malasia" title="Malasia – pampangan" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Malasia" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampangan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malasia" title="Malasia – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Malasia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malajie" title="Malajie – picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Malajie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – pidgin nigérian" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="pidgin nigérian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Naijá</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="मलयेशिया – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="मलयेशिया" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melasya" title="Melasya – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Melasya" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malezja" title="Malezja – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Malezja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – piémontais" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piémontais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D8%25B4%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7" title="ملایشیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ملایشیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25DB%2590%25D8%25B2%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7" title="مالېزيا – pachto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مالېزيا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pachto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualité"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%25C3%25A1sia" title="Malásia – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Malásia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pwn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pwn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Paiwan" lang="pwn" hreflang="pwn" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Pinayuanan" data-language-local-name="Paiwan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pinayuanan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malasya" title="Malasya – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Malasya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Малайзия – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Малайзия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B7%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Малайзія – ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Малайзія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malesiya" title="Malesiya – kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Malesiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="मलेशिया – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मलेशिया" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Малайзия – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Малайзия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B1%25A2%25E1%25B1%259F%25E1%25B1%259E%25E1%25B1%25AE%25E1%25B1%25A5%25E1%25B1%25A4%25E1%25B1%25AD%25E1%25B1%259F" title="ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mala%25C3%25ACsia" title="Malaìsia – sarde" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Malaìsia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sarde" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malesia" title="Malesia – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Malesia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysie" title="Malaysie – écossais" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Malaysie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25D9%258A%25D8%25B4%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7" title="ملائيشيا – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ملائيشيا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – same du Nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="same du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malez%25C3%25AFi" title="Malezïi – sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Malezïi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sango" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malezija" title="Malezija – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Malezija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25B0%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%25B1%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%25BB%25E1%2582%2583%25E1%2580%25B8" title="မိူင်းမလေးသျႃး – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းမလေးသျႃး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%25B8%25E0%25B6%25BD%25E0%25B6%25BA%25E0%25B7%258F%25E0%25B7%2583%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%25BA%25E0%25B7%258F%25E0%25B7%2580" title="මලයාසියාව – cingalais" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මලයාසියාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalais" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malajzia" title="Malajzia – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Malajzia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malezija" title="Malezija – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Malezija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malesia" title="Malesia – samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Malesia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malesia" title="Malesia – same d’Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Malesia" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="same d’Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiya" title="Malaysiya – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Malaysiya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malajzia" title="Malajzia – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Malajzia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Малезија – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Малезија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maleysikondre" title="Maleysikondre – sranan tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Maleysikondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="sranan tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMaleshiya" title="IMaleshiya – swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IMaleshiya" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malezyjo" title="Malezyjo – silésien" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Malezyjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silésien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%2587%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AE%25BE" title="மலேசியா – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மலேசியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%25AE%25E0%25B0%25B2%25E0%25B1%2587%25E0%25B0%25B7%25E0%25B0%25BF%25E0%25B0%25AF%25E0%25B0%25BE" title="మలేషియా – télougou" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మలేషియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="télougou" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%25C3%25A1zia" title="Malázia – tétoum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Malázia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tétoum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Малайзия – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Малайзия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%258B%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B8%25A2" title="ประเทศมาเลเซีย – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศมาเลเซีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malazi%25C3%25BDa" title="Malaziýa – turkmène" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Malaziýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmène" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malajzij%25C9%2599" title="Malajzijə – talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Malajzijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%25C4%2593sia" title="Malēsia – tongien" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Malēsia" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malesia" title="Malesia – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Malesia" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malezya" title="Malezya – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Malezya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malexiya" title="Malexiya – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Malexiya" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bon article"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Малайзия – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Малайзия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Малайзия – oudmourte" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Малайзия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="oudmourte" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D8%25B3%25D9%2589%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7" title="مالايسىيا – ouïghour" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مالايسىيا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ouïghour" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B9%25D0%25B7%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Малайзія – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Малайзія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25DB%258C%25D8%25B4%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7" title="ملائیشیا – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ملائیشیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malayziya" title="Malayziya – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Malayziya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%25C5%2582%25C3%25A8zia" title="Małèzia – vénitien" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Małèzia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vénitien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaizii" title="Malaizii – vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Malaizii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maleisi%25C3%25AB" title="Maleisië – flamand occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Maleisië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamand occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysiy%25C3%25A4n" title="Malaysiyän – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Malaysiyän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maleesi" title="Maleesi – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Maleesi" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E9%25A9%25AC%25E6%259D%25A5%25E8%25A5%25BF%25E4%25BA%259A" title="马来西亚 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马来西亚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2596%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590" title="მალაიზია – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მალაიზია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%259E%25D7%2590%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%2599%25D7%2596%25D7%2599%25D7%25A2" title="מאלייזיע – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מאלייזיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Malaysia" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majlaizsihya" title="Majlaizsihya – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Majlaizsihya" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maleisi%25C3%25AB" title="Maleisië – zélandais" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Maleisië" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zélandais" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E2%25B5%258E%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B5%258D%25E2%25B5%2589%25E2%25B5%25A3%25E2%25B5%25A2%25E2%25B4%25B0" title="ⵎⴰⵍⵉⵣⵢⴰ – amazighe standard marocain" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵎⴰⵍⵉⵣⵢⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="amazighe standard marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E9%25A9%25AC%25E6%259D%25A5%25E8%25A5%25BF%25E4%25BA%259A" title="马来西亚 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="马来西亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E9%25A6%25AC%25E4%25BE%2586%25E8%25A5%25BF%25E4%25BA%259E" title="馬來西亞 – chinois littéraire" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="馬來西亞" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="chinois littéraire" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%25C3%25A1-l%25C3%25A2i-se-a" title="Má-lâi-se-a – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Má-lâi-se-a" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E9%25A6%25AC%25E4%25BE%2586%25E8%25A5%25BF%25E4%25BA%259E" title="馬來西亞 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬來西亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMalaysia" title="IMalaysia – zoulou" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IMalaysia" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zoulou" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 23 novembre 2024 à 22:30.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Le contenu est disponible sous licence <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> sauf mention contraire.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a 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