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<div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 歷史 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ruby的理念" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ruby的理念"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Ruby的理念 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ruby的理念-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ruby的版本体系" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ruby的版本体系"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Ruby的版本体系 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ruby的版本体系-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ruby的Hello_World程序" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ruby的Hello_World程序"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Ruby的Hello World程序 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ruby的Hello_World程序-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ruby的特点" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ruby的特点"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Ruby的特点 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ruby的特点-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关Ruby的特点子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-Ruby的特点-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-變數與函數的命名規則" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#變數與函數的命名規則"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 變數與函數的命名規則 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-變數與函數的命名規則-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-多種字串表示法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#多種字串表示法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 多種字串表示法 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-多種字串表示法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-動態修改物件、類別" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#動態修改物件、類別"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 動態修改物件、類別 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-動態修改物件、類別-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-強大的反射機制與元編程" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#強大的反射機制與元編程"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 強大的反射機制與元編程 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-強大的反射機制與元編程-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-豐富靈活的迴圈表示" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#豐富靈活的迴圈表示"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 豐富靈活的迴圈表示 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-豐富靈活的迴圈表示-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他特色" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他特色"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 其他特色 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他特色-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-比較與批評" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#比較與批評"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 比較與批評 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-比較與批評-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关比較與批評子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-比較與批評-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-讓人意外之處" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#讓人意外之處"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 讓人意外之處 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-讓人意外之處-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-和Perl_6比較" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#和Perl_6比較"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 和Perl 6比較 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-和Perl_6比較-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-程式範例" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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id="toc--{zh-hans:类;_zh-hant:類別}--sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-各種版本" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#各種版本"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 各種版本 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-各種版本-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 參見 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-注释" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#注释"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 注释 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-注释-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 参考文献 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 外部連結 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 开关目录 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Ruby</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。74种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" > 74种语言 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luengache_de_programaci%C3%B3n_Ruby" title="Luengache de programación Ruby – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Luengache de programación Ruby" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A_(%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%A9)" title="روبي (لغة برمجة) – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روبي (لغة برمجة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="روبی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="روبی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – 薩莫吉希亞文" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="薩莫吉希亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF_(%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE)" title="রুবি (প্রোগ্রামিং ভাষা) – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রুবি (প্রোগ্রামিং ভাষা)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(programski_jezik)" title="Ruby (programski jezik) – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ruby (programski jezik)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="ڕووبی – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕووبی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(programmeringssprog)" title="Ruby (programmeringssprog) – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ruby (programmeringssprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(Programmiersprache)" title="Ruby (Programmiersprache) – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ruby (Programmiersprache)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language) – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ruby (programming language)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(programlingvo)" title="Ruby (programlingvo) – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ruby (programlingvo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(programmeerimiskeel)" title="Ruby (programmeerimiskeel) – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ruby (programmeerimiskeel)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C_(%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="روبی (زبان برنامه‌نویسی) – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روبی (زبان برنامه‌نویسی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language) – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ruby (programming language)" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(programski_jezik)" title="Ruby (programski jezik) – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ruby (programski jezik)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(programoz%C3%A1si_nyelv)" title="Ruby (programozási nyelv) – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ruby (programozási nyelv)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(%D5%AE%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82)" title="Ruby (ծրագրավորման լեզու) – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ruby (ծրագրավորման լեզու)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(linguage_de_programmation)" title="Ruby (linguage de programmation) – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ruby (linguage de programmation)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(bahasa_pemrograman)" title="Ruby (bahasa pemrograman) – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ruby (bahasa pemrograman)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(programifo-linguo)" title="Ruby (programifo-linguo) – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ruby (programifo-linguo)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(linguaggio_di_programmazione)" title="Ruby (linguaggio di programmazione) – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ruby (linguaggio di programmazione)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="რუბი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რუბი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EB%B9%84_(%ED%94%84%EB%A1%9C%EA%B7%B8%EB%9E%98%EB%B0%8D_%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4)" title="루비 (프로그래밍 언어) – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루비 (프로그래밍 언어)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – 伦巴第语" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="伦巴第语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF_(%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7)" title="റൂബി (പ്രോഗ്രാമിങ് ഭാഷ) – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റൂബി (പ്രോഗ്രാമിങ് ഭാഷ)" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80" title="रुबी – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रुबी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language) – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="Ruby (programming language)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(programmeertaal)" title="Ruby (programmeertaal) – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ruby (programmeertaal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%80_(%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%82_%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BE)" title="ରୁବୀ (ପ୍ରୋଗ୍ରାମିଂ ଭାଷା) – 奥里亚语" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ରୁବୀ (ପ୍ରୋଗ୍ରାମିଂ ଭାଷା)" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="奥里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80_(%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%97_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE)" title="ਰੂਬੀ (ਪ੍ਰੋਗਰਾਮਿੰਗ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ) – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੂਬੀ (ਪ੍ਰੋਗਰਾਮਿੰਗ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(j%C4%99zyk_programowania)" title="Ruby (język programowania) – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ruby (język programowania)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C_(%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="روبی (پروگرامنگ زبان) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="روبی (پروگرامنگ زبان)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(linguagem_de_programa%C3%A7%C3%A3o)" title="Ruby (linguagem de programação) – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ruby (linguagem de programação)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(programski_jezik)" title="Ruby (programski jezik) – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ruby (programski jezik)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ruby (programming language)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(programovac%C3%AD_jazyk)" title="Ruby (programovací jazyk) – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ruby (programovací jazyk)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(gjuh%C3%AB_programimi)" title="Ruby (gjuhë programimi) – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ruby (gjuhë programimi)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Ruby (програмски језик) – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ruby (програмски језик)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF_(%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF)" title="ரூபி (நிரலாக்க மொழி) – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ரூபி (நிரலாக்க மொழி)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF_(%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7)" title="రూబి (కంప్యూటర్ భాష) – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రూబి (కంప్యూటర్ భాష)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5" title="ภาษารูบี – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษารูบี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%82%D3%99%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5)" title="Ruby (программа тәэминатын тасвирлау теле) – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ruby (программа тәэминатын тасвирлау теле)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C_(%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="روبی (پروگرامنگ زبان) – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="روبی (پروگرامنگ زبان)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_(ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_l%E1%BA%ADp_tr%C3%ACnh)" title="Ruby (ngôn ngữ lập trình) – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ruby (ngôn ngữ lập trình)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby" title="Ruby – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Ruby" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="Ruby 程式語言 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Ruby 程式語言" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q161053#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div 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class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ruby&action=show-download-screen">下载为PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p">打印页面</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ruby_programming_language" hreflang="en">维基共享资源</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ruby_Programming" hreflang="zh">维基教科书</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q161053" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g">维基数据项目</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-5be31517" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-5be31517" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="IT"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Copyright"></div></div><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-cn:访问; zh-tw:訪問"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a>此條目介紹的是程式語言Ruby。关于寶石類的Ruby，请见「<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%85%E5%AF%B6%E7%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="紅寶石">紅寶石</a>」。关于印刷用語Ruby字元，请见「<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%81%E8%A8%BB%E6%A8%99%E8%A8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="旁註標記">旁註標記</a>」。</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Ruby</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Ruby_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Ruby_logo.png/105px-Ruby_logo.png" decoding="async" width="105" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Ruby_logo.png/158px-Ruby_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Ruby_logo.png/210px-Ruby_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="995" data-file-height="996" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%8C%83%E5%9E%8B" title="编程范型">编程范型</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E5%90%91%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="面向对象程序设计">面向对象</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="指令式编程">指令式</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="函數程式語言">函数式</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">設計者</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E6%9C%AC%E8%A1%8C%E5%BC%98" title="松本行弘">松本行弘</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">實作者</th><td class="infobox-data organiser" style="">松本行弘等人</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">发行时间</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1995年</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">当前版本</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655520">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>3.4.2（2025年2月14日；穩定版本）<a href="#cite_note-wikidata-7a4307580647bcddb98e53177b3bdcc3177df1ca-v3-1">[1]</a></li></ul> </div> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161053#P348" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%9E%E5%9E%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="類型系統">型態系統</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="动态类型">动态类型</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%8D%E4%BD%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="操作系统">操作系统</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%A8%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="跨平台">跨平台</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81" title="软件许可证">許可證</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/Ruby%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruby许可证">Ruby许可证</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> / <a href="/wiki/BSD%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81" title="BSD许可证">BSD许可证</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> / <a href="/wiki/GNU%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81" title="GNU通用公共许可证">GNU通用公共许可证</a>第二版<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">網站</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ruby-lang.org/">www.ruby-lang.org</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161053#P856" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;;">主要實作產品</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby_MRI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruby MRI（页面不存在）">Ruby MRI</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_MRI" class="extiw" title="en:Ruby MRI">Ruby MRI</a>）、<a href="/wiki/YARV" title="YARV">YARV</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubinius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubinius（页面不存在）">Rubinius</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubinius" class="extiw" title="en:Rubinius">Rubinius</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=MagLev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MagLev（页面不存在）">MagLev</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MagLev_(software)" class="extiw" title="en:MagLev (software)">MagLev (software)</a>）、<a href="/wiki/JRuby" title="JRuby">JRuby</a>、 <a href="/w/index.php?title=MacRuby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MacRuby（页面不存在）">MacRuby</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacRuby" class="extiw" title="en:MacRuby">MacRuby</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=RubyMotion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RubyMotion（页面不存在）">RubyMotion</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RubyMotion" class="extiw" title="en:RubyMotion">RubyMotion</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=HotRuby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HotRuby（页面不存在）">HotRuby</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HotRuby" class="extiw" title="en:HotRuby">HotRuby</a>）、<a href="/wiki/IronRuby" title="IronRuby">IronRuby</a>、 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/mruby/mruby">mruby</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;;">啟發語言</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/Ada" title="Ada">Ada</a><a href="#cite_note-nov2pro-5">[5]</a>、<a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a><a href="#cite_note-nov2pro-5">[5]</a>、<a href="/wiki/CLU" title="CLU">CLU</a><a href="#cite_note-bini-6">[6]</a>、<a href="/wiki/Dylan_(%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dylan (编程语言)">Dylan</a><a href="#cite_note-bini-6">[6]</a>、<a href="/wiki/Eiffel" title="Eiffel">Eiffel</a><a href="#cite_note-nov2pro-5">[5]</a>、 <a href="/wiki/Lisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisp">Lisp</a><a href="#cite_note-bini-6">[6]</a>、<a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a><a href="#cite_note-bini-6">[6]</a>、<a href="/wiki/Python" title="Python">Python</a><a href="#cite_note-bini-6">[6]</a>、<a href="/wiki/Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a><a href="#cite_note-bini-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;;">影響語言</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/Clojure" title="Clojure">Clojure</a>、<a href="/wiki/D%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="D语言">D</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a>、<a href="/wiki/Elixir" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Elixir">Elixir</a>、<a href="/wiki/Falcon%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Falcon编程语言">Falcon</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fancy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fancy（页面不存在）">Fancy</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fancy_(programming_language)" class="extiw" title="en:Fancy (programming language)">Fancy (programming language)</a>）<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a>、<a href="/wiki/Groovy" title="Groovy">Groovy</a> 、<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ioke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ioke（页面不存在）">Ioke</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioke_(programming_language)" class="extiw" title="en:Ioke (programming language)">Ioke (programming language)</a>）<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mirah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mirah（页面不存在）">Mirah</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirah_(programming_language)" class="extiw" title="en:Mirah (programming language)">Mirah (programming language)</a>）、<a href="/wiki/Nu" class="mw-disambig" title="Nu">Nu</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=Reia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reia（页面不存在）">Reia</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reia_(programming_language)" class="extiw" title="en:Reia (programming language)">Reia (programming language)</a>）、<a href="/w/index.php?title=Potion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Potion（页面不存在）">Potion</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potion_(programming_language)" class="extiw" title="en:Potion (programming language)">Potion (programming language)</a>）</td></tr></tbody></table> Ruby 是一种<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E5%90%91%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E7%9A%84%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="面向对象的程序设计">面向对象</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%87%E4%BB%A4%E5%BC%8F%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="指令式编程">指令式</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="函數程式語言">函数式</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="动态语言">动态</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="通用编程语言">通用编程语言</a>。在20世纪90年代中期由<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" title="電腦科學家">電腦科學家</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E6%9C%AC%E8%A1%8C%E5%BC%98" title="松本行弘">松本行弘</a>（Matz）设计并开发。 遵守<a href="/wiki/BSD%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF%E8%AF%81" title="BSD许可证">BSD许可证</a>和Ruby License<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[註 1]</a>。它的灵感与特性来自于<a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a>、<a href="/wiki/Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a>、<a href="/wiki/Eiffel" title="Eiffel">Eiffel</a>、<a href="/wiki/Ada" title="Ada">Ada</a>以及<a href="/wiki/Lisp" class="mw-redirect" title="Lisp">Lisp</a>语言。由Ruby语言本身还发展出了<a href="/wiki/JRuby" title="JRuby">JRuby</a>（<a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>平台）、<a href="/wiki/IronRuby" title="IronRuby">IronRuby</a>（<a href="/wiki/.NET" title=".NET">.NET</a>平台）等其他平台的Ruby语言替代品。 <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史">歷史</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：歷史">编辑</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yukihiro_Matsumoto.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Yukihiro_Matsumoto.JPG/150px-Yukihiro_Matsumoto.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Yukihiro_Matsumoto.JPG/225px-Yukihiro_Matsumoto.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Yukihiro_Matsumoto.JPG/300px-Yukihiro_Matsumoto.JPG 2x" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="476" /></a><figcaption>Ruby的作者<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E6%9C%AC%E8%A1%8C%E5%BC%98" title="松本行弘">松本行弘</a></figcaption></figure> Ruby的作者松本行弘於1993年2月24日開始編寫Ruby，直至1995年12月才正式公開發佈於fj（<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%81%9E%E7%BE%A4%E7%B5%84" class="mw-redirect" title="新聞群組">新聞群組</a>）。之所以稱為Ruby是取法自<a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a>，因為Perl的發音與6月的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%95%E7%94%9F%E7%9F%B3" title="誕生石">誕生石</a>pearl（珍珠）相同，Ruby選擇以7月的<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%95%E7%94%9F%E7%9F%B3" title="誕生石">誕生石</a>ruby（紅寶石）命名。Ruby相較之下比其他類似的程式語言（如<a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a>或<a href="/wiki/Python" title="Python">Python</a>）年輕，又因為Ruby是日本人發明的，所以早期的非<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="日文">日文</a>資料和程式都比較貧乏，在網上仍然可以找到早期對Ruby的資料太少之類的批評。 約於2000年，Ruby開始進入<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="美國">美國</a>，英文的資料開始發展。 2004年，<a href="/wiki/Ruby_on_Rails" title="Ruby on Rails">Rails</a>框架誕生，Ruby更加廣為人知，Ruby並於2006年為<a href="/wiki/TIOBE" class="mw-redirect" title="TIOBE">TIOBE</a>獲選為年度程式語言。此時為Ruby的全盛時期。這一時期許多 <a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a> 上有創意的專案以 Ruby 撰寫，並且有 GitHub 與 <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> 等重要網頁選用 Ruby 編寫。 2010年以後，<a href="/wiki/Javascript" class="mw-redirect" title="Javascript">Javascript</a> 和 <a href="/wiki/Python" title="Python">Python</a> 這兩個和 Ruby 定位類似的語言在 <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> 等公司與一些社群的支持下越來越受到歡迎。其中，<a href="/wiki/V8_(JavaScript%E5%BC%95%E6%93%8E)" title="V8 (JavaScript引擎)">V8引擎</a>使得 Javascript 在同類型語言中有著突出的效能； <a href="/wiki/NumPy" title="NumPy">NumPy</a> 讓 <a href="/wiki/Python" title="Python">Python</a> 可以更加優雅的進行科學運算。 2009年，以<a href="/wiki/V8_(JavaScript%E5%BC%95%E6%93%8E)" title="V8 (JavaScript引擎)">V8引擎</a>製作的伺服端平台 <a href="/wiki/Node.js" title="Node.js">Node.js</a> 發表。 2015年機器學習知名專案 <a href="/wiki/TensorFlow" title="TensorFlow">TensorFlow</a> 發表，並選用 Python 作為官方 API 使用的語言。 Ruby 在多年被蠶食後走向衰微。 Ruby 現在仍為<a href="/wiki/TIOBE" class="mw-redirect" title="TIOBE">TIOBE</a>程式語言流行排行前20名，但已經遠遠沒有全盛時期受歡迎。 在 Ruby 逐漸失寵以後，開發團隊開始有意的提升 Ruby 的效能。在 Ruby 2.X 版本後期提出「Ruby 3x3」計畫<a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a>，目標是希望 Ruby 3.0 版本能比 2.0 版本有 3 倍效能提升。從 Ruby 3.0 開始，團隊開始嘗試在 Ruby 中加入 <a href="/wiki/JIT" class="mw-redirect" title="JIT">JIT</a> 的功能。在 3.1 版本之後，Ruby 的團隊與 <a href="/wiki/Shopify" title="Shopify">Shopify</a> 團隊合作，嘗試性地加入新的 JIT 編譯器 —— YJIT。並且 YJIT 在 Ruby 3.2 正式被引入<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ruby的理念">Ruby的理念</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：Ruby的理念">编辑</a>]</div> 减少编程时候的不必要的琐碎时间，令编写程序的人高兴，是设计Ruby语言的Matz的一个首要的考虑；其次是良好的界面设计。他强调系统设计必须强调人性化，而不是一味从机器的角度设想<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a>。 <table class="cquote pullquote" role="presentation" style="margin:auto; display:table; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; background-color: transparent; color: inherit;width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="width: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: left; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright">“ </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; border: none; padding: 4px 10px;">人们特别是电脑工程师们，常常从机器着想。他们认为：“这样做，机器就能运行的更快；这样做，机器运行效率更高；这样做，机器就会怎样怎样怎样。”实际上，我们需要从人的角度考虑问题，人们怎样编写程序或者怎样使用机器上应用程序。我们是主人，他们是仆人。 </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="width: 20px; vertical-align: bottom; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: right; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright">” </td></tr> </tbody></table> 遵循着<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%80%E5%B0%8F%E6%83%8A%E8%AE%B6%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="最小惊讶原则（页面不存在）">最小惊讶原则</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle_of_least_astonishment" class="extiw" title="en:Principle of least astonishment">Principle of least astonishment</a>），Ruby语言通常非常直观，按照编程人认为它应该的方式运行。 Ruby的作者認為Ruby > (Smalltalk + Perl) / 2<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">[來源請求]</a>，表示Ruby是一個语法像Smalltalk一样完全<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E5%90%91%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1" class="mw-disambig" title="面向对象">面向对象</a>、脚本執行、又有Perl強大的文字處理功能的程式語言。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ruby的版本体系">Ruby的版本体系</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：Ruby的版本体系">编辑</a>]</div> Ruby版本号的构成形式是（MAJOR）.（MINOR）.（TEENY），均为只有1位的整数；如“1.8.6”、“1.9.3”。 1.9版系统的TEENY不小于1时为稳定版，TEENY为0的版本是开发版。在1.9之前的版本中偶数MINOR代表稳定版，奇数MINOR代表开发版。<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ruby的Hello_World程序">Ruby的Hello World程序</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：Ruby的Hello World程序">编辑</a>]</div> 下面是一个在标准输出设备上输出<a href="/wiki/Hello_World%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Hello World程序">Hello World</a>的简单程序： <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-ruby mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>#!/usr/bin/env ruby puts "Hello, world!" </pre></div> 或者是在irb互動式命令列的模式下： <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-ruby mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>>>puts "Hello, world!" Hello, world! => nil </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ruby的特点">Ruby的特点</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：Ruby的特点">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="變數與函數的命名規則">變數與函數的命名規則</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：變數與函數的命名規則">编辑</a>]</div> 乍看之下與Perl的命名規則有些類似，不過Perl的命名用來區分純量、陣列與映射；而Ruby的命名規則用來表示變數與類別的關係。Ruby的變數有以下幾種： <ul><li>一般小寫字母、底線開頭：變量（Variable）。</li> <li><code>$</code>開頭：全局變量（Global variable）。</li> <li><code>@</code>開頭：實例變量（Instance variable）。</li> <li><code>@@</code>開頭：類別變量（Class variable）類別变量被共享在整个继承链中</li> <li>大寫字母開頭：常數（Constant）。</li></ul> 有些函數則會加一個後綴，用來表示函數的用法，跟變數命名規則不同，函數的命名規則只是習慣，不具強制性，即使你不照規則命名也不影響程式運作 <ul><li><code>=</code>結尾：赋值方法，相當於其他程式語言的<code>set</code>開頭的方法，算是一種<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95%E7%B3%96" class="mw-redirect" title="語法糖">語法糖</a>。</li> <li><code>!</code>結尾：破壞性方法，呼叫這個方法會修改本來的物件，這種方法通常有個非破壞性的版本，呼叫非破壞性的版本會回傳一個物件的副本。</li> <li><code>?</code>結尾：表示這個函數的回傳值是個布林值。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="多種字串表示法">多種字串表示法</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：多種字串表示法">编辑</a>]</div> Ruby提供了多種字串的表示方法，方便撰寫有大量文字資料的程式。除了来自C语言的引号表示法之外，还有来自于Perl的百分号字面量记法，以及方便书写大量内容的Heredoc记法。Ruby可以方便地以<code>#{variable_name}</code>的方式向字符串中插入变量。 <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-ruby mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>a = '\n这是一个单引号的字符串，反斜线和变量插值不会被转义' b = %q{这是一个不可转义的字符串} c = "\n这是一个双引号的字符串，反斜线和变量插值会被转义\n#{a}" d = %Q{\n這是一個常量字串，特殊内容同样会被转义\n} e = <<BLOCK 这是一个以Heredoc方式书写的常量字符串，可转义，结尾标志不可缩进 BLOCK f = <<-BLOCK 这是一个可以缩进的Heredoc字符串 BLOCK g = <<~BLOCK 这是一个可以缩进的Heredoc字符串 缩进会被自动去掉，在2.3版本中引入 BLOCK h = %/\t这是一个可转义的的字符串\n/ </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="動態修改物件、類別">動態修改物件、類別</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：動態修改物件、類別">编辑</a>]</div> Ruby是动态语言，你可以在程序中修改先前定义过的類別。也可以在某个类別的实例中定义该实例特有的方法，这叫做原型方法（prototype）。 <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-ruby mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>class MyClass def the_method "general method" end end mc = MyClass.new def mc.the_method "special for this instance." end mc.the_method </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="強大的反射機制與元編程">強大的反射機制與元編程</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：強大的反射機制與元編程">编辑</a>]</div> Ruby的反射功能相當驚人，甚至可以自行追蹤程式運作，或是取出private變數、攔截方法的呼叫。常常與『可以動態的修改物件』這項特色結合，做為『元編程』的功能：程式在運行時，可以由程式設計師提供的資訊，自行生成、修改類別或物件，這項功能大大的提高了撰寫程式碼的效率。在<a href="/wiki/Ruby_on_Rails" title="Ruby on Rails">Rails</a>之中，就大量使用了這種特性。 以下為用Rails使用元編程的範例： <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-ruby mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>class Project < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :portfolio has_one :project_manager has_many :milestones end </pre></div> 在這個例子中，<code>Project</code>類別繼承<code>Base</code>類別，<code>Base</code>類別內建的<code>belongs_to</code>、<code>has_one</code>、<code>has_many</code>方法，便會根據參數來修改Project類別的內容，並自行建立其他相關的方法。程式設計師可以更專心處理程式的運作，而不必為每個類別重複得撰寫程式碼。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="豐富靈活的迴圈表示">豐富靈活的迴圈表示</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：豐富靈活的迴圈表示">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-ruby mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre># 使用 for，在 1 到 3 取出值 1、2、3 到 outer_i 裡操作。 for outer_i in 1..3 do puts "for: #{outer_i * 100}" end # 在 1 到 3 的集合裡針對每個值，放到 i 裡操作。 (1..3).each do |i| puts "each: #{i * 100}" end # 只要符合 outer_i 小於等於 300，則進入迴圈。 outer_i = 100 while outer_i <= 300 puts "while: #{outer_i}" outer_i += 100 end # 直到 outer_i 大於 300 前，都可以進入迴圈。 outer_i = 100 until outer_i > 300 puts "until: #{outer_i}" outer_i += 100 end # 無限迴圈，用 break 來打斷迴圈。 outer_i = 100 loop do break if outer_i > 300 puts "loop: #{outer_i}" outer_i += 100 end # 作 3 次迴圈，i 從 0 開始遞增 1。 3.times do |i| puts "times: #{(i + 1) * 100}" end # 從 1 遞增 1 到 3，值傳入 i 來操作。 1.upto(3) do |i| puts "upto: #{i * 100}" end # 從 3 遞減 1 到 1，值傳入 i 來操作。 3.downto(1) do |i| puts "downto: #{400 - i * 100}" end # 從 100 開始以每步 +100 邁向 300。 100.step(300, 100) do |i| puts "step: #{i}" end </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他特色">其他特色</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：其他特色">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li>完全物件導向：任何東西都是物件，沒有基礎型別</li> <li>變數是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="动态类型">動態类型</a>。</li> <li>任何東西都有值：不管是四則運算、邏輯表達式還是一個語句，都有回傳值。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E7%AC%A6%E9%87%8D%E8%BD%BD" title="运算符重载">运算符重载</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%83%E5%9C%BE%E5%9B%9E%E6%94%B6_(%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E6%A9%9F%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8)" title="垃圾回收 (計算機科學)">垃圾回收</a></li> <li>强类型<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a></li> <li>变量无需声明</li> <li>在<a href="/wiki/Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a>上，載入<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5%E5%BA%93" title="动态链接库">DLL</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="比較與批評">比較與批評</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：比較與批評">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="讓人意外之處">讓人意外之處</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：讓人意外之處">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li>在Ruby中，只有<code>false</code>和<code>nil</code>表示false，其它的所有值都表示true（包括<code>0</code>、<code>0.0</code>、<code>""</code>、<code>[]</code>）<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a>。這點和C語言的『用<code>0</code>代表<code>false</code>』不同。</li> <li>Ruby的字串是可改變的，這與Java固定不變的字串不同。在Ruby中，常用<code>Symbol</code>对象来表示不可变的字符串。Ruby 2.3提供了默认冻结字符串的选项，在源码开头添加魔术注释<code># frozen_string_literal: true</code>可以打开这个选项，当用户试图更改<code>String</code>对象时会抛出运行时异常。同时，松本行弘表示，在Ruby 3中，字符串将是默认不可变的。<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a></li> <li>Ruby的繼承功能相當脆弱，儘管Ruby是一個物件導向語言，Ruby內的許多規則，卻使得子類別有可能不小心就覆寫了父類別的功能，在《The Ruby Programming Language》一書中，建議除非程式設計師對一個類別相當了解，否則盡可能不要使用繼承。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="和Perl_6比較">和Perl 6比較</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：和Perl 6比較">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CPAN" title="CPAN">CPAN</a>上排名第一名，同時也是<a href="/wiki/Perl_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Perl 6">Perl 6</a>的開發者的<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E9%B3%B3" title="唐鳳">唐鳳</a>（Autrijus / Audrey）說：「Ruby就是『沒有到處打廣告的Perl 6』」。<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a></li> <li>松本行弘在接受<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E8%90%8A%E7%A6%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="歐萊禮">歐萊禮</a>（O'Reilly）訪問時，提到「Ruby借用了很多Perl的東西……，Python遠比Perl要少……」、「我認為Ruby這個名字作為Perl之後的一門語言的名字真是再恰當不過了。」<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a></li> <li>Perl之父<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94" title="拉里·沃尔">拉里·沃爾</a>（Larry Wall）說：「很多方面上我還是很喜歡Ruby的，這是因為那些部分是從Perl借過去的。：-）」、「我還喜歡Ruby的C<*>一元星號操作符，所以我把它加到Perl 6裡面。」<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="程式範例">程式範例</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：程式範例">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-How-to plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目包含<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTGUIDE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTGUIDE">指南或教學內容</a>。 請藉由移除或重寫指南段落來改善條目，或在<a href="/wiki/Talk:Ruby" title="Talk:Ruby">討論頁</a>提出討論。</div></td></tr></tbody></table> 下面的代码可以在Ruby <a href="/wiki/Shell" class="mw-redirect" title="Shell">shell</a>中运行，比如irb互動式命令列，或者保存为文件并运行命令<code>ruby <filename></code>。 <ul><li>一些基本的Ruby代码：</li></ul> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-ruby mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre># Everything, including a literal, is an object, so this works: -199.abs # 199 "ruby is cool".length # 12 "Rick Astley".index("c") # 2 "Never gonna let you down".sub('let you down', 'give you up') # "Never gonna give you up" "Nice Day Isn't It?".downcase.split(//).sort.uniq.join # " '?acdeinsty" </pre></div> <ul><li>一些转换：</li></ul> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-ruby mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>puts "What's your favorite number?" number = gets.chomp outputnumber = number.to_i + 1 puts outputnumber.to_s + ' is a bigger and better favorite number.' </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="集合">集合</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：集合">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li>构造和使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E7%BB%84" title="数组">数组</a>：</li></ul> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-ruby mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>a = [1,'hi', 3.14, 1, 2, [4, 5]] p a[2] # 3.14 p a.[](2)# 3.14 p a.reverse # [[4, 5], 2, 1, 3.14, 'hi', 1] p a.flatten.uniq # [1, 'hi', 3.14, 2, 4, 5] </pre></div> <ul><li>构造和使用关联数组：</li></ul> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-ruby mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>hash = { :water => 'wet', :fire => 'hot' } puts hash[:fire] # Prints: hot hash.each_pair do |key, value| # Or: hash.each do |key, value| puts "#{key} is #{value}" end # Prints: water is wet # fire is hot hash.delete :water # Deletes :water => 'wet' hash.delete_if {|k,value| value=='hot'} # Deletes :fire => 'hot' </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="-{zh-hans:块;_zh-hant:區塊}-和迭代器">块和迭代器</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：块和迭代器">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li>有两个语法用于创建块：</li></ul> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-ruby mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>{ puts "Hello, World!" } # Note the { braces } #or do puts "Hello, World!" end </pre></div> <ul><li>传参数的块使用闭包<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%AD%E5%8C%85_(%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6)" title="闭包 (计算机科学)">Closure</a>：</li></ul> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-ruby mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre># In an object instance variable (denoted with '@'), remember a block. def remember(&a_block) @block = a_block end # Invoke the above method, giving it a block which takes a name. remember {|name| puts "Hello, #{name}!"} # When the time is right (for the object) -- call the closure! @block.call("Jon") # => "Hello, Jon!" </pre></div> <ul><li>从方法中返回闭包：</li></ul> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-ruby mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>def create_set_and_get(initial_value=0) # Note the default value of 0 closure_value = initial_value return Proc.new {|x| closure_value = x}, Proc.new { puts closure_value } end setter, getter = create_set_and_get # ie. returns two values setter.call(21) getter.call # => 21 </pre></div> <ul><li>迭代调用调用时提供的块：</li></ul> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-ruby mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>def use_hello yield "hello" end # Invoke the above method, passing it a block. use_hello {|string| puts string} # => 'hello' </pre></div> <ul><li>使用块迭代数组：</li></ul> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-ruby mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>array = [1, 'hi', 3.14] array.each { |item| puts item } # => 1 # => 'hi' # => 3.14 array.each_index { |index| puts "#{index}: #{array[index]}" } # => 0: 1 # => 1: 'hi' # => 2: 3.14 (3..6).each { |num| puts num } # => 3 # => 4 # => 5 # => 6 </pre></div> 像inject()方法可以接收一个参数和一个块。迭代的注入列表的每一个成员，执行函数时保存总和。这同<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B8%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="函數程式語言">函数编程语言</a>中的foldl函数相类似，比如： <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-ruby mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>[1,3,5].inject(10) {|sum, element| sum + element} # => 19 </pre></div> 首先块接收到了10（inject的参数）当作变量sum，并且1（数组的第一个元素）当作变量element；这会返回11。11又被当作下一步的sum变量，它加上3得到了14。14又被加上了5，最终返回结果19。 <ul><li>块运行在内置的方法中：</li></ul> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-ruby mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>File.open('file.txt', 'w') do |file| # 'w' denotes "write mode". file.puts 'Wrote some text.' end # File is automatically closed here File.readlines('file.txt').each do |line| puts line end # => Wrote some text. </pre></div> <ul><li>使用枚举器和块求1到10的平方：</li></ul> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-ruby mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>(1..10).collect {|x| x*x} # => [1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100] </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="-{zh-hans:类;_zh-hant:類別}-">类</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：类">编辑</a>]</div> 下面的代码定义一个命名为Person的类。含有一个「initialize」方法，用于构选创建一个新对象，它还有两个方法，一个重载了<=>比较运算符（这样<code>Array#sort</code>可以使用age排序）另一个重载了<code>to_s</code>方法（这样<code>Kernel#puts</code>可以格式化输出），<code>attr_reader</code>是Ruby中元数据编程的例子：<code>attr_accessor</code>为实例变量定义了getter和setter方法，<code>attr_reader</code>只是一个getter方法。另外，方法中最后的声明是它的返回值，也允许显式的使用「return」语句。 <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-ruby mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>class Person attr_reader :name, :age def initialize(name, age) @name, @age = name, age end def <=>(person) # Comparison operator for sorting @age <=> person.age end def to_s "#@name (#@age)" end end group = [ Person.new("Bob", 33), Person.new("Chris", 16), Person.new("Ash", 23) ] puts group.sort.reverse </pre></div> <ul><li>下面按age倒序输出了三个名字：</li></ul> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>Bob(33) Ash(23) Chris(16) </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="各種版本">各種版本</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：各種版本">编辑</a>]</div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Matz%27s_Ruby_interpreter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matz's Ruby interpreter（页面不存在）">Matz's Ruby interpreter</a>，最初也是最常見的Ruby版本，簡稱MRI，用C語言撰寫。 <a href="/wiki/JRuby" title="JRuby">JRuby</a>，類似<a href="/wiki/Python" title="Python">Python</a>的<a href="/wiki/Jython" title="Jython">Jython</a>，一個可於<a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>上執行Ruby的語言，支援Java的介面和類別。最新發布版爲9.1.6.0（2016-11-09），與Ruby 2.3兼容。它的官方網站為<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110208071026/http://jruby.org/">jruby.org</a>。 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mruby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mruby（页面不存在）">mruby</a>是一个轻量级的Ruby解释器，可以嵌入到其它应用程序中，或者作为库链接到应用中。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見">參見</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：參見">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Python" title="Python">Python</a>（經常和Ruby比較<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perl_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Perl 6">Perl 6</a>（vs. Ruby）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QtRuby" title="QtRuby">QtRuby</a>：<a href="/wiki/Qt" title="Qt">Qt</a>的Ruby綁定</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_on_Rails" title="Ruby on Rails">Ruby on Rails</a>：一个MVC的快速網站开发应用框架。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RGSS" title="RGSS">RGSS</a>：使用Ruby為基礎的遊戲腳本系統。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="注释">注释</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节：注释">编辑</a>]</div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> Ruby早期遵守<a href="/wiki/GPL" class="mw-redirect" title="GPL">GPL</a>協議。 </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献">参考文献</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节：参考文献">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-7a4307580647bcddb98e53177b3bdcc3177df1ca-v3-1"><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-7a4307580647bcddb98e53177b3bdcc3177df1ca-v3_1-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2025/02/14/ruby-3-4-2-released/">Ruby 3.4.2 Released</a>. 2025年2月14日 [2025年2月15日].</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3ARuby&rft.btitle=Ruby+3.4.2+Released&rft.date=2025-02-14&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ruby-lang.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2F2025%2F02%2F14%2Fruby-3-4-2-released%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://svn.ruby-lang.org/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/trunk/COPYING?view=markup">COPYING in Ruby official source repository</a>. [2013-10-30]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170320052254/https://svn.ruby-lang.org/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/trunk/COPYING?view=markup">存档</a>于2017-03-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3ARuby&rft.btitle=COPYING+in+Ruby+official+source+repository&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsvn.ruby-lang.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Fviewvc.cgi%2Ftrunk%2FCOPYING%3Fview%3Dmarkup&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220321143246/https://svn.ruby-lang.org/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/trunk/BSDL?view=markup">BSDL in Ruby official source repository</a>. [2013-10-30]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://svn.ruby-lang.org/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/trunk/BSDL?view=markup">原始内容</a>存档于2022-03-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3ARuby&rft.btitle=BSDL+in+Ruby+official+source+repository&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsvn.ruby-lang.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Fviewvc.cgi%2Ftrunk%2FBSDL%3Fview%3Dmarkup&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220321143223/https://svn.ruby-lang.org/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/trunk/GPL?view=markup">Contents of /trunk/GPL</a>. [2 May 2015]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://svn.ruby-lang.org/cgi-bin/viewvc.cgi/trunk/GPL?view=markup">原始内容</a>存档于2022-03-21）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3ARuby&rft.btitle=Contents+of+%2Ftrunk%2FGPL&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsvn.ruby-lang.org%2Fcgi-bin%2Fviewvc.cgi%2Ftrunk%2FGPL%3Fview%3Dmarkup&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-nov2pro-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nov2pro_5-0">5.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nov2pro_5-1">5.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nov2pro_5-2">5.2</a> <cite class="citation book">Cooper, Peter. Beginning Ruby: From Novice to Professional. Beginning from Novice to Professional 2nd. Berkeley: APress. 2009: 101. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1-4302-2363-4" title="Special:网络书源/1-4302-2363-4">ISBN 1-4302-2363-4</a>. <q>To a lesser extent, Python, LISP, Eiffel, Ada, and C++ have also influenced Ruby.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3ARuby&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.btitle=Beginning+Ruby%3A+From+Novice+to+Professional&rft.date=2009&rft.edition=2nd&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1-4302-2363-4&rft.pages=101&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=APress&rft.series=Beginning+from+Novice+to+Professional&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-bini-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bini_6-0">6.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bini_6-1">6.1</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bini_6-2">6.2</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bini_6-3">6.3</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bini_6-4">6.4</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bini_6-5">6.5</a> <cite class="citation book">Bini, Ola. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/practicaljrubyon00bini">Practical JRuby on Rails Web 2.0 Projects: Bringing Ruby on Rails to Java</a>. 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Engine Yard. 23 February 2011 [2011-07-21]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225131621/https://rubinius.com/2011/02/23/introduction-to-fancy/%0A%20">存档</a>于2018-12-25）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3ARuby&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+Fancy&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.aulast=Bertels&rft.date=2011-02-23&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rubinius+blog&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frubini.us%2F2011%2F02%2F23%2Fintroduction-to-fancy%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Bini, Ola. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721091046/http://www.ioke.org/">Ioke</a>. Ioke.org. [2011-07-21]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ioke.org/">原始内容</a>存档于2011-07-21）. <q>inspired by Io, Smalltalk, Lisp and Ruby</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3ARuby&rft.atitle=Ioke&rft.aufirst=Ola&rft.aulast=Bini&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ioke.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fioke.org%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Burks, Tim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724191313/http://programming.nu/about">About Nu™</a>. Programming Nu™. Neon Design Technology, Inc. [2011-07-21]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://programming.nu/about">原始内容</a>存档于2011-07-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3ARuby&rft.atitle=About+Nu%E2%84%A2&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.aulast=Burks&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Programming+Nu%E2%84%A2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprogramming.nu%2Fabout&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/LICENSE.txt">Ruby License</a>. [2004-09-25]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/617jSCkBK?url=http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/LICENSE.txt">存档</a>于2011-08-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3ARuby&rft.btitle=Ruby+License&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ruby-lang.org%2Fen%2FLICENSE.txt&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ithome.com.tw/news/127932">Ruby 2.6正式版釋出主打JIT，但卻會造成Rails效能下降</a>. iThome. [2023-06-13]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220521213534/https://ithome.com.tw/news/127932">存档</a>于2022-05-21） （中文（繁體））.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3ARuby&rft.atitle=Ruby+2.6%E6%AD%A3%E5%BC%8F%E7%89%88%E9%87%8B%E5%87%BA%E4%B8%BB%E6%89%93JIT%EF%BC%8C%E4%BD%86%E5%8D%BB%E6%9C%83%E9%80%A0%E6%88%90Rails%E6%95%88%E8%83%BD%E4%B8%8B%E9%99%8D&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iThome&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ithome.com.tw%2Fnews%2F127932&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ithome.com.tw/news/155201">Shopify開發團隊公開以Rust重寫Ruby YJIT的權衡與改進細節</a>. iThome. [2023-06-13]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230122033316/https://ithome.com.tw/news/155201">存档</a>于2023-01-22） （中文（繁體））.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3ARuby&rft.atitle=Shopify%E9%96%8B%E7%99%BC%E5%9C%98%E9%9A%8A%E5%85%AC%E9%96%8B%E4%BB%A5Rust%E9%87%8D%E5%AF%ABRuby+YJIT%E7%9A%84%E6%AC%8A%E8%A1%A1%E8%88%87%E6%94%B9%E9%80%B2%E7%B4%B0%E7%AF%80&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iThome&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ithome.com.tw%2Fnews%2F155201&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190705113402/https://www.artima.com/intv/ruby4.html">The Philosophy of Ruby, A Conversation with Yukihiro Matsumoto, Part I by Bill Venners on 2003-09-29 (Artima Developer，英文)</a>. [2007-09-17]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artima.com/intv/ruby4.html">原始内容</a>存档于2019-07-05）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3ARuby&rft.btitle=The+Philosophy+of+Ruby%2C+A+Conversation+with+Yukihiro+Matsumoto%2C+Part+I+by+Bill+Venners+on+2003-09-29+%28Artima+Developer%EF%BC%8C%E8%8B%B1%E6%96%87%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artima.com%2Fintv%2Fruby4.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> [Ruby语言入门东南大学出版社2010年4月第一版P19] </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222052643/http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/documentation/ruby-from-other-languages/to-ruby-from-python/">To Ruby From Python</a>. [2010-10-26]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/documentation/ruby-from-other-languages/to-ruby-from-python/">原始内容</a>存档于2022-02-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3ARuby&rft.btitle=To+Ruby+From+Python&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ruby-lang.org%2Fen%2Fdocumentation%2Fruby-from-other-languages%2Fto-ruby-from-python%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/documentation/ruby-from-other-languages/to-ruby-from-python/">To Ruby From Python</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220222052643/http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/documentation/ruby-from-other-languages/to-ruby-from-python/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>），When tested for truth, only false and nil evaluate to a false value. Everything else is true (including 0, 0.0, "", and []). </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220415151759/https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/11473">Immutable String literal in Ruby 3.</a>. [2017-11-27]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/11473">原始内容</a>存档于2022-04-15）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3ARuby&rft.btitle=Immutable+String+literal+in+Ruby+3.&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbugs.ruby-lang.org%2Fissues%2F11473&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> Perl 6於2019年10月更名為<a href="/wiki/Perl_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Perl 6">Raku</a>。 </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924060834/http://www.openfoundry.org/index.php?option=com_content&Itemid=1&id=188&task=view">存档副本</a>. [2013-10-22]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.openfoundry.org/index.php?option=com_content&Itemid=1&id=188&task=view">原始内容</a>存档于2015-09-24）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3ARuby&rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.openfoundry.org%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26Itemid%3D1%26id%3D188%26task%3Dview&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.csdn.net/eiffelqiu/archive/2004/02/04/19869.aspx">O'Reilly訪問Matz。</a>. [2007-07-20]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090728061954/http://blog.csdn.net/eiffelqiu/archive/2004/02/04/19869.aspx">存档</a>于2009-07-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3ARuby&rft.btitle=O%27Reilly%E8%A8%AA%E5%95%8FMatz%E3%80%82&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.csdn.net%2Feiffelqiu%2Farchive%2F2004%2F02%2F04%2F19869.aspx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perlchina.org/archive/archive.php?action=archive&page=39">Larry Wall On Perl, Religion, and……</a>. [2007-07-20]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070729075423/http://www.perlchina.org/archive/archive.php?action=archive&page=39">存档</a>于2007-07-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3ARuby&rft.btitle=Larry+Wall+On+Perl%2C+Religion%2C+and%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perlchina.org%2Farchive%2Farchive.php%3Faction%3Darchive%26page%3D39&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121120205204/http://www.infoq.com/cn/news/2007/05/guido-python">Guido談Python 3000及與Ruby的競爭。</a>. [2007-07-23]. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoq.com/cn/news/2007/05/guido-python">原始内容</a>存档于2012-11-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3ARuby&rft.btitle=Guido%E8%AB%87Python+3000%E5%8F%8A%E8%88%87Ruby%E7%9A%84%E7%AB%B6%E7%88%AD%E3%80%82&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoq.com%2Fcn%2Fnews%2F2007%2F05%2Fguido-python&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結">外部連結</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruby&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节：外部連結">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ruby-lang.org/">Ruby的官方网站</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200108175215/http://www.ruby-lang.org/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040926003428/http://www.rubycentral.com/book/">《Programming Ruby》網路版</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130805082318/http://raa.ruby-lang.org/">Ruby Application Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060812164344/http://rubyforge.org/">RubyForge</a>提供一個類似<a href="/wiki/SourceForge" title="SourceForge">SourceForge</a>和Freshmeat的環境給用Ruby或給Ruby寫的工具，現已停止運營。</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171229223014/http://ruby-doc.org/">Ruby Documentation project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20070517233550/http://www.meshplex.org/wiki/Ruby/Ruby_on_Rails_programming_tutorials">Full Ruby on Rails Tutorial</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tryruby.org/">TryRuby</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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title="Go">Go</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ballerina%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ballerina语言（页面不存在）">Ballerina</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballerina_(programming_language)" class="extiw" title="en:Ballerina (programming language)">Ballerina (programming language)</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E5%90%91%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="面向对象程序设计">面向对象</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simula" title="Simula">Simula 67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objective-C" title="Objective-C">Objective-C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiffel" title="Eiffel">Eiffel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_Pascal" title="Object Pascal">Object Pascal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delphi" title="Delphi">Delphi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self" title="Self">Self</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Lisp%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="Common Lisp对象系统">CLOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic">Visual Basic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gambas" title="Gambas">Gambas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada" title="Ada">Ada 95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%E2%99%AF" title="C♯">C#</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vala" title="Vala">Vala</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crystal%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crystal语言（页面不存在）">Crystal</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_(programming_language)" class="extiw" title="en:Crystal (programming language)">Crystal (programming language)</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E9%87%8D%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%8C%83%E5%9E%8B" title="多重编程范型">多范型</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modula-3" title="Modula-3">Modula-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dylan%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Dylan语言">Dylan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Python" title="Python">Python</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lua" title="Lua">Lua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ruby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="D語言">D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factor%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Factor语言">Factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scala" title="Scala">Scala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%E2%99%AF" title="F♯">F#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haxe" title="Haxe">Haxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nim" title="Nim">Nim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chapel%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chapel语言（页面不存在）">Chapel</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapel_(programming_language)" class="extiw" title="en:Chapel (programming language)">Chapel (programming language)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rust" title="Rust">Rust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotlin" title="Kotlin">Kotlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dart" title="Dart">Dart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="Swift語言">Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zig" title="Zig">Zig</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ring%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ring语言（页面不存在）">Ring</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_(programming_language)" class="extiw" title="en:Ring (programming language)">Ring (programming language)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=V%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="V语言（页面不存在）">V</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V_(programming_language)" class="extiw" title="en:V (programming language)">V (programming language)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojo" title="Mojo">Mojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Carbon语言">Carbon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E5%BC%8F%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B" title="函数式编程">函数式</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LISP" title="LISP">LISP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scheme" title="Scheme">Scheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Lisp" title="Common Lisp">Common Lisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clojure" title="Clojure">Clojure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logo_(%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80)" title="Logo (程序语言)">Logo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APL%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="APL語言">APL</a>/<tt><a href="/wiki/J%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="J语言">J</a></tt></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ML%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="ML语言">ML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_ML" title="Standard ML">Standard ML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCaml" title="OCaml">OCaml</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlang" title="Erlang">Erlang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elixir_(%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80)" title="Elixir (编程语言)">Elixir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haskell" title="Haskell">Haskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAC%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="SAC语言">SAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agda" title="Agda">Agda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idris" title="Idris">Idris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jq%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Jq语言">jq</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gleam%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gleam语言（页面不存在）">Gleam</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gleam_(programming_language)" class="extiw" title="en:Gleam (programming language)">Gleam (programming language)</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%8F%E8%BC%AF%E7%B7%A8%E7%A8%8B" title="邏輯編程">逻辑式</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">Prolog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Datalog" title="Datalog">Datalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Mercury语言">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E7%AD%94%E9%9B%86%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B" title="回答集编程">AnsProlog</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ProbLog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ProbLog（页面不存在）">ProbLog</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProbLog" class="extiw" title="en:ProbLog">ProbLog</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="脚本语言">脚本语言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%81%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="动态语言">动态语言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SNOBOL" title="SNOBOL">SNOBOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icon%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Icon语言">Icon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REXX" title="REXX">REXX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raku" title="Raku">Raku</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tcl" title="Tcl">Tcl</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tk" title="Tk">Tk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Python" title="Python">Python</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lua" title="Lua">Lua</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ruby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hack%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="Hack語言">Hack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ColdFusion%E6%A0%87%E8%AE%B0%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ColdFusion标记语言（页面不存在）">CFML</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ColdFusion_Markup_Language" class="extiw" title="en:ColdFusion Markup Language">ColdFusion Markup Language</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/REBOL" title="REBOL">REBOL</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Red%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Red语言（页面不存在）">Red</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_(programming_language)" class="extiw" title="en:Red (programming language)">Red (programming language)</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Io%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Io语言">Io</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Julia语言">Julia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jq%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Jq语言">jq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unix_shell" title="Unix shell">Shell语言</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unix_shell" title="Unix shell">Unix shell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourne_shell" title="Bourne shell">sh</a>/<a href="/wiki/Almquist_shell" title="Almquist shell">ash</a>/<a href="/wiki/Debian_Almquist_shell" title="Debian Almquist shell">dash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_Shell" title="C Shell">csh</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tcsh" title="Tcsh">tcsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KornShell" title="KornShell">ksh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bash" title="Bash">bash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_shell" title="Z shell">zsh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rc（页面不存在）">rc</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/rc_(Unix_shell)" class="extiw" title="en:rc (Unix shell)">rc (Unix shell)</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sed" title="Sed">sed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AWK" title="AWK">AWK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">ECMA-262</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">ECMAScript</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoffeeScript" title="CoffeeScript">CoffeeScript</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=LiveScript%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="LiveScript语言（页面不存在）">LiveScript</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiveScript_(programming_language)" class="extiw" title="en:LiveScript (programming language)">LiveScript (programming language)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elm%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Elm语言">Elm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PureScript" title="PureScript">PureScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reason%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Reason语言">Reason</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bosque%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bosque语言（页面不存在）">Bosque</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosque_(programming_language)" class="extiw" title="en:Bosque (programming language)">Bosque (programming language)</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">特定平台</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/.NET" title=".NET">.NET</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C%E2%99%AF" title="C♯">C#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B/CLI" title="C++/CLI">C++/CLI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%E2%99%AF" title="F♯">F#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET" title="Visual Basic .NET">VB.NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Small_Basic" title="Microsoft Small Basic">Small Basic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Java%E8%99%9A%E6%8B%9F%E6%9C%BA" title="Java虚拟机">JVM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AspectJ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AspectJ（页面不存在）">AspectJ</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AspectJ" class="extiw" title="en:AspectJ">AspectJ</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scala" title="Scala">Scala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clojure" title="Clojure">Clojure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groovy" title="Groovy">Groovy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotlin" title="Kotlin">Kotlin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%86%E5%9F%9F%E7%89%B9%E5%AE%9A%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="领域特定语言">特定领域</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%90%E7%AE%97%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="运算科学">科学计算</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speakeasy_(%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Speakeasy (计算机环境)（页面不存在）">Speakeasy</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speakeasy_(computational_environment)" class="extiw" title="en:Speakeasy (computational environment)">Speakeasy (computational environment)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E4%BA%92%E5%BC%8F%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="交互式数据语言">IDL</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNU%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="GNU数据语言">GDL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxima" title="Maxima">Maxima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maple" title="Maple">Maple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MATLAB" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Octave" title="GNU Octave">Octave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scilab" title="Scilab">Scilab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfram%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Wolfram语言">Wolfram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="R语言">R</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yorick%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yorick语言（页面不存在）">Yorick</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorick_(programming_language)" class="extiw" title="en:Yorick (programming language)">Yorick (programming language)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SageMath" title="SageMath">SageMath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Julia语言">Julia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E5%99%A8%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97" title="图形处理器通用计算">GPU计算</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cg%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="Cg語言">Cg</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E7%9D%80%E8%89%B2%E5%99%A8%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="高级着色器语言">HLSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLSL" title="GLSL">GLSL</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BrookGPU&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BrookGPU（页面不存在）">Brook</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BrookGPU" class="extiw" title="en:BrookGPU">BrookGPU</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenCL" title="OpenCL">OpenCL</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SYCL" title="SYCL">SYCL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUDA" title="CUDA">CUDA</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B9%B6%E8%A1%8C%E7%BA%BF%E7%A8%8B%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="并行线程执行（页面不存在）">PTX</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_Thread_Execution" class="extiw" title="en:Parallel Thread Execution">Parallel Thread Execution</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futhark%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Futhark语言">Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%8F%AF%E7%A7%BB%E6%A4%8D%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E8%A1%A8%E7%A4%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="标准可移植中间表示（页面不存在）">SPIR-V</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Portable_Intermediate_Representation" class="extiw" title="en:Standard Portable Intermediate Representation">Standard Portable Intermediate Representation</a>）</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E8%A9%A2%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="查詢語言">数据查询</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CODASYL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CODASYL（页面不存在）">CODASYL</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CODASYL" class="extiw" title="en:CODASYL">CODASYL</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PL-SQL" title="PL-SQL">PL/SQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transact-SQL" title="Transact-SQL">T-SQL</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL/PSM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SQL/PSM（页面不存在）">SQL/PSM</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL/PSM" class="extiw" title="en:SQL/PSM">SQL/PSM</a>）</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=XBase&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XBase（页面不存在）">xBase</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/xBase" class="extiw" title="en:xBase">xBase</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=XQuery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="XQuery（页面不存在）">XQuery</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XQuery" class="extiw" title="en:XQuery">XQuery</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GraphQL" title="GraphQL">GraphQL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A6%96%E8%A6%BA%E5%8C%96%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%A8%AD%E8%A8%88%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80" title="視覺化程式設計語言">可视化</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prograph&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prograph（页面不存在）">Prograph</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prograph" class="extiw" title="en:Prograph">Prograph</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulink" title="Simulink">Simulink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LabVIEW" title="LabVIEW">LabVIEW</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orange_(%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orange (软件)（页面不存在）">Orange</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_(software)" class="extiw" title="en:Orange (software)">Orange (software)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=KNIME&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KNIME（页面不存在）">KNIME</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KNIME" class="extiw" title="en:KNIME">KNIME</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scratch" title="Scratch">Scratch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Snap!" title="Snap!">Snap!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIT%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E8%80%85" title="MIT应用开发者">App Inventor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Power_Fx" title="Microsoft Power Fx">Power Fx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%A0%E5%AA%92%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="传媒设计">传媒设计</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SuperCollider" title="SuperCollider">SuperCollider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Data" title="Pure Data">Pure Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AviSynth#AviSynth脚本语言" title="AviSynth">AviSynth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Processing" title="Processing">Processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChucK" title="ChucK">ChucK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其它</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%87%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="汇编语言">汇编语言</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=APT%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="APT语言（页面不存在）">APT</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APT_(programming_language)" class="extiw" title="en:APT (programming language)">APT (programming language)</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GPSS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GPSS（页面不存在）">GPSS</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPSS" class="extiw" title="en:GPSS">GPSS</a>）</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CLIPS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CLIPS（页面不存在）">CLIPS</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLIPS" class="extiw" title="en:CLIPS">CLIPS</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMPL" title="AMPL">AMPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dc_(%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F)" title="Dc (程序)">dc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yacc" title="Yacc">yacc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make" title="Make">make</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostScript#PostScript语言" title="PostScript">PostScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XSLT" title="XSLT">XSLT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LLVM#中间表示" title="LLVM">LLVM IR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B1%E5%A5%A5%E7%9A%84%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="深奥的编程语言">深奥的编程语言</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/16px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/23px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/31px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Category:程序设计语言">目录</a></li> <li><img alt="列表级条目" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="编程语言列表">列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E5%BC%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="程式語言歷史">历史</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="编程语言比较（页面不存在）">比较</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming_languages" class="extiw" title="en:Comparison of programming languages">Comparison of programming languages</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E8%AA%9E%E8%A8%80%E6%99%82%E9%96%93%E7%B7%9A" title="程序語言時間線">时间线</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="網頁技術與標準" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%B6%B2%E9%A0%81%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E8%88%87%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96" title="Template:網頁技術與標準"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E7%B6%B2%E9%A0%81%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E8%88%87%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96" title="Template talk:網頁技術與標準"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%B6%B2%E9%A0%81%E6%8A%80%E8%A1%93%E8%88%87%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:網頁技術與標準"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="網頁技術與標準" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em">網頁技術與標準</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">文档呈现语言</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>*（<a href="/wiki/HTML5" title="HTML5">HTML5</a>*）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XHTML" title="XHTML">XHTML</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XForms" title="XForms">XForms</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%95%E6%85%8BHTML" title="動態HTML">DHTML</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">样式格式描述语言</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E6%89%A9%E5%B1%95%E6%A0%B7%E5%BC%8F%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="可扩展样式语言">XSL</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">动态网页技术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E7%BD%91%E5%85%B3%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3" title="通用网关接口">CGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FastCGI" title="FastCGI">FastCGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_Server_Pages" title="Active Server Pages">ASP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASP.NET" title="ASP.NET">ASP.NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_ColdFusion" title="Adobe ColdFusion">ColdFusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JSP" title="JSP">JSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a>（<a href="/w/index.php?title=PSGI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PSGI（页面不存在）">PSGI</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Python" title="Python">Python</a>（<a href="/wiki/Web%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E5%99%A8%E7%BD%91%E5%85%B3%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3" title="Web服务器网关接口">WSGI</a>）</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ruby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">用戶端互動技术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JavaFX" title="JavaFX">JavaFX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AJAX" title="AJAX">AJAX</a>（<a href="/wiki/XMLHttpRequest" title="XMLHttpRequest">XMLHTTP</a>*）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebSocket" title="WebSocket">WebSocket</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ActionScript" title="ActionScript">ActionScript</a>（<a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flash" title="Adobe Flash">Flash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Flex" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Flex">Flex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adobe_Integrated_Runtime" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Integrated Runtime">AIR</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asm.js" title="Asm.js">Asm.js</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_Client" title="Native Client">NaCl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_applet" title="Java applet">Java applet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">用戶端手稿語言</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">ECMAScript</a>（<a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>，<a href="/wiki/JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">标识定位语言</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D%E7%AC%A6" title="统一资源定位符">URL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E8%B5%84%E6%BA%90%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E7%AC%A6" title="统一资源标识符">URI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XPath" title="XPath">XPath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/URL%E9%87%8D%E5%AF%AB" title="URL重寫">URL重寫</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">文档纲要语言</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89" title="文档类型定义">DTD</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Schema" title="XML Schema">XML Schema</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* 代表由<a href="/wiki/W3C" class="mw-redirect" title="W3C">W3C</a>制定和维护的标准与规范</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161053#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&#125;--&#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&#125;-_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161053#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161053#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4424926">西班牙</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb144105976">法国</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb144105976">BnF data</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4653817-3">德国</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007290697005171">以色列</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh00000128">美国</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph503938&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/07705802X">IdRef</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ruby&oldid=84265070">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ruby&oldid=84265070</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB" title="Special:页面分类">分类</a>：<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ruby" title="Category:Ruby">Ruby</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Category:程序设计语言">程序设计语言</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Category:脚本语言">脚本语言</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%9D%A2%E5%90%91%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Category:面向文本编程语言">面向文本编程语言</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E9%9D%A2%E5%90%91%E5%AF%B9%E8%B1%A1%E7%9A%84%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Category:面向对象的编程语言">面向对象的编程语言</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8E%E7%B1%BB%E7%9A%84%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Category:基于类的编程语言">基于类的编程语言</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:ISO%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%8C%96%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" 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