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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Private school in Portland, Oregon, U.S.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">National University of Natural Medicine</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nunm_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Nunm_01.jpg/250px-Nunm_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Nunm_01.jpg/375px-Nunm_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Nunm_01.jpg/500px-Nunm_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2784" data-file-height="3480" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Former names</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">National College of Naturopathic Medicine</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data">The profession's college since 1956</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1956</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/University_president" class="mw-redirect" title="University president">President</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Melanie Henriksen</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Students</th><td class="infobox-data">575</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="state"><a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></div>, <div style="display:inline" class="country-name">United States</div><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=National_University_of_Natural_Medicine&params=45.5016_N_122.6767_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°30′06″N</span> <span class="longitude">122°40′36″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.5016°N 122.6767°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">45.5016; -122.6767</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Athletic_nickname" title="Athletic nickname">Nickname</a></th><td class="infobox-data">National, NUNM</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data">American Association of Naturopathic Physicians; Association of Accredited Naturopathic Medical Colleges</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Mascot</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(mythology)" title="Phoenix (mythology)">Phoenix</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nunm.edu/">www<wbr />.nunm<wbr />.edu</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>National University of Natural Medicine</b> (<b>NUNM</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Private_university" title="Private university">private university</a> of <a href="/wiki/Naturopathy" title="Naturopathy">naturopathic</a> medicine, <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">Classical Chinese medicine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nutrition" title="Nutrition">nutrition</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Terry_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Terry-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The school has approximately 553 students.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>NUNM and similar naturopathic programs are not accredited as <a href="/wiki/Medical_school" title="Medical school">medical schools</a> but as special programs that are overseen by a naturopathic council which is not required to be scientific.<sup id="cite_ref-health-robbers_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-health-robbers-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MMStestimony2015_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MMStestimony2015-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hermes-accred_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hermes-accred-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Naturopathic programs have been accused by critics of misrepresenting their medical rigor and their ability to train <a href="/wiki/Primary_care" title="Primary care">primary care</a> clinicians.<sup id="cite_ref-atwood2003_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atwood2003-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thielking2016_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thielking2016-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LeMieux2016_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeMieux2016-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2024 report found that students in NUNM's medical doctorate program had the highest debt-to-income ratio among graduate programs in the US, at 766%.<sup id="cite_ref-opb-part2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opb-part2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-scorecard-data_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scorecard-data-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_University_of_Natural_Medicine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/National_University_of_Natural_Medicine" title="Special:EditPage/National University of Natural Medicine">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NCNM_students_outdoors.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/NCNM_students_outdoors.jpg/170px-NCNM_students_outdoors.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/NCNM_students_outdoors.jpg/255px-NCNM_students_outdoors.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/NCNM_students_outdoors.jpg/340px-NCNM_students_outdoors.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="324" /></a><figcaption>Students on campus</figcaption></figure> <p>The National University of Natural Medicine is the oldest programmatically accredited naturopathic medical school in North America. NUNM began in the early 1950s, in response to the termination of the naturopathic program at <a href="/wiki/Western_States_Chiropractic_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Western States Chiropractic College">Western States Chiropractic College</a>. Members of the profession from <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a> planned the founding of the school and in May 1956, Charles Stone, W. Martin Bleything and Frank Spaulding executed the <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Incorporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Articles of Incorporation">Articles of Incorporation</a> of the National College of Naturopathic Medicine in <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>NCNM opened other satellite campus locations in <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>. NCNM's board of trustees and college administration (including <a href="/wiki/John_Bastyr" class="mw-redirect" title="John Bastyr">John Bastyr</a>, Joe Boucher, Robert Fleming, Gerald Farnsworth, Joe Pizzorno and Bruce Canvasser) decided to unify all of its campus locations in Portland.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The first physical location owned by the college was the Market Street campus in southeast Portland.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_College_of_Naturopathic_Medicine_(Portland,_Oregon).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/National_College_of_Naturopathic_Medicine_%28Portland%2C_Oregon%29.jpg/170px-National_College_of_Naturopathic_Medicine_%28Portland%2C_Oregon%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/National_College_of_Naturopathic_Medicine_%28Portland%2C_Oregon%29.jpg/255px-National_College_of_Naturopathic_Medicine_%28Portland%2C_Oregon%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/National_College_of_Naturopathic_Medicine_%28Portland%2C_Oregon%29.jpg/340px-National_College_of_Naturopathic_Medicine_%28Portland%2C_Oregon%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="507" data-file-height="676" /></a><figcaption>Entrance to the building in April 2006, showing the college's pre-2006 name</figcaption></figure> <p>By 1995, the college began negotiations to purchase its current location in downtown Portland. Classes were relocated to this campus in September 1996 and clinical education was housed in two clinics (<a href="/wiki/Natural_Health_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural Health Center">Natural Health Center</a> and the Pettygrove Clinic). The historic building that has served as NCNM's main campus since 1996 was built in 1912 as an elementary school named Failing School (in honor of former mayor <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Failing" title="Josiah Failing">Josiah Failing</a>) and from 1961 until the 1990s was a <a href="/wiki/Portland_Community_College" title="Portland Community College">Portland Community College</a> campus.<sup id="cite_ref-oreg-16sep2007_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oreg-16sep2007-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2009, these clinics were consolidated into one location on campus, the NCNM Clinic.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In July 2006, NCNM changed its name to the National College of Natural Medicine.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In June 2016, the school changed its name to the National University of Natural Medicine.<sup id="cite_ref-Terry_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Terry-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2024, <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Public_Broadcasting" title="Oregon Public Broadcasting">Oregon Public Broadcasting</a> reported that students who pursued doctorates of naturopathic medicine typically took on high levels of debt. For NUNM, the median loan was $263,594 and the median earnings were $34,431, resulting in a debt to earnings ratio of 766%. This was the highest ratio among graduate programs in the US.<sup id="cite_ref-opb-part2_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opb-part2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-scorecard-data_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scorecard-data-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academics">Academics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_University_of_Natural_Medicine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Academics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NCNM_students.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/NCNM_students.jpg/170px-NCNM_students.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/NCNM_students.jpg/255px-NCNM_students.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/NCNM_students.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="212" /></a><figcaption>Students on campus</figcaption></figure> <p>NUNM has four colleges/schools: College of Naturopathic Medicine, College of Classical Chinese Medicine, and School of Undergraduate and Graduate Studies. It offers seven professional graduate degree programs: Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine (ND), Doctor of Acupuncture with a Chinese Herbal Medicine Specialization (DAcCHM), Master of Acupuncture with a Chinese Herbal Medicine Specialization (MAcCHM), Master of Acupuncture (MAc), Master of Science in Nutrition, and Master of Science in Global Health. Undergraduate programs include nutrition and integrative health sciences. These programs include preparation and clinical practice in <a href="/wiki/Holism" title="Holism">holism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>NUNM is a member of the American Association of Naturopathic Medical Colleges and is accredited by the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Commission_on_Colleges_and_Universities" title="Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities">Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities</a>, the Council on Naturopathic Medical Education and the <a href="/wiki/Accreditation_Commission_for_Acupuncture_and_Herbal_Medicine" title="Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine">Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/The_Princeton_Review" title="The Princeton Review">The Princeton Review</a> reports that naturopathic medicine program had an acceptance rate of 82% with an average undergraduate GPA of 3.38.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NUNM_Clinic">NUNM Clinic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_University_of_Natural_Medicine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: NUNM Clinic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NCNM_Clinic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/NCNM_Clinic.jpg/220px-NCNM_Clinic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/NCNM_Clinic.jpg/330px-NCNM_Clinic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/NCNM_Clinic.jpg/440px-NCNM_Clinic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="358" /></a><figcaption>The NUNM Health Center (<i>pictured in 2009</i>) is the primary teaching clinic of National University of Natural Medicine.</figcaption></figure> <p>The NUNM Health Center is a <a href="/wiki/Teaching_clinic" title="Teaching clinic">teaching clinic</a> where licensed naturopathic doctors and acupuncturists work with and train students. It is owned and managed by the university. The health center features a medicinary, private offices, conference rooms and a state-licensed laboratory. </p><p>The university also has several community clinics, in conjunction with other agencies and as a member of the Coalition of Community Clinics,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which offers low-cost naturopathic care and acupuncture in the Portland metropolitan area.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, the NUNM Community Clinics provided services to more than 40,000 patients.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campus">Campus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_University_of_Natural_Medicine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Campus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Josiah_Failing_School_sign_on_west_roof_of_NCNM_Portland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Josiah_Failing_School_sign_on_west_roof_of_NCNM_Portland.jpg/220px-Josiah_Failing_School_sign_on_west_roof_of_NCNM_Portland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Josiah_Failing_School_sign_on_west_roof_of_NCNM_Portland.jpg/330px-Josiah_Failing_School_sign_on_west_roof_of_NCNM_Portland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Josiah_Failing_School_sign_on_west_roof_of_NCNM_Portland.jpg/440px-Josiah_Failing_School_sign_on_west_roof_of_NCNM_Portland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3197" /></a><figcaption>Failing School sign still in place on the roofline of NUNM's main building</figcaption></figure> <p>NUNM's main building was constructed in 1912 as an elementary school in the <a href="/wiki/Portland_Public_Schools_(Oregon)" title="Portland Public Schools (Oregon)">Portland Public Schools</a> system, named <b>Failing School</b>, for former mayor <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Failing" title="Josiah Failing">Josiah Failing</a>. It was a replacement for an 1883-built wooden school building with that name, located about two blocks away,<sup id="cite_ref-Closure_of_Failing_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Closure_of_Failing-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was torn down in 1922.<sup id="cite_ref-oreg-16sep2007_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oreg-16sep2007-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NUNM building was designed by <a href="/wiki/Whitehouse_%26_Fouilhoux" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitehouse & Fouilhoux">Whitehouse & Fouilhoux</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-oreg-jul1928_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oreg-jul1928-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the architectural firm of <a href="/wiki/Morris_H._Whitehouse" title="Morris H. Whitehouse">Morris H. Whitehouse</a> and <a href="/wiki/J._Andr%C3%A9_Fouilhoux" title="J. André Fouilhoux">Jacques Fouilhoux</a>. A distinctive feature is the <a href="/wiki/Sundial" title="Sundial">sundial</a>, instead of a traditional clock, adorning the south façade near the roof.<sup id="cite_ref-oreg-sep64_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oreg-sep64-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Failing School closed in spring 1959,<sup id="cite_ref-Closure_of_Failing_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Closure_of_Failing-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the building was used by Portland public schools for a vocational training program for graduates beginning in fall 1959. In 1961, this program was renamed <a href="/wiki/Portland_Community_College" title="Portland Community College">Portland Community College</a> and the building was renamed the Adult Education Center.<sup id="cite_ref-oreg17apr61_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oreg17apr61-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The building was extensively renovated in 1964 for expansion of PCC's vocational programs.<sup id="cite_ref-oreg-sep64_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oreg-sep64-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1971, the building was sold to Portland Community College,<sup id="cite_ref-oreg-4oct96_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oreg-4oct96-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it was later renamed the Ross Island Center.<sup id="cite_ref-oreg-16sep2007_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oreg-16sep2007-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 1996, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Naito" title="Bill Naito">Bill Naito</a>'s company, H. Naito Corporation, purchased the building, with tentative plans to convert it into <a href="/wiki/Condominium_(living_space)" class="mw-redirect" title="Condominium (living space)">condominiums</a>. Bill Naito said that part of his motivation was to save the historic structure.<sup id="cite_ref-oreg-4oct96_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oreg-4oct96-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Naito died suddenly in May 1996, and the plans to convert the building were dropped. A few months later, in September 1996, the Naito Corp. sold the building to the National College of Naturopathic Medicine.<sup id="cite_ref-oreg-4oct96_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oreg-4oct96-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_University_of_Natural_Medicine&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Homeopathy" title="Homeopathy">Homeopathy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naturopathy" title="Naturopathy">Naturopathy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">Pseudoscience</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Alternative_medicine" title="Category:Alternative medicine">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Outline-body-aura.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Outline-body-aura.svg/60px-Outline-body-aura.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Outline-body-aura.svg/90px-Outline-body-aura.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Outline-body-aura.svg/120px-Outline-body-aura.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">General information</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_alternative_medicine" title="History of alternative medicine">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terminology_of_alternative_medicine" title="Terminology of alternative medicine">Terminology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_veterinary_medicine" title="Alternative veterinary medicine">Alternative veterinary medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quackery" title="Quackery">Quackery</a> (health fraud)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine#19th_century:_rise_of_modern_medicine" title="History of medicine">Rise of modern medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">Pseudoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiscience" title="Antiscience">Antiscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skepticism" title="Skepticism">Skepticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_skepticism" title="Scientific skepticism">Scientific</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_nihilism" title="Therapeutic nihilism">Therapeutic nihilism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Fringe medicine and science</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acupressure" title="Acupressure">Acupressure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acupuncture" title="Acupuncture">Acupuncture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_diet" title="Alkaline diet">Alkaline diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophic_medicine" title="Anthroposophic medicine">Anthroposophic medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apitherapy" title="Apitherapy">Apitherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_kinesiology" title="Applied kinesiology">Applied kinesiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromatherapy" title="Aromatherapy">Aromatherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_Research_and_Enlightenment" title="Association for Research and Enlightenment">Association for Research and Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auriculotherapy" title="Auriculotherapy">Auriculotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bates_method" title="Bates method">Bates method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_terrain_assessment" title="Biological terrain assessment">Biological terrain assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_salve" title="Black salve">Black salve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodywork_(alternative_medicine)" title="Bodywork (alternative medicine)">Bodywork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_bone-setting" title="Traditional bone-setting">Bone-setting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowen_technique" title="Bowen technique">Bowen technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breathwork_(New_Age)" title="Breathwork (New Age)">Breathwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unproven_methods_against_COVID-19" title="List of unproven methods against COVID-19">Fake COVID-19 treatments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camel_urine" title="Camel urine">Camel urine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_cancer_treatments" title="Alternative cancer treatments">Cancer treatments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Activated_charcoal_cleanse" title="Activated charcoal cleanse">Charcoal cleanse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiropractic" title="Chiropractic">Chiropractic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chiropractic_treatment_techniques" title="Chiropractic treatment techniques">Chiropractic treatment techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertebral_subluxation" title="Vertebral subluxation">Vertebral subluxation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Science" title="Christian Science">Christian Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromotherapy" title="Chromotherapy">Chromotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colloidal_silver" class="mw-redirect" title="Colloidal silver">Colloidal silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colon_cleansing" title="Colon cleansing">Colon cleansing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_enema" title="Coffee enema">Coffee enema</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorpuncture" title="Colorpuncture">Colorpuncture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_therapy" title="Conversion therapy">Conversion therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craniosacral_therapy" title="Craniosacral therapy">Craniosacral therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crystal_healing" title="Crystal healing">Crystal healing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupping_therapy" title="Cupping therapy">Cupping therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dental_amalgam_controversy" title="Dental amalgam controversy">Dental amalgam controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detoxification_(alternative_medicine)" title="Detoxification (alternative medicine)">Detoxification</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detoxification_foot_baths" title="Detoxification foot baths">Foot detox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_needling" title="Dry needling">Dry needling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ear_candling" title="Ear candling">Ear candling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_medicine" title="Energy medicine">Energy medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Correactology" title="Correactology">Correactology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_(esotericism)" title="Energy (esotericism)">Esoteric energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reiki" title="Reiki">Reiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therapeutic_touch" title="Therapeutic touch">Therapeutic touch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrogen_dominance" title="Estrogen dominance">Estrogen dominance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabunan_Antiviral_Injection" title="Fabunan Antiviral Injection">Fabunan Antiviral Injection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Facilitated_communication" title="Facilitated communication">Facilitated communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FasciaBlaster" title="FasciaBlaster">FasciaBlaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feldenkrais_Method" title="Feldenkrais Method">Feldenkrais Method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functional_medicine" title="Functional medicine">Functional medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_analysis_(alternative_medicine)" title="Hair analysis (alternative medicine)">Hair analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holistic_dentistry" title="Holistic dentistry">Holistic dentistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hologram_bracelet" title="Hologram bracelet">Hologram bracelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeopathy" title="Homeopathy">Homeopathy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bach_flower_remedies" title="Bach flower remedies">Bach flower remedies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrotherapy" title="Hydrotherapy">Hydrotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnotherapy" title="Hypnotherapy">Hypnotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionized_jewelry" title="Ionized jewelry">Ionized jewelry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridology" title="Iridology">Iridology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jilly_Juice" title="Jilly Juice">Jilly Juice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lightning_Process" title="The Lightning Process">Lightning Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lymphotherapy" title="Lymphotherapy">Lymphotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnet_therapy" title="Magnet therapy">Magnet therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manual_therapy" title="Manual therapy">Manual therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manual_lymphatic_drainage" title="Manual lymphatic drainage">Manual lymphatic drainage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_intuitive" title="Medical intuitive">Medical intuitive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megavitamin_therapy" title="Megavitamin therapy">Megavitamin therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_magnetism" title="Animal magnetism">Mesmerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind%E2%80%93body_interventions" title="Mind–body interventions">Mind–body interventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle_Mineral_Supplement" title="Miracle Mineral Supplement">MMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myofascial_release" title="Myofascial release">Myofascial release</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nambudripad%27s_Allergy_Elimination_Techniques" title="Nambudripad's Allergy Elimination Techniques">NAET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturopathy" title="Naturopathy">Naturopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_pulling" title="Oil pulling">Oil pulling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orgone" title="Orgone">Orgone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthomolecular_medicine" title="Orthomolecular medicine">Orthomolecular medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopathy" title="Orthopathy">Orthopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteomyology" title="Osteomyology">Osteomyology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osteopathy" title="Osteopathy">Osteopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozone_therapy" title="Ozone therapy">Ozone therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parapsychology" title="Parapsychology">Parapsychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrenology" title="Phrenology">Phrenology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postural_Integration" title="Postural Integration">Postural Integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychic_surgery" title="Psychic surgery">Psychic surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychodermatology" title="Psychodermatology">Psychodermatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_healing" title="Quantum healing">Quantum healing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radionics" title="Radionics">Radionics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_prompting_method" title="Rapid prompting method">Rapid prompting method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflexology" title="Reflexology">Reflexology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichian_body-oriented_psychotherapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Reichian body-oriented psychotherapy">RBOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolfing" title="Rolfing">Rolfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ThetaHealing" title="ThetaHealing">ThetaHealing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomsonianism" title="Thomsonianism">Thomsonianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thought_Field_Therapy" title="Thought Field Therapy">Thought Field Therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urophagia" title="Urophagia">Urophagia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaginal_steaming" title="Vaginal steaming">Vaginal steaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetotherapy" title="Vegetotherapy">Vegetotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_therapy" title="Vision therapy">Vision therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitalism" title="Vitalism">Vitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_blood_transfusion" title="Young blood transfusion">Young blood transfusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_balancing" title="Zero balancing">Zero balancing</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Controversies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Pharma_conspiracy_theories" title="Big Pharma conspiracy theories">Big Pharma conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_denialism" title="HIV/AIDS denialism">HIV/AIDS denialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oral_polio_vaccine_AIDS_hypothesis" title="Oral polio vaccine AIDS hypothesis">OPV AIDS hypothesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-vaccine_activism" title="Anti-vaccine activism">Anti-vaccinationism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaccine_misinformation" title="Vaccine misinformation">Vaccine misinformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaccines_and_autism" title="Vaccines and autism">Vaccines and autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMR_vaccine_and_autism" title="MMR vaccine and autism">MMR vaccine and autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-vaccinationism_in_chiropractic" title="Anti-vaccinationism in chiropractic">in chiropractic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_fluoridation_controversy" title="Water fluoridation controversy">Water fluoridation controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_misinformation" title="COVID-19 misinformation">COVID-19 misinformation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turbo_cancer" title="Turbo cancer">Turbo cancer</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine#NCCIH_classification" title="Alternative medicine">Classifications</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alternative_medical_systems" title="Category:Alternative medical systems">Alternative medical systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mind%E2%80%93body_interventions" title="Category:Mind–body interventions">Mind–body intervention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Biologically_based_therapies" title="Category:Biologically based therapies">Biologically based therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Manual_therapy" title="Category:Manual therapy">Manipulative methods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Energy_therapies" title="Category:Energy therapies">Energy therapy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">Traditional medicine</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_medicine" title="Traditional African medicine">African</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muti" title="Muti">Muti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_healers_of_Southern_Africa" title="Traditional healers of Southern Africa">Southern Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dosha" title="Dosha">Dosha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maharishi_Vedic_Approach_to_Health" title="Maharishi Vedic Approach to Health">MVAH</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balneotherapy" title="Balneotherapy">Balneotherapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_traditional_medicine" title="Brazilian traditional medicine">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_medicine" title="Bush medicine">Bush medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Cambodian_medicine" title="Traditional Cambodian medicine">Cambodian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood_stasis" title="Blood stasis">Blood stasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_herbology" title="Chinese herbology">Chinese herbology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dit_da" title="Dit da">Dit da</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gua_sha" title="Gua sha">Gua sha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gill_plate_trade" title="Gill plate trade">Gill plate trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_gu" title="Long gu">Long gu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridian_(Chinese_medicine)" title="Meridian (Chinese medicine)">Meridian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moxibustion" title="Moxibustion">Moxibustion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure_point" title="Pressure point">Pressure point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qi" title="Qi">Qi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jiao" title="San Jiao">San Jiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tui_na" title="Tui na">Tui na</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zang-fu" class="mw-redirect" title="Zang-fu">Zang-fu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chumash_traditional_medicine" title="Chumash traditional medicine">Chumash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curandero" title="Curandero">Curandero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_healing" title="Faith healing">Faith healing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbal_medicine" title="Herbal medicine">Herbal medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilot" title="Hilot">Hilot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_traditional_medicine" title="Iranian traditional medicine">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamu" title="Jamu">Jamu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayakalpa" title="Kayakalpa">Kayakalpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambo_cleanse" class="mw-redirect" title="Kambo cleanse">Kambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampo" title="Kampo">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Korean_medicine" title="Traditional Korean medicine">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_medicine" title="Maya medicine">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mien_Shiang" title="Mien Shiang">Mien Shiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Mongolian_medicine" title="Traditional Mongolian medicine">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naftalan_oil" title="Naftalan oil">Naftalan oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophetic_medicine" title="Prophetic medicine">Prophetic medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">Shamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiatsu" title="Shiatsu">Shiatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddha_medicine" title="Siddha medicine">Siddha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_traditional_medicine" title="Sri Lankan traditional medicine">Sri Lankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_massage" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai massage">Thai massage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Tibetan_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional Tibetan medicine">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unani_medicine" title="Unani medicine">Unani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Vietnamese_medicine" title="Traditional Vietnamese medicine">Vietnamese</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center; background:lavender;;color: var(--color-base)">Alternative diagnoses</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrenal_fatigue" title="Adrenal fatigue">Adrenal fatigue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerotoxic_syndrome" title="Aerotoxic syndrome">Aerotoxic syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candida_hypersensitivity" title="Candida hypersensitivity">Candida hypersensitivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_Lyme_disease" title="Chronic Lyme disease">Chronic Lyme disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_hypersensitivity" title="Electromagnetic hypersensitivity">Electromagnetic hypersensitivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_legs" title="Heavy legs">Heavy legs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaky_gut_syndrome" title="Leaky gut syndrome">Leaky gut syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_chemical_sensitivity" title="Multiple chemical sensitivity">Multiple chemical sensitivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PANDAS" title="PANDAS">PANDAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertebral_subluxation" title="Vertebral subluxation">Vertebral subluxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson%27s_temperature_syndrome" title="Wilson's temperature syndrome">Wilson's temperature syndrome</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alternative_medicine_sidebar" title="Template:Alternative medicine sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alternative_medicine_sidebar" title="Template talk:Alternative medicine sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alternative_medicine_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alternative medicine sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Research conducted at NCNM has been called a misuse of research funds, as 2.4 million dollars from 2005 to 2012 were granted by the <a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Complementary_and_Integrative_Health" title="National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health">National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health</a> (NCCIH) and used to support unproven therapies.<sup id="cite_ref-Mielczarek2014_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mielczarek2014-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The naturopathic curriculum has been criticized for teaching pseudoscience and <a href="/wiki/Quackery" title="Quackery">quackery</a>, as courses in homeopathy, herbalism, acupuncture, and other alternative treatments without a solid evidence basis are taught as "<a href="/wiki/Primary_care" title="Primary care">primary care medicine</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-atwood2003_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atwood2003-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Barrett-Naturopathy_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barrett-Naturopathy-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_University_of_Natural_Medicine&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Terry-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Terry_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Terry_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTerry2016" class="citation news cs1">Terry, Lynne (June 28, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/health/index.ssf/2016/06/portlands_national_college_of_1.html">"Portland's National College of Natural Medicine becomes university"</a>. <i>The Oregonian/OregonLive</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian%2FOregonLive&rft.atitle=Portland%27s+National+College+of+Natural+Medicine+becomes+university&rft.date=2016-06-28&rft.aulast=Terry&rft.aufirst=Lynne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fhealth%2Findex.ssf%2F2016%2F06%2Fportlands_national_college_of_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+University+of+Natural+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank2008" class="citation news cs1">Frank, Ryan (October 1, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oregonlive.com/business/index.ssf/2008/10/natural_medicine_school_expand.html">"Natural medicine school expands Portland campus"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oregonian" title="The Oregonian">The Oregonian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-10-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Oregonian&rft.atitle=Natural+medicine+school+expands+Portland+campus&rft.date=2008-10-01&rft.aulast=Frank&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oregonlive.com%2Fbusiness%2Findex.ssf%2F2008%2F10%2Fnatural_medicine_school_expand.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+University+of+Natural+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-health-robbers-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-health-robbers_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrettJarvis1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Barrett" title="Stephen Barrett">Barrett, Stephen</a>; Jarvis, William T. (1993). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/healthrobberscl00barr/page/236"><i>The Health Robbers: A Close Look at Quackery in America</i></a></span>. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/healthrobberscl00barr/page/236">236</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87975-855-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-87975-855-4"><bdi>0-87975-855-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Health+Robbers%3A+A+Close+Look+at+Quackery+in+America&rft.place=Buffalo%2C+NY&rft.pages=236&rft.pub=Prometheus+Books&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-87975-855-4&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.au=Jarvis%2C+William+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhealthrobberscl00barr%2Fpage%2F236&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+University+of+Natural+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MMStestimony2015-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MMStestimony2015_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMassachusetts_Medical_Society2015" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Medical_Society" title="Massachusetts Medical Society">Massachusetts Medical Society</a> (17 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.massmed.org/Advocacy/MMS-Testimony/MMS-Testimony-in-Opposition-to-H--1992-and-S--1205,-An-Act-to-Create-a-Board-of-Registration-in-Naturopathy/">"MMS Testimony in Opposition to H. 1992 and S. 1205, An Act to Create a Board of Registration in Naturopathy"</a>. <i>www.massmed.org</i>. Massachusetts Medical Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.massmed.org&rft.atitle=MMS+Testimony+in+Opposition+to+H.+1992+and+S.+1205%2C+An+Act+to+Create+a+Board+of+Registration+in+Naturopathy&rft.date=2015-11-17&rft.au=Massachusetts+Medical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.massmed.org%2FAdvocacy%2FMMS-Testimony%2FMMS-Testimony-in-Opposition-to-H--1992-and-S--1205%2C-An-Act-to-Create-a-Board-of-Registration-in-Naturopathy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+University+of+Natural+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hermes-accred-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hermes-accred_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHermes2015" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Britt_Marie_Hermes" title="Britt Marie Hermes">Hermes, Britt</a> (29 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/nd-confession-part-ii-the-accreditation-of-naturopathic-medical-education/">"ND Confession, Part II: The Accreditation of Naturopathic "Medical" Education"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Science-Based_Medicine" title="Science-Based Medicine">Science-Based Medicine</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science-Based+Medicine&rft.atitle=ND+Confession%2C+Part+II%3A+The+Accreditation+of+Naturopathic+%22Medical%22+Education&rft.date=2015-08-29&rft.aulast=Hermes&rft.aufirst=Britt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencebasedmedicine.org%2Fnd-confession-part-ii-the-accreditation-of-naturopathic-medical-education%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+University+of+Natural+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-atwood2003-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-atwood2003_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-atwood2003_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtwood2003" class="citation journal cs1">Atwood, Kimball C. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-03-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=QuackWatch&rft.atitle=A+close+look+at+naturopathy&rft.date=2013-11-26&rft.aulast=Barrett&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.quackwatch.org%2F01QuackeryRelatedTopics%2FNaturopathy%2Fnaturopathy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+University+of+Natural+Medicine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_University_of_Natural_Medicine&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Colleges_and_universities_in_Oregon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Colleges_and_universities_in_Oregon" title="Template:Colleges and universities in Oregon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Colleges_and_universities_in_Oregon" title="Template talk:Colleges and universities in Oregon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Colleges_and_universities_in_Oregon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Colleges and universities in Oregon"><abbr title="Edit this 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Medicine">OCOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_University" title="Pacific University">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_College_of_Art" title="Pacific Northwest College of Art">PNCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_College" title="Reed College">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Western_States" title="University of Western States">UWS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willamette_University" title="Willamette University">Willamette</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Private, religious institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bushnell_University" title="Bushnell University">Bushnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corban_University" title="Corban University">Corban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutenberg_College" title="Gutenberg College">Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Fox_University" title="George Fox University">George Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Angel_Abbey" title="Mount Angel Abbey">Mount Angel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multnomah_University" title="Multnomah University">Multnomah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hope_Christian_College" title="New Hope Christian College">New Hope Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Portland" title="University of Portland">University of Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warner_Pacific_University" title="Warner Pacific University">Warner Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Seminary" title="Western Seminary">Western Seminary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/For-profit_higher_education_in_the_United_States" title="For-profit higher education in the United States">Private, for-profit institutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_College_of_Healthcare_Sciences" title="American College of Healthcare Sciences">ACHS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Office_of_University_Coordination" title="Oregon Office of University Coordination">Public institutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Oregon_University" title="Eastern Oregon University">Eastern Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Health_%26_Science_University" title="Oregon Health & Science University">Oregon Health & Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Institute_of_Technology" title="Oregon Institute of Technology">Oregon Tech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_State_University" title="Oregon State University">Oregon State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_State_University" title="Portland State University">Portland State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Oregon_University" title="Southern Oregon University">Southern Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oregon" title="University of Oregon">University of Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Oregon_University" title="Western Oregon University">Western Oregon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_community_colleges_in_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="List of community colleges in Oregon">Community colleges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Mountain_Community_College" title="Blue Mountain Community College">Blue Mountain CC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Oregon_Community_College" title="Central Oregon Community College">Central Oregon CC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemeketa_Community_College" title="Chemeketa Community College">Chemeketa CC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clackamas_Community_College" title="Clackamas Community College">Clackamas CC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clatsop_Community_College" title="Clatsop Community College">Clatsop CC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Gorge_Community_College" title="Columbia Gorge Community College">Columbia Gorge CC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klamath_Community_College" title="Klamath Community College">Klamath CC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lane_Community_College" title="Lane Community College">Lane CC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linn%E2%80%93Benton_Community_College" title="Linn–Benton Community College">Linn-Benton CC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mt._Hood_Community_College" title="Mt. Hood Community College">Mt. Hood CC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Coast_Community_College" title="Oregon Coast Community College">Oregon Coast CC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_Community_College" title="Portland Community College">Portland CC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogue_Community_College" title="Rogue Community College">Rogue CC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Oregon_Community_College" title="Southwestern Oregon Community College">Southwestern Oregon CC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tillamook_Bay_Community_College" title="Tillamook Bay Community College">Tillamook Bay CC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treasure_Valley_Community_College" title="Treasure Valley Community College">Treasure Valley CC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umpqua_Community_College" title="Umpqua Community College">Umpqua CC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_College" title="Cascade College">Cascade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colegio_Cesar_Chavez" title="Colegio Cesar Chavez">Cesar Chavez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_College_(Oregon)" title="Columbia College (Oregon)">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordia_University_(Oregon)" title="Concordia University (Oregon)">Concordia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marylhurst_University" title="Marylhurst University">Marylhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multnomah_College" title="Multnomah College">Multnomah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Pacific_College" title="North Pacific College">North Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_City_College" title="Oregon City College">Oregon City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_College_of_Art_and_Craft" title="Oregon College of Art and Craft">OCAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_Pacific_College" title="Pioneer Pacific College">Pioneer Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_University" title="Portland University">Portland U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willamette_University_College_of_Medicine" title="Willamette University College of Medicine">WUCM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="South_Portland,_Portland,_Oregon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist 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style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Ardea" title="The Ardea">The Ardea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atwater_Place" title="Atwater Place">Atwater Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ross_Tower" title="John Ross Tower">John Ross Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Meriwether" title="The Meriwether">The Meriwether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirabella_Portland" title="Mirabella Portland">Mirabella Portland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">National University of Natural Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OHSU_Center_for_Health_%26_Healing" title="OHSU Center for Health & Healing">OHSU Center for Health & Healing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riva_on_the_Park" title="Riva on the Park">Riva on the Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butterfly_Park" title="Butterfly Park">Butterfly Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caruthers_Park" title="Caruthers Park">Caruthers Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poet%27s_Beach" title="Poet's Beach">Poet's Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Waterfront" class="mw-redirect" title="South Waterfront">South Waterfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Waterfront_Greenway" title="South Waterfront Greenway">South Waterfront Greenway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willamette_Park" title="Willamette Park">Willamette Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zidell_Yards" title="Zidell Yards">Zidell Yards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/We_Have_Always_Lived_Here" title="We Have Always Lived Here">We Have Always Lived Here</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gibbs_Street_Pedestrian_Bridge" title="Gibbs Street Pedestrian Bridge">Gibbs Street Pedestrian Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquam_Bridge" title="Marquam Bridge">Marquam Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland_Aerial_Tram" title="Portland Aerial Tram">Portland Aerial Tram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Island_Bridge" title="Ross Island Bridge">Ross Island Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sellwood_Bridge" title="Sellwood Bridge">Sellwood Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilikum_Crossing" title="Tilikum Crossing">Tilikum Crossing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" 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<b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:South_Portland,_Portland,_Oregon" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:South Portland, Portland, Oregon">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6971607#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6971607#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6971607#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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