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Judges 9 Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
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Abimelech Is Made King by the Shechemites.<p>1. Abimelech the son of Jerubbaal went to Shechem—The idolatry which had been stealthily creeping into Israel during the latter years of Gideon was now openly professed; Shechem was wholly inhabited by its adherents; at least, idolaters had the ascendency. Abimelech, one of Gideon's numerous sons, was connected with that place. Ambitious of sovereign power, and having plied successfully the arts of a demagogue with his maternal relatives and friends, he acquired both the influence and money by which he raised himself to a throne.<p>communed … with all the family of the house of his mother's father—Here is a striking instance of the evils of polygamy—one son has connections and interests totally alien to those of his brothers.</div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-2.htm">Judges 9:2</a></div><div class="verse">Speak, I pray you, in the ears of all the men of Shechem, Whether <i>is</i> better for you, either that all the sons of Jerubbaal, <i>which are</i> threescore and ten persons, reign over you, or that one reign over you? remember also that I <i>am</i> your bone and your flesh.</div><div class="comm">2. Whether is better for you, either that all the sons of Jerubbaal, … or that one reign over you—a false insinuation, artfully contrived to stir up jealousy and alarm. Gideon had rejected, with abhorrence, the proposal to make himself or any of his family king, and there is no evidence that any of his other sons coveted the title.</div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-3.htm">Judges 9:3</a></div><div class="verse">And his mother's brethren spake of him in the ears of all the men of Shechem all these words: and their hearts inclined to follow Abimelech; for they said, He <i>is</i> our brother.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-4.htm">Judges 9:4</a></div><div class="verse">And they gave him threescore and ten <i>pieces</i> of silver out of the house of Baalberith, wherewith Abimelech hired vain and light persons, which followed him.</div><div class="comm">4. the house of Baal-berith—either the temple, or the place where this idol was worshipped; Baal-berith, "god of the covenant," by invocation of whom the league of cities was formed.<p>Abimelech hired vain and light persons, which followed him—idle, worthless vagabonds, the scum of society, who had nothing to lose, but much to gain from the success of a revolutionary movement.</div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-5.htm">Judges 9:5</a></div><div class="verse">And he went unto his father's house at Ophrah, and slew his brethren the sons of Jerubbaal, <i>being</i> threescore and ten persons, upon one stone: notwithstanding yet Jotham the youngest son of Jerubbaal was left; for he hid himself.</div><div class="comm">5. went unto … Ophrah, and slew his brethren i. e., upon one stone—This is the first mention of a barbarous atrocity which has, with appalling frequency, been perpetrated in the despotic countries of the East—that of one son of the deceased monarch usurping the throne and hastening to confirm himself in the possession by the massacre of all the natural or legitimate competitors. Abimelech slew his brethren on one stone, either by dashing them from one rock, or sacrificing them on one stone altar, in revenge for the demolition of Baal's altar by their father. This latter view is the more probable, from the Shechemites (Jud 9:24) aiding in it.<p>threescore and ten persons—A round number is used, but it is evident that two are wanting to complete that number.</div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-6.htm">Judges 9:6</a></div><div class="verse">And all the men of Shechem gathered together, and all the house of Millo, and went, and made Abimelech king, by the plain of the pillar that <i>was</i> in Shechem.</div><div class="comm">6. all the men of Shechem …, and all the house of Millo—that is, a mound or rampart, so that the meaning is, all the men in the house or temple; namely, the priests of Baal.<p>made Abimelech king, by the plain of the pillar—rather, "by the oak near a raised mound"—so that the ceremony of coronation might be conspicuous to a crowd.</div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-7.htm">Judges 9:7</a></div><div class="verse">And when they told <i>it</i> to Jotham, he went and stood in the top of mount Gerizim, and lifted up his voice, and cried, and said unto them, Hearken unto me, ye men of Shechem, that God may hearken unto you.</div><div class="comm">Jud 9:7-21. Jotham by a Parable Reproaches Them.<p>7. he … stood in the top of mount Gerizim and lifted up his voice—The spot he chose was, like the housetops, the public place of Shechem; and the parable [Jud 9:8-15] drawn from the rivalry of the various trees was appropriate to the diversified foliage of the valley below. Eastern people are exceedingly fond of parables and use them for conveying reproofs, which they could not give in any other way. The top of Gerizim is not so high in the rear of the town, as it is nearer to the plain. With a little exertion of voice, he could easily have been heard by the people of the city; for the hill so overhangs the valley, that a person from the side or summit would have no difficulty in speaking to listeners at the base. Modern history records a case, in which soldiers on the hill shouted to the people in the city and endeavored to instigate them to an insurrection. There is something about the elastic atmosphere of an Eastern clime which causes it to transmit sound with wonderful celerity and distinctness [Hackett].</div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-8.htm">Judges 9:8</a></div><div class="verse">The trees went forth <i>on a time</i> to anoint a king over them; and they said unto the olive tree, Reign thou over us.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-9.htm">Judges 9:9</a></div><div class="verse">But the olive tree said unto them, Should I leave my fatness, wherewith by me they honour God and man, and go to be promoted over the trees?</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-10.htm">Judges 9:10</a></div><div class="verse">And the trees said to the fig tree, Come thou, <i>and</i> reign over us.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-11.htm">Judges 9:11</a></div><div class="verse">But the fig tree said unto them, Should I forsake my sweetness, and my good fruit, and go to be promoted over the trees?</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-12.htm">Judges 9:12</a></div><div class="verse">Then said the trees unto the vine, Come thou, <i>and</i> reign over us.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-13.htm">Judges 9:13</a></div><div class="verse">And the vine said unto them, Should I leave my wine, which cheereth God and man, and go to be promoted over the trees?</div><div class="comm">13. wine, which cheereth God and man—not certainly in the same manner. God might be said to be "cheered" by it, when the sacrifices were accepted, as He is said also to be honored by oil (Jud 9:9).</div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-14.htm">Judges 9:14</a></div><div class="verse">Then said all the trees unto the bramble, Come thou, <i>and</i> reign over us.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-15.htm">Judges 9:15</a></div><div class="verse">And the bramble said unto the trees, If in truth ye anoint me king over you, <i>then</i> come <i>and</i> put your trust in my shadow: and if not, let fire come out of the bramble, and devour the cedars of Lebanon.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-16.htm">Judges 9:16</a></div><div class="verse">Now therefore, if ye have done truly and sincerely, in that ye have made Abimelech king, and if ye have dealt well with Jerubbaal and his house, and have done unto him according to the deserving of his hands;</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-17.htm">Judges 9:17</a></div><div class="verse">(For my father fought for you, and adventured his life far, and delivered you out of the hand of Midian:</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-18.htm">Judges 9:18</a></div><div class="verse">And ye are risen up against my father's house this day, and have slain his sons, threescore and ten persons, upon one stone, and have made Abimelech, the son of his maidservant, king over the men of Shechem, because he <i>is</i> your brother;)</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-19.htm">Judges 9:19</a></div><div class="verse">If ye then have dealt truly and sincerely with Jerubbaal and with his house this day, <i>then</i> rejoice ye in Abimelech, and let him also rejoice in you:</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-20.htm">Judges 9:20</a></div><div class="verse">But if not, let fire come out from Abimelech, and devour the men of Shechem, and the house of Millo; and let fire come out from the men of Shechem, and from the house of Millo, and devour Abimelech.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-21.htm">Judges 9:21</a></div><div class="verse">And Jotham ran away, and fled, and went to Beer, and dwelt there, for fear of Abimelech his brother.</div><div class="comm">21. Joatham … went to Beer—the modern village El-Bireh, on the ridge which bounds the northern prospect of Jerusalem.</div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-22.htm">Judges 9:22</a></div><div class="verse">When Abimelech had reigned three years over Israel,</div><div class="comm">Jud 9:22-49. Gaal's Conspiracy.<p>22. When Abimelech had reigned three years—His reign did not, probably at first, extend beyond Shechem; but by stealthy and progressive encroachments he subjected some of the neighboring towns to his sway. None could "reign" in Israel, except by rebellious usurpation; and hence the reign of Abimelech is expressed in the original by a word signifying "despotism," not that which describes the mild and divinely authorized rule of the judge.</div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-23.htm">Judges 9:23</a></div><div class="verse">Then God sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the men of Shechem; and the men of Shechem dealt treacherously with Abimelech:</div><div class="comm">23. Then God sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the men of Shechem—In the course of providence, jealousy, distrust, secret disaffection, and smothered rebellion appeared among his subjects disappointed and disgusted with his tyranny; and God permitted those disorders to punish the complicated crimes of the royal fratricide and idolatrous usurper.</div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-24.htm">Judges 9:24</a></div><div class="verse">That the cruelty <i>done</i> to the threescore and ten sons of Jerubbaal might come, and their blood be laid upon Abimelech their brother, which slew them; and upon the men of Shechem, which aided him in the killing of his brethren.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-25.htm">Judges 9:25</a></div><div class="verse">And the men of Shechem set liers in wait for him in the top of the mountains, and they robbed all that came along that way by them: and it was told Abimelech.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-26.htm">Judges 9:26</a></div><div class="verse">And Gaal the son of Ebed came with his brethren, and went over to Shechem: and the men of Shechem put their confidence in him.</div><div class="comm">26. Gaal … came with his brethren …, and the men of Shechem put their confidence in him—An insurrection of the original Canaanites, headed by this man, at last broke out in Shechem.</div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-27.htm">Judges 9:27</a></div><div class="verse">And they went out into the fields, and gathered their vineyards, and trode <i>the grapes</i>, and made merry, and went into the house of their god, and did eat and drink, and cursed Abimelech.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-28.htm">Judges 9:28</a></div><div class="verse">And Gaal the son of Ebed said, Who <i>is</i> Abimelech, and who <i>is</i> Shechem, that we should serve him? <i>is</i> not <i>he</i> the son of Jerubbaal? and Zebul his officer? serve the men of Hamor the father of Shechem: for why should we serve him?</div><div class="comm">28-45. would to God this people were under my hand—He seems to have been a boastful, impudent, and cowardly person, totally unfit to be a leader in a revolutionary crisis. The consequence was that he allowed himself to be drawn into an ambush, was defeated, the city of Shechem destroyed and strewn with salt. The people took refuge in the stronghold, which was set on fire, and all in it perished.</div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-29.htm">Judges 9:29</a></div><div class="verse">And would to God this people were under my hand! then would I remove Abimelech. And he said to Abimelech, Increase thine army, and come out.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-30.htm">Judges 9:30</a></div><div class="verse">And when Zebul the ruler of the city heard the words of Gaal the son of Ebed, his anger was kindled.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-31.htm">Judges 9:31</a></div><div class="verse">And he sent messengers unto Abimelech privily, saying, Behold, Gaal the son of Ebed and his brethren be come to Shechem; and, behold, they fortify the city against thee.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-32.htm">Judges 9:32</a></div><div class="verse">Now therefore up by night, thou and the people that <i>is</i> with thee, and lie in wait in the field:</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-33.htm">Judges 9:33</a></div><div class="verse">And it shall be, <i>that</i> in the morning, as soon as the sun is up, thou shalt rise early, and set upon the city: and, behold, <i>when</i> he and the people that <i>is</i> with him come out against thee, then mayest thou do to them as thou shalt find occasion.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-34.htm">Judges 9:34</a></div><div class="verse">And Abimelech rose up, and all the people that <i>were</i> with him, by night, and they laid wait against Shechem in four companies.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-35.htm">Judges 9:35</a></div><div class="verse">And Gaal the son of Ebed went out, and stood in the entering of the gate of the city: and Abimelech rose up, and the people that <i>were</i> with him, from lying in wait.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-36.htm">Judges 9:36</a></div><div class="verse">And when Gaal saw the people, he said to Zebul, Behold, there come people down from the top of the mountains. And Zebul said unto him, Thou seest the shadow of the mountains as <i>if they were</i> men.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-37.htm">Judges 9:37</a></div><div class="verse">And Gaal spake again and said, See there come people down by the middle of the land, and another company come along by the plain of Meonenim.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-38.htm">Judges 9:38</a></div><div class="verse">Then said Zebul unto him, Where <i>is</i> now thy mouth, wherewith thou saidst, Who <i>is</i> Abimelech, that we should serve him? <i>is</i> not this the people that thou hast despised? go out, I pray now, and fight with them.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-39.htm">Judges 9:39</a></div><div class="verse">And Gaal went out before the men of Shechem, and fought with Abimelech.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-40.htm">Judges 9:40</a></div><div class="verse">And Abimelech chased him, and he fled before him, and many were overthrown <i>and</i> wounded, <i>even</i> unto the entering of the gate.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-41.htm">Judges 9:41</a></div><div class="verse">And Abimelech dwelt at Arumah: and Zebul thrust out Gaal and his brethren, that they should not dwell in Shechem.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-42.htm">Judges 9:42</a></div><div class="verse">And it came to pass on the morrow, that the people went out into the field; and they told Abimelech.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-43.htm">Judges 9:43</a></div><div class="verse">And he took the people, and divided them into three companies, and laid wait in the field, and looked, and, behold, the people <i>were</i> come forth out of the city; and he rose up against them, and smote them.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-44.htm">Judges 9:44</a></div><div class="verse">And Abimelech, and the company that <i>was</i> with him, rushed forward, and stood in the entering of the gate of the city: and the two <i>other</i> companies ran upon all <i>the people</i> that <i>were</i> in the fields, and slew them.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-45.htm">Judges 9:45</a></div><div class="verse">And Abimelech fought against the city all that day; and he took the city, and slew the people that <i>was</i> therein, and beat down the city, and sowed it with salt.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-46.htm">Judges 9:46</a></div><div class="verse">And when all the men of the tower of Shechem heard <i>that</i>, they entered into an hold of the house of the god Berith.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-47.htm">Judges 9:47</a></div><div class="verse">And it was told Abimelech, that all the men of the tower of Shechem were gathered together.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-48.htm">Judges 9:48</a></div><div class="verse">And Abimelech gat him up to mount Zalmon, he and all the people that <i>were</i> with him; and Abimelech took an axe in his hand, and cut down a bough from the trees, and took it, and laid <i>it</i> on his shoulder, and said unto the people that <i>were</i> with him, What ye have seen me do, make haste, <i>and</i> do as I <i>have done</i>.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-49.htm">Judges 9:49</a></div><div class="verse">And all the people likewise cut down every man his bough, and followed Abimelech, and put <i>them</i> to the hold, and set the hold on fire upon them; so that all the men of the tower of Shechem died also, about a thousand men and women.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-50.htm">Judges 9:50</a></div><div class="verse">Then went Abimelech to Thebez, and encamped against Thebez, and took it.</div><div class="comm">Jud 9:50-57. Abimelech Slain.<p>50. Then went Abimelech to Thebez, and encamped against Thebez—now Tubas—not far from Shechem.</div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-51.htm">Judges 9:51</a></div><div class="verse">But there was a strong tower within the city, and thither fled all the men and women, and all they of the city, and shut <i>it</i> to them, and gat them up to the top of the tower.</div><div class="comm">51-53. all the men and women, … gat them up to the top of the tower—The Canaanite forts were generally mountain fastnesses or keeps, and they often had a strong tower which served as a last refuge. The Assyrian bas-reliefs afford counterparts of the scene here described so vivid and exact, that we might almost suppose them to be representations of the same historic events. The besieged city—the strong tower within—the men and women crowding its battlements—the fire applied to the doors, and even the huge fragments of stone dropping from the hands of one of the garrison on the heads of the assailants, are all well represented to the life—just as they are here described in the narrative of inspired truth [Goss]. </div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-52.htm">Judges 9:52</a></div><div class="verse">And Abimelech came unto the tower, and fought against it, and went hard unto the door of the tower to burn it with fire.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-53.htm">Judges 9:53</a></div><div class="verse">And a certain woman cast a piece of a millstone upon Abimelech's head, and all to brake his skull.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-54.htm">Judges 9:54</a></div><div class="verse">Then he called hastily unto the young man his armourbearer, and said unto him, Draw thy sword, and slay me, that men say not of me, A woman slew him. And his young man thrust him through, and he died.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-55.htm">Judges 9:55</a></div><div class="verse">And when the men of Israel saw that Abimelech was dead, they departed every man unto his place.</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-56.htm">Judges 9:56</a></div><div class="verse">Thus God rendered the wickedness of Abimelech, which he did unto his father, in slaying his seventy brethren:</div><div class="comm"></div> <div class="versenum"><a href="/judges/9-57.htm">Judges 9:57</a></div><div class="verse">And all the evil of the men of Shechem did God render upon their heads: and upon them came the curse of Jotham the son of Jerubbaal.</div><div class="comm"></div></div></div><div id="botbox"><div class="padbot"><div align="center">A Commentary, Critical, Practical, and Explanatory on the Old and New Testaments by Robert Jamieson, A. R. 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