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Niel</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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title="Xavier Niel – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Xavier Niel" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84" title="خاویر نایل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خاویر نایل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xavier_Niel" title="Xavier Niel – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Xavier Niel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xavier_Niel" title="Xavier Niel – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Xavier Niel" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C" title="קסבייה ניאל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קסבייה ניאל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%DA%A4%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%84" title="زاڤير نيل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="زاڤير نيل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xavier_Niel" title="Xavier Niel – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Xavier Niel" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Ньель, Ксавье – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ньель, Ксавье" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xavier_Niel" title="Xavier Niel – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Xavier Niel" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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He is involved in the telecommunications and technology industry and is the founder and majority shareholder of the French <a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">Internet service provider</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mobile_operator" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile operator">mobile operator</a> <a href="/wiki/Iliad_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Iliad (company)">Iliad</a> trading under the <a href="/wiki/Free_(ISP)" title="Free (ISP)">Free</a> brand (France's second-largest ISP, and third mobile operator).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is also co-owner of the newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-http://www.ft.com/_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-http://www.ft.com/-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> co-owner of the rights of the song "<a href="/wiki/My_Way" title="My Way">My Way</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and owner of <a href="/wiki/Monaco_Telecom" title="Monaco Telecom">Monaco Telecom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salt_Mobile" title="Salt Mobile">Salt Mobile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eir_(telecommunications)" title="Eir (telecommunications)">Eir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is chairman and chief strategy officer for Iliad,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also a board member of <a href="/wiki/Kohlberg_Kravis_Roberts" title="Kohlberg Kravis Roberts">KKR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield" title="Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield">Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield</a>, and <a href="/wiki/ByteDance" title="ByteDance">ByteDance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of January 2025<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xavier_Niel&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, his net worth is estimated at US$9.9 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-Forbes_profile_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forbes_profile-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xavier_Niel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Xavier Niel was born into a middle-class family; his father is a lawyer for a pharmaceutical laboratory, and his mother is an accountant. He studied in the <a href="/wiki/12th_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="12th arrondissement of Paris">12th arrondissement of Paris</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Ensemble_Scolaire_Saint_Michel_de_Picpus" title="Ensemble Scolaire Saint Michel de Picpus">Saint-Michel-de-Picpus</a> Catholic private high school.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Niel started early by developing telecommunication and data services and embarked at a young age on an entrepreneurial career soon after his father gave him a <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_ZX81" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinclair ZX81">Sinclair ZX81</a> computer as a Christmas present when he was 15.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1987 at 19, while dropping out from school, he successfully created then sold his first company, a <a href="/wiki/Minitel" title="Minitel">Minitel</a> (a French forerunner of the internet) service company. This minitel-site provided sex oriented chat services. To do so, Niel bought press licenses in order to be able to become a service editor, diverting it in order to set up its commercial services. Through this, he became a millionaire in euros at the age of 24.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his late teens, he was confronted by police for hacking <a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_(French_TV_provider)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal+ (French TV provider)">Canal+</a> <a href="/wiki/Set-top_box" title="Set-top box">decoders</a>. He has stated that, to avoid being arrested, he briefly did espionage for <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Direction_de_la_surveillance_du_territoire" title="Direction de la surveillance du territoire">Direction de la surveillance du territoire</a></i></span>, which allegedly included accessing the phone data of then-president <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xavier_Niel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Telecommunications">Telecommunications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xavier_Niel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Telecommunications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Telecommunications with Iliad</b> </p><p>In 1995, he invested in the first <a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">Internet service provider</a> in France, <a href="/wiki/World-NET" title="World-NET">World-NET</a>. The company was sold for 30 million euros the year before the <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble#Bursting_the_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">internet bubble burst</a> in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-nytmold_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytmold-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1999, he created <a href="/wiki/Free_(ISP)" title="Free (ISP)">Free</a>, a French <a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">Internet service provider</a>. In 2002, Free launched a broadband package at a low price (€29.99 per month), which became a benchmark in the French market. At the same time, Free developed and launched the Freebox: the first <a href="/wiki/Triple_play_(telecommunications)" title="Triple play (telecommunications)">triple-play</a> offer in France. </p><p>In 2012, he created <a href="/wiki/Free_Mobile" title="Free Mobile">Free Mobile</a>, which offered unlimited voice calls, text and data at the lowest price of the market in France (€19.99 per month).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The entrepreneur launched the <a href="/wiki/Iliad_Italia" title="Iliad Italia">Iliad Italia</a> brand in Italy in 2018 with a €5.99 unlimited offer.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2020, through Iliad, he launched a public offer for the Polish operator <a href="/wiki/Play_(telecommunications)" title="Play (telecommunications)">Play</a>, leader of the Polish mobile market with 15 million subscribers after having bought a 96% stake on the market for €2.2 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Telecommunications with NJJ Holding</dt></dl> <p>In 2014, <a href="/wiki/Cable_%26_Wireless_Communications" title="Cable & Wireless Communications">Cable & Wireless Communications</a> (CWC) sold its 55% economic interest in <a href="/wiki/Monaco_Telecom" title="Monaco Telecom">Monaco Telecom</a> to NJJ Capital, an investment vehicle controlled by Niel for US$445 million.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through <a href="/wiki/Monaco_Telecom" title="Monaco Telecom">Monaco Telecom</a> he later acquired <a href="/wiki/MTN_Group" title="MTN Group">MTN</a> Cyprus which was rebranded into <a href="/wiki/Epic_(Cyprus)" title="Epic (Cyprus)">Epic</a> in June 2019 and <a href="/wiki/Vodafone" title="Vodafone">Vodafone</a> Malta rebranded into <a href="/wiki/Epic_(Malta)" title="Epic (Malta)">Epic</a> in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 18 December 2014, via its holding company NJJ Capital, he acquired for US$2.7 billion (2.8 billion Swiss francs) Orange Switzerland (owned by <a href="/wiki/Apax_Partners" title="Apax Partners">Apax Partners</a> since 2012), which was renamed <a href="/wiki/Salt_Mobile" title="Salt Mobile">Salt Mobile</a> in April 2015. In May 2019 <a href="/wiki/Salt_Mobile" title="Salt Mobile">Salt Mobile</a> sold 90% of its towers for $800 million to <a href="/wiki/Cellnex" title="Cellnex">Cellnex</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2018, he acquired 65% of <a href="/wiki/Eir_(telecommunications)" title="Eir (telecommunications)">Eir</a>, the Irish former state-owned telecom monopoly.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Through NJJ, Niel became the largest shareholder of fixed line and mobile telecommunications services provider operator in Latin America, <a href="/wiki/Millicom" title="Millicom">Millicom</a>, in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He made two unsuccessful attempts at buying out the company in 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2024, NJJ Holding has been given regulatory approval to acquire Ukrainian fixed telecom and pay-TV provider Datagroup-Volia and mobile provider <a href="/wiki/Lifecell" title="Lifecell">Lifecell</a> in a $500m transaction.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield">Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xavier_Niel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 2020, Niel has been acquiring shares in the real estate company <a href="/wiki/Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield" title="Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield">Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield</a>, as of 2024 he was owning 25% of the shares of the company.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield" title="Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield">Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield</a> has an international presence in Europe (France, Spain, UK, Germany) and in the United States in California (<a href="/wiki/Westfield_Topanga" title="Westfield Topanga">Westfield Topanga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Westfield_Century_City" title="Westfield Century City">Westfield Century City</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Press">Press</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xavier_Niel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Press"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In late 2010, along with <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Berg%C3%A9" title="Pierre Bergé">Pierre Bergé</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matthieu_Pigasse" title="Matthieu Pigasse">Matthieu Pigasse</a>, Niel acquired a controlling stake in Groupe Le Monde which edits the daily newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Monde" title="Le Monde">Le Monde</a></i> but also magazines such as <i><a href="/wiki/L%E2%80%99Obs" class="mw-redirect" title="L’Obs">l’Obs</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Courrier_International" title="Courrier International">Courrier International</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9rama" title="Télérama">Télérama</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2020, Niel acquired through his personal holding 100% of Groupe Nice-Matin, which edits the newspapers <i><a href="/wiki/Nice-Matin" title="Nice-Matin">Nice-Matin</a></i>, <i>Var-Matin</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Monaco-Matin" title="Monaco-Matin">Monaco-Matin</a></i>. The group also own an 11% stake in <a href="/wiki/La_Provence" title="La Provence">La Provence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2020, he acquired <a href="/wiki/France-Antilles" title="France-Antilles">France-Antilles</a>, a daily newspaper in the <a href="/wiki/French_West_Indies" title="French West Indies">French West Indies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2020, Niel acquired Paris-Turf which is France's first horseracing newspaper.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_investments">Other investments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xavier_Niel&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other investments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In March 2010, Niel cofounded with <a href="/wiki/Jeremie_Berrebi" title="Jeremie Berrebi">Jeremie Berrebi</a> <i>Kima Ventures</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a fund dedicated to invest in 50 to 100 startups a year everywhere in the world. <i>Kima Ventures</i> already invested in 330 companies from February 2010 to August 2014 in 32 countries. <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a> described Niel and <a href="/wiki/Jeremie_Berrebi" title="Jeremie Berrebi">Jeremie Berrebi</a> as almost certainly the most active <a href="/wiki/Angel_investor" title="Angel investor">angel investors</a> in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2015, Jean de La Rochebrochard is the Managing Partner of the fund.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, Niel created a school named <i><a href="/wiki/42_(school)" title="42 (school)">42</a></i>, which is a free technical school with no teachers, no books, no tuition for 1000 people every year.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2021, 33 campuses have been opened in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2017, Niel welcomed the French President <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> for the inauguration of <a href="/wiki/Station_F" title="Station F">Station F</a>, a business incubator for startups located in Paris, known as the largest in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2021, he became the first shareholder of the company <a href="/wiki/Unieuro" title="Unieuro">Unieuro</a>, which is the largest Italian retailer of consumer electronics and household appliances by number of outlets, with a network of 460 stores throughout Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2023, Niel was part of an investor group that announced that it had bought a 7.5 per cent stake in Swiss asset manager <a href="/wiki/GAM_(company)" title="GAM (company)">GAM</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2023, Niel together with <a href="/wiki/Rodolphe_Saad%C3%A9" title="Rodolphe Saadé">Rodolphe Saadé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eric_Schmidt" title="Eric Schmidt">Eric Schmidt</a>, and other investors announced a €200 million investment in <a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a> which includes "the purchase of a supercomputer and the creation of a dedicated research laboratory," later named Kyutai.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to that, he was a <a href="/wiki/Seed_investor" class="mw-redirect" title="Seed investor">seed investor</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mistral_AI" title="Mistral AI">Mistral AI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_activities">Other activities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xavier_Niel&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Neil was a member of the French advisory body <a href="/wiki/Conseil_national_du_num%C3%A9rique" title="Conseil national du numérique">Conseil national du numérique</a> in 2011–12.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, Niel cofounded <a href="/wiki/Mediawan" title="Mediawan">Mediawan</a>, an international production and distribution group, together with <a href="/wiki/Matthieu_Pigasse" title="Matthieu Pigasse">Matthieu Pigasse</a> and Pierre-Antoine Capton.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, Neil founded Art 42, a street-art gallery self-described as an "anti-museum" inside the Paris campus of <a href="/wiki/42_(school)" title="42 (school)">42</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Niel joined the board of US investment firm <a href="/wiki/Kohlberg_Kravis_Roberts" title="Kohlberg Kravis Roberts">Kohlberg Kravis Roberts</a> in March 2018 and the board of <a href="/wiki/TikTok" title="TikTok">TikTok</a>'s parent company, <a href="/wiki/ByteDance" title="ByteDance">ByteDance</a>, in September 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His book <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">"Une Sacrée Envie de Foutre le Bordel"</i></span> ("An Urge to Make a Mess"), co-written by former Paris deputy mayor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Louis_Missika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Louis Missika (page does not exist)">Jean-Louis Missika</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Louis_Missika" class="extiw" title="fr:Jean-Louis Missika">fr</a>]</span> was published in 2024 by <a href="/wiki/Groupe_Flammarion" title="Groupe Flammarion">Groupe Flammarion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_problems">Legal problems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xavier_Niel&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legal problems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2004, Niel was <a href="/wiki/Indictment" title="Indictment">indicted</a> and detained for a month at the <a href="/wiki/La_Sant%C3%A9_Prison" title="La Santé Prison">La Santé Prison</a> for alleged <a href="/wiki/Procuring_(prostitution)" title="Procuring (prostitution)">procuring</a> and misuse of company assets, which occurred in several <a href="/wiki/Sex_shop" title="Sex shop">sex shops</a> in which he was a shareholder. In August 2005, a <i><a href="/wiki/Nolle_prosequi" title="Nolle prosequi">nolle prosequi</a></i> was pronounced for the procuring part of his indictment, while in October 2006, he was given a two years suspended prison sentence for the misuse of company assets.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nytmold_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytmold-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recognition">Recognition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xavier_Niel&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In August 2015, <i><a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a></i> named him as the seventh most influential personality in technology in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 2017, <i><a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a></i> named him the most influential French person in the world abroad.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Niel received the title of <a href="/wiki/Knight_of_the_Legion_of_Honour" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight of the Legion of Honour">Knight of the Legion of Honour</a> in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xavier_Niel&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Niel's domestic partner is French businesswoman <a href="/wiki/Delphine_Arnault" title="Delphine Arnault">Delphine Arnault</a>, who is a director and executive vice president at <a href="/wiki/Louis_Vuitton" title="Louis Vuitton">Louis Vuitton</a>, and the chairwoman and chief executive officer of <a href="/wiki/Dior" title="Dior">Dior</a>. She is the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Arnault" title="Bernard Arnault">Bernard Arnault</a>. Niel has a son and a daughter with her and two sons from a previous relationship, and lives in the <a href="/wiki/16th_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="16th arrondissement of Paris">16th arrondissement of Paris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-challenges1_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-challenges1-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ft_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ft-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-leparisienceghettoderiches_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leparisienceghettoderiches-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2013, he has also owned a five star hotel in French ski resort <a href="/wiki/Courchevel" title="Courchevel">Courchevel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, he acquired the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_Lambert" title="Hôtel Lambert">Hôtel Lambert</a> an <i><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_particulier" title="Hôtel particulier">hôtel particulier</a></i> from 1640 on the <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Louis" title="Île Saint-Louis">Île Saint-Louis</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/4th_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="4th arrondissement of Paris">4th arrondissement of Paris</a> for more than $226 million, to be reportedly used as the headquarters for Niel’s cultural foundation.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xavier_Niel&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTurvill2024" class="citation web cs1">Turvill, William (23 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.com/article/telecoms-billionaire-xaviel-niel-ive-lost-a-lot-of-money-on-vodafone-x0vnnwbtv">"Telecoms billionaire Xaviel Niel: I've lost a lot of money on Vodafone"</a>. <i>The Sunday Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sunday+Times&rft.atitle=Telecoms+billionaire+Xaviel+Niel%3A+I%E2%80%99ve+lost+a+lot+of+money+on+Vodafone&rft.date=2024-03-23&rft.aulast=Turvill&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.com%2Farticle%2Ftelecoms-billionaire-xaviel-niel-ive-lost-a-lot-of-money-on-vodafone-x0vnnwbtv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXavier+Niel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/business/21569414-xavier-niel-playing-rough-internet-giant-france-v-google">"France v Google"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. 12 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=France+v+Google&rft.date=2013-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2F21569414-xavier-niel-playing-rough-internet-giant-france-v-google&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXavier+Niel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-http://www.ft.com/-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-http://www.ft.com/_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKuper2013" class="citation web cs1">Kuper, Simon (3 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/22167134-b24a-11e2-8540-00144feabdc0">"Lunch with the FT: Xavier Niel"</a>. <i>Financial Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170303223548/https://www.ft.com/content/22167134-b24a-11e2-8540-00144feabdc0">Archived</a> from the original on 3 March 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Lunch+with+the+FT%3A+Xavier+Niel&rft.date=2013-05-03&rft.aulast=Kuper&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F22167134-b24a-11e2-8540-00144feabdc0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXavier+Niel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/profile/xavier-niel/">"Xavier Niel - Forbes"</a>. <i>Forbes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Xavier+Niel+-+Forbes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fprofile%2Fxavier-niel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXavier+Niel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190417165301/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-cable-wirlss-idUKBREA3O0IS20140425">"Cable & Wireless sells Monaco Telecom stake to Xavier Niel"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 25 April 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-cable-wirlss-idUKBREA3O0IS20140425">the original</a> on 17 April 2019 – via uk.reuters.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Cable+%26+Wireless+sells+Monaco+Telecom+stake+to+Xavier+Niel&rft.date=2014-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-cable-wirlss-idUKBREA3O0IS20140425&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXavier+Niel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iliad.fr/en/equipe.html">"Iliad management team"</a>. Iliad<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iliad+management+team&rft.pub=Iliad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iliad.fr%2Fen%2Fequipe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXavier+Niel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ir.kkr.com/corporate-governance/">"Corporate Governance – KKR & Co. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Forbes+profile%3A+Xavier+Niel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fprofile%2Fxavier-niel%2F%3Fsh%3Def6e6ec50224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXavier+Niel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.capital.fr/votre-carriere/xavier-niel-fondateur-de-free-le-cactus-des-telecoms-193693">"Xavier Niel, fondateur de Free, le cactus des télécoms"</a>. <i>Capital.fr</i> (in French). 26 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Capital.fr&rft.atitle=Xavier+Niel%2C+fondateur+de+Free%2C+le+cactus+des+t%C3%A9l%C3%A9coms&rft.date=2008-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.capital.fr%2Fvotre-carriere%2Fxavier-niel-fondateur-de-free-le-cactus-des-telecoms-193693&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXavier+Niel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGODELUCKPAQUETTE2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">GODELUCK, Solveig; PAQUETTE, Emmanuel (20 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LGk9DQAAQBAJ&q=xavier+niel+saint+michel+de+picpus&pg=PT109"><i>Xavier Niel</i></a> (in French). edi8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-412-02140-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-412-02140-8"><bdi>978-2-412-02140-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Xavier+Niel&rft.pub=edi8&rft.date=2016-10-20&rft.isbn=978-2-412-02140-8&rft.aulast=GODELUCK&rft.aufirst=Solveig&rft.au=PAQUETTE%2C+Emmanuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLGk9DQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dxavier%2Bniel%2Bsaint%2Bmichel%2Bde%2Bpicpus%26pg%3DPT109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXavier+Niel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKumar2012" class="citation web cs1">Kumar, Udhaw (27 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brainprick.com/self-made-billionaire-xavier-niel-the-entrepreneurial-journey-that-began-at-the-age-15/">"Self-made Billionaire Xavier Niel: The Entrepreneurial Journey that Began at the Age 15"</a>. <i>Brainprick</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brainprick&rft.atitle=Self-made+Billionaire+Xavier+Niel%3A+The+Entrepreneurial+Journey+that+Began+at+the+Age+15&rft.date=2012-12-27&rft.aulast=Kumar&rft.aufirst=Udhaw&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbrainprick.com%2Fself-made-billionaire-xavier-niel-the-entrepreneurial-journey-that-began-at-the-age-15%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXavier+Niel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mapage.noos.fr/digueneuve/niel.PDF">"Xavier Niel : le rebelle des télécoms"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 6 February 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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href="https://www.lemonde.fr/en/economy/article/2024/09/03/xavier-niel-becomes-one-of-the-directors-presiding-over-the-fate-of-tiktok_6724555_19.html">"French billionaire Xavier Niel becomes one of the directors presiding over the fate of TikTok"</a>. <i>Le Monde</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=French+billionaire+Xavier+Niel+becomes+one+of+the+directors+presiding+over+the+fate+of+TikTok&rft.date=2024-09-03&rft.aulast=Pinaud&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fen%2Feconomy%2Farticle%2F2024%2F09%2F03%2Fxavier-niel-becomes-one-of-the-directors-presiding-over-the-fate-of-tiktok_6724555_19.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXavier+Niel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBerthelot2024" class="citation news cs1">Berthelot, Benoit (18 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-10-18/french-tycoon-xavier-niel-gives-advice-on-how-to-become-a-billionaire">"To Become a Billionaire in France, Try Going to Jail"</a>. Bloomberg News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=To+Become+a+Billionaire+in+France%2C+Try+Going+to+Jail&rft.date=2024-10-18&rft.aulast=Berthelot&rft.aufirst=Benoit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2024-10-18%2Ffrench-tycoon-xavier-niel-gives-advice-on-how-to-become-a-billionaire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXavier+Niel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGiordano2024" class="citation news cs1">Giordano, Elena (1 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.eu/article/xavier-niel-france-paris-mayor-memoir-billionaire-telecoms/">"France's Bloomberg? Billionaire tech mogul dreams of becoming Paris mayor"</a>. <i>Politico Europe</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico+Europe&rft.atitle=France%E2%80%99s+Bloomberg%3F+Billionaire+tech+mogul+dreams+of+becoming+Paris+mayor&rft.date=2024-10-01&rft.aulast=Giordano&rft.aufirst=Elena&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fxavier-niel-france-paris-mayor-memoir-billionaire-telecoms%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXavier+Niel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexpress.fr/politique/prison-avec-sursis-pour-xavier-niel_460958.html">"Prison avec sursis pour Xavier Niel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/L%27Express_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Express (France)">L'Express</a>. 27 October 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2011</span>. <q><i>Xavier Niel, pionnier de l'Internet en France et fondateur de la société Free, a été condamné à deux ans de prison avec sursis et 250 000 euros d'amende pour des détournements de fonds dans des sex-shops(...)Il lui était reproché d'avoir touché de 2000 à 2004 une somme d'environ 5000 euros par mois en espèces prélevée sur des recettes non-déclarées de sex-shops de Paris et Strasbourg, dans lesquels il possédait des intérêts financiers depuis les années 80. La justice le soupçonnait initialement de proxénétisme, en raison des activités de prostitution exercées par des employées de ces sex-shops. Il a bénéficié d'un non-lieu sur ce volet.</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prison+avec+sursis+pour+Xavier+Niel&rft.pub=L%27Express&rft.date=2006-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexpress.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fprison-avec-sursis-pour-xavier-niel_460958.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXavier+Niel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.co.uk/article/the-2015-wired-100">"The 2015 WIRED 100"</a>. <i>Wired UK</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired+UK&rft.atitle=The+2015+WIRED+100&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fthe-2015-wired-100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXavier+Niel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lesechos.fr/amp/188567">"Les Français les plus influents selon " Vanity Fair "<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 21 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Les+Fran%C3%A7ais+les+plus+influents+selon+%22+Vanity+Fair+%22&rft.date=2017-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2Famp%2F188567&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXavier+Niel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPerreau2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Perreau, Charlie (3 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lesechos.fr/start-up/ecosysteme/legion-dhonneur-huit-personnalites-de-la-french-tech-distinguees-1376160">"Légion d'honneur : Huit personnalités de la French Tech distinguées"</a> [Legion of Honor: Eight French Tech personalities distinguished]. <i>Les Echos</i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Les+Echos&rft.atitle=L%C3%A9gion+d%27honneur+%3A+Huit+personnalit%C3%A9s+de+la+French+Tech+distingu%C3%A9es&rft.date=2022-01-03&rft.aulast=Perreau&rft.aufirst=Charlie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lesechos.fr%2Fstart-up%2Fecosysteme%2Flegion-dhonneur-huit-personnalites-de-la-french-tech-distinguees-1376160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXavier+Niel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWood2024" class="citation web cs1">Wood, Gaby (15 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vogue.com/article/delphine-arnault-interview-march-2024">"Delphine Arnault on Family Ties, Protecting History, and a Year of Leadership at Dior"</a>. <i>Vogue</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vogue&rft.atitle=Delphine+Arnault+on+Family+Ties%2C+Protecting+History%2C+and+a+Year+of+Leadership+at+Dior&rft.date=2024-02-15&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Gaby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vogue.com%2Farticle%2Fdelphine-arnault-interview-march-2024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXavier+Niel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-challenges1-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-challenges1_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.challenges.fr/classements/fortune/xavier-niel-et-sa-famille_1337">"Biographie de Xavier Niel"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Challenges_(magazine)" title="Challenges (magazine)">Challenges</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2020</span>. <q><i>Le compagnon de Delphine Arnault, fille de Bernard Arnault, est le plus gros business angel français</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biographie+de+Xavier+Niel&rft.pub=Challenges&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.challenges.fr%2Fclassements%2Ffortune%2Fxavier-niel-et-sa-famille_1337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXavier+Niel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ft-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ft_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEllison2014" class="citation web cs1">Ellison, Jo (10 October 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/108909f8-4dfe-11e4-adfe-00144feab7de?ftcamp=published_links%2Frss%2Flife-arts%2Ffeed%2F%2Fproduct#axzz3GsUpSzaH">"Lunch with the FT: Delphine Arnault"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 May</span> 2020</span>. <q><i> She declines to confirm whether or not Niel is the father of her daughter, or even her daughter's name.</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Lunch+with+the+FT%3A+Delphine+Arnault&rft.date=2014-10-10&rft.aulast=Ellison&rft.aufirst=Jo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F108909f8-4dfe-11e4-adfe-00144feab7de%3Fftcamp%3Dpublished_links%252Frss%252Flife-arts%252Ffeed%252F%252Fproduct%23axzz3GsUpSzaH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXavier+Niel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-leparisienceghettoderiches-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-leparisienceghettoderiches_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLasry-Segura2017" class="citation news cs1">Lasry-Segura, Edith (13 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leparisien.fr/lamorlaye-60260/au-lys-chantilly-ce-ghetto-des-riches-ou-francois-fillon-s-impose-13-03-2017-6758415.php#xtor=AD-1481423553&xtor=AD-1481423552">"Au Lys-Chantilly, ce " ghetto des riches " où François Fillon s'impose"</a>. <i>Le Parisien</i>. <q>Le domaine, présenté comme un "ghetto de riches", compte quelques personnalités parmi ses habitants. Comme le fondateur de Free, Xavier Niel, ou le Premier ministre Bernard Cazeneuve.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Parisien&rft.atitle=Au+Lys-Chantilly%2C+ce+%22+ghetto+des+riches+%22+o%C3%B9+Fran%C3%A7ois+Fillon+s%27impose&rft.date=2017-03-13&rft.aulast=Lasry-Segura&rft.aufirst=Edith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leparisien.fr%2Flamorlaye-60260%2Fau-lys-chantilly-ce-ghetto-des-riches-ou-francois-fillon-s-impose-13-03-2017-6758415.php%23xtor%3DAD-1481423553%26xtor%3DAD-1481423552&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXavier+Niel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.challenges.fr/conso-et-luxe/l-apogee-a-courchevel-le-palace-de-xavier-niel_174224">"L'Apogée à Courchevel, le palace de Xavier Niel - Challenges"</a>. 25 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%27Apog%C3%A9e+%C3%A0+Courchevel%2C+le+palace+de+Xavier+Niel+-+Challenges&rft.date=2013-12-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.challenges.fr%2Fconso-et-luxe%2Fl-apogee-a-courchevel-le-palace-de-xavier-niel_174224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXavier+Niel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sarah Cascone, 'Billionaire Art Collector Xavier Niel Bought a $226 Million Paris Hotel Rumored to Be the Future Home of His Cultural Foundation', ArtNet, 24 February 2022 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://news.artnet.com/art-world/xavier-niel-snaps-french-mansion-foundation-2077314">[1]</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xavier_Niel&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Xavier_Niel" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Xavier Niel">Xavier Niel</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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