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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleus_(Neuroanatomie)" title="Nucleus (Neuroanatomie) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nucleus (Neuroanatomie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87_(%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C)" title="هسته (نوروآناتومی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هسته (نوروآناتومی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EA%B2%BD%ED%95%B5" title="신경핵 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="신경핵" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleo_(neuroanatomia)" title="Nucleo (neuroanatomia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nucleo (neuroanatomia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F_(%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="גרעין (נוירואנטומיה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרעין (נוירואנטומיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mag_(neuroanat%C3%B3mia)" title="Mag (neuroanatómia) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Mag (neuroanatómia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleus_(neuroanatomie)" title="Nucleus (neuroanatomie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nucleus (neuroanatomie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%B5%8C%E6%A0%B8" title="神経核 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="神経核" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%85dro_(neuroanatomia)" title="Jądro (neuroanatomia) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jądro (neuroanatomia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAcleo_(neuroanatomia)" title="Núcleo (neuroanatomia) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Núcleo (neuroanatomia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleu_(neuroanatomie)" title="Nucleu (neuroanatomie) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nucleu (neuroanatomie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleus_(brain)" title="Nucleus (brain) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nucleus (brain)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumake" title="Tumake – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tumake" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA_(%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97)" title="นิวเคลียส (ระบบประสาท) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นิวเคลียส (ระบบประสาท)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE_(%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Ядро (нейроанатомія) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ядро (нейроанатомія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Cluster of neurons in the central nervous system</div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Neuroanatomy" title="Neuroanatomy">neuroanatomy</a>, a <b>nucleus</b> (<abbr title="plural form">pl.</abbr>: <b>nuclei</b>) is a cluster of <a href="/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron">neurons</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> located deep within the <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_hemisphere" title="Cerebral hemisphere">cerebral hemispheres</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brainstem" title="Brainstem">brainstem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The neurons in one nucleus usually have roughly similar connections and functions.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nuclei are connected to other nuclei by <a href="/wiki/Nerve_tract" title="Nerve tract">tracts</a>, the bundles (fascicles) of <a href="/wiki/Axon" title="Axon">axons</a> (nerve fibers) extending from the cell bodies. A nucleus is one of the two most common forms of nerve cell organization, the other being layered structures such as the <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_cortex" title="Cerebral cortex">cerebral cortex</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cerebellum" title="Cerebellum">cerebellar cortex</a>. In anatomical sections, a nucleus shows up as a region of <a href="/wiki/Gray_matter" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray matter">gray matter</a>, often bordered by <a href="/wiki/White_matter" title="White matter">white matter</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate">vertebrate</a> brain contains hundreds of distinguishable nuclei, varying widely in shape and size. A nucleus may itself have a complex internal structure, with multiple types of neurons arranged in clumps (subnuclei) or layers. </p><p>The term "nucleus" is in some cases used rather loosely, to mean simply an identifiably distinct group of neurons, even if they are spread over an extended area. The <a href="/wiki/Thalamic_reticular_nucleus" title="Thalamic reticular nucleus">reticular nucleus of the thalamus</a>, for example, is a thin layer of inhibitory neurons that surrounds the thalamus. </p><p>Some of the major anatomical components of the brain are organized as clusters of interconnected nuclei. Notable among these are the <a href="/wiki/Thalamus" title="Thalamus">thalamus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hypothalamus" title="Hypothalamus">hypothalamus</a>, each of which contains several dozen distinguishable substructures. The <a href="/wiki/Medulla_oblongata" title="Medulla oblongata">medulla</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pons" title="Pons">pons</a> also contain numerous small nuclei with a wide variety of sensory, motor, and regulatory functions. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Peripheral_nervous_system" title="Peripheral nervous system">peripheral nervous system</a> (PNS), a cluster of cell bodies of neurons (homologous to a CNS nucleus) is called a <a href="/wiki/Ganglion" title="Ganglion">ganglion</a>. The fascicles of nerve fibers in the PNS (homologous to CNS tracts) are called <a href="/wiki/Nerve" title="Nerve">nerves</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nucleus_(neuroanatomy)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brainstem" title="Brainstem">Brainstem</a>: <a href="/wiki/Red_nucleus" title="Red nucleus">red nucleus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vestibular_nucleus" class="mw-redirect" title="Vestibular nucleus">vestibular nucleus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inferior_olive" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior olive">inferior olive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerebellum" title="Cerebellum">Cerebellum</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dentate_nucleus" title="Dentate nucleus">dentate nucleus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emboliform_nucleus" title="Emboliform nucleus">emboliform nucleus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Globose_nucleus" title="Globose nucleus">globose nucleus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fastigial_nucleus" title="Fastigial nucleus">fastigial nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basal_ganglia" title="Basal ganglia">Basal ganglia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Striatum" title="Striatum">striatum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Caudate_nucleus" title="Caudate nucleus">caudate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Putamen" title="Putamen">putamen</a>), pallidum (<a href="/wiki/Globus_pallidus" title="Globus pallidus">globus pallidus</a>, medial and lateral), <a href="/wiki/Substantia_nigra" title="Substantia nigra">substantia nigra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subthalamic_nucleus" title="Subthalamic nucleus">subthalamic nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranial_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Cranial nerve">Cranial nerve</a> nuclei</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventromedial_nucleus_of_the_hypothalamus" title="Ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus">Ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus</a>: "The ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is a distinct morphological nucleus involved in feeding, fear, thermoregulation, and sexual activity."</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nucleus_(neuroanatomy)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_in_the_human_brain" title="List of regions in the human brain">List of regions in the human brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brain" title="Brain">Brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nervous_system" title="Nervous system">Nervous system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_nerves_of_the_human_body" title="List of nerves of the human body">List of nerves of the human body</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nucleus_(neuroanatomy)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMooreDalley2005" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Keith; Dalley, Arthur (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/clinicallyorient00moor_1/page/47"><i>Clinically Oriented Anatomy</i></a></span> (5th ed.). LWW. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/clinicallyorient00moor_1/page/47">47</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7817-3639-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7817-3639-0"><bdi>0-7817-3639-0</bdi></a>. <q>A collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS is called a nucleus.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Clinically+Oriented+Anatomy&rft.pages=47&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=LWW&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7817-3639-0&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.au=Dalley%2C+Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fclinicallyorient00moor_1%2Fpage%2F47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANucleus+%28neuroanatomy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlumenfeld2010" class="citation book cs1">Blumenfeld, Hal (2010). <i>Neuroanatomy through clinical cases</i> (2nd ed.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates. p. 21. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780878936137" title="Special:BookSources/9780878936137"><bdi>9780878936137</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Neuroanatomy+through+clinical+cases&rft.place=Sunderland%2C+Mass.&rft.pages=21&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Sinauer+Associates&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780878936137&rft.aulast=Blumenfeld&rft.aufirst=Hal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANucleus+%28neuroanatomy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPurvesAugustineFitzpatrickHall2012" class="citation book cs1">Purves, Dale; Augustine, George J.; Fitzpatrick, David; Hall, William C.; LaMantia, Anthony-Samuel; White, Leonard E. (2012). <i>Neuroscience</i> (5th ed.). Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, Inc. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780878936953" title="Special:BookSources/9780878936953"><bdi>9780878936953</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Neuroscience&rft.place=Sunderland%2C+MA&rft.pages=15&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Sinauer+Associates%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780878936953&rft.aulast=Purves&rft.aufirst=Dale&rft.au=Augustine%2C+George+J.&rft.au=Fitzpatrick%2C+David&rft.au=Hall%2C+William+C.&rft.au=LaMantia%2C+Anthony-Samuel&rft.au=White%2C+Leonard+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANucleus+%28neuroanatomy%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brain_diagram_without_text.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Brain_diagram_without_text.svg/40px-Brain_diagram_without_text.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Brain_diagram_without_text.svg/60px-Brain_diagram_without_text.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Brain_diagram_without_text.svg/80px-Brain_diagram_without_text.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="731" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This <a href="/wiki/Neuroanatomy" title="Neuroanatomy">neuroanatomy</a> article is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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