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members subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Permanent_cabinet_members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Former_permanent_cabinet_members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_permanent_cabinet_members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Former permanent cabinet members</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_permanent_cabinet_members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cabinet-level_positions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cabinet-level_positions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Cabinet-level positions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cabinet-level_positions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/110px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/165px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/220px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="476" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal government</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution of the United States</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_States" title="Law of the United States">Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_United_States_treaties" title="List of the United States treaties">Treaties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a></b></li></ul> <p><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:(118th)_US_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/%28118th%29_US_House_of_Representatives.svg/49px-%28118th%29_US_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="49" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/%28118th%29_US_House_of_Representatives.svg/74px-%28118th%29_US_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/%28118th%29_US_House_of_Representatives.svg/98px-%28118th%29_US_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:118th_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/118th_United_States_Senate.svg/54px-118th_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="54" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/118th_United_States_Senate.svg/82px-118th_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/118th_United_States_Senate.svg/108px-118th_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="320" /></a></span> </p> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Johnson" title="Mike Johnson">Mike Johnson</a> (R)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">Majority Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Steve_Scalise" title="Steve Scalise">Steve Scalise</a> (R)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">Minority Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Hakeem_Jeffries" title="Hakeem Jeffries">Hakeem Jeffries</a> (D)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_district" class="mw-redirect" title="United States congressional district">Congressional districts</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_congressional_districts" title="List of United States congressional districts">list</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Non-voting_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives">Non-voting members</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (D)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President Pro Tempore</a> <a href="/wiki/Patty_Murray" title="Patty Murray">Patty Murray</a> (D)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">Majority Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Schumer" title="Chuck Schumer">Chuck Schumer</a> (D)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">Minority Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">Mitch McConnell</a> (R)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Executive_branch_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive branch of the United States">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> (D)</li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> (D)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_agencies_in_the_United_States" title="List of federal agencies in the United States">Federal agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Federal_judiciary_of_the_United_States" title="Federal judiciary of the United States">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">John Roberts</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito" title="Samuel Alito">Alito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor" title="Sonia Sotomayor">Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Kagan" title="Elena Kagan">Kagan</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch" title="Neil Gorsuch">Gorsuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh" title="Brett Kavanaugh">Kavanaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett" title="Amy Coney Barrett">Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson">Jackson</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Article_Three_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Three of the United States Constitution">Inferior Courts of the United States</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">Courts of appeals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_district_court" title="United States district court">District courts</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_district_and_territorial_courts" title="List of United States district and territorial courts">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_International_Trade" title="United States Court of International Trade"> Court of International Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Alien_Terrorist_Removal_Court" title="United States Alien Terrorist Removal Court">Alien Terrorist Removal Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Judicial_Panel_on_Multidistrict_Litigation" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation">Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Court" title="United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court">Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Foreign_Intelligence_Surveillance_Court_of_Review" title="United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review">Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Federal_tribunals_in_the_United_States" title="Federal tribunals in the United States">Other tribunals</a></b></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_States" title="Elections in the United States">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b> National elections</b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election" title="United States presidential election">Presidential elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_midterm_election" title="United States midterm election">Midterm elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Off-year_election" title="Off-year election">Off-year elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partisan_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan primary">Primary elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_primary" title="United States presidential primary">Presidential primary</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b> Elections by state and territory</b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Alabama" title="Elections in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Alaska" title="Elections in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Arizona" title="Elections in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Arkansas" title="Elections in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_California" title="Elections in California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Colorado" title="Elections in Colorado"> Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Connecticut" title="Elections in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Delaware" title="Elections in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Florida" title="Elections in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Elections in Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Hawaii" title="Elections in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Idaho" title="Elections in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Illinois" title="Elections in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Indiana" title="Elections in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Iowa" title="Elections in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Kansas" title="Elections in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Kentucky" title="Elections in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Louisiana" title="Elections in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Maine" title="Elections in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Maryland" title="Elections in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_elections_in_Massachusetts" title="List of elections in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Michigan" title="Elections in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Minnesota" title="Elections in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Mississippi" title="Elections in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Missouri" title="Elections in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Montana" title="Elections in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Nebraska" title="Elections in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Nevada" title="Elections in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_Hampshire" title="Elections in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_Jersey" title="Elections in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_Mexico" title="Elections in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_New_York_(state)" title="Elections in New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_North_Carolina" title="Elections in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_North_Dakota" title="Elections in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Ohio" title="Elections in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Oklahoma" title="Elections in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Oregon" title="Elections in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Pennsylvania" title="Elections in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Rhode_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_South_Carolina" title="Elections in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_South_Dakota" title="Elections in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Tennessee" title="Elections in Tennessee"> Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Texas" title="Elections in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Utah" title="Elections in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Vermont" title="Elections in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Virginia" title="Elections in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Washington_(state)" title="Elections in Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_West_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Elections in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Wisconsin" title="Elections in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Wyoming" title="Elections in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_American_Samoa" title="Elections in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Guam" title="Elections in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Elections in the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Elections in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Elections in the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Elections in the District of Columbia">Elections in the District of Columbia</a></b></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_elections_in_the_United_States" title="List of elections in the United States">List of elections</a>)</b></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="Political parties in the United States">Political parties</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">Green</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="List of political parties in the United States">List of political parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Political_ideologies_in_the_United_States" title="Political ideologies in the United States">Political ideologies</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">Conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_conservatism" title="Black conservatism">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism">Neo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Social conservatism in the United States">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Traditionalist conservatism in the United States">Traditionalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Liberalism in the United States">Liberalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism#United_States" title="Classical liberalism">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_liberalism#United_States" title="Conservative liberalism">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">Progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">Abolitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Anarchism in the United States">Anarchism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism" title="Anarcho-capitalism">Capitalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Individualist anarchism in the United States">Individualist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism_in_the_United_States" title="Constitutionalism in the United States">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmentalism in the United States">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_United_States" title="Feminism in the United States">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_States" title="Libertarianism in the United States">Libertarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Monarchism in the United States">Monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nativism_in_United_States_politics" title="Nativism in United States politics">Nativism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism_in_the_United_States" title="Populism in the United States">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectionism_in_the_United_States" title="Protectionism in the United States">Protectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialism in the United States">Socialism</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_culture_of_the_United_States" title="Political culture of the United States">Political culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_polarization_in_the_United_States" title="Political polarization in the United States">Political polarization</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">Federalism</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_the_United_States" title="State governments of the United States">State</a> and <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">territorial</a> government</b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_governors" title="List of current United States governors">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">Legislatures</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_legislatures" title="List of United States state legislatures">list</a>)</li> <li><a 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img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait.jpg/200px-Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait.jpg/300px-Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait.jpg 1.5x, 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Colin_Powell_official_Secretary_of_State_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Colin Powell smiling with eye glasses wearing a dark suit jacket, white button-shirt with collar, and a solid burgundy tie. The United States flag is in the background." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Colin_Powell_official_Secretary_of_State_photo.jpg/151px-Colin_Powell_official_Secretary_of_State_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="151" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Colin_Powell_official_Secretary_of_State_photo.jpg/227px-Colin_Powell_official_Secretary_of_State_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Colin_Powell_official_Secretary_of_State_photo.jpg/302px-Colin_Powell_official_Secretary_of_State_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Condoleezza_Rice_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Condoleezza Rice smiling wearing a dark blue jacket over a patterned blouse. The United States flag is in the background." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Condoleezza_Rice_cropped.jpg/145px-Condoleezza_Rice_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Condoleezza_Rice_cropped.jpg/218px-Condoleezza_Rice_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Condoleezza_Rice_cropped.jpg/290px-Condoleezza_Rice_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1974" data-file-height="2610" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Condoleezza Rice</a> (right) are the highest-ranking black Jamaican-American and Black-American to lead the <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_executive_departments" title="United States federal executive departments">Federal Executive Department</a>; each held the post of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a>.</div></div></div></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet of the United States</a>, which is the principal advisory body to the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a>, has had 35 <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African-American</a> members altogether, with one of them serving in multiple different positions for a total of 36 cabinet appointments. Of that particular number, 25 different Black individuals held a total of 26 permanent cabinet posts, serving as <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> or head of one of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_executive_departments" title="United States federal executive departments">federal executive departments</a>, and 10 more held cabinet-level positions, which can differ under each president; no one officeholder served in both cabinet and cabinet-rank roles. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a> defines African Americans as citizens or residents of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> who have origins in any of the <a href="/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people">black</a> populations of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-censusblack_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censusblack-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term is generally used for Americans with at least partial <a href="/wiki/Ancestor" title="Ancestor">ancestry</a> in any of the original peoples of <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">sub-Saharan Africa</a>. During the founding of the federal government, Black Americans were consigned to a status of <a href="/wiki/Second-class_citizen" title="Second-class citizen">second-class citizenship</a> or <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">enslaved</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No African American ever held a cabinet position before the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a> or the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a>, which banned <a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">discrimination</a> in public accommodations, employment, and <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">labor unions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Weaver" title="Robert C. Weaver">Robert C. Weaver</a> became the first Black-American to serve in a president's cabinet when he was appointed <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development">Secretary of Housing and Urban Development</a> by President <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> in 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-WeaverCabinet_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WeaverCabinet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Roberts_Harris" title="Patricia Roberts Harris">Patricia Roberts Harris</a> was the first black woman to serve in a presidential cabinet when she was named to the same position by President <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter">Jimmy Carter</a> in 1977. Two years later, Carter tapped her for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">Secretary of Health and Human services</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-HEW_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HEW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thus making her the first African-American to hold two different cabinet positions.<sup id="cite_ref-HarrisCabinet_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HarrisCabinet-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 20, 2001, <a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a> assumed the post of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> under President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a>, which made him the highest-ranked black Jamaican-American among cabinet secretaries to enter the <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession" title="United States presidential line of succession">presidential line of succession</a>, standing fourth.<sup id="cite_ref-XXVAmendment_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-XXVAmendment-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Condoleezza Rice</a> took over the same position in 2005, during Bush's second term, making her the highest-placed Black person in line to the presidency. <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> replaced both Powell and Rice to become the highest-ranking black person ever to be in the line of succession upon <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden" title="Inauguration of Joe Biden">being inaugurated</a> as the first black Jamaican/Indian-American vice president on January 20, 2021, alongside President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FirstVP_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FirstVP-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-XXVAmendment_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-XXVAmendment-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> named the most African-Americans as secretaries to his first-term cabinet, with four: former <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. representative</a> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Espy" title="Mike Espy">Mike Espy</a> (D-MS) as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture" title="United States Secretary of Agriculture">Secretary of Agriculture</a>; <a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee" title="Democratic National Committee">DNC chairman</a> <a href="/wiki/Ron_Brown" title="Ron Brown">Ron Brown</a> as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a>; corporate director <a href="/wiki/Hazel_R._O%27Leary" title="Hazel R. O'Leary">Hazel R. O'Leary</a> as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Secretary of Energy">Secretary of Energy</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Disabled_American_Veterans" title="Disabled American Veterans">DAV executive director</a> <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Brown" title="Jesse Brown">Jesse Brown</a> as <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs">Secretary of Veterans affairs</a>. Clinton exceeded that record by three, including <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_reshuffle" title="Cabinet reshuffle">cabinet reshuffles</a> during his second term in office.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Department of Housing and Urban Development">Department of Housing and Urban Development</a> has had the most African-American secretaries, with six. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Transportation" title="United States Department of Transportation">Department of Transportation</a> has had three; the Departments of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Education" title="United States Department of Education">Education</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">Health and Human Services</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Justice</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">State</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Department of Veterans Affairs">Veterans Affairs</a> have had two; the Departments of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">Agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">Commerce</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Defense</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Energy</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Homeland Security</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Labor" title="United States Department of Labor">Labor</a> have had one. The Departments of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">Interior</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">Treasury</a> are the only existing executive departments that have not yet had African-American secretaries.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The totals for this list include only African-American presidential appointees confirmed (if necessary) by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> to cabinet or cabinet-level positions and taking their <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_office" title="Oath of office">oath of office</a>; they do not include <a href="/wiki/Acting_(law)" title="Acting (law)">acting</a> officials or nominees awaiting confirmation. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">44th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a>, is the most senior African American to have held a role related to the U.S. Cabinet. Although not officially a member, he held the unique position of chairing the Cabinet during his presidency. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Permanent_cabinet_members">Permanent cabinet members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_African-American_United_States_Cabinet_members&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Permanent cabinet members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following list includes African-Americans who have held permanent positions in the Cabinet, all of whom are in the line of succession to the presidency. The table below is organized based on the beginning of their terms in office. Officeholders whose terms begin the same day are listed according to the presidential order of succession. </p> <dl><dd><i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFFF99; color:black;"> * </span> denotes the first African-American holder of that particular office</i></dd></dl> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th scope="col">Portrait </th> <th scope="col">Name </th> <th scope="col">Office </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession" title="United States presidential line of succession">Succession</a><sup id="cite_ref-XXVAmendment_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-XXVAmendment-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th scope="col">Term start </th> <th scope="col">Term end </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2">Party </th> <th scope="col">Administration(s) </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="Reference(s)">Ref.</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1 </th> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99" data-sort-value="Weaver, Robert C."><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_C._Weaver_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Robert_C._Weaver_official_portrait.jpg/90px-Robert_C._Weaver_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Robert_C._Weaver_official_portrait.jpg/135px-Robert_C._Weaver_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Robert_C._Weaver_official_portrait.jpg/180px-Robert_C._Weaver_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3017" data-file-height="4149" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><span data-sort-value="Weaver, Robert C."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Weaver" title="Robert C. Weaver">Robert C. Weaver</a></span></span></span>* </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Housing_and_Urban_Development" title="United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development">Secretary of Housing and Urban Development</a> </td> <td>13 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001966-01-18-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 18, 1966</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001968-12-18-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">December 18, 1968</span> </td> <td style="background-color:#3333FF"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson">Johnson</a> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-WeaverCabinet_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WeaverCabinet-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2 </th> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99" data-sort-value="Coleman, William Thaddeus, Jr."><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Thaddeus_Coleman_-_Cabinet_meeting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/William_Thaddeus_Coleman_-_Cabinet_meeting.jpg/90px-William_Thaddeus_Coleman_-_Cabinet_meeting.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/William_Thaddeus_Coleman_-_Cabinet_meeting.jpg/135px-William_Thaddeus_Coleman_-_Cabinet_meeting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/William_Thaddeus_Coleman_-_Cabinet_meeting.jpg/180px-William_Thaddeus_Coleman_-_Cabinet_meeting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="420" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><span data-sort-value="Coleman, William"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Thaddeus_Coleman_Jr." title="William Thaddeus Coleman Jr.">William Coleman</a></span></span></span>* </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Transportation" title="United States Secretary of Transportation">Secretary of Transportation</a> </td> <td>14 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001975-03-07-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 7, 1975</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001977-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 1977</span> </td> <td style="background-color:#E81B23"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Gerald_Ford" title="Presidency of Gerald Ford">Ford</a> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"">3 </th> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99" rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Harris, Patricia Roberts"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Patricia_R._Harris_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Patricia_R._Harris_official_portrait.jpg/90px-Patricia_R._Harris_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Patricia_R._Harris_official_portrait.jpg/135px-Patricia_R._Harris_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Patricia_R._Harris_official_portrait.jpg/180px-Patricia_R._Harris_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3300" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99" rowspan="2"><span data-sort-value="Harris, Patricia"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Roberts_Harris" title="Patricia Roberts Harris">Patricia Harris</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>Secretary of Housing and Urban Development </td> <td>13 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001977-01-23-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 23, 1977</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001979-09-10-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">September 10, 1979</span> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#3333FF"> </td> <td rowspan="2">Democratic </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Presidency of Jimmy Carter">Carter</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-HarrisCabinet_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HarrisCabinet-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Secretary of Health and Human Services">Secretary of Health and Human Services</a><sup id="cite_ref-HEW_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HEW-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>12 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001979-08-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">August 3, 1979</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001981-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 1981</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">4 </th> <td data-sort-value="Pierce, Samuel"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samuel_Pierce_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Samuel_Pierce_official_portrait.jpg/90px-Samuel_Pierce_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Samuel_Pierce_official_portrait.jpg/135px-Samuel_Pierce_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Samuel_Pierce_official_portrait.jpg/180px-Samuel_Pierce_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3300" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Pierce, Samuel"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Pierce" title="Samuel Pierce">Samuel Pierce</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>Secretary of Housing and Urban Development </td> <td>13 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001981-01-23-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 23, 1981</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001989-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 1989</span> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E81B23"> </td> <td rowspan="2">Republican </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Presidency of Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">5 </th> <td data-sort-value="Sullivan, Louis W."><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SullivanLouis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/SullivanLouis.jpg/90px-SullivanLouis.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/SullivanLouis.jpg/135px-SullivanLouis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/SullivanLouis.jpg/180px-SullivanLouis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="366" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Sullivan, Louis W."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Louis_W._Sullivan" title="Louis W. Sullivan">Louis W. Sullivan</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>Secretary of Health and Human Services </td> <td>12 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001989-03-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 1, 1989</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 1993</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Presidency of George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">6 </th> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99" data-sort-value="Epsy, Mike"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mike_Espy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Mike_Espy.jpg/90px-Mike_Espy.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Mike_Espy.jpg/135px-Mike_Espy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Mike_Espy.jpg/180px-Mike_Espy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1898" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><span data-sort-value="Espy, Mike"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Espy" title="Mike Espy">Mike Espy</a></span></span></span>* </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Agriculture" title="United States Secretary of Agriculture">Secretary of Agriculture</a> </td> <td>9 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-01-22-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 22, 1993</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001994-12-31-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">December 31, 1994</span> </td> <td rowspan="7" style="background-color:#3333FF"> </td> <td rowspan="7">Democratic </td> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">Clinton</a> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">6 </th> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99" data-sort-value="Brown, Ron"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RonBrownUS.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/RonBrownUS.JPG/90px-RonBrownUS.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/RonBrownUS.JPG/135px-RonBrownUS.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/RonBrownUS.JPG/180px-RonBrownUS.JPG 2x" data-file-width="343" data-file-height="438" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><span data-sort-value="Brown, Ron"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Brown" title="Ron Brown">Ron Brown</a></span></span></span>* </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="United States Secretary of Commerce">Secretary of Commerce</a> </td> <td>10 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-01-22-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 22, 1993</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001996-04-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">April 3, 1996</span> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">6 </th> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99" data-sort-value="O'Leary, Hazel R."><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hazel_O%27Leary_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Hazel_O%27Leary_2.jpg/90px-Hazel_O%27Leary_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Hazel_O%27Leary_2.jpg/135px-Hazel_O%27Leary_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Hazel_O%27Leary_2.jpg/180px-Hazel_O%27Leary_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2531" data-file-height="3200" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><span data-sort-value="O'Leary, Hazel R."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Hazel_R._O%27Leary" title="Hazel R. O'Leary">Hazel R. O'Leary</a></span></span></span>* </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Secretary of Energy">Secretary of Energy</a> </td> <td>15 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-01-22-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 22, 1993</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001997-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 1997</span> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">6 </th> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99" data-sort-value="Brown, Jesse"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jesse_brown_va.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Jesse_brown_va.jpg/90px-Jesse_brown_va.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Jesse_brown_va.jpg/135px-Jesse_brown_va.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Jesse_brown_va.jpg/180px-Jesse_brown_va.jpg 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><span data-sort-value="Brown, Jesse"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Brown" title="Jesse Brown">Jesse Brown</a></span></span></span>* </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Veterans_Affairs" title="United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs">Secretary of Veterans Affairs</a> </td> <td>17 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-01-22-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 22, 1993</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001997-07-13-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">July 13, 1997</span> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-Brownnews_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brownnews-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">10 </th> <td data-sort-value="Slater, Rodney E."><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Slater_rodney.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Slater_rodney.jpg/90px-Slater_rodney.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Slater_rodney.jpg/135px-Slater_rodney.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Slater_rodney.jpg/180px-Slater_rodney.jpg 2x" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="248" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Slater, Rodney E."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Rodney_E._Slater" title="Rodney E. Slater">Rodney E. Slater</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>Secretary of Transportation </td> <td>14 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001997-02-14-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">February 14, 1997</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002001-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 2001</span> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">11 </th> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99" data-sort-value="Herman, Alexis"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexis_osec.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Alexis_osec.jpg/90px-Alexis_osec.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Alexis_osec.jpg/135px-Alexis_osec.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Alexis_osec.jpg/180px-Alexis_osec.jpg 2x" data-file-width="188" data-file-height="278" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><span data-sort-value="Herman, Alexis"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Alexis_Herman" title="Alexis Herman">Alexis Herman</a></span></span></span>* </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor">Secretary of Labor</a> </td> <td>11 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001997-05-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">May 1, 1997</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002001-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 2001</span> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-Herman_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Herman-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Clinton_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clinton-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">12 </th> <td data-sort-value="West, Togo D., Jr."><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TogoDWest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/TogoDWest.jpg/90px-TogoDWest.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/TogoDWest.jpg/135px-TogoDWest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/TogoDWest.jpg/180px-TogoDWest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1189" data-file-height="1489" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="West, Togo D."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Togo_D._West_Jr." title="Togo D. West Jr.">Togo D. West</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>Secretary of Veterans Affairs </td> <td>17 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001998-05-04-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">May 4, 1998</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002000-07-25-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">July 25, 2000</span> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">13 </th> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99" data-sort-value="Powell, Colin"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Colin_Powell_official_Secretary_of_State_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Colin_Powell_official_Secretary_of_State_photo.jpg/90px-Colin_Powell_official_Secretary_of_State_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Colin_Powell_official_Secretary_of_State_photo.jpg/135px-Colin_Powell_official_Secretary_of_State_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Colin_Powell_official_Secretary_of_State_photo.jpg/180px-Colin_Powell_official_Secretary_of_State_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><span data-sort-value="Powell, Colin"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a></span></span></span>* </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a> </td> <td>4 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002001-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 2001</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002005-01-26-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 26, 2005</span> </td> <td rowspan="4" style="background-color:#E81B23"> </td> <td rowspan="4">Republican </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">13 </th> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99" data-sort-value="Paige, Rod"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rod_Paige.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Rod_Paige.jpg/90px-Rod_Paige.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Rod_Paige.jpg/135px-Rod_Paige.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Rod_Paige.jpg/180px-Rod_Paige.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="1484" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><span data-sort-value="Paige, Rod"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Rod_Paige" title="Rod Paige">Rod Paige</a></span></span></span>* </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Education" title="United States Secretary of Education">Secretary of Education</a> </td> <td>16 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002001-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 2001</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002005-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 2005</span> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">15 </th> <td data-sort-value="Jackson, Alphonso"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Alphonso_Jackson_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Alphonso_Jackson_official_portrait.jpg/90px-Alphonso_Jackson_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Alphonso_Jackson_official_portrait.jpg/135px-Alphonso_Jackson_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Alphonso_Jackson_official_portrait.jpg/180px-Alphonso_Jackson_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2530" data-file-height="3300" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Jackson, Alphonso"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Alphonso_Jackson" title="Alphonso Jackson">Alphonso Jackson</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>Secretary of Housing and Urban Development </td> <td>13 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002004-08-31-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">August 31, 2004</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002008-04-18-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">April 18, 2008</span> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">16 </th> <td data-sort-value="Rice, Condoleezza"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Condoleezza_Rice_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Condoleezza_Rice_cropped.jpg/90px-Condoleezza_Rice_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Condoleezza_Rice_cropped.jpg/135px-Condoleezza_Rice_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Condoleezza_Rice_cropped.jpg/180px-Condoleezza_Rice_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1974" data-file-height="2610" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Rice, Condoleezza"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice" title="Condoleezza Rice">Condoleezza Rice</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>Secretary of State </td> <td>4 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002005-01-26-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 26, 2005</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002009-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 2009</span> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">17 </th> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99" data-sort-value="Holder, Eric"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eric_Holder_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Eric_Holder_official_portrait.jpg/90px-Eric_Holder_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Eric_Holder_official_portrait.jpg/135px-Eric_Holder_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Eric_Holder_official_portrait.jpg/180px-Eric_Holder_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><span data-sort-value="Holder, Eric"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Holder" title="Eric Holder">Eric Holder</a></span></span></span>* </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">Attorney General</a> </td> <td>7 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002009-02-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">February 3, 2009</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002015-04-27-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">April 27, 2015</span> </td> <td rowspan="5" style="background-color:#3333FF"> </td> <td rowspan="5">Democratic </td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Barack_Obama" title="Cabinet of Barack Obama">Obama</a> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">18 </th> <td data-sort-value="Foxx, Anthony"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anthony_Foxx_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Anthony_Foxx_official_portrait.jpg/90px-Anthony_Foxx_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Anthony_Foxx_official_portrait.jpg/135px-Anthony_Foxx_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Anthony_Foxx_official_portrait.jpg/180px-Anthony_Foxx_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Foxx, Anthony"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Foxx" title="Anthony Foxx">Anthony Foxx</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>Secretary of Transportation </td> <td>14 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002013-07-02-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">July 2, 2013</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002017-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 2017</span> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">19 </th> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99" data-sort-value="Johnson, Jeh"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jeh_Johnson_official_DHS_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Jeh_Johnson_official_DHS_portrait.jpg/90px-Jeh_Johnson_official_DHS_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Jeh_Johnson_official_DHS_portrait.jpg/135px-Jeh_Johnson_official_DHS_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Jeh_Johnson_official_DHS_portrait.jpg/180px-Jeh_Johnson_official_DHS_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><span data-sort-value="Johnson, Jeh"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jeh_Johnson" title="Jeh Johnson">Jeh Johnson</a></span></span></span>* </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Secretary of Homeland Security">Secretary of Homeland Security</a> </td> <td>18 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002013-12-23-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">December 23, 2013</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002017-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 2017</span> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">20 </th> <td data-sort-value="Lynch, Loretta"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Loretta_Lynch,_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Loretta_Lynch%2C_official_portrait.jpg/90px-Loretta_Lynch%2C_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Loretta_Lynch%2C_official_portrait.jpg/135px-Loretta_Lynch%2C_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Loretta_Lynch%2C_official_portrait.jpg/180px-Loretta_Lynch%2C_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4258" data-file-height="5323" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Lynch, Loretta"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Loretta_Lynch" title="Loretta Lynch">Loretta Lynch</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>Attorney General </td> <td>7 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002015-04-27-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">April 27, 2015</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002017-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 2017</span> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">21 </th> <td data-sort-value="King, John, Jr."><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_B._King_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/John_B._King_official_portrait.jpg/90px-John_B._King_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/John_B._King_official_portrait.jpg/135px-John_B._King_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/John_B._King_official_portrait.jpg/180px-John_B._King_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4920" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="King, John"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_King_Jr." title="John King Jr.">John King</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>Secretary of Education </td> <td>16 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002016-01-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 1, 2016</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002017-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 2017</span> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">22 </th> <td data-sort-value="Carson, Ben"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ben_Carson_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Ben_Carson_official_portrait.jpg/90px-Ben_Carson_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Ben_Carson_official_portrait.jpg/135px-Ben_Carson_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Ben_Carson_official_portrait.jpg/180px-Ben_Carson_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2154" data-file-height="2692" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Carson, Ben"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Carson" title="Ben Carson">Ben Carson</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>Secretary of Housing and Urban Development </td> <td>13 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002017-03-02-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 2, 2017</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002021-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 2021</span> </td> <td style="background-color:#E81B23"> </td> <td>Republican </td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump" title="First cabinet of Donald Trump">Trump</a> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">23 </th> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99" data-sort-value="Harris, Kamala"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait.jpg/90px-Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait.jpg/135px-Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait.jpg/180px-Kamala_Harris_Vice_Presidential_Portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><span data-sort-value="Harris, Kamala"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a></span></span></span>* </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> </td> <td>1 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002021-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 2021</span> </td> <td>Incumbent </td> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:#3333FF"> </td> <td rowspan="3">Democratic </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Joe_Biden" title="Cabinet of Joe Biden">Biden</a> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-FirstVP_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FirstVP-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">24 </th> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99" data-sort-value="Austin, Lloyd"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_of_Defense_Lloyd_Austin,_official_portrait,_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Secretary_of_Defense_Lloyd_Austin%2C_official_portrait%2C_2023.jpg/90px-Secretary_of_Defense_Lloyd_Austin%2C_official_portrait%2C_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Secretary_of_Defense_Lloyd_Austin%2C_official_portrait%2C_2023.jpg/135px-Secretary_of_Defense_Lloyd_Austin%2C_official_portrait%2C_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Secretary_of_Defense_Lloyd_Austin%2C_official_portrait%2C_2023.jpg/180px-Secretary_of_Defense_Lloyd_Austin%2C_official_portrait%2C_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><span data-sort-value="Austin, Lloyd"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Austin" title="Lloyd Austin">Lloyd Austin</a></span></span></span>* </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense">Secretary of Defense</a> </td> <td>6 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002021-01-22-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 22, 2021</span> </td> <td>Incumbent </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">25 </th> <td data-sort-value="Fudge, Marcia"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SecretaryMarciaFudge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/SecretaryMarciaFudge.jpg/90px-SecretaryMarciaFudge.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/SecretaryMarciaFudge.jpg/135px-SecretaryMarciaFudge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/SecretaryMarciaFudge.jpg/180px-SecretaryMarciaFudge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Fudge, Marcia"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Marcia_Fudge" title="Marcia Fudge">Marcia Fudge</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>Secretary of Housing and Urban Development </td> <td>13 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002021-03-10-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 10, 2021</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002024-03-22-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 22, 2024</span> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_permanent_cabinet_members">Former permanent cabinet members</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_African-American_United_States_Cabinet_members&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Former permanent cabinet members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postmaster_General" title="United States Postmaster General">Postmaster General</a> ceased to be a member of the cabinet when the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Post_Office_Department" title="United States Post Office Department">Post Office Department</a> was re-organized into the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a>, a special agency independent of the executive branch, by the <a href="/wiki/Postal_Reorganization_Act" title="Postal Reorganization Act">Postal Reorganization Act</a> of 1970. No African American had ever served while it was a cabinet post.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Navy" title="United States Secretary of the Navy">Secretaries of the Navy</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Secretary of the Air Force">Air Force</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Army" title="United States Secretary of the Army">Army</a> ceased to be members of the cabinet when the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="United States Department of the Navy">Department of the Navy</a> was absorbed into the Department of Defense in 1947. No African American had ever served while they were cabinet posts.<sup id="cite_ref-DOD_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOD-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_War" title="United States Secretary of War">Secretary of War</a> became defunct when the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_War" title="United States Department of War">Department of War</a> became the Department of Defense in 1947. No African American had ever served while it was a cabinet post.<sup id="cite_ref-DOD_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOD-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Secretary of Commerce and Labor became defunct when the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce_and_Labor" title="United States Department of Commerce and Labor">Department of Commerce and Labor</a> was subdivided into two separate entities in 1913. No African American had ever served while it was a cabinet post.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cabinet-level_positions">Cabinet-level positions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_African-American_United_States_Cabinet_members&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cabinet-level positions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The president may designate or remove additional officials as cabinet members. These positions have not always been in the cabinet, so some African American officeholders may not be listed. </p><p>The following list includes African-Americans who have held cabinet-rank positions, which can vary under each president. They are not in the line of succession and are not necessarily <a href="/wiki/Officer_of_the_United_States" title="Officer of the United States">officers of the United States</a>. The table below is organized based on the beginning of their terms in office while it was raised to cabinet-level status. Officeholders whose terms begin the same day are listed alphabetically by last name. </p> <dl><dd><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FFFF99; color:black;"> * </span> denotes the first African-American holder of that particular office</i></dd></dl> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th scope="col">Portrait </th> <th scope="col">Name </th> <th scope="col">Office </th> <th scope="col">Term start </th> <th scope="col">Term start </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2">Party </th> <th scope="col">Administration(s) </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable"><abbr title="Reference(s)">Ref.</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">1 </th> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99" data-sort-value="Young, Andrew"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Andrew_Young,_bw_head-and-shoulders_photo,_June_6,_1977.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Andrew_Young%2C_bw_head-and-shoulders_photo%2C_June_6%2C_1977.jpg/90px-Andrew_Young%2C_bw_head-and-shoulders_photo%2C_June_6%2C_1977.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Andrew_Young%2C_bw_head-and-shoulders_photo%2C_June_6%2C_1977.jpg/135px-Andrew_Young%2C_bw_head-and-shoulders_photo%2C_June_6%2C_1977.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Andrew_Young%2C_bw_head-and-shoulders_photo%2C_June_6%2C_1977.jpg/180px-Andrew_Young%2C_bw_head-and-shoulders_photo%2C_June_6%2C_1977.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1628" data-file-height="2527" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><span data-sort-value="Young, Andrew"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Young" title="Andrew Young">Andrew Young</a></span></span></span>* </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_the_United_Nations" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Nations">United States Ambassador to the United Nations</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001977-01-30-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 30, 1977</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001979-09-23-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">September 23, 1979</span> </td> <td rowspan="10" style="background-color:#3333FF"> </td> <td rowspan="10"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter" title="Presidency of Jimmy Carter">Carter</a> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">2 </th> <td data-sort-value="McHenry, Donald"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UnitedNationsAmbassadorMcHenry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/UnitedNationsAmbassadorMcHenry.jpg/90px-UnitedNationsAmbassadorMcHenry.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/UnitedNationsAmbassadorMcHenry.jpg/135px-UnitedNationsAmbassadorMcHenry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/UnitedNationsAmbassadorMcHenry.jpg/180px-UnitedNationsAmbassadorMcHenry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="298" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="McHenry, Donald"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Donald_McHenry" title="Donald McHenry">Donald McHenry</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>United States Ambassador to the United Nations </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001979-09-23-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">September 23, 1979</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001981-01-20-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 20, 1981</span> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">3 </th> <td data-sort-value="Raines, Franklin"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Franklin_Raines_July_2002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Franklin_Raines_July_2002.jpg/90px-Franklin_Raines_July_2002.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Franklin_Raines_July_2002.jpg/135px-Franklin_Raines_July_2002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Franklin_Raines_July_2002.jpg/180px-Franklin_Raines_July_2002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="288" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><span data-sort-value="Raines, Franklin"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Raines" title="Franklin Raines">Franklin Raines</a></span></span></span>* </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Management_and_Budget" title="Office of Management and Budget">Director of the Office of Management and Budget</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001996-04-13-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">April 13, 1996</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001998-05-21-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">May 21, 1998</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Bill_Clinton" title="Presidency of Bill Clinton">Clinton</a> </td> <td align="center"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">4 </th> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99" data-sort-value="Jackson, Lisa P."><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lisa_P._Jackson_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Lisa_P._Jackson_official_portrait.jpg/90px-Lisa_P._Jackson_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Lisa_P._Jackson_official_portrait.jpg/135px-Lisa_P._Jackson_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Lisa_P._Jackson_official_portrait.jpg/180px-Lisa_P._Jackson_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><span data-sort-value="Jackson, Lisa P."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Lisa_P._Jackson" title="Lisa P. Jackson">Lisa P. Jackson</a></span></span></span>* </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><a href="/wiki/Administrator_of_the_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency">Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002009-01-23-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 23, 2009</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002013-02-19-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">February 19, 2013</span> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Barack_Obama" title="Cabinet of Barack Obama">Obama</a> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">5 </th> <td data-sort-value="Rice, Susan"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Susan_Rice,_official_State_Dept_photo_portrait,_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Susan_Rice%2C_official_State_Dept_photo_portrait%2C_2009.jpg/90px-Susan_Rice%2C_official_State_Dept_photo_portrait%2C_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Susan_Rice%2C_official_State_Dept_photo_portrait%2C_2009.jpg/135px-Susan_Rice%2C_official_State_Dept_photo_portrait%2C_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Susan_Rice%2C_official_State_Dept_photo_portrait%2C_2009.jpg/180px-Susan_Rice%2C_official_State_Dept_photo_portrait%2C_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="229" data-file-height="286" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Rice, Susan"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Rice" title="Susan Rice">Susan Rice</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>United States Ambassador to the United Nations </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002009-01-26-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 26, 2009</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002013-06-30-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">June 30, 2013</span> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">6 </th> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99" data-sort-value="Kirk, Ron"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ron_Kirk_official_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ron_Kirk_official_portrait.jpg/90px-Ron_Kirk_official_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ron_Kirk_official_portrait.jpg/135px-Ron_Kirk_official_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Ron_Kirk_official_portrait.jpg/180px-Ron_Kirk_official_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2912" data-file-height="3640" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><span data-sort-value="Kirk, Ron"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Kirk" title="Ron Kirk">Ron Kirk</a></span></span></span>* </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative" title="Office of the United States Trade Representative">United States Trade Representative</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002009-03-18-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 18, 2009</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002013-03-15-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 15, 2013</span> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">7 </th> <td data-sort-value="Thomas-Greenfield, Linda"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Linda-Thomas-Greenfield-v1-8x10-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Linda-Thomas-Greenfield-v1-8x10-1.jpg/90px-Linda-Thomas-Greenfield-v1-8x10-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Linda-Thomas-Greenfield-v1-8x10-1.jpg/135px-Linda-Thomas-Greenfield-v1-8x10-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Linda-Thomas-Greenfield-v1-8x10-1.jpg/180px-Linda-Thomas-Greenfield-v1-8x10-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4190" data-file-height="5237" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Thomas-Greenfield, Linda"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Linda_Thomas-Greenfield" title="Linda Thomas-Greenfield">Linda Thomas-Greenfield</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>United States Ambassador to the United Nations </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002021-02-25-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">February 25, 2021</span> </td> <td>Incumbent </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Joe_Biden" title="Cabinet of Joe Biden">Biden</a> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">8 </th> <td data-sort-value="Regan, Michael S."><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_S._Regan_official_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Michael_S._Regan_official_photo.jpg/90px-Michael_S._Regan_official_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Michael_S._Regan_official_photo.jpg/135px-Michael_S._Regan_official_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Michael_S._Regan_official_photo.jpg/180px-Michael_S._Regan_official_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Regan, Michael S."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Michael_S._Regan" title="Michael S. Regan">Michael S. Regan</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002021-03-11-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 11, 2021</span> </td> <td>Incumbent </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">9 </th> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99" data-sort-value="Rouse, Cecilia"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cecilia_Rouse,_CEA_Chair.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Cecilia_Rouse%2C_CEA_Chair.png/90px-Cecilia_Rouse%2C_CEA_Chair.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Cecilia_Rouse%2C_CEA_Chair.png/135px-Cecilia_Rouse%2C_CEA_Chair.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Cecilia_Rouse%2C_CEA_Chair.png/180px-Cecilia_Rouse%2C_CEA_Chair.png 2x" data-file-width="377" data-file-height="471" /></a></span> </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><span data-sort-value="Rouse, Cecilia"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Cecilia_Rouse" title="Cecilia Rouse">Cecilia Rouse</a></span></span></span>* </td> <td bgcolor="#FFFF99"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Economic_Advisers" title="Council of Economic Advisers">Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002021-03-12-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 12, 2021</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002023-03-31-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 31, 2023</span> </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">10 </th> <td data-sort-value="Young, Shalanda"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shalanda_Young,_OMB_Deputy_Director.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Shalanda_Young%2C_OMB_Deputy_Director.jpg/90px-Shalanda_Young%2C_OMB_Deputy_Director.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Shalanda_Young%2C_OMB_Deputy_Director.jpg/135px-Shalanda_Young%2C_OMB_Deputy_Director.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Shalanda_Young%2C_OMB_Deputy_Director.jpg/180px-Shalanda_Young%2C_OMB_Deputy_Director.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="Young, Shalanda"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Shalanda_Young" title="Shalanda Young">Shalanda Young</a></span></span></span> </td> <td>Director of the Office of Management and Budget </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002022-03-17-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 17, 2022</span> </td> <td>Incumbent </td> <td align="center"><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_African-American_United_States_Cabinet_members&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="African Americans in the United States Congress">African Americans in the United States Congress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_senators" title="List of African-American United States senators">List of African-American United States senators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_representatives" title="List of African-American United States representatives">List of African-American United States representatives</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Cabinet" title="Black Cabinet">Black Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_female_United_States_Cabinet_members" title="List of female United States Cabinet members">List of female United States Cabinet members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_first_African-American_mayors" title="List of first African-American mayors">List of first African-American mayors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_foreign-born_United_States_Cabinet_members" title="List of foreign-born United States Cabinet members">List of foreign-born United States Cabinet members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hispanic_and_Latino_American_United_States_Cabinet_members" title="List of Hispanic and Latino American United States Cabinet members">List of Hispanic and Latino American United States Cabinet members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_United_States_Cabinet_members" title="List of Jewish United States Cabinet members">List of Jewish United States Cabinet members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minority_governors_and_lieutenant_governors_in_the_United_States" title="List of minority governors and lieutenant governors in the United States">List of minority governors and lieutenant governors in the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_African-American_United_States_Cabinet_members&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-HEW-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HEW_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HEW_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The position was established as Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare on April 11, 1953; renamed Secretary of Health and Human Services on May 4, 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_African-American_United_States_Cabinet_members&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-censusblack-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-censusblack_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-06.pdf">"The Black Population: 2010"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-06.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Kamala+Harris+Makes+History+as+First+Woman+and+Woman+of+Color+as+Vice+President&rft.date=2020-11-07&rft.aulast=Schaff&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F11%2F07%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fkamala-harris.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+African-American+United+States+Cabinet+members" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2013" class="citation news cs1">Johnson, Kevin (April 14, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.phillytrib.com/news/a-president-for-everyone-except-black-people/article_164f06d9-abf2-5f29-a531-10ff57edf5f2.html">"A president for everyone, except Black people"</a>. <i>The Philadelphia Tribune</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210202105932/https://www.phillytrib.com/news/a-president-for-everyone-except-black-people/article_164f06d9-abf2-5f29-a531-10ff57edf5f2.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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JOB"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210602231007/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/09/01/archives/mhenry-appointed-to-youngs-un-job-chief-delegates-top-aide-vows-to.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 2, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=M%27HENRY+APPOINTED+TO+YYOUNG%27S+U.N.+JOB&rft.date=1979-09-01&rft.aulast=Teltsch&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1979%2F09%2F01%2Farchives%2Fmhenry-appointed-to-youngs-un-job-chief-delegates-top-aide-vows-to.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+African-American+United+States+Cabinet+members" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHebert2009" class="citation web cs1">Hebert, H. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 1,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Senate+confirms+Linda+Thomas-Greenfield+as+UN+ambassador&rft.date=2021-02-24&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Flinda-thomas-greenfield-confirmed-2ebb93df845e455c7200df76cf6998fd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+African-American+United+States+Cabinet+members" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStark2021" class="citation web cs1">Stark, Liz (March 10, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/10/politics/michael-regan-epa-administrator-confirmation-vote/index.html">"Senate confirms Michael Regan as head of Environmental Protection Agency"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210316003534/https://www.cnn.com/2021/03/10/politics/michael-regan-epa-administrator-confirmation-vote/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Senate+confirms+Michael+Regan+as+head+of+Environmental+Protection+Agency&rft.date=2021-03-10&rft.aulast=Stark&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2021%2F03%2F10%2Fpolitics%2Fmichael-regan-epa-administrator-confirmation-vote%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+African-American+United+States+Cabinet+members" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTankersley2021" class="citation news cs1">Tankersley, Jim (March 2, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/02/us/politics/cecilia-rouse-economic-council.html">"Senate confirms Cecilia Rouse as the first Black chair of White House economic council"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305042444/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/02/us/politics/cecilia-rouse-economic-council.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 5, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 24,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Senate+confirms+Cecilia+Rouse+as+the+first+Black+chair+of+White+House+economic+council.&rft.date=2021-03-02&rft.aulast=Tankersley&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F03%2F02%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fcecilia-rouse-economic-council.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+African-American+United+States+Cabinet+members" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSullivanZaslav2022" class="citation web cs1">Sullivan, Kate; Zaslav, Ali (March 15, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2022/03/15/politics/shalanda-young-confirmed-omb-director-senate-vote/index.html">"Shalanda Young becomes first Black woman to lead White House budget office following Senate confirmation"</a>. <i>CNN</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220318063256/https://edition.cnn.com/2022/03/15/politics/shalanda-young-confirmed-omb-director-senate-vote/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Shalanda+Young+becomes+first+Black+woman+to+lead+White+House+budget+office+following+Senate+confirmation&rft.date=2022-03-15&rft.aulast=Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft.au=Zaslav%2C+Ali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2022%2F03%2F15%2Fpolitics%2Fshalanda-young-confirmed-omb-director-senate-vote%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+African-American+United+States+Cabinet+members" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_African-American_United_States_Cabinet_members&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/cabinet/">The Cabinet</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221110060245/https://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/cabinet/">Archived</a> 2022-11-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> - Provided by the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>. 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="African-American_politics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:African-American_politics" title="Template:African-American politics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:African-American_politics" title="Template talk:African-American politics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:African-American_politics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:African-American politics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="African-American_politics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">African-American politics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Officeholders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="African Americans in the United States Congress">African Americans in the United States Congress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_representatives" title="List of African-American United States representatives">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_senators" title="List of African-American United States senators">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Black_Caucus" title="Congressional Black Caucus">Congressional Black Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Black_Caucus_Foundation" title="Congressional Black Caucus Foundation">Congressional Black Caucus Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_majority-minority_United_States_congressional_districts" title="List of majority-minority United States congressional districts">Majority-minority congressional districts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cabinet members</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State and local</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_statewide_elected_officials" title="List of African-American statewide elected officials">Statewide elected officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_first_African-American_mayors" title="List of first African-American mayors">Mayors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Conference_of_Black_Mayors" title="National Conference of Black Mayors">National Conference of Black Mayors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_U.S._state_firsts" title="List of African-American U.S. state firsts">Statewide and local firsts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_first_African-American_U.S._state_legislators" title="List of first African-American U.S. state legislators">First state legislators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Black_Caucus_of_State_Legislators" title="National Black Caucus of State Legislators">National Black Caucus of State Legislators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_speakers_of_U.S._state_legislatures" title="List of African-American speakers of U.S. state legislatures">Speakers and presidents of state legislatures</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Legislative_Caucuses" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Black_Caucus_of_State_Legislators" title="National Black Caucus of State Legislators">Legislative Caucuses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_Legislative_Black_Caucus" title="California Legislative Black Caucus">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Black_Caucus" title="Delaware Black Caucus">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Legislative_Black_Caucus" title="Georgia Legislative Black Caucus">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Legislative_Black_Caucus" title="Illinois Legislative Black Caucus">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Black_Legislative_Caucus" title="Indiana Black Legislative Caucus">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_African_American_Legislative_Caucus" title="Kansas African American Legislative Caucus">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Black_Caucus_of_Maryland" title="Legislative Black Caucus of Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Legislative_Black_Caucus" title="Missouri Legislative Black Caucus">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Legislative_Black_Caucus" title="Louisiana Legislative Black Caucus">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Legislative_Black_Caucus" title="Ohio Legislative Black Caucus">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Legislative_Black_Caucus" title="Pennsylvania Legislative Black Caucus">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Legislative_Black_Caucus" title="Virginia Legislative Black Caucus">Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_officeholders_in_the_United_States,_1789%E2%80%931866" title="African-American officeholders in the United States, 1789–1866">Officeholders 1789–1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_officeholders_during_and_following_the_Reconstruction_era" title="African-American officeholders during and following the Reconstruction era">1866–1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_officeholders_(1900%E2%80%931959)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of African-American officeholders (1900–1959)">1900–1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_women_in_American_politics" title="Black women in American politics">Black women in American politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_candidates_for_President_of_the_United_States" title="African-American candidates for President of the United States">Candidates for President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_presidential_and_vice_presidential_candidates" title="List of African-American United States presidential and vice presidential candidates">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_Senate_candidates" title="List of African-American United States Senate candidates">Candidates for U.S. Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_nationalism" title="Black nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Power" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Power">Black Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_fist" class="mw-redirect" title="Black fist">Black fist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_anarchism" title="Black anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_capitalism" title="Black capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_conservatism" title="Black conservatism">Conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Black conservatism in the United States">in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_populism" title="Black populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_leftism" title="African-American leftism">Leftism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_feminism" title="Black feminism">Black feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womanism" title="Womanism">Womanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garveyism" title="Garveyism">Garveyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_Republicans" title="List of African-American Republicans">Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mute_R._Kelly" title="Mute R. Kelly">Mute R. Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_statehood_movement" title="District of Columbia statehood movement">District of Columbia statehood movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_self-determination" title="African-American self-determination">African-American self-determination</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="African_Americans" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #d1eaeb;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:African_American_topics" title="Template:African American topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:African_American_topics" title="Template talk:African American topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:African_American_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:African American topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="African_Americans" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African-American_history" title="African-American history">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_African-American_history" title="Timeline of African-American history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">Abolitionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_American_founding_fathers_of_the_United_States" title="African American founding fathers of the United States">African American founding fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrocentrism" title="Afrocentrism">Afrocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Codes_(United_States)" title="Black Codes (United States)">Black Codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_cowboys" title="Black cowboys">Black cowboys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Black genocide">Black genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education" title="Brown v. Board of Education">Brown v. Board of Education</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_of_the_plantation" title="Children of the plantation">Children of the plantation</a></li> <li>Civil Rights Acts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965" title="Voting Rights Act of 1965">Voting Rights Act of 1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1968" title="Civil Rights Act of 1968">1968</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1865%E2%80%931896)" title="Civil rights movement (1865–1896)">Civil rights movement 1865–1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1896%E2%80%931954)" title="Civil rights movement (1896–1954)">Civil right movement 1896–1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">Civil rights movement 1954–1968</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_bus_boycott" title="Montgomery bus boycott">Montgomery bus boycott</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Browder_v._Gayle" title="Browder v. Gayle">Browder v. Gayle</a></i> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sit-in_movement" title="Sit-in movement">Sit-in movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Riders" title="Freedom Riders">Freedom Riders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_campaign" title="Birmingham campaign">Birmingham movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington_for_Jobs_and_Freedom" title="March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom">March on Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Summer" title="Freedom Summer">Freedom Summer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma_to_Montgomery_marches" title="Selma to Montgomery marches">Selma to Montgomery marches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Freedom_Movement" title="Chicago Freedom Movement">Chicago Freedom Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post%E2%80%93civil_rights_era_in_African-American_history" title="Post–civil rights era in African-American history">Post–civil rights era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornerstone_Speech" title="Cornerstone Speech">Cornerstone Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_African_communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on African communities">COVID-19 impact</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dred_Scott_v._Sandford" title="Dred Scott v. Sandford">Dred Scott v. Sandford</a></i> (1857)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Negro" title="Free Negro">Free Negro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_people_of_color" title="Free people of color">Free people of color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Migration_(African_American)" title="Great Migration (African American)">Great Migration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Great_Migration_(African_American)" title="Second Great Migration (African American)">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Great_Migration" title="New Great Migration">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exodusters" title="Exodusters">Exodusters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">Inauguration of Barack Obama 2009</a> / <a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="Second inauguration of Barack Obama">Inauguration of Barack Obama 2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Lynching in the United States">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_African_Americans" title="Military history of African Americans">Military history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Million_Man_March" title="Million Man March">Million Man March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadir_of_American_race_relations" title="Nadir of American race relations">Nadir of American race relations</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Negro_Motorist_Green_Book" title="The Negro Motorist Green Book">The Negro Motorist Green Book</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Partus_sequitur_ventrem" title="Partus sequitur ventrem">Partus sequitur ventrem</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_complexes_in_the_Southern_United_States" title="Plantation complexes in the Southern United States">Plantations</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plessy_v._Ferguson" title="Plessy v. Ferguson">Plessy v. Ferguson</a></i> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Amendments" title="Reconstruction Amendments">Reconstruction Amendments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">Redlining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separate_but_equal" title="Separate but equal">Separate but equal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_Parade" title="Silent Parade">Silent Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">Slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treatment_of_slaves_in_the_United_States" title="Treatment of slaves in the United States">Treatment of slaves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsa_race_massacre" title="Tulsa race massacre">Tulsa race massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_Railroad" title="Underground Railroad">Underground Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_women%27s_suffrage_movement" title="African-American women's suffrage movement">Women's suffrage movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African-American_culture" title="African-American culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrofuturism" title="Afrofuturism">Afrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_art" title="African-American art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_mecca" title="Black mecca">Black mecca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-owned_business" title="Black-owned business">Businesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_dance" title="African-American dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_family_structure" title="African-American family structure">Family structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_film" title="Black film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_folktales" title="African-American folktales">Folktales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_hair" title="African-American hair">Hair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_Renaissance" title="Harlem Renaissance">Harlem Renaissance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Negro" title="New Negro">New Negro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoodoo_(spirituality)" title="Hoodoo (spirituality)">Hoodoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juneteenth" title="Juneteenth">Juneteenth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwanzaa" title="Kwanzaa">Kwanzaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_LGBT_community" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American LGBT community">LGBT community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_literature" title="African-American literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_music" title="African-American music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_musical_theater" title="African-American musical theater">Musical theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_names" title="African-American names">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lift_Every_Voice_and_Sing" title="Lift Every Voice and Sing">Negro National Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_neighborhood" title="African-American neighborhood">Neighborhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_American_newspapers" title="African American newspapers">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_food" title="Soul food">Soul food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_African_Americans" title="Stereotypes of African Americans">Stereotypes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_middle_class" title="African-American middle class">Middle class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_upper_class" title="African-American upper class">Upper class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Notable people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Abernathy" title="Ralph Abernathy">Ralph Abernathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crispus_Attucks" title="Crispus Attucks">Crispus Attucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Baldwin" title="James Baldwin">James Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bevel" title="James Bevel">James Bevel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Bond" title="Julian Bond">Julian Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amelia_Boynton_Robinson" title="Amelia Boynton Robinson">Amelia Boynton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Bradley_(former_slave)" title="James Bradley (former slave)">James Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Moseley_Braun" title="Carol Moseley Braun">Carol Moseley Braun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Brooke" title="Edward Brooke">Edward Brooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_Bruce" title="Blanche Bruce">Blanche Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bunche" title="Ralph Bunche">Ralph Bunche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Carver" title="George Washington Carver">George Washington Carver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudette_Colvin" title="Claudette Colvin">Claudette Colvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Frederick Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._E._B._Du_Bois" title="W. E. B. Du Bois">W. E. B. Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medgar_Evers" title="Medgar Evers">Medgar Evers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Farmer" title="James Farmer">James Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Highland_Garnet" title="Henry Highland Garnet">Henry Highland Garnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Garvey" title="Marcus Garvey">Marcus Garvey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Gray_(attorney)" title="Fred Gray (attorney)">Fred Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Fannie Lou Hamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimi_Hendrix" title="Jimi Hendrix">Jimi Hendrix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jesse Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketanji_Brown_Jackson" title="Ketanji Brown Jackson">Ketanji Brown Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Jacobs" title="Harriet Jacobs">Harriet Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Jordan" title="Barbara Jordan">Barbara Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coretta_Scott_King" title="Coretta Scott King">Coretta Scott King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lafayette" title="Bernard Lafayette">Bernard Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lawson_(activist)" title="James Lawson (activist)">James Lawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_Belly" title="Lead Belly">Huddie Ledbetter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis" title="John Lewis">John Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Lowery" title="Joseph Lowery">Joseph Lowery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X" title="Malcolm X">Malcolm X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Thurgood Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_Morrison" title="Toni Morrison">Toni Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Moses_(activist)" title="Bob Moses (activist)">Bob Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Nash" title="Diane Nash">Diane Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Parks" title="Rosa Parks">Rosa Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Clayton_Powell_Jr." title="Adam Clayton Powell Jr.">Adam Clayton Powell Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Powell" title="Colin Powell">Colin Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Prosser" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabriel Prosser">Gabriel Prosser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Rainey" title="Joseph Rainey">Joseph Rainey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Philip_Randolph" title="A. Philip Randolph">A. Philip Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_R._Revels" title="Hiram R. Revels">Hiram Revels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Robeson" title="Paul Robeson">Paul Robeson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Al Sharpton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Shuttlesworth" title="Fred Shuttlesworth">Fred Shuttlesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Clarence Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till" title="Emmett Till">Emmett Till</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_Truth" title="Sojourner Truth">Sojourner Truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Tubman" title="Harriet Tubman">Harriet Tubman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nat_Turner%27s_slave_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nat Turner's slave rebellion">Nat Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_Vesey" title="Denmark Vesey">Denmark Vesey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._T._Vivian" title="C. T. Vivian">C. T. Vivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Walker_(abolitionist)" title="David Walker (abolitionist)">David Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington" title="Booker T. Washington">Booker T. Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Wilkins" title="Roy Wilkins">Roy Wilkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey" title="Oprah Winfrey">Oprah Winfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Young" title="Andrew Young">Andrew Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Young" title="Whitney Young">Whitney Young</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Education, science<br />and technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_studies" title="Black studies">Black studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Black school">Black schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historically_black_colleges_and_universities" title="Historically black colleges and universities">Historically black colleges and universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_inventors_and_scientists" title="List of African-American inventors and scientists">Inventors and scientists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_focused_on_African_Americans" title="List of museums focused on African Americans">Museums</a></li> <li>Women <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_women_in_computer_science" title="African-American women in computer science">in computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_women_in_medicine" title="List of African-American women in medicine">in medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_women_in_STEM_fields" title="List of African-American women in STEM fields">in STEM fields</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_Black_Americans" title="Religion of Black Americans">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Jews" title="African-American Jews">African-American Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Muslims" title="African-American Muslims">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Muslims" title="American Society of Muslims">American Society of Muslims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_church" title="Black church">Black church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azusa_Street_Revival" title="Azusa Street Revival">Azusa Street Revival</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Hebrew_Israelites" title="Black Hebrew Israelites">Black Hebrew Israelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_theology" title="Black theology">Black theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctrine_of_Father_Divine" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctrine of Father Divine">Doctrine of Father Divine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Political movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_anarchism" title="Black anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back-to-Africa_movement" title="Back-to-Africa movement">Back-to-Africa movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_power" title="Black power">Black power</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_power_movement" title="Black power movement">Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_capitalism" title="Black capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_conservatism" title="Black conservatism">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_leftism" title="African-American leftism">Leftism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">Pan-Africanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_populism" title="Black populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raised_fist" title="Raised fist">Raised fist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_self-determination" title="African-American self-determination">Self-determination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_nationalism" title="Black nationalism">Nationalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_socialism" title="African-American socialism">Socialism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Civic and economic<br />groups</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_the_Study_of_African_American_Life_and_History" title="Association for the Study of African American Life and History">Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_Party" title="Black Panther Party">Black Panther Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Racial_Equality" title="Congress of Racial Equality">Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville_Student_Movement" title="Nashville Student Movement">Nashville Student Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Black_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="National Black Chamber of Commerce">National Black Chamber of Commerce (NBCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Negro_Women" title="National Council of Negro Women">National Council of Negro Women (NCNW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pan-Hellenic_Council" title="National Pan-Hellenic Council">National Pan-Hellenic Council (NPHC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Urban_League" title="National Urban League">National Urban League (NUL)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Christian_Leadership_Conference" title="Southern Christian Leadership Conference">Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_Nonviolent_Coordinating_Committee" title="Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee">Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall_College_Fund" title="Thurgood Marshall College Fund">Thurgood Marshall College Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNCF" title="UNCF">United Negro College Fund (UNCF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Negro_Improvement_Association_and_African_Communities_League" title="Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League">Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Negro_league_baseball" title="Negro league baseball">Negro league baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball_color_line" title="Baseball color line">Baseball color line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_players_in_professional_American_football" title="Black players in professional American football">Black players in professional American football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_black_starting_NFL_quarterbacks" title="List of black starting NFL quarterbacks">Black NFL quarterbacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_players_in_ice_hockey" title="Black players in ice hockey">Black players in ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali" title="Muhammad Ali">Muhammad Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Ashe" title="Arthur Ashe">Arthur Ashe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Johnson_(boxer)" title="Jack Johnson (boxer)">Jack Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Louis" title="Joe Louis">Joe Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Owens" title="Jesse Owens">Jesse Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Robinson" title="Jackie Robinson">Jackie Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serena_Williams" title="Serena Williams">Serena Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Athletic associations<br />and conferences</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intercollegiate_Athletic_Association" title="Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association">Central (CIAA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Eastern_Athletic_Conference" title="Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference">Mid-Eastern (MEAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Intercollegiate_Athletic_Conference" title="Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference">Southern (SIAC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_Athletic_Conference" title="Southwestern Athletic Conference">Southwestern (SWAC)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Ethnic subdivisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>By African descent <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fula_Americans" title="Fula Americans">Fula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullah" title="Gullah">Gullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_Americans" title="Igbo Americans">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_Americans" title="Yoruba Americans">Yoruba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Creole_people" title="Alabama Creole people">Alabama Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Indians_in_the_United_States" title="Black Indians in the United States">Black Indians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Seminoles" title="Black Seminoles">Black Seminoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_freedmen_controversy" title="Cherokee freedmen controversy">Cherokee freedmen controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_freedmen" title="Choctaw freedmen">Choctaw freedmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creek_Freedmen" title="Creek Freedmen">Creek Freedmen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Southerners" title="Black Southerners">Black Southerners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaxican" title="Blaxican">Blaxicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Dismal_Swamp_maroons" title="Great Dismal Swamp maroons">Great Dismal Swamp maroons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_people" title="Louisiana Creole people">Louisiana Creole</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creoles_of_color" title="Creoles of color">of color</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melungeon" title="Melungeon">Melungeon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Demographics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_neighborhood" title="African-American neighborhood">Neighborhoods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_neighborhoods" title="List of African-American neighborhoods">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._cities_with_large_Black_populations" title="List of U.S. cities with large Black populations">U.S. cities with large populations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._communities_with_African-American_majority_populations_in_2000" title="List of U.S. communities with African-American majority populations in 2000">2000 majorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._communities_with_African-American_majority_populations_in_2010" title="List of U.S. communities with African-American majority populations in 2010">2010 majorities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._metropolitan_areas_with_large_African-American_populations" title="List of U.S. metropolitan areas with large African-American populations">Metropolitan areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_African-American_population" title="List of U.S. states and territories by African-American population">States and territories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Seminole_Creole" title="Afro-Seminole Creole">Afro-Seminole Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">American Sign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_American_Sign_Language" title="Black American Sign Language">Black American Sign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_English" title="African-American English">African-American English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Vernacular_English" title="African-American Vernacular English">African-American Vernacular English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_Vernacular_English_and_social_context" title="African-American Vernacular English and social context">social context</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gullah_language" title="Gullah language">Gullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole" title="Louisiana Creole">Louisiana Creole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">By state/city</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Alabama" title="African Americans in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Arkansas" title="African Americans in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_California" title="African Americans in California">California</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Los_Angeles" title="History of African Americans in Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_San_Francisco" title="African Americans in San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Cleveland" class="mw-redirect" title="African Americans in Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Florida" title="African Americans in Florida">Florida</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Jacksonville" title="History of African Americans in Jacksonville">Jacksonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tallahassee,_Florida#Black_history" title="History of Tallahassee, Florida">Tallahassee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Georgia" title="African Americans in Georgia">Georgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Atlanta" title="African Americans in Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Africans_in_Hawaii" title="Africans in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Illinois" title="African Americans in Illinois">Illinois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Chicago" title="History of African Americans in Chicago">Chicago</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="African Americans in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Iowa" class="mw-redirect" title="African Americans in Iowa">Iowa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Davenport,_Iowa" title="African Americans in Davenport, Iowa">Davenport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Kansas" class="mw-redirect" title="History of African Americans in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Kentucky" title="History of African Americans in Kentucky">Kentucky</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_neighborhoods_in_Lexington,_Kentucky" title="African-American neighborhoods in Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Louisiana" title="African Americans in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Maryland" title="African Americans in Maryland">Maryland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Baltimore" title="History of African Americans in Baltimore">Baltimore</a></li></ul></li> <li>Massachusetts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Boston" title="History of African Americans in Boston">Boston</a></li></ul></li> <li>Michigan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Detroit" title="History of African Americans in Detroit">Detroit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Mississippi" title="African Americans in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_American_history_of_Nebraska" class="mw-redirect" title="African American history of Nebraska">Nebraska</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Omaha,_Nebraska" title="African Americans in Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_New_Jersey" title="African Americans in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="African Americans in New York">New York</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_New_York_City" title="African Americans in New York City">New York City</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_North_Carolina" title="African Americans in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Ohio" title="African Americans in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Oklahoma" title="African Americans in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Oregon" title="African Americans in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li>Pennsylvania <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Philadelphia" title="History of African Americans in Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro%E2%80%93Puerto_Ricans" title="Afro–Puerto Ricans">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_South_Carolina" title="African Americans in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_South_Dakota" title="African Americans in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Tennessee" title="African Americans in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Texas" title="History of African Americans in Texas">Texas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Austin" title="History of African Americans in Austin">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Dallas%E2%80%93Fort_Worth" title="History of African Americans in Dallas–Fort Worth">Dallas–Fort Worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Houston" title="History of African Americans in Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_San_Antonio" title="History of African Americans in San Antonio">San Antonio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_African_Americans_in_Utah" title="History of African Americans in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Virginia" title="African Americans in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_West_Virginia" title="African Americans in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African-American_diaspora" title="African-American diaspora">Diaspora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Africa" title="African Americans in Africa">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gambian_Creole_people" title="Gambian Creole people">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Ghana" title="African Americans in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americo-Liberian_people" title="Americo-Liberian people">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Creole_people" title="Sierra Leone Creole people">Sierra Leone</a></li></ul></li> <li>America <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Nova_Scotians" title="Black Nova Scotians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saman%C3%A1_Americans" title="Samaná Americans">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_emigration" title="Haitian emigration">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mascogos" title="Mascogos">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merikins" title="Merikins">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_Israel" title="African Americans in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li>Europe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_France" title="African Americans in France">France</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #d1eaeb;;width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_African_Americans" title="Lists of African Americans">African Americans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_activists" title="List of 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<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_to_African_Americans" title="List of monuments to African Americans">Monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_neighborhoods" title="List of African-American neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_topics_related_to_the_African_diaspora" title="List of topics related to the African diaspora">Topics related to the African diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #d1eaeb;;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_society" title="Category:African-American society">Category</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" 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