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 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <title>中国：铅中毒儿童就医权利被剥夺 | Human Rights Watch</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <script type="text/javascript">var _sf_startpt=(new Date()).getTime()</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120610122055js_/http://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js"></script> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/web/20120610122055im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/all/themes/hrw/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120610122055/http://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/news/2011/06/15"/> <meta name="keywords" content="Asia,blood lead level,China and Tibet,Environmental health,Lead,Lead Poisoning,testing,Children's Rights,Environment,Health"/> <meta name="copyright" content="Human Rights Watch"/> <meta name="description" content="（香港） - 人权观察组织今天发表报告指出，中国工业污染严重的省份里,政府官员限制当地居民进行血铅检测，拒绝公布、假造检测结果，以及不让铅中毒儿童取得治疗。人权观察还表示，寻求有关讯息的家属及记者受到威胁及骚扰。上述行为不但违反中国法律，还导致数十万儿童患上永久性的智力和身体残疾。"/> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20120610122055cs_/http://www.hrw.org/modules/search/search.css?H"/> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20120610122055cs_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css_2689e521afbe68ed03c9a26839c4f251_1.css"/>   <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20120610122055js_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js_6ca5116fbfa161ecda865b98f63b3a0d_0.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> <![CDATA[//><!]]> </script> <meta name="robots" content="noarchive"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Human Rights Watch - News" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120610122055/http://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/rss/news"> </head> <body class="hrw not-front not-logged-in page-node node-type-news one-sidebar sidebar-right i18n-zh-hans node-page 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120610122055/http://twitter.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fzh-hans%2Fnews%2F2011%2F06%2F15&count=horizontal&via=&text=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%EF%BC%9A%E9%93%85%E4%B8%AD%E6%AF%92%E5%84%BF%E7%AB%A5%E5%B0%B1%E5%8C%BB%E6%9D%83%E5%88%A9%E8%A2%AB%E5%89%A5%E5%A4%BA&counturl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fzh-hans%2Fnews%2F2011%2F06%2F15" class="twitter-share-button service-links-twitter-widget" title="Tweet This" rel="nofollow"><span style="display:none;">Tweet Widget</span></a></li> <li class="service-links-facebook-like last"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120610122055/http://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fzh-hans%2Fnews%2F2011%2F06%2F15&layout=button_count&show_faces=false&action=recommend&colorscheme=light&width=150&height=21&font=&locale=" title="I Like it" class="service-links-facebook-like" rel="nofollow"><span style="display:none;">Facebook Like</span></a></li> </ul></div><div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-related-images"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="view view-nodereference-related-images view-id-nodereference_related_images view-display-id-block_2 view-dom-id-1"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field-field-imagefile-fid"> <span class="field-content"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120610122055/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media/images/photographs/2011_China_leadsmelter.jpg" rel="lightbox[field_imagefile][<p>中国陕西省，这个铅冶炼厂附近的两个村子住着731名儿童，他们2009年接受体检，结果显示其中至少615儿童血液铅含量过高。</p>]" class="imagefield imagefield-lightbox2 imagefield-lightbox2-scale-300x imagefield-field_imagefile imagecache imagecache-field_imagefile imagecache-scale-300x imagecache-field_imagefile-scale-300x"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120610122055im_/http://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/sites/default/files/imagecache/scale-300x/media/images/photographs/2011_China_leadsmelter.jpg"/></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-image-caption-value"> <div class="field-content"><p>中国陕西省，这个铅冶炼厂附近的两个村子住着731名儿童，他们2009年接受体检，结果显示其中至少615儿童血液铅含量过高。</p></div> </div> <div class="views-field-field-copyright-value"> <span class="field-content">© 2009 美联社</span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fieldgroup group-news-additional"> <div class="content"><div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-related-content"> <div class="field-label">相关资料: </div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <a href="/web/20120610122055/http://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/node/99451">“My Children Have Been Poisoned”</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fieldgroup group-pullquote"> <div class="content"><div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 目前，血铅含量到了极其严重水准的儿童不但不能获取治疗，还得回到污染村庄里的家。那些敢对铅中毒事件发言的家长、记者及社区活跃人士，不是被拘留，就是受到骚扰，最后都被迫缄默。 </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote-author"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 人权观察组织健康和人权事务部主任约瑟夫·阿蒙（Joseph Amon） </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="node-body"><p>（香港） - 人权观察组织今天发表报告指出，中国工业污染严重的省份里,政府官员限制当地居民进行血铅检测，拒绝公布、假造检测结果，以及不让铅中毒儿童取得治疗。人权观察还表示，寻求有关讯息的家属及记者受到威胁及骚扰。上述行为不但违反中国法律，还导致数十万儿童患上永久性的智力和身体残疾。<br/> <strong><br/> </strong>《<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120610122055/http://www.hrw.org/node/99801">我的孩子中毒了：中国四个省份面临的公共卫生危机</a>》（My Children Have Been Poisoned: A Public Health Crisis in Four Chinese Provinces）报告长达75页，资料来自我们在河南、云南、陕西和湖南省的严重铅污染村子里进行的研究调查。尽管中国政府对污染工厂日益增加规定，以及不定期地执法; 然而报告记载，地方当局仍然不重视一代儿童不断接触到了极其严重水准的铅毒量，健康面临迫切及长期的负面影响。</p> <p>人权观察组织健康和人权事务部主任约瑟夫·阿蒙（Joseph Amon）说："目前，血铅含量到了极其严重水准的儿童不但不能获取治疗，还得回到污染村庄里的家。那些敢对铅中毒事件发言的家长、记者及社区活跃人士，不是被拘留，就是受到骚扰，最后都被迫缄默。"</p> <p>在过去十年里，中国各地传出了不少群众铅中毒事件，以致环境保护部官员更加直言不讳，指令地方官员提高对工厂的监督，强力执行现有的环境法规。环境保护部也表示会对违反环境规定的企业及地方官员追究刑事责任。</p> <p>但是人权观察指出，这些承诺还是无法解决铅中毒带给卫生的危害，也不能让受害儿童实现其健康权。有关当局应当确保污染村庄人口得到迫切及长期需要的医疗，以及清理污染地区。<br/> "在村子严重污染后才对工厂业主及官员追责，是不够的，" 阿蒙说。"中国政府应该提供医疗，并确保儿童不会在短期内再次接触到有毒的铅污染。"</p> <p>这份报告记载地方政府是如何任意实施血铅检测限制；例如只让居住在工厂周围的一小地区的人接受检测。检测结果往往出现矛盾，或是当局经常隐瞒真相，不让受害者及家属知道检测结果。依国家标准，原应接受治疗的铅含量过高的儿童，不是未能获取治疗，就是被吩咐多吃苹果、大蒜、牛奶、鸡蛋等食品。</p> <p>具高毒性的铅污染会损伤身体的神经、生物和认知功能。体内铅含量过高会损伤到脑、肝、肾、神经和胃，导致贫血、昏迷、抽搐，甚至死亡。铅中毒后果尤以儿童为重，高度铅中毒会导致儿童患上永久性的智能和生长问题、其中包括阅读和学习能力障碍、行为问题、失聪、注意力问题，还会影响到视觉和运动功能的发展。</p> <p>报告详述几十名铅中毒儿童家长的经验，他们的孩子均受到严重及长期的铅中毒影响。一位来自云南的母亲说：</p> <p>医生告诉我们，村里所有的孩子都铅中毒，还说他们几个月后都会好起来。可是他们就是不让我们看测试结果。</p> <p>报告引述一位住在陕西省的祖母。她描述了她如何想方设法让孙子得到治疗。她说：</p> <p>政府给了一些大蒜，叫我们给孙子吃多一点大蒜。我们问有没有可以给他治病的药。他们说不给药，因为铅中毒用药是行不通的。</p> <p>近年来，中国政府促进的一些规定旨在遏制广泛的工业污染，以及维护环境和公共卫生。然而，执法不一致，且政府在已严重铅中毒的村庄进行甚少的减少铅污染工作。政府未让村民实现获取医疗权利和居住在健康环境的权利，抵触了中国在《经济、社会及文化权利国际公约》（International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights）《儿童权利公约》（Convention on the Rights of the Child）下的义务。</p> <p>人权观察就应对铅中毒危机提出的几项建议如下。人权观察指出，卫生部应以科学合理的方式，准确推测铅中毒的面积，为地区范围内的所有人免费检测体内铅含量。卫生当局还应为所有省份有困难的铅中毒者，提供一致性的循证药物依赖性治疗和个案管理。环境保护部应立即检测居民区附近工厂的污染程度，修订法律法规以确保危害公共卫生的工厂只能在达到国家排放标准后才得以营运，否则继续保持关闭。人权观察表示，中国政府应贯彻承诺，向触犯环境规定的官员及业主追究责任，进行起诉。</p> <p>阿蒙说："中国政府已开始意识到，大量的毒物环境污染，是根本无法让人接受的环境代价。不幸的是，中国政府的疏忽造成数以万计的儿童得面临悲惨后果，而政府尚未着手应对这个问题。"</p> </div><div class="translation-links"><div class="label">Also available in:</div> <ul class="translation-list"><li class="node_translation_en first"><a href="/web/20120610122055/http://www.hrw.org/news/2011/06/15/china-children-poisoned-lead-and-denied-treatment" title="China: Children Poisoned by Lead and Denied Treatment" class="translation-link">English</a></li> <li class="node_translation_fr"><a 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