CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9133a18c4a711a58',cH: 'o1prZzCnLEy7tcjTfiDAai7dFSoYSmeh60NPok.Falg-1739772801-1.2.1.1-6IdlShxTW9N.VsQg7uFs..FzSOQSoXyofYmaVgDbjFImHDr3bgZJtFRJNEpG_71n',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Berhane%20Tewelday%20Weldhiwot&__cf_chl_tk=YrbprnmafXUcCAu8RJR.hfAfI8CmWWRGpCv3mH.SDDo-1739772801-1.0.1.1-geZDJmb73lWMMyjEMHi1gJ5m8uXITH.Dx1o.wPMzqWM",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739772801',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Berhane%20Tewelday%20Weldhiwot&__cf_chl_f_tk=YrbprnmafXUcCAu8RJR.hfAfI8CmWWRGpCv3mH.SDDo-1739772801-1.0.1.1-geZDJmb73lWMMyjEMHi1gJ5m8uXITH.Dx1o.wPMzqWM",md: "wlBxvQYmU1nxn3zdwiPrRujgzY9gtIvVp1jPN9xW0Lc-1739772801-1.2.1.1-EQbAqEr74n3Mi8PzyvxJRHX_1GPt2ddi5VcST_7DLBxnJBsYYsNviYgJiHn2S5hQOvHc48fOGU3_Jz1qnnHFOVbOqxxmn_hN_qLnYlOkc8rg0PBri1nFCRhMEOOfqfGBMmUo8W5b.WjuxGxz5zhgk6fTcoPhELhH2XjTlxKG4ZDNcxXrHjDzAG9ZojLu2p1wENIS_seLU40mQpxPskDZv37mAugDB3A_7CuXcIuIcQMV_uUwyUJaMkMX5nlq2Vag9PPSb17stVsgI163r.iA94fA6UAoA8GoGWl92VwB1AWPTDskx65X2w_6Zi5F4UW97df6V3kmZlCsal6KCM0nKgtb9zWkBeiTGMZKatT.MAEo_D6mEy8vMX_8TXZDgweNMKQj8NoeriVEQpoyjldox_Gqe3nQoAFW3I94k6ehreRtHH9vgMVVsCQtqktIhadgXIL1RXT.6D2hiFEox0D6sDgUSmVFZRGCUWitRNAjfwx.xuhlBzVnFzxhfWZ43a2mhIiU0Z7ay.smCU7lsNZkdRWO2TiWWM3CZhl.zfSYJeXoU_TpWK0V2xWuJFVSH7R3j1V2vRfbJnS3jGZaYu.KRl_97KkUlgYl2ttcHfIHlMmI_rLL2MuPCh2BV7.EQH_Iu85UurIKM9N1Rb7xOa97zGeluxyL_qqny7RWSIeD0.G0V5hZALN2sOSdfaGtd425QJuW7BM.CpYq.A0ftBkuSBmc62Fk2_GOeO6tODJyXkvyEl9PrOUwiwE6BdsyK0CZNuIb5Gfz923u0uHw_Gqit1vcY2Ge2YMCDLkYA4fber8_Md_UZSHUF1tPlLTVJq4bBKjSKU7eEuCVXFkoGFchX8WHRkh9hN8grZ3UamFsStC2XtvPobmvOMv8umv.P8mw.yQTip1p5a4565Vgb6tkBs1K.7lqhvKZkcIS_6QYCxID7zOM6gPxnnz1ET3x2o9VTeCZWW3GxRTMxcdjIlTBfgApt1OyWQqlO6JcVk5jElG9LyGrA77XUP8AM2sxQ2iuHfsB2PEeVaKZRtNqYj1oQAqZwU1pRgKqf9Zf_kiZkG7rBizyp8QUYTIwyMNlCcSeQesuBYvPRNxQNomVlpeqSEUhT6c_JwlnJI6aIQNnyuUxjiWX.kAbnPMAFRpKYa7vmkRKleKJr_9jkhpotMYHvMXYtexPuq9trWr0gxGstBHmAR6cPteOSIwFolSZQbYlM5RgvdDD7K5H6jviT2gGqd.R3.xfCpPd_mDFyrxw8bVkPF5wTNDkYeDaaizW7AlRjRNx.HkrH_EO0UE_QYUhin9chAvT8dIpLBSiBclre1miwoei_t0mntNu17_shX8wlreeMzmc.VrMA81nlU0Gxlv8ghwAwBdKzIvvVVwAN__c4UMpl5IHL.5q2RtznbMUZKxWy8h5KGLn_buRMaZ6F1WXdcJb2f5YcXCeoB1O7Kpxq9wuENnmR2hJ1xgqyfjWP.UXFcAQ_DsDycXjMoUv66cOkngXa.pOhroG6_iETPPFovIgi0O4MyrBYY6WudAhQyFb25ku3pp..H.LXaoNClzsgiKQfh8o4ZDmHUlWhmbmnck6.R0HqAsIyBLPgO4SCvQ._0eI9zgA_pNbAWjG_W4sOBmRpCt1znSp.VT5ZtZeon8iaEJ8_gQ1q7lN_yFq5IahedLuq2IMBF_ThQdtWah2wwJp7koaQMDmHdIHR1k_0rq_E.c2NjDhBbkS_13woZUB.d2Yn.HU8xnEzQ0DpT15QD.H7.SICoQrqf6QHWpvHybHL3t1sYcCQBcxyAKyk_gSJDdh1ixZd7.mEQi8QBt0TZVazm9x_A92ouGFDnBSX3J93IvjDB817_Y1ssBgKyrT5d32bZfeDMa7N1EN9ckvzJ23sYV8ENwDLsDHVi_iKufuZfLCW7ObMiB46uVQqMBLCpbQnJ419shGmcObh5vzupFmNA6_5xeKmJOEGnbBhz_2xHF8Ou1DbE0j7bCi3YQ5Xuroq8T8EDWqTDXHdA",mdrd: "Lcku59cQN2pZSjnRD8xsXqdk.Oh6oSB.S7CDQHSpeTE-1739772801-1.2.1.1-QtyTbxBiEve9NSh.JHLfmcblURLMshc_axZ2dvxTOLXaMLd16D0.xrXya4AufIFWqkS__tekAyovj6QfSk05O_hfGGR8WFhRNhl7xupN3jPTCBdwgtsvvgaOf8qZ42EZuPdG7Wm8U4Dt4O6Kcel4YZvgp7EOWCpTQdkKdWhWtB.swumPXqCbIumEVPwC65s_tFauJUJeZKenxu8dyhsuyNv454RE5w6Rb_z_peUme87dlS5ZxjvgnQSRlm7MtnN1Aa545SOZ4xC68n1fbnnK0csRP9uSy6_82ptcsn3pQZyzWuF6dLHlaaWeNQuyKUihPVjywcUwYWGvv6SKYKEC5INrDUTp0Blf5sbZIknVE01c7vMp6VU3ZTqVDxRWW6pRxo2z6I13FcuIBzluGmUgK2elI8.ilbtALPTSI31K.u8TPlZ_423UDY3gcdLhFOJHpSMsLqEIwUMtyNnrrNxkHrdqqMvHeT0XEKlLXnHX8W_tGKqVIqTPfxvUXNJ7Pb_rRCYKE5kMfSOzSjhUtJT.l1VyFFl91Fh9pIyxmQTmONTDuDWSkhna4NKgo2Jg1IE0_MLr1aUnjBhVKl54UerBj6JU.cVonkJYsSpt27CZAn.OeByIr3fLxpJVjhia1auSuygW7ccw2e0wOWNzmmEI9IM0JHZhGErSPV4ozS4U3YL9XRzRxg8AL0t0AsRWckfwUNuutDVUYfR2W_mXNIrmc6xH6xGSZ2yUqpEbPupLg3vT.LLLoDB.oZK9_Zpq_PpoWjzX3r1oW7uCTHEFJJYGpziHuy0SfJFxgIKu.6PXwzjOtg05YiSgRKR2.wPO30OMoyhymprPUzchwF0aSCA4bNX_gEkGq6szPQSWEs8UI.p671UZsHD4cokYxlvhDoP3tAFQBee2ZyzQYCgrvG7U3QjzeaP.AAHLMtcQLrDpyMbgO3WJ8T2KieHOXA1268XoXkP9sLD_tsE9YP_msIPpwyRxAexFsRYiUOcPsNONnuUVbLE_LOfWJNoIcz7XJp.bZdAmpxJeNFfyhOdoF7mK0C6AG8rjpNMTZEV95XOrDiGdcY8SsmMMX1mo4IN5NrCZHPRr6bsYOZ3HMfytDmHbtucBsuBAUpCejV1GhZJSvUB3wvkcP4uwSYcqGAfJ15_057oGA6.1.i6g.w6ksaIogKmgiuFj9roDkq5qpxSTccXxq4yFnfe398x2P7DYAesUDW_xhKf80ssksjScKlec3Rxtn1gFc_PoQYXxX5WQ_KmFW6P07ASZflswUlpCMWpd.U0gtldb.miQgM6T1FCXEDhbHnRsyd98mgVhMsjweamKWTPQ.rtgXdnXS2GnTMo133igxXTJ84pkWdCHmc43cYGzRzQE45vutWFnp4R6thinr5EmdjG0c4FGQGn63uSKr_xXEi1s8ts2rcAwTNmU1roW1yUweAYAcilzSSm25VAE_IhOy.Vgu4syhGTPiuDuD5bw.VJV6XnoXzaRw5qdwufJaI0wCPpft3pjynnWmLoHJjP5H9jYlArtp1p2BWtEKKobm00PFSeF0XE01korgi1a7YtBfG9Yh2DYdg0PusYeMudLllU65lb_sWfUdGv3aVXsfujYApasiRvExNEf25lu5wfTi.NmZPxfNIC5sSvfm0rhu2tur74otKGtTC7x_vUJ8E83eilXr7A0CVAgsb_64omVyBLpkxvLZT82THVC_syJ1aoy3AFdCyo7KiGtYMAtUl42js85PP8zN7uNe20dBuhxGZ3xN23CcgyQOYR8ApMsnwWTBw9NDgdkJorpAdh.nW5sAdTmyjN2Q6KShh76bnsF6AiDUeGGNCuvq74qnaGqSsyQryw9kXuncXv1fLICs4DNpzL1bMZF10gvLJ3W3NNrf7GPxYKRFOM4WaEi53hKYPxKeMK3Oq.mfyJ_nxHU7Akboac231mpocn.4cHfMD1oWw_A82.bEW_Nscg"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9133a18c4a711a58';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Berhane%20Tewelday%20Weldhiwot&__cf_chl_rt_tk=YrbprnmafXUcCAu8RJR.hfAfI8CmWWRGpCv3mH.SDDo-1739772801-1.0.1.1-geZDJmb73lWMMyjEMHi1gJ5m8uXITH.Dx1o.wPMzqWM" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>