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Fieldata - Wikipedia

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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">FIELDATA character encoding</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fieldata.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Fieldata.svg/250px-Fieldata.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Fieldata.svg/375px-Fieldata.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Fieldata.svg/500px-Fieldata.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="301" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Military primary (1xxxxxx) code, a representative military supervisory (0xxxxxx) code, UNIVAC graphical code.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Classification</th><td class="infobox-data">7-bit or <a href="/wiki/Six-bit_character_code" title="Six-bit character code">6-bit</a> <a href="/wiki/ISO_Basic_Latin_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO Basic Latin alphabet">basic Latin</a> encoding</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/International_Telegraph_Alphabet_No._2" class="mw-redirect" title="International Telegraph Alphabet No. 2">ITA 2</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/US-ASCII" class="mw-redirect" title="US-ASCII">US-ASCII</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-navbar"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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<p><b>FIELDATA</b> (also written as <b>Fieldata</b>) was a pioneering computer project run by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">US Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Signal_Corps_(United_States_Army)" class="mw-redirect" title="Signal Corps (United States Army)">Signal Corps</a> in the late 1950s that intended to create a single standard (as defined in <i><a href="/wiki/MIL-STD-188" title="MIL-STD-188">MIL-STD-188A/B/C</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMackenzie1980_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMackenzie1980-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MIL-STD-188A_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MIL-STD-188A-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MIL-STD-188B_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MIL-STD-188B-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MIL-STD-188C_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MIL-STD-188C-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>) for collecting and distributing battlefield information. In this respect it could be thought of as a generalization of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">US Air Force</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Semi_Automatic_Ground_Environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi Automatic Ground Environment">SAGE</a> system that was being created at about the same time. </p><p>Unlike SAGE, FIELDATA was intended to be much larger in scope, allowing information to be gathered from any number of sources and forms. Much of the FIELDATA system was the specifications for the format the data would take, leading to a <a href="/wiki/Character_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Character set">character set</a> that would be a huge influence on <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> a few years later.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMackenzie1980_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMackenzie1980-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJennings2020_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJennings2020-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> FIELDATA also specified the message formats and even the electrical standards for connecting FIELDATA-standard machines together. </p><p>Another part of the FIELDATA project was the design and construction of computers at several different scales, from data-input terminals at one end, to theatre-wide data processing centers at the other. Several FIELDATA-standard computers were built during the lifetime of the project, including the transportable <a href="/wiki/MOBIDIC" title="MOBIDIC">MOBIDIC</a> from <a href="/wiki/Sylvania_Electric_Products" title="Sylvania Electric Products">Sylvania</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/BASICPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="BASICPAC">BASICPAC</a> and <a href="/wiki/LOGICPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="LOGICPAC">LOGICPAC</a> from <a href="/wiki/Philco_computers" title="Philco computers">Philco</a>. Another system, <a href="/w/index.php?title=ARTOC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="ARTOC (page does not exist)">ARTOC</a>, was intended to provide graphical output (in the form of <a href="/wiki/Photographic_slide" class="mw-redirect" title="Photographic slide">photographic slides</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> but was never completed. </p><p>Because FIELDATA did not specify codes for interconnection and data transmission control, different systems (like "<i>STANDARD FORM</i>", "<i>COMLOGNET Common language code</i>", "<i>SACCOMNET (465L) Control Code</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-ITT_1968_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITT_1968-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJennings2020_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJennings2020-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>) used different control functions. Intercommunication between them was difficult.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMackenzie1980_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMackenzie1980-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>FIELDATA is the original character set used internally in <a href="/wiki/UNIVAC" title="UNIVAC">UNIVAC</a> computers of the <a href="/wiki/UNIVAC_1100/2200_series" title="UNIVAC 1100/2200 series">1100 series</a>, each six-bit character contained in six sequential bits of the 36-bit word of that computer. The direct successor to the UNIVAC 1100 is the <a href="/wiki/Unisys" title="Unisys">Unisys</a> <a href="/wiki/UNIVAC_1100/2200_series" title="UNIVAC 1100/2200 series">2200 series</a> computers, which used FIELDATA (although <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> is now also common with each character encoded in 1/4 of a word, or 9 bits). Because some of the FIELDATA characters are not represented in ASCII, the Unisys 2200 uses '^', '"' and '_' characters for codes 004<sub><a href="/wiki/Octal" title="Octal">oct</a></sub>, 076<sub>oct</sub> and 077<sub>oct</sub> respectively. </p><p>The FIELDATA project ran from 1956<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Some sources state 1957 rather than 1956. Research the truth. (May 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> until it was stopped during a reorganization in 1962.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="If stopped in 1962, what was the FIELDATA-specific stuff in MIL-STD-188C as of 1969 then? (May 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="FIELDATA_characters"><span class="anchor" id="IDL"></span><span class="anchor" id="CUC"></span><span class="anchor" id="CLC"></span><span class="anchor" id="CHT"></span><span class="anchor" id="CCR"></span><span class="anchor" id="CSP"></span><span class="anchor" id="D0"></span><span class="anchor" id="D1"></span><span class="anchor" id="D2"></span><span class="anchor" id="D3"></span><span class="anchor" id="D4"></span><span class="anchor" id="D5"></span><span class="anchor" id="D6"></span><span class="anchor" id="D7"></span><span class="anchor" id="D8"></span><span class="anchor" id="D9"></span><span class="anchor" id="SCB"></span><span class="anchor" id="SBK"></span><span class="anchor" id="RTT"></span><span class="anchor" id="RTR"></span><span class="anchor" id="NRR"></span><span class="anchor" id="EBE"></span><span class="anchor" id="EBK"></span><span class="anchor" id="EOF"></span><span class="anchor" id="ECB"></span><span class="anchor" id="ACK"></span><span class="anchor" id="RPT"></span><span class="anchor" id="INS"></span><span class="anchor" id="NIS"></span><span class="anchor" id="CWF"></span><span class="anchor" id="SAC"></span><span class="anchor" id="SPC"></span><span class="anchor" id="DEL"></span><span class="anchor" id="MS"></span><span class="anchor" id="UC"></span><span class="anchor" id="LC"></span><span class="anchor" id="SP"></span>FIELDATA characters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fieldata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: FIELDATA characters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fieldata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Tag Bit (1)</th> <th>Indicator Bits (2)</th> <th>Detail Bits (4)</th> <th>Binary Bits (1+6)</th> <th>Decimal</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Octal" title="Octal">Octal</a></th> <th>Glyph</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Comment </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="9">Supervisory code (tag bit 0) </th></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>00</td> <td>0000</td> <td>0:000000</td> <td>0</td> <td>000</td> <td></td> <td>Blank / Idle (IDL)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>00</td> <td>0001</td> <td>0:000001</td> <td>1</td> <td>001</td> <td></td> <td>Control Upper Case (CUC)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>00</td> <td>0010</td> <td>0:000010</td> <td>2</td> <td>002</td> <td></td> <td>Control Lower Case (CLC)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>00</td> <td>0011</td> <td>0:000011</td> <td>3</td> <td>003</td> <td></td> <td>Control Tab (CHT)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>00</td> <td>0100</td> <td>0:000100</td> <td>4</td> <td>004</td> <td></td> <td>Control Carriage Return (CCR)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>00</td> <td>0101</td> <td>0:000101</td> <td>5</td> <td>005</td> <td></td> <td>Control Space (CSP)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>00</td> <td>0110</td> <td>0:000110</td> <td>6</td> <td>006</td> <td>a</td> <td> </td> <td rowspan="26" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; max-width: 10em">The first two rows of the supervisory code are not used in all applications, only where "alphabetic supervisory information" is required.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeubbert1960a196_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeubbert1960a196-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> COMLOGNET omits them, while SACCOMNET includes additional control characters in place of the supervisory letters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJennings2020_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJennings2020-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>00</td> <td>0111</td> <td>0:000111</td> <td>7</td> <td>007</td> <td>b</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>00</td> <td>1000</td> <td>0:001000</td> <td>8</td> <td>010</td> <td>c</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>00</td> <td>1001</td> <td>0:001001</td> <td>9</td> <td>011</td> <td>d</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>00</td> <td>1010</td> <td>0:001010</td> <td>10</td> <td>012</td> <td>e</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>00</td> <td>1011</td> <td>0:001011</td> <td>11</td> <td>013</td> <td>f</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>00</td> <td>1100</td> <td>0:001100</td> <td>12</td> <td>014</td> <td>g</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>00</td> <td>1101</td> <td>0:001101</td> <td>13</td> <td>015</td> <td>h</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>00</td> <td>1110</td> <td>0:001110</td> <td>14</td> <td>016</td> <td>i</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>00</td> <td>1111</td> <td>0:001111</td> <td>15</td> <td>017</td> <td>j</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>01</td> <td>0000</td> <td>0:010000</td> <td>16</td> <td>020</td> <td>k</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>01</td> <td>0001</td> <td>0:010001</td> <td>17</td> <td>021</td> <td>l</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>01</td> <td>0010</td> <td>0:010010</td> <td>18</td> <td>022</td> <td>m</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>01</td> <td>0011</td> <td>0:010011</td> <td>19</td> <td>023</td> <td>n</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>01</td> <td>0100</td> <td>0:010100</td> <td>20</td> <td>024</td> <td>o</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>01</td> <td>0101</td> <td>0:010101</td> <td>21</td> <td>025</td> <td>p</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>01</td> <td>0110</td> <td>0:010110</td> <td>22</td> <td>026</td> <td>q</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>01</td> <td>0111</td> <td>0:010111</td> <td>23</td> <td>027</td> <td>r</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>01</td> <td>1000</td> <td>0:011000</td> <td>24</td> <td>030</td> <td>s</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>01</td> <td>1001</td> <td>0:011001</td> <td>25</td> <td>031</td> <td>t</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>01</td> <td>1010</td> <td>0:011010</td> <td>26</td> <td>032</td> <td>u</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>01</td> <td>1011</td> <td>0:011011</td> <td>27</td> <td>033</td> <td>v</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>01</td> <td>1100</td> <td>0:011100</td> <td>28</td> <td>034</td> <td>w</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>01</td> <td>1101</td> <td>0:011101</td> <td>29</td> <td>035</td> <td>x</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>01</td> <td>1110</td> <td>0:011110</td> <td>30</td> <td>036</td> <td>y</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>01</td> <td>1111</td> <td>0:011111</td> <td>31</td> <td>037</td> <td>z</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>10</td> <td>0000</td> <td>0:100000</td> <td>32</td> <td>040</td> <td>β</td> <td>Dial 0 (D0)</td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align: left;">Graphical in COMLOGNET variant.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJennings2020_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJennings2020-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>10</td> <td>0001</td> <td>0:100001</td> <td>33</td> <td>041</td> <td>#</td> <td>Dial 1 (D1) </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>10</td> <td>0010</td> <td>0:100010</td> <td>34</td> <td>042</td> <td>t</td> <td>Dial 2 (D2) </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>10</td> <td>0011</td> <td>0:100011</td> <td>35</td> <td>043</td> <td></td> <td>Dial 3 (D3)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>10</td> <td>0100</td> <td>0:100100</td> <td>36</td> <td>044</td> <td></td> <td>Dial 4 (D4)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>10</td> <td>0101</td> <td>0:100101</td> <td>37</td> <td>045</td> <td>@</td> <td>Dial 5 (D5)</td> <td rowspan="3" style="text-align: left;">Graphical in COMLOGNET variant. </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>10</td> <td>0110</td> <td>0:100110</td> <td>38</td> <td>046</td> <td>%</td> <td>Dial 6 (D6) </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>10</td> <td>0111</td> <td>0:100111</td> <td>39</td> <td>047</td> <td>¢</td> <td>Dial 7 (D7) </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>10</td> <td>1000</td> <td>0:101000</td> <td>40</td> <td>050</td> <td></td> <td>Dial 8 (D8)</td> <td style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Bell_character" title="Bell character">BEL</a> in COMLOGNET. </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>10</td> <td>1001</td> <td>0:101001</td> <td>41</td> <td>051</td> <td>&amp;</td> <td>Dial 9 (D9)</td> <td rowspan="5" style="text-align: left;">Graphical in COMLOGNET variant. </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>10</td> <td>1010</td> <td>0:101010</td> <td>42</td> <td>052</td> <td>Σ</td> <td>Start of Control Block (SCB, SOC) </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>10</td> <td>1011</td> <td>0:101011</td> <td>43</td> <td>053</td> <td>≠</td> <td>Start of Block (SBK, SOB) </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>10</td> <td>1100</td> <td>0:101100</td> <td>44</td> <td>054</td> <td>≢</td> <td>Spare, SOD </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>10</td> <td>1101</td> <td>0:101101</td> <td>45</td> <td>055</td> <td>°</td> <td>Spare </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>10</td> <td>1110</td> <td>0:101110</td> <td>46</td> <td>056</td> <td></td> <td>Spare</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>10</td> <td>1111</td> <td>0:101111</td> <td>47</td> <td>057</td> <td></td> <td>Spare, Stop</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>11</td> <td>0000</td> <td>0:110000</td> <td>48</td> <td>060</td> <td></td> <td>Ready to Transmit (RTT)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>11</td> <td>0001</td> <td>0:110001</td> <td>49</td> <td>061</td> <td></td> <td>Ready to Receive (RTR)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>11</td> <td>0010</td> <td>0:110010</td> <td>50</td> <td>062</td> <td></td> <td>Not Ready to Receive (NRR)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>11</td> <td>0011</td> <td>0:110011</td> <td>51</td> <td>063</td> <td></td> <td>End of Blockette (EBE, EOBK)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>11</td> <td>0100</td> <td>0:110100</td> <td>52</td> <td>064</td> <td></td> <td>End of Block (EBK, EOB)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>11</td> <td>0101</td> <td>0:110101</td> <td>53</td> <td>065</td> <td></td> <td>End of File (EOF)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>11</td> <td>0110</td> <td>0:110110</td> <td>54</td> <td>066</td> <td></td> <td>End of Control Block (ECB, EOC)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>11</td> <td>0111</td> <td>0:110111</td> <td>55</td> <td>067</td> <td></td> <td>Acknowledge Receipt (ACK, ACR)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>11</td> <td>1000</td> <td>0:111000</td> <td>56</td> <td>070</td> <td></td> <td>Repeat Block (RPT, RBK)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>11</td> <td>1001</td> <td>0:111001</td> <td>57</td> <td>071</td> <td></td> <td>Spare</td> <td rowspan="4" style="text-align: left;">Ordered ISN, NISN, CWF, Spare in some variants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJennings2020_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJennings2020-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>11</td> <td>1010</td> <td>0:111010</td> <td>58</td> <td>072</td> <td></td> <td>Interpret Sign (INS, ISN) </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>11</td> <td>1011</td> <td>0:111011</td> <td>59</td> <td>073</td> <td></td> <td>Non-Interpret Sign (NIS, NISN) </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>11</td> <td>1100</td> <td>0:111100</td> <td>60</td> <td>074</td> <td></td> <td>Control Word Follows (CWF) </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>11</td> <td>1101</td> <td>0:111101</td> <td>61</td> <td>075</td> <td></td> <td>S.A.C. (SAC)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>11</td> <td>1110</td> <td>0:111110</td> <td>62</td> <td>076</td> <td></td> <td>Special Character (SPC)</td> <td style="text-align:left">ASCII <a href="/wiki/Escape_character#ASCII_escape_character" title="Escape character">ESC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJennings2020_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJennings2020-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>11</td> <td>1111</td> <td>0:111111</td> <td>63</td> <td>077</td> <td></td> <td>Delete (DEL)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="9">Primary code (tag bit 1) </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>00</td> <td>0000</td> <td>1:000000</td> <td>64</td> <td>100</td> <td></td> <td>Master Space (MS)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>00</td> <td>0001</td> <td>1:000001</td> <td>65</td> <td>101</td> <td></td> <td>Upper Case (UC)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>00</td> <td>0010</td> <td>1:000010</td> <td>66</td> <td>102</td> <td></td> <td>Lower Case (LC)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>00</td> <td>0011</td> <td>1:000011</td> <td>67</td> <td>103</td> <td></td> <td>Tab (HT)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>00</td> <td>0100</td> <td>1:000100</td> <td>68</td> <td>104</td> <td></td> <td>Carriage Return (CR)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>00</td> <td>0101</td> <td>1:000101</td> <td>69</td> <td>105</td> <td></td> <td>Blank / Space (SP)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>00</td> <td>0110</td> <td>1:000110</td> <td>70</td> <td>106</td> <td>A</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>00</td> <td>0111</td> <td>1:000111</td> <td>71</td> <td>107</td> <td>B</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>00</td> <td>1000</td> <td>1:001000</td> <td>72</td> <td>110</td> <td>C</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>00</td> <td>1001</td> <td>1:001001</td> <td>73</td> <td>111</td> <td>D</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>00</td> <td>1010</td> <td>1:001010</td> <td>74</td> <td>112</td> <td>E</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>00</td> <td>1011</td> <td>1:001011</td> <td>75</td> <td>113</td> <td>F</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>00</td> <td>1100</td> <td>1:001100</td> <td>76</td> <td>114</td> <td>G</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>00</td> <td>1101</td> <td>1:001101</td> <td>77</td> <td>115</td> <td>H</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>00</td> <td>1110</td> <td>1:001110</td> <td>78</td> <td>116</td> <td>I</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>00</td> <td>1111</td> <td>1:001111</td> <td>79</td> <td>117</td> <td>J</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>01</td> <td>0000</td> <td>1:010000</td> <td>80</td> <td>120</td> <td>K</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>01</td> <td>0001</td> <td>1:010001</td> <td>81</td> <td>121</td> <td>L</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>01</td> <td>0010</td> <td>1:010010</td> <td>82</td> <td>122</td> <td>M</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>01</td> <td>0011</td> <td>1:010011</td> <td>83</td> <td>123</td> <td>N</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>01</td> <td>0100</td> <td>1:010100</td> <td>84</td> <td>124</td> <td>O</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>01</td> <td>0101</td> <td>1:010101</td> <td>85</td> <td>125</td> <td>P</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>01</td> <td>0110</td> <td>1:010110</td> <td>86</td> <td>126</td> <td>Q</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>01</td> <td>0111</td> <td>1:010111</td> <td>87</td> <td>127</td> <td>R</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>01</td> <td>1000</td> <td>1:011000</td> <td>88</td> <td>130</td> <td>S</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>01</td> <td>1001</td> <td>1:011001</td> <td>89</td> <td>131</td> <td>T</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>01</td> <td>1010</td> <td>1:011010</td> <td>90</td> <td>132</td> <td>U</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>01</td> <td>1011</td> <td>1:011011</td> <td>91</td> <td>133</td> <td>V</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>01</td> <td>1100</td> <td>1:011100</td> <td>92</td> <td>134</td> <td>W</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>01</td> <td>1101</td> <td>1:011101</td> <td>93</td> <td>135</td> <td>X</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>01</td> <td>1110</td> <td>1:011110</td> <td>94</td> <td>136</td> <td>Y</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>01</td> <td>1111</td> <td>1:011111</td> <td>95</td> <td>137</td> <td>Z</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>10</td> <td>0000</td> <td>1:100000</td> <td>96</td> <td>140</td> <td>)</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>10</td> <td>0001</td> <td>1:100001</td> <td>97</td> <td>141</td> <td>-</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>10</td> <td>0010</td> <td>1:100010</td> <td>98</td> <td>142</td> <td>+</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>10</td> <td>0011</td> <td>1:100011</td> <td>99</td> <td>143</td> <td>&lt;</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>10</td> <td>0100</td> <td>1:100100</td> <td>100</td> <td>144</td> <td>=</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>10</td> <td>0101</td> <td>1:100101</td> <td>101</td> <td>145</td> <td>&gt;</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>10</td> <td>0110</td> <td>1:100110</td> <td>102</td> <td>146</td> <td>_</td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:left">&amp; in UNIVAC. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>10</td> <td>0111</td> <td>1:100111</td> <td>103</td> <td>147</td> <td>$</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>10</td> <td>1000</td> <td>1:101000</td> <td>104</td> <td>150</td> <td>*</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>10</td> <td>1001</td> <td>1:101001</td> <td>105</td> <td>151</td> <td>(</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>10</td> <td>1010</td> <td>1:101010</td> <td>106</td> <td>152</td> <td>"</td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:left">% in UNIVAC. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>10</td> <td>1011</td> <td>1:101011</td> <td>107</td> <td>153</td> <td>:</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>10</td> <td>1100</td> <td>1:101100</td> <td>108</td> <td>154</td> <td>?</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>10</td> <td>1101</td> <td>1:101101</td> <td>109</td> <td>155</td> <td>!</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>10</td> <td>1110</td> <td>1:101110</td> <td>110</td> <td>156</td> <td>,</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>10</td> <td>1111</td> <td>1:101111</td> <td>111</td> <td>157</td> <td></td> <td>Stop (ST)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>11</td> <td>0000</td> <td>1:110000</td> <td>112</td> <td>160</td> <td>0</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>11</td> <td>0001</td> <td>1:110001</td> <td>113</td> <td>161</td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>11</td> <td>0010</td> <td>1:110010</td> <td>114</td> <td>162</td> <td>2</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>11</td> <td>0011</td> <td>1:110011</td> <td>115</td> <td>163</td> <td>3</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>11</td> <td>0100</td> <td>1:110100</td> <td>116</td> <td>164</td> <td>4</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>11</td> <td>0101</td> <td>1:110101</td> <td>117</td> <td>165</td> <td>5</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>11</td> <td>0110</td> <td>1:110110</td> <td>118</td> <td>166</td> <td>6</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>11</td> <td>0111</td> <td>1:110111</td> <td>119</td> <td>167</td> <td>7</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>11</td> <td>1000</td> <td>1:111000</td> <td>120</td> <td>170</td> <td>8</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>11</td> <td>1001</td> <td>1:111001</td> <td>121</td> <td>171</td> <td>9</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>11</td> <td>1010</td> <td>1:111010</td> <td>122</td> <td>172</td> <td>'</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>11</td> <td>1011</td> <td>1:111011</td> <td>123</td> <td>173</td> <td>;</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>11</td> <td>1100</td> <td>1:111100</td> <td>124</td> <td>174</td> <td>/</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>11</td> <td>1101</td> <td>1:111101</td> <td>125</td> <td>175</td> <td>.</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>11</td> <td>1110</td> <td>1:111110</td> <td>126</td> <td>176</td> <td></td> <td>Special Character (SPEC)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>11</td> <td>1111</td> <td>1:111111</td> <td>127</td> <td>177</td> <td></td> <td>Backspace (BS)</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UNIVAC">UNIVAC</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fieldata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: UNIVAC"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The code version used on the UNIVAC was based on the second half (primary code) of the military version with some changes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker1996_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker1996-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Indicator Bits (2)</th> <th>Detail Bits (4)</th> <th>Binary Bits (6)</th> <th>Decimal</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Octal" title="Octal">Octal</a></th> <th>Glyph</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Comments </th></tr> <tr> <td>00</td> <td>0000</td> <td>000000</td> <td>0</td> <td>00</td> <td>@</td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:left;">Sometimes switched with Δ<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker1996_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker1996-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>00</td> <td>0001</td> <td>000001</td> <td>1</td> <td>01</td> <td>[</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>00</td> <td>0010</td> <td>000010</td> <td>2</td> <td>02</td> <td>]</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>00</td> <td>0011</td> <td>000011</td> <td>3</td> <td>03</td> <td>#</td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:left;">Line Feed (LF) on 1107 and 1108<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker1996_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker1996-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>00</td> <td>0100</td> <td>000100</td> <td>4</td> <td>04</td> <td>Δ</td> <td>Delta</td> <td style="text-align:left;">Carriage Return (CR) on 1107 and 1108<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker1996_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker1996-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>00</td> <td>0101</td> <td>000101</td> <td>5</td> <td>05</td> <td></td> <td>Blank / Space (SP)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>00</td> <td>0110</td> <td>000110</td> <td>6</td> <td>06</td> <td>A</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>00</td> <td>0111</td> <td>000111</td> <td>7</td> <td>07</td> <td>B</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>00</td> <td>1000</td> <td>001000</td> <td>8</td> <td>10</td> <td>C</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>00</td> <td>1001</td> <td>001001</td> <td>9</td> <td>11</td> <td>D</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>00</td> <td>1010</td> <td>001010</td> <td>10</td> <td>12</td> <td>E</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>00</td> <td>1011</td> <td>001011</td> <td>11</td> <td>13</td> <td>F</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>00</td> <td>1100</td> <td>001100</td> <td>12</td> <td>14</td> <td>G</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>00</td> <td>1101</td> <td>001101</td> <td>13</td> <td>15</td> <td>H</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>00</td> <td>1110</td> <td>001110</td> <td>14</td> <td>16</td> <td>I</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>00</td> <td>1111</td> <td>001111</td> <td>15</td> <td>17</td> <td>J</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>01</td> <td>0000</td> <td>010000</td> <td>16</td> <td>20</td> <td>K</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>01</td> <td>0001</td> <td>010001</td> <td>17</td> <td>21</td> <td>L</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>01</td> <td>0010</td> <td>010010</td> <td>18</td> <td>22</td> <td>M</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>01</td> <td>0011</td> <td>010011</td> <td>19</td> <td>23</td> <td>N</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>01</td> <td>0100</td> <td>010100</td> <td>20</td> <td>24</td> <td>O</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>01</td> <td>0101</td> <td>010101</td> <td>21</td> <td>25</td> <td>P</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>01</td> <td>0110</td> <td>010110</td> <td>22</td> <td>26</td> <td>Q</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>01</td> <td>0111</td> <td>010111</td> <td>23</td> <td>27</td> <td>R</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>01</td> <td>1000</td> <td>011000</td> <td>24</td> <td>30</td> <td>S</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>01</td> <td>1001</td> <td>011001</td> <td>25</td> <td>31</td> <td>T</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>01</td> <td>1010</td> <td>011010</td> <td>26</td> <td>32</td> <td>U</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>01</td> <td>1011</td> <td>011011</td> <td>27</td> <td>33</td> <td>V</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>01</td> <td>1100</td> <td>011100</td> <td>28</td> <td>34</td> <td>W</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>01</td> <td>1101</td> <td>011101</td> <td>29</td> <td>35</td> <td>X</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>01</td> <td>1110</td> <td>011110</td> <td>30</td> <td>36</td> <td>Y</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>01</td> <td>1111</td> <td>011111</td> <td>31</td> <td>37</td> <td>Z</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>0000</td> <td>100000</td> <td>32</td> <td>40</td> <td>)</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>0001</td> <td>100001</td> <td>33</td> <td>41</td> <td>-</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>0010</td> <td>100010</td> <td>34</td> <td>42</td> <td>+</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>0011</td> <td>100011</td> <td>35</td> <td>43</td> <td>&lt;</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>0100</td> <td>100100</td> <td>36</td> <td>44</td> <td>=</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>0101</td> <td>100101</td> <td>37</td> <td>45</td> <td>&gt;</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>0110</td> <td>100110</td> <td>38</td> <td>46</td> <td>&amp;</td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:left;">Changed from _ in military version. </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>0111</td> <td>100111</td> <td>39</td> <td>47</td> <td>$</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>1000</td> <td>101000</td> <td>40</td> <td>50</td> <td>*</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>1001</td> <td>101001</td> <td>41</td> <td>51</td> <td>(</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>1010</td> <td>101010</td> <td>42</td> <td>52</td> <td>%</td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:left;">Changed from " in military version. </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>1011</td> <td>101011</td> <td>43</td> <td>53</td> <td>:</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>1100</td> <td>101100</td> <td>44</td> <td>54</td> <td>?</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>1101</td> <td>101101</td> <td>45</td> <td>55</td> <td>!</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>1110</td> <td>101110</td> <td>46</td> <td>56</td> <td>,</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>1111</td> <td>101111</td> <td>47</td> <td>57</td> <td>\</td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:left;">Stop sign (🛑︎) on 1107 and 1108<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker1996_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker1996-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>0000</td> <td>110000</td> <td>48</td> <td>60</td> <td>0</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>0001</td> <td>110001</td> <td>49</td> <td>61</td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>0010</td> <td>110010</td> <td>50</td> <td>62</td> <td>2</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>0011</td> <td>110011</td> <td>51</td> <td>63</td> <td>3</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>0100</td> <td>110100</td> <td>52</td> <td>64</td> <td>4</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>0101</td> <td>110101</td> <td>53</td> <td>65</td> <td>5</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>0110</td> <td>110110</td> <td>54</td> <td>66</td> <td>6</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>0111</td> <td>110111</td> <td>55</td> <td>67</td> <td>7</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>1000</td> <td>111000</td> <td>56</td> <td>70</td> <td>8</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>1001</td> <td>111001</td> <td>57</td> <td>71</td> <td>9</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>1010</td> <td>111010</td> <td>58</td> <td>72</td> <td>'</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>1011</td> <td>111011</td> <td>59</td> <td>73</td> <td>;</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>1100</td> <td>111100</td> <td>60</td> <td>74</td> <td>/</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>1101</td> <td>111101</td> <td>61</td> <td>75</td> <td>.</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>1110</td> <td>111110</td> <td>62</td> <td>76</td> <td>⌑</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lozenge_(shape)" title="Lozenge (shape)">Lozenge</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11</td> <td>1111</td> <td>111111</td> <td>63</td> <td>77</td> <td>≠</td> <td>Not Equal</td> <td style="text-align:left;">Idle character (IDLE) on some models<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker1996_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker1996-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Character_map">Character map</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fieldata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Character map"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_version">Military version</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fieldata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Military version"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following table is representative of a reference version of the military set, as described in <a href="#CITEREFLeubbert1960b">Leubbert (1960b)</a>. Various other variants exist, with in some cases dramatic differences in the supervisory code (the first four rows 0–3).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJennings2020_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJennings2020-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The letters in the first two rows are intended for use in "alphabetic supervisory information".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeubbert1960a196_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeubbert1960a196-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable nounderlines nowrap" border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF;font-size:large"> <caption style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:80%;line-height:1.5">FIELDATA (military)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJennings2020_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJennings2020-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeubbert1960b_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeubbert1960b-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small"> <td> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0 </td> <td style="width:20pt">1 </td> <td style="width:20pt">2 </td> <td style="width:20pt">3 </td> <td style="width:20pt">4 </td> <td style="width:20pt">5 </td> <td style="width:20pt">6 </td> <td style="width:20pt">7 </td> <td style="width:20pt">8 </td> <td style="width:20pt">9 </td> <td style="width:20pt">A </td> <td style="width:20pt">B </td> <td style="width:20pt">C </td> <td style="width:20pt">D </td> <td style="width:20pt">E </td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">0x </td> <td title="0 U+0000 NULL" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Null_character" title="Null character">IDL</a></span> </td> <td title="1" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><a href="/wiki/Uppercase" class="mw-redirect" title="Uppercase">CUC</a></span> </td> <td title="2" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><a href="/wiki/Lowercase" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowercase">CLC</a></span> </td> <td title="3 U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><a href="/wiki/Tab_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Tab character">CHT</a></span> </td> <td title="4 U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><a href="/wiki/Newline" title="Newline">CCR</a></span> </td> <td title="5 U+0020 SPACE" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;"><a href="/wiki/Space_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Space character">CSP</a></span> </td> <td title="6 U+0061 LATIN SMALL LETTER A" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">a</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0061</span> </td> <td title="7 U+0062 LATIN SMALL LETTER B" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">b</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0062</span> </td> <td title="8 U+0063 LATIN SMALL LETTER C" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">c</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0063</span> </td> <td title="9 U+0064 LATIN SMALL LETTER D" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">d</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0064</span> </td> <td title="10 U+0065 LATIN SMALL LETTER E" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">e</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0065</span> </td> <td title="11 U+0066 LATIN SMALL LETTER F" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">f</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0066</span> </td> <td title="12 U+0067 LATIN SMALL LETTER G" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">g</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0067</span> </td> <td title="13 U+0068 LATIN SMALL LETTER H" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">h</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0068</span> </td> <td title="14 U+0069 LATIN SMALL LETTER I" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">i</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0069</span> </td> <td title="15 U+006A LATIN SMALL LETTER J" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">j</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">006A</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">1x </td> <td title="16 U+006B LATIN SMALL LETTER K" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">k</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">006B</span> </td> <td title="17 U+006C LATIN SMALL LETTER L" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">l</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">006C</span> </td> <td title="18 U+006D LATIN SMALL LETTER M" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">m</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">006D</span> </td> <td title="19 U+006E LATIN SMALL LETTER N" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">n</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">006E</span> </td> <td title="20 U+006F LATIN SMALL LETTER O" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">o</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">006F</span> </td> <td title="21 U+0070 LATIN SMALL LETTER P" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">p</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0070</span> </td> <td title="22 U+0071 LATIN SMALL LETTER Q" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">q</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0071</span> </td> <td title="23 U+0072 LATIN SMALL LETTER R" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">r</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0072</span> </td> <td title="24 U+0073 LATIN SMALL LETTER S" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">s</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0073</span> </td> <td title="25 U+0074 LATIN SMALL LETTER T" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">t</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0074</span> </td> <td title="26 U+0075 LATIN SMALL LETTER U" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">u</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0075</span> </td> <td title="27 U+0076 LATIN SMALL LETTER V" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">v</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0076</span> </td> <td title="28 U+0077 LATIN SMALL LETTER W" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">w</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0077</span> </td> <td title="29 U+0078 LATIN SMALL LETTER X" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">x</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0078</span> </td> <td title="30 U+0079 LATIN SMALL LETTER Y" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">y</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0079</span> </td> <td title="31 U+007A LATIN SMALL LETTER Z" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">z</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">007A</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">2x </td> <td title="32" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">&#160;D0&#160;</span> </td> <td title="33" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">&#160;D1&#160;</span> </td> <td title="34" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">&#160;D2&#160;</span> </td> <td title="35" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">&#160;D3&#160;</span> </td> <td title="36" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">&#160;D4&#160;</span> </td> <td title="37" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">&#160;D5&#160;</span> </td> <td title="38" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">&#160;D6&#160;</span> </td> <td title="39" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">&#160;D7&#160;</span> </td> <td title="40" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">&#160;D8&#160;</span> </td> <td title="41" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">&#160;D9&#160;</span> </td> <td title="42" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">SCB</span> </td> <td title="43 U+0001 START OF HEADING" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">SBK</span> </td> <td title="44" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="45" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="46" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="47" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">3x </td> <td title="48" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">RTT</span> </td> <td title="49" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">RTR</span> </td> <td title="50" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">NRR</span> </td> <td title="51" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">EBE</span> </td> <td title="52 U+0017 END OF TRANSMISSION BLOCK" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">EBK</span> </td> <td title="53" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">EOF</span> </td> <td title="54" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">ECB</span> </td> <td title="55 U+0006 ACKNOWLEDGE" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">ACK</span> </td> <td title="56 U+0015 NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">RPT</span> </td> <td title="57" style="padding:1px;background:#DDD"> </td> <td title="58" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">&#160;INS</span> </td> <td title="59" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">&#160;NIS</span> </td> <td title="60" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">CWF</span> </td> <td title="61" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">SAC</span> </td> <td title="62 U+001B ESCAPE" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">SPC</span> </td> <td title="63 U+007F DELETE" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">DEL</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">4x </td> <td title="64" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">&#160;MS&#160;</span> </td> <td title="65" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Uppercase" class="mw-redirect" title="Uppercase">UC</a>&#160;</span> </td> <td title="66" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Lowercase" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowercase">LC</a>&#160;</span> </td> <td title="67 U+0009 CHARACTER TABULATION" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Tab_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Tab character">HT</a>&#160;</span> </td> <td title="68 U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN (CR)" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Newline" title="Newline">CR</a>&#160;</span> </td> <td title="69 U+00A0 NON-BREAKING SPACE" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Space_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Space character">SP</a>&#160;</span> </td> <td title="70 U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">A</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0041</span> </td> <td title="71 U+0042 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">B</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0042</span> </td> <td title="72 U+0043 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">C</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0043</span> </td> <td title="73 U+0044 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">D</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0044</span> </td> <td title="74 U+0045 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">E</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0045</span> </td> <td title="75 U+0046 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">F</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0046</span> </td> <td title="76 U+0047 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">G</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0047</span> </td> <td title="77 U+0048 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">H</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0048</span> </td> <td title="78 U+0049 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">I</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0049</span> </td> <td title="79 U+004A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">J</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">004A</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">5x </td> <td title="80 U+004B LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">K</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">004B</span> </td> <td title="81 U+004C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">L</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">004C</span> </td> <td title="82 U+004D LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">M</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">004D</span> </td> <td title="83 U+004E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">N</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">004E</span> </td> <td title="84 U+004F LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">O</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">004F</span> </td> <td title="85 U+0050 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">P</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0050</span> </td> <td title="86 U+0051 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Q</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0051</span> </td> <td title="87 U+0052 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">R</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0052</span> </td> <td title="88 U+0053 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">S</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0053</span> </td> <td title="89 U+0054 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">T</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0054</span> </td> <td title="90 U+0055 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">U</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0055</span> </td> <td title="91 U+0056 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">V</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0056</span> </td> <td title="92 U+0057 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">W</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0057</span> </td> <td title="93 U+0058 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">X</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0058</span> </td> <td title="94 U+0059 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Y</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0059</span> </td> <td title="95 U+005A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Z</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">005A</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">6x </td> <td title="96 U+0029 RIGHT PARENTHESIS" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Bracket" title="Bracket">)</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0029</span> </td> <td title="97 U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/-" class="mw-redirect" title="-">-</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">002D</span> </td> <td title="98 U+002B PLUS SIGN" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Plus_and_minus_signs" title="Plus and minus signs">+</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">002B</span> </td> <td title="99 U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Less-than_sign" title="Less-than sign">&lt;</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">003C</span> </td> <td title="100 U+003D EQUALS SIGN" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Equals_sign" title="Equals sign">=</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">003D</span> </td> <td title="101 U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Greater-than_sign" title="Greater-than sign">&gt;</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">003E</span> </td> <td title="102 U+005F LOW LINE" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Underscore" title="Underscore">_</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">005F</span> </td> <td title="103 U+0024 DOLLAR SIGN" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Dollar_sign" title="Dollar sign">$</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0024</span> </td> <td title="104 U+002A ASTERISK" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Asterisk" title="Asterisk">*</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">002A</span> </td> <td title="105 U+0028 LEFT PARENTHESIS" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Bracket" title="Bracket">(</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0028</span> </td> <td title="106 U+0022 QUOTATION MARK" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Quotation_mark" title="Quotation mark">"</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0022</span> </td> <td title="107 U+003A COLON" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Colon_(punctuation)" title="Colon (punctuation)">:</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">003A</span> </td> <td title="108 U+003F QUESTION MARK" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Question_mark" title="Question mark">?</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">003F</span> </td> <td title="109 U+0021 EXCLAMATION MARK" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Exclamation_mark" title="Exclamation mark">!</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0021</span> </td> <td title="110 U+002C COMMA" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Comma_(punctuation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Comma (punctuation)">,</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">002C</span> </td> <td title="111" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">STOP</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">7x </td> <td title="112 U+0030 DIGIT ZERO" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/0" title="0">0</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0030</span> </td> <td title="113 U+0031 DIGIT ONE" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/1" title="1">1</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0031</span> </td> <td title="114 U+0032 DIGIT TWO" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/2" title="2">2</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0032</span> </td> <td title="115 U+0033 DIGIT THREE" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/3" title="3">3</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0033</span> </td> <td title="116 U+0034 DIGIT FOUR" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/4" title="4">4</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0034</span> </td> <td title="117 U+0035 DIGIT FIVE" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/5" title="5">5</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0035</span> </td> <td title="118 U+0036 DIGIT SIX" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/6" title="6">6</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0036</span> </td> <td title="119 U+0037 DIGIT SEVEN" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/7" title="7">7</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0037</span> </td> <td title="120 U+0038 DIGIT EIGHT" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/8" title="8">8</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0038</span> </td> <td title="121 U+0039 DIGIT NINE" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/9" title="9">9</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0039</span> </td> <td title="122 U+0027 APOSTROPHE" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Apostrophe" title="Apostrophe">'</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0027</span> </td> <td title="123 U+003B SEMICOLON" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Semicolon" title="Semicolon">;</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">003B</span> </td> <td title="124 U+002F SOLIDUS" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Slash_(punctuation)" title="Slash (punctuation)">/</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">002F</span> </td> <td title="125 U+002E FULL STOP" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">.</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">002E</span> </td> <td title="126" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">SPEC</span> </td> <td title="127 U+0008 BACKSPACE" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Backspace_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Backspace character">BS</a>&#160;</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UNIVAC_version">UNIVAC version</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fieldata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: UNIVAC version"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The code version used on the UNIVAC was based on the second half (6-bit primary code) of the military version with some changes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker1996_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker1996-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable nounderlines nowrap" border="1" style="border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center;background:#FFFFFF;font-size:large"> <caption style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:80%;line-height:1.5">FIELDATA (UNIVAC)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker1996_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker1996-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:#F8F8F8;font-size:small"> <td> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0 </td> <td style="width:20pt">1 </td> <td style="width:20pt">2 </td> <td style="width:20pt">3 </td> <td style="width:20pt">4 </td> <td style="width:20pt">5 </td> <td style="width:20pt">6 </td> <td style="width:20pt">7 </td> <td style="width:20pt">8 </td> <td style="width:20pt">9 </td> <td style="width:20pt">A </td> <td style="width:20pt">B </td> <td style="width:20pt">C </td> <td style="width:20pt">D </td> <td style="width:20pt">E </td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">0x </td> <td title="0 U+0040 COMMERCIAL AT" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;background:#FFD"><a href="/wiki/@" class="mw-redirect" title="@">@</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0040</span> </td> <td title="1 U+005B LEFT SQUARE BRACKET" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;background:#FFD"><a href="/wiki/Bracket" title="Bracket">[</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">005B</span> </td> <td title="2 U+005D RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;background:#FFD"><a href="/wiki/Bracket" title="Bracket">&#93;</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">005D</span> </td> <td title="3 U+0023 NUMBER SIGN or U+000A LINE FEED" style="padding:1px;background:#FFD"><a href="/wiki/Number_sign" title="Number sign">#</a>/<small><a href="/wiki/Newline" title="Newline">LF</a></small> </td> <td title="4 U+0394 GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA or U+000D CARRIAGE RETURN" style="padding:1px;background:#FFD"><a href="/wiki/Delta_(letter)" title="Delta (letter)">Δ</a>/<small><a href="/wiki/Newline" title="Newline">CR</a></small> </td> <td title="5 U+0020 SPACE" style="font-size:75%;padding:1px;"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed blue;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Space_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Space character">SP</a>&#160;</span> </td> <td title="6 U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">A</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0041</span> </td> <td title="7 U+0042 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/B" title="B">B</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0042</span> </td> <td title="8 U+0043 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">C</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0043</span> </td> <td title="9 U+0044 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/D" title="D">D</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0044</span> </td> <td title="10 U+0045 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/E" title="E">E</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0045</span> </td> <td title="11 U+0046 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/F" title="F">F</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0046</span> </td> <td title="12 U+0047 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/G" title="G">G</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0047</span> </td> <td title="13 U+0048 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/H" title="H">H</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0048</span> </td> <td title="14 U+0049 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/I" title="I">I</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0049</span> </td> <td title="15 U+004A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/J" title="J">J</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">004A</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">1x </td> <td title="16 U+004B LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/K" title="K">K</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">004B</span> </td> <td title="17 U+004C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/L" title="L">L</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">004C</span> </td> <td title="18 U+004D LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/M" title="M">M</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">004D</span> </td> <td title="19 U+004E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/N" title="N">N</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">004E</span> </td> <td title="20 U+004F LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">O</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">004F</span> </td> <td title="21 U+0050 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/P" title="P">P</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0050</span> </td> <td title="22 U+0051 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Q" title="Q">Q</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0051</span> </td> <td title="23 U+0052 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/R" title="R">R</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0052</span> </td> <td title="24 U+0053 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/S" title="S">S</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0053</span> </td> <td title="25 U+0054 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/T" title="T">T</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0054</span> </td> <td title="26 U+0055 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/U" title="U">U</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0055</span> </td> <td title="27 U+0056 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/V" title="V">V</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0056</span> </td> <td title="28 U+0057 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/W" title="W">W</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0057</span> </td> <td title="29 U+0058 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/X" title="X">X</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0058</span> </td> <td title="30 U+0059 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Y" title="Y">Y</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0059</span> </td> <td title="31 U+005A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Z" title="Z">Z</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">005A</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">2x </td> <td title="32 U+0029 RIGHT PARENTHESIS" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Bracket" title="Bracket">)</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0029</span> </td> <td title="33 U+002D HYPHEN-MINUS" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/-" class="mw-redirect" title="-">-</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">002D</span> </td> <td title="34 U+002B PLUS SIGN" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Plus_and_minus_signs" title="Plus and minus signs">+</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">002B</span> </td> <td title="35 U+003C LESS-THAN SIGN" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Less-than_sign" title="Less-than sign">&lt;</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">003C</span> </td> <td title="36 U+003D EQUALS SIGN" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Equals_sign" title="Equals sign">=</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">003D</span> </td> <td title="37 U+003E GREATER-THAN SIGN" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Greater-than_sign" title="Greater-than sign">&gt;</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">003E</span> </td> <td title="38 U+0026 AMPERSAND" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;background:#FFD"><a href="/wiki/Ampersand" title="Ampersand">&amp;</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0026</span> </td> <td title="39 U+0024 DOLLAR SIGN" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Dollar_sign" title="Dollar sign">$</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0024</span> </td> <td title="40 U+002A ASTERISK" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Asterisk" title="Asterisk">*</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">002A</span> </td> <td title="41 U+0028 LEFT PARENTHESIS" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Bracket" title="Bracket">(</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0028</span> </td> <td title="42 U+0025 PERCENT SIGN" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;background:#FFD"><a href="/wiki/Percent_sign" title="Percent sign">%</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0025</span> </td> <td title="43 U+003A COLON" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Colon_(punctuation)" title="Colon (punctuation)">:</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">003A</span> </td> <td title="44 U+003F QUESTION MARK" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Question_mark" title="Question mark">?</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">003F</span> </td> <td title="45 U+0021 EXCLAMATION MARK" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Exclamation_mark" title="Exclamation mark">!</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0021</span> </td> <td title="46 U+002C COMMA" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Comma_(punctuation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Comma (punctuation)">,</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">002C</span> </td> <td title="47 U+005C REVERSE SOLIDUS/1F6D1" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;background:#FFD"><a href="/wiki/Backslash" title="Backslash">\</a>/<a href="/wiki/%F0%9F%9B%91" class="mw-redirect" title="🛑">🛑&#xfe0e;</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">005C</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F8F8F8;height:2em;font-size:small;height:22pt;line-height:1">3x </td> <td title="48 U+0030 DIGIT ZERO" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/0" title="0">0</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0030</span> </td> <td title="49 U+0031 DIGIT ONE" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/1" title="1">1</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0031</span> </td> <td title="50 U+0032 DIGIT TWO" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/2" title="2">2</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0032</span> </td> <td title="51 U+0033 DIGIT THREE" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/3" title="3">3</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0033</span> </td> <td title="52 U+0034 DIGIT FOUR" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/4" title="4">4</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0034</span> </td> <td title="53 U+0035 DIGIT FIVE" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/5" title="5">5</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0035</span> </td> <td title="54 U+0036 DIGIT SIX" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/6" title="6">6</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0036</span> </td> <td title="55 U+0037 DIGIT SEVEN" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/7" title="7">7</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0037</span> </td> <td title="56 U+0038 DIGIT EIGHT" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/8" title="8">8</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0038</span> </td> <td title="57 U+0039 DIGIT NINE" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/9" title="9">9</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0039</span> </td> <td title="58 U+0027 APOSTROPHE" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Apostrophe" title="Apostrophe">'</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">0027</span> </td> <td title="59 U+003B SEMICOLON" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Semicolon" title="Semicolon">;</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">003B</span> </td> <td title="60 U+002F SOLIDUS" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Slash_(punctuation)" title="Slash (punctuation)">/</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">002F</span> </td> <td title="61 U+002E FULL STOP" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;"><a href="/wiki/Full_stop" title="Full stop">.</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">002E</span> </td> <td title="62 U+2311 SQUARE LOZENGE" style="padding:1px;vertical-align:bottom;line-height:.61;background:#FFD"><a href="/wiki/%E2%8C%91" class="mw-redirect" title="⌑">⌑</a><br /><span style="font-size:50%;color:gray">2311</span> </td> <td title="63 U+2260 NOT EQUAL TO or U+0000 NULL" style="padding:1px;background:#FFD"><a href="/wiki/%E2%89%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="≠">≠</a>/<small><a href="/wiki/Null_character" title="Null character">IDL</a></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fieldata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMackenzie1980-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMackenzie1980_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMackenzie1980_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMackenzie1980_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMackenzie1980">Mackenzie 1980</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MIL-STD-188A-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MIL-STD-188A_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><i>Military Communication System Technical Standard, MIL-STD-188A</i>, 1958-04-25</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Military+Communication+System+Technical+Standard%2C+MIL-STD-188A&amp;rft.date=1958-04-25&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFieldata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MIL-STD-188B-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MIL-STD-188B_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><i>Military Communication System Technical Standard, MIL-STD-188B</i>, 1964-02-24</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Military+Communication+System+Technical+Standard%2C+MIL-STD-188B&amp;rft.date=1964-02-24&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFieldata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MIL-STD-188C-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MIL-STD-188C_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><i>Military Communication System Technical Standard, MIL-STD-188C</i>, 1969-11-24</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Military+Communication+System+Technical+Standard%2C+MIL-STD-188C&amp;rft.date=1969-11-24&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFieldata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJennings2020-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJennings2020_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJennings2020_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJennings2020_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJennings2020_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJennings2020_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJennings2020_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJennings2020_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJennings2020_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJennings2020">Jennings 2020</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKentLancour1971" class="citation book cs1">Kent, Allen; Lancour, Harold (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dvWkHF_6NAgC&amp;q=%22ARTOC%22&amp;pg=PA395"><i>Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science: Volume 5 - Circulation to Coordinate Indexing</i></a>. CRC Press. pp.&#160;395, 398. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780824720056" title="Special:BookSources/9780824720056"><bdi>9780824720056</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Library+and+Information+Science%3A+Volume+5+-+Circulation+to+Coordinate+Indexing&amp;rft.pages=395%2C+398&amp;rft.pub=CRC+Press&amp;rft.date=1971&amp;rft.isbn=9780824720056&amp;rft.aulast=Kent&amp;rft.aufirst=Allen&amp;rft.au=Lancour%2C+Harold&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdvWkHF_6NAgC%26q%3D%2522ARTOC%2522%26pg%3DPA395&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFieldata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sr-ix.com/ARCHIVE/ARTOC/index.html">"Army Tactical Operations Central (ARTOC) information system"</a>. <i>sr-ix.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=sr-ix.com&amp;rft.atitle=Army+Tactical+Operations+Central+%28ARTOC%29+information+system&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsr-ix.com%2FARCHIVE%2FARTOC%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFieldata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA079172">"THE ARTOC"</a>. <i>Man in Command Information Processing Systems--A Research Program</i>. 1963. pp.&#160;1–4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=THE+ARTOC&amp;rft.btitle=Man+in+Command+Information+Processing+Systems--A+Research+Program&amp;rft.pages=1-4&amp;rft.date=1963&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapps.dtic.mil%2Fsti%2Fcitations%2FADA079172&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFieldata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ITT_1968-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ITT_1968_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Telephone_&amp;_Telegraph_Corporation_(ITT)1968" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/International_Telephone_%26_Telegraph_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="International Telephone &amp; Telegraph Corporation">International Telephone &amp; Telegraph Corporation</a> (ITT) (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1N1FAQAAIAAJ"><i>Reference Data for Radio Engineers</i></a> (5&#160;ed.). <a href="/wiki/Howard_W._Sams_and_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Howard W. Sams and Co.">Howard W. Sams and Co.</a> pp.&#160;Appendix. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-672-20678-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-672-20678-8"><bdi>978-0-672-20678-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-05-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Reference+Data+for+Radio+Engineers&amp;rft.pages=Appendix&amp;rft.edition=5&amp;rft.pub=Howard+W.+Sams+and+Co.&amp;rft.date=1968&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-672-20678-8&amp;rft.au=International+Telephone+%26+Telegraph+Corporation+%28ITT%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1N1FAQAAIAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFieldata" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeubbert1960a196-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeubbert1960a196_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeubbert1960a196_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeubbert1960a">Leubbert 1960a</a>, p.&#160;196.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWalker1996-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker1996_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker1996_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker1996_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker1996_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker1996_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker1996_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker1996_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWalker1996_11-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWalker1996">Walker 1996</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeubbert1960b-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeubbert1960b_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeubbert1960b">Leubbert 1960b</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References_and_further_reading">References and further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fieldata&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: References and further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlemingJames2002" class="citation web cs1">Fleming, George; James, Nathan L. (2002-12-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nssdc/formats/UnisysFieldata.htm">"Univac Fieldata Codes"</a>. 1.0. Greenbelt, USA: <a href="/wiki/National_Space_Science_Data_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="National Space Science Data Center">National Space Science Data Center</a> (NSSDC), <a href="/wiki/NASA_Goddard_Space_Flight_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA Goddard Space Flight Center">NASA Goddard Space Flight Center</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160524005614/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nssdc/formats/UnisysFieldata.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-05-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-05-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Univac+Fieldata+Codes&amp;rft.place=Greenbelt%2C+USA&amp;rft.series=1.0&amp;rft.pub=National+Space+Science+Data+Center+%28NSSDC%29%2C+NASA+Goddard+Space+Flight+Center&amp;rft.date=2002-12-17&amp;rft.aulast=Fleming&amp;rft.aufirst=George&amp;rft.au=James%2C+Nathan+L.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fnssdc%2Fformats%2FUnisysFieldata.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFieldata" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaralambous2007" class="citation book cs1">Haralambous, Yannis (September 2007). <i>Fonts &amp; Encodings</i>. Translated by Horne, P. Scott (1st&#160;ed.). Sebastopol, California, USA: <a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_Media,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="O&#39;Reilly Media, Inc.">O'Reilly Media, Inc.</a> p.&#160;29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-596-10242-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-596-10242-5"><bdi>978-0-596-10242-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Fonts+%26+Encodings&amp;rft.place=Sebastopol%2C+California%2C+USA&amp;rft.pages=29&amp;rft.edition=1st&amp;rft.pub=O%27Reilly+Media%2C+Inc.&amp;rft.date=2007-09&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-596-10242-5&amp;rft.aulast=Haralambous&amp;rft.aufirst=Yannis&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFieldata" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJennings2020" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Daniel_Jennings" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Daniel Jennings">Jennings, Thomas Daniel</a> (2020-03-17) [1999]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sr-ix.com/Archive/CharCodeHist/index.html#FIELDATA">"An annotated history of some character codes or ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Infiltration"</a>. <i>Sensitive research (SR-IX)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-03-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Sensitive+research+%28SR-IX%29&amp;rft.atitle=An+annotated+history+of+some+character+codes+or+ASCII%3A+American+Standard+Code+for+Information+Infiltration&amp;rft.date=2020-03-17&amp;rft.aulast=Jennings&amp;rft.aufirst=Thomas+Daniel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sr-ix.com%2FArchive%2FCharCodeHist%2Findex.html%23FIELDATA&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFieldata" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeubbert1960a" class="citation conference cs1 cs1-prop-location-test">Leubbert, William F. (1960a) [1959-12-01/03 (International Workshop on Managing Requirements Knowledge)]. Written at <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Signal_Research_and_Development_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Army Signal Research and Development Laboratory">U.S. Army Signal Research and Development Laboratory</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fort_Monmouth" title="Fort Monmouth">Fort Monmouth</a>, New Jersey, USA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings/afips/1959/5054/00/50540189.pdf"><i>Data Transmission Equipment Concepts for FIELDATA</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 1959 Proceedings of the Western Joint Computer Conference (WJCC). Boston, USA: <a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Information_Processing_Societies" title="American Federation of Information Processing Societies">American Federation of Information Processing Societies</a> (AFIPS). pp.&#160;189–196. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FAFIPS.1959.27">10.1109/AFIPS.1959.27</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160523110402/https://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings/afips/1959/5054/00/50540189.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2016-05-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-05-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=conference&amp;rft.btitle=Data+Transmission+Equipment+Concepts+for+FIELDATA&amp;rft.place=Boston%2C+USA&amp;rft.pages=189-196&amp;rft.pub=American+Federation+of+Information+Processing+Societies+%28AFIPS%29&amp;rft.date=1960&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FAFIPS.1959.27&amp;rft.aulast=Leubbert&amp;rft.aufirst=William+F.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.computer.org%2Fcsdl%2Fproceedings%2Fafips%2F1959%2F5054%2F00%2F50540189.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFieldata" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://worldpowersystems.com/projects/codes/FIELDATA/index.html">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160522022631/http://worldpowersystems.com/projects/codes/FIELDATA/index.html">[2]</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeubbert1960b" class="citation journal cs1">Leubbert, William F. (September 1960b). "Data Processing as a Tool for Generalizing Communications Systems". <i><a href="/wiki/Transactions_of_the_American_Institute_of_Electrical_Engineers,_Part_I:_Communication_and_Electronics" class="mw-redirect" title="Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, Part I: Communication and Electronics">Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, Part I: Communication and Electronics</a></i>. <b>79</b> (4): 431–436. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FTCE.1960.6367290">10.1109/TCE.1960.6367290</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:51649324">51649324</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+American+Institute+of+Electrical+Engineers%2C+Part+I%3A+Communication+and+Electronics&amp;rft.atitle=Data+Processing+as+a+Tool+for+Generalizing+Communications+Systems&amp;rft.volume=79&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=431-436&amp;rft.date=1960-09&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FTCE.1960.6367290&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A51649324%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=Leubbert&amp;rft.aufirst=William+F.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFieldata" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMackenzie1980" class="citation book cs1">Mackenzie, Charles E. (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://textfiles.meulie.net/bitsaved/Books/Mackenzie_CodedCharSets.pdf"><i>Coded Character Sets, History and Development</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. The Systems Programming Series (1&#160;ed.). <a href="/wiki/Addison-Wesley_Publishing_Company,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.">Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Inc.</a> pp.&#160;61, 64, 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-201-14460-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-201-14460-4"><bdi>978-0-201-14460-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/77-90165">77-90165</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160526172151/https://textfiles.meulie.net/bitsaved/Books/Mackenzie_CodedCharSets.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 26, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Coded+Character+Sets%2C+History+and+Development&amp;rft.series=The+Systems+Programming+Series&amp;rft.pages=61%2C+64%2C+86&amp;rft.edition=1&amp;rft.pub=Addison-Wesley+Publishing+Company%2C+Inc.&amp;rft.date=1980&amp;rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F77-90165&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-201-14460-4&amp;rft.aulast=Mackenzie&amp;rft.aufirst=Charles+E.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftextfiles.meulie.net%2Fbitsaved%2FBooks%2FMackenzie_CodedCharSets.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFieldata" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker1996" class="citation web cs1">Walker, John (1996-08-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/univac/fieldata.html">"UNIVAC 1100 Series FIELDATA Code"</a>. <i>UNIVAC Memories</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160522120813/https://www.fourmilab.ch/documents/univac/fieldata.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-05-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-05-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=UNIVAC+Memories&amp;rft.atitle=UNIVAC+1100+Series+FIELDATA+Code&amp;rft.date=1996-08-06&amp;rft.aulast=Walker&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fourmilab.ch%2Fdocuments%2Funivac%2Ffieldata.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFieldata" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Character_encodings" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Character_encodings" title="Template:Character encodings"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Character_encodings" title="Template talk:Character encodings"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Character_encodings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Character encodings"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Character_encodings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">Character encodings</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early telecommunications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telegraph_code" title="Telegraph code">Telegraph code</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooke_and_Wheatstone_telegraph#Codes" title="Cooke and Wheatstone telegraph">Needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morse_code" title="Morse code">Morse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morse_code_for_non-Latin_alphabets" title="Morse code for non-Latin alphabets">Non-Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabun_code" title="Wabun code">Wabun/Kana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_telegraph_code" title="Chinese telegraph code">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Morse_code" title="Russian Morse code">Cyrillic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baudot_code" title="Baudot code">Baudot and Murray</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fieldata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">ISO/IEC 646</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BCD_(character_encoding)" title="BCD (character encoding)">BCDIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletex" title="Teletex">Teletex</a> and <a href="/wiki/Videotex" title="Videotex">Videotex</a>/<a href="/wiki/Teletext" title="Teletext">Teletext</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T.51/ISO/IEC_6937" title="T.51/ISO/IEC 6937">T.51/ISO/IEC 6937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITU_T.61" title="ITU T.61">ITU T.61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Videotex_character_set" title="Videotex character set">ITU T.101</a></li> <li>World System Teletext <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_System_Teletext" title="World System Teletext">background</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext_character_set" title="Teletext character set">sets</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcode_(character_encoding)" title="Transcode (character encoding)">Transcode</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Approved parts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1">-1 (Western Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-2" title="ISO/IEC 8859-2">-2 (Central Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-3" title="ISO/IEC 8859-3">-3 (Maltese/Esperanto)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-4" title="ISO/IEC 8859-4">-4 (North Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-5" title="ISO/IEC 8859-5">-5 (Cyrillic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-6" title="ISO/IEC 8859-6">-6 (Arabic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-7" title="ISO/IEC 8859-7">-7 (Greek)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-8" title="ISO/IEC 8859-8">-8 (Hebrew)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-9" title="ISO/IEC 8859-9">-9 (Turkish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-10" title="ISO/IEC 8859-10">-10 (Nordic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-11" title="ISO/IEC 8859-11">-11 (Thai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-13" title="ISO/IEC 8859-13">-13 (Baltic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-14" title="ISO/IEC 8859-14">-14 (Celtic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-15" title="ISO/IEC 8859-15">-15 (New Western Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-16" title="ISO/IEC 8859-16">-16 (Romanian)</a></li></ul></li> <li>Abandoned parts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-12" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 8859-12">-12 (Devanagari)</a></li></ul></li> <li>Proposed but not&#160;approved <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-111" title="ISO-IR-111">KOI-8 Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-197" title="ISO-IR-197">Sámi</a></li></ul></li> <li>Adaptations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-182" title="ISO-IR-182">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-200" title="ISO-IR-200">Barents Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_922" title="Code page 922">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1124" title="Code page 1124">Ukrainian Cyrillic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bibliographic use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MARC-8" title="MARC-8">MARC-8</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANSEL" title="ANSEL">ANSEL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Character_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Chinese Character Code for Information Interchange">CCCII/EACC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5426" title="ISO 5426">ISO 5426</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5426" title="ISO 5426">5426-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5427" title="ISO 5427">5427</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5428" title="ISO 5428">5428</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6438" title="ISO 6438">6438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6862" title="ISO 6862">6862</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArmSCII" title="ArmSCII">ArmSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big5" title="Big5">Big5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BraSCII" title="BraSCII">BraSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNS_11643" title="CNS 11643">CNS 11643</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_66003" title="DIN 66003">DIN 66003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELOT_927" title="ELOT 927">ELOT 927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOST_10859" title="GOST 10859">GOST 10859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_2312" title="GB 2312">GB 2312</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_12345" title="GB 12345">GB 12345</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_12052" title="GB 12052">GB 12052</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030">GB 18030</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Supplementary_Character_Set" title="Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set">HKSCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Script_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Indian Script Code for Information Interchange">ISCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0201" title="JIS X 0201">JIS X 0201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0208" title="JIS X 0208">JIS X 0208</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0212" title="JIS X 0212">JIS X 0212</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0213" title="JIS X 0213">JIS X 0213</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI-7" title="KOI-7">KOI-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KPS_9566" title="KPS 9566">KPS 9566</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KS_X_1001" title="KS X 1001">KS X 1001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KS_X_1002" title="KS X 1002">KS X 1002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LST_1564" title="LST 1564">LST 1564</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LST_1590-4" title="LST 1590-4">LST 1590-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perso-Arabic_Script_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Perso-Arabic Script Code for Information Interchange">PASCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shift_JIS" title="Shift JIS">Shift JIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SI_960" title="SI 960">SI 960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_Industrial_Standard_620-2533" title="Thai Industrial Standard 620-2533">TIS-620</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Script_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Tamil Script Code for Information Interchange">TSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VISCII" title="VISCII">VISCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VSCII" title="VSCII">VSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YUSCII" title="YUSCII">YUSCII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">ISO/IEC 2022</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">ISO/IEC 8859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10367" title="ISO/IEC 10367">ISO/IEC 10367</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code" title="Extended Unix Code">Extended Unix Code / EUC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mac OS <a href="/wiki/Code_page" title="Code page">Code pages</a><br />("scripts")</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Armenian" title="Mac OS Armenian">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacArabic_encoding" title="MacArabic encoding">Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Barents_Cyrillic" title="Mac OS Barents Cyrillic">Barents Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Celtic" title="Mac OS Celtic">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Central_European_encoding" title="Mac OS Central European encoding">Central European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Croatian_encoding" title="Mac OS Croatian encoding">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Cyrillic_encoding" title="Mac OS Cyrillic encoding">Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Devanagari_encoding" title="Mac OS Devanagari encoding">Devanagari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacFarsi_encoding" title="MacFarsi encoding">Farsi (Persian)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Font_X_encoding" title="Macintosh Font X encoding">Font X (Kermit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Gaelic" title="Mac OS Gaelic">Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Georgian" title="Mac OS Georgian">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacGreek_encoding" title="MacGreek encoding">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Gujarati" title="Mac OS Gujarati">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Gurmukhi" title="Mac OS Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Hebrew" title="Mac OS Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Icelandic_encoding" title="Mac OS Icelandic encoding">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Inuit" title="Mac OS Inuit">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Keyboard_encoding" title="Mac OS Keyboard encoding">Keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Latin_encoding" title="Macintosh Latin encoding">Latin (Kermit)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Maltese/Esperanto_encoding" title="Mac OS Maltese/Esperanto encoding">Maltese/Esperanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Ogham" title="Mac OS Ogham">Ogham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Roman" title="Mac OS Roman">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Romanian_encoding" title="Mac OS Romanian encoding">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_S%C3%A1mi" title="Mac OS Sámi">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Turkish_encoding" title="Mac OS Turkish encoding">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Turkic_Cyrillic" title="Mac OS Turkic Cyrillic">Turkic Cyrillic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_Ukrainian_encoding" title="Mac OS Ukrainian encoding">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VT100_encoding" title="VT100 encoding">VT100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">DOS code pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_437" title="Code page 437">437</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_668" title="Code page 668">668</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_708" title="Code page 708">708</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_720" title="Code page 720">720</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_737" title="Code page 737">737</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_770" title="Code page 770">770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_773" title="Code page 773">773</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_775" title="Code page 775">775</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_776" title="Code page 776">776</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_777" title="Code page 777">777</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_778" title="Code page 778">778</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_850" title="Code page 850">850</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_851" title="Code page 851">851</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_852" title="Code page 852">852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_853" title="Code page 853">853</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_855" title="Code page 855">855</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_856" title="Code page 856">856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_857" title="Code page 857">857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_858" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 858">858</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_859" title="Code page 859">859</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_860" title="Code page 860">860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_861" title="Code page 861">861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_862" title="Code page 862">862</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_863" title="Code page 863">863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_864" title="Code page 864">864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_865" title="Code page 865">865</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_866" title="Code page 866">866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_867" title="Code page 867">867</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_868" title="Code page 868">868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_869" title="Code page 869">869</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_897" title="Code page 897">897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_899" title="Code page 899">899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_903" title="Code page 903">903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_904" title="Code page 904">904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_932_(IBM)" title="Code page 932 (IBM)">932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_936_(IBM)" title="Code page 936 (IBM)">936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_942" title="Code page 942">942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_949_(IBM)" title="Code page 949 (IBM)">949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_950" title="Code page 950">950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_951" title="Code page 951">951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1034" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1034">1034</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1040" title="Code page 1040">1040</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1042" title="Code page 1042">1042</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1043" title="Code page 1043">1043</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1044" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1044">1044</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1098" title="Code page 1098">1098</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1115" title="Code page 1115">1115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1116" title="Code page 1116">1116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1117" title="Code page 1117">1117</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1118" title="Code page 1118">1118</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1127" title="Code page 1127">1127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_3846" title="Code page 3846">3846</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABICOMP_character_set" title="ABICOMP character set">ABICOMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CS_Indic_character_set" title="CS Indic character set">CS Indic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSX_Indic_character_set" title="CSX Indic character set">CSX Indic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSX%2B_Indic_character_set" title="CSX+ Indic character set">CSX+ Indic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CWI-2" title="CWI-2">CWI-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran_System_encoding" title="Iran System encoding">Iran System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamenick%C3%BD_encoding" title="Kamenický encoding">Kamenický</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazovia_encoding" title="Mazovia encoding">Mazovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIK_(character_set)" title="MIK (character set)">MIK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/IBM_AIX" title="IBM AIX">IBM AIX code pages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_895" title="Code page 895">895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_896" title="Code page 896">896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_912" title="Code page 912">912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_915" title="Code page 915">915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_921" title="Code page 921">921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_922" title="Code page 922">922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1006" title="Code page 1006">1006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1008" title="Code page 1008">1008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1009" title="Code page 1009">1009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1010" title="Code page 1010">1010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1012" title="Code page 1012">1012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1013" title="Code page 1013">1013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1014" title="Code page 1014">1014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1015" title="Code page 1015">1015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1016" title="Code page 1016">1016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1017" title="Code page 1017">1017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1018" title="Code page 1018">1018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1019" title="Code page 1019">1019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1046" title="Code page 1046">1046</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1124" title="Code page 1124">1124</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1133" title="Code page 1133">1133</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Windows_code_page" title="Windows code page">Windows code pages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CER-GS" title="CER-GS">CER-GS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_932_(Microsoft_Windows)" title="Code page 932 (Microsoft Windows)">932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_936_(Microsoft_Windows)" title="Code page 936 (Microsoft Windows)">936</a> (<a href="/wiki/GBK_(character_encoding)" title="GBK (character encoding)">GBK</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_950" title="Code page 950">950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1169" title="Code page 1169">1169</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Latin-8" title="Extended Latin-8">Extended Latin-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1250" title="Windows-1250">1250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1251" title="Windows-1251">1251</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1252" title="Windows-1252">1252</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1253" title="Windows-1253">1253</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1254" title="Windows-1254">1254</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1255" title="Windows-1255">1255</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1256" title="Windows-1256">1256</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1257" title="Windows-1257">1257</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1258" title="Windows-1258">1258</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows-1270" title="Windows-1270">1270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Cyrillic_%2B_Finnish" title="Windows Cyrillic + Finnish">Cyrillic + Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Cyrillic_%2B_French" title="Windows Cyrillic + French">Cyrillic + French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Cyrillic_%2B_German" title="Windows Cyrillic + German">Cyrillic + German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Polytonic_Greek" title="Windows Polytonic Greek">Polytonic Greek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/EBCDIC" title="EBCDIC">EBCDIC</a> code pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language_in_EBCDIC" title="Japanese language in EBCDIC">Japanese language in EBCDIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DKOI" title="DKOI">DKOI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">DEC</a> terminals (<a href="/wiki/VT220" title="VT220">VTx</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multinational_Character_Set" title="Multinational Character Set">Multinational (MCS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Replacement_Character_Set" title="National Replacement Character Set">National Replacement (NRCS)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1020" title="Code page 1020">French Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1021" title="Code page 1021">Swiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1023" title="Code page 1023">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1101" title="Code page 1101">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1102" title="Code page 1102">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1103" title="Code page 1103">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1104" title="Code page 1104">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1105" title="Code page 1105">Norwegian and Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1106" title="Code page 1106">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1107" title="Code page 1107">Norwegian and Danish (alternative)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1287" title="Code page 1287">8-bit Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1288" title="Code page 1288">8-bit Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SI_960" title="SI 960">SI 960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_Hebrew" title="DEC Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_Special_Graphics" title="DEC Special Graphics">Special Graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_Technical_Character_Set" title="DEC Technical Character Set">Technical (TCS)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Platform specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1052" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1052">1052</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1053" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1053">1053</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1054" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1054">1054</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1055" class="mw-redirect" title="Code page 1055">1055</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Code_page_1056&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Code page 1056 (page does not exist)">1056</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1057" title="Code page 1057">1057</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_page_1058" title="Code page 1058">1058</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RISC_OS_character_set" title="RISC OS character set">Acorn RISC OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amstrad_CPC_character_set" title="Amstrad CPC character set">Amstrad CPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_character_set" title="Apple II character set">Apple II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATASCII" title="ATASCII">ATASCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_ST_character_set" title="Atari ST character set">Atari ST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitstream_International_Character_Set" title="Bitstream International Character Set">BICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casio_calculator_character_sets" title="Casio calculator character sets">Casio calculators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CDC_display_code" title="CDC display code">CDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intecolor/Compucolor_8001_character_set" class="mw-redirect" title="Intecolor/Compucolor 8001 character set">Compucolor 8001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compucolor_II_character_set" title="Compucolor II character set">Compucolor II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amstrad_CP/M_Plus_character_set" title="Amstrad CP/M Plus character set">CP/M+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DEC_RADIX_50" title="DEC RADIX 50">DEC RADIX 50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multinational_Character_Set" title="Multinational Character Set">DEC MCS</a>/<a href="/wiki/National_Replacement_Character_Set" title="National Replacement Character Set">NRCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DG_International" title="DG International">DG International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaksija_(computer)#Character_ROM" title="Galaksija (computer)">Galaksija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEM_character_set" title="GEM character set">GEM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSM_03.38" title="GSM 03.38">GSM 03.38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP_Roman" title="HP Roman">HP Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FOCAL_character_set" title="FOCAL character set">HP FOCAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RPL_character_set" title="RPL character set">HP RPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQUOZE#Identifier_name_character_encoding" title="SQUOZE">SQUOZE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_International_Character_Set" title="Lotus International Character Set">LICS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_Multi-Byte_Character_Set" title="Lotus Multi-Byte Character Set">LMBCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSX_character_set" title="MSX character set">MSX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEC_APC_character_set" title="NEC APC character set">NEC APC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NeXT_character_set" title="NeXT character set">NeXT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PETSCII" title="PETSCII">PETSCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostScript_Standard_Encoding" title="PostScript Standard Encoding">PostScript Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PostScript_Latin_1_Encoding" title="PostScript Latin 1 Encoding">PostScript Latin 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAM_Coup%C3%A9_character_set" class="mw-redirect" title="SAM Coupé character set">SAM Coupé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_SC-3000_character_set" title="Sega SC-3000 character set">Sega SC-3000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_pocket_computer_character_sets" title="Sharp pocket computer character sets">Sharp calculators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_MZ_character_set" title="Sharp MZ character set">Sharp MZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_QL_character_set" title="Sinclair QL character set">Sinclair QL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teletext_character_set" title="Teletext character set">Teletext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TI_calculator_character_sets" title="TI calculator character sets">TI calculators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRS-80_character_set" title="TRS-80 character set">TRS-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventura_International" title="Ventura International">Ventura International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_International_Standard_Code_for_Information_Interchange" title="Wang International Standard Code for Information Interchange">WISCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xerox_Character_Code_Standard" title="Xerox Character Code Standard">XCCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZX80_character_set" title="ZX80 character set">ZX80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZX81_character_set" title="ZX81 character set">ZX81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZX_Spectrum_character_set" title="ZX Spectrum character set">ZX Spectrum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>&#160;/ <a href="/wiki/Universal_Coded_Character_Set" title="Universal Coded Character Set">ISO/IEC 10646</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UTF-1" title="UTF-1">UTF-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-7" title="UTF-7">UTF-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-16" title="UTF-16">UTF-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-32" title="UTF-32">UTF-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTF-EBCDIC" title="UTF-EBCDIC">UTF-EBCDIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GB_18030" title="GB 18030">GB 18030</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_91379" title="DIN 91379">DIN 91379</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binary_Ordered_Compression_for_Unicode" title="Binary Ordered Compression for Unicode">BOCU-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CESU-8" title="CESU-8">CESU-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Compression_Scheme_for_Unicode" title="Standard Compression Scheme for Unicode">SCSU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_All_Character_Encoding" title="Tamil All Character Encoding">TACE16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_Unicode_encodings" title="Comparison of Unicode encodings">Comparison of Unicode encodings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a> typesetting system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cork_encoding" title="Cork encoding">Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LY1_encoding" title="LY1 encoding">LY1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OML_encoding" title="OML encoding">OML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMS_encoding" title="OMS encoding">OMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OT1_encoding" title="OT1 encoding">OT1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous code pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABICOMP_character_set" title="ABICOMP character set">ABICOMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASMO_449" title="ASMO 449">ASMO 449</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_encoding_of_APL_symbols" title="Digital encoding of APL symbols">Digital encoding of APL symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-68" title="ISO-IR-68">ISO-IR-68</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARIB_STD_B24_character_set" title="ARIB STD B24 character set">ARIB STD-B24</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fieldata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HZ_(character_encoding)" title="HZ (character encoding)">HZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEC-P27-1" title="IEC-P27-1">IEC-P27-1</a></li> <li>INIS <ul><li><a href="/wiki/INIS_character_set" title="INIS character set">7-bit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INIS-8" title="INIS-8">8-bit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-IR-169" title="ISO-IR-169">ISO-IR-169</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2033" title="ISO 2033">ISO 2033</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI_character_encodings" title="KOI character encodings">KOI</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/KOI8-R" title="KOI8-R">KOI8-R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI8-RU" title="KOI8-RU">KOI8-RU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KOI8-U" title="KOI8-U">KOI8-U</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mojiky%C5%8D" title="Mojikyō">Mojikyō</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Extended_ASCII" title="Stanford Extended ASCII">SEASCII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford/ITS_character_set" title="Stanford/ITS character set">Stanford/ITS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbol_(typeface)" title="Symbol (typeface)">Symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRON_(encoding)" title="TRON (encoding)">TRON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Hangul_Code" title="Unified Hangul Code">Unified Hangul Code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_character" title="Control character">Control character</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prosigns_for_Morse_code" title="Prosigns for Morse code">Morse prosigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C0_and_C1_control_codes" title="C0 and C1 control codes">C0 and C1 control codes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" title="ANSI escape code">ISO/IEC 6429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JIS_X_0211" title="JIS X 0211">JIS X 0211</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_control_characters" title="Unicode control characters">Unicode control, format and separator characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitespace_character" title="Whitespace character">Whitespace characters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CCSID" title="CCSID">CCSID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_encodings_in_HTML" title="Character encodings in HTML">Character encodings in HTML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charset_detection" title="Charset detection">Charset detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_unification" title="Han unification">Han unification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardware_code_page" title="Hardware code page">Hardware code page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_ink_character_recognition" title="Magnetic ink character recognition">MICR code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojibake" title="Mojibake">Mojibake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable-width_encoding" title="Variable-width encoding">Variable-length encoding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Character_sets" title="Category:Character sets">Character sets</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by 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