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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Saint_Petersburg_premiere" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saint_Petersburg_premiere"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Saint Petersburg premiere</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saint_Petersburg_premiere-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subsequent_productions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subsequent_productions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Subsequent productions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subsequent_productions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Roles</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Roles-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Roles subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Roles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Act_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Act_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Act I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Act_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Act_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Act_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Act II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Act_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Plot</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Plot-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Plot subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Plot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Act_I_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Act_I_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Act I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Act_I_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Act_II_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Act_II_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Act II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Act_II_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musical_sources_and_influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_sources_and_influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Musical sources and influences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musical_sources_and_influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Instrumentation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Instrumentation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Instrumentation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Instrumentation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musical_scenes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_scenes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Musical scenes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Musical_scenes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Musical scenes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Musical_scenes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-From_the_Imperial_Ballet's_1892_program" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_the_Imperial_Ballet's_1892_program"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>From the Imperial Ballet's 1892 program</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_the_Imperial_Ballet's_1892_program-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concert_excerpts_and_arrangements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concert_excerpts_and_arrangements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Concert excerpts and arrangements</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Concert_excerpts_and_arrangements-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Concert excerpts and arrangements subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Concert_excerpts_and_arrangements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tchaikovsky:_The_Nutcracker_Suite,_Op._71a" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tchaikovsky:_The_Nutcracker_Suite,_Op._71a"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Tchaikovsky: The Nutcracker Suite, Op. 71a</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tchaikovsky:_The_Nutcracker_Suite,_Op._71a-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grainger:_Paraphrase_on_Tchaikovsky's_Flower_Waltz,_for_solo_piano" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grainger:_Paraphrase_on_Tchaikovsky's_Flower_Waltz,_for_solo_piano"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Grainger: <i>Paraphrase on Tchaikovsky's Flower Waltz</i>, for solo piano</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grainger:_Paraphrase_on_Tchaikovsky's_Flower_Waltz,_for_solo_piano-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pletnev:_Concert_suite_from_The_Nutcracker,_for_solo_piano" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pletnev:_Concert_suite_from_The_Nutcracker,_for_solo_piano"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Pletnev: Concert suite from <i>The Nutcracker</i>, for solo piano</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pletnev:_Concert_suite_from_The_Nutcracker,_for_solo_piano-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_arrangements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_arrangements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Contemporary arrangements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_arrangements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_discography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_discography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Selected discography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selected_discography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnic_stereotypes_and_cultural_misattribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_stereotypes_and_cultural_misattribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Ethnic stereotypes and cultural misattribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_stereotypes_and_cultural_misattribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In popular culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Children's_recordings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Children's_recordings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Children's recordings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Children's_recordings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Journalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.5</span> <span>Popular music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Video_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.6</span> <span>Video games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>The Nutcracker</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%82" title="كسارة البندق – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كسارة البندق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe_Ta%27%E1%BB%B9inguepire%27oha" title="Pe Ta'ỹinguepire'oha – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Pe Ta'ỹinguepire'oha" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eelkun%C3%A7ik_(balet)" title="Şelkunçik (balet) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şelkunçik (balet)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B4%CD%98-th%C3%B4-kh%C3%AE%E2%81%BF" title="Hô͘-thô-khîⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hô͘-thô-khîⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Шчаўкунок – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шчаўкунок" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Лешникотрошачката – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лешникотрошачката" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Trencanous" title="El Trencanous – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="El Trencanous" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lousk%C3%A1%C4%8Dek_(balet)" title="Louskáček (balet) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Louskáček (balet)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B8ddekn%C3%A6kkeren" title="Nøddeknækkeren – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nøddeknækkeren" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Nussknacker" title="Der Nussknacker – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Der Nussknacker" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4hklipureja" title="Pähklipureja – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pähklipureja" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%85%CE%BF%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%8D%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82" title="Ο Καρυοθραύστης – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ο Καρυοθραύστης" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_cascanueces" title="El cascanueces – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="El cascanueces" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Nuksrompilo" title="La Nuksrompilo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="La Nuksrompilo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intxaur-hauskailua_(balleta)" title="Intxaur-hauskailua (balleta) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Intxaur-hauskailua (balleta)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%82%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%86_(%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87)" title="فندق‌شکن (باله) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فندق‌شکن (باله)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casse-Noisette" title="Casse-Noisette – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Casse-Noisette" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shchelkunchik" title="Shchelkunchik – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Shchelkunchik" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%98%B8%EB%91%90%EA%B9%8C%EA%B8%B0_%EC%9D%B8%ED%98%95" title="호두까기 인형 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="호두까기 인형" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AF-%D5%8B%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AF%D5%A8_(%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%BF)" title="Մարդուկ-Ջարդուկը (բալետ) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մարդուկ-Ջարդուկը (բալետ)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ora%C5%A1ar" title="Orašar – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Orašar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Nucoruptilo" title="La Nucoruptilo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="La Nucoruptilo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo_schiaccianoci" title="Lo schiaccianoci – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lo schiaccianoci" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%A6%D7%97_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%92%D7%95%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מפצח האגוזים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מפצח האגוזים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucifrangibulum_(ballatio)" title="Nucifrangibulum (ballatio) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nucifrangibulum (ballatio)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spragtukas" title="Spragtukas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Spragtukas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_di%C3%B3t%C3%B6r%C5%91" title="A diótörő – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A diótörő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Оревокршачка – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Оревокршачка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%8Fk-t%C3%B2%CC%A4_k%C3%ACng-gi%C4%81ng" title="Hŏk-tò̤ kìng-giāng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hŏk-tò̤ kìng-giāng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A9%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA_(%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82)" title="Щелкунчик (балет) – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Щелкунчик (балет)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_notenkraker_(ballet)" title="De notenkraker (ballet) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="De notenkraker (ballet)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8B%E3%81%BF%E5%89%B2%E3%82%8A%E4%BA%BA%E5%BD%A2" title="くるみ割り人形 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="くるみ割り人形" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B8tteknekkeren" title="Nøtteknekkeren – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nøtteknekkeren" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B8tteknekkaren" title="Nøtteknekkaren – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nøtteknekkaren" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dziadek_do_orzech%C3%B3w_(balet)" title="Dziadek do orzechów (balet) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dziadek do orzechów (balet)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_Quebra-Nozes" title="O Quebra-Nozes – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="O Quebra-Nozes" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C4%83rg%C4%83torul_de_nuci" title="Spărgătorul de nuci – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Spărgătorul de nuci" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A9%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Щелкунчик – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Щелкунчик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Nutcracker" title="The Nutcracker – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="The Nutcracker" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusk%C3%A1%C4%8Dik_(%C4%8Cajkovskij)" title="Luskáčik (Čajkovskij) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Luskáčik (Čajkovskij)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hresta%C4%8D" title="Hrestač – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hrestač" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%9B" title="Крцко Орашчић – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Крцко Орашчић" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0%C4%8Delkun%C4%8Dik" title="Ščelkunčik – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ščelkunčik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A4hkin%C3%A4ns%C3%A4rkij%C3%A4" title="Pähkinänsärkijä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pähkinänsärkijä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B6tkn%C3%A4pparen" title="Nötknäpparen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nötknäpparen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ikl%C9%99wek_Watu%C3%A7%C4%B1" title="Çikləwek Watuçı – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Çikləwek Watuçı" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เดอะนัทแครกเกอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เดอะนัทแครกเกอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C4%B1nd%C4%B1kk%C4%B1ran_(bale)" title="Fındıkkıran (bale) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fındıkkıran (bale)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA_(%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82)" title="Лускунчик (балет) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лускунчик (балет)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%E1%BA%B9p_H%E1%BA%A1t_D%E1%BA%BB" title="Kẹp Hạt Dẻ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kẹp Hạt Dẻ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E6%A1%83%E5%A4%B9%E5%AD%90" title="胡桃夹子 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="胡桃夹子" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E6%A1%83%E5%A4%BE%E5%AD%90" title="胡桃夾子 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="胡桃夾子" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E6%A1%83%E5%A4%B9%E5%AD%90_(%E8%8A%AD%E8%95%BE%E8%88%9E%E5%89%A7)" title="胡桃夹子 (芭蕾舞剧) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="胡桃夹子 (芭蕾舞剧)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1892 ballet by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Nutcracker_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Nutcracker (disambiguation)">Nutcracker (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"The Nutcracker Suite" redirects here. For the albums, see <a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker_Suite_(Tim_Sparks_album)" title="The Nutcracker Suite (Tim Sparks album)"><i>The Nutcracker Suite</i> (Tim Sparks album)</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker_Suite_(Duke_Ellington_album)" title="The Nutcracker Suite (Duke Ellington album)"><i>The Nutcracker Suite</i> (Duke Ellington album)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">Ballets by <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky">Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tschaikowsky_EBieber_1888.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Tschaikowsky_EBieber_1888.jpg/210px-Tschaikowsky_EBieber_1888.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Tschaikowsky_EBieber_1888.jpg/315px-Tschaikowsky_EBieber_1888.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Tschaikowsky_EBieber_1888.jpg/420px-Tschaikowsky_EBieber_1888.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2634" data-file-height="3668" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Swan_Lake" title="Swan Lake">Swan Lake</a></i> (1876)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sleeping_Beauty_(ballet)" title="The Sleeping Beauty (ballet)">The Sleeping Beauty</a></i> (1889)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Nutcracker</a></i> (1892)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="List of compositions by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky">List of all compositions</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tchaikovsky_stage_works" title="Template:Tchaikovsky stage works"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tchaikovsky_stage_works" title="Template talk:Tchaikovsky stage works"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tchaikovsky_stage_works" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tchaikovsky stage works"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>The Nutcracker</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Щелкунчик<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Shchelkunchik</i></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[ɕːɪɫˈkunʲt͡ɕɪk]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/88\/Ru-Shchelkunchik.ogg\/Ru-Shchelkunchik.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ru-Shchelkunchik.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/Ru-Shchelkunchik.ogg/Ru-Shchelkunchik.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ru-Shchelkunchik.ogg" title="File:Ru-Shchelkunchik.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>), <a href="/wiki/Opus_number" title="Opus number">Op.</a> 71, is an 1892 two-act classical ballet (conceived as a <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ballet-f%C3%A9erie" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballet-féerie">ballet-féerie</a></i></span></i>; Russian: <span lang="ru">балет-феерия</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">balet-feyeriya</i></span>) by <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky">Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky</a>, set on <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve" title="Christmas Eve">Christmas Eve</a> at the foot of a Christmas tree in a child's imagination. The plot is an adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas" title="Alexandre Dumas">Alexandre Dumas'</a> 1844 short story <i>The Nutcracker</i>, itself a retelling of <a href="/wiki/E._T._A._Hoffmann" title="E. T. A. Hoffmann">E. T. A. Hoffmann</a>'s 1816 short story <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker_and_the_Mouse_King" title="The Nutcracker and the Mouse King">The Nutcracker and the Mouse King</a></i>. The ballet's first choreographer was <a href="/wiki/Marius_Petipa" title="Marius Petipa">Marius Petipa</a>, with whom Tchaikovsky had worked three years earlier on <i>The Sleeping Beauty</i>, assisted by <a href="/wiki/Lev_Ivanov" title="Lev Ivanov">Lev Ivanov</a>. Although the complete and staged <i>The Nutcracker</i> ballet was not initially as successful as the 20-minute <i>Nutcracker Suite</i> that Tchaikovsky had premiered nine months earlier, it became popular in later years. </p><p>Since the late 1960s, <i>The Nutcracker</i> has been danced by many ballet companies, especially in North America.<sup id="cite_ref-fisher_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fisher-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major American ballet companies generate around 40% of their annual ticket revenues from performances of the ballet.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its score has been used in several film adaptations of Hoffmann's story. </p><p>Tchaikovsky's score has become one of his most famous compositions. Among other things, the score is noted for its use of the <a href="/wiki/Celesta" title="Celesta">celesta</a>, an instrument the composer had already employed in his much lesser known symphonic ballad <i><a href="/wiki/The_Voyevoda_(symphonic_ballad)" title="The Voyevoda (symphonic ballad)">The Voyevoda</a></i> (1891). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the success of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sleeping_Beauty_(ballet)" title="The Sleeping Beauty (ballet)">The Sleeping Beauty</a></i> in 1890, <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Vsevolozhsky" title="Ivan Vsevolozhsky">Ivan Vsevolozhsky</a>, the director of the Imperial Theatres, commissioned Tchaikovsky to compose a double-bill program featuring both an opera and a ballet. The opera would be <i><a href="/wiki/Iolanta" title="Iolanta">Iolanta</a></i>. For the ballet, Tchaikovsky would again join forces with Marius Petipa, with whom he had collaborated on <i>The Sleeping Beauty.</i> The material Vsevolozhsky chose was an adaptation of <a href="/wiki/E._T._A._Hoffmann" title="E. T. A. Hoffmann">E. T. A. Hoffmann</a>'s story "<a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker_and_the_Mouse_King" title="The Nutcracker and the Mouse King">The Nutcracker and the Mouse King</a>", by <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas" title="Alexandre Dumas">Alexandre Dumas</a> called "The Story of a Nutcracker".<sup id="cite_ref-anderson_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anderson-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plot of Hoffmann's story (and Dumas' adaptation) was greatly simplified for the two-act ballet. Hoffmann's tale contains a long <a href="/wiki/Flashback_(narrative)" title="Flashback (narrative)">flashback</a> story within its main plot titled "The Tale of the Hard Nut", which explains how the Prince was turned into the Nutcracker. This had to be excised for the ballet.<sup id="cite_ref-penghoff_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-penghoff-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Petipa gave Tchaikovsky extremely detailed instructions for the composition of each number, down to the tempo and number of bars.<sup id="cite_ref-anderson_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anderson-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The completion of the work was interrupted for a short time when Tchaikovsky visited the United States for twenty-five days to conduct concerts for the opening of <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tchaikovsky composed parts of <i>The Nutcracker</i> in <a href="/wiki/Rouen,_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Rouen, France">Rouen</a>, France.<sup id="cite_ref-mel_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mel-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saint_Petersburg_premiere">Saint Petersburg premiere</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Saint Petersburg premiere"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nutcracker_-1890.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Nutcracker_-1890.JPG/220px-Nutcracker_-1890.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Nutcracker_-1890.JPG/330px-Nutcracker_-1890.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Nutcracker_-1890.JPG/440px-Nutcracker_-1890.JPG 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="359" /></a><figcaption>(<i>Left to right</i>) Lydia Rubtsova as Marianna, Stanislava Belinskaya as Clara and Vassily Stukolkin as Fritz, in the original production of <i>The Nutcracker</i> (Imperial Mariinsky Theatre, Saint Petersburg, 1892)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nutcracker1892.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Nutcracker1892.jpg/220px-Nutcracker1892.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Nutcracker1892.jpg/330px-Nutcracker1892.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Nutcracker1892.jpg/440px-Nutcracker1892.jpg 2x" data-file-width="927" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption> Varvara Nikitina as the Sugar Plum Fairy and <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Gerdt" title="Pavel Gerdt">Pavel Gerdt</a> as the Cavalier, in a later performance in the original run of <i>The Nutcracker</i>, 1892</figcaption></figure><p>The first performance of the ballet was held as a double premiere together with Tchaikovsky's last opera, <i><a href="/wiki/Iolanta" title="Iolanta">Iolanta</a></i>, on 18 December [<a href="/wiki/Old_Style_and_New_Style_dates" title="Old Style and New Style dates">O.S.</a> 6 December] 1892, at the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Mariinsky_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Mariinsky Theatre">Imperial Mariinsky Theatre</a> in Saint Petersburg, Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-history_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the libretto was by <a href="/wiki/Marius_Petipa" title="Marius Petipa">Marius Petipa</a>, who exactly choreographed the first production has been debated. Petipa began work on the choreography in August 1892; however, illness removed him from its completion and his assistant of seven years, <a href="/wiki/Lev_Ivanov" title="Lev Ivanov">Lev Ivanov</a>, was brought in. Although Ivanov is often credited as the choreographer, some contemporary accounts credit Petipa. The performance was conducted by Italian composer <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Drigo" title="Riccardo Drigo">Riccardo Drigo</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Antonietta_Dell%27Era" title="Antonietta Dell'Era">Antonietta Dell'Era</a> as the Sugar Plum Fairy, <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Gerdt" title="Pavel Gerdt">Pavel Gerdt</a> as Prince Coqueluche, Stanislava Belinskaya as Clara, <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Legat" title="Sergei Legat">Sergei Legat</a> as the Nutcracker-Prince, and <a href="/wiki/Timofey_Stukolkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Timofey Stukolkin">Timofey Stukolkin</a> as Drosselmeyer. Unlike in many later productions, the children's roles were performed by real children – students of the <a href="/wiki/Vaganova_Academy_of_Russian_Ballet" title="Vaganova Academy of Russian Ballet">Imperial Ballet School in Saint Petersburg</a>, with Belinskaya as Clara, and Vassily Stukolkin as Fritz – rather than adults. </p><p>The first performance of <i>The Nutcracker</i> was not deemed a success.<sup id="cite_ref-balletmet1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-balletmet1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reaction to the dancers themselves was ambivalent. Although some critics praised Dell'Era on her <a href="/wiki/En_pointe" class="mw-redirect" title="En pointe">pointework</a> as the Sugar Plum Fairy (she allegedly received five curtain-calls), one critic called her "corpulent" and "podgy". Olga Preobrajenskaya as the Columbine doll was panned by one critic as "completely insipid" and praised as "charming" by another.<sup id="cite_ref-fisher15_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fisher15-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Benois" title="Alexandre Benois">Alexandre Benois</a> described the choreography of the battle scene as confusing: "One can not understand anything. Disorderly pushing about from corner to corner and running backwards and forwards – quite amateurish."<sup id="cite_ref-fisher15_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fisher15-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The libretto was criticized as "lopsided"<sup id="cite_ref-fisher16_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fisher16-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and for not being faithful to the Hoffmann tale. Much of the criticism focused on the featuring of children so prominently in the ballet,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisher200314–15_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisher200314–15-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and many bemoaned the fact that the ballerina did not dance until the <i><a href="/wiki/Pas_de_Deux" class="mw-redirect" title="Pas de Deux">Grand Pas de Deux</a></i> near the end of the second act (which did not occur until nearly midnight during the program).<sup id="cite_ref-fisher16_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fisher16-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some found the transition between the mundane world of the first scene and the fantasy world of the second act too abrupt.<sup id="cite_ref-anderson_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anderson-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reception was better for Tchaikovsky's score. Some critics called it "astonishingly rich in detailed inspiration" and "from beginning to end, beautiful, melodious, original, and characteristic".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFisher200317_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFisher200317-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But this also was not unanimous, as some critics found the party scene "ponderous" and the <i>Grand Pas de Deux</i> "insipid".<sup id="cite_ref-wiley_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wiley-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subsequent_productions">Subsequent productions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Subsequent productions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_productions_of_The_Nutcracker" title="List of productions of The Nutcracker">List of productions of <i>The Nutcracker</i></a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olga_Preobrajnskaya_Legat_-Nutcracker_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Olga_Preobrajnskaya_Legat_-Nutcracker_1.JPG/170px-Olga_Preobrajnskaya_Legat_-Nutcracker_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Olga_Preobrajnskaya_Legat_-Nutcracker_1.JPG/255px-Olga_Preobrajnskaya_Legat_-Nutcracker_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Olga_Preobrajnskaya_Legat_-Nutcracker_1.JPG/340px-Olga_Preobrajnskaya_Legat_-Nutcracker_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Olga_Preobrajenska" title="Olga Preobrajenska">Olga Preobrajenska</a> as the Sugar Plum Fairy and <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Legat" title="Nikolai Legat">Nikolai Legat</a> as Prince Coqueluche in the <i>Grand pas de deux</i> in the original production of <i>The Nutcracker</i>. <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Mariinsky_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Mariinsky Theatre">Imperial Mariinsky Theatre</a>, Saint Petersburg, c. 1900</figcaption></figure><p>In 1919, choreographer <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Gorsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Gorsky">Alexander Gorsky</a> staged a production which eliminated the Sugar Plum Fairy and her Cavalier and gave their dances to Clara and the Nutcracker Prince, who were played by adults instead of children. This was the first production to do so. An abridged version of the ballet was first performed outside Russia in Budapest (Royal Opera House) in 1927, with choreography by Ede Brada.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (January 2009)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup> In 1934, choreographer <a href="/wiki/Vasili_Vainonen" title="Vasili Vainonen">Vasili Vainonen</a> staged a version of the work that addressed many of the criticisms of the original 1892 production by casting adult dancers in the roles of Clara and the Prince, as Gorsky had. The Vainonen version influenced several later productions.<sup id="cite_ref-anderson_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anderson-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first complete performance outside Russia took place in England in 1934,<sup id="cite_ref-balletmet1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-balletmet1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> staged by <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Sergeyev" title="Nicholas Sergeyev">Nicholas Sergeyev</a> after Petipa's original choreography. Annual performances of the ballet have been staged there since 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another abridged version of the ballet, performed by the <a href="/wiki/Ballet_Russe_de_Monte_Carlo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo">Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo</a>, was staged in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> in 1940,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandra_Fedorova_(choreographer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandra Fedorova (choreographer) (page does not exist)">Alexandra Fedorova</a> – again, after Petipa's version.<sup id="cite_ref-balletmet1_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-balletmet1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ballet's first complete United States performance was on 24 December 1944 by the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Ballet" title="San Francisco Ballet">San Francisco Ballet</a>, staged by its artistic director, <a href="/wiki/Willam_Christensen" title="Willam Christensen">Willam Christensen</a>, and starring Gisella Caccialanza as the Sugar Plum Fairy, and Jocelyn Vollmar as the Snow Queen.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-balletmet1_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-balletmet1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the enormous success of this production, San Francisco Ballet has presented <i>Nutcracker</i> every Christmas Eve and throughout the winter season, debuting new productions in 1944, 1954, 1967, and 2004. The original Christensen version continues in <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a>, where Christensen relocated in 1948. It has been performed every year since 1963 by the Christensen-founded <a href="/wiki/Ballet_West" title="Ballet West">Ballet West</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Ballet" title="New York City Ballet">New York City Ballet</a> gave its first annual performance of <a href="/wiki/George_Balanchine" title="George Balanchine">George Balanchine</a>'s reworked staging of <i>The Nutcracker</i> in 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-balletmet1_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-balletmet1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The performance of <a href="/wiki/Maria_Tallchief" title="Maria Tallchief">Maria Tallchief</a> in the role of the Sugar Plum Fairy helped elevate the work from obscurity into an annual Christmas classic and the industry's most reliable box-office draw. Critic Walter Terry remarked that "Maria Tallchief, as the Sugar Plum Fairy, is herself a creature of magic, dancing the seemingly impossible with effortless beauty of movement, electrifying us with her brilliance, enchanting us with her radiance of being. Does she have any equals anywhere, inside or outside of fairyland? While watching her in <i>The Nutcracker,</i> one is tempted to doubt it."<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since Gorsky, Vainonen and Balanchine's productions, many other choreographers have made their own versions. Some institute the changes made by Gorsky and Vainonen while others, like Balanchine, utilize the original libretto. Some notable productions include <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Nureyev" title="Rudolf Nureyev">Rudolf Nureyev</a>'s <a href="/wiki/List_of_productions_of_The_Nutcracker#Rudolf_Nureyev_(1963)" title="List of productions of The Nutcracker">1963 production</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Ballet" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Ballet">Royal Ballet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yury_Grigorovich" title="Yury Grigorovich">Yury Grigorovich</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Bolshoi_Ballet" title="Bolshoi Ballet">Bolshoi Ballet</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker_(Baryshnikov)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Nutcracker (Baryshnikov)">Mikhail Baryshnikov</a> for the <a href="/wiki/American_Ballet_Theatre" title="American Ballet Theatre">American Ballet Theatre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fernand_Nault" title="Fernand Nault">Fernand Nault</a> for <a href="/wiki/Les_Grands_Ballets_Canadiens" title="Les Grands Ballets Canadiens">Les Grands Ballets Canadiens</a> starting in 1964, <a href="/wiki/Kent_Stowell" class="mw-redirect" title="Kent Stowell">Kent Stowell</a> for <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_Ballet" title="Pacific Northwest Ballet">Pacific Northwest Ballet</a> starting in 1983, and <a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker_(Wright)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Nutcracker (Wright)">Peter Wright</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Ballet" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Ballet">Royal Ballet</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Royal_Ballet" title="Birmingham Royal Ballet">Birmingham Royal Ballet</a>. In recent years, revisionist productions, including those by <a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker_(Morris)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Nutcracker (Morris)">Mark Morris</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker_(Bourne)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Nutcracker (Bourne)">Matthew Bourne</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker_(Chemiakin)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Nutcracker (Chemiakin)">Mikhail Chemiakin</a> have appeared; these depart radically from both the original 1892 libretto and Vainonen's revival, while <a href="/wiki/Maurice_B%C3%A9jart" title="Maurice Béjart">Maurice Béjart</a>'s version completely discards the original plot and characters. In addition to annual live stagings of the work, many productions have also been televised or released on home video.<sup id="cite_ref-fisher_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fisher-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Roles">Roles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Roles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following extrapolation of the characters (in order of appearance) is drawn from an examination of the stage directions in the score.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Act_I">Act I</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Act I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li>Herr Stahlbaum <ul><li>His wife</li> <li>His children, including:</li> <li>Clara, his daughter, sometimes known as Marie or Masha</li> <li>Fritz, his son</li> <li>Louise, his daughter</li></ul></li> <li>Children Guests</li> <li>Parents dressed as <i><a href="/wiki/Incroyables_and_Merveilleuses" class="mw-redirect" title="Incroyables and Merveilleuses">incroyables</a></i></li> <li>Herr Drosselmeyer <ul><li>His nephew (in some versions) who resembles the Nutcracker Prince and is played by the same dancer</li></ul></li> <li>Dolls (spring-activated, sometimes all three dancers instead): <ul><li>Harlequin and Columbine, appearing out of a cabbage (1st gift)</li> <li>Vivandière and a Soldier (2nd gift)</li></ul></li> <li>Nutcracker (3rd gift, at first a normal-sized toy, then full-sized and "speaking", then a Prince)</li> <li>Owl (on clock, changing into Drosselmeyer)</li> <li>Mice</li> <li>Sentinel (speaking role)</li> <li>The Bunny</li> <li>Soldiers (of the Nutcracker)</li> <li>Mouse King</li> <li>Snowflakes (sometimes Snow Crystals, sometimes accompanying a Snow Queen and King)</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Act_II">Act II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Act II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vzevolozhsky%27s_costume_sketch_for_Nutcracker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Vzevolozhsky%27s_costume_sketch_for_Nutcracker.jpg/220px-Vzevolozhsky%27s_costume_sketch_for_Nutcracker.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Vzevolozhsky%27s_costume_sketch_for_Nutcracker.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Ivan Vsevolozhsky's original costume sketch for <i>The Nutcracker</i> (1892)</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li>Angels and/or Fairies</li> <li>Sugar Plum Fairy</li> <li>Clara/Marie</li> <li>The Nutcracker Prince</li> <li>12 Pages</li> <li>Eminent members of the court</li> <li>Spanish dancers (Chocolate)</li> <li>Arabian dancers (Coffee)</li> <li>Chinese dancers (Tea)</li> <li>Russian dancers (Candy Canes)</li> <li>Danish shepherdesses / French mirliton players (Marzipan)</li> <li>Mother Ginger</li> <li>Polichinelles (Mother Ginger's Children)</li> <li>Dewdrop</li> <li>Flowers</li> <li>Sugar Plum Fairy's Cavalier</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot <span class="anchor" id="Synopsis"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Plot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Below is a synopsis based on the original 1892 libretto by Marius Petipa. The story varies from production to production, though most follow the basic outline. The names of the characters also vary. In the original Hoffmann story, the young heroine is called Marie Stahlbaum and Clara (Klärchen) is her doll's name. In the adaptation by Dumas on which Petipa based his libretto, her name is Marie Silberhaus.<sup id="cite_ref-penghoff_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-penghoff-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In still other productions, such as Balanchine's, Clara is Marie Stahlbaum rather than Clara Silberhaus. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Act_I_2">Act I</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Act I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><b>Scene 1: The Stahlbaum Home</b></i> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nutcracker_design_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nutcracker_design_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Nutcracker_design_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nutcracker_design_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Nutcracker_design_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Nutcracker_design_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Nutcracker_design_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="459" data-file-height="242" /></a><figcaption>Konstantin Ivanov's original sketch for the set of <i>The Nutcracker</i> (1892)</figcaption></figure><p> In <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg,_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuremberg, Germany">Nuremberg, Germany</a> on Christmas Eve in the 1820s, a family and their friends gather in the parlor to decorate the Christmas tree in preparation for the party. Once the tree is finished, the children are summoned. </p><p>When the party begins,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> presents are given out to the children. When the owl-topped grandfather clock strikes eight, a mysterious figure enters the room. It is Drosselmeyer— a councilman, magician, and Clara's godfather. He is also a talented toymaker who has brought with him gifts for the children, including four lifelike dolls who dance to the delight of all.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then has them put away for safekeeping. </p><p>Clara and her brother Fritz are sad to see the dolls being taken away, but Drosselmeyer has yet another toy for them: a wooden <a href="/wiki/Nutcracker_doll" title="Nutcracker doll">nutcracker doll</a>, which the other children ignore. Clara immediately takes a liking to it, but Fritz accidentally breaks it. Clara is heartbroken, but Drosselmeyer fixes the nutcracker, much to everyone's relief. </p><p>During the night, after everyone else has gone to bed, Clara returns to the parlor to check on the nutcracker. As she reaches the small bed, the clock strikes midnight and she looks up to see Drosselmeyer perched atop it. Suddenly, mice begin to fill the room and the Christmas tree begins to grow to dizzying heights. The nutcracker also grows to life size. Clara finds herself in the midst of a battle between an army of gingerbread soldiers and the mice, led by their king. </p><p>The nutcracker appears to lead the gingerbread men, who are joined by tin soldiers, and by dolls who serve as doctors to carry away the wounded. As the seven-headed Mouse King advances on the still-wounded nutcracker, Clara throws her slipper at him, distracting him long enough for the nutcracker to stab him.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><b>Scene 2: A Pine Forest</b></i> </p><p>The mice retreat and the nutcracker is transformed into a human prince.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He leads Clara through the moonlit night to a pine forest in which the snowflakes dance around them, beckoning them on to his kingdom as the first act ends.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Act_II_2">Act II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Act II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><b>The Land of Sweets</b></i> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vsevolozhskys_design_for_Nutcracker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Vsevolozhskys_design_for_Nutcracker.jpg/220px-Vsevolozhskys_design_for_Nutcracker.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Vsevolozhskys_design_for_Nutcracker.jpg/330px-Vsevolozhskys_design_for_Nutcracker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Vsevolozhskys_design_for_Nutcracker.jpg/440px-Vsevolozhskys_design_for_Nutcracker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="344" /></a><figcaption>Ivan Vsevolozhsky's original costume designs for Mother Gigogne and her Polichinelle children, 1892</figcaption></figure> <p>Clara and the Prince travel to the beautiful Land of Sweets, ruled by the Sugar Plum Fairy in the Prince's place until his return. He recounts for her how he had been saved from the Mouse King by Clara and transformed back into himself. In honor of the young heroine, a celebration of sweets from around the world is produced: chocolate from Spain, coffee from Arabia,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tea from China,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and candy canes from Russia<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> all dance for their amusement; Marzipan shepherdesses perform on their flutes;<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mother Ginger has her children, the <a href="/wiki/Pulcinella#Variants" title="Pulcinella">Polichinelles</a>, emerge from under her enormous hoop skirt to dance; a string of beautiful flowers perform a waltz.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To conclude the night, the Sugar Plum Fairy and her Cavalier perform a dance.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A final waltz is performed by all the sweets, after which the Sugar Plum Fairy ushers Clara and the Prince down from their throne. He bows to her, she kisses Clara goodbye, and leads them to a reindeer-drawn sleigh. It takes off as they wave goodbye to all the subjects who wave back. </p><p>In the original libretto, the ballet's apotheosis "represents a large beehive with flying bees, closely guarding their riches".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWiley1991220_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWiley1991220-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Just like <i><a href="/wiki/Swan_Lake" title="Swan Lake">Swan Lake</a></i>, there have been various alternative endings created in productions subsequent to the original. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musical_sources_and_influences">Musical sources and influences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Musical sources and influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The Nutcracker</i> is one of the composer's most popular compositions. The music belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">Romantic period</a> and contains some of his most memorable melodies, several of which are frequently used in television and film. (They are often heard in TV commercials shown during the <a href="/wiki/Christmas_season" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas season">Christmas season</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Schwarm_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwarm-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </p><p> Tchaikovsky is said to have argued with a friend who wagered that the composer could not write a melody based on a one-octave scale in sequence. Tchaikovsky asked if it mattered whether the notes were in ascending or descending order and was assured it did not. This resulted in the Adagio from the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Grand_pas_de_deux" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand pas de deux">Grand pas de deux</a></span></span>, which, in the ballet, nearly always immediately follows the "Waltz of the Flowers". A story is also told that Tchaikovsky's sister Alexandra (9 January 1842 — 9 April 1891<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) had died shortly before he began composition of the ballet and that his sister's death influenced him to compose a melancholy, descending scale melody for the adagio of the Grand Pas de Deux.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it is more naturally perceived as a dreams-come-true theme because of another celebrated scale use, the ascending one in the <i>Barcarolle</i> from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Seasons_(Tchaikovsky)" title="The Seasons (Tchaikovsky)">The Seasons</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style></p><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Dance_Of_The_Sugar_Plum_Fairy.oga" title="File:Dance Of The Sugar Plum Fairy.oga">Variation of the Sugar Plum Fairy</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="107" data-mwtitle="Dance_of_the_Sugar_Plum_Fairies_(ISRC_USUAN1100270).oga" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Dance_of_the_Sugar_Plum_Fairies_%28ISRC_USUAN1100270%29.oga" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0b/Dance_of_the_Sugar_Plum_Fairies_%28ISRC_USUAN1100270%29.oga/Dance_of_the_Sugar_Plum_Fairies_%28ISRC_USUAN1100270%29.oga.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Danse de la Fée-Dragée</i></span> (<i>Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy</i>) is the third <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Pas_de_deux" title="Pas de deux">pas de deux</a></i></span> in Act II</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>Tchaikovsky was less satisfied with <i>The Nutcracker</i> than with <i>The Sleeping Beauty</i>. (In the film <i><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_(1940_film)" title="Fantasia (1940 film)">Fantasia</a></i>, commentator <a href="/wiki/Deems_Taylor" title="Deems Taylor">Deems Taylor</a> observes that he "really detested" the score.) Tchaikovsky accepted the commission from Vsevolozhsky but did not particularly want to write the ballet<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (though he did write to a friend while composing it, "I am daily becoming more and more attuned to my task").<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Instrumentation">Instrumentation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Instrumentation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The music is written for an <a href="/wiki/Orchestra" title="Orchestra">orchestra</a> with the following instrumentation. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-4"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Woodwind" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodwind">Woodwinds</a></b> </p> <dl><dd>3 <a href="/wiki/Western_concert_flute" title="Western concert flute">flutes</a> (2nd and 3rd doubling on <a href="/wiki/Piccolo" title="Piccolo">piccolo</a>)</dd> <dd>2 <a href="/wiki/Oboe" title="Oboe">oboes</a></dd> <dd>1 <a href="/wiki/Cor_anglais" title="Cor anglais">cor anglais</a></dd> <dd>2 <a href="/wiki/Clarinet" title="Clarinet">clarinets</a> in <a href="/wiki/Soprano_clarinet" title="Soprano clarinet">B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span></a> and A</dd> <dd>1 <a href="/wiki/Bass_clarinet" title="Bass clarinet">bass clarinet</a> in B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span></dd> <dd>2 <a href="/wiki/Bassoon" title="Bassoon">bassoons</a></dd></dl> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Brass_instrument" title="Brass instrument">Brass</a></b> </p> <dl><dd>4 <a href="/wiki/French_horn" title="French horn">French horns</a> in F</dd> <dd>2 <a href="/wiki/Trumpet" title="Trumpet">trumpets</a> in A and B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span></dd> <dd>2 <a href="/wiki/Tenor_trombone" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenor trombone">tenor trombones</a></dd> <dd>1 <a href="/wiki/Bass_trombone" title="Bass trombone">bass trombone</a></dd> <dd>1 <a href="/wiki/Tuba" title="Tuba">tuba</a></dd></dl> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-4"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Percussion" class="mw-redirect" title="Percussion">Percussion</a></b> </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Timpani" title="Timpani">Timpani</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Snare_drum" title="Snare drum">Snare drum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cymbal" title="Cymbal">Cymbals</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bass_drum" title="Bass drum">Bass drum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Triangle_(musical_instrument)" title="Triangle (musical instrument)">Triangle</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tambourine" title="Tambourine">Tambourine</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Castanets" title="Castanets">Castanets</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tam-tam" class="mw-redirect" title="Tam-tam">Tam-tam</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Glockenspiel" title="Glockenspiel">Glockenspiel</a></dd> <dd><div style="text-indent: -1.6em; margin-left: 1.6em;">"Toy instruments" (<a href="/wiki/Rattle_(percussion_instrument)" title="Rattle (percussion instrument)">rattle</a>, trumpet, drum, cuckoo, quail, cymbals, and rifle)</div></dd></dl> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-4"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Keyboard_instrument" title="Keyboard instrument">Keyboard</a></b> </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Celesta" title="Celesta">Celesta</a></dd></dl> <p><b>Voice</b> </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">Soprano</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alto" title="Alto">alto</a> <a href="/wiki/Choir" title="Choir">chorus</a></dd></dl> <p><b><a href="/wiki/String_instruments" class="mw-redirect" title="String instruments">Strings</a></b> </p> <dl><dd>2 <a href="/wiki/Pedal_harp" title="Pedal harp">harps</a></dd></dl> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Violin" title="Violin">Violin</a> I</dd> <dd>Violin II</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Viola" title="Viola">Viola</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cello" title="Cello">Violoncello</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Double_bass" title="Double bass">Double bass</a></dd></dl> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musical_scenes">Musical scenes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Musical scenes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_the_Imperial_Ballet's_1892_program"><span id="From_the_Imperial_Ballet.27s_1892_program"></span>From the Imperial Ballet's 1892 program</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: From the Imperial Ballet's 1892 program"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Titles of all of the numbers listed here come from Marius Petipa's original scenario as well as the original libretto and programs of the first production of 1892. All libretti and programs of works performed on the stages of the Imperial Theatres were titled in French, which was the official language of the Imperial Court, as well as the language from which balletic terminology is derived. </p><p><i><b>Casse-Noisette</b></i>. <i>Ballet-féerie</i> in two acts and three tableaux with apotheosis. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p><b>Act I</b> </p> <ol><li><i>Petite ouverture</i></li> <li><i>Scène: Une fête de Noël</i></li> <li><i>Marche et petit galop des enfants</i></li> <li><i>Danse des incroyables et merveilleuses</i></li> <li><i>Entrée de Drosselmeyer</i></li> <li><i>Danses des poupées mécaniques—</i><div><ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><li><i>Le Soldat et la vivandière</i></li><li><i>Arlequin et Colombine</i> <small>(originally composed for a She-devil and a He-devil)</small></li></ol></div></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li value="7"> <i>Le Casse-Noisette—Polka et la berceuse</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grossvatertanz" title="Grossvatertanz">Danse "Großvater"</a></i></li> <li><i>Grand scène fantastique: la métamorphose du salon</i></li> <li><i>La bataille de Casse-Noisette et du Roi des souris</i></li> <li><i>Le voyage</i></li> <li><i>Valse des flocons de neige</i></li></ol> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <p><b>Act II</b> </p> <ol><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li value="13"> <div><ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><li><i>Entr'acte</i></li><li><i>Grand scène de Confituremburg</i></li></ol></div></li></ol> <i>Grand divertissement—</i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996643573">.mw-parser-output .block-indent{padding-left:3em;padding-right:0;overflow:hidden}</style><div class="block-indent"><div><ol start="14"><li><i>"Chocolat" — Danse espagnole</i></li><li><i>"Café" — Danse arabe</i></li><li><i>"Thé" — Danse chinoise</i></li><li><i>Danse des Bouffons</i></li><li><i>Danse des mirlitons</i></li><li><i>La mère Gigogne et les polichinelles</i></li><li><i>Grand ballabile</i> <small>(<i>Waltz of the Flowers</i>)</small></li></ol></div></div> <ol><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li><li value="21"> <i>Pas de deux—</i><div><ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><li><i>Adage</i></li><li><i>Variation du Prince Coqueluche</i> <small>(M. Pavel Gerdt)</small></li><li><i>Variation de la Fée-Dragée</i> <small>(Mlle Antoinetta Dell'Era)</small></li><li><i>Coda</i></li></ol></div></li> <li><i>Coda générale</i></li> <li><i>Apothéose: Une ruche</i></li></ol> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structure">Structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>List of acts, scenes (tableaux) and musical numbers, along with <a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">tempo indications</a>. Numbers are given according to the original Russian and French titles of the first edition score (1892), the piano reduction score by <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Taneyev" title="Sergei Taneyev">Sergei Taneyev</a> (1892), both published by <a href="/wiki/P._Jurgenson" title="P. Jurgenson">P. Jurgenson</a> in Moscow, and the Soviet collected edition of the composer's works, as reprinted Melville, New York: Belwin Mills [n.d.]<sup id="cite_ref-score_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-score-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margins:auto; width=95%;"> <tbody><tr> <th width="65">Scene </th> <th width="30">No. </th> <th>English title </th> <th>French title </th> <th>Russian title </th> <th style="width:190px;">Tempo indication </th> <th style="width:250px;">Notes </th> <th>Listen </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="vertical-align:top; background:#b0c4de;"><b>Act I</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td align="center"></td> <td>Miniature Overture</td> <td>Ouverture miniature</td> <td>Увертюра</td> <td>Allegro giusto</td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7" style="vertical-align:top;">Tableau I</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td>Scene (The Christmas Tree)</td> <td>Scène (L'arbre de Noël)</td> <td>Сцена (Сцена украшения и зажигания ёлки)</td> <td>Allegro non troppo – Più moderato – Allegro vivace</td> <td>scene of decorating and lighting the Christmas tree </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2</td> <td>March (also March of the Toy Soldiers)</td> <td>Marche</td> <td>Марш</td> <td>Tempo di marcia viva</td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">3</td> <td>Children's Gallop and Dance of the Parents</td> <td>Petit galop des enfants et Entrée des parents</td> <td>Детский галоп и вход (танец) родителей</td> <td>Presto – Andante – Allegro</td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">4</td> <td>Dance Scene (Arrival of Drosselmeyer)</td> <td>Scène dansante</td> <td>Сцена с танцами</td> <td>Andantino – Allegro vivo – Andantino sostenuto – Più andante – Allegro molto vivace – Tempo di Valse – Presto</td> <td>Drosselmeyer's arrival and distribution of presents </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">5</td> <td>Scene and Grandfather Waltz</td> <td>Scène et <a href="/wiki/Grossvater_Tanz" class="mw-redirect" title="Grossvater Tanz">danse du Gross-Vater</a></td> <td>Сцена и танец Гросфатер</td> <td>Andante – Andantino – Moderato assai – Andante – L'istesso tempo – Tempo di Gross-Vater – Allegro vivacissimo</td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">6</td> <td>Scene (Clara and the Nutcracker)</td> <td>Scène</td> <td>Сцена</td> <td>Allegro semplice – Moderato con moto – Allegro giusto – Più allegro – Moderato assai</td> <td>departure of the guests </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">7</td> <td>Scene (The Battle)</td> <td>Scène</td> <td>Сцена</td> <td>Allegro vivo</td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;">Tableau II</td> <td align="center">8</td> <td>Scene (A Pine Forest in Winter)</td> <td>Scène</td> <td>Сцена</td> <td>Andante</td> <td>a.k.a. "Journey through the Snow" </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">9</td> <td>Waltz of the Snowflakes</td> <td>Valse des flocons de neige</td> <td>Вальс снежных хлопьев</td> <td>Tempo di Valse, ma con moto – Presto</td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="8" style="vertical-align:top; background:#b0c4de;"><b>Act II</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="16" style="vertical-align:top;">Tableau III</td> <td align="center">10</td> <td>Scene (The Magic Castle in the Land of Sweets)</td> <td>Scène</td> <td>Сцена</td> <td>Andante</td> <td>introduction </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">11</td> <td>Scene (Clara and Nutcracker Prince)</td> <td>Scène</td> <td>Сцена</td> <td>Andante con moto – Moderato – Allegro agitato – Poco più allegro – Tempo precedente</td> <td>arrival of Clara and the Prince </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7" align="center">12</td> <td>Divertissement </td> <td>Divertissement </td> <td>Дивертисмент </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>a. Chocolate (Spanish Dance) </td> <td>a. Le chocolat (Danse espagnole) </td> <td>a. Шоколад (Испанский танец) </td> <td>Allegro brillante </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>b. Coffee (Arabian Dance) </td> <td>b. Le café (Danse arabe) </td> <td>b. Кофе (Арабский танец) </td> <td>Commodo </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>c. Tea (Chinese Dance) </td> <td>c. Le thé (Danse chinoise) </td> <td>c. Чай (Китайский танец) </td> <td>Allegro moderato </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>d. <a href="/wiki/Trepak_(The_Nutcracker)" title="Trepak (The Nutcracker)">Trepak</a> (Russian Dance) </td> <td>d. Trépak (Danse russe) </td> <td>d. Трепак (русский танец, карамельная трость)<sup id="cite_ref-sugar_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sugar-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Tempo di Trepak, Presto </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>e. Dance of the Reed Flutes </td> <td>e. Les Mirlitons (Danse des Mirlitons) </td> <td>e. Танец пастушков (Датский марципан)<sup id="cite_ref-sugar_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sugar-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Andantino </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>f. Mother Ginger and the Polichinelles </td> <td>f. La mère Gigogne et les polichinelles </td> <td>f. Полишинели </td> <td>Allegro giocoso – Andante – Allegro vivo </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">13</td> <td>Waltz of the Flowers</td> <td>Valse des fleurs</td> <td>Вальс цветов</td> <td>Tempo di Valse</td> <td> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="400" data-mwtitle="P.I._Tchaikovsky's_Waltz_of_the_Flowers_Performed_by_The_U.S._Army_Band,_c._2019.mp3" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e4/P.I._Tchaikovsky%27s_Waltz_of_the_Flowers_Performed_by_The_U.S._Army_Band%2C_c._2019.mp3/P.I._Tchaikovsky%27s_Waltz_of_the_Flowers_Performed_by_The_U.S._Army_Band%2C_c._2019.mp3.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/P.I._Tchaikovsky%27s_Waltz_of_the_Flowers_Performed_by_The_U.S._Army_Band%2C_c._2019.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">14</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pas_de_deux" title="Pas de deux">Pas de Deux</a> </td> <td>Pas de deux </td> <td>Па-де-дё </td> <td></td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>a. Intrada (Sugar Plum Fairy and Her Cavalier) </td> <td>a. La Fée-Dragée et le Prince Orgeat </td> <td>a. Танец принца Оршада и Феи Драже </td> <td>Andante maestoso </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>b. Variation I: <a href="/wiki/Tarantella" title="Tarantella">Tarantella</a> </td> <td>b. Variation I: Tarantelle (Pour le danseur) </td> <td>b. Вариация I: Тарантелла </td> <td>Tempo di Tarantella </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>c. Variation II: Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy </td> <td>c. Variation II: Danse de la Fée-Dragée (Pour la danseuse) </td> <td>c. Вариация II: Танец Феи Драже </td> <td>Andante ma non troppo – Presto </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>d. Coda </td> <td>d. Coda </td> <td>d. Кода </td> <td>Vivace assai </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">15</td> <td>Final Waltz and Apotheosis</td> <td>Valse finale et Apothéose</td> <td>Финальный вальс и Апофеоз</td> <td>Tempo di Valse – Molto meno</td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Concert_excerpts_and_arrangements">Concert excerpts and arrangements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Concert excerpts and arrangements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tchaikovsky:_The_Nutcracker_Suite,_Op._71a"><span id="Tchaikovsky:_The_Nutcracker_Suite.2C_Op._71a"></span>Tchaikovsky: The Nutcracker Suite, Op. 71a</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Tchaikovsky: The Nutcracker Suite, Op. 71a"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_2" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B8_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A9%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA.webm/220px--%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B8_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A9%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="176" data-mwtitle="Чайковский_Танец_Феи_Драже_и_Трепак_из_балета_Щелкунчик.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B8_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A9%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B8_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A9%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA.webm/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B8_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A9%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; 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codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B8_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A9%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA.webm/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B8_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A9%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B8_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A9%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA.webm/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B8_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A9%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/41/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B8_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A9%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA.webm/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B8_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A9%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Excerpt of concert performance of "Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy" and "Trepak" by the <a href="/wiki/Russian_National_Orchestra" title="Russian National Orchestra">Russian National Orchestra</a> conducted by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladislav_Lavrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladislav Lavrik (page does not exist)">Vladislav Lavrik</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" class="extiw" title="ru:Лаврик, Владислав Михайлович">ru</a>]</span></figcaption></figure> <p><span class="anchor" id="Suite"></span>Tchaikovsky made a selection of eight of the numbers from the ballet before the ballet's December 1892 première, forming <i>The Nutcracker Suite</i>, Op. 71a, intended for concert performance. The suite was first performed, under the composer's direction, on 19 March 1892 at an assembly of the Saint Petersburg branch of the Musical Society.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The suite became instantly popular, with almost every number encored at its premiere,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the complete ballet did not begin to achieve its great popularity until after the <a href="/wiki/George_Balanchine" title="George Balanchine">George Balanchine</a> staging became a hit in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The suite became very popular on the concert stage, and was excerpted in <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Pictures" title="Walt Disney Pictures">Disney</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_(1940_film)" title="Fantasia (1940 film)">Fantasia</a></i>, omitting the two movements prior to the Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy. The outline below represents the selection and sequence of the <i>Nutcracker Suite</i> made by the composer: </p> <div><ol style="list-style-type:upper-roman"><li>Miniature Overture (B-Flat Major)</li><li>Characteristic Dances <div><ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><li>March (G Major)</li><li>Dance of the Sugar-Plum Fairy (E Minor) <i>[ending altered from ballet version]</i></li><li>Russian Dance (<a href="/wiki/Trepak_(The_Nutcracker)" title="Trepak (The Nutcracker)">Trepak</a>) (G Major)</li><li>Arabian Dance (coffee) (G Minor)</li><li>Chinese Dance (tea) (B-Flat Major)</li><li>Dance of the Reed Flutes (Mirlitons) (D Major)</li></ol></div></li><li>Waltz of the Flowers (D Major)</li></ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grainger:_Paraphrase_on_Tchaikovsky's_Flower_Waltz,_for_solo_piano"><span id="Grainger:_Paraphrase_on_Tchaikovsky.27s_Flower_Waltz.2C_for_solo_piano"></span>Grainger: <i>Paraphrase on Tchaikovsky's Flower Waltz</i>, for solo piano</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Grainger: Paraphrase on Tchaikovsky's Flower Waltz, for solo piano"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Paraphrase on Tchaikovsky's Flower Waltz</i> is a successful piano arrangement from one of the movements from <i>The Nutcracker</i> by the pianist and composer <a href="/wiki/Percy_Grainger" title="Percy Grainger">Percy Grainger</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pletnev:_Concert_suite_from_The_Nutcracker,_for_solo_piano"><span id="Pletnev:_Concert_suite_from_The_Nutcracker.2C_for_solo_piano"></span>Pletnev: Concert suite from <i>The Nutcracker</i>, for solo piano</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Pletnev: Concert suite from The Nutcracker, for solo piano"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The pianist and conductor <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Pletnev" title="Mikhail Pletnev">Mikhail Pletnev</a> adapted some of the music into a virtuosic concert suite for piano solo: </p> <div><ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><li>March</li><li>Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy</li><li>Tarantella</li><li>Intermezzo (Journey through the Snow)</li><li>Russian Trepak</li><li>Chinese Dance</li><li>Andante maestoso (Pas de Deux)</li></ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_arrangements">Contemporary arrangements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Contemporary arrangements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In 1942, <a href="/wiki/Freddy_Martin" title="Freddy Martin">Freddy Martin</a> and his orchestra recorded <i>The Nutcracker Suite for Dance Orchestra</i> on a set of 4 10-inch 78-RPM records issued by <a href="/wiki/RCA_Victor" class="mw-redirect" title="RCA Victor">RCA Victor</a>. An arrangement of the suite that lay between dance music and jazz.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1947, <a href="/wiki/Fred_Waring" title="Fred Waring">Fred Waring</a> and His Pennsylvanians recorded "The Nutcracker Suite" on a two-part <a href="/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca Records</a> 12-inch 78 RPM record with one part on each side as Decca DU 90022,<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> packaged in a picture sleeve. This version had custom lyrics written for Waring's chorus by, among others, Waring himself. The arrangements were by <a href="/wiki/Harry_Simeone" title="Harry Simeone">Harry Simeone</a>.</li> <li>In 1952, the <a href="/wiki/Les_Brown_(bandleader)" title="Les Brown (bandleader)">Les Brown</a> big band recorded a version of the <i>Nutcracker Suite</i>, arranged by <a href="/wiki/Frank_Comstock" title="Frank Comstock">Frank Comstock</a>, for <a href="/wiki/Coral_Records" title="Coral Records">Coral Records</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brown rerecorded the arrangement in stereo for his 1958 <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Records" title="Capitol Records">Capitol Records</a> album <i>Concert Modern</i>.</li> <li>In 1960, <a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a> and <a href="/wiki/Billy_Strayhorn" title="Billy Strayhorn">Billy Strayhorn</a> composed <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> interpretations of pieces from Tchaikovsky's score, recorded and released on LP as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker_Suite_(Duke_Ellington_album)" title="The Nutcracker Suite (Duke Ellington album)">The Nutcracker Suite</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1999, this suite was supplemented with additional arrangements from the score by David Berger for <i>The Harlem Nutcracker</i>, a production of the ballet by choreographer <a href="/wiki/Donald_Byrd_(choreographer)" title="Donald Byrd (choreographer)">Donald Byrd</a> (born 1949) set during the <a href="/wiki/Harlem_Renaissance" title="Harlem Renaissance">Harlem Renaissance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1960, <a href="/wiki/Shorty_Rogers" title="Shorty Rogers">Shorty Rogers</a> released <i><a href="/wiki/The_Swingin%27_Nutcracker" title="The Swingin' Nutcracker">The Swingin' Nutcracker</a></i>, featuring jazz interpretations of pieces from Tchaikovsky's score.</li> <li>In 1962, American poet and humorist <a href="/wiki/Ogden_Nash" title="Ogden Nash">Ogden Nash</a> wrote verses inspired by the ballet,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and these verses have sometimes been performed in concert versions of the <i>Nutcracker Suite</i>. It has been recorded with <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ustinov" title="Peter Ustinov">Peter Ustinov</a> reciting the verses, and the music is unchanged from the original.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1962 a novelty <a href="/wiki/Boogie-woogie" title="Boogie-woogie">boogie</a> piano <a href="/wiki/Arrangement" title="Arrangement">arrangement</a> of the "Marche", titled "<a href="/wiki/Nut_Rocker" title="Nut Rocker">Nut Rocker</a>", was a No. 1 single in the UK, and No. 21 in the US. Credited to <a href="/wiki/B._Bumble_and_the_Stingers" title="B. Bumble and the Stingers">B. Bumble and the Stingers</a>, it was produced by <a href="/wiki/Kim_Fowley" title="Kim Fowley">Kim Fowley</a> and featured <a href="/wiki/Studio_musicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Studio musicians">studio musicians</a> Al Hazan (piano), <a href="/wiki/Earl_Palmer" title="Earl Palmer">Earl Palmer</a> (drums), <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tedesco" title="Tommy Tedesco">Tommy Tedesco</a> (guitar) and Red Callender (bass). "Nut Rocker" has subsequently been <a href="/wiki/Cover_version" title="Cover version">covered</a> by many others including <a href="/wiki/The_Shadows" title="The Shadows">The Shadows</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emerson,_Lake_%26_Palmer" title="Emerson, Lake & Palmer">Emerson, Lake & Palmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Ventures" title="The Ventures">The Ventures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dropkick_Murphys" title="Dropkick Murphys">Dropkick Murphys</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Brian_Setzer_Orchestra" title="The Brian Setzer Orchestra">The Brian Setzer Orchestra</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Siberian_Orchestra" title="Trans-Siberian Orchestra">Trans-Siberian Orchestra</a>. The Ventures' own <a href="/wiki/Instrumental_rock" title="Instrumental rock">instrumental rock</a> cover of "Nut Rocker", known as "Nutty", is commonly connected to the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">NHL</a> team, the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Bruins" title="Boston Bruins">Boston Bruins</a>, from being used as the theme for the Bruins' telecast games for over two decades, from the late 1960s. In 2004, The Invincible Czars arranged, recorded, and now annually perform the entire suite for rock band.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Trans-Siberian_Orchestra" title="Trans-Siberian Orchestra">Trans-Siberian Orchestra</a>'s first album, <i><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Eve_and_Other_Stories" title="Christmas Eve and Other Stories">Christmas Eve and Other Stories</a></i>, includes an instrumental piece titled "A Mad Russian's Christmas", which is a rock version of music from <i>The Nutcracker.</i></li> <li>On the other end of the scale is the comedic version by <a href="/wiki/Spike_Jones_and_his_City_Slickers" class="mw-redirect" title="Spike Jones and his City Slickers">Spike Jones and his City Slickers</a> released by RCA Victor in December 1945 as "Spike Jones presents for the Kiddies: The Nutcracker Suite (With Apologies to Tchaikovsky)", featuring humorous lyrics by Foster Carling and additional music by Joe "Country" Washburne. An abridged and resequenced version of this recording was issued in 1971 on the LP album <i>Spike Jones is Murdering the Classics</i>, one of the rare comedic pop records to be issued on the prestigious <a href="/wiki/RCA_Red_Seal" class="mw-redirect" title="RCA Red Seal">RCA Red Seal</a> label.</li> <li>International choreographer <a href="/wiki/Val_Caniparoli" title="Val Caniparoli">Val Caniparoli</a> has created several versions of The Nutcracker ballet for <a href="/wiki/Louisville_Ballet" title="Louisville Ballet">Louisville Ballet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Ballet" title="Cincinnati Ballet">Cincinnati Ballet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Ballet" title="Royal New Zealand Ballet">Royal New Zealand Ballet</a>, and Grand Rapids Ballet.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While his ballets remain classically rooted, he has contemporarized them with changes such as making Marie an adult instead of a child, or having Drosselmeir emerges through the clock face during the overture making "him more humorous and mischievous."<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Caniparoli has been influenced by his simultaneous career as a dancer, having joined San Francisco Ballet in 1971 and performing as Drosselmeir and other various Nutcracker roles ever since that time.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Disco_Biscuits" title="Disco Biscuits">Disco Biscuits</a>, a trance-fusion jam band from Philadelphia, have performed "Waltz of the Flowers" and "Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy" on multiple occasions.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Guitar_Quartet" title="Los Angeles Guitar Quartet">Los Angeles Guitar Quartet</a> (LAGQ) recorded the Suite arranged for four acoustic guitars on their CD recording <i>Dances from Renaissance to Nutcracker</i> (1992, Delos).</li> <li>In 1993, guitarist <a href="/wiki/Tim_Sparks" title="Tim Sparks">Tim Sparks</a> recorded his arrangements for acoustic guitar on <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker_Suite_(Tim_Sparks_album)" title="The Nutcracker Suite (Tim Sparks album)">The Nutcracker Suite</a></i>.</li> <li>The Shirim Klezmer Orchestra released a <a href="/wiki/Klezmer" title="Klezmer">klezmer</a> version, titled "Klezmer Nutcracker", in 1998 on the Newport label. The album became the basis for a December 2008 production by <a href="/wiki/Ellen_Kushner" title="Ellen Kushner">Ellen Kushner</a>, titled <i>The Klezmer Nutcracker</i> and staged <a href="/wiki/Off-Broadway" title="Off-Broadway">off-Broadway</a> in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2002, <a href="/wiki/The_Constructus_Corporation" title="The Constructus Corporation">The Constructus Corporation</a> used the melody of <i>Sugar Plum Fairy</i> for their track "Choose Your Own Adventure".</li> <li>In 2009, <a href="/wiki/Pet_Shop_Boys" title="Pet Shop Boys">Pet Shop Boys</a> used a melody from "March" for their track "All Over the World", taken from their album <a href="/wiki/Yes_(Pet_Shop_Boys_album)" title="Yes (Pet Shop Boys album)"><i>Yes</i></a>.</li> <li>In 2012, jazz pianist <a href="/wiki/Eyran_Katsenelenbogen" title="Eyran Katsenelenbogen">Eyran Katsenelenbogen</a> released his renditions of <i>Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy</i>, <i>Dance of the Reed Flutes</i>, <i>Russian Dance</i> and <i>Waltz of the Flowers</i> from the <i>Nutcracker Suite</i>.</li> <li>In 2014, <a href="/wiki/Pentatonix" title="Pentatonix">Pentatonix</a> released an a cappella arrangement of "Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy" on the holiday album <i><a href="/wiki/That%27s_Christmas_to_Me" title="That's Christmas to Me">That's Christmas to Me</a></i> and received a Grammy Award on 16 February 2016 for best arrangement.</li> <li>In 2016, <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Thomas_(pianist)" title="Jennifer Thomas (pianist)">Jennifer Thomas</a> included an instrumental version of "Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy" on her album <i><a href="/wiki/Winter_Symphony_(Jennifer_Thomas_album)" title="Winter Symphony (Jennifer Thomas album)">Winter Symphony</a></i>.</li> <li>In 2017, <a href="/wiki/Lindsey_Stirling" title="Lindsey Stirling">Lindsey Stirling</a> released her version of "Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy" on her holiday album <i><a href="/wiki/Warmer_in_the_Winter" title="Warmer in the Winter">Warmer in the Winter</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2018, <a href="/wiki/Pentatonix" title="Pentatonix">Pentatonix</a> released an a cappella arrangement of "Waltz of the Flowers" on the holiday album <i><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Is_Here!" title="Christmas Is Here!">Christmas Is Here!</a></i>.</li> <li>In 2019, <a href="/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Madonna (entertainer)">Madonna</a> sampled a portion on her song "Dark Ballet" from her <i><a href="/wiki/Madame_X_(album)" title="Madame X (album)">Madame X</a></i> album.<sup id="cite_ref-rg2019_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rg2019-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2019, <a href="/wiki/Mariah_Carey" title="Mariah Carey">Mariah Carey</a> released a normal and an a cappella version of 'Sugar Plum Fairy' entitled the 'Sugar Plum Fairy Introlude' to open and close her 25th Deluxe Anniversary Edition of <a href="/wiki/Merry_Christmas_(Mariah_Carey_album)" title="Merry Christmas (Mariah Carey album)">Merry Christmas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2020, <a href="/wiki/Coone" title="Coone">Coone</a> made a hardstyle cover version titled "The Nutcracker".<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_discography">Selected discography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Selected discography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Nutcracker Suite</i>, made its initial appearance on disc in 1909 in an abridged performance on the <a href="/wiki/Odeon_Records" title="Odeon Records">Odeon</a> label. Historically, this 4 disc set is considered to be the first <a href="/wiki/Record_album" class="mw-redirect" title="Record album">record album</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The recording was conducted by <a href="/wiki/Herman_Finck" title="Herman Finck">Herman Finck</a> and featured the London Palace Orchestra.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was not until after the modern <a href="/wiki/LP_Record" class="mw-redirect" title="LP Record">LP</a> record appeared in 1948 that recordings of the complete ballet began to be made. Because of the ballet's approximate ninety minute length when performed without intermission, applause, or interpolated numbers, the music requires two LPs. Most <a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">CD</a> issues of the music take up two discs, often with fillers. An exception is the 81-minute 1998 <a href="/wiki/Philips_Classics" class="mw-redirect" title="Philips Classics">Philips</a> recording by <a href="/wiki/Valery_Gergiev" title="Valery Gergiev">Valery Gergiev</a> that fits onto one CD because of Gergiev's somewhat brisker tempi. </p> <ul><li>In 1954, the first complete recording of the ballet was released on two LPs by <a href="/wiki/Mercury_Records" title="Mercury Records">Mercury Records</a>. The cover design was by George Maas with illustrations by Dorothy Maas.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The music was performed by the <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis_Symphony_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra">Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra</a>, conducted by <a href="/wiki/Antal_Dor%C3%A1ti" title="Antal Doráti">Antal Doráti</a>. Doráti later re-recorded the complete ballet in stereo, with the <a href="/wiki/London_Symphony_Orchestra" title="London Symphony Orchestra">London Symphony Orchestra</a> in 1962 for Mercury and with the Amsterdam <a href="/wiki/Concertgebouw_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Concertgebouw Orchestra">Concertgebouw Orchestra</a> in 1975 for <a href="/wiki/Philips_Classics_Records" title="Philips Classics Records">Philips Classics</a>. According to Mercury Records, the 1962 recording was made on 35mm magnetic film rather than audio tape, and used album <a href="/wiki/Cover_art" title="Cover art">cover art</a> identical to that of the 1954 recording.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dorati is the only conductor so far to have made three different recordings of the complete ballet. Some critics have cited the 1975 recording as the finest ever made of the complete ballet.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also faithful to the score in employing a boys' choir in the <i>Waltz of the Snowflakes</i>. Many other recordings use an adult or mixed choir.</li> <li>In 1956, <a href="/wiki/Artur_Rodzi%C5%84ski" title="Artur Rodziński">Artur Rodziński</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="Royal Philharmonic Orchestra">Royal Philharmonic Orchestra</a> made a complete recording of the ballet in stereo for <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Records" title="Westminster Records">Westminster Records</a>.</li> <li>In 1959, the first stereo LP album set of the complete ballet, with <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Ansermet" title="Ernest Ansermet">Ernest Ansermet</a> conducting the <a href="/wiki/Orchestre_de_la_Suisse_Romande" title="Orchestre de la Suisse Romande">Orchestre de la Suisse Romande</a>, appeared on <a href="/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca Records</a> in the UK and <a href="/wiki/London_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="London Records">London Records</a> in the US.</li> <li>The first complete stereo <i>Nutcracker</i> with a Russian conductor and a Russian orchestra appeared in 1960, when <a href="/wiki/Gennady_Rozhdestvensky" title="Gennady Rozhdestvensky">Gennady Rozhdestvensky</a>'s recording with the Bolshoi Theatre Orchestra, was issued first in the Soviet Union on the <a href="/wiki/Melodiya" title="Melodiya">Melodiya</a> label, then imported to the U.S. by <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Masterworks" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia Masterworks">Columbia Masterworks</a>. It was also Columbia Masterworks' first complete <i>Nutcracker</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>With the advent of the stereo LP coinciding with the growing popularity of the complete ballet, many other complete recordings have been made. Notable conductors who have done so include <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Abravanel" title="Maurice Abravanel">Maurice Abravanel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Previn" title="André Previn">André Previn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Tilson_Thomas" title="Michael Tilson Thomas">Michael Tilson Thomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mariss_Jansons" title="Mariss Jansons">Mariss Jansons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seiji_Ozawa" title="Seiji Ozawa">Seiji Ozawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Bonynge" title="Richard Bonynge">Richard Bonynge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semyon_Mayevich_Bychkov" class="mw-redirect" title="Semyon Mayevich Bychkov">Semyon Bychkov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Vedernikov" title="Alexander Vedernikov">Alexander Vedernikov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ondrej_Lenard" class="mw-redirect" title="Ondrej Lenard">Ondrej Lenard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Pletnev" title="Mikhail Pletnev">Mikhail Pletnev</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Simon_Rattle" title="Simon Rattle">Simon Rattle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The soundtrack of the 1977 television production with Mikhail Baryshnikov and <a href="/wiki/Gelsey_Kirkland" title="Gelsey Kirkland">Gelsey Kirkland</a>, featuring the <a href="/wiki/National_Philharmonic_Orchestra" title="National Philharmonic Orchestra">National Philharmonic Orchestra</a> conducted by <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Schermerhorn" title="Kenneth Schermerhorn">Kenneth Schermerhorn</a>, was issued in <a href="/wiki/Stereo" class="mw-redirect" title="Stereo">stereo</a> on a Columbia Masterworks 2 LP-set, but has not appeared on CD. The LP soundtrack recording was, for a time, the only stereo version of the Baryshnikov <i>Nutcracker</i> available, since the performance was originally telecast in monophonic sound. The DVD of the performance is in stereo.</li> <li>The first complete recording of the ballet in <a href="/wiki/Digital_data" title="Digital data">digital</a> stereo was issued in 1985, by <a href="/wiki/RCA_Red_Seal" class="mw-redirect" title="RCA Red Seal">RCA Red Seal</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Slatkin" title="Leonard Slatkin">Leonard Slatkin</a> conducting the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Symphony_Orchestra" title="St. Louis Symphony Orchestra">St. Louis Symphony Orchestra</a>. RCA later reissued the recording in a multi-CD set containing complete recordings of Tchaikovsky's two other ballets, <i><a href="/wiki/Swan_Lake" title="Swan Lake">Swan Lake</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sleeping_Beauty_(ballet)" title="The Sleeping Beauty (ballet)">The Sleeping Beauty</a></i>.</li></ul> <p>There have been two major theatrical film versions of the ballet, and both have corresponding soundtrack albums. </p> <ul><li>The first theatrical film adaptation, made in 1985, is of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_productions_of_The_Nutcracker#Kent_Stowell/Maurice_Sendak_(1983)" title="List of productions of The Nutcracker">Pacific Northwest Ballet version</a>, and was conducted by Sir <a href="/wiki/Charles_Mackerras" title="Charles Mackerras">Charles Mackerras</a>. The music is played in this production by the <a href="/wiki/London_Symphony_Orchestra" title="London Symphony Orchestra">London Symphony Orchestra</a>. The film was directed by <a href="/wiki/Carroll_Ballard" title="Carroll Ballard">Carroll Ballard</a>, who had never before directed a ballet film (and has not done so since). Patricia Barker played Clara in the fantasy sequences, and Vanessa Sharp played her in the Christmas party scene. Wade Walthall was the Nutcracker Prince.</li> <li>The second film adaptation was a 1993 film of the New York City Ballet version, titled <i>George Balanchine's The Nutcracker</i>, with <a href="/wiki/David_Zinman" title="David Zinman">David Zinman</a> conducting the New York City Ballet Orchestra. The director was <a href="/wiki/Emile_Ardolino" title="Emile Ardolino">Emile Ardolino</a>, who had won the Emmy, Obie, and Academy Awards for filming dance, and was to die of AIDS later that year. Principal dancers included the Balanchine muse <a href="/wiki/Darci_Kistler" title="Darci Kistler">Darci Kistler</a>, who played the Sugar Plum Fairy, <a href="/wiki/Heather_Watts" title="Heather Watts">Heather Watts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Damian_Woetzel" title="Damian Woetzel">Damian Woetzel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kyra_Nichols" title="Kyra Nichols">Kyra Nichols</a>. Two well-known actors also took part: <a href="/wiki/Macaulay_Culkin" title="Macaulay Culkin">Macaulay Culkin</a> appeared as the Nutcracker/Prince, and <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Kline" title="Kevin Kline">Kevin Kline</a> served as the offscreen narrator. The soundtrack features the interpolated number from <i>The Sleeping Beauty</i> that Balanchine used in the production, and the music is heard on the album in the order that it appears in the film, not in the order that it appears in the original ballet.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Notable albums of excerpts from the ballet, rather than just the usual <i>Nutcracker Suite</i>, were recorded by <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Ormandy" title="Eugene Ormandy">Eugene Ormandy</a> conducting the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Orchestra" title="Philadelphia Orchestra">Philadelphia Orchestra</a> for <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Masterworks" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia Masterworks">Columbia Masterworks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Reiner" title="Fritz Reiner">Fritz Reiner</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Chicago Symphony Orchestra">Chicago Symphony Orchestra</a> for <a href="/wiki/RCA_Red_Seal" class="mw-redirect" title="RCA Red Seal">RCA Victor</a>. <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Fiedler" title="Arthur Fiedler">Arthur Fiedler</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Pops_Orchestra" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Pops Orchestra">Boston Pops Orchestra</a> (for RCA Victor), as well as <a href="/wiki/Erich_Kunzel" title="Erich Kunzel">Erich Kunzel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Pops_Orchestra" title="Cincinnati Pops Orchestra">Cincinnati Pops Orchestra</a> (for <a href="/wiki/Telarc" class="mw-redirect" title="Telarc">Telarc</a>) have also recorded albums of extended excerpts. The original issue of <a href="/wiki/Michael_Tilson_Thomas" title="Michael Tilson Thomas">Michael Tilson Thomas</a>'s version with the <a href="/wiki/Philharmonia_Orchestra" title="Philharmonia Orchestra">Philharmonia Orchestra</a> on CBS Masterworks was complete.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the currently available edition is abridged.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Ormandy, Reiner and Fiedler never recorded a complete version of the ballet; however, Kunzel's album of excerpts runs 73 minutes, containing more than two-thirds of the music. Conductor <a href="/wiki/Neeme_J%C3%A4rvi" title="Neeme Järvi">Neeme Järvi</a> has recorded act 2 of the ballet complete, along with excerpts from <i><a href="/wiki/Swan_Lake" title="Swan Lake">Swan Lake</a></i>. The music is played by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Scottish_National_Orchestra" title="Royal Scottish National Orchestra">Royal Scottish National Orchestra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Many famous conductors of the twentieth century made recordings of the suite, but not of the complete ballet. These include <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Toscanini" title="Arturo Toscanini">Arturo Toscanini</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Beecham" title="Thomas Beecham">Thomas Beecham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claudio_Abbado" title="Claudio Abbado">Claudio Abbado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_von_Karajan" title="Herbert von Karajan">Herbert von Karajan</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine">James Levine</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Neville_Marriner" title="Neville Marriner">Neville Marriner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Shaw_(conductor)" title="Robert Shaw (conductor)">Robert Shaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mstislav_Rostropovich" title="Mstislav Rostropovich">Mstislav Rostropovich</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Georg_Solti" title="Georg Solti">Georg Solti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Stokowski" title="Leopold Stokowski">Leopold Stokowski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zubin_Mehta" title="Zubin Mehta">Zubin Mehta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Williams" title="John Williams">John Williams</a>.</li> <li>In 2007, Josh Perschbacher recorded an organ transcription of the <i>Nutcracker Suite</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ethnic_stereotypes_and_cultural_misattribution">Ethnic stereotypes and cultural misattribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Ethnic stereotypes and cultural misattribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this article <b>deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit">improve this article</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:The_Nutcracker" title="Talk:The Nutcracker">talk page</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">create a new article</a>, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the United States, commentary emerged in the 2010s about the Chinese and Arabian characteristic dances. In a 2014 article titled "Sorry, 'The Nutcracker' Is Racist", writer <a href="/wiki/Alice_Robb" title="Alice Robb">Alice Robb</a> panned the typical choreography of the Chinese dance as white people wearing "harem pants and a straw hat, eyes painted to look slanted" and "wearing chopsticks in their black wigs"; the Arabian dance, she said, has a woman who "slinks around the stage in a belly shirt, bells attached to her ankles".<sup id="cite_ref-Robb_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robb-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, dance professor Jennifer Fisher at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Irvine" title="University of California, Irvine">University of California, Irvine</a>, complained in 2018 about the use in the Chinese dance of "bobbing, subservient '<a href="/wiki/Kowtow" title="Kowtow">kowtow</a>' steps, <a href="/wiki/Fu_Manchu_moustache" title="Fu Manchu moustache">Fu Manchu mustaches</a>, and, especially, the often-used saffron-tinged makeup, widely known as '<a href="/wiki/Portrayal_of_East_Asians_in_American_film_and_theater" title="Portrayal of East Asians in American film and theater">yellowface</a>.'"<sup id="cite_ref-Fisher_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fisher-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, <i><a href="/wiki/Dance_Magazine" title="Dance Magazine">Dance Magazine</a></i> printed the opinions of three directors: Ronald Alexander of Steps on Broadway and <a href="/wiki/The_Harlem_School_of_the_Arts" title="The Harlem School of the Arts">The Harlem School of the Arts</a> said the characters in some of the dances were "borderline caricatures, if not downright demeaning", and that some productions had made changes to improve this; Stoner Winslett of the <a href="/wiki/Richmond_Ballet" title="Richmond Ballet">Richmond Ballet</a> said <i>The Nutcracker</i> was not racist and that her productions had a "diverse cast"; and <a href="/wiki/Donald_Byrd_(choreographer)" title="Donald Byrd (choreographer)">Donald Byrd</a> of Spectrum Dance Theater saw the ballet as Eurocentric and not racist.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some people who have performed in productions of the ballet do not see a problem because they are continuing what is viewed as "a tradition".<sup id="cite_ref-Robb_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robb-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/George_Balanchine" title="George Balanchine">George Balanchine</a>, the Arabian dance was a sensuous belly dance intended for the fathers, not the children.<sup id="cite_ref-Dunning_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunning-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the attempts to change the dances in the United States were <a href="/wiki/Austin_McCormick" title="Austin McCormick">Austin McCormick</a> making the Arabian dance into a <a href="/wiki/Pole_dance" title="Pole dance">pole dance</a>, and <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Ballet" title="San Francisco Ballet">San Francisco Ballet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Ballet_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Pittsburgh Ballet Theater">Pittsburgh Ballet Theater</a> changing the Chinese dance to a <a href="/wiki/Dragon_dance" title="Dragon dance">dragon dance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Robb_78-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Robb-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Georgina_Pazcoguin" title="Georgina Pazcoguin">Georgina Pazcoguin</a> of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Ballet" title="New York City Ballet">New York City Ballet</a> and former dancer Phil Chan started the "Final Bow for Yellowface" movement and created a web site which explained the history of the practices and suggested changes. One of their points was that only the Chinese dance made dancers look like an ethnic group other than the one they belonged to. The New York City Ballet went on to drop <a href="/wiki/Geisha" title="Geisha">geisha</a> wigs and makeup and change some dance moves. Some other ballet companies followed.<sup id="cite_ref-Fisher_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fisher-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>The Nutcracker</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s "Arabian" dance is in fact an embellished, exotified version of a traditional <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgian</a> lullaby, with no genuine connection to the Arab culture.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alastair_Macaulay" title="Alastair Macaulay">Alastair Macaulay</a> of <i>The New York Times</i> defended Tchaikovsky, saying he "never intended his Chinese and Arabian music to be ethnographically correct".<sup id="cite_ref-Macaulay_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macaulay-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He said, "their extraordinary color and energy are far from condescending, and they make the world of 'The Nutcracker' larger."<sup id="cite_ref-Macaulay_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macaulay-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To change anything is to "unbalance <i>The Nutcracker</i>" with music the author did not write. If there were stereotypes, Tchaikovsky also used them in representing his own country of Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-Macaulay_83-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macaulay-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several films having little or nothing to do with the ballet or the original Hoffmann tale have used its music: </p> <ul><li>The 1940 <a href="/wiki/Disney" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney">Disney</a> animated film <i><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_(1940_film)" title="Fantasia (1940 film)">Fantasia</a></i> features a segment using <a href="#Suite">The Nutcracker Suite</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A 1951 thirty-minute short, <i>Santa and the Fairy Snow Queen</i>, issued on DVD by <a href="/wiki/Something_Weird_Video" title="Something Weird Video">Something Weird Video</a>, features several dances from <i>The Nutcracker</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2001, <i><a href="/wiki/Barbie_in_the_Nutcracker" title="Barbie in the Nutcracker">Barbie in the Nutcracker</a></i>, produced by <a href="/wiki/Mainframe_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainframe Entertainment">Mainframe Entertainment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mattel_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Mattel Entertainment">Mattel Entertainment</a>, and distributed by <a href="/wiki/Artisan_Entertainment" title="Artisan Entertainment">Artisan Home Entertainment</a> was loosely adapted from E. T. A. Hoffmann's 1816 short story, "<a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker_and_the_Mouse_King" title="The Nutcracker and the Mouse King">The Nutcracker and the Mouse King</a>", and features music based from Tchaikovsky's 1892 ballet, <i>The Nutcracker</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disney" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney">Disney</a> announced that a remake of The Nutcracker would be directed by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Zemeckis" title="Robert Zemeckis">Robert Zemeckis</a> through the use of <a href="/wiki/Motion_capture" title="Motion capture">motion capture</a>, a technique that was used in <a href="/wiki/The_Polar_Express_(film)" title="The Polar Express (film)"><i>The Polar Express</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Monster_House_(film)" title="Monster House (film)"><i>Monster House</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Beowulf_(2007_film)" title="Beowulf (2007 film)"><i>Beowulf</i></a>, and <a href="/wiki/A_Christmas_Carol_(2009_film)" title="A Christmas Carol (2009 film)"><i>A Christmas Carol</i></a>. The film was cancelled following the box office disappointment of <i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Needs_Moms" title="Mars Needs Moms">Mars Needs Moms</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2007 was released <i><a href="/wiki/Tom_and_Jerry:_A_Nutcracker_Tale" title="Tom and Jerry: A Nutcracker Tale">Tom and Jerry: A Nutcracker Tale</a></i> featuring Tchaikovsky's music from the ballet as score.</li> <li>In 2010, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker_in_3D" title="The Nutcracker in 3D">The Nutcracker in 3D</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Elle_Fanning" title="Elle Fanning">Elle Fanning</a> abandoned the ballet and most of the story, retaining much of Tchaikovsky's music with lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Rice" title="Tim Rice">Tim Rice</a>. The $90 million film became the year's biggest <a href="/wiki/List_of_box_office_bombs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of box office bombs">box office bomb</a>.</li> <li>In 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Hallmark_Channel" title="Hallmark Channel">Hallmark Channel</a> presented <i>A Nutcracker Christmas;</i> a tele-film that contains a number of selected scenes of the 1892 two-act Nutcracker ballet.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Athens_State_Orchestra" title="Athens State Orchestra">Athens State Orchestra</a> in collaboration with Cinecreed Productions (former name: 1895 cinematic creations) presented "A Different Nutcracker" animation film, directed by Yiorgos Molvalis.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the premiere (Chr. Lamprakis, <a href="/wiki/Athens_Concert_Hall" title="Athens Concert Hall">Athens Concert Hall</a>, 26 December 2017) as Silent animation, the film was recorded live by the Athens State Orchestra. In 2020 the official recording was integrated in to the film marking its completion and making it available for screenings without the need to have the orchestra present.</li> <li>In 2018, the Disney live-action film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker_and_the_Four_Realms" title="The Nutcracker and the Four Realms">The Nutcracker and the Four Realms</a></i> was released with <a href="/wiki/Lasse_Hallstr%C3%B6m" title="Lasse Hallström">Lasse Hallström</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joe_Johnston" title="Joe Johnston">Joe Johnston</a> as directors and a script by Ashleigh Powell.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 2024 Russian-Hungarian animated film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker_and_the_Magic_Flute" title="The Nutcracker and the Magic Flute">The Nutcracker and the Magic Flute</a></i> adapted the story and used the music, while combining them with other classical works.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The 1987 <a href="/wiki/True_crime" title="True crime">true crime</a> <a href="/wiki/Miniseries" title="Miniseries">miniseries</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Nutcracker:_Money,_Madness_and_Murder" title="Nutcracker: Money, Madness and Murder">Nutcracker: Money, Madness and Murder</a></i>, opens every episode with the first notes of the ballet amid scenes of <a href="/wiki/Frances_Schreuder" class="mw-redirect" title="Frances Schreuder">Frances Schreuder</a>'s daughter dancing to it in ballet dress.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 2015 Canadian television film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Curse_of_Clara:_A_Holiday_Tale" title="The Curse of Clara: A Holiday Tale">The Curse of Clara: A Holiday Tale</a></i>, based on an autobiographical short story by onetime Canadian ballet student Vickie Fagan, centres on a young ballet student preparing to dance the role of Clara in a production of <i>The Nutcracker</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Children's_recordings"><span id="Children.27s_recordings"></span>Children's recordings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Children's recordings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There have been several recorded children's adaptations of the E. T. A. Hoffmann story (the basis for the ballet) using Tchaikovsky's music, some quite faithful, some not. One that was not was a version titled <i>The Nutcracker Suite for Children</i>, narrated by Metropolitan Opera announcer <a href="/wiki/Milton_Cross" title="Milton Cross">Milton Cross</a>, which used a two-piano arrangement of the music. It was released as a 78-RPM album set in the 1940s. A later version, titled <i>The Nutcracker Suite</i>, starred <a href="/wiki/Denise_Bryer" title="Denise Bryer">Denise Bryer</a> and a full cast, was released in the 1960s on LP and made use of Tchaikovsky's music in the original orchestral arrangements. It was quite faithful to Hoffmann's story <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker_and_the_Mouse_King" title="The Nutcracker and the Mouse King">The Nutcracker and the Mouse King</a></i>, on which the ballet is based, even to the point of including the section in which Clara cuts her arm on the glass toy cabinet, and also mentioning that she married the Prince at the end. It also included a less gruesome version of "The Tale of the Hard Nut", the tale-within-a-tale in Hoffmann's story. It was released as part of the <a href="/wiki/Tale_Spinners_for_Children" title="Tale Spinners for Children">Tale Spinners for Children</a> series.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spike Jones produced a 78 rpm record set "Spike Jones presents for the kiddies The Nutcracker Suite (with Apologies to Tchaikovsky)" in 1944. It includes the tracks: "The Little Girl's Dream", "Land of the Sugar Plum Fairy", "The Fairy Ball", "The Mysterious Room", "Back to the Fairy Ball" and "End of the Little Girl's Dream". This is all done in typical Spike Jones style, with the addition of choruses and some swing music. The entire recording is available at archive.com<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journalism">Journalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Journalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In 2009, <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a>–winning dance critic Sarah Kaufman wrote a series of articles for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> criticizing the primacy of <i>The Nutcracker</i> in the American repertory for stunting the creative evolution of ballet in the United States:<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kaufnut_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaufnut-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>That warm and welcoming veneer of domestic bliss in <i>The Nutcracker</i> gives the appearance that all is just plummy in the ballet world. But ballet is beset by serious ailments that threaten its future in this country... companies are so cautious in their programming that they have effectively reduced an art form to a rotation of over-roasted chestnuts that no one can justifiably croon about... The tyranny of <i>The Nutcracker</i> is emblematic of how dull and risk-averse American ballet has become. There were moments throughout the 20th century when ballet was brave. When it threw bold punches at its own conventions. First among these was the <a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a> period, when ballet—<i>ballet</i>—lassoed the avant-garde art movement and, with works such as <a href="/wiki/Michel_Fokine" title="Michel Fokine">Michel Fokine</a>'s fashionably sexy <a href="/wiki/Scheherazade_(Rimsky-Korsakov)#Adaptations" title="Scheherazade (Rimsky-Korsakov)"><i>Scheherazade</i></a> (1910) and <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9onide_Massine" title="Léonide Massine">Léonide Massine</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubist</a>-inspired <a href="/wiki/Parade_(ballet)" title="Parade (ballet)"><i>Parade</i></a> (1917), made world capitals sit up and take notice. Afraid of scandal? Not these free-thinkers; <a href="/wiki/Vaslav_Nijinsky" title="Vaslav Nijinsky">Vaslav Nijinsky</a>'s rough-hewn, aggressive <a href="/wiki/The_Rite_of_Spring" title="The Rite of Spring"><i>Rite of Spring</i></a> famously put Paris in an uproar in 1913... Where are this century's provocations? Has ballet become so entwined with its "Nutcracker" image, so fearfully wedded to unthreatening offerings, that it has forgotten how eye-opening and ultimately nourishing creative destruction can be?<sup id="cite_ref-kaufnut_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kaufnut-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Sarah Kaufman, dance critic for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i></cite></div></blockquote> <ul><li>In 2010, <a href="/wiki/Alastair_Macaulay" title="Alastair Macaulay">Alastair Macaulay</a>, dance critic for <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> (who had previously taken Kaufman to task for her criticism of <i>The Nutcracker</i><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) began <i>The Nutcracker Chronicles</i>, a series of blog articles documenting his travels across the United States to see different productions of the ballet.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Act I of <i>The Nutcracker</i> ends with snow falling and snowflakes dancing. Yet <i>The Nutcracker</i> is now seasonal entertainment even in parts of America where snow seldom falls: Hawaii, the California coast, Florida. Over the last 70 years this ballet—conceived in the Old World—has become an American institution. Its amalgam of children, parents, toys, a Christmas tree, snow, sweets and Tchaikovsky's astounding score is integral to the season of good will that runs from Thanksgiving to New Year... I am a European who lives in America, and I never saw any <i>Nutcracker</i> until I was 21. Since then I've seen it many times. The importance of this ballet to America has become a phenomenon that surely says as much about this country as it does about this work of art. So this year I'm running a <i>Nutcracker</i> marathon: taking in as many different American productions as I can reasonably manage in November and December, from coast to coast (more than 20, if all goes well). America is a country I'm still discovering; let <i>The Nutcracker</i> be part of my research.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Alastair Macaulay, dance critic for <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i></cite></div></blockquote> <ul><li>In 2014, Ellen O'Connell, who trained with the Royal Ballet in London, wrote, in <a href="/wiki/Salon_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salon (website)">Salon (website)</a>, on the darker side of <i>The Nutcracker</i> story. In E. T. A. Hoffmann's original story, the <i>Nutcracker and Mouse King,</i> Marie's (Clara's), journey becomes a fevered delirium that transports her to a land where she sees sparkling Christmas Forests and Marzipan Castles, but in a world populated with dolls.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hoffmann's tales were so bizarre, <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a> wrote about them in <i>The Uncanny.</i><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>E. T. A. Hoffmann's 1816 fairy tale, on which the ballet is based, is troubling: Marie, a young girl, falls in love with a nutcracker doll, whom she only sees come alive when she falls asleep. ...Marie falls, ostensibly in a fevered dream, into a glass cabinet, cutting her arm badly. She hears stories of trickery, deceit, a rodent mother avenging her children's death, and a character who must never fall asleep (but of course does, with disastrous consequences). While she heals from her wound, the mouse king brainwashes her in her sleep. Her family forbids her from speaking of her "dreams" anymore, but when she vows to love even an ugly nutcracker, he comes alive and she marries him. </p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Ellen O'Connell-Whittet, Lecturer, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Barbara" title="University of California, Santa Barbara">University of California, Santa Barbara</a> Writing Program</cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Popular_music">Popular music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Popular music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The song "Dance Mystique" (track B1) on the studio album <i><a href="/wiki/Bach_to_the_Blues" title="Bach to the Blues">Bach to the Blues</a></i> (1964) by the <a href="/wiki/Ramsey_Lewis_Trio" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramsey Lewis Trio">Ramsey Lewis Trio</a> is a jazz adaptation of Coffee (Arabian Dance).</li> <li>The song "Fall Out" by English band <a href="/wiki/Mansun" title="Mansun">Mansun</a> from their 1998 album <i><a href="/wiki/Six_(Mansun_album)" title="Six (Mansun album)">Six</a></i> heavily relies on the celesta theme from the Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy.</li> <li>The song "<a href="/wiki/Dark_Ballet" title="Dark Ballet">Dark Ballet</a>" by American singer-songwriter <a href="/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Madonna (entertainer)">Madonna</a> samples the melody of Dance of the Reed Flutes (Danish <a href="/wiki/Marzipan" title="Marzipan">Marzipan</a>) which is often mistaken for Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy. The song also relied on the lesser-known harp cadenza from Waltz of the Flowers. The same Tchaikovsky sample was earlier used in internationally famous 1992 ads for <a href="/wiki/Cadbury_Dairy_Milk_Fruit_%26_Nut" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadbury Dairy Milk Fruit & Nut">Cadbury Dairy Milk Fruit & Nut</a> with 'Madonna' as the singing chocolate bar (in Russian version the subtitles "'This Is Madonna'" (Russian: <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Это Мадонна</span></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>:</small> <span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Eto Madonna</i></span>) were displayed on a screen).<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_games">Video games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Video games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Waltz of the Flowers</i> is played in one chapter of <i><a href="/wiki/What_Remains_of_Edith_Finch" title="What Remains of Edith Finch">What Remains of Edith Finch</a></i>.</li> <li>The official <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a> published version of <i><a href="/wiki/Tetris" title="Tetris">Tetris</a></i> for the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System">Nintendo Entertainment System</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Game_Boy_Advance" title="Game Boy Advance">Game Boy Advance</a> version of <i>Tetris Worlds</i> features <i>Dance of the Suger Plum Fairy</i> as one of their music options, and the <a href="/wiki/Game_Boy" title="Game Boy">Game Boy</a> version uses <i>Trepak</i> as victory music for clearing 25 lines on Type B level 9.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Parade_of_the_Tin_Soldiers" title="The Parade of the Tin Soldiers">Parade of the Wooden Soldiers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Щелкунчикъ</span></span> in <a href="/wiki/Reforms_of_Russian_orthography" title="Reforms of Russian orthography">Russian pre-revolutionary orthography spelling</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fisher-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fisher_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fisher_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFisher2003" class="citation book cs1">Fisher, J. (2003). <i>Nutcracker Nation: How an Old World Ballet Became a Christmas Tradition in the New World</i>. New Haven: Yale University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nutcracker+Nation%3A+How+an+Old+World+Ballet+Became+a+Christmas+Tradition+in+the+New+World&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgovino2013" class="citation news cs1">Agovino, Theresa (23 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20131223/ARTS/131229961/the-nutcracker-brings-big-bucks-to-ballet-companies">"The Nutcracker brings big bucks to ballet companies"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Crain%27s_New_York_Business" class="mw-redirect" title="Crain's New York Business">Crain's New York Business</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Crain%27s+New+York+Business&rft.atitle=The+Nutcracker+brings+big+bucks+to+ballet+companies&rft.date=2013-12-23&rft.aulast=Agovino&rft.aufirst=Theresa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crainsnewyork.com%2Farticle%2F20131223%2FARTS%2F131229961%2Fthe-nutcracker-brings-big-bucks-to-ballet-companies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWakin2009" class="citation news cs1">Wakin, Daniel J. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8QIPu3fC2vU">the original</a> on 30 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Doll+Dance&rft.place=Moscow%2C+Russia&rft.pub=Moscow+Ballet&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D8QIPu3fC2vU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Dancers of the Moscow Ballet (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/GfFLjXszBiQ"><i>The Rat King Appears</i></a>. Moscow, Russia: Moscow Ballet. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GfFLjXszBiQ">the original</a> on 30 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Rat+King+Appears&rft.place=Moscow%2C+Russia&rft.pub=Moscow+Ballet&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DGfFLjXszBiQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Dancers of the SemperOperBallett (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/NEo4dGZiGJQ"><i>Snow Pas de Deux</i></a>. Dresden, Germany: SemperOperBallett. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NEo4dGZiGJQ">the original</a> on 30 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Snow+Pas+de+Deux&rft.place=Dresden%2C+Germany&rft.pub=SemperOperBallett&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DNEo4dGZiGJQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Bolshoi Ballet (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/LfWitZRppeE"><i><span></span></i>The Nutcracker<i> (Casse-Noisette) – Bolshoi Ballet in Cinema (Preview 1)</i></a>. Moscow, Russia: Pathé Live. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LfWitZRppeE">the original</a> on 30 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nutcracker+%28Casse-Noisette%29+%E2%80%93+Bolshoi+Ballet+in+Cinema+%28Preview+1%29&rft.place=Moscow%2C+Russia&rft.pub=Path%C3%A9+Live&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DLfWitZRppeE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Dancers of the Perm Opera Ballet Theatre (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/DOPyCWTM5-w"><i>Вальс снежинок из балета "Щелкунчик"</i></a>. Russia: Perm Opera Ballet Theatre. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DOPyCWTM5-w">the original</a> on 30 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81+%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0+%22%D0%A9%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA%22&rft.place=Russia&rft.pub=Perm+Opera+Ballet+Theatre&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DDOPyCWTM5-w&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Dancers of the SemperOperBallett. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200115011703/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cG0fO-2WY2s"><i><span></span></i>The Nutcracker<i> – Arabian Divertissement</i></a>. Dresden, Germany: SemperOperBallett. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cG0fO-2WY2s">the original</a> on 15 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nutcracker+%E2%80%93+Arabian+Divertissement&rft.place=Dresden%2C+Germany&rft.pub=SemperOperBallett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DcG0fO-2WY2s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Cecilia Iliesiu (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VnAsmLgEGnA"><i>Arabian Coffee/Peacock</i></a>. Pacific Northwest Ballet.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arabian+Coffee%2FPeacock&rft.pub=Pacific+Northwest+Ballet&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DVnAsmLgEGnA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Dancers of the Mariinsky ballet (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/iiyx1m44nMM"><i><span></span></i>The Nutcracker<i> – Tea (Chinese Dance)</i></a>. Mariinsky Ballet. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iiyx1m44nMM">the original</a> on 30 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nutcracker+%E2%80%93+Tea+%28Chinese+Dance%29&rft.pub=Mariinsky+Ballet&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Diiyx1m44nMM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Dancers of the Boston Ballet (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/CiPT5Ne6yXI"><i>SPOTLIGHT The Nutcracker's Russian Dance</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Boston_Ballet" title="Boston Ballet">Boston Ballet</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiPT5Ne6yXI">the original</a> on 30 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SPOTLIGHT+The+Nutcracker%27s+Russian+Dance&rft.pub=Boston+Ballet&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DCiPT5Ne6yXI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Dancers of the SemperOperBallett. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vrXQ8uAnipo"><i><span></span></i>The Nutcracker<i> – Mirlitons Divertissement</i></a>. Dresden, Germany: SemperOperBallett.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nutcracker+%E2%80%93+Mirlitons+Divertissement&rft.place=Dresden%2C+Germany&rft.pub=SemperOperBallett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DvrXQ8uAnipo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Kyra Nichols and the NYCB Corps de Ballet (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vrXQ8uAnipo"><i>New York City Ballet: Waltz of the Flowers</i></a>. New York City: Lincoln Center.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+City+Ballet%3A+Waltz+of+the+Flowers&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Lincoln+Center&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DvrXQ8uAnipo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">PNB dancers. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/UIb0g6iMQ5M"><i>Nutcracker Flowers Excerpt</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest_Ballet" title="Pacific Northwest Ballet">Pacific Northwest Ballet</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UIb0g6iMQ5M">the original</a> on 30 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nutcracker+Flowers+Excerpt&rft.pub=Pacific+Northwest+Ballet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DUIb0g6iMQ5M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Alina Somova & Vladimir Shklyarov (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=42CfrMNMIZo"><i>Sugarplum and Cavalier variations</i></a>. St Petersburg, Russia: Ovation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sugarplum+and+Cavalier+variations&rft.place=St+Petersburg%2C+Russia&rft.pub=Ovation&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D42CfrMNMIZo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Darci Kistler. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211030/bH8yiSQDYHI"><i>Dance of the Sugarplum Fairy</i></a>. New York City: Ovation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bH8yiSQDYHI">the original</a> on 30 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dance+of+the+Sugarplum+Fairy&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Ovation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DbH8yiSQDYHI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWiley1991220-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWiley1991220_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWiley1991">Wiley 1991</a>, p. 220.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schwarm-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schwarm_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwarm" class="citation web cs1">Schwarm, Betsy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Nutcracker">"The Nutcracker, OP. 71"</a>. <i>Encyclopaedia Britannica</i>. The Music Alliance<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=The+Nutcracker%2C+OP.+71&rft.aulast=Schwarm&rft.aufirst=Betsy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FThe-Nutcracker&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201024142843/http://chaiklib.permculture.ru/%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0.aspx">"Tchaikovskaya (Davydova) Alexandra Ilinichna"</a>. <i>chaiklib.permculture.ru</i> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Chaykovsky,_Perm_Krai" title="Chaykovsky, Perm Krai">Chaykovsky</a> Centralized Library System. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chaiklib.permculture.ru/%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0-%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0.aspx">the original</a> on 24 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=chaiklib.permculture.ru&rft.atitle=Tchaikovskaya+%28Davydova%29+Alexandra+Ilinichna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchaiklib.permculture.ru%2F%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0-%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJennifer_Fisher2004" class="citation book cs1">Jennifer Fisher (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dji3Weqj2t8C"><i><span></span>'Nutcracker' Nation: How an Old World Ballet Became a Christmas Tradition in the New World</i></a>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-10599-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-10599-5"><bdi>978-0-300-10599-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%27Nutcracker%27+Nation%3A+How+an+Old+World+Ballet+Became+a+Christmas+Tradition+in+the+New+World&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-300-10599-5&rft.au=Jennifer+Fisher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddji3Weqj2t8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kultspargalka.ru/pyat-shedevrov-chajkovskogo-sdelannyh-iz-obychnoj-gammy/">"Шесть шедевров Чайковского, сделанных из обычной гаммы"</a> [Six masterpieces by Tchaikovsky created from the usual scale]. <i>kultspargalka.ru</i> (in Russian). 4 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2020</span>. <q>1. <i>June. Barcarole</i> from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Seasons_(Tchaikovsky)" title="The Seasons (Tchaikovsky)">The Seasons</a></i> 2. 'Adagio' from <i>The Nutcracker</i> 3. Lensky's aria from <i><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Onegin_(opera)" title="Eugene Onegin (opera)">Eugene Onegin</a></i> 4. Serenade for Strings Waltz 5. 'Melodrama' from the music to the play by A. Ostrovsky <i><a href="/wiki/The_Snow_Maiden_(play)" title="The Snow Maiden (play)">The Snow Maiden</a></i> 6. Yeletsky's aria from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Queen_of_Spades_(opera)" title="The Queen of Spades (opera)">The Queen of Spades</a></i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kultspargalka.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%2C+%D1%81%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D1%8B&rft.date=2020-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkultspargalka.ru%2Fpyat-shedevrov-chajkovskogo-sdelannyh-iz-obychnoj-gammy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Tchaikovsky</i> By David Brown W. W. Norton & Company, 1992 page 332</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAppleford2008" class="citation web cs1">Appleford, David (19 December 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120112185620/http://www.kfyi.com/pages/daveappleford.html?article=4754074">"The KEZ Christmas Countdown: Day 19 – The Nutcracker"</a>. Kfyi.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kfyi.com/pages/daveappleford.html?article=4754074">the original</a> on 12 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+KEZ+Christmas+Countdown%3A+Day+19+%E2%80%93+The+Nutcracker&rft.pub=Kfyi.com&rft.date=2008-12-19&rft.aulast=Appleford&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kfyi.com%2Fpages%2Fdaveappleford.html%3Farticle%3D4754074&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-score-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-score_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tchaikovsky, P. (2004). <i>The Nutcracker: Complete Score</i>, Dover Publications.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sugar-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sugar_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sugar_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.art-eda.info/balet-i-kulinariya.html">"Ballet and Food"</a>. <i>art-eda.ru</i> (in Russian). Artoteka of Food. 21 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2020</span>. <q>Russian trepak "Candy Cane" and dance of sugar shepherds "Danish Marzipan"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=art-eda.ru&rft.atitle=Ballet+and+Food&rft.date=2018-11-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.art-eda.info%2Fbalet-i-kulinariya.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rusmonaco.fr/index.php/home/investitsii/item/86-%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5-%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B-%D0%B2-%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE-">"Russian Seasons in Monaco"</a>. <i>rusmonaco.fr</i> (in Russian). Monaco and Cote D'Azur (printed Russian-language newspaper and magazine in Monaco and France)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rusmonaco.fr&rft.atitle=Russian+Seasons+in+Monaco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rusmonaco.fr%2Findex.php%2Fhome%2Finvestitsii%2Fitem%2F86-%25D0%25A0%25D1%2583%25D1%2581%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5-%25D0%25A1%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D1%258B-%25D0%25B2-%25D0%259C%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BE-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/embed/DPenKitWMyM?start=502">"П.Чайковский. Щелкунчик. Дивертисмент. Большой театр. Tchaikovsky. The Nutcracker (1980)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>. Official channel "Soviet Television" by the State TV and Radio Fund of Russia. 11 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 June</span> 2019</span>. <q>The second title is "Датский марципан" – <i>Danish <a href="/wiki/Marzipan" title="Marzipan">marzipan</a></i>. In the <a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker_(Grigorovich)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Nutcracker (Grigorovich)">Grigorovich version</a> for <a href="/wiki/Bolshoi_Theatre" title="Bolshoi Theatre">Bolshoi</a> Theatre the idea of Europe is represented by dance with a marzipan sheep on wheels; Russian dance "Cancy Cane" combines the colors of candy canes and folklore heroes <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Tsarevich" title="Ivan Tsarevich">Ivan Tsarevich</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Frog_Princess" title="The Frog Princess">Vasilisa the Wise</a></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=%D0%9F.%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9.+%D0%A9%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA.+%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82.+%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80.+Tchaikovsky.+The+Nutcracker+%281980%29&rft.date=2018-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fembed%2FDPenKitWMyM%3Fstart%3D502&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexander Poznansky, <i>Tchaikovsky: The Quest for the Inner Man</i>, p. 544</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown, David. <i>Tchaikovsky: The Final Years, 1885-1893</i>. London, 1991; corrected edition 1992: p. 386</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716080313/http://classicalmusic.about.com/od/historyofballet/a/nutcrackerproa.htm">"The Nutcracker Profile: The History of The Nutcracker"</a>. Classicalmusic.about.com. 11 June 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classicalmusic.about.com/od/historyofballet/a/nutcrackerproa.htm">the original</a> on 16 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nutcracker+Profile%3A+The+History+of+The+Nutcracker&rft.pub=Classicalmusic.about.com&rft.date=2010-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclassicalmusic.about.com%2Fod%2Fhistoryofballet%2Fa%2Fnutcrackerproa.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discogs.com/Freddy-Martin-And-His-Orchestra-Tschaikowskys-Nutracker-Suite-In-Dance-Tempo/release/1170451">"Freddy Martin And His Orchestra – Tschaikowsky's <i>Nutracker Suite</i> In Dance Tempo"</a>. <i>Discogs</i>. 13 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Discogs&rft.atitle=Freddy+Martin+And+His+Orchestra+%E2%80%93+Tschaikowsky%27s+Nutracker+Suite+In+Dance+Tempo&rft.date=2023-12-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.discogs.com%2FFreddy-Martin-And-His-Orchestra-Tschaikowskys-Nutracker-Suite-In-Dance-Tempo%2Frelease%2F1170451&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/Fred-Waring-And-His-Pennsylvanians-Nutcracker-Suite/release/5554068">"Fred Waring & the Pennsylvanians – <i>Nutcracker Suite</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Discogs" title="Discogs">Discogs</a></i>. 13 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Discogs&rft.atitle=Fred+Waring+%26+the+Pennsylvanians+%E2%80%93+Nutcracker+Suite&rft.date=2023-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.discogs.com%2FFred-Waring-And-His-Pennsylvanians-Nutcracker-Suite%2Frelease%2F5554068&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/index.php/matrix/detail/2000273186/L_6763-Nutcracker_suite_part_1">"Discography of American Historical Recordings, s.v. "Decca matrix L 6763. Nutcracker suite, part 1 / Les Brown and his Band of Renown," accessed December 19, 2020"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Discography+of+American+Historical+Recordings%2C+s.v.+%22Decca+matrix+L+6763.+Nutcracker+suite%2C+part+1+%2F+Les+Brown+and+his+Band+of+Renown%2C%22+accessed+December+19%2C+2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadp.library.ucsb.edu%2Findex.php%2Fmatrix%2Fdetail%2F2000273186%2FL_6763-Nutcracker_suite_part_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.depanorama.net/index.htm">"A Duke Ellington Panorama"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Harlem+Nutcracker&rft.pub=Susan+Kuklin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsusankuklin.com%2Fthe_harlem_nutcracker_18698.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Nutcracker-Suite-Other-Innocent-Verses/dp/B0007DRA1C"><i>The New Nutcracker Suite and Other Innocent Verses: Ogden Nash, Ivan Chermayeff</i></a>. Little, Brown and Company. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Republic&rft.atitle=Sorry%2C+%27The+Nutcracker%27+Is+Racist&rft.date=2014-12-24&rft.aulast=Robb&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewrepublic.com%2Farticle%2F120640%2Fnutcracker-racist-chinese-tea-arabian-coffee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fisher-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fisher_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fisher_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher2018" class="citation news cs1">Fisher, Jennifer (11 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-fisher-nutcracker-chinese-dance-revisionism-20181211-story.html">"Op-Ed: 'Yellowface' in 'The Nutcracker' isn't a benign ballet tradition, it's racist stereotyping"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Tchaikovsky took a Georgian lullaby for the Arabian Dance...It’s a Georgian melody, not Arabian..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Macaulay-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Macaulay_83-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Macaulay_83-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Macaulay_83-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacaulay2012" class="citation news cs1">Macaulay, Alastair (6 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/06/arts/dance/ballet-clings-to-racial-ethnic-and-national-stereotypes.html">"Stereotypes in Toeshoes"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Solon&rft.atitle=%22The+Nutcracker%27s%22+disturbing+origin+story%3A+Why+this+was+once+the+world%27s+creepiest+ballet&rft.date=2014-12-25&rft.aulast=O%27Connell&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2F2014%2F12%2F24%2Fthe_nutcrackers_disturbing_origin_story_why_this_was_once_the_worlds_creepiest_ballet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreud1919" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Freud, Sigmund</a> (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.mit.edu/allanmc/www/freud1.pdf">"The Uncanny"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Uncanny&rft.date=1919&rft.aulast=Freud&rft.aufirst=Sigmund&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.mit.edu%2Fallanmc%2Fwww%2Ffreud1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://siouxlandobserver.blogspot.com/2019/12/nutcracker-ballet-101.html">"Nutcracker Ballet 101"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nutcracker+Ballet+101&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsiouxlandobserver.blogspot.com%2F2019%2F12%2Fnutcracker-ballet-101.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://youtube.com/embed/gVIQDaI-emc?start=67">"Reklamka Vimto i Frut'n'Nuts (1994)"</a> (in Russian). YouTube channel "towaroved"<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reklamka+Vimto+i+Frut%27n%27Nuts+%281994%29&rft.pub=YouTube+channel+%22towaroved%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyoutube.com%2Fembed%2FgVIQDaI-emc%3Fstart%3D67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Nutcracker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Nutcracker&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:The_Nutcracker" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:The Nutcracker">The Nutcracker</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="https://imslp.org/wiki/The_Nutcracker_(ballet),_Op.71_(Tchaikovsky,_Pyotr)" class="extiw" title="scores:The Nutcracker (ballet), Op.71 (Tchaikovsky, Pyotr)">The Nutcracker (ballet)</a>: Scores at the <a href="/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project" title="International Music Score Library Project">International Music Score Library Project</a></li> <li><a href="https://imslp.org/wiki/The_Nutcracker_(suite),_Op.71a_(Tchaikovsky,_Pyotr)" class="extiw" title="scores:The Nutcracker (suite), Op.71a (Tchaikovsky, Pyotr)">The Nutcracker (suite)</a>: Scores at the <a href="/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project" title="International Music Score Library Project">International Music Score Library Project</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.tchaikovsky-research.net/pages/The_Nutcracker">Tchaikovsky Research</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222203538/http://www.kultur-fibel.de/Ballett;Der_Nussknacker,Tschaikowsky.htm">The Nutcracker ballet</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_ballets_and_revivals_of_Marius_Petipa_in_Russia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ballets_of_Marius_Petipa" title="Template:Ballets of Marius Petipa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ballets_of_Marius_Petipa" title="Template talk:Ballets of Marius Petipa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ballets_of_Marius_Petipa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ballets of Marius Petipa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_ballets_and_revivals_of_Marius_Petipa_in_Russia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The ballets and revivals of <a href="/wiki/Marius_Petipa" title="Marius Petipa">Marius Petipa</a> in Russia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1847–59</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Paquita" title="Paquita">Paquita</a></i> (*1847, *1881)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Diable_amoureux_(ballet)" title="Le Diable amoureux (ballet)">Le Diable amoureux (as "Satanella")</a></i> (*1848)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leda,_the_Swiss_Milkmaid" class="mw-redirect" title="Leda, the Swiss Milkmaid">Leda, the Swiss Milkmaid</a></i> (1849)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Giselle" title="Giselle">Giselle</a></i> (*1850, *1884, *1899, *1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Etoile_de_Grenade" title="L'Etoile de Grenade">The Star of Granada</a></i> (1855)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Rose,_la_violette_et_le_papillon" title="La Rose, la violette et le papillon">The Rose, the Violet, and the Butterfly</a></i> (1857)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Corsaire" title="Le Corsaire">Le Corsaire</a></i> (*1858, *1863, *1868, *1885, *1899)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Marriage_During_the_Regency" title="A Marriage During the Regency">A Marriage During the Regency</a></i> (1858)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Parisian_Market_or_Le_March%C3%A9_des_Innocents" title="The Parisian Market or Le Marché des Innocents">The Parisian Market</a></i> (1859, *1861)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1860–79</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Dahlia_(ballet)" title="The Blue Dahlia (ballet)">The Blue Dahlia</a></i> (1860, *1875)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Terpsichore_(Petipa/Pugni)" class="mw-redirect" title="Terpsichore (Petipa/Pugni)">Terpsichore</a></i> (1861)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Pharaoh%27s_Daughter" title="The Pharaoh's Daughter">The Pharaoh's Daughter</a></i> (1862, *1885, *1898)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Beauty_of_Lebanon_or_The_Mountain_Spirit" title="The Beauty of Lebanon or The Mountain Spirit">The Beauty of Lebanon</a></i> (1863)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Traveling_Dancer" title="The Traveling Dancer">The Traveling Dancer</a></i> (1864)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Florida_(Petipa/Pugni)" class="mw-redirect" title="Florida (Petipa/Pugni)">Florida</a></i> (1866)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Titania_(ballet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Titania (ballet)">Titania</a></i> (1866)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Faust_(ballet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Faust (ballet)">Faust</a></i> (*1867)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Benevolent_Cupid" title="The Benevolent Cupid">The Benevolent Cupid </a></i> (1868)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Slave_(Petipa/Pugni)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Slave (Petipa/Pugni)">The Slave</a></i> (1868)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tsar_Kandavl_or_Le_Roi_Candaule" title="Tsar Kandavl or Le Roi Candaule">Le Roi Candaule</a></i> (1868, *1891, *1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote_(ballet)" title="Don Quixote (ballet)">Don Quixote</a></i> (1869, *1871)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trilby_(ballet)" title="Trilby (ballet)">Trilby</a></i> (1870)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Catarina_or_La_Fille_du_Bandit" title="Catarina or La Fille du Bandit">Catarina</a></i> (*1870)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Two_Stars" title="The Two Stars">The Two Stars</a></i> (1871)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Camargo_(ballet)" title="Camargo (ballet)">Camargo</a></i> (1872)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Papillon_(ballet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Papillon (ballet)">Le Papillon</a></i> (*1874)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ondine,_ou_La_na%C3%AFade" title="Ondine, ou La naïade">Ondine (as "The Naiad and the Fisherman")</a></i> (*1874, *1892)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bandits_(ballet)" title="The Bandits (ballet)">The Bandits</a></i> (1875)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Aventures_de_P%C3%A9l%C3%A9e" title="Les Aventures de Pélée">The Adventures of Peleus</a></i> (1876, *1897)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Bayad%C3%A8re" title="La Bayadère">La Bayadère</a></i> (1877, *1900)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roxana,_the_Beauty_of_Montenegro" title="Roxana, the Beauty of Montenegro">Roxana</a></i> (1878)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ariadne_(ballet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariadne (ballet)">Ariadne</a></i> (1878)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daughter_of_the_Snows" title="The Daughter of the Snows">The Daughter of the Snows</a></i> (1879)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frizak_the_Barber" title="Frizak the Barber">Frizak the Barber</a></i> (1879)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mlada_(ballet)" title="Mlada (ballet)">Mlada</a></i> (1879, *1896)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1880–99</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/La_fille_du_Danube" title="La fille du Danube">La Fille du Danube</a></i> (*1880)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zoraiya" title="Zoraiya">Zoraiya</a></i> (1881)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Vivandi%C3%A8re_or_Markitenka" title="La Vivandière or Markitenka">La Vivandière (as "Markitenka")</a></i> (*1881)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A2querette" title="Pâquerette">Pâquerette</a></i> (*1882)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_and_Day_(ballet)" title="Night and Day (ballet)">The Night and the Day</a></i> (1883)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pygmalion,_ou_La_Statue_de_Chypre" title="Pygmalion, ou La Statue de Chypre">Pygmalion</a></i> (1883)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Copp%C3%A9lia" title="Coppélia">Coppélia</a></i> (*1884)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Giselle" title="Giselle">Giselle</a></i> (*1884, 1899, 1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_diable_%C3%A0_quatre_(ballet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Le diable à quatre (ballet)">Le Diable à Quatre (as "The Willful Wife")</a></i> (*1885)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_fille_mal_gard%C3%A9e" title="La fille mal gardée">La Fille Mal Gardée</a></i> (*1885)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Pills" title="The Magic Pills">The Magic Pills</a></i> (1886)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_Command_or_The_Pupils_of_Dupr%C3%A9" title="The King's Command or The Pupils of Dupré">The King's Command</a></i> (1886, *1887, *1900)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Esmeralda_(ballet)" title="La Esmeralda (ballet)">La Esmeralda</a></i> (*1886, *1899)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sacrifices_to_Cupid" title="The Sacrifices to Cupid">The Sacrifices to Cupid</a></i> (1886)</li> <li>* <i><a href="/wiki/Fiametta" title="Fiametta">Fiametta</a></i> (1887)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Vestal" title="The Vestal">The Vestal</a></i> (1888)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Talisman_(ballet)" title="The Talisman (ballet)">The Talisman</a></i> (1889, *1895)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Enchanted_Forest_(ballet)" title="The Enchanted Forest (ballet)">The Enchanted Forest</a></i> (*1889)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Whims_of_the_Butterfly" title="The Whims of the Butterfly">The Caprices of a Butterfly</a></i> (1889, *1895)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sleeping_Beauty_(ballet)" title="The Sleeping Beauty (ballet)">The Sleeping Beauty</a></i> (1890)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9nuphar" title="Nénuphar">Nénuphar</a></i> (1890)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kalkabrino" title="Kalkabrino">Kalkabrino</a></i> (1891)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Fairy_Tale_(ballet)" title="A Fairy Tale (ballet)">A Fairy Tale</a></i> (1891)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Sylphide" title="La Sylphide">La Sylphide</a></i> (*1892)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Nutcracker</a></i> (1892)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_(Fitinhof-Scheel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinderella (Fitinhof-Scheel)">Cinderella</a></i> (1893)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_R%C3%A9veil_de_Flore" title="Le Réveil de Flore">The Awakening of Flora</a></i> (1894)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Swan_Lake_(1895)" title="Swan Lake (1895)">Swan Lake</a></i> (*1895)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Little_Humpbacked_Horse_(ballet)" title="The Little Humpbacked Horse (ballet)">The Little Humpbacked Horse (as "The Tsar Maiden")</a></i> (*1895)</li> <li><i>The Cavalry Halt</i> (1896)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Perle_(ballet)" title="La Perle (ballet)">The Pearl</a></i> (1896)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bluebeard_(ballet)" title="Bluebeard (ballet)">Bluebeard</a></i> (1896)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Raymonda" title="Raymonda">Raymonda</a></i> (1898)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1900–03</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Les Ruses d'Amour or The Trial of Damis</i> (1900)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Seasons_(ballet)" title="The Seasons (ballet)">The Seasons</a></i> (1900)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_Millions_d%27Arlequin" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Millions d'Arlequin">Harlequinade</a></i> (1900)</li> <li><i>The Heart of the Marquis</i> (1902)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Magic_Mirror_(ballet)" title="The Magic Mirror (ballet)">The Magic Mirror</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i>The Romance of the Rosebud and the Butterfly</i> (never presented)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>an asterisk * indicates a revival.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256394678">@media screen{.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-solo .navbox-title{background-color:#f0e68c}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-non-vocal .navbox-title{background-color:#f4bf92}.mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Template:Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Template talk:Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky">Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="List of compositions by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky">List of compositions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Music of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky">Musical style</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symphonies_by_Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Symphonies by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky">Symphonies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky_and_The_Five" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and The Five">The Five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky_and_the_Belyayev_circle" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and the Belyayev circle">Belyayev circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Death of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky">Death</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Voyevoda_(opera)" title="The Voyevoda (opera)">The Voyevoda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Undina_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Undina (Tchaikovsky)">Undina</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Oprichnik" title="The Oprichnik">The Oprichnik</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vakula_the_Smith" title="Vakula the Smith">Vakula the Smith</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Onegin_(opera)" title="Eugene Onegin (opera)">Eugene Onegin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Maid_of_Orleans_(opera)" title="The Maid of Orleans (opera)">The Maid of Orleans</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mazeppa_(opera)" title="Mazeppa (opera)">Mazepa (or Mazeppa)</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cherevichki" title="Cherevichki">Cherevichki</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Enchantress_(opera)" title="The Enchantress (opera)">The Enchantress</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Queen_of_Spades_(opera)" title="The Queen of Spades (opera)">The Queen of Spades</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iolanta" title="Iolanta">Iolanta</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ballets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Swan_Lake" title="Swan Lake">Swan Lake</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sleeping_Beauty_(ballet)" title="The Sleeping Beauty (ballet)">The Sleeping Beauty</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Nutcracker</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symphonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._1_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Symphony No. 1 (Tchaikovsky)">No. 1 in G minor</a> (<i>Winter Daydreams</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._2_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Symphony No. 2 (Tchaikovsky)">No. 2 in C minor</a> (<i>Little Russian</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._3_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Symphony No. 3 (Tchaikovsky)">No. 3 in D major</a> (<i>Polish</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._4_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Symphony No. 4 (Tchaikovsky)">No. 4 in F minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Symphony" title="Manfred Symphony">Symphony in B minor</a> (<i>Manfred</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._5_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Symphony No. 5 (Tchaikovsky)">No. 5 in E minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._6_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Symphony No. 6 (Tchaikovsky)">No. 6 in B minor</a> (<i>Pathétique</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_in_E-flat_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Symphony in E-flat (Tchaikovsky)">Symphony in E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> major</a> <small>(unfinished)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concertante</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Concerto_No._1_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Piano Concerto No. 1 (Tchaikovsky)">Piano Concerto No. 1 in B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Concerto_No._2_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Piano Concerto No. 2 (Tchaikovsky)">Piano Concerto No. 2 in G major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Concerto_No._3_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Piano Concerto No. 3 (Tchaikovsky)">Piano Concerto No. 3 in E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concert_Fantasia_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Concert Fantasia (Tchaikovsky)"><i>Concert Fantasia</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Andante_and_Finale" title="Andante and Finale">Andante and Finale</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9r%C3%A9nade_m%C3%A9lancolique" title="Sérénade mélancolique">Sérénade mélancolique</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valse-Scherzo_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Valse-Scherzo (Tchaikovsky)"><i>Valse-Scherzo</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violin_Concerto_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Violin Concerto (Tchaikovsky)">Violin Concerto in D major</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Variations_on_a_Rococo_Theme" title="Variations on a Rococo Theme">Variations on a Rococo Theme</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pezzo_capriccioso" title="Pezzo capriccioso">Pezzo capriccioso</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cello_Concerto_(Tchaikovsky/Leonovich)" title="Cello Concerto (Tchaikovsky/Leonovich)">Cello Concerto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orchestral works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Romeo and Juliet (Tchaikovsky)">Romeo and Juliet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tempest_(Tchaikovsky)" title="The Tempest (Tchaikovsky)">The Tempest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Hamlet (Tchaikovsky)">Hamlet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Capriccio_Italien" title="Capriccio Italien">Capriccio Italien</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Francesca_da_Rimini_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Francesca da Rimini (Tchaikovsky)">Francesca da Rimini</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Storm_(Tchaikovsky)" title="The Storm (Tchaikovsky)">The Storm</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fatum_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Fatum (Tchaikovsky)"><i>Fatum</i></a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Voyevoda_(symphonic_ballad)" title="The Voyevoda (symphonic ballad)">The Voyevoda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/1812_Overture" title="1812 Overture">1812 Overture</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marche_slave" title="Marche slave">Marche slave</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Festival_Overture_on_the_Danish_National_Anthem" title="Festival Overture on the Danish National Anthem">Festival Overture on the Danish National Anthem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Festival_Coronation_March" title="Festival Coronation March">Festival Coronation March</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestral_Suite_No._1_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Orchestral Suite No. 1 (Tchaikovsky)">Orchestral Suite No. 1 in D minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestral_Suite_No._2_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Orchestral Suite No. 2 (Tchaikovsky)">Orchestral Suite No. 2 in C major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestral_Suite_No._3_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Orchestral Suite No. 3 (Tchaikovsky)">Orchestral Suite No. 3 in G major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchestral_Suite_No._4_Mozartiana_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Orchestral Suite No. 4 Mozartiana (Tchaikovsky)">Orchestral Suite No. 4 in G major</a> (<i>Mozartiana</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serenade_for_Strings_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Serenade for Strings (Tchaikovsky)">Serenade for Strings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vocal music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Liturgy_of_St._John_Chrysostom_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom (Tchaikovsky)">Liturgy of St John Chrysostom</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All-Night_Vigil_(Tchaikovsky)" title="All-Night Vigil (Tchaikovsky)">All-Night Vigil</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moscow_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Moscow (Tchaikovsky)">Moscow</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Six_Romances,_Opus_38_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Six Romances, Opus 38 (Tchaikovsky)">Six Romances</a></i> (Op. 38)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chamber music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quartet_Movement_in_B-flat_major_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Quartet Movement in B-flat major (Tchaikovsky)">Quartet Movement in B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._1_(Tchaikovsky)" title="String Quartet No. 1 (Tchaikovsky)">String Quartet No. 1 in D major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._2_(Tchaikovsky)" title="String Quartet No. 2 (Tchaikovsky)">String Quartet No. 2 in F major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._3_(Tchaikovsky)" title="String Quartet No. 3 (Tchaikovsky)">String Quartet No. 3 in E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">♭</span></span> minor</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Souvenir_d%27un_lieu_cher" title="Souvenir d'un lieu cher">Souvenir d'un lieu cher</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Trio_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Piano Trio (Tchaikovsky)">Piano Trio in A minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Souvenir_de_Florence" title="Souvenir de Florence">String Sextet in D minor (<i>Souvenir de Florence</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Piano music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Scherzo_%C3%A0_la_russe_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Scherzo à la russe (Tchaikovsky)">Scherzo à la russe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Souvenir_de_Hapsal" title="Souvenir de Hapsal">Souvenir de Hapsal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Seasons_(Tchaikovsky)" title="The Seasons (Tchaikovsky)">The Seasons</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_in_G_major_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Piano Sonata in G major (Tchaikovsky)">Grand Piano Sonata in G major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_in_C-sharp_minor_(Tchaikovsky)" title="Piano Sonata in C-sharp minor (Tchaikovsky)">Piano Sonata No. 2 in C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">♯</span></span> minor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portrayals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tchaikovsky_(film)" title="Tchaikovsky (film)">Tchaikovsky</a></i> (1970 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Music_Lovers" title="The Music Lovers">The Music Lovers</a></i> (1971 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modest_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Modest Ilyich Tchaikovsky">Modest Ilyich Tchaikovsky</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Davydov" title="Vladimir Davydov">Vladimir Davydov</a> (nephew)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonina_Miliukova" title="Antonina Miliukova">Antonina Miliukova</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadezhda_von_Meck" title="Nadezhda von Meck">Nadezhda von Meck</a> (patron)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky_in_media" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in media">In popular media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tchaikovsky_State_House-Museum" title="Tchaikovsky State House-Museum">Tchaikovsky State House-Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tchaikovsky_Museum_(Votkinsk)" title="Tchaikovsky Museum (Votkinsk)">Tchaikovsky Museum (Votkinsk)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Conservatory" title="Moscow Conservatory">Moscow State Tchaikovsky Conservatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tchaikovsky_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Tchaikovsky Symphony Orchestra">Tchaikovsky Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaikovskij_(crater)" title="Chaikovskij (crater)">Chaikovskij (crater)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Tchaikovsky_Competition" title="International Tchaikovsky Competition">International Tchaikovsky Competition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Tchaikovsky_Competition_for_Young_Musicians" title="International Tchaikovsky Competition for Young Musicians">International Tchaikovsky Competition for Young Musicians</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Life_(Tchaikovsky%27s_unfinished_symphony)" title="Life (Tchaikovsky's unfinished symphony)">Life</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Category:Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky">Category</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Loudspeaker.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="sound icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/16px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/24px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/32px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Audio_files_of_music_by_Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Audio files of music by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky">Audio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="E._T._A._Hoffmann&#039;s_&quot;The_Nutcracker_and_the_Mouse_King&quot;_(1816)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:The_Nutcracker" title="Template:The Nutcracker"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:The_Nutcracker" title="Template talk:The Nutcracker"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:The_Nutcracker" title="Special:EditPage/Template:The Nutcracker"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="E._T._A._Hoffmann&#039;s_&quot;The_Nutcracker_and_the_Mouse_King&quot;_(1816)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/E._T._A._Hoffmann" title="E. T. A. Hoffmann">E. T. A. Hoffmann</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker_and_the_Mouse_King" title="The Nutcracker and the Mouse King">The Nutcracker and the Mouse King</a>" (1816)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ballet</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Nutcracker</a></i> (Tchaikovsky)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker_(Willam_Christensen)" title="The Nutcracker (Willam Christensen)">The Nutcracker</a></i> (Christensen)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker_(Balanchine)" title="The Nutcracker (Balanchine)">The Nutcracker</a></i> (Balanchine)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker_Suite_(Duke_Ellington_album)" title="The Nutcracker Suite (Duke Ellington album)"><i>The Nutcracker Suite</i></a> (Ellington)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker_Suite_(Tim_Sparks_album)" title="The Nutcracker Suite (Tim Sparks album)"><i>The Nutcracker Suite</i></a> (Sparks)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Nut_Rocker" title="Nut Rocker">Nut Rocker</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker_(1973_film)" title="The Nutcracker (1973 film)">The Nutcracker</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nutcracker_Fantasy" title="Nutcracker Fantasy">Nutcracker Fantasy</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Care_Bears_Nutcracker_Suite" title="Care Bears Nutcracker Suite">Care Bears Nutcracker Suite</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker_Prince" title="The Nutcracker Prince">The Nutcracker Prince</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nuttiest_Nutcracker" title="The Nuttiest Nutcracker">The Nuttiest Nutcracker</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barbie_in_the_Nutcracker" title="Barbie in the Nutcracker">Barbie in the Nutcracker</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tom_and_Jerry:_A_Nutcracker_Tale" title="Tom and Jerry: A Nutcracker Tale">Tom and Jerry: A Nutcracker Tale</a></i> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live action</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker_(1967_film)" title="The Nutcracker (1967 film)">The Nutcracker</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nutcracker:_The_Motion_Picture" title="Nutcracker: The Motion Picture">Nutcracker: The Motion Picture</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker_(1993_film)" title="The Nutcracker (1993 film)">The Nutcracker</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_IMAX_Nutcracker" title="The IMAX Nutcracker">The IMAX Nutcracker</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker_in_3D" title="The Nutcracker in 3D">The Nutcracker in 3D</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nutcracker_and_the_Four_Realms" title="The Nutcracker and the Four Realms">The Nutcracker and the Four Realms</a></i> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hard_Nut" title="The Hard Nut">The Hard Nut</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Nutcracker" title="Indian Nutcracker">Indian Nutcracker</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trepak_(The_Nutcracker)" title="Trepak (The Nutcracker)">Trepak</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Slutcracker" title="The Slutcracker">The Slutcracker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Holiday_for_Shoestrings" title="Holiday for Shoestrings">Holiday for Shoestrings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_(1940_film)" title="Fantasia (1940 film)">Fantasia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_productions_of_The_Nutcracker" title="List of productions of The Nutcracker">List of productions</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ballerina_(2016_film)" title="Ballerina (2016 film)">Ballerina</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Fantasia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Disney%27s_Fantasia" title="Template:Disney's Fantasia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Disney%27s_Fantasia" title="Template talk:Disney's Fantasia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Disney%27s_Fantasia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Disney's Fantasia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Fantasia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_(franchise)" title="Fantasia (franchise)">Fantasia</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_(1940_film)" title="Fantasia (1940 film)">Fantasia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_2000" title="Fantasia 2000">Fantasia 2000</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_2000_(soundtrack)" title="Fantasia 2000 (soundtrack)">soundtrack</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conductors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Stokowski" title="Leopold Stokowski">Leopold Stokowski</a> (<i>Fantasia</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irwin_Kostal" title="Irwin Kostal">Irwin Kostal</a> (1982 digital re-recording)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Levine" title="James Levine">James Levine</a> (<i>Fantasia 2000</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orchestras</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Orchestra" title="Philadelphia Orchestra">Philadelphia Orchestra</a> (<i>Fantasia</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Chicago Symphony Orchestra">Chicago Symphony Orchestra</a> (<i>Fantasia 2000</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Segments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Fantasia</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toccata_and_Fugue_in_D_minor,_BWV_565" title="Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565">Toccata and Fugue in D minor</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Nutcracker Suite</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sorcerer%27s_Apprentice_(Dukas)" title="The Sorcerer's Apprentice (Dukas)">The Sorcerer's Apprentice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rite_of_Spring" title="The Rite of Spring">The Rite of Spring</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._6_(Beethoven)" title="Symphony No. 6 (Beethoven)">Symphony No. 6 (Beethoven)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dance_of_the_Hours" title="Dance of the Hours">Dance of the Hours</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_on_Bald_Mountain" title="Night on Bald Mountain">Night on Bald Mountain</a></i>/<i><a href="/wiki/Ave_Maria_(Schubert)" title="Ave Maria (Schubert)">Ave Maria</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Fantasia 2000</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._5_(Beethoven)" title="Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven)">Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pines_of_Rome" title="Pines of Rome">Pines of Rome</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhapsody_in_Blue" title="Rhapsody in Blue">Rhapsody in Blue</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Concerto_No._2_(Shostakovich)" title="Piano Concerto No. 2 (Shostakovich)">Piano Concerto No. 2 (Shostakovich)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Carnival_of_the_Animals" title="The Carnival of the Animals">The Carnival of the Animals</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sorcerer%27s_Apprentice_(Dukas)" title="The Sorcerer's Apprentice (Dukas)">The Sorcerer's Apprentice</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomp_and_Circumstance_Marches" title="Pomp and Circumstance Marches">Pomp and Circumstance Marches</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Firebird" title="The Firebird">The Firebird Suite</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Fantasia_(franchise)_characters" title="List of Fantasia (franchise) characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Mouse" title="Mickey Mouse">Mickey Mouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Duck" title="Donald Duck">Donald Duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_Duck" title="Daisy Duck">Daisy Duck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sorcerer%27s_Apprentice_(Atari_2600)" title="Sorcerer's Apprentice (Atari 2600)">Sorcerer's Apprentice</a></i> (1983)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_(video_game)" title="Fantasia (video game)">Fantasia</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fantasia:_Music_Evolved" title="Fantasia: Music Evolved">Fantasia: Music Evolved</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Related" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts" title="Kingdom Hearts">Kingdom Hearts</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Hearts_3D:_Dream_Drop_Distance" title="Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop Distance">Dream Drop Distance</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epic_Mickey" title="Epic Mickey">Epic Mickey</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Disney_Magical_World" title="Disney Magical World">Disney Magical World</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Disney_Infinity_(video_game)" title="Disney Infinity (video game)">Disney Infinity</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Corny_Concerto" title="A Corny Concerto">A Corny Concerto</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gumbasia" title="Gumbasia">Gumbasia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Allegro_Non_Troppo" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegro Non Troppo">Allegro Non Troppo</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fantasmic!" title="Fantasmic!">Fantasmic!</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorcerer%27s_Hat" title="Sorcerer's Hat">Sorcerer's Hat</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mickey%27s_PhilharMagic" title="Mickey's PhilharMagic">Mickey's PhilharMagic</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasia_Gardens" title="Fantasia Gardens">Fantasia Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasound" title="Fantasound">Fantasound</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Destino" title="Destino">Destino</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_(film)" title="Lorenzo (film)">Lorenzo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/One_by_One_(2004_film)" title="One by One (2004 film)">One by One</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Little_Matchgirl_(2006_film)" title="The Little Matchgirl (2006 film)">The Little Matchgirl</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sorcerer%27s_Apprentice_(2010_film)" title="The Sorcerer's Apprentice (2010 film)">The Sorcerer's Apprentice</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Studio" title="Once Upon a Studio">Once Upon a Studio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_(TV_series)" title="Once Upon a Time (TV series)">Once Upon a Time</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_(season_4)" class="mw-redirect" title="Once Upon a Time (season 4)">season 4</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ten_Pieces" title="Ten Pieces">Ten Pieces</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deems_Taylor" title="Deems Taylor">Deems Taylor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Fantasia_(franchise)" title="Category:Fantasia (franchise)">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193705#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193705#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193705#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://libris.kb.se/zw9ccxqh3vtg4x4">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007583411605171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058513451906706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Щелкунчик, op. 71 (The Nutcracker)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/work/f3281e81-eea2-409f-88b8-9e1e1de5ca10">MusicBrainz work</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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