Physics | CERN

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# "> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <script>var _paq = _paq || [];(function(){var u=(("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://webanalytics.web.cern.ch/" : "http://webanalytics.web.cern.ch/");_paq.push(["setSiteId", "22"]);_paq.push(["setTrackerUrl", u+"matomo.php"]);_paq.push(["setDoNotTrack", 1]);if (!window.matomo_search_results_active) {_paq.push(["trackPageView"]);}_paq.push(["setIgnoreClasses", ["no-tracking","colorbox"]]);_paq.push(["enableLinkTracking"]);var d=document,g=d.createElement("script"),s=d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];g.type="text/javascript";g.defer=true;g.async=true;g.src=u+"matomo.js";s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s);})();</script> <meta name="keywords" content="physics, CERN, Large Hadron Collider, LHC, high-energy physics, particles, science" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://home.cern/science/physics" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="icon" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernpublic/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://home.cern/science/physics" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="fr" href="https://home.cern/fr/science/physics" /> <title>Physics | CERN</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/cern-loading/css/cern_loading.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/js/owlcarousel/css/owl.carousel.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/js/owlcarousel/css/owl.theme.default.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/align.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/fieldgroup.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/container-inline.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/clearfix.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/details.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/hidden.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/item-list.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/js.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/nowrap.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/position-container.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/progress.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/reset-appearance.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/resize.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/sticky-header.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-counter.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-report-counters.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-report-general-info.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/tablesort.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/tree-child.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/cern-components/patterns/molecules/row/css/row.component.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/cern-components/patterns/molecules/preview-card/css/component-preview-card.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/cern-components/patterns/molecules/text/css/text.component.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/cern-components/patterns/atoms/background/css/background.component.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/cern-components/patterns/molecules/margin/css/margin.component.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/cern-components/patterns/molecules/header-blocks/css/header_blocks.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/cern-components/patterns/molecules/header-block/css/header-component.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/cern-toolbar/assets/css/screen.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/cern-toolbar/assets/css/cookieconsent.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/custom/cern-components/patterns/molecules/menu/css/menu.component.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/views/css/views.module.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/layout_discovery/layouts/onecol/onecol.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/paragraphs/css/paragraphs.unpublished.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/color/cernpublic-ac827e9a/colors.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/base.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/layout.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/js/prism/prism.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/components/footer.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/components/header.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/components/pagination.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/components/forms.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/components/fields.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/components/dropdown.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/components/progress.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/components/accordion.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/components/social-sharing.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/js/colorbox/colorbox.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/theme.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/cookies.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/viewspage.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/views/faq-views.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/views/agenda-views.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/views/news-views.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/views/stories-views.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/views/resources-views.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/views/taxonomies-views.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/views/search-views.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/views/common-views.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/css/views/generic-views.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernpublic/css/layout.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernpublic/css/overrides.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernpublic/css/header.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernpublic/css/views.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernpublic/css/blocks.css?smqvgl" /> <link rel="preload" href="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/images/loader.gif" as="image"> </head> <body class="page-node-5298 page-node-type-landing_page cern-theme-on path-node page-node-type-landing-page has-glyphicons"> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable skip-link"> Skip to main content </a> <div id="cern-global-loading-layout"><span><span></span></span><span></span></div><div id="cern-toolbar" role="group" aria-label="CERN Toolbar" class="user-not-authenticated"> <h1> <a href="//home.cern" title="CERN"> CERN <span>Accelerating science</span> </a> </h1> <ul> <li class="signin"> <div class="item-list item-list-length-1"> <ul class="cern-signedin toolbar-submenu"><li class="cern-account-links"><a href="https://home.cern/user/login?destination=science/physics" class="cern-account cern-signin cern-single-mobile-signin">Sign in</a></li></ul> </div> </li> <li><a href="//cern.ch/directory" class="cern-directory" title="Search CERN resources and browse the directory">Directory</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <header role="banner"> <div class="header-wrapper"> <div class="site-info col-xs-12 col-sm-2 col-md-3 col-lg-4"> <div class="site-info__logo col-lg-3 col-md-3 col-sm-3"> <a href="/" title="Home" rel="home"> <img src="/sites/default/files/logo/cern-logo.png" alt="home"/> </a> </div> <div class="site-info__text col-lg-9 col-md-9 col-sm-0 col-xs-9"> </div> </div> <div class="site-nav col-xs-12 col-sm-10 col-md-9 col-lg-8"> <div class="region region-header"> <section id="block-cernmegamenu" class="block block-block-content block-block-content51503ac3-f37a-4ef6-9d9e-34cac1020012 clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-field-b-menu field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--item"><nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-mainnavigation-menu" id="block-mainnavigation" class="block-mainnavigation-cern-megamenu"> <nav class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="container-fluid">  <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> </div>  <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="cern-dropdown"> <a class="dropdown-toggle"> About </a> <div class="cern-dropdown-menu row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <div class="block-custom-wrapper block-content block-content--type-basic block-content--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><h2>CERN</h2> <p>At CERN, we probe the fundamental structure of particles that make up everything around us. We do so using the world's largest and most complex scientific instruments.</p> <p class="cern-btn"><a class="cern-btn" href="/about">Know more</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-0 col-sm-0 col-md-8 col-lg-8 col-item-megamenu"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <a href="/about/who-we-are" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5898">Who we are</a> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/about/who-we-are/our-mission" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5273">Our Mission</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/about/who-we-are/our-governance" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5277">Our Governance</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/about/who-we-are/our-governance/member-states" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5278">Our Member States</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/about/who-we-are/our-history" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5028">Our History</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/about/who-we-are/our-people" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5430">Our People</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <a href="/about/what-we-do" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5899">What we do</a> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/about/what-we-do/fundamental-research" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5920">Fundamental research</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/about/what-we-do/our-impact" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5435">Contribute to society</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/about/what-we-do/environmentally-responsible-research" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/185640">Environmentally responsible research</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/about/what-we-do/bring-nations-together" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/157979">Bring nations together</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/about/what-we-do/inspire-educate" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/9390">Inspire and educate</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources/faqs" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources/faqs">Fast facts and FAQs</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/about/key-achievements" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5497">Key Achievements</a> </p> </li> </ul> <div class="block-custom-wrapper block-content block-content--type-basic block-content--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-field-visible-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field--item"> <p>Key achievements submenu</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><ul class="cern-submenu custom-block-submenu"> <li> <p class="cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "><a href="/science/physics/higgs-boson">The Higgs Boson</a></p> </li> <li> <p class="cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "><a href="/science/physics/w-boson-sunshine-and-stardust">The W boson</a></p> </li> <li> <p class="cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "><a href="/science/physics/z-boson">The Z boson</a></p> </li> <li> <p class="cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "><a href="/science/accelerators/large-hadron-collider">The Large Hadron Collider</a></p> </li> <li> <p class="cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "><a href="/science/computing/birth-web">The Birth of the web</a></p> </li> <li> <p class="cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "><a href="/science/physics/antimatter">Antimatter</a></p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="close-cern-dropdown"></div> </div> </li> <li class="cern-dropdown"> <a class="dropdown-toggle"> News </a> <div class="cern-dropdown-menu row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-6 col-lg-6 col-item-megamenu"> <div class="views-element-container form-group"> <div class="view view-cern-news-menu-featured view-id-cern_news_menu_featured view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-dbd5e9d1342d884caa96fd2b16b3e41f524951bba00af24ececc311efd6caccd cern-view-display-block cern-view-display-block_1 clearfix"> <div class="view-header"> Featured news, updates, stories, opinions, announcements </div> <div class="view-content clearfix"> <div class="views-row"> <div data-history-node-id="191265" id="preview-card" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern landing_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-11/202410-267_167.jpg?itok=9FkCAvwX') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-11/202410-267_167.jpg?itok=9FkCAvwX" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern landing_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/press-release/cern/cern-council-selects-mark-thomson-next-director-general-starting-2026"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/press-release/cern/cern-council-selects-mark-thomson-next-director-general-starting-2026" hreflang="en" title="CERN Council selects Mark Thomson as next Director-General, starting in 2026"> <span> CERN Council selects Mark Thomson as next Dir... </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> At CERN </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Press release </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-11-06T11:00:02Z">6 November, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"> <div data-history-node-id="191152" id="preview-card--2" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern landing_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-10/ba1938f2-89a3-4bdd-bd79-5b83ed6f3e35.JPG?itok=Lh4ptU3U') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-10/ba1938f2-89a3-4bdd-bd79-5b83ed6f3e35.JPG?itok=Lh4ptU3U" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern landing_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/news/cern/estonian-flag-raised-cern"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/news/cern/estonian-flag-raised-cern" hreflang="en" title="Estonian flag raised at CERN"> <span> Estonian flag raised at CERN </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> At CERN </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> News </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-10-17T12:33:54Z">17 October, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"> <div data-history-node-id="191124" id="preview-card--3" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern landing_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-10/Picture%201.jpg?itok=YeI6iEmy') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-10/Picture%201.jpg?itok=YeI6iEmy" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern landing_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/press-release/physics/particle-physicists-chart-course-future"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/press-release/physics/particle-physicists-chart-course-future" hreflang="en" title="Particle physicists chart a course to the future"> <span> Particle physicists chart a course to the fut... </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Physics </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Press release </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-10-11T09:08:31Z">11 October, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="views-row"> <div data-history-node-id="191077" id="preview-card--4" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern landing_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-10/10-Family-photo%20%281%29.jpg?itok=UtnK0P4h') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-10/10-Family-photo%20%281%29.jpg?itok=UtnK0P4h" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern landing_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/news/press-release/cern/blowing-out-70-candles-cern-celebrates-seven-decades-discoveries-and-looks"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/news/press-release/cern/blowing-out-70-candles-cern-celebrates-seven-decades-discoveries-and-looks" hreflang="en" title="Blowing out 70 candles: CERN celebrates seven decades of discoveries and looks ahead to a brilliant future of science and innovation"> <span> Blowing out 70 candles: CERN celebrates seven... </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> At CERN </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Press release </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-10-01T10:00:00Z">1 October, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="view-footer"> <p class="cern-btn"><a class="cern-btn" href="/news?audience=23">Latest news</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-0 col-sm-0 col-md-6 col-lg-6 col-item-megamenu"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <a href="/news?audience=23" data-drupal-link-query="{"audience":"23"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">News</a> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/news?topic=1114" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1114"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">Accelerators</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/news?topic=1118" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1118"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">At CERN</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/news?topic=1116" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1116"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">Computing</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/news?topic=1115" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1115"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">Engineering</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/news?topic=1117" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1117"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">Experiments</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/news?topic=1119" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1119"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">Knowledge sharing</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/news?topic=1113" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1113"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">Physics</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/events" data-drupal-link-system-path="events">Events</a> </p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <a href="/cern-community" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5872">CERN Community</a> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/news?audience=24" data-drupal-link-query="{"audience":"24"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">News and announcements</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/news?type=45" data-drupal-link-query="{"type":"45"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">Official communications</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/tags/events-cern" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/494">Events</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <a href="/scientists" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5827">Scientists</a> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/news?audience=19" data-drupal-link-query="{"audience":"19"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="news">News</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/press" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5032">Press Room</a> </p> </li> </ul> <div class="block-custom-wrapper block-content block-content--type-basic block-content--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-field-visible-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field--item"> <p>Press Room submenu</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><ul class="cern-submenu custom-block-submenu"> <li> <p class="cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "><a href="/news?audience=22">Media News</a></p> </li> <li> <p class="cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "><a href="/press/resources">Resources</a></p> </li> <li> <p class="cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "><a href="/press/contact">Contact</a></p> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="close-cern-dropdown"></div> </div> </li> <li class="cern-dropdown"> <a class="dropdown-toggle"> Science </a> <div class="cern-dropdown-menu row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-3 col-lg-3 col-item-megamenu"> <div class="block-custom-wrapper block-content block-content--type-basic block-content--view-mode-default ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><h2>Science</h2> <p><img alt="img" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="948207c4-d66f-492e-9f8a-3e9a1aa3b55f" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/pkatyaya/1209226_01-A5-at-72-dpi.jpg" width="561" height="377" loading="lazy"></p> <p>The research programme at CERN covers topics from kaons to cosmic rays, and from the Standard Model to supersymmetry</p> <p class="cern-btn"><a href="/science">Know more</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-0 col-sm-0 col-md-9 col-lg-9 col-item-megamenu"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <a href="/science/physics" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5298" class="is-active">Physics</a> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/physics/antimatter" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5026">Antimatter</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/physics/dark-matter" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/497">Dark matter</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/physics/early-universe" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/499">The early universe</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/physics/higgs-boson" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/182651">The Higgs boson</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/physics/standard-model" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/496">The Standard Model</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/physics" class="plus-more-link is-active" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5298">+ More</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <a href="/science/accelerators" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5038">Accelerators</a> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/accelerators/accelerator-complex" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/18036">CERN's accelerators</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/accelerators/antiproton-decelerator" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/428">The Antiproton Decelerator</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/accelerators/large-hadron-collider" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/432">The Large Hadron Collider</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/accelerators/high-luminosity-lhc" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5248">High-Luminosity LHC</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/accelerators" class="plus-more-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5038">+ More</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <a href="/science/engineering" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5304">Engineering</a> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/engineering/accelerating-radiofrequency-cavities" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/455">Accelerating: radiofrequency cavities</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/engineering/pulling-together-superconducting-electromagnets" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/452">Steering and focusing: magnets and superconductivity</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/engineering/vacuum-empty-interstellar-space" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/454">Circulating: ultra-high vacuum</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/engineering/cryogenics-low-temperatures-high-performance" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/451">Cooling: cryogenic systems</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/engineering/powering-cern" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/453">Powering: energy at CERN</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/engineering" class="plus-more-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5304">+ More</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <a href="/science/computing" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5732">Computing</a> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/computing/data-centre" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5733">The CERN Data Centre</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/computing/grid" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5736">The Worldwide LHC Computing Grid</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/computing/cern-openlab" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5759">CERN openlab</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/computing/open-source-open-science" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5747">Open source for open science</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/computing/birth-web" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5762">The birth of the web</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/computing" class="plus-more-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5732">+ More</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <a href="/science/experiments" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5303">Experiments</a> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/experiments/alice" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/470">ALICE</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/experiments/atlas" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/471">ATLAS</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/experiments/cms" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/472">CMS</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/experiments/lhcb" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/473">LHCb</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/science/experiments" class="plus-more-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5303">+ More</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="close-cern-dropdown"></div> </div> </li> <li class="cern-dropdown"> <a class="dropdown-toggle"> Resources </a> <div class="cern-dropdown-menu row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-6 col-lg-6 col-item-megamenu"> <div class="views-element-container form-group"> <div class="view view-resource-menu-content view-id-resource_menu_content view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-760a8a8a04570e790a2c0e378b48bf48e48d060e213746587dd5807c691b8f29 cern-view-display-block cern-view-display-block_1 clearfix"> <h1 class="mb-3 mt-3 text-center">Featured resources</h1> <div class="view-content clearfix"> <div class="views-row"> <div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div data-history-node-id="191022" id="preview-card--5" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern landing_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-09/CERNCourierSep-Oct2024.jpg?itok=rdOrGlQS') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2024-09/CERNCourierSep-Oct2024.jpg?itok=rdOrGlQS" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern landing_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/resources/courier/physics/cern-courier-sepoct-2024"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="component-preview-cards__category-icon-vocabulary" data-icon="^"></div> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/resources/courier/physics/cern-courier-sepoct-2024" hreflang="en" title="CERN Courier Sep/Oct 2024"> <span> CERN Courier Sep/Oct 2024 </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Courier </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Physics </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-01-09T10:07:31Z">9 January, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div> </div> <div class="views-row"> <div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div data-history-node-id="5047" id="preview-card--6" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern landing_page" style="background:url('//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-PHOTO-202105-067-19/file?size=medium') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-PHOTO-202105-067-19/file?size=medium" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern landing_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/resources/image/accelerators/high-luminosity-lhc-gallery"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="component-preview-cards__category-icon-vocabulary" data-icon="z"></div> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/resources/image/accelerators/high-luminosity-lhc-gallery" hreflang="en" title="High-Luminosity LHC images"> <span> High-Luminosity LHC images </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Image </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Accelerators </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2018-06-20T12:37:57Z">20 June, 2018</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div> </div> <div class="views-row"> <div class="views-field views-field-rendered-entity"><span class="field-content"> <div data-history-node-id="5179" id="preview-card--7" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern landing_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2022-05/FAQ-LHC-EN-cover-min_0_0.JPG?itok=6kjMukRO') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/2022-05/FAQ-LHC-EN-cover-min_0_0.JPG?itok=6kjMukRO" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern landing_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/resources/brochure/knowledge-sharing/lhc-facts-and-figures"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="component-preview-cards__category-icon-vocabulary" data-icon="^"></div> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/resources/brochure/knowledge-sharing/lhc-facts-and-figures" hreflang="en" title="LHC Facts and Figures"> <span> LHC Facts and Figures </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Brochure </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Knowledge sharing </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2022-05-10T10:00:00Z">10 May, 2022</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </span></div> </div> </div> <div class="view-footer"> <p class="cern-btn"><a class="cern-btn" href="/resources">See all resources</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-0 col-sm-0 col-md-6 col-lg-6 col-item-megamenu"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <span>By Topic</span> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?topic=1114" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1114"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Accelerators</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?topic=1118" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1118"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">At CERN</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?topic=1116" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1116"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Computing</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?topic=1115" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1115"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Engineering</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?topic=1117" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1117"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Experiments</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?topic=1119" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1119"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Knowledge sharing</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?topic=1113" data-drupal-link-query="{"topic":"1113"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Physics</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <span>By format</span> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?type=62" data-drupal-link-query="{"type":"62"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">360 image</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?type=53" data-drupal-link-query="{"type":"53"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Annual report</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?type=56" data-drupal-link-query="{"type":"56"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Brochure</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources/bulletin/cern/cern-bulletin" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5055">Bulletin</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?type=52" data-drupal-link-query="{"type":"52"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Courier</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?type=59" data-drupal-link-query="{"type":"59"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Image</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?type=61" data-drupal-link-query="{"type":"61"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Video</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources" class="plus-more-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">+ More</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-4 col-lg-4 col-item-megamenu"> <ul class="cern-submenu"> <li> <p class="h2 cernmenu-level-0"> <span>By audience</span> </p> <ul class=""> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?audience=24" data-drupal-link-query="{"audience":"24"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">CERN community</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?audience=21" data-drupal-link-query="{"audience":"21"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Educators</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?audience=23" data-drupal-link-query="{"audience":"23"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">General public</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?audience=17" data-drupal-link-query="{"audience":"17"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Industry</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources/audience/resources-topic" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5436">Media</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?audience=19" data-drupal-link-query="{"audience":"19"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Scientists</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources?audience=20" data-drupal-link-query="{"audience":"20"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">Students</a> </p> </li> <li> <p class=" cernmenu-level-1 cernmenu-level-last "> <a href="/resources" class="plus-more-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="resources">+ More</a> </p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="close-cern-dropdown"></div> </div> </li> <li class="cern-dropdown cern-menu-search"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle cern-menu-item-search">search</a> <div class="cern-dropdown-menu row"> <div class="close-cern-dropdown"></div> <div class="col-md-offset-2 col-md-8 cern-menu-content-search"> <span class="placeholder-of-search hidden d-none">E.G. BIRTH OF WEB, LHC PAGE 1, BULLETIN...</span> <span class="placeholder-of-search-mobile hidden d-none">E.G. BIRTH OF WEB, LHC...</span> <div class="search-block-form block block-search block-search-form-block" data-drupal-selector="search-block-form" role="search"> <form action="/search/node" method="get" id="search-block-form" accept-charset="UTF-8"> <div class="form-item js-form-item form-type-search js-form-type-search form-item-keys js-form-item-keys form-no-label form-group"> <label for="edit-keys" class="control-label sr-only">Search</label> <div class="input-group"><input title="Enter the terms you wish to search for." data-drupal-selector="edit-keys" class="form-search form-control" placeholder="Search" type="search" id="edit-keys" name="keys" value="" size="15" maxlength="128" data-toggle="tooltip" /><span class="input-group-btn"><button type="submit" value="Search" class="button js-form-submit form-submit btn-primary btn icon-only"><span class="sr-only">Search</span><span class="icon glyphicon glyphicon-search" aria-hidden="true"></span></button></span></div> </div> <div class="form-actions form-group js-form-wrapper form-wrapper" data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" id="edit-actions"></div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="dropdown cern-menu-lang-switcher"> <a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-expanded="true"> <span class="separator">|</span> en <span class="caret"></span> </a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><section class="language-switcher-language-url block block-language block-language-blocklanguage-interface clearfix" role="navigation"> <ul class="links"><li hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5298" class="en is-active"><a href="/science/physics" class="language-link is-active" hreflang="en" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5298">en</a></li><li hreflang="fr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5298" class="fr"><a href="/fr/science/physics" class="language-link" hreflang="fr" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/5298">fr</a></li></ul> </section> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div>  </div>  </nav> </nav> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <main role="main"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div class="container-fluid cern-page-display-page cern-page-display-landing_page"> <div class="has-no-column wrapper-center col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="region region-content"> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div data-history-node-id="5298" class="layout layout--onecol"> <div class="layout__region layout__region--content"> <div class="field field--name-field-component field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--items"> <div class="field--item"> <div class="component-row component-row__display__fluid section-navigation component-row__has-header effect_none is_full_height"> <div class="component-row__row"> <div class="component-row__column component-row__center section-has-no-column col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="box-effects-wrapper "> <div class="cern-component-header-blocks component-header"> <div id="header-blocks--2" class="owl-carousel owl-theme component-header__carousel header-carousel"> <div class="header-block"> <div class="header-block__title"> <h3 class="header-block__name" > <span>Physics</span> <span class="header-block__name__underline"></span> </h3> <span class="header-block__subhead" ><hr> <p class="text-align-center">The research programme at CERN covers topics from the basic structure of matter to cosmic rays, and from the Standard Model to supersymmetry</p> </span> </div> <div class="background__veil"></div> <div class="background-component background__cds_media" style="height: 100%;"> <figure class="cds-image" data-record-id="1697053" data-filename="FourMuon" id="ATLAS-PHO-EVENTS-2014-015-1"> <a href="//cds.cern.ch/images/ATLAS-PHO-EVENTS-2014-015-1" title="View on CDS"> <img alt="An ATLAS event with 4 muons" src="//cds.cern.ch/images/ATLAS-PHO-EVENTS-2014-015-1/file?size=large"/> </a> <figcaption> <span> (Image: CERN)</span> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> </div> <span class="component-header__scroll"></span> </div> <a class="endof-cern-header-blocks"></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="component-row component-row__display__centered section-navigation effect_none"> <div class="component-row__row"> <div class="component-row__column component-row__center section-has-no-column col-md-9 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="box-effects-wrapper "> <div class="component-margin component-margin-small" ></div> <div class="text-component text-component-page clearfix"> <div class="text-component-text cern_full_html"> <p>CERN's main focus is particle physics – the study of the fundamental constituents of matter – but the physics programme at the laboratory is much broader, ranging from nuclear to high-energy physics, from studies of antimatter to the possible effects of cosmic rays on clouds.</p> <p>Since the 1970s, particle physicists have described the fundamental structure of matter using an elegant series of equations called the <a href="/about/physics/standard-model">Standard Model</a>. The model describes how everything that they observe in the universe is made from a few basic blocks called fundamental particles, governed by four forces. Physicists at CERN use the world's most powerful particle accelerators and detectors to test the predictions and limits of the Standard Model. Over the years it has explained many experimental results and precisely predicted a range of phenomena, such that today it is considered a well-tested physics theory.</p> <p>But the model only describes the 4% of the known universe, and questions remain. Will we see a unification of forces at the high energies of the <a href="/about/accelerators/large-hadron-collider">Large Hadron Collider</a> (LHC)? Why is gravity so weak? Why is there more matter than antimatter in the universe? Is there more exotic physics waiting to be discovered at higher energies? Will we discover evidence for a theory called <a href="/about/physics/supersymmetry">supersymmetry</a> at the LHC? Or understand <a href="/about/physics/search-higgs-boson">the Higgs boson</a> that gives particles mass?</p> <div class="story-page-node--body mt-2 clearfix"> <p>Physicists at CERN are looking for answers to these questions and more – find out more below.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="component-row__column component-row__sidebar-right col-md-3 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="component-margin component-margin-small" ></div> <div id="preview-card--3" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern landscape landing_page" style="background:url('//cds.cern.ch/images/ATLAS-PHO-COLLAB-2012-007-4/file?size=medium') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="//cds.cern.ch/images/ATLAS-PHO-COLLAB-2012-007-4/file?size=medium" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern landscape landing_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/resources/faqs/five-sigma"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3><a href="/resources/faqs/five-sigma" title="What does “five sigma” mean?"> <span style="color:"> What does “five sigma” mean? </span> </a></h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="component-row component-row__display__centered section-navigation effect_none"> <div class="component-row__row"> <div class="component-row__column component-row__center section-has-no-column col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="box-effects-wrapper "> <div class="text-component text-component-page clearfix"> <h2 class="text-component-title"> Particles and forces </h2> <div class="text-component-text cern_full_html"> <div class="story-page-node--body mt-2 clearfix"> <p>Scientists at CERN are trying to find out what the smallest building blocks of matter are.</p> <p>All matter except dark matter is made of molecules, which are themselves made of atoms. Inside the atoms, there are electrons spinning around the nucleus. The nucleus itself is generally made of protons and neutrons but even these are composite objects. Inside the protons and neutrons, we find the quarks, but these appear to be indivisible, just like the electrons.</p> <p>Quarks and electrons are some of the elementary particles we study at CERN and in other laboratories. But physicists have found more of these elementary particles in various experiments, so many in fact that researchers needed to organize them, just like Mendeleev did with his periodic table.</p> <p>This is summarized in a concise theoretical model called the <a href="https://home.web.cern.ch/science/physics/standard-model">Standard Model</a>. Today, we have a very good idea of what matter is made of, how it all holds together and how these particles interact with each other.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="component-margin component-margin-small" ></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="component-row component-row__display__centered section-navigation effect_none"> <div class="component-row__row"> <div class="component-row__column component-row__center section-has-no-column col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="box-effects-wrapper "> <div id="preview-card--8" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern portrait landing_page" style="background:url('//cds.cern.ch/images/OPEN-PHO-EXP-2018-004-1/file?size=medium') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="//cds.cern.ch/images/OPEN-PHO-EXP-2018-004-1/file?size=medium" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern portrait landing_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/science/physics/standard-model"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3><a href="/science/physics/standard-model" title="Standard model"> <span style="color:"> Standard model </span> </a></h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="preview-card--9" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern portrait landing_page" style="background:url('//cds.cern.ch/images/CMS-PHO-EVENTS-2011-010-12/file?size=medium') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="//cds.cern.ch/images/CMS-PHO-EVENTS-2011-010-12/file?size=medium" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern portrait landing_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/about/physics/higgs-boson"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3><a href="/about/physics/higgs-boson" title="Higgs Boson"> <span style="color:"> Higgs Boson </span> </a></h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="preview-card--10" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page" style="background:url('//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-EX-69576-1/file?size=small') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-EX-69576-1/file?size=small" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/science/physics/w-boson-sunshine-and-stardust"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3><a href="/science/physics/w-boson-sunshine-and-stardust" title="W boson"> <span style="color:"> W boson </span> </a></h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="preview-card--11" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page" style="background:url('//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-EX-8704168-1/file?size=small') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-EX-8704168-1/file?size=small" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/science/physics/z-boson"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3><a href="/science/physics/z-boson" title="Z boson"> <span style="color:"> Z boson </span> </a></h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="field--item"> <div class="component-row component-row__display__centered section-navigation effect_none"> <div class="component-row__row"> <div class="component-row__column component-row__center section-has-no-column col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <div class="box-effects-wrapper "> <div class="text-component text-component-page clearfix"> <h2 class="text-component-title"> Understanding our universe </h2> </div> <div id="preview-card--21" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/2018-10/403689main_cobe_1024-768_0.jpg') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/2018-10/403689main_cobe_1024-768_0.jpg" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/science/physics/early-universe"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3><a href="/science/physics/early-universe" title="The early universe"> <span style="color:"> The early universe </span> </a></h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="preview-card--22" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page" style="background:url('//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-EX-0711033-02/file?size=small') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-EX-0711033-02/file?size=small" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/science/physics/heavy-ions-and-quark-gluon-plasma"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3><a href="/science/physics/heavy-ions-and-quark-gluon-plasma" title="Heavy Ions and Quark Gluon Plasma"> <span style="color:"> Heavy Ions and Quark Gluon Plasma </span> </a></h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="preview-card--23" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page" style="background:url('//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-EX-23296-1/file?size=small') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="//cds.cern.ch/images/CERN-EX-23296-1/file?size=small" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/science/physics/matter-antimatter-asymmetry-problem"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3><a href="/science/physics/matter-antimatter-asymmetry-problem" title="Matter-antimatter asymmetry"> <span style="color:"> Matter-antimatter asymmetry </span> </a></h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="preview-card--24" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/2018-10/higgs%20product%20%280%3B00%3B28%3B06%29.jpeg') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/2018-10/higgs%20product%20%280%3B00%3B28%3B06%29.jpeg" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/science/physics/dark-matter"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3><a href="/science/physics/dark-matter" title="Dark Matter"> <span style="color:"> Dark Matter </span> </a></h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="preview-card--25" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page" style="background:url('//cds.cern.ch/images/CMS-PHO-GEN-2017-008-1/file?size=small') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="//cds.cern.ch/images/CMS-PHO-GEN-2017-008-1/file?size=small" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/science/physics/cosmic-rays-particles-outer-space"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3><a href="/science/physics/cosmic-rays-particles-outer-space" title="Cosmic rays: particles from outer space"> <span style="color:"> Cosmic rays: particles from outer space </span> </a></h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="preview-card--26" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page" style="background:url('//cds.cern.ch/images/ATLAS-PHO-EVENTS-2014-001-1/file?size=small') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="//cds.cern.ch/images/ATLAS-PHO-EVENTS-2014-001-1/file?size=small" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/science/physics/supersymmetry"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3><a href="/science/physics/supersymmetry" title="Supersymmetry"> <span style="color:"> Supersymmetry </span> </a></h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="preview-card--27" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/2018-10/Higgsfield_RVB.jpeg') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/2018-10/Higgsfield_RVB.jpeg" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/science/physics/compositeness"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3><a href="/science/physics/compositeness" title="Compositeness"> <span style="color:"> Compositeness </span> </a></h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="preview-card--28" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page" style="background:url('/sites/default/files/2018-10/60100.jpeg') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="/sites/default/files/2018-10/60100.jpeg" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/science/physics/unified-forces"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3><a href="/science/physics/unified-forces" title="Unified forces"> <span style="color:"> Unified forces </span> </a></h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="preview-card--29" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page" style="background:url('//cds.cern.ch/images/ATLAS-PHO-EVENTS-2014-005-1/file?size=small') no-repeat center center / cover" data-background="//cds.cern.ch/images/ATLAS-PHO-EVENTS-2014-005-1/file?size=small" class="component-preview-cards box-pattern simple-display landing_page"> <a class="box-link" target="" href="/science/physics/extra-dimensions-gravitons-and-tiny-black-holes"></a> <div class="component-preview-cards__veil"></div> <div class="component-preview-cards__box_wrapper"> <div class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3><a href="/science/physics/extra-dimensions-gravitons-and-tiny-black-holes" title="Extra dimensions, gravitons, and tiny black holes"> <span style="color:"> Extra dimensions, gravitons, and tiny black h... </span> </a></h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer role="contentinfo"> <div class="row cern-footer"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-4 footer-first-col"> <div class="region region-footercolumn1"> <section id="block-followus" class="block block-block-content block-block-content6d2579e3-b650-496f-b854-0c744e176f43 clearfix"> <div class="block-custom-wrapper block-content block-content--type-basic block-content--view-mode-full ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-field-visible-title field--type-string field--label-hidden field--item"> <p>Follow Us</p> </div> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p style="font-size:36px; font-family: CERNIcons, CernIcons, cern-icons; display: flex; gap: 10px;"><a href="http://www.facebook.com/cern"><img alt="Facebook icon" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="5da97013-d976-42e3-aaf3-c2cdf2683c3d" height="40" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/lburdych/Facebook.png" width="40" loading="lazy"> </a> <a href="http://www.instagram.com/cern"> <img alt="Instagram icon" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="e80bf359-c309-4a5e-ae36-a6d4b950b285" height="40" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/lburdych/Instagram.png" width="40" loading="lazy"> </a> <a href="https://www.tiktok.com/@cern_ontiktok"> <img alt="TikTok icon" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="8fc6b5aa-066e-4eb5-88de-56b61690e174" height="40" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/lburdych/TikTok_0.png" width="40" loading="lazy"></a> <a href="https://x.com/CERN"> <img alt="X icon" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="f1391fcf-1b27-42d5-9712-2052e2fceee5" height="40" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/lburdych/X.png" width="40" loading="lazy"> </a> <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/company/cern"> <img alt="LinkedIn icon" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="8674b1e8-b762-48f5-a649-f251a0eb6ad7" height="40" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/lburdych/LinkedIn.png" width="40" loading="lazy"> </a> <a href="http://www.youtube.com/user/cerntv"> <img alt="Youtube icon" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="d429f87c-f790-4309-b0be-970374a526f9" height="40" src="/sites/default/files/inline-images/lburdych/Youtube.png" width="40" loading="lazy"></a></p> <p> </p> <p><a href="https://linktr.ee/CERN_official" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">More Social Media Accounts</a></p> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-8 col-md-8 col-lg-8 footer-second-col"> <div class="row">  <div class="col-sm-5 col-md-4 col-md-offset-0 col-lg-4 col-lg-offset-0"> <div class="region region-footercolumn2"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-findusmenu-menu" id="block-findusmenu"> <h2 id="block-findusmenu-menu">Find us</h2> <ul class="menu menu--find-us-menu nav"> <li class="first"> <a href="/contact" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/150">Contact us</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/directions" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/153">Getting here</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <section id="block-contactus" class="block block-block-content block-block-content17426485-662a-41e2-b3c6-3e42f882ec6f clearfix"> <div class="block-custom-wrapper block-content block-content--type-basic block-content--view-mode-full ds-1col clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p> </p> <ul> <li>CERN</li> <li>Esplanade des Particules 1</li> <li>P.O. Box</li> <li>1211 Geneva 23</li> <li>Switzerland</li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div>  <div class="col-sm-6 col-sm-offset-1 col-md-4 col-md-offset-0 col-lg-4"> <div class=" mb-4"> <div class="region region-footercolumn3"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-connectwithusfooter-menu" id="block-connectwithusfooter"> <h2 id="block-connectwithusfooter-menu">CERN & You</h2> <ul class="menu menu--connect-with-us-footer nav"> <li class="first"> <a href="http://cern.ch/procurement">Doing business with CERN</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://cern.ch/knowledgetransfer">Knowledge transfer</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://voisins.web.cern.ch/en">CERN's neighbours</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://cernandsocietyfoundation.cern">CERN & Society Foundation</a> </li> <li> <a href="/partnerships" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/160">Partnerships</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="https://alumni.cern">Alumni</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="col-sm-6 col-sm-offset-6 col-md-4 col-md-offset-0 col-lg-4 col-lg-offset-0"> <div class=" mb-4"> <div class="region region-footercolumn4"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-generalinfofooter-menu" id="block-generalinfofooter"> <h2 id="block-generalinfofooter-menu">General Information</h2> <ul class="menu menu--general-info-footer nav"> <li class="first"> <a href="https://careers.cern">Careers</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://visit.cern/">Visits</a> </li> <li> <a href="/data-privacy-protection-policy" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/166">Privacy policy</a> </li> <li class="last"> <a href="/cookies" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/165">Cookie Management</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="copy-wrapper"> <a href="https://copyright.web.cern.ch/"> Copyright </a>  © 2024 CERN</div> </footer> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/5298","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"eJx1Tm2SwyAIvZDVI2VQmcQtEQewbW6_selum53ZHwLvA3yR2dQEWmjc-Ibi4i9jzGSluYRSJ2LIpc5hgNd8CMMVQcIneCoRFMNMHIEuahv9bLQeqaS_CsHG3aZcNI0YW-CKicmtYMsXPIKi9TYQrxyO5hoIzHvSRUOW3oD8m_H9-EgXzE43NVzDSOR6mRqY7UF0J9J1Fu41-_d4ciwIGWWKxOnqc7kVLVz1X4v6BPsRRbpQiQKynawryFyqP9pZwdr9irnAiW6Ct4L3ab-a_Sc4uYTvfn8nzvBhfhQ3djQ8q185d8JvWOXGBA","theme":"cernpublic","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":{"\/search\/node":true},"mathjax":{"config_type":1,"config":{"tex2jax":{"inlineMath":[["$","$"],["\$","\$"]],"processEscapes":"true"},"showProcessingMessages":"false","messageStyle":"none"}},"matomo":{"disableCookies":false,"trackMailto":true},"bootstrap":{"forms_has_error_value_toggle":1,"modal_animation":1,"modal_backdrop":"true","modal_focus_input":1,"modal_keyboard":1,"modal_select_text":1,"modal_show":1,"modal_size":"","popover_enabled":1,"popover_animation":1,"popover_auto_close":1,"popover_container":"body","popover_content":"","popover_delay":"0","popover_html":0,"popover_placement":"right","popover_selector":"","popover_title":"","popover_trigger":"click","tooltip_enabled":1,"tooltip_animation":1,"tooltip_container":"body","tooltip_delay":"0","tooltip_html":0,"tooltip_placement":"auto left","tooltip_selector":"","tooltip_trigger":"hover"},"cern_hero_header":{"slide_time":[0]},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"30effdd7d92fd58752f7293da4916e148a53b5e7b0426e8ff61fff31efabda2e"}}</script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery/jquery.min.js?v=3.7.1"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/underscore/underscore-min.js?v=1.13.6"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/once/once.min.js?v=1.0.1"></script> <script src="/sites/default/files/languages/en_p5SjUX5jHQqdSjFPWYikWHznV7uBLdbvuWpmhxPwWHg.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/core/misc/drupalSettingsLoader.js?v=10.2.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/drupal.js?v=10.2.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/drupal.init.js?v=10.2.8"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/tabbable/index.umd.min.js?v=6.2.0"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/cern-loading/js/cern_loading.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/sites/default/modules/mathjax/js/config.js?v=10.2.8"></script> <script src="/libraries/MathJax/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script> <script src="/sites/default/modules/mathjax/js/setup.js?v=10.2.8"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/matomo/js/matomo.js?v=10.2.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/progress.js?v=10.2.8"></script> <script src="/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/misc/progress.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/loadjs/loadjs.min.js?v=4.2.0"></script> <script src="/core/misc/debounce.js?v=10.2.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/announce.js?v=10.2.8"></script> <script src="/core/misc/message.js?v=10.2.8"></script> <script src="/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/misc/message.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/core/misc/ajax.js?v=10.2.8"></script> <script src="/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/misc/ajax.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/js/prism/prism.js"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/cernbase.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/components/social-sharing.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/components/footer.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/views/agenda-views.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/views/faq-views.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/views/news-views.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/views/resources-views.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/views/stories-views.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/views/taxonomies-views.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/views/search-views.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/views/common-views.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/js/box-effects.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/js/colorbox/jquery.colorbox-min.js"></script> <script src="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/js/scroll-magic/ScrollMagic.min.js"></script> <script src="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/js/scroll-magic/text-effects.js"></script> <script src="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/js/owlcarousel/js/owl.carousel.js"></script> <script src="//framework.web.cern.ch/framework/3.0/js/owlcarousel/js/owl.carousel2.thumbs.js"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernpublic/js/views_carousel.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernpublic/js/anchor-fix.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/sites/default/themes/custom/cernbase/sass/bootstrap/javascripts/bootstrap.min.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/drupal.bootstrap.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/attributes.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/theme.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/popover.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/themes/contrib/bootstrap/js/tooltip.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/cern-components/patterns/molecules/row/js/row.component.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/cern-components/patterns/molecules/preview-card/js/component-preview-card.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/cern-components/patterns/atoms/background/js/background.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/cern-components/patterns/molecules/header-blocks/js/header_carousel.js?smqvgl"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/cern-toolbar/assets/js/cern_toolbar.js?v=1.x"></script> <script src="/modules/custom/cern-components/patterns/molecules/menu/js/menu.component.js?smqvgl"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Physics | CERN