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href="https://www-wipo-int.translate.goog/about-wipo/en/oversight/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Oversight</a> </div> </div> <div class="d-flex flex-column flex-fill position-relative" id="wrapper"> <section class=" flex-fill" id="content"> <div class="layout-content portlet-layout" id="main-content" role="main"> <style data-senna-track="temporary" type="text/css"> .portlet-borderless .portlet-content {padding: 0;}</style> <div class="lfr-layout-structure-item-basic-component-html lfr-layout-structure-item-3e9670c2-c3ee-4b7a-8742-d1616dd787c4 " style=""> <div id="fragment-94bd71eb-696e-ac8f-7283-972bfb243841"> <div class="component-html" data-lfr-editable-id="element-html" data-lfr-editable-type="html"> <div class="dropdown nav__on-this-page"><a class="dropdown-toggle" href="https://www-wipo-int.translate.goog/en/web/trademarks/protection?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#" data-toggle="dropdown">On this page <strong class="caret"></strong></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu--on-this-page"> <li><a href="https://www-wipo-int.translate.goog/en/web/trademarks/protection?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#distinctiveness">Distinctiveness</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-wipo-int.translate.goog/en/web/trademarks/protection?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#process">Trademark registration process</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-wipo-int.translate.goog/en/web/trademarks/protection?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#rejection">Rejection of a trademark application</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-wipo-int.translate.goog/en/web/trademarks/protection?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#abroad">Obtaining protection abroad</a></li> <li><a href="https://www-wipo-int.translate.goog/en/web/trademarks/protection?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cases">Case studies</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="content"> <h1>How to Protect a Trademark?</h1> <div class="main"> <p class="lead"><a href="https://www-wipo-int.translate.goog/en/web/trademarks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Trademarks</a> are generally protected through registration, following an application filed with the national or regional <a data-senna-off="true" href="https://www-wipo-int.translate.goog/about-ip/en/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">intellectual property</a> (IP) office. In some countries, trademark rights are also available through use.</p> </div> <div class="complementary"> <figure><img src="https://www.wipo.int/sme/images/getty_1026029400_tms.jpg" alt=""> <figcaption class="credit"> (Image: Getty Images/300_librarians) </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="content cols cols--two line"> <div class="col"> <figure><img src="https://www.wipo.int/sme/images/getty_1129548885_checklist.png" alt=""> </figure> <h2 id="distinctiveness"><a id="qualify"></a>Requirements for protection</h2> <p class="lead">In order to be protected as a trademark, a sign should be distinctive: that is, capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one business from those of other competitors.</p> </div> <div class="col"> <figure><img src="https://www.wipo.int/sme/images/getty_1026747924_coins.png" alt=""> </figure> <h2 id="cost"><a id="cost"></a>Costs of protecting a trademark</h2> <p class="lead">The costs of trademark protection vary significantly from country to country and may include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Application/registration fee</strong> (to be paid to the IP office). Fees vary depending on where you want to protect your mark and how many classes of goods and services are covered.</li> <li><strong>Costs associated with the services of a trademark agent</strong>. This may be a requirement of the IP office.</li> <li><strong>Payment of renewal fees</strong>. These are fees to maintain the exclusive right over a trademark usually paid on a ten-year basis.</li> </ul> <p>The relevant national or regional IP office will be able to give you details on their fee structure. Consult our list of <a data-senna-off="true" href="https://www-wipo-int.translate.goog/directory/en/urls.jsp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">national and regional IP offices</a>.</p> </div> </div> <div class="content line"> <h2 id="process">The trademark registration process</h2> <div class="main"> <p class="lead">A trademark application has to be filed (and paid for) in a national or regional trademark office. Following filing, the office will then examine the application.</p> <p class="lead">The steps (and their order) taken by the office to register a trademark vary from country to country but, broadly speaking, follow a similar pattern.</p> </div> </div> <div class="content cols cols--three steps-container--cols-three"> <div class="col step step--blue"> <header class="step__header"> <h3 class="step__title">1. Application</h3> </header> <aside class="step__info"> First you must submit a duly completed trademark application form and pay the required fees. Forms are available from the office or online – in many countries, the entire process can be done online. The application will include the representation of the mark and the list of the goods and services to which the trademark will apply. Some trademark offices may require proof of use or a declaration that your business intends to use the trademark. </aside> </div> <div class="col step step--blue"> <header class="step__header"> <h3 class="step__title">2. Examination</h3> </header> <aside class="step__info"> The office examines the application to make sure it complies with administrative requirements or formalities (application fee has been paid; the form is properly completed, etc.).<br><br> In many countries, the office only checks whether the proposed trademark is not excluded from registration by specific provisions of the trademark law. Others check if the proposed trademark conflicts with a prior trademark. </aside> </div> <div class="col step step--blue"> <header class="step__header"> <h3 class="step__title">3. Publication</h3> </header> <aside class="step__info"> Often, the trademark is published in a journal. In a number of countries, the trademark is published only after it has been registered. </aside> </div> </div> <div class="content cols cols--three steps-container--cols-three"> <div class="col step step--blue"> <header class="step__header"> <h3 class="step__title">4. Opposition</h3> </header> <aside class="step__info"> Many offices provide a period during which others can oppose the registration of a trademark. Opposition proceedings may be pre-grant and/or post-grant. The office will make a decision based on evidence provided. This decision will usually be subject to appeal. </aside> </div> <div class="col step step--blue"> <header class="step__header"> <h3 class="step__title">5. Registration</h3> </header> <aside class="step__info"> Once it has been determined that there are no grounds for refusal, the trademark is registered and a registration certificate issued. The certificate is generally valid for 10 years. Registrations can be renewed indefinitely upon payment of a renewal fee. </aside> </div> </div> <div class="content line"> <h2 id="abroad">Obtaining protection abroad</h2> <div class="main"> <p class="lead">Trademarks are <strong>territorial rights</strong> – they are only protected in the countries or regions where they are registered.</p> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <section class="cols cols--three is-border-divided"> <div class="col"> <h4>National route</h4> <p>Apply to the trademark office of each country in which you are seeking protection by filing an application in the required language and paying the required fees.</p> <p>• A country may require you to use the services of a locally-based trademark agent.<br> • Some countries do not have a national system and use a regional system instead.</p> </div> <div class="col"> <h4>Regional route</h4> <p>If you want protection in countries that are members of a regional trademark system, you may apply for registration, with effect in the territories of all member countries, by filing an application with the relevant regional office.</p> <div class="accordion" id="accordion"> <div class="accordion__group"> <div class="accordion__heading"><a class="accordion__toggle collapsed" data-parent="#accordion" data-toggle="collapse" href="https://www-wipo-int.translate.goog/en/web/trademarks/protection?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#accordion__collapse__08">Regional trademark offices</a> </div> <div class="accordion__body collapse" id="accordion__collapse__08"> <div class="accordion__inner"> <ul> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.aripo.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener">African Regional Industrial Property Organization</a> (ARIPO)</li> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.boip.int" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Benelux Office for Intellectual Property</a> (BOIP)</li> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oami.europa.eu" target="_blank" rel="noopener">European Union Intellectual Property Office</a> (EUIPO)</li> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oapi.int" target="_blank" rel="noopener">African Intellectual Property Organization</a> (OAPI)</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col"> <h4>International route</h4> <p>WIPO's <a data-senna-off="true" href="https://www-wipo-int.translate.goog/madrid/en/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Madrid System</a> is a convenient and cost-effective solution for registering and managing <a href="https://www-wipo-int.translate.goog/en/web/trademarks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">trademarks</a> worldwide. File a single international trademark application and <a data-senna-off="true" href="https://www-wipo-int.translate.goog/finance/en/madrid.html?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">pay one set of fees</a> to apply for protection in up to <a data-senna-off="true" href="https://www-wipo-int.translate.goog/madrid/en/members/?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">130 countries</a>. 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